FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ferguson, PL Huset, CA Hyland, KC Geis, S Mager, A Cancilla, DA Corsi, SR AF Ferguson, P. Lee Huset, Carin A. Hyland, Katherine C. Geis, Steve Mager, Amy Cancilla, Devon A. Corsi, Steven R. TI Characterization of toxic components in aircraft deicer fluids using bioassay directed fractionation and high resolution mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ferguson, P. Lee] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Huset, Carin A.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hyland, Katherine C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Geis, Steve; Mager, Amy] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cancilla, Devon A.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Corsi, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. EM lee.ferguson@duke.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 265-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105058 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Ford, RM Metge, DW Wang, M Toepfer, A Boyd-McGowan, S AF Harvey, Ronald W. Ford, Roseanne M. Metge, David W. Wang, Meng Toepfer, Amanda Boyd-McGowan, Sara TI Bacterial chemotaxis as a potential mechanism for enhancing degradation of localized organic contaminants in granular aquifers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Reseach Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ford, Roseanne M.; Wang, Meng; Toepfer, Amanda; Boyd-McGowan, Sara] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 99-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104890 ER PT J AU Hayes, SM Root, R Perdrial, N Chorover, J AF Hayes, Sarah M. Root, Robert Perdrial, Nicolas Chorover, Jon TI Oxidative mineral weathering of mine tailings: Coupled mineral and toxic metal transformations at the Iron King Superfund Site SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hayes, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Minerals & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Root, Robert; Perdrial, Nicolas; Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM shayes@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 59-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106029 ER PT J AU Lorenson, TD Wong, FL Dartnell, P AF Lorenson, Thomas D. Wong, Florence L. Dartnell, Peter TI Natural offshore asphalt seepage in Southern California SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lorenson, Thomas D.; Wong, Florence L.; Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM tlorenson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 74-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106044 ER PT J AU Rosenbauer, RJ Campbell, PL Lam, A Lorenson, TD Hostettler, FD Thomas, B Wong, FL AF Rosenbauer, Robert J. Campbell, Pamela L. Lam, Angela Lorenson, Thomas D. Hostettler, Frances D. Thomas, Burt Wong, Florence L. TI Petroleum hydrocarbons analyzed in oil, tarballs, and sediment from the Northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline, Texas to Florida: Before and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Campbell, Pamela L.; Lam, Angela; Lorenson, Thomas D.; Hostettler, Frances D.; Thomas, Burt; Wong, Florence L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM brosenbauer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 152-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106121 ER PT J AU Thomas, JN Love, JJ Komjathy, A Verkhoglyadova, OP Butala, M Rivera, N AF Thomas, J. N. Love, J. J. Komjathy, A. Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Butala, M. Rivera, N. TI On the reported ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; GPS DETECTION; INDONESIA; SEQUENCE; SLIP AB Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data from sites near the 16 Oct. 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake, Pulinets et al. (2007) identified anomalous changes in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) starting one week prior to the earthquake. Pulinets (2007) suggested that precursory phenomena of this type could be useful for predicting earthquakes. On the other hand, and in a separate analysis, Afraimovich et al. (2004) concluded that TEC variations near the epicenter were controlled by solar and geomagnetic activity that were unrelated to the earthquake. In an investigation of these very different results, we examine TEC time series of long duration from GPS stations near and far from the epicenter of the Hector Mine earthquake, and long before and long after the earthquake. While we can reproduce the essential time series results of Pulinets et al., we find that the signal they identified as being anomalous is not actually anomalous. Instead, it is just part of normal global-scale TEC variation. We conclude that the TEC anomaly reported by Pulinets et al. is unrelated to the Hector Mine earthquake. Citation: Thomas, J. N., J. J. Love, A. Komjathy, O. P. Verkhoglyadova, M. Butala, and N. Rivera (2012), On the reported ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06302, doi:10.1029/2012GL051022. C1 [Thomas, J. N.; Rivera, N.] NW Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Komjathy, A.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Butala, M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Love, J. J.] USGS Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thomas, J. N.; Rivera, N.] Digipen Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Redmond, WA USA. [Thomas, J. N.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thomas, JN (reprint author), NW Res Associates, 4118 148th Ave NE, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM jnt@u.washington.edu RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013; OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348; Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 FU USGS [G11AP20177]; NASA FX This research was supported by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, external research grant G11AP20177. Partial support was also received from the Digipen Institute of Technology, the USGS Geomagnetism Program, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank C. A. Finn, G. Hayes, M. J. S. Johnston, and S. A. Pulinets for reading a draft manuscript. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06302 DI 10.1029/2012GL051022 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914GK UT WOS:000301937300002 ER PT J AU Zhang, CX Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J Cozzarelli, IM Wang, YX AF Zhang, Caixiang Eganhouse, Robert P. Pontolillo, James Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Wang, Yanxin TI Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE NP isomers; SDE; GC x GC/ToFMS; GC/MS ID ESTROGEN EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION; 4-NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; DEGRADATION; CHEMICALS; MONOETHOXYLATE; IDENTIFICATION; ALKYLPHENOLS; MIXTURES AB 4-Nonylphenols (4-NPs) are known endocrine disruptors and by-products of the microbial degradation of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants. One of the challenges to understanding the toxic effects of nonylphenols is the large number of isomers that may exist in environmental samples. In order to attribute toxic effects to specific compounds, a method is needed for the separation and quantitation of individual nonylphenol isomers. The pre-concentration methods of solvent sublimation, solid-phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction prior to chromatographic analysis can be problematic because of co-extraction of thousands of compounds typically found in complex matrices such as municipal wastewater or landfill leachate. In the present study, steam distillation extraction (SDE) was found to be an effective pre-concentration method for extraction of 4-NP5 from leachate and wastewater, and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) coupled with fast mass spectral data acquisition by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS) enhanced the resolution and identification of 4-NP isomers. Concentrations of eight 4-NP isomers were determined in leachate from landfill cells of different age and wastewater influent and effluent samples. 4-NP isomers were about 3 times more abundant in leachate from the younger cell than the older one, whereas concentrations in wastewater effluent were either below detection limits or <1% of influent concentrations. 4-NP isomer distribution patterns were found to have been altered following release to the environment. This is believed to reflect isomer-specific degradation and accumulation of 4-NPs in the aquatic environment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Caixiang; Wang, Yanxin] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Eganhouse, Robert P.; Pontolillo, James; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM yx.wang@cug.edu.cn OI Pontolillo, James/0000-0002-1075-1313; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20080440973]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40830748, 40972156]; USGS FX We thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting Dr. Zhang to study at the USGS (VA, USA). We also thank Jason R Masoner (USGS, OK, USA) for collecting leachate and wastewater samples for us and Jeanne B Jaeschke (VA, USA) for laboratory assistance. Dr. Walter Giger (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) provided individual synthetic 4-NP isomers. Finally, we thank Mary Jo Baedecker and Jason Masoner for helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This study was funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20080440973), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830748 and No. 40972156) and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology and National Research Programs. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 1230 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.109 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 914OC UT WOS:000301959700014 PM 22342185 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Adler, PB Seabloom, EW Borer, ET Hillebrand, H Hautier, Y Hector, A Harpole, WS O'Halloran, LR Anderson, TM Bakker, JD Brown, CS Buckley, YM Collins, SL Cottingham, KL Crawley, MJ Damschen, EI Davies, KF DeCrappeo, NM Fay, PA Firn, J Gruner, DS Hagenah, N Jin, VL Kirkman, KP Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ Lambrinos, JG Melbourne, BA Mitchell, CE Moore, JL Morgan, JW Orrock, JL Prober, SM Stevens, CJ Wragg, PD Yang, LH AF Grace, James B. Adler, Peter B. Seabloom, Eric W. Borer, Elizabeth T. Hillebrand, Helmut Hautier, Yann Hector, Andy Harpole, W. Stanley O'Halloran, Lydia R. Anderson, T. Michael Bakker, Jonathan D. Brown, Cynthia S. Buckley, Yvonne M. Collins, Scott L. Cottingham, Kathryn L. Crawley, Michael J. Damschen, Ellen I. Davies, Kendi F. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Fay, Philip A. Firn, Jennifer Gruner, Daniel S. Hagenah, Nicole Jin, Virginia L. Kirkman, Kevin P. Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. Lambrinos, John G. Melbourne, Brett A. Mitchell, Charles E. Moore, Joslin L. Morgan, John W. Orrock, John L. Prober, Suzanne M. Stevens, Carly J. Wragg, Peter D. Yang, Louie H. TI Response to Comments on "Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Seabloom, Eric W.; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Wragg, Peter D.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hillebrand, Helmut] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26381 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Hautier, Yann; Hector, Andy] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hector, Andy] Microsoft Res, Cambridge CB3 0FB, England. [Harpole, W. Stanley] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, T. Michael] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cottingham, Kathryn L.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Crawley, Michael J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Damschen, Ellen I.; Orrock, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Davies, Kendi F.; Melbourne, Brett A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Biogeosci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. [Hagenah, Nicole; La Pierre, Kimberly J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Lambrinos, John G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Morgan, John W.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Prober, Suzanne M.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Stevens, Carly J.] Open Univ, Dept Life Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Yang, Louie H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov RI Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Cottingham, Kathryn/H-1593-2012; Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011; Moore, Joslin/C-5270-2009; Wragg, Peter/C-8385-2009; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; Hillebrand, Helmut/I-1717-2014; Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Bakker, Jonathan/I-6960-2013 OI La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Moore, Joslin/0000-0001-9809-5092; Wragg, Peter/0000-0003-2361-4286; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Hillebrand, Helmut/0000-0001-7449-1613; Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 112 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6075 DI 10.1126/science.1214939 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 912YG UT WOS:000301837000024 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Simmons, KR Schumann, RR Groves, LT Mitrovica, JX Laurel, D AF Muhs, Daniel R. Simmons, Kathleen R. Schumann, R. Randall Groves, Lindsey T. Mitrovica, Jerry X. Laurel, DeAnna TI Sea-level history during the Last Interglacial complex on San Nicolas Island, California: implications for glacial isostatic adjustment processes, paleozoogeography and tectonics SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Marine terraces; Sea levels; Last Interglacial period; Uranium-series dating; Corals; Paleozoogeography; Uplift; Glacial isostatic adjustment; San Nicolas Island; California ID MARINE INVERTEBRATE FAUNAS; ICE-AGE EARTH; U-SERIES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-GUINEA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC COAST AB San Nicolas Island, California has one of the best records of fossiliferous Quaternary marine terraces in North America, with at least fourteen terraces rising to an elevation of similar to 270 m above present-day sea level. In our studies of the lowest terraces, we identified platforms at 38-36 m (terrace 2a), 33-28 m (terrace 2b), and 13-8 m (terrace 1). Uranium-series dating of solitary corals from these terraces yields three clusters of ages: similar to 120 ka on terrace 2a (marine isotope stage [MIS] 5.5), similar to 120 and similar to 100 ka on terrace 2b (MIS 5.5 and 5.3), and similar to 80 ka (MIS 5.1) on terrace 1. We conclude that corals on terrace 2b that date to similar to 120 ka were reworked from a formerly broader terrace 2a during the similar to 100 ka sea stand. Fossil faunas differ on the three terraces. Isolated fragments of terrace 2a have a fauna similar to that of modern waters surrounding San Nicolas Island. A mix of extralimital southern and extralimital northern species is found on terrace 2b, and extralimital northern species are on terrace 1. On terrace 2b, with its mixed faunas, extralimital southern species, indicating warmer than present waters, are interpreted to be from the similar to 120 ka high sea stand, reworked from terrace 2a. The extralimital northern species on terrace 2b, indicating cooler than present waters, are interpreted to be from the similar to 100 ka sea stand. The abundant extralimital northern species on terrace 1 indicate cooler than present waters at similar to 80 ka. Using the highest elevations of the similar to 120 ka platform of terrace 2a, and assuming a paleo-sea level of +6 m based on previous studies, San Nicolas Island has experienced late Quaternary uplift rates of similar to 0.25-0.27 m/ka. These uplift rates, along with shoreline angle elevations and ages of terrace 2b (similar to 100 ka) and terrace 1 (similar to 80 ka) yield relative (local) paleo-sea level elevations of +2 to +6 m for the similar to 100 ka sea stand and -11 to -12 m for the similar to 80 ka sea stand. These estimates are significantly higher than those reported for the similar to 100 ka and similar to 80 ka sea stands on New Guinea and Barbados. Numerical models of the glacial isostatic adjustment (CIA) process presented here demonstrate that these differences in the high stands are expected, given the variable geographic distances between the sites and the former Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Moreover, the numerical results show that the absolute and differential elevations of the observed high stands provide a potentially important constraint on ice volumes during this time interval and on Earth structure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kathleen R.; Schumann, R. Randall] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Groves, Lindsey T.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Malacol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laurel, DeAnna] ATA Serv Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov OI Schumann, Randall/0000-0001-8158-6960 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal and Eolian Landscapes" Project. Many thanks go to Stephen Schwartz and Lisa Thomas (U.S. Navy) for access to and logistical support on San Nicolas Island. We thank George Kennedy for help in the early stages of the study. Gary Skipp (USGS) X-rayed the corals for aragonite purity. We appreciate helpful discussions of the fossil record with James McLean and Cathy Groves (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) and Richard Squires (California State University, Northridge). Special thanks go to Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Malacology Section volunteer Janice Lipeles of Los Angeles, CA, for essential help in fossil sorting. Robert S. Thompson (U.S. Geological Survey) provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. NR 137 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 37 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.010 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 920YG UT WOS:000302444600001 ER PT J AU Johnson, CG Kokelaar, BP Iverson, RM Logan, M LaHusen, RG Gray, JMNT AF Johnson, C. G. Kokelaar, B. P. Iverson, R. M. Logan, M. LaHusen, R. G. Gray, J. M. N. T. TI Grain-size segregation and levee formation in geophysical mass flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; SHALLOW GRANULAR AVALANCHES; 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; MIXTURE THEORY; TRANSPORT; RECIRCULATION; DEPOSITION; FRONTS; WAVES AB Data from large-scale debris-flow experiments are combined with modeling of particle-size segregation to explain the formation of lateral levees enriched in coarse grains. The experimental flows consisted of 10 m(3) of water-saturated sand and gravel, which traveled similar to 80 m down a steeply inclined flume before forming an elongated leveed deposit 10 m long on a nearly horizontal runout surface. We measured the surface velocity field and observed the sequence of deposition by seeding tracers onto the flow surface and tracking them in video footage. Levees formed by progressive downslope accretion approximately 3.5 m behind the flow front, which advanced steadily at similar to 2 m s(-1) during most of the runout. Segregation was measured by placing similar to 600 coarse tracer pebbles on the bed, which, when entrained into the flow, segregated upwards at similar to 6-7.5 cm s(-1). When excavated from the deposit these were distributed in a horseshoe-shaped pattern that became increasingly elevated closer to the deposit termination. Although there was clear evidence for inverse grading during the flow, transect sampling revealed that the resulting leveed deposit was strongly graded laterally, with only weak vertical grading. We construct an empirical, three-dimensional velocity field resembling the experimental observations, and use this with a particle-size segregation model to predict the segregation and transport of material through the flow. We infer that coarse material segregates to the flow surface and is transported to the flow front by shear. Within the flow head, coarse material is overridden, then recirculates in spiral trajectories due to size-segregation, before being advected to the flow edges and deposited to form coarse-particle-enriched levees. C1 [Johnson, C. G.] Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. [Johnson, C. G.; Gray, J. M. N. T.] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Johnson, C. G.; Gray, J. M. N. T.] Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Iverson, R. M.; Logan, M.; LaHusen, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Kokelaar, B. P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. RP Johnson, CG (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. EM chris.johnson@bristol.ac.uk RI Gray, John/D-2269-2009; Johnson, Chris/B-3163-2012 OI Gray, John/0000-0003-3554-0499; Johnson, Chris/0000-0003-2192-3616 FU NERC [NE/E003206/1]; EPSRC [GR/S50052/01, GR/S50069/01, EP/I019189/1]; NERC DTG [NE/G523747/1]; EPSRC DTA FX We gratefully acknowledge the experimental assistance provided by A. Thornton, J. Griswold, K. Swinford and D. George, and thank J. Vallance and C. Ancey for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Nico Gray, Peter Kokelaar and Anthony Thornton were supported by NERC grant NE/E003206/1, and Nico Gray additionally by an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship (GR/S50052/01 and GR/S50069/01) as well as EP/I019189/1 Critical Phenomena and Collective Behaviour of MultiParticle Complex Systems. Chris Johnson acknowledges support from NERC DTG NE/G523747/1 and an EPSRC DTA. NR 47 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F01032 DI 10.1029/2011JF002185 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914IX UT WOS:000301944200003 ER PT J AU Ward, DJ Anderson, RS Haeussler, PJ AF Ward, Dylan J. Anderson, Robert S. Haeussler, Peter J. TI Scaling the Teflon Peaks: Rock type and the generation of extreme relief in the glaciated western Alaska Range SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID DENALI-FAULT-SYSTEM; SOUTHERN ALPS; NEW-ZEALAND; TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF; THEORETICAL-MODEL; MOUNTAIN BELTS; CHANNEL WIDTH; BEDROCK; EROSION; INCISION AB Parts of the Alaska Range (Alaska, USA) stand in prominent exception to the "glacial buzzsaw hypothesis," which postulates that terrain raised above the ELA is rapidly denuded by glaciers. In this paper, we discuss the role of a strong contrast in rock type in the development of this exceptional terrain. Much of the range is developed on pervasively fractured flysch, with local relief of 1000-1500 m, and mean summit elevations that are similar to modern snow line elevations. In contrast, Cretaceous and Tertiary plutons of relatively intact granite support the range's tallest mountains (including Mt. McKinley, or Denali, at 6194 m), with 2500-5000 m of local relief. The high granitic peaks protrude well above modern snow lines and support many large glaciers. We focus on the plutons of the Denali massif and the Kichatna Mountains, to the west. We use field observations, satellite photos, and digital elevation data to demonstrate how exhumation of these plutons affects glacier longitudinal profiles, the glacial drainage network, and the effectiveness of periglacial processes. In strong granite, steep, smooth valley walls are maintained by detachment of rock slabs along sheeting joints. These steep walls act as low-friction surfaces ("Teflon"), efficiently shedding snow. Simple scaling calculations show that this avalanching may greatly enhance the health of the modern glaciers. We conclude that, in places such as Denali, unusual combinations of rapid tectonic uplift and great rock strength have created the highest relief in North America by enhancing glacial erosion in the valleys while preserving the peaks. C1 [Ward, Dylan J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ward, DJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM djward@unm.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU NSF [EAR-0719902] FX Funding for this work was provided by NSF award EAR-0719902. We thank Paul O'Sullivan at Apatite to Zircon, Inc. for AFT dating support and David Shuster at Berkeley Geochronology Center for AHe analysis. We also thank Scott McCoy and Seth Dee for their courageous field efforts and insights. Guy Adema and Ben Balk helped to track down snowfall and glacier mass balance data for the western Alaska Range. We thank Greg Tucker, Lang Farmer, and Peter Molnar for comments on an early draft of this manuscript. Constructive comments at various stages by Brian Collins, Nate Bradley, Alex Densmore, Simon Brocklehurst, Bernard Hallet, and two anonymous reviewers significantly focused and improved the paper. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F01031 DI 10.1029/2011JF002068 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914IX UT WOS:000301944200001 ER PT J AU Leclaire, S Merkling, T Raynaud, C Mulard, H Bessiere, JM Lhuillier, E Hatch, SA Danchin, E AF Leclaire, Sarah Merkling, Thomas Raynaud, Christine Mulard, Herve Bessiere, Jean-Marie Lhuillier, Emeline Hatch, Scott A. Danchin, Etienne TI Semiochemical compounds of preen secretion reflect genetic make-up in a seabird species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE genetic compatibility; heterozygosity; olfactory communication; birds; black-legged kittiwake ID MAJOR-HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-COMPLEX; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; TITS CYANISTES-CAERULEUS; MATE CHOICE; KIN RECOGNITION; SEXUAL SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ODOR RECOGNITION; GLAND SECRETIONS; MHC AB Several vertebrates choose their mate according to genetic heterozygosity and relatedness, and use odour cues to assess their conspecifics' genetic make-up. In birds, although several species (including the black-legged kittiwake) exhibit non-random mating according to genetic traits, the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. The importance of olfaction in birds' social behaviour is gaining attention among researchers, and it has been suggested that, as in other vertebrates, bird body scent may convey information about genetic traits. Here, we combined gas chromatography data and genetic analyses at microsatellite loci to test whether semiochemical messages in preen secretion of kittiwakes carried information about genetic heterozygosity and relatedness. Semiochemical profile was correlated with heterozygosity in males and females, while semiochemical distance was correlated with genetic distance only in male-male dyads. Our study is the first to demonstrate a link between odour and genetics in birds, which sets the stage for the existence of sophisticated odour-based mechanisms of mate choice also in birds. C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; Merkling, Thomas; Mulard, Herve; Lhuillier, Emeline; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, ENFA, EDB Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; Merkling, Thomas; Mulard, Herve; Lhuillier, Emeline; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, Lab EDB, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Raynaud, Christine] Univ Toulouse, INPT, LCA, ENSIACET, F-31029 Toulouse, France. [Bessiere, Jean-Marie] Ecole Natl Super Chim Montpellier, F-34296 Montpellier, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, LARG, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; MERKLING, Thomas/F-4190-2011 OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850; FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) [1162]; CNRS (PIR Maladies infectieuses et environnement numero) [74164] FX We are grateful to E. Moec, B. Planade and C. Bello Marin for their help in the field. We thank C. Veyssiere for her help with genetic analyses, and G. Giacinti for her help with chemical analyses. We acknowledge the Genomic Platform of Genopole Toulouse Midi Pyrenees, where genotyping was performed. This work was supported by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV Programme 1162 SexCoMonArc), and by an interdisciplinary programme of the CNRS (PIR Maladies infectieuses et environnement numero 74164). Experiments were carried out in accordance with United States laws and with due permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1731 BP 1185 EP 1193 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.1611 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 894HF UT WOS:000300417000019 PM 21937499 ER PT J AU Aryal, A Brooks, BA Reid, ME Bawden, GW Pawlak, GR AF Aryal, Arjun Brooks, Benjamin A. Reid, Mark E. Bawden, Gerald W. Pawlak, Geno R. TI Displacement fields from point cloud data: Application of particle imaging velocimetry to landslide geodesy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUSLY MOVING LANDSLIDE; APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER; PORE-PRESSURE FEEDBACK; DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT; SURFACE; REGISTRATION; KINEMATICS; DYNAMICS; VELOCITY AB Acquiring spatially continuous ground-surface displacement fields from Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) will allow better understanding of the physical processes governing landslide motion at detailed spatial and temporal scales. Problems arise, however, when estimating continuous displacement fields from TLS point-clouds because reflecting points from sequential scans of moving ground are not defined uniquely, thus repeat TLS surveys typically do not track individual reflectors. Here, we implemented the cross-correlation-based Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method to derive a surface deformation field using TLS point-cloud data. We estimated associated errors using the shape of the cross-correlation function and tested the method's performance with synthetic displacements applied to a TLS point cloud. We applied the method to the toe of the episodically active Cleveland Corral Landslide in northern California using TLS data acquired in June 2005-January 2007 and January-May 2010. Estimated displacements ranged from decimeters to several meters and they agreed well with independent measurements at better than 9% root mean squared (RMS) error. For each of the time periods, the method provided a smooth, nearly continuous displacement field that coincides with independently mapped boundaries of the slide and permits further kinematic and mechanical inference. For the 2010 data set, for instance, the PIV-derived displacement field identified a diffuse zone of displacement that preceded by over a month the development of a new lateral shear zone. Additionally, the upslope and downslope displacement gradients delineated by the dense PIV field elucidated the non-rigid behavior of the slide. C1 [Aryal, Arjun; Brooks, Benjamin A.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 91106 USA. [Pawlak, Geno R.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Reid, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Aryal, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM aryal@hawaii.edu RI Pawlak, Geno/F-9984-2014 OI Pawlak, Geno/0000-0003-3718-1880 FU NASA FX We thank Miguel Canals of the University of Puerto Rico for introducing us to PIV methods and Michael Shulters, Dale Cox, and Sandra Bond of the USGS for their help in collection and processing of TLS data. We thank Dianne Brien of the USGS for assisting with GPS data collection. We thank Janet Becker of University of Hawaii and Rex Baum and Brian Collins of the USGS for their very helpful comments. We also thank George Hilley, two anonymous reviewers, the Associate Editor and Editor Alexander Densmore for detailed and insightful reviews that significantly improved this contribution. We are grateful to the NASA Earth Surface and Interior program for funding. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F01029 DI 10.1029/2011JF002161 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914IV UT WOS:000301944000001 ER PT J AU Werner, C Evans, WC Kelly, PJ McGimsey, R Pfeffer, M Doukas, M Neal, C AF Werner, Cynthia Evans, William C. Kelly, Peter J. McGimsey, Robert Pfeffer, Melissa Doukas, Michael Neal, Christina TI Deep magmatic degassing versus scrubbing: Elevated CO2 emissions and C/S in the lead-up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CO2; Redoubt Volcano; SO2; degassing; hydrothermal; scrubbing ID MOUNT BAKER; NEW-ZEALAND; GAS; WASHINGTON; USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; HISTORY; RUAPEHU; WATERS AB We report CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates and C/S ratios during the five months leading up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. CO2 emission rates up to 9018 t/d and C/S ratios >= 30 measured in the months prior to the eruption were critical for fully informed forecasting efforts. Observations of ice-melt rates, meltwater discharge, and water chemistry suggest that surface waters represented drainage from surficial, perched reservoirs of condensed magmatic steam and glacial meltwater. These fluids scrubbed only a few hundred tonnes/day of SO2, not the >2100 t/d SO2 expected from degassing of magma in the mid-to upper crust (3-6.5 km), where petrologic analysis shows the final magmatic equilibration occurred. All data are consistent with upflow of a CO2-rich magmatic gas for at least 5 months prior to eruption, and minimal scrubbing of SO2 by near-surface groundwater. The high C/S ratios observed could reflect bulk degassing of mid-crustal magma followed by nearly complete loss of SO2 in a deep magmatic-hydrothermal system. Alternatively, high C/S ratios could be attributed to decompressional degassing of low silica andesitic magma that intruded into the mid-crust in the 5 months prior to eruption, thereby mobilizing the preexisting high silica andesite magma or mush in this region. The latter scenario is supported by several lines of evidence, including deep long-period earthquakes (-28 to -32 km) prior to and during the eruption, and far-field deformation following the onset of eruptive activity. C1 [Werner, Cynthia; McGimsey, Robert; Neal, Christina] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Volcano Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kelly, Peter J.; Doukas, Michael] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Volcano Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Pfeffer, Melissa] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Werner, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Volcano Sci Ctr, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cwerner@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 FU USGS Volcano Science Center FX This work was supported by the USGS Volcano Science Center. The authors would like to thank Mark Huebner for water analyses, and Christoph Kern and Sandro Aiuppa for helpful reviews. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q03015 DI 10.1029/2011GC003794 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 914FV UT WOS:000301935800001 ER PT J AU Mwakanyamale, K Slater, L Day-Lewis, F Elwaseif, M Johnson, C AF Mwakanyamale, Kisa Slater, Lee Day-Lewis, Frederick Elwaseif, Mehrez Johnson, Carole TI Spatially variable stage-driven groundwater-surface water interaction inferred from time-frequency analysis of distributed temperature sensing data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; SPECTRUM AB Characterization of groundwater-surface water exchange is essential for improving understanding of contaminant transport between aquifers and rivers. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FODTS) provides rich spatiotemporal datasets for quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwatersurface water exchange. We demonstrate how time-frequency analysis of FODTS and synchronous river stage time series from the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300-Area, Richland, Washington, provides spatial information on the strength of stage-driven exchange of uranium contaminated groundwater in response to subsurface heterogeneity. Although used in previous studies, the stage-temperature correlation coefficient proved an unreliable indicator of the stage-driven forcing on groundwater discharge in the presence of other factors influencing river water temperature. In contrast, S-transform analysis of the stage and FODTS data definitively identifies the spatial distribution of discharge zones and provided information on the dominant forcing periods (>= 2 d) of the complex dam operations driving stage fluctuations and hence groundwater-surface water exchange at the 300-Area. Citation: Mwakanyamale, K., L. Slater, F. DayLewis, M. Elwaseif, and C. Johnson (2012), Spatially variable stage-driven groundwater-surface water interaction inferred from time-frequency analysis of distributed temperature sensing data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06401, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050824. C1 [Mwakanyamale, Kisa; Slater, Lee; Elwaseif, Mehrez] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick; Johnson, Carole] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Mwakanyamale, K (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 101 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM kisam@pegasus.rutgers.edu OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE - DE - FG02 - 08ER64561] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DOE - DE - FG02 - 08ER64561 with additional support from the U. S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Andy Ward, Christopher Strickland, and Jason Greenwood for field assistance. We are also grateful to Roelof Versteeg and Timothy Johnson for assistance with data storage and management. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06401 DI 10.1029/2011GL050824 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914GC UT WOS:000301936500004 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Riva-Murray, K Bradley, PM Aiken, GR Brigham, ME AF Burns, D. A. Riva-Murray, K. Bradley, P. M. Aiken, G. R. Brigham, M. E. TI Landscape controls on total and methyl Hg in the upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BOREAL FOREST CATCHMENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; ADIRONDACK LAKES; NORTHERN SWEDEN; METHYLMERCURY; FISH AB Approaches are needed to better predict spatial variation in riverine Hg concentrations across heterogeneous landscapes that include mountains, wetlands, and open waters. We applied multivariate linear regression to determine the landscape factors and chemical variables that best account for the spatial variation of total Hg (THg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in 27 sub-basins across the 493 km(2) upper Hudson River basin in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. THg concentrations varied by sixfold, and those of MeHg by 40-fold in synoptic samples collected at low-to-moderate flow, during spring and summer of 2006 and 2008. Bivariate linear regression relations of THg and MeHg concentrations with either percent wetland area or DOC concentrations were significant but could account for only about 1/3 of the variation in these Hg forms in summer. In contrast, multivariate linear regression relations that included metrics of (1) hydrogeomorphology, (2) riparian/wetland area, and (3) open water, explained about 66% to >90% of spatial variation in each Hg form in spring and summer samples. These metrics reflect the influence of basin morphometry and riparian soils on Hg source and transport, and the role of open water as a Hg sink. Multivariate models based solely on these landscape metrics generally accounted for as much or more of the variation in Hg concentrations than models based on chemical and physical metrics, and show great promise for identifying waters with expected high Hg concentrations in the Adirondack region and similar glaciated riverine ecosystems. C1 [Burns, D. A.; Riva-Murray, K.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Aiken, G. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bradley, P. M.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Brigham, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov OI Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program FX Thanks to the staff at the Adirondack Ecological Center of the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, for providing access to facilities, land, and equipment at the Huntington Wildlife Forest. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01034 DI 10.1029/2011JG001812 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 914IN UT WOS:000301943100002 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Crane, JL Watts, AW Scoggins, M Williams, ES AF Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Crane, Judy L. Watts, Alison W. Scoggins, Mateo Williams, E. Spencer TI Coal-Tar-Based Pavement Sealcoat and PAHs: Implications for the Environment, Human Health, and Stormwater Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REFERENCE LAKE-SEDIMENTS; PARKING LOT SEALCOAT; UNITED-STATES; UNRECOGNIZED SOURCE; TOXICITY; URBAN; DUST; CONTAMINANTS; SEALANTS C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Crane, Judy L.] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Watts, Alison W.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03856 USA. [Scoggins, Mateo] City Austin, Austin, TX 78767 USA. [Williams, E. Spencer] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 79798 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 45 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 3039 EP 3045 DI 10.1021/es203699x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910IK UT WOS:000301630200001 PM 22296333 ER PT J AU Smith, WK Cleveland, CC Reed, SC Miller, NL Running, SW AF Smith, W. Kolby Cleveland, Cory C. Reed, Sasha C. Miller, Norman L. Running, Steven W. TI Bioenergy Potential of the United States Constrained by Satellite Observations of Existing Productivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BIO-ENERGY; HUMAN APPROPRIATION; USE EFFICIENCY; CROP YIELDS; WATER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON; FOOD; AGRICULTURE AB United States (U.S.) energy policy indudes an expectation that bioenergy will be a substantial future energy source. In particular, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) aims to increase annual U.S. biofuel (secondary bioenergy) production by more than 3-fold, from 40,to 136 billion liters ethanol, which implies an even larger increase in biomass demand (primary energy), from roughly 2.9 to 7.4 EJ yr(-1). However, our understanding of many of the factors used to establish such energy targets is far from complete, introducing significgant uncertainty into the feasibility of current estimates of bioenergy potential. Here, we utilized satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) data measured for every 1 km(2) of the 7.2 million km(2) of vegetated land in the conterminous U.S. to estimate primary bioenergy potential (PBP). Our results indicate that PBP of the conterminous U.S. ranges from roughly 5.9 to 22.2 EJ yr(-1), depending on land use. The low end of this range represents the potential when harvesting residues only while the high end would require an annual biomass harvest over an area more than three times current U.S. agricultural extent. While EISA energy targets are theoretically achievable, we show that meeting these targets utilizing current technology would require either an 80% displacement of current crop harvest or the conversion of 60% of rangeland productivity. Accordingly, realistically constrained estimates of bioenergy potential are critical for effective incorporation of bioenergy into the national energy portfolio. C1 [Smith, W. Kolby; Running, Steven W.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Miller, Norman L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, WK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bill.smith@ntsg.umt.edu OI Smith, William/0000-0002-5785-6489 FU Energy Biosciences Institute [007J49]; NASA [NNX08AG87A]; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Group FX We thank M. Zhao for his valuable data acquisition and analysis expertise and A. Wolfe for her contributions to the initiation of this study. This work was supported by the Energy Biosciences Institute (grant 007J49), the NASA Earth Observing System MODIS project (grant NNX08AG87A), and the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Group. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 3536 EP 3544 DI 10.1021/es203935d PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910IK UT WOS:000301630200063 PM 22321165 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Creaser, RA Lowers, HA Magee, CW Grauch, RI AF Aleinikoff, John N. Creaser, Robert A. Lowers, Heather A. Magee, Charles W., Jr. Grauch, Richard I. TI Multiple age components in individual molybdenite grains SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Molybdenite; Re-Os dating; Growth episodes; Geochemical analysis ID RE-OS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; DEPOSIT; COPPER; NTIMS AB Re-Os geochronology of fractions composed of unsized, coarse, and fine molybdenite from a pod of unusual monazite-xenotime gneiss within a granulite facies paragneiss, Hudson Highlands, NY, yielded dates of 950.5 +/- 2.5, 953.8 +/- 2.6, and 941.2 +/- 2.6 Ma, respectively. These dates are not recorded by co-existing zircon, monazite, or xenotime. SEM-BSE imagery of thin sections and separated grains reveals that most molybdenite grains are composed of core and rim plates that are approximately perpendicular. Rim material invaded cores, forming irregular contacts, probably reflecting dissolution/reprecipitation. EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses show that cores and rims have different trace element concentrations (for example, cores are relatively enriched in W). On the basis of inclusions of zircon with metamorphic overgrowths, we conclude that molybdenite cones and rims formed after high-grade regional metamorphism. The discovery of cores and rims in individual molybdenite grains is analogous to multi-component U-Pb geochronometers such as zircon, monazite, and titanite; thus, molybdenite should be carefully examined before dating to ensure that the requirement of age homogeneity is fulfilled. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Aleinikoff, John N.; Lowers, Heather A.; Grauch, Richard I.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Creaser, Robert A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. [Magee, Charles W., Jr.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Magee, Charles W., Jr.] Australian Sci Instruments, Fyshwick 2609, Australia. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov OI Creaser, Robert/0000-0002-7672-035X NR 13 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 18 PY 2012 VL 300 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.011 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925LJ UT WOS:000302762400005 ER PT J AU Shah, AK Vogt, PR Rosenbaum, JG Newell, W Cronin, TM Willard, DA Hagen, RA Brozena, J Hofstra, A AF Shah, Anjana K. Vogt, Peter R. Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Newell, Wayne Cronin, Thomas M. Willard, Debra A. Hagen, Rick A. Brozena, John Hofstra, Albert TI Shipboard magnetic field "noise" reveals shallow heavy mineral sediment concentrations in Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetics; marine sediments; placer; geophysical surveys; Chesapeake Bay ID DISSOLVED TITANIUM; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; IMPACT STRUCTURE; PLACER DEPOSITS; TIDAL CURRENTS; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; NILE DELTA; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY AB Shipboard magnetic field data collected over Chesapeake Bay exhibit low-amplitude, short-wavelength anomalies that most likely indicate shallow concentrations of heavy mineral sediments. Piston core layers and black sand beach samples exhibit enhanced magnetic susceptibilities and carry remanent magnetization, with mineralogical analyses indicating ilmenite and trace magnetite and/or maghemite and hematite. The anomalies are subtle and would be filtered as noise using traditional approaches, but can instead be highlighted using spectral methods, thus providing nearly continuous coverage along survey tracks. The distribution of the anomalies provides constraints on relevant sorting mechanisms. Comparisons to sonar data and previous grab samples show that two of three areas surveyed exhibit short-wavelength anomalies that are clustered over sand-covered areas, suggesting initial sorting through settling mechanisms. This is supported by a correlation between core magnetic susceptibility and grain size. Near the Choptank River, where sediment resuspension is wave-dominated, anomalies show a sharp decrease with seafloor depth that cannot be explained by signal attenuation alone. In Pocomoke Sound, where both tidal currents and wave-action impact sediment resuspension, anomalies show a more gradual decrease with depth. Near the mouth of the bay, where there is a higher influx of sediments from the continental shelf, short-wavelength anomalies are isolated and do not appear to represent heavy mineral sand concentrations. These combined observations suggest the importance of further sorting by erosional processes in certain parts of the bay. Additionally, comparisons of these data to cores sampling pre-Holocene sediments suggest that the sorting of heavy minerals in higher energy, shallow water environments provides a mechanism for correlations between core magnetic susceptibility and sea-level changes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shah, Anjana K.; Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Hofstra, Albert] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vogt, Peter R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Newell, Wayne; Cronin, Thomas M.; Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hagen, Rick A.; Brozena, John] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ashah@usgs.gov FU NRL; USGS FX We thank Captain R. Younger of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources' R/V Kerhin for thoughtful help during the geophysical surveys. We also thank the captains and crew of the RN Marion-Dufresne and the IMAGES program and L Labeyrie, E. Michel, C Laj, and Y. Balut for coring assistance. We thank W. Benzel, R. Tripp, and W. Christiansen of the USGS, who provided XRD, XRF, and petrographic analyses. Thought-provoking discussions with R. Reynolds and V.J.S. Grauch contributed to this effort. Reviews by R. Weems, R. Jachens and J. Florsheim improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the NRL Marine Crustal Geophysics 6.1 Program and the USGS Mineral Resources, Earth Surface Dynamics, and Climate and Land Use Change Programs. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 303 BP 26 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.02.006 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 950YI UT WOS:000304687400003 ER PT J AU Kuehl, SA Ketterer, ME Miselis, JL AF Kuehl, Steven A. Ketterer, Michael E. Miselis, Jennifer L. TI Extension of Pu239+240 sediment geochronology to coarse-grained marine sediments SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment geochronology; Pu-239; ICP-MS; North Carolina; New Zealand; Shelf sands ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WASHINGTON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SHORE-OBLIQUE SANDBARS; NEW-ZEALAND; NORTH-CAROLINA; WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH; GRAVEL OUTCROPS; ACTIVE MARGIN; ACCUMULATION; RIVER AB Sediment geochronology of coastal sedimentary environments dominated by sand has been extremely limited because concentrations of natural and bomb-fallout radionuclides are often below the limit of measurement using standard techniques. ICP-MS analyses of Pu239+240 from two sites representative of traditionally challenging (i.e., low concentration) environments provide a "proof of concept" and demonstrate a new application for bomb-fallout radiotracers in the study of sandy shelf-seabed dynamics. A kasten core from the New Zealand shelf in the Southern Hemisphere (low fallout), and a vibracore from the sandy nearshore of North Carolina (low particle surface area) both reveal measurable Pu239+240 activities at depth. In the case of the New Zealand site, independently verified steady-state sedimentation results in a Pu239+240 profile that mimics the expected atmospheric fallout. The depth profile of Pu239+240 in the North Carolina core is more uniform, indicating significant sediment resuspension, which would be expected in this energetic nearshore environment. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the utility of Pu239+240 in the study of sandy environments, significantly extending the application of bomb-fallout isotopes to coarse-grained sediments, which compose the majority of nearshore regions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuehl, Steven A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Ketterer, Michael E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Miselis, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kuehl, SA (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM kuehl@vims.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0088]; US Army Research Office [DAAD19-02-1-0307]; US Geological Survey [02ERAG0034]; National Science Foundation MRI [CHE-0118604] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research award number N00014-05-1-0088 to the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). Support for vibracoring in North Carolina was provided by the US Army Research Office (grant DAAD19-02-1-0307) and the US Geological Survey (Cooperative Agreement 02ERAG0034). The authors also wish to acknowledge the crew of the VIMS' R/V Pelican, G. Browder Gray, and H. Wadman for assistance in the field. MEK acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation MRI award (CHE-0118604) for the ICPMS instrumentation. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Clark Alexander generously reviewed two versions of the manuscript, providing many constructive suggestions. Thanks also to an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 36 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.01.016 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 920TO UT WOS:000302431000007 ER PT J AU Koleszar, AM Kent, AJR Wallace, PJ Scott, WE AF Koleszar, Alison M. Kent, Adam J. R. Wallace, Paul J. Scott, William E. TI Controls on long-term low explosivity at andesitic arc volcanoes: Insights from Mount Hood, Oregon SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mount Hood; Magma mixing; Recharge; Melt inclusions; Explosivity ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; MELT INCLUSIONS; WEST-INDIES; MAGMA FRAGMENTATION; SILICIC VOLCANISM; VOLATILE CONTENTS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; LESSER ANTILLES; ERUPTION REGIME; UNZEN VOLCANO AB The factors that control the explosivity of silicic volcanoes are critical for hazard assessment, but are often poorly constrained for specific volcanic systems. Mount Hood, Oregon, is a somewhat atypical arc volcano in that it is characterized by a lack of large explosive eruptions over the entire lifetime of the current edifice (similar to 500,000 years). Erupted Mount Hood lavas are also compositionally homogeneous, with similar to 95% having SiO2 contents between 58 and 66 wt.%. The last three eruptive periods in particular have produced compositionally homogeneous andesite-dacite lava domes and flows. In this paper we report major element and volatile (H2O, CO2, Cl, S. F) contents of melt inclusions and selected phenocrysts from these three most recent eruptive phases, and use these and other data to consider possible origins for the low explosivity of Mount Hood. Measured volatile concentrations of melt inclusions in plagioclase, pyroxene, and amphibole from pumice indicate that the volatile contents of Mount Hood magmas are comparable to those in more explosive silicic arc volcanoes, including Mount St. Helens, Mount Mazama, and others, suggesting that the lack of explosive activity is unlikely to result solely from low intrinsic volatile concentrations or from substantial degassing prior to magma ascent and eruption. We instead argue that an important control over explosivity is the increased temperature and decreased magma viscosity that results from mafic recharge and magma mixing prior to eruption, similar to a model recently proposed by Ruprecht and Bachmann (2010). Erupted Mount Hood magmas show extensive evidence for mixing between magmas of broadly basaltic and dacitic-rhyolitic compositions, and mineral zoning studies show that mixing occurred immediately prior to eruption. Amphibole chemistry and thermobarometry also reveal the presence of multiple amphibole populations and indicate that the mixed andesites and dacites are at least 100 degrees C hotter than the high-SiO2 resident magma prior to mixing. Viscosity models suggest that recharge by hot, mafic magma prior to eruption can lower magmatic viscosity by at least a factor of four. Lower viscosity during ascent delays fragmentation and allows volatile escape through degassing, thus lowering the potential for explosive eruptions. These results suggest that low explosivity should be more common in volcanoes where intermediate magmas are produced through mixing of mafic and silicic magmas shortly before eruption. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Koleszar, Alison M.; Kent, Adam J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wallace, Paul J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Scott, William E.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Koleszar, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alison.koleszar@geo.oregonstate.edu; adam.kent@geo.oregonstate.edu; pwallace@uoregon.edu; wescott@usgs.gov RI Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-038421]; USGS FX We thank Andy Ungerer, Frank Tepley, Dale Burns, Dan Ruscitto, Nobu Shimizu, and Andrey Gurenko for analytical assistance. This manuscript benefited greatly from stimulating discussions with Cynthia Gardner and members of the VIPER group at OSU, and from insightful reviews by Wendy Bohrson, Olivier Bachmann, Heather Wright, and Cynthia Werner. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-038421 to AJRK and a USGS Kleinman grant to AMK. NR 99 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 219 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.003 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922YY UT WOS:000302586100001 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Radke, LF Heffern, EL O'Keefe, JMK Flower, JC Smeltzer, CD Hower, JM Olea, RA Eatwell, RJ Blake, DR Emsbo-Mattingly, SD Stout, SA Queen, G Aggen, KL Kolker, A Prakash, A Henke, KR Stracher, GB Schroeder, PA Roman-Colon, Y ter Schure, A AF Engle, Mark A. Radke, Lawrence F. Heffern, Edward L. O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K. Flower, James C. Smeltzer, Charles D. Hower, Judith M. Olea, Ricardo A. Eatwell, Robert J. Blake, Donald R. Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D. Stout, Scott A. Queen, Gerald Aggen, Kerry L. Kolker, Allan Prakash, Anupma Henke, Kevin R. Stracher, Glenn B. Schroeder, Paul A. Roman-Colon, Yomayra ter Schure, Arnout TI Gas emissions, minerals, and tars associated with three coal fires, Powder River Basin, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Greenhouse gas; Spontaneous combustion; Mercury; Emissions; Remote sensing; Coal fires ID EASTERN KENTUCKY; PAH SOURCE; HYDROCARBONS; COMBUSTION; RATIOS AB Ground-based surveys of three coal fires and airborne surveys of two of the fires were conducted near Sheridan. Wyoming. The fires occur in natural outcrops and in abandoned mines, all containing Paleocene-age subbituminous coals. Diffuse (carbon dioxide (CO2) only) and vent (CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), methane, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and elemental mercury) emission estimates were made for each of the fires. Additionally, gas samples were collected for volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis and showed a large range in variation between vents. The fires produce locally dangerous levels of CO, CO2, H2S, and benzene, among other gases. At one fire in an abandoned coal mine, trends in gas and tar composition followed a change in topography. Total CO2 fluxes for the fires from airborne, ground-based, and rate of fire advancement estimates ranged from 0.9 to 780 mg/s/m(2) and are comparable to other coal fires worldwide. Samples of tar and coal-fire minerals collected from the mouth of vents provided insight into the behavior and formation of the coal fires. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Olea, Ricardo A.; Kolker, Allan; Roman-Colon, Yomayra] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Radke, Lawrence F.] Univ Washington, Cloud & Aerosol Res Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Radke, Lawrence F.; Eatwell, Robert J.] Airborne Res Consultants, Saunderstown, RI 02875 USA. [Heffern, Edward L.] US Bur Land Management, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K.] Morehead State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. [Hower, Judith M.; Henke, Kevin R.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Smeltzer, Charles D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hower, Judith M.] Geomed Associates, Lexington, KY 40503 USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D.; Stout, Scott A.] NewFields Environm Forens, Rockland, MA 02370 USA. [Queen, Gerald; Aggen, Kerry L.] US Bur Land Management, Buffalo, WY 82834 USA. [Prakash, Anupma] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stracher, Glenn B.] E Georgia Coll, Swainsboro, GA 30401 USA. [Schroeder, Paul A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov RI Smeltzer, Charles/B-2404-2013; OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the Electric Power Research Institute, the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey Venture Capital Fund. Jack Smith of the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality provided significant input and information on coal fires in the area. Deborah Bergfeld (USGS) and Matthew Varonka (USGS) provided critical evaluation and feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. Sue Tewalt and Debbie Carter (both USGS) are acknowledged with finding and providing historical coal chemistry data. Robert Finkelman (University of Texas at Dallas) is acknowledged for his efforts and contributions in bringing together many of the collaborators of this research. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.037 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200016 PM 22326311 ER PT J AU Lozano, N Rice, CP Pagano, J Zintek, L Barber, LB Murphy, EW Nettesheim, T Minarik, T Schoenfuss, HL AF Lozano, Nuria Rice, Clifford P. Pagano, James Zintek, Larry Barber, Larry B. Murphy, Elizabeth W. Nettesheim, Todd Minarik, Tom Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Concentration of organic contaminants in fish and their biological effects in a wastewater-dominated urban stream SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Alkylphenol ethoxylates; Endocrine effects; Persistent pollutants; Fish residues; Nonylphenol ethoxylates ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; P-NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; ALKYLPHENOL-ETHOXYLATES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CUYAHOGA RIVER AB Data are presented on the concentrations of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and persistent organic compounds in largemouth bass collected from a waste-water dominated stream in downtown Chicago. The fish residue concentrations of APES are compared to concentrations of the APEs in the water that were collected at weekly intervals over two months bracketing the fall (2006) and a spring (2007) fish collection. The concentrations of APEs were significantly higher in the spring-collected fish (5.42 mu g/g) versus the fall (0.99 mu g/g) tand these differences were shared by differences in the water concentrations (spring - 11.47 versus fall - 3.44 mu g/L). The differences in water concentration were negatively correlated with water temperatures observed over the two sampling times. Fish residue concentrations of persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PBDEs, toxaphene, and many legacy pesticides including the DDT family) did not vary from fall to spring. Some of these residue concentrations were comparable to the highest NPE (nonylphenol ethoxylate) homologue concentrations, e.g. NP1EO was 3.5 mu g/g in the bass for the spring, the PBDE-congener 47 and p,p'-DDE averaged 1.0 mu g/g and 0.5 mu g/g, respectively, over both seasons. All the other persistent single-analyte concentrations were lower. Biological endpoints for endocrine effects measured in the same fish showed that there was an apparent positive correlation for physiological effects based on increased vitellogenin levels in males versus concentration of NPEs; however there were no observable histological differences in fall versus spring fish samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lozano, Nuria; Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lozano, Nuria] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pagano, James] SUNY Coll Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Zintek, Larry] US EPA, Chicago Reg Lab, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Murphy, Elizabeth W.; Nettesheim, Todd] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Minarik, Tom] Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL 60804 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Clifford.Rice@ars.usda.gov FU Region V, EPA FX Thanks go out to Peter Howe for all his continuing support of this type of research while employed by Region V, EPA. Also contributions from Chiara Zuccarino-Crowe need to be acknowledged as well as the amazing team effort that was involved in bringing all of this research to completion. Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200020 PM 22341470 ER PT J AU Aranda, S Borrok, DM Wanty, RB Balistrieri, LS AF Aranda, Suzan Borrok, David M. Wanty, Richard B. Balistrieri, Laurie S. TI Zinc isotope investigation of surface and pore waters in a mountain watershed impacted by acid rock drainage SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Isotope; ARD; AMD; Metal ID CLEAR CREEK COUNTY; MINE DRAINAGE; TRACER-INJECTION; ANTHROPOGENIC CONTAMINATION; RIVER WATER; FRACTIONATION; COLORADO; ZN; STREAM; COPPER AB The pollution of natural waters with metals derived from the oxidation of sulfide minerals like pyrite is a global environmental problem. However, the metal loading pathways and transport mechanisms associated with acid rock drainage reactions are often difficult to characterize using bulk chemical data alone. In this study, we evaluated the use of zinc (Zn) isotopes to complement traditional geochemical tools in the investigation of contaminated waters at the former Waldorf mining site in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A. Geochemical signatures and statistical analysis helped in identifying two primary metal loading pathways at the Waldorf site. The first was characterized by a circumneutral pH, high alkalinity, and high Zn/Cd ratios. The second was characterized by acidic pHs and low Zn/Cd ratios. Zinc isotope signatures in surface water samples collected across the site were remarkably similar (the delta Zn-66, relative to JMC 3-0749-L for most samples ranged from 0.20 to 0.30 parts per thousand +/- 0.09 parts per thousand 2 sigma). This probably suggests that the ultimate source of Zn is consistent across the Waldorf site, regardless of the metal loading pathway. The delta Zn-66 of pore water samples collected within a nearby metal-impacted wetland area, however, were more variable, ranging from 0.20 to 0.80 parts per thousand +/- 0.09 parts per thousand 2 sigma. Here the Zn isotopes seemed to reflect differences in groundwater flow pathways. However, a host of secondary processes might also have impacted Zn isotopes, including adsorption of Zn onto soil components, complexation of Zn with dissolved organic matter, uptake of Zn into plants, and the precipitation of Zn during the formation of reduced sulfur species. Zinc isotope analysis proved useful in this study; however, the utility of this isotopic tool would improve considerably with the addition of a comprehensive experimental foundation for interpreting the complex isotopic relationships found in soil pore waters. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aranda, Suzan; Borrok, David M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Wanty, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Borrok, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM dborrok@utep.edu FU NSF [0838120]; USGS FX Work was supported by the NSF grant 0838120 and the USGS Mineral Resources Program. We appreciate the comments from two anonymous reviewers and the guidance of executive editor, Dr. John Farmer. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914ZA UT WOS:000301991200021 PM 22326318 ER PT J AU Duhnforth, M Anderson, RS Ward, DJ Blum, A AF Duehnforth, Miriam Anderson, Robert S. Ward, Dylan J. Blum, Alex TI Unsteady late Pleistocene incision of streams bounding the Colorado Front Range from measurements of meteoric and in situ Be-10 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NEW-ZEALAND; FLUVIAL TERRACES; EROSION RATES; HALF-LIFE; RIVER; CLIMATE; AL-26; AGE AB Dating of gravel-capped strath terraces in basins adjacent to western U. S. Laramide Ranges is one approach to document the history of late Cenozoic fluvial exhumation. We use in situ Be-10 measurements to date the broad surfaces adjacent to the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, and compare these calculated ages with results from meteoric Be-10 measurements. We analyze three sites near Boulder, Colorado (Gunbarrel Hill, Table Mountain, and Pioneer) that have been mapped as the oldest terrace surfaces with suggested ages ranging from 640 ka to the Plio-Pleistocene transition. Our in situ Be-10 results reveal abandonment ages of 95 +/- (9)(12) ka at Table Mountain, 175 +/- 27 ka at Pioneer, and ages of 251 +/- 10 ka and 307 +/- 15 ka at Gunbarrel Hill. All are far younger than previously thought. Inventories of meteoric Be-10 support this interpretation, yielding ages that are comparable to Table Mountain and similar to 20% lower than Pioneer in situ ages. We argue that lateral beveling by rivers dominated during protracted times of even moderate glacial climate, and that vertical incision rates of several mm/yr likely occurred during times of very low sediment supply during the few interglacials that were characterized by particularly warm climate conditions. In contrast to the traditional age chronology in the area, our ages suggest that the deep exhumation of the western edge the High Plains occurred relatively recently and at an unsteady pace. C1 [Duehnforth, Miriam; Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Duehnforth, Miriam] Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. [Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ward, Dylan J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Blum, Alex] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Duhnforth, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM miriam.duehnforth@lmu.de FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0724960] FX We acknowledge Hank Loescher and Ted Hehn from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and Pioneer Sand Co. for access to their sites, and for their cooperation during our field campaigns. We would like to thank Zack Guido for his help in the lab with sample processing. We thank Pete Birkeland and Dave Dethier for discussion of the results. In addition, we thank Marc Caffee and his colleagues at PRIME Lab. We also thank the Editor, the Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments that significantly improved the original manuscript. M. Duhnforth and R.S. Anderson were supported in this work by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0724960 (the Boulder Creek CZO). NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F01023 DI 10.1029/2011JF002232 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 910UD UT WOS:000301667400001 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Brown, T Hultine, KR van Riper, C Bean, DW Dennison, PE Murray, RS Glenn, EP AF Nagler, Pamela L. Brown, Tim Hultine, Kevin R. van Riper, Charles, III Bean, Daniel W. Dennison, Philip E. Murray, R. Scott Glenn, Edward P. TI Regional scale impacts of Tamarix leaf beetles (Diorhabda carinulata) on the water availability of western US rivers as determined by multi-scale remote sensing methods SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Water salvage; Evapotranspiration; Biocontrol; Saltcedar; Riparian vegetation; MODIS; Landsat; Phenocam ID MODIS VEGETATION INDEXES; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FOREST; DEFOLIATION; PINE; SPP.; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Tamarix leaf beetles (Diorhabda carinulata) have been widely released on western U.S. rivers to control introduced shrubs in the genus Tamarix. Part of the motivation to control Tamarix is to salvage water for human use. Information is needed on the impact of beetles on Tamarix seasonal leaf production and subsequent water use over wide areas and multiple cycles of annual defoliation. Here we combine ground data with high resolution phenocam imagery and moderate resolution (Landsat) and coarser resolution (MODIS) satellite imagery to test the effects of beetles on Tamarix evapotranspiration (ET) and leaf phenology at sites on six western rivers. Satellite imagery covered the period 2000 to 2011) which encompassed years before and after beetle release at each study site. Phenocam images showed that beetles reduced green leaf cover of individual canopies by about 30% during a 6-8 week period in summer, but plants produced new leaves after beetles became dormant in August, and over three years no net reduction in peak summer leaf production was noted. ET was estimated by vegetation index methods, and both Landsat and MODIS analyses showed that beetles reduced ET markedly in the first year of defoliation, but ET recovered in subsequent years. Over all six sites, ET decreased by 14% to 15% by Landsat and MODIS estimates, respectively. However, results were variable among sites, ranging from no apparent effect on ET to substantial reduction in ET. Baseline ET rates before defoliation were low, 394 mm yr(-1) by Landsat and 314 mm yr(-1) by MODIS estimates (20-25% of potential ET), further constraining the amount of water that could be salvaged. Beetle-Tamarix interactions are in their early stage of development on this continent and it is too soon to predict the eventual extent to which Tamarix populations will be reduced. The utility of remote sensing methods for monitoring defoliation was constrained by the small area covered by each phenocam image, the low temporal resolution of Landsat, and the low spatial resolution of MODIS imagery. Even combined image sets did not adequately reveal the details of the defoliation process, and remote sensing data should be combined with ground observations to develop operational monitoring protocols. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.; van Riper, Charles, III] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Brown, Tim] TimeScience, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. [Bean, Daniel W.] Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade, CO USA. [Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Murray, R. Scott; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov; tim@time-science.com; kevin.hultine@nau.edu; charles_van_riper@usgs.gov; dan.bean@ag.state.co.us; dennison@geog.utah.edu; eglenn@ag.arizona.edu OI Brown, Tim/0000-0002-4735-9526; Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU USGS Southwest Biological Science Center FX This work was funded by USGS Southwest Biological Science Center. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.011 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895SW UT WOS:000300517700021 ER PT J AU Perkins, KS Nimmo, JR Medeiros, AC AF Perkins, K. S. Nimmo, J. R. Medeiros, A. C. TI Effects of native forest restoration on soil hydraulic properties, Auwahi, Maui, Hawaiian Islands SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Over historic time Hawai'i's dryland forests have been largely replaced by grasslands for grazing livestock. On-going efforts have been undertaken to restore dryland forests to bring back native species and reduce erosion. The reestablishment of native ecosystems on land severely degraded by long-term alternative use requires reversal of the impacts of erosion, organic-matter loss, and soil structural damage on soil hydraulic properties. This issue is perhaps especially critical in dryland forests where the soil must facilitate native plants' optimal use of limited water. These reforestation efforts depend on restoring soil ecological function, including soil hydraulic properties. We hypothesized that reforestation can measurably change soil hydraulic properties over restoration timescales. At a site on the island of Maui (Hawai'i, USA), we measured infiltration capacity, hydrophobicity, and abundance of preferential flow channels in a deforested grassland and in an adjacent area where active reforestation has been going on for fourteen years. Compared to the nearby deforested rangeland, mean field-saturated hydraulic conductivity in the newly restored forest measured by 55 infiltrometer tests was greater by a factor of 2.0. Hydrophobicity on an 8-point scale increased from average category 6.0 to 6.9. A 4-point empirical categorization of preferentiality in subsurface wetting patterns increased from an average 1.3 in grasslands to 2.6 in the restored forest. All of these changes act to distribute infiltrated water faster and deeper, as appropriate for native plant needs. This study indicates that vegetation restoration can lead to ecohydrologically important changes in soil hydraulic properties over decadal time scales. Citation: Perkins, K. S., J. R. Nimmo, and A. C. Medeiros (2012), Effects of native forest restoration on soil hydraulic properties, Auwahi, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05405, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051120. C1 [Perkins, K. S.; Nimmo, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 95119 USA. [Medeiros, A. C.] US Geol Survey, Haleakala Natl Pk Field Stn, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. RP Perkins, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-421, Menlo Pk, CA 95119 USA. EM kperkins@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L05405 DI 10.1029/2012GL051120 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 910UE UT WOS:000301667500002 ER PT J AU Graydon, JA St Louis, VL Lindberg, SE Sandilands, KA Rudd, JWM Kelly, CA Harris, R Tate, MT Krabbenhoft, DP Emmerton, CA Asmath, H Richardson, M AF Graydon, Jennifer A. St Louis, Vincent L. Lindberg, Steve E. Sandilands, Ken A. Rudd, John W. M. Kelly, Carol A. Harris, Reed Tate, Michael T. Krabbenhoft, Dave P. Emmerton, Craig A. Asmath, Hamish Richardson, Murray TI The role of terrestrial vegetation in atmospheric Hg deposition: Pools and fluxes of spike and ambient Hg from the METAALICUS experiment SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID STABLE MERCURY ISOTOPES; METHYL MERCURY; EXPERIMENTAL LAKES; FOREST CANOPY; BOREAL; METHYLMERCURY; CANADA; ECOSYSTEMS; LITTERFALL; CATCHMENT AB As part of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loading in Canada and the U. S. (METAALICUS), different stable Hg(II) isotope spikes were applied to the upland and wetland areas of a boreal catchment between 2001 and 2006 to examine retention of newly deposited Hg(II). In the present study, a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based approach was used to quantify canopy and ground vegetation pools of experimentally applied upland and wetland spike Hg within the METAALICUS watershed over the terrestrial loading phase of the experiment. A chemical kinetic model was also used to describe the changes in spike Hg concentrations of canopy and ground vegetation over time. An examination of the fate of spike Hg initially present on canopy vegetation using a mass balance approach indicated that the largest percentage flux from the canopy over one year post-spray was emission to the atmosphere (upland: 45%; wetland: 71%), followed by litterfall (upland: 14%; wetland: 10%) and throughfall fluxes (upland: 12%; wetland: 9%) and longer term retention of spike in the forest canopy (11% for both upland and wetland). Average half-lives (t(1/2)) of spike on deciduous (110 +/- 30 days) and coniferous (180 +/- 40 days) canopy and ground vegetation (890 +/- 620 days) indicated that retention of new atmospheric Hg(II) on terrestrial (especially ground) vegetation delays downward transport of new atmospheric Hg(II) into the soil profile and runoff into lakes. C1 [Graydon, Jennifer A.; St Louis, Vincent L.; Emmerton, Craig A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Lindberg, Steve E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sandilands, Ken A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Rudd, John W. M.; Kelly, Carol A.] R&K Res Inc, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. [Harris, Reed] Reed Harris Environm Ltd, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. [Tate, Michael T.; Krabbenhoft, Dave P.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Asmath, Hamish] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Richardson, Murray] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Graydon, JA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM jgraydon@ualberta.ca RI Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; Emmerton, Craig/G-2900-2013; St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN); Canadian Circumpolar Institute; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Alberta Heritage Fund; University of Alberta; EPA STAR [RD833378010] FX Contribution 36 of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loading in Canada and the United States (METAALICUS). We thank summer students Shawn Harriman, Jasmin Finch, Joanna Januszkiewicz, Eric Ong, Sarah Downey, and Linnea Mowat. We also greatly appreciate field and laboratory help from Justin Shead, Brian Dimock, Sara Berkel, Z McLatcher, Po Yee Chan, April Zembal, and Caroline Lee. Tarmo Remmel provided hemispherical photographs of the canopy for LAI measurements. This project was funded through grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN), Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Alberta Heritage Fund, and the University of Alberta. S.E.L. was supported in part by EPA STAR grant RD833378010. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB1022 DI 10.1029/2011GB004031 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910UP UT WOS:000301668800001 ER PT J AU Espinoza, EO Scanlan, MD McClure, PJ Baker, BW AF Espinoza, Edgard O. Scanlan, Michael D. McClure, Pamela J. Baker, Barry W. TI Forensic analysis of black coral (Order Antipatharia) SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Black coral; FTIR; Discriminate analysis; XRF; Artificial substitute; Wildlife forensic ID SKELETON COELENTERATA; INORGANIC COMPONENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; CNIDARIA AB Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), discriminate analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and stereoscopic microscopy were used to separate black coral forensic evidence items from similarly appearing items manufactured from plastics, bovid keratin, and mangrove wood. In addition, novel observations were made of bromine and iodine relationships in black coral that have not been previously reported. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Espinoza, Edgard O.; Scanlan, Michael D.; McClure, Pamela J.; Baker, Barry W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Espinoza, EO (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM Ed_Espinoza@fws.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAR 10 PY 2012 VL 216 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.08.021 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 899SR UT WOS:000300837000012 PM 21925814 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Liu, SG Tieszen, LL Suyker, AE Verma, SB AF Singh, Ramesh K. Liu, Shuguang Tieszen, Larry L. Suyker, Andrew E. Verma, Shashi B. TI Novel approach for computing photosynthetically active radiation for productivity modeling using remotely sensed images in the Great Plains, United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE gross primary production; light use efficiency; photosynthetic active radiation ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; MODIS ATMOSPHERE PRODUCTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TERRESTRIAL GROSS; SOLAR-RADIATION AB Gross primary production (GPP) is a key indicator of ecosystem performance, and helps in many decision-making processes related to environment. We used the Eddy covariance-light use efficiency (EC-LUE) model for estimating GPP in the Great Plains, United States in order to evaluate the performance of this model. We developed a novel algorithm for computing the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) based on net radiation. A strong correlation (R-2 = 0.94, N = 24) was found between daily PAR and Landsat-based mid-day instantaneous net radiation. Though the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) based instantaneous net radiation was in better agreement (R-2 = 0.98; N = 24) with the daily measured PAR, there was no statistical significant difference between Landsat based PAR and MODIS based PAR. The EC-LUE model validation also confirms the need to consider biological attributes (C-3 versus C-4 plants) for potential light use efficiency. A universal potential light use efficiency is unable to capture the spatial variation of GPP. It is necessary to use C-3 and C-4 based land use/land cover map for using EC-LUE model for estimating spatiotemporal distribution of GPP. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063522] C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, AASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Suyker, Andrew E.; Verma, Shashi B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, AASRC Res & Technol Solut, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G08PC91508]; U.S. Geological Survey through the Geographic Analysis and Mapping (GAM); Land Remote Sensing (LRS) programs FX This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contract G08PC91508 with support from the Mendenhall Program of the U.S. Geological Survey through the Geographic Analysis and Mapping (GAM) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) programs. We are thankful to our colleagues, Kevin Gallo and Bruce Wylie for reviewing the initial draft of this manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of weather data from the High Plains Regional Climate Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063522 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063522 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 916QV UT WOS:000302119200001 ER PT J AU Miselis, JL Holland, KT Reed, AH Abelev, A AF Miselis, Jennifer L. Holland, K. Todd Reed, Allen H. Abelev, Andrei TI Use of vertical temperature gradients for prediction of tidal flat sediment characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MUDDY INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SANDS; KOREA AB Sediment characteristics largely govern tidal flat morphologic evolution; however, conventional methods of investigating spatial variability in lithology on tidal flats are difficult to employ in these highly dynamic regions. In response, a series of laboratory experiments was designed to investigate the use of temperature diffusion toward sediment characterization. A vertical thermistor array was used to quantify temperature gradients in simulated tidal flat sediments of varying compositions. Thermal conductivity estimates derived from these arrays were similar to measurements from a standard heated needle probe, which substantiates the thermistor methodology. While the thermal diffusivities of dry homogeneous sediments were similar, diffusivities for saturated homogeneous sediments ranged approximately one order of magnitude. The thermal diffusivity of saturated sand was five times the thermal diffusivity of saturated kaolin and more than eight times the thermal diffusivity of saturated bentonite. This suggests that vertical temperature gradients can be used for distinguishing homogeneous saturated sands from homogeneous saturated clays and perhaps even between homogeneous saturated clay types. However, experiments with more realistic tidal flat mixtures were less discriminating. Relationships between thermal diffusivity and percent fines for saturated mixtures varied depending upon clay composition, indicating that clay hydration and/or water content controls thermal gradients. Furthermore, existing models for the bulk conductivity of sediment mixtures were improved only through the use of calibrated estimates of homogeneous end-member conductivity and water content values. Our findings suggest that remotely sensed observations of water content and thermal diffusivity could only be used to qualitatively estimate tidal flat sediment characteristics. C1 [Miselis, Jennifer L.; Holland, K. Todd; Reed, Allen H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Abelev, Andrei] USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Miselis, Jennifer L.; Holland, K. Todd; Reed, Allen H.] USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Miselis, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM todd.holland@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [0601153N] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) (Program Element 0601153N). The authors also wish to thank T. Kooney (NRL-Stennis Space Center (SSC)) for his assistance with needle probe measurements. Finally, discussions with M. Richardson (NRL-SSC) and P. Valent (NRL-SSC) significantly contributed to the final experimental design. Reviews of the submitted manuscript by J. Thomson and A. Revil were very helpful. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C03012 DI 10.1029/2011JC007566 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 908FX UT WOS:000301477400002 ER PT J AU Lu, YH Liu, SG Fu, BJ AF Lu, Yihe Liu, Shuguang Fu, Bojie TI Ecosystem Service: From Virtual Reality to Ground Truth SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lu, Yihe; Fu, Bojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, POB 934, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM lyh@rcees.ac.cn RI Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2492 EP 2493 DI 10.1021/es300475w PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700004 PM 22369274 ER PT J AU Wetherbee, GA Gay, DA Debey, TM Lehmann, CMB Nilles, MA AF Wetherbee, Gregory A. Gay, David A. Debey, Timothy M. Lehmann, Christopher M. B. Nilles, Mark A. TI Wet Deposition of Fission-Product Isotopes to North America from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Incident, March 2011 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; DRY DEPOSITION; FALLOUT; CS-137; I-131; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSPORT; CESIUM; SOILS AB Using the infrastructure of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), numerous measurements of radionuclide wet deposition over North America were made for 167 NADP sites before and after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station incident of March 12, 2011. For the period from March 8 through April 5, 2011, wet-only precipitation samples were collected by NADP and analyzed for fission-product isotopes within whole-water and filterable solid samples by the United States Geological Survey using gamma spectrometry. Variable amounts of I-131, Cs-134, or Cs-137 were measured at approximately 21% of sampled NADP sites distributed widely across the contiguous United States and Alaska. Calculated 1- to 2-week individual radionuclide deposition fluxes ranged from 0.47 to 5100 Becquerels per square meter during the sampling period. Wet deposition activity was small compared to measured activity already present in U.S. soil. NADP networks responded to this complex disaster, and provided scientifically valid measurements that are comparable and complementary to other networks in North America and Europe. C1 [Wetherbee, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Gay, David A.; Lehmann, Christopher M. B.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Debey, Timothy M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Reactor Facil, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nilles, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wetherbee, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 401,Bldg 95,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wetherbe@usgs.gov FU NADP; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-39134-19508] FX The NADP (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu) is National Research Support Project 3: A Long-Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition, located at the University of Illinois' Prairie Research Institute. More than 240 sponsors support the NADP, including: State Agricultural Experiment Stations; universities; private companies and other nongovernmental organizations; Canadian government agencies; state, local, and tribal government organizations; and federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (under agreement no. 2008-39134-19508). Any findings or conclusions in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or other sponsors. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2574 EP 2582 DI 10.1021/es203217u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700016 PM 22356354 ER PT J AU Graham, AM Aiken, GR Gilmour, CC AF Graham, Andrew M. Aiken, George R. Gilmour, Cynthia C. TI Dissolved Organic Matter Enhances Microbial Mercury Methylation Under Sulfidic Conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS ND132; SEDIMENT PORE WATERS; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BIOAVAILABILITY; BACTERIA; NANOPARTICLES; CARBON; HG(II); PRECIPITATION AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is generally thought to lower metal bioavailability in aquatic systems due to the formation of metal DOM complexes that reduce free metal ion concentrations. However, this model may not be pertinent for metal nanoparticles, which are now understood to be ubiquitous, sometimes dominant, metal species in the environment. The influence of DOM on Hg bioavailability to microorganisms was examined under conditions (0.5-5.0 nM Hg and 2-10 mu M sulfide) that favor the formation of beta-HgS(s) (metacinnabar) nanoparticles. We used the methylation of stable-isotope enriched (HgCl2)-Hg-201 by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132 in short-term washed cell assays as a sensitive, environmentally significant proxy for Hg uptake. Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Williams Lake hydrophobic acid (WLHPoA) substantially enhanced (2- to 38-fold) the bioavailability of Hg to ND132 over a wide range of Hg/DOM ratios (9.4 pmol/mg DOM to 9.4 nmol/mg DOM), including environmentally relevant ratios. Methylmercury (MeHg) production by ND132 increased linearly with either SRHA or WLHPoA concentration, but SRHA, a terrestrially derived DOM, was far more effective at enhancing Hg-methylation than WLHPoA, an aquatic DOM dominated by autochthonous sources. No DOM-dependent enhancement in Hg methylation was observed in Hg-DOM-sulfide solutions amended with sufficient L-cysteine to prevent beta-HgS(s) formation. We hypothesize that small HgS particles, stabilized against aggregation by DOM, are bioavailable to Hg-methylating bacteria. Our laboratory experiments provide a mechanism for the positive correlations between DOC and MeHg production observed in many aquatic sediments and wetland soils. C1 [Graham, Andrew M.; Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Graham, AM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM grahaman@si.edu RI Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, through Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB0351050]; Smithsonian Institution FX We thank A. Bullock, A. Maizel, G. Riedel, T. Bell, K. Butler, and B. Poulin for laboratory assistance and C. Gerbig for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, through the Mercury Science Focus Area Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, by U.S. National Science Foundation grant DEB0351050 to A. Heyes and C. Gilmour, and by the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems and Toxics Substances Hydrology Programs. A.M.G. acknowledges support from the Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 43 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 24 U2 181 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2715 EP 2723 DI 10.1021/es203658f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700033 PM 22309093 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Bradford, SA Harvey, RW Gao, B Cang, L Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Bradford, Scott A. Harvey, Ronald W. Gao, Bin Cang, Long Zhou, Dongmei TI Humic Acid Facilitates the Transport of ARS-Labeled Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Iron Oxyhydroxide-Coated Sand SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; ALIZARIN-RED-S; COLLOID TRANSPORT; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; IONIC STRENGTHS; DEPOSITION; CU; ADSORPTION; ATTACHMENT AB Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP) have been widely used to remediate soil and wastewater contaminated with metals and radionuclides. However, our understanding of nHAP transport and fate is limited in natural environments that exhibit significant variability in solid and solution chemistry. The transport and retention kinetics of Alizarin red S (ARS)-labeled nHAP were investigated in water-saturated packed columns that encompassed a range of humic acid concentrations (HA, 0-10 mg L-1), fractional surface coverage of iron oxyhydroxide coatings on sand grains (lambda, 0-0.75), and pH (6.0-10.5). HA was found to have a marked effect on the electrokinetic properties of ARS-nHAP, and on the transport and retention of ARS-nHAP in granular media. The transport of ARS-nHAP was found to increase with increasing HA concentration because of enhanced colloidal stability and the reduced aggregate size. When HA = 10 mg L-1, greater ARS-nHAP attachment occurred with increasing 16 lambda A because of increased electrostatic attraction between negatively charged nanoparticles and positively charged iron oxyhydroxides, although alkaline conditions (pH 8.0 and 10.5) reversed the surface charge of the iron oxyhydroxides and therefore decreased deposition. The retention profiles of ARS-nHAP exhibited a hyperexponential shape for all test conditions, suggesting some unfavorable attachment conditions. Retarded breakthrough curves occurred in sands with iron oxyhydroxide coatings because of time-dependent occupation of favorable deposition sites. Consideration of the above effects is necessary to improve remediation efficiency of nHAP for metals and actinides in soils and subsurface environments. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Cang, Long; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Bradford, Scott A.] Agr Res Serv, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gao, Bin] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wang, Dengjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, 71 E Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Dengjun/H-3171-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013; Cang, Long/D-1155-2015; Gao, Bin/B-8027-2010 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503; Gao, Bin/0000-0003-3769-0191 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125007]; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture [Y052010027] FX We acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125007) and Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y052010027). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 15 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2738 EP 2745 DI 10.1021/es203784u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700036 PM 22316080 ER PT J AU Yang, YY Gray, JL Furlong, ET Davis, JG ReVello, RC Borch, T AF Yang, Yun-Ya Gray, James L. Furlong, Edward T. Davis, Jessica G. ReVello, Rhiannon C. Borch, Thomas TI Steroid Hormone Runoff from Agricultural Test Plots Applied with Municipal Biosolids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; POULTRY LITTER; SWINE MANURE; ESTROGENIC HORMONES; TREATMENT SYSTEMS; TREATMENT PLANTS; SPAWNING FISH; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; TESTOSTERONE; FATE AB The potential presence of steroid hormones in runoff from sites where biosolids have been used as agricultural fertilizers is an environmental concern. A study was conducted to assess the potential for runoff of seventeen different hormones and two sterols, including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens from agricultural test plots. The field containing the test plots had been applied with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. Target compounds were isolated by solid-phase extraction (water samples) and pressurized solvent extraction (solid samples), derivatized, and analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Runoff samples collected prior to biosolids application had low concentrations of two hormones (estrone <0.8 to 2.23 ng L-1 and androstenedione <0.8 to 1.54 ng L-1) and cholesterol (22.5 +/- 3.8 mu g L-1). In contrast, significantly higher concentrations of multiple estrogens (<0.8 to 25.0 ng L-1), androgens (<2 to 216 ng L-1), and progesterone (<8 to 98.9 ng L-1) were observed in runoff samples taken 1, 8, and 35 days after biosolids application. A significant positive correlation was observed between antecedent rainfall amount and hormone mass loads (runoff). Hormones in runoff were primarily present in the dissolved phase (<0.7-mu m GF filter), and, to a lesser extent bound to the suspended-particle phase. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize hormones from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters or redistributed to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. Although concentrations decrease over time, 35 days is insufficient for complete degradation of hormones in soil at this site. C1 [Yang, Yun-Ya; Davis, Jessica G.; Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gray, James L.; Furlong, Edward T.; ReVello, Rhiannon C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Davis, Jessica G.] Colorado State Univ, Inst Livestock & Environm, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Borch, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM thomas.borch@colostate.edu RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012; Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013; Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008 OI Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613 FU Colorado Water Institute (CWI); National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 0847683]; USGS FX This research was supported by the Colorado Water Institute (CWI) and, in part, by a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award (EAR 0847683) to T.B. Support also was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Emerging Contaminant Project. We thank Dana Kolpin (USGS), Tracy Yager (USGS), William Foreman (USGS), Corey Stephens (USGS), Jeff Writer (USGS), Adriane Elliott (CSU), and Kathy Doesken (CSU) for their invaluable technical assistance. We also thank Mr. Doug Lingo for the access to his farm. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in the paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2746 EP 2754 DI 10.1021/es203896t PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700037 PM 22283735 ER PT J AU Hale, SE Lehmann, J Rutherford, D Zimmerman, AR Bachmann, RT Shitumbanuma, V O'Toole, A Sundqvist, KL Arp, HPH Cornelissen, G AF Hale, Sarah E. Lehmann, Johannes Rutherford, David Zimmerman, Andrew R. Bachmann, Robert T. Shitumbanuma, Victor O'Toole, Adam Sundqvist, Kristina L. Arp, Hans Peter H. Cornelissen, Gerard TI Quantifying the Total and Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Dioxins in Biochars SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; PORE-WATER CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BLACK CARBON; IMPACTED SEDIMENTS; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; BALTIC SEA; PYROLYSIS; SORPTION; SOILS AB Biochar soil amendment is advocated to mitigate climate change and improve soil fertility. A concern though, is that during biochar preparation PAHs and dioxins are likely formed. These contaminants can possibly be present in the biochar matrix and even bioavailable to exposed organisms. Here we quantify total and bioavailable PAHs and dioxins in a suite of over 50 biochars produced via slow pyrolysis between 250 and 900 degrees C, using various methods and biomass from tropical, boreal, and temperate areas. These slow pyrolysis biochars, which can be produced locally on farms with minimum resources, are also compared to biochar produced using the industrial methods of fast pyrolysis and gasification. Total concentrations were measured with a Soxhlet extraction and bioavailable concentrations were measured with polyoxymethylene passive samplers. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.07 mu g g(-1) to 3.27 mu g g(-1) for the slow pyrolysis biochars and were dependent on biomass source, pyrolysis temperature, and time. With increasing pyrolysis time and temperature, PAH concentrations generally decreased. These total concentrations were below existing environmental quality standards for concentrations of PAHs in soils. Total PAH concentrations in the fast pyrolysis and gasification biochar were 0.3 mu g g(-1) and 45 mu g g(-1), respectively, with maximum levels exceeding some quality standards. Concentrations of bioavailable PAHs in slow pyrolysis biochars ranged from 0.17 ng L-1 to 10.0 ng L-1 which is lower than concentrations reported for relatively clean urban sediments. The gasification produced biochar sample had the highest bioavailable concentration (162 +/- 71 ng L-1). Total dioxin concentrations were low (up to 92 mu g g(-1)) and bioavailable concentrations were below the analytical limit of detection. No clear pattern of how strongly PAHs were bound to different biochars was found based on the biochars' physicochemical properties. C1 [Hale, Sarah E.; Arp, Hans Peter H.; Cornelissen, Gerard] Norwegian Geotech Inst NGI, Dept Environm Engn, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. [Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rutherford, David] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bachmann, Robert T.] Univ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Inst Chem & Bioengn Technol MICET, Taboh Naning 78000, Alor Gajah, Malaysia. [Shitumbanuma, Victor] Univ Zambia, Dept Soil Sci, Lusaka, Zambia. [O'Toole, Adam] Bioforsk, Soil & Environm Dept, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Sundqvist, Kristina L.] Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Cornelissen, Gerard] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cornelissen, Gerard] Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, N-5003 As, Norway. RP Hale, SE (reprint author), Norwegian Geotech Inst NGI, Dept Environm Engn, POB 3930 Ulleval Stad, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. EM Sarah.Hale@NGI.NO RI Bachmann, Robert/B-8801-2009; Arp, Hans Peter/D-3733-2009; Arp, Hans Peter H./C-5942-2015; Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014; OI Bachmann, Robert/0000-0001-7636-5338; Arp, Hans Peter/0000-0002-0747-8838; Arp, Hans Peter H./0000-0002-0747-8838; Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936; Hale, Sarah E./0000-0002-7743-9199; Zimmerman, Andrew/0000-0001-5137-4916 NR 70 TC 142 Z9 156 U1 21 U2 244 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2830 EP 2838 DI 10.1021/es203984k PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902FJ UT WOS:000301023700047 PM 22321025 ER PT J AU Goodman, J Maschinski, J Hughes, P McAuliffe, J Roncal, J Powell, D Sternberg, LO AF Goodman, Joie Maschinski, Joyce Hughes, Phillip McAuliffe, Joe Roncal, Julissa Powell, Devon Sternberg, Leonel O'reilly TI Differential Response to Soil Salinity in Endangered Key Tree Cactus: Implications for Survival in a Changing Climate SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FLORIDA-KEYS; FOREST STRUCTURE; SALT TOLERANCE; PUERTO-RICO; PLANTS; FUTURE; MIGRATION; IMPACTS; DROUGHT AB Understanding reasons for biodiversity loss is essential for developing conservation and management strategies and is becoming increasingly urgent with climate change. Growing at elevations <1.4 m in the Florida Keys, USA, the endangered Key tree cactus (Pilosocereus robinii) experienced 84 percent loss of total stems from 1994 to 2007. The most severe losses of 99 and 88 percent stems occurred in the largest populations in the Lower Keys, where nine storms with high wind velocities and storm surges, occurred during this period. In contrast, three populations had substantial stem proliferation. To evaluate possible mortality factors related to changes in climate or forest structure, we examined habitat variables: soil salinity, elevation, canopy cover, and habitat structure near 16 dying or dead and 18 living plants growing in the Lower Keys. Soil salinity and elevation were the preliminary factors that discriminated live and dead plants. Soil salinity was 1.5 times greater, but elevation was 12 cm higher near dead plants than near live plants. However, distribution-wide stem loss was not significantly related to salinity or elevation. Controlled salinity trials indicated that salt tolerance to levels above 40 mM NaCl was related to maternal origin. Salt sensitive plants from the Lower Keys had less stem growth, lower root: shoot ratios, lower potassium: sodium ratios and lower recovery rate, but higher delta C-13 than a salt tolerant lineage of unknown origin. Unraveling the genetic structure of salt tolerant and salt sensitive lineages in the Florida Keys will require further genetic tests. Worldwide rare species restricted to fragmented, low-elevation island habitats, with little or no connection to higher ground will face challenges from climate change-related factors. These great conservation challenges will require traditional conservation actions and possibly managed relocation that must be informed by studies such as these. C1 [Goodman, Joie; Maschinski, Joyce; Roncal, Julissa; Powell, Devon] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Coral Gables, FL USA. [Hughes, Phillip] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL USA. [McAuliffe, Joe] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Roncal, Julissa] Inst Rech Dev, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France. [Sternberg, Leonel O'reilly] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. RP Goodman, J (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Coral Gables, FL USA. EM jmaschinski@fairchildgarden.org FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [40816G065, 4018176G065]; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry [011299, 012863] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Agreement 40816G065 and 4018176G065)http://www.fws. gov/grants/and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry(Contract #011299 and #012863)http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32528 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032528 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928WA UT WOS:000303017700067 PM 22403670 ER PT J AU Larson, S Jameson, R Etnier, M Jones, T Hall, R AF Larson, Shawn Jameson, Ron Etnier, Michael Jones, Terry Hall, Roberta TI Genetic Diversity and Population Parameters of Sea Otters, Enhydra lutris, before Fur Trade Extirpation from 1741-1911 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; ANCIENT DNA; CALIFORNIA; REMNANT; TESTS AB All existing sea otter, Enhydra lutris, populations have suffered at least one historic population bottleneck stemming from the fur trade extirpations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. We examined genetic variation, gene flow, and population structure at five microsatellite loci in samples from five pre-fur trade populations throughout the sea otter's historical range: California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Russia. We then compared those values to genetic diversity and population structure found within five modern sea otter populations throughout their current range: California, Prince William Sound, Amchitka Island, Southeast Alaska and Washington. We found twice the genetic diversity in the pre-fur trade populations when compared to modern sea otters, a level of diversity that was similar to levels that are found in other mammal populations that have not experienced population bottlenecks. Even with the significant loss in genetic diversity modern sea otters have retained historical structure. There was greater gene flow before extirpation than that found among modern sea otter populations but the difference was not statistically significant. The most dramatic effect of pre fur trade population extirpation was the loss of genetic diversity. For long term conservation of these populations increasing gene flow and the maintenance of remnant genetic diversity should be encouraged. C1 [Larson, Shawn] Seattle Aquarium, Research Anim Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Jameson, Ron] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Philomath, OR USA. [Etnier, Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jones, Terry] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Hall, Roberta] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Larson, S (reprint author), Seattle Aquarium, Research Anim Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. EM s.larson@seattleaquarium.org FU Seattle Aquarium's general operating fund; Foley Frischkorn Conservation Fund; Seattle Aquarium Society; California Sea Grant [R/CZ-187] FX This research was supported primarily by the Seattle Aquarium's general operating fund. Other supporting funds came from the Foley Frischkorn Conservation Fund and the Seattle Aquarium Society. Analysis of the otter remains from Diablo Canyon was funded by California Sea Grant R/CZ-187. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 50 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32205 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032205 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928WA UT WOS:000303017700032 PM 22403635 ER PT J AU McGarr, A AF McGarr, A. TI Relating stick-slip friction experiments to earthquake source parameters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID APPARENT STRESS; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; SEISMIC ENERGY; MAXIMUM SLIP; CALIFORNIA; ZONES; DROP AB Analytical results for parameters, such as static stress drop, for stick-slip friction experiments, with arbitrary input parameters, can be determined by solving an energy-balance equation. These results can then be related to a given earthquake based on its seismic moment and the maximum slip within its rupture zone, assuming that the rupture process entails the same physics as stick-slip friction. This analysis yields overshoots and ratios of apparent stress to static stress drop of about 0.25. The inferred earthquake source parameters static stress drop, apparent stress, slip rate, and radiated energy are robust inasmuch as they are largely independent of the experimental parameters used in their estimation. Instead, these earthquake parameters depend on C, the ratio of maximum slip to the cube root of the seismic moment. C is controlled by the normal stress applied to the rupture plane and the difference between the static and dynamic coefficients of friction. Estimating yield stress and seismic efficiency using the same procedure is only possible when the actual static and dynamic coefficients of friction are known within the earthquake rupture zone. Citation: McGarr, A. (2012), Relating stick-slip friction experiments to earthquake source parameters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05303, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050327. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcgarr@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L05303 DI 10.1029/2011GL050327 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 903OZ UT WOS:000301129000001 ER PT J AU Antweiler, RC Taylor, HE Alpers, CN AF Antweiler, Ronald C. Taylor, Howard E. Alpers, Charles N. TI Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trace metals; Dissolved and colloidal transport; Iron Mountain; Rare-earth elements ID EARTH ELEMENTS; IRON MOUNTAIN; MINE DRAINAGE; NEGATIVE PH; CALIFORNIA; WATER; TRANSPORT; COLORADO; METALS; USA AB The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996-97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were all present in high concentrations in effluent from Spring Creek Reservoir (SCR), which enters into the Sacramento River in the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir. SCR was constructed in part to regulate the flow of acidic, metal-rich waters draining the IMM Superfund site. Although virtually all of these metals exist in SCR in the dissolved form, upon entering Keswick Reservoir they at least partially converted via precipitation and/or adsorption to the particulate phase. In spite of this, few of the metals settled out; instead the vast majority was transported colloidally down the Sacramento River at least to Bend Bridge, 67 km from Keswick Dam. The geochemical influence of IMM on the upper Sacramento River was variable, chiefly dependent on the flow of Spring Creek. Although the average flow of the Sacramento River at Keswick Dam is 250 m(3)/s (cubic meters per second), even flows as low as 0.3 m(3)/s from Spring Creek were sufficient to account for more than 15% of the metals loading at Bend Bridge, and these proportions increased with increasing Spring Creek flow. The dissolved proportion of the total bioavailable load was dependent on the element but steadily decreased for all metals, from near 100% in Spring Creek to values (for some elements) of less than 1% at Bend Bridge; failure to account for the suspended sediment load in assessments of the effect of metals transport in the Sacramento River can result in estimates which are low by as much as a factor of 100. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Antweiler, Ronald C.; Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Antweiler, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Ste E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM antweil@usgs.gov; hetaylor@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 2 PY 2012 VL 298 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 910ZE UT WOS:000301686300006 ER PT J AU James, DA Csargo, IJ Von Eschen, A Thul, MD Baker, JM Hayer, CA Howell, J Krause, J Letvin, A Chipps, SR AF James, Daniel A. Csargo, Isak J. Von Eschen, Aaron Thul, Megan D. Baker, James M. Hayer, Cari-Ann Howell, Jessica Krause, Jacob Letvin, Alex Chipps, Steven R. TI A generalized model for estimating the energy density of invertebrates SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invertebrate; energy density; generalized model; bioenergetics ID BIOENERGETICS MODEL; SEASONAL-VARIATION; TROUT; PREY; ORGANISMS; NUTRIENTS; WEIGHT; SALMON; STREAM; FISH AB Invertebrate energy density (ED) values are traditionally measured using bomb calorimetry. However, many researchers rely on a few published literature sources to obtain ED values because of time and sampling constraints on measuring ED with bomb calorimetry. Literature values often do not account for spatial or temporal variability associated with invertebrate ED. Thus, these values can be unreliable for use in models and other ecological applications. We evaluated the generality of the relationship between invertebrate ED and proportion of dry-to-wet mass (pDM). We then developed and tested a regression model to predict ED from pDM based on a taxonomically, spatially, and temporally diverse sample of invertebrates representing 28 orders in aquatic (freshwater, estuarine, and marine) and terrestrial (temperate and arid) habitats from 4 continents and 2 oceans. Samples included invertebrates collected in all seasons over the last 19 y. Evaluation of these data revealed a significant relationship between ED and pDM (r(2) = 0.96, p < 0.0001), where ED (as J/g wet mass) was estimated from pDM as ED = 22,960pDM = 174.2. Model evaluation showed that nearly all (98.8%) of the variability between observed and predicted values for invertebrate ED could be attributed to residual error in the model. Regression of observed on predicted values revealed that the 97.5% joint confidence region included the intercept of 0 (-103.0 +/- 707.9) and slope of 1 (1.01 +/- 0.12). Use of this model requires that only dry and wet mass measurements be obtained, resulting in significant time, sample size, and cost savings compared to traditional bomb calorimetry approaches. This model should prove useful for a wide range of ecological studies because it is unaffected by taxonomic, seasonal, or spatial variability. C1 [James, Daniel A.; Csargo, Isak J.; Von Eschen, Aaron; Thul, Megan D.; Baker, James M.; Hayer, Cari-Ann; Howell, Jessica; Krause, Jacob; Letvin, Alex] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM daniel.james@sdstate.edu; isak.csargo@sdstate.edu; aaron.vonexchen@sdstate.edu; megan.thul@sdstate.edu; james.baker@sdstate.edu; cari-ann.hayer@sdstate.edu; jessica.howell@sdstate.edu; jacob.krause@sdstate.edu; alexander.letvin@sdstate.edu; steven.chipps@sdstate.edu RI Hayer, Cari-Ann/C-1319-2009 FU Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; US Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-15-R-1514] FX We thank M. Fincel, M. Greiner, and H. Meyer for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University and the US Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. DAJ was supported in part by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-15-R-1514, administered through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 33 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1899/11-057.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021RY UT WOS:000309904300006 ER PT J AU Galbraith, HS Blakeslee, CJ Lellis, WA AF Galbraith, Heather S. Blakeslee, Carrie J. Lellis, William A. TI Recent thermal history influences thermal tolerance in freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida) SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE critical thermal maximum; unionid; acclimation; gape behavior; hypoxia; traits; thermal stress ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; UNIONID MUSSELS; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; AMMONIA; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; JUVENILE; ANIMALS AB Understanding species' temperature tolerances in the context of concurrent environmental stressors is critical because thermal regimes of freshwater ecosystems are changing. We evaluated the critical thermal maximum (CTM) of 3 freshwater mussel species (Alasmidonta varicosa, Elliptio complanata, and Strophitus undulatus) acclimated to 2 temperatures (15 and 25 degrees C) and exposed to 2 aeration treatments (aerated vs unaerated) during CTM testing. Responses varied by species, but mussels acclimated to 25 degrees C generally had a higher CTM than mussels acclimated to 15 degrees C. For E. complanata, the effects of acclimation temperature and aeration were interactive, such that CTM was highest at 15 degrees C but only under aerated conditions. Our results indicate that recent thermal history affects thermal tolerance, combinations of environmental stressors may influence thermal tolerance, and such responses vary among species. C1 [Galbraith, Heather S.; Blakeslee, Carrie J.; Lellis, William A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Galbraith, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM hgalbraith@usgs.gov; cblakeslee@usgs.gov; wlellis@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 46 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1899/11-025.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021RY UT WOS:000309904300008 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR Neebling, TE Quist, MC AF Fischer, Jesse R. Neebling, Travis E. Quist, Michael C. TI Development and evaluation of a boat-mounted RFID antenna for monitoring freshwater mussels SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RFID antenna; PIT tags; freshwater mussels ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; PIT TECHNOLOGY; NORTH-AMERICA; MOLLUSKS; SYSTEM; TAGS AB Development of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags has substantially increased the ability of researchers and managers to monitor populations of aquatic organisms. However, use of transportable RFID antenna systems (i.e., backpack-mounted) is currently limited to wadeable aquatic environments (<1.4 m water depth). We describe the design, construction, and evaluation of a boat-mounted RFID antenna to detect individually PIT-tagged benthic aquatic organisms (mussels). We evaluated the effects of tag orientation on detection distances in water with a 32-mm half-duplex PIT tag. Detection distances up to 50 cm from the antenna coils were obtained, but detection distance was dependent on tag orientation. We also evaluated detection distance of PIT tags beneath the sediment to simulate detection of burrowing mussels with 23- and 32-mm tags. In sand substrate, the maximum detection distance varied from 3.5 cm and 4.5 cm (vertical tag orientation) to 24.7 cm and 39.4 cm (45 degrees tag orientation) for the 23- and 32-mm PIT tags, respectively. Our results suggest a 1.4-m total detection width for tagged mussels on the substrate surface by the boat-mounted antenna system regardless of tag orientation. However, burrowed mussels may require multiple passes to increase detection that would be influenced by depth, tag orientation, and tag size. Construction of the boat-mounted antenna was relatively low in cost (<500 USD) and had several advantages (less labor and time intensive, increased safety) over traditional mussel sampling techniques (diving, snorkeling) in nonwadeable habitats. C1 [Fischer, Jesse R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Neebling, Travis E.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Casper, WY 82604 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM fischer@iastate.edu; travis.neebling@wgf.state.wy.us; mcquist@uidaho.edu FU Iowa State University; Iowa Chapter of the American Fisheries Society; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Ames Laboratory; US Department of Energy; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; US Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank D. Klingenberg, M. Colvin, S. Gritters, J. Miller, S. Bice, N. Johnson, A. Leshem-Ackerman, and C. Pierce for assistance with this project. We also thank K. Roe, B. Dodd, and 2 anonymous referees for providing useful comments and advice on previous versions of the manuscript. This project was supported, in part, by Iowa State University, the Iowa Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the Ames Laboratory, the US Department of Energy, and Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, US Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1899/11-045.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021RY UT WOS:000309904300013 ER PT J AU Bryant, WL Carlisle, DM AF Bryant, W. L. Carlisle, D. M. TI The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: evidence from multimodel inference SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urbanization; streams; stressors; biological quality; model selection; AIC ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; UNITED-STATES; PREDICTIVE MODELS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; MEMBRANE DEVICES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; US STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; URBANIZATION AB Many physicochemical factors potentially impair stream ecosystems in urbanizing basins, but few studies have evaluated their relative importance simultaneously, especially in different environmental settings. We used data collected in 25 to 30 streams along a gradient of urbanization in each of 6 metropolitan areas (MAs) to evaluate the relative importance of 11 physicochemical factors on the condition of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. For each assemblage, biological condition was quantified using 2 separate metrics, nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination site scores and the ratio of observed/expected taxa, both derived in previous studies. Separate linear regression models with 1 or 2 factors as predictors were developed for each MA and assemblage metric. Model parsimony was evaluated based on Akaike's Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc) and Akaike weights, and variable importance was estimated by summing the Akaike weights across models containing each stressor variable. Few of the factors were strongly correlated (Pearson vertical bar r vertical bar > 0.7) within MAs. Physicochemical factors explained 17 to 81% of variance in biological condition. Most (92 of 118) of the most plausible models contained 2 predictors, and generally more variance could be explained by the additive effects of 2 factors than by any single factor alone. None of the factors evaluated was universally important for all MAs or biological assemblages. The relative importance of factors varied for different measures of biological condition, biological assemblages, and MA. Our results suggest that the suite of physicochemical factors affecting urban stream ecosystems varies across broad geographic areas, along gradients of urban intensity, and among basins within single MAs. C1 [Bryant, W. L.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. [Carlisle, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bryant, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3850 Holcomb Bridge Rd, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. EM wbbryant@usgs.gov; dcarlisle@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 30 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 154 EP 166 DI 10.1899/10-131.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021RY UT WOS:000309904300014 ER PT J AU Zuellig, RE Carlisle, DM Meador, MR Potapova, M AF Zuellig, Robert E. Carlisle, Daren M. Meador, Michael R. Potapova, Marina TI Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE variance components; sampling variability; invertebrates; fish; diatoms; stream condition; indicators; NAWQA; biological assessment; streams ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PREDICTIVE MODELS; SPATIAL SCALES; US STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; BIOASSESSMENTS; PRECISION; INTEGRITY; TRENDS AB Stream indicators used to make assessments of biological condition are influenced by many possible sources of variability. To examine this issue, we used multiple-year and multiple-reach diatom, fish, and invertebrate data collected from 20 least-disturbed and 46 developed stream segments between 1993 and 2004 as part of the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. We used a variance-component model to summarize the relative and absolute magnitude of 4 variance components (among-site, among-year, site 3 year interaction, and residual) in indicator values (observed/expected ratio [O/E] and regional multimetric indices [MMI]) among assemblages and between basin types (least-disturbed and developed). We used multiple-reach samples to evaluate discordance in site assessments of biological condition caused by sampling variability. Overall, patterns in variance partitioning were similar among assemblages and basin types with one exception. Among-site variance dominated the relative contribution to the total variance (64-80% of total variance), residual variance (sampling variance) accounted for more variability (8-26%) than interaction variance (5-12%), and among-year variance was always negligible (0-0.2%). The exception to this general pattern was for invertebrates at least-disturbed sites where variability in O/E indicators was partitioned between among-site and residual (sampling) variance (among-site = 36%, residual = 64%). This pattern was not observed for fish and diatom indicators (O/E and regional MMI). We suspect that unexplained sampling variability is what largely remained after the invertebrate indicators (O/E predictive models) had accounted for environmental differences among least-disturbed sites. The influence of sampling variability on discordance of within-site assessments was assemblage or basin-type specific. Discordance among assessments was nearly 2x greater in developed basins (29-31%) than in least-disturbed sites (15-16%) for invertebrates and diatoms, whereas discordance among assessments based on fish did not differ between basin types (least-disturbed = 16%, developed = 17%). Assessments made using invertebrate and diatom indicators from a single reach disagreed with other samples collected within the same stream segment nearly 1/3 of the time in developed basins, compared to 1/6 for all other cases. C1 [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Carlisle, Daren M.; Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Potapova, Marina] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Zuellig, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rzuellig@usgs.gov; dcarlisle@usgs.gov; mrmeador@usgs.gov; potapova@ansp.org RI Potapova, Marina/E-4948-2014 NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 30 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1899/11-040.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021RY UT WOS:000309904300016 ER PT J AU Kilb, D Peng, ZG Simpson, D Michael, A Fisher, M Rohrlick, D AF Kilb, Debi Peng, Zhigang Simpson, David Michael, Andrew Fisher, Meghan Rohrlick, Daniel TI Listen, Watch, Learn: SeisSound Video Products SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE C1 [Kilb, Debi; Rohrlick, Daniel] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Peng, Zhigang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Simpson, David] Inc Res Inst Seismol, Washington, DC USA. [Michael, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fisher, Meghan] Byrn Mawr Coll, Bryn Mawr, PA USA. RP Kilb, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, IGPP 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dkilb@epicenter.ucsd.edu RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1785/gssrl.83.2.281 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 011DR UT WOS:000309145400008 ER PT J AU Peng, ZG Aiken, C Kilb, D Shelly, DR Enescu, B AF Peng, Zhigang Aiken, Chastity Kilb, Debi Shelly, David R. Enescu, Bogdan TI Listening to the 2011 Magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RUPTURE; MOTIONS C1 [Peng, Zhigang; Aiken, Chastity] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kilb, Debi] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Enescu, Bogdan] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent NIED, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Peng, ZG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zpeng@gatech.edu RI Enescu, Bogdan/J-6980-2012 OI Enescu, Bogdan/0000-0003-2153-0097 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1785/gssrl.83.2.287 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 011DR UT WOS:000309145400009 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Boal, CW Wester, DB Rideout-Hanzak, S Whitlaw, HA AF Roberts, Anthony J. Boal, Clint W. Wester, David B. Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra Whitlaw, Heather A. TI GRASSLAND BIRD COMMUNTIY RESPONSE TO LARGE WILDFIRES SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PASSERINE BIRDS; ARIZONA; PRAIRIE; HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE AB We studied breeding season communities of grassland birds on short-grass and mixed-grass prairie sites during the second and third breeding seasons following two large wildfires in March 2006 in the Texas panhandle, USA. There was an apparent temporary shift in avian community composition following the fires due to species-specific shifts' associated with life-history traits and vegetation preferences. Species that prefer sparse vegetation and bare ground on short-grass sites, such as Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris), benefited from wildfires, while others, such as Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), that prefer more dense vegetation, were negatively impacted. Mixed-grass sites had species-specific shifts in 2007, two breeding seasons after the fires; grassland bird communities on burned plots were similar by 2008 to those on unburned plots. Avian communities appeared to return to pre-burn levels within 3 years following wildfires. Many of the responses in our study of wildfire were similar to those reported following prescribed fires elsewhere. Prescribed fires appear to have similar effects on the avian community despite differences in intensity and environmental conditions during wildfires. Received 8 November 2010. Accepted 10 October 2011. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wester, David B.; Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Rangeland & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Wester, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, W Texas Suboff, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Roberts, Anthony J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), Wildland Resources Dept, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tony.roberts@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Natural Resources Conservation Service, Texas Parks; Wildlife Department, and Texas Tech University FX We thank the many landowners who allowed access to their properties for this research. This study was funded by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and Texas Tech University. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100004 ER PT J AU Behney, AC Grisham, BA Boal, CW Whitlaw, HA Haukos, DA AF Behney, Adam C. Grisham, Blake A. Boal, Clint W. Whitlaw, Heather A. Haukos, David A. TI SEXUAL SELECTION AND MATING CHRONOLOGY OF LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEKKING SAGE GROUSE; BLACK GROUSE; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; RESOURCE SELECTION; FEMALE CHOICE; MATE CHOICE; SUCCESS; LEKS; BEHAVIOR; CUPIDO AB Little is known about mate selection and lek dynamics of Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). We collected data on male territory size and location on leks, behavior, and morphological characteristics and assessed the importance of these variables on male Lesser Prairie-Chicken mating success during spring 2008 and 2009 in the Texas Southern High Plains. We used discrete choice models and found that males that were less idle were chosen more often for mating. Our results also suggest that males with smaller territories obtained more copulations. Morphological characteristics were weaker predictors of male mating success. Peak female attendance at leks occurred during the 1-week interval starting 13 April during both years of study. Male prairie-chickens appear to make exploratory movements to, and from, leks early in the lekking season; 13 of 19 males banded early (23 Feb-13 Mar) in the lekking season departed the lek of capture and were not reobserved (11 yearlings, 2 adults). Thirty-three percent (range = 26-51%) of males on a lek mated (yearlings = 44%, adults = 20%) and males that were more active experienced greater mating success. Received 2 May 2011. Accepted 28 July 2011. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Behney, AC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM abehney@siu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department FX Funding was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The Department of Natural Resources Management at Texas Tech University and the USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit also contributed resources. This research would not have been possible without the private landowners who graciously allowed us to work on their land. We thank D. R. Lucia for assistance throughout this research as well as N. E. Pirius, A. J. Teague, C. G. Frey, R. T. Sadowski, and C. J. Kveton for help in the field. We also thank D. B. Lesmeister for assistance with discrete choice models. M. J. Butler, P. B. Wood, C. A. Hagen, R. M. Gibson, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. Trade name products are mentioned to provide complete descriptions of methods; the author's and their institutions neither endorse these products nor intend to discriminate against products not mentioned. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100013 ER PT J AU Bond, AL Evans, WC Jones, IL AF Bond, Alexander L. Evans, William C. Jones, Ian L. TI AVIAN MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH A VOLCANIC GAS SEEP AT KISKA ISLAND, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RATS RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; BIRDS AB We identified natural pits associated with avian mortality at the base of Kiska Volcano in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska in 2007. Living, moribund, and dead birds were regularly found at low spots in a canyon between two lava flows during 2001-2006, but the phenomenon was attributed to natural trapping and starvation of fledgling seabirds (mostly Least Auk lets, Aethia pusilla) at a colony site with >1 million birds present. However, 302 birds of eight species, including passerines, were found dead at the site during 2007-2010, suggesting additional factors were involved. Most carcasses showed no signs of injury and concentrations of dead birds had accumulated in a few distinctive low pits in the canyon. Gas samples from these locations showed elevated CO, concentrations in late 2010. Analysis of carcasses indicated no evidence of blunt trauma or internal bleeding. Volcanic gases accumulating at these poorly ventilated sites may have caused the observed mortality, but are temporally variable. Most auklets breeding in the Aleutian Islands do so in recent lava flows that provide breeding habitat; our study documents a cost of this unusual habitat selection. Received 17 March 2011. Accepted 28 September 2011. C1 [Bond, Alexander L.; Jones, Ian L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bond, AL (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. EM alex.bond@usask.ca RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; OI Bond, Alexander/0000-0003-2125-7238 FU The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; Northern Scientific Training Program of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development of Canada FX We thank A. U. Igamberdiev for assistance with Russian translation, C. A. Neal of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS, Anchorage, AK, USA), for proposing the gas sampling and analysis, and C. P. Brake, E. E. Penney, D. W. Pine-Hay, and G. M. Samson for assistance in the field. Michelle Wille provided valuable discussions on avian pathology. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, and Northern Scientific Training Program of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development of Canada supported our work in the Aleutians financially, and the captain and crew of the M/V Tiglax, and J. C. Williams and G. V. Byrd provided logistical support. This manuscript was improved by comments from C. E. Braun, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100020 ER PT J AU Peterson, SM Streby, HM Andersen, DE AF Peterson, Sean M. Streby, Henry M. Andersen, David E. TI Effects of Parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds May Persist into Post-fledging SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEIURUS-AUROCAPILLA; BROOD PARASITISM; NEST PREDATION; SURVIVAL; OVENBIRDS; HOSTS; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; RISK AB Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) typically decreases the number of host juveniles that fledge: however, little information exists regarding the effect of cowbird parasitism during the post-fledging period. We monitored 115 Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) nests in 2006-2008 in northcentral Minnesota, six of which were parasitized. We used radiotelemetry to monitor movements of 36 Ovenbird fledglings (9 additional fledglings depredated <24 hrs after fledging were excluded from the movement analysis) from non-parasitized nests and one fledgling from a parasitized nest. Clutch sizes and productivity were lower in parasitized Ovenbird nests than non-parasitized nests, similar to populations at other locations. The fledgling we tracked from a parasitized nest (in 2008) died after 26 days. It was the only fledgling in our study that died (n = 20) with no sign of predation and an empty stomach. That fledgling took 12 days to travel >50 m from its nest and 25 days to travel >100 m from its nest. fledglings from non-parasitized broods tracked for >= 25 days during 2008 (n = 16) took 4.1 +/- 0.71 and 9.5 +/- 1.14 days to travel the same distances. Our observations suggest that negative effects of brood parasitism may persist into the post-fledging period, possibly confirming observations of cowbird-only survival compiled from the literature. Received 6 March 2011. Accepted 22 July 2011. C1 [Peterson, Sean M.; Streby, Henry M.; Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Peterson, Sean M.; Streby, Henry M.; Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Peterson, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sean.michael.peterson@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX These data were collected during a project funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through Research Work Order 73 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit with in-kind support from the U.S. Forest Service. We handled, banded, and attached radio transmitters to birds following. Protocol #0806A35761, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank D. D. Robinson, A. C. Edmond, E. S. Michel, A. P. Monroe, T. L. Eisenhauer, J. L. Hammers, J. M. Refsnider. and K. J. Iknayan for assistance in field data collection, Brian Scholtens for assistance with dissection and stomach content identification, and L. I. Berkeley and S. R. Loss for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100028 ER PT J AU Thomas, SM Lyons, JE Andres, BA ElliotT-Smith, E Palacios, E Cavitt, JF Royle, JA Fellows, SD Maty, K Howe, WH Mellink, E Melvin, S Zimmerman, T AF Thomas, Susan M. Lyons, James E. Andres, Brad A. Elliott-Smith, Elise Palacios, Eduardo Cavitt, John F. Royle, J. Andrew Fellows, Suzanne D. Maty, Kendra Howe, William H. Mellink, Eric Melvin, Stefani Zimmerman, Tara TI Population Size of Snowy Plovers Breeding in North America SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE breeding; Charadrius nivosus; North America; population; Snowy Plover; survey ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY; BINOMIAL MIXTURE-MODELS; CHARADRIUS-ALEXANDRINUS; REPLICATED COUNTS; PACIFIC COAST; ABUNDANCE; MEXICO AB Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) may be one of the rarest shorebirds in North America yet a comprehensive assessment of their abundance and distribution has not been completed. During 2007 and 2008, 557 discrete wetlands were surveyed and nine additional large wetland complexes sampled in Mexico and the USA. From these surveys, a population of 23,555 (95% CI = 17,299 - 29,859) breeding Snowy Plovers was estimated. Combining the estimate with information from areas not surveyed, the total North American population was assessed at 25,869 (95% CI = 18,917 - 32,173). Approximately 42% of all breeding Snowy Plovers in North America resided at two sites (Great Salt Lake, Utah, and Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma), and 33% of all these were on wetlands in the Great Basin (including Great Salt Lake). Also, coastal habitats in central and southern Texas supported large numbers of breeding plovers. New breeding sites were discovered in interior deserts and highlands and along the Pacific coast of Mexico; approximately 9% of the North American breeding population occurred in Mexico. Because of uncertainties about effects of climate change and current stresses to breeding habitats, the species should be a management and conservation priority. Periodic monitoring should be undertaken at important sites to ensure high quality habitat is available to support the Snowy Plover population. Received 22 July 2011, accepted 18 October 2011. C1 [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thomas, Susan M.; Maty, Kendra; Zimmerman, Tara] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds & Habitat Programs, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Elliott-Smith, Elise] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Palacios, Eduardo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, BC Unidad La Paz, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Cavitt, John F.] Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fellows, Suzanne D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Migratory Bird Management Program 6, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Howe, William H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Nongame Migratory Bird Program 2, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Mellink, Eric] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Melvin, Stefani] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Andres, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, POB 25486, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM brad_andres@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Neotropical Migratory, Bird Conservation Act; Utah's Linking Communities project; Weber State University; National Wildlife Refuge System; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Field Offices; National Wildlife Refuges; Fort Hays State University; Bureau of Land Management; Colorado Division of Wildlife; California Department of Fish and Game; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Nevada Department of Wildlife; PRBO Conservation Science; Great Basin Bird Observatory; Klamath Bird Observatory; Canadian Wildlife Service; Stephen F. Austin University; U.S. Geological Survey-Forest and Rangeland Ecosystems Science Center; Baker State University; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Northern Oklahoma College; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Arizona Game and Fish Department; Department of Defense installations; Army Corps of Engineers; National Park Service; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; New Mexico State Lands Department; Texas Audubon Society; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Kennecott Utah Copper; U.S. Magnesium; University of Rhode Island; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Playa Lakes Joint Venture; Texas Tech University FX Without the assistance of hundreds of observers in Mexico, the USA and Canada this project could not have been accomplished. We thank all birders and biologists who provided information on Snowy Plover breeding sites. We appreciate the cooperation of the many land managers and land owners who allowed us access. Major funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's national and regional Migratory Bird Management programs and the Neotropical Migratory, Bird Conservation Act. Other funding and support was provided by Utah's Linking Communities project, Weber State University, the National Wildlife Refuge System, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Field Offices and National Wildlife Refuges, Fort Hays State University, the Bureau of Land Management, Colorado Division of Wildlife, California Department of Fish and Game, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, PRBO Conservation Science, Great Basin Bird Observatory, Klamath Bird Observatory, Canadian Wildlife Service, Stephen F. Austin University, U.S. Geological Survey-Forest and Rangeland Ecosystems Science Center, Baker State University, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Northern Oklahoma College, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Department of Defense installations, the Army Corps of Engineers, National Park Service, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, New Mexico State Lands Department, Texas Audubon Society, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Kennecott Utah Copper, U.S. Magnesium, University of Rhode Island, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Playa Lakes Joint Venture, and Texas Tech University. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 25 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YK UT WOS:000308785800001 ER PT J AU Collis, K Roby, DD Larson, KW Adrean, LJ Nelson, SK Evans, AF Hostetter, N Battaglia, D Lyons, DE Marcella, T Patterson, A AF Collis, Ken Roby, Daniel D. Larson, Keith W. Adrean, Lindsay J. Nelson, S. Kim Evans, Allen F. Hostetter, Nathan Battaglia, Dan Lyons, Donald E. Marcella, Tim Patterson, Allison TI Trends in Caspian Tern Nesting and Diet in San Francisco Bay: Conservation Implications for Terns and Salmonids SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Caspian Tern; colony restoration; colony size; diet composition; Hydroprogne caspia; limiting factors; productivity; Oncorhynchus; salmonids; San Francisco Bay ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PACIFIC COAST; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AVIAN PREDATION; NORTH-AMERICA; COLONY; POPULATION; WATERBIRDS; ECOLOGY AB Colony size, nesting ecology and diet of Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) were investigated in the San Francisco Bay area (SFBA) during 2003-2009 to assess the potential for conservation of the tern breeding population and possible negative effects of predation on survival of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.). Numbers of breeding Caspian Terns declined 36% from 2003 to 2009, mostly due to abandonment of the Knight Island colony and decline of the Brooks Island colony, the two largest colonies in the SFBA. Concurrently, nesting success declined 69% associated with colony site characteristics such as (a) quality and quantity of nesting substrate, (b) vulnerability to nest predators, (c) displacement by other colonial waterbirds and (d) human disturbance. Marine fishes were the predominant prey in tern diets from the SFBA; however, diet composition varied among colonies. Juvenile salmonids comprised 22.9% of the diet of terns nesting in the North Bay, 5.3% of diet of terns nesting in the Central Bay, and 0.1% in the South Bay. Construction or restoration of nesting islands in the South Bay may help maintain and restore breeding Caspian Terns without enhancing mortality of salmonid stocks of conservation concern. Received 8 February 2011, accepted 18 October 2011. C1 [Collis, Ken; Evans, Allen F.; Hostetter, Nathan] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 52 SW Roosevelt Ave, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM ken@realtimeresearch.com RI Larson, Keith/G-5585-2010 OI Larson, Keith/0000-0001-7089-524X FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) - Portland District; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Pacific Region; Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [3722] FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) - Portland District and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Pacific Region, Migratory Birds and Habitat Programs funded this research; we thank G. Dorsey, P. Schmidt, and R. Willis with the USACE and N. Seto, T. Zimmerman, B. Bortner, and D. Wesley with the USFWS for their support. We thank the California Department of Fish and Game, Cargill Salt Company, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, and East Bay, Regional Park District for access to the study sites. Special thanks to S. Bobzien of the East Bay Regional Park District for support. We thank C. Strong (San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory), G. McChesney (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and P. Capitolo (Humboldt State University) for data on the size of Caspian Tern colonies in the San Francisco Bay area during 2006-2007. The study was performed under the auspices of the Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol no. 3722). We are grateful to B. Cramer, S. Collar, M. Hawbecker, P. Loschl, J. Sheggeby and numerous field technicians and interns for assistance in the field, lab and office. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for improving this manuscript. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YK UT WOS:000308785800003 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Gratto-Trevor, CL Collins, BT Fellows, SD Lanctot, RB Liebezeit, J McCaffery, B Tracy, D Rausch, J Kendall, S Zack, S Gates, HR AF Smith, Paul A. Gratto-Trevor, Cheri L. Collins, Brian T. Fellows, Suzanne D. Lanctot, Richard B. Liebezeit, Joe McCaffery, Brian Tracy, Diane Rausch, Jennie Kendall, Steve Zack, Steve Gates, H. River TI Trends in Abundance of Semipalmated Sandpipers: Evidence from the Arctic SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; breeding; Calidris pusilla; checklist survey; distribution; population trends; Semipalmated Sandpiper ID NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; POPULATION TRENDS; SITE-TENACITY; PHILOPATRY; CHURCHILL; MANITOBA; DECLINE; ALASKA; BIRDS AB Counts of Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) at some migratory stopover sites have shown pronounced declines over the last 35 years. Counts from breeding grounds avoid sources of bias that have proven troublesome for trends estimated from migration surveys. Published and unpublished data were reviewed to examine trends in densities of Semipalmated Sandpipers at breeding sites across Alaska and arctic Canada. Information was sparse, and some comparisons are tenuous because methods varied over time. Valid time series were obtained for 13 sites across the species' range. In Alaska, Semipalmated Sandpipers either increased or were at least stable at six sites and decreased at one site. Surveys at both sites in the central portion of the range suggested no change in abundance. In the eastern portion of the range, trends were variable: decreases were observed at two sites, a possible increase at one site, and no change at another. Thus, the species was generally increasing or stable in the western and central portions of the range and had an uncertain status in the east. Also, trends in presence/absence data were analyzed from the Northwest Territories and Nunavut Checklist Survey. The species was observed at 345 sites, and results suggested that birds increased significantly in prevalence (assumed here to be correlated with abundance) across arctic Canada between 1987 and 2007. Overall, data from the breeding grounds do not support a range-wide decline in the abundance of Semipalmated Sandpipers, although data are insufficient for the long-billed population from the eastern Arctic for which specific conservation concerns exist. Received 1 1 July 2011, accepted 2 December 2011. C1 [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri L.] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Collins, Brian T.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Fellows, Suzanne D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.; Gates, H. River] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Liebezeit, Joe; Zack, Steve] Wildlife Conservat Soc, N Amer Program Pacific W, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [McCaffery, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Rausch, Jennie] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Kendall, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, 772-7th Conc S, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. EM paul_smith@smitheco.ca FU Environment Canada; Queen's University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Bureau of Land Management; Western Arctic National Parklands unit of the National Park Service; Angus Gavin Migratory; Bird Research Grant; Arctic Audubon; Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (NMBCA) FX We thank field staff who contributed to the collection of data at the long-term study sites. Special thanks to A. Taylor and B. Hill for helping to run the Barrow field site. We thank C. Machtans for providing access to the Checklist Survey data. We acknowledge the financial or in-kind contributions of agencies including: Environment Canada, Queen's University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Bureau of Land Management, Western Arctic National Parklands unit of the National Park Service, Angus Gavin Migratory, Bird Research Grant, and Arctic Audubon. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is grateful for the financial support of the Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation, Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (NMBCA), and other U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funding sources. WCS also thanks BP Exploration [Alaska] Inc. for providing in-kind support to permit the continuation of research efforts at Prudhoe Bay. We thank J. Jehl, E. Nol and B. Andres for comments on the manuscript. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 106 EP 119 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YK UT WOS:000308785800011 ER PT J AU Andres, BA Gratto-Trevor, C Hicklin, P Mizrahi, D Morrison, RIG Smith, PA AF Andres, Brad A. Gratto-Trevor, Cheri Hicklin, Peter Mizrahi, David Morrison, R. I. Guy Smith, Paul A. TI Status of the Semipalmated Sandpiper SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article C1 [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, S&T, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Hicklin, Peter] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada. [Morrison, R. I. Guy] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, S&T, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Andres, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, DFC, POB 25486, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM brad_andres@fws.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 146 EP 148 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YK UT WOS:000308785800014 ER PT J AU Whidden, KJ Jones, RW AF Whidden, Katherine J. Jones, Robert W. TI CORRELATION OF EARLY PALEOGENE GLOBAL DIVERSITY PATTERNS OF LARGE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA WITH PALEOCENE AND EOCENE CLIMATIC EVENTS SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID CAMPO SECTION PYRENEES; THERMAL MAXIMUM; DEEP-SEA; CALCAREOUS PLANKTON; MIDDLE EOCENE; OCEAN; EVOLUTION; BOUNDARY; ZONATION; HYPERTHERMALS AB Large benthic foraminifera (LBF) were major contributors to many Paleogene carbonate platforms around the world. These photosymbiotic foraminifera lived in warm, oligotrophic, shallow waters within the photic zone. Such Paleogene families as the nummulitids, alveolinids, and orthophragminids rose to prominence in the late Paleocene, thrived in the early and middle Eocene, and declined in the late Eocene and Oligocene. Diversity data from these three families were studied to understand better the controls on the rise of Paleogene LBFs. Analyzed data included total diversity (total number of species per biozone), number of first occurrences per biozone, and number of last occurrences per biozone. Results indicate that there were four intervals of increased total diversity, increased first occurrence, and increased last occurrence for all three families studied. These four intervals follow closely after important climatic events within the Paleogene: the mid-Paleocene biotic event (MPBE), the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, a hyperthermal event), the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) and the middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO). The shallow marine biotic community, on a global scale, reacted to such climatic warming events as the MPBE, PETM, EECO, and MECO, based on these diversity trends. Our data also show a pattern of an increase in the number of last occurrences followed by an increase in the number of first occurrences, which suggests that the overall increase in species diversity is due to faunal turnover, as has been interpreted for the large benthic foraminiferal turnover that occurred at the PETM. C1 [Whidden, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Robert W.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Whidden, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kwhidden@usgs.gov; r.jones@nhm.ac.uk NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 251 DI 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-109r PG 17 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 946FV UT WOS:000304337800010 ER PT J AU Hoover, AN Germino, MJ AF Hoover, Amber N. Germino, Matthew J. TI A Common-Garden Study of Resource-Island Effects on a Native and an Exotic, Annual Grass After Fire SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bluebunch wheatgrass; cheatgrass; coppice; heterogeneity; interspace; sagebrush ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION HETEROGENEITY; SOIL-SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; PLANT DIVERSITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN AB Plant-soil variation related to perennial-plant resource islands (coppices) interspersed with relatively bare interspaces is a major source of heterogeneity in desert rangelands. Our objective was to determine how native and exotic grasses vary on coppice mounds and interspaces (microsites) in unburned and burned sites and underlying factors that contribute to the variation in sagebrush-steppe rangelands of the Idaho National Lab, where interspaces typically have abiotic crusts. We asked how the exotic cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and native bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love) were distributed among the microsites and measured their abundances in three replicate wildfires and nearby unburned areas. We conducted a common-garden study in which soil cores from each burned microsite type were planted with seed of either species to determine microsite effects on establishment and growth of native and exotic grasses. We assessed soil physical properties in the common-garden study to determine the intrinsic properties of each microsite surface and the retention of microsite soil differences following transfer of soils to the garden, to plant growth, and to wetting/drying cycles. In the field study, only bluebunch wheatgrass density was greater on coppice mounds than interspaces, in both unburned and burned areas. In the common-garden experiment, there were microsite differences in soil physical properties, particularly in crust hardness and its relationship to moisture, but soil properties were unaffected by plant growth. Also in the experiment, both species had equal densities yet greater dry mass production on coppice-mound soils compared to interspace soils, suggesting microsite differences in growth but not establishment (likely related to crust weakening resulting from watering). Coppice-interspace patterning and specifically native-herb recovery on coppices is likely important for postfire resistance of this rangeland to cheatgrass. C1 [Germino, Matthew J.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Hoover, Amber N.; Germino, Matthew J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Hoover, Amber/B-8373-2017 OI Hoover, Amber/0000-0001-8584-3995 FU US Army Research Laboratory and Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0481]; Idaho NSF EPSCoR [EPS 0814387]; BLM FX Research was funded by Grant W911NF-07-1-0481 from the US Army Research Laboratory and Research Office, Grant EPS 0814387 from Idaho NSF EPSCoR, and the BLM. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00026.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945SA UT WOS:000304295100007 ER PT J AU Kulpa, SM Leger, EA Espeland, EK Goergen, EM AF Kulpa, S. M. Leger, E. A. Espeland, E. K. Goergen, E. M. TI Postfire Seeding and Plant Community Recovery in the Great Basin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aspect; Bromus tectorum; density; emergency fire rehabilitation; frequency; restoration ID PONDEROSA PINE RESTORATION; SLOPE ASPECT; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; WILDFIRE; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; CHEATGRASS AB As wildland fire frequency increases around the globe, a better understanding of the patterns of plant community recovery in burned landscapes is needed to improve rehabilitation efforts. We measured establishment of seeded species, colonization of Bromus tectorum and other nonnative annual plants, and recovery of nonseeded native species in topographically distinct areas within five fires that burned Great Basin shrub-steppe communities in Elko County, Nevada. Plant density, frequency, and cover data were collected annually for 4 yr postfire. Vegetation composition varied among flat areas and north- and south-facing aspects, and changed over the course of the sampling period; recovery varied among sites. In general, B. tectorum densities were higher on south aspects, particularly 3 and 4 yr after fire, when densities increased dramatically relative to prefire conditions. Nonseeded native perennial grasses, forbs, and shrubs were abundant in three of the five fire sites, and were more likely to be present on north aspects and flat areas. Over time, nonseeded perennial grass densities remained relatively constant, and nonseeded forbs and shrubs increased. Seeded species were most likely to establish in flat areas, and the density of seeded perennial grasses, forbs, and shrubs decreased over time. Frequency and density measurements were highly correlated, especially for perennial species. Our results emphasize the value of considering site aspect and the potential for native regrowth when planning and monitoring restorations. For example, effective rehabilitation of south aspects may require the development of new restoration methods, whereas north aspects and flat areas in sites with a strong native component were not improved by the addition of seeded species, and may require weed control treatments, rather than reseeding, to improve recovery. Tailoring revegetation objectives, seed mixes, seeding rates, and monitoring efforts to conditions that vary within sites may lead to more cost effective and successful restoration. C1 [Kulpa, S. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Kulpa, S. M.; Leger, E. A.; Goergen, E. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Espeland, E. K.] USDA ARS, NPARL, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Kulpa, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM smkulpa@gmail.com FU University of Nevada, Reno; USDA-Hatch; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was funded by the University of Nevada, Reno, the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, and USDA-Hatch. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 38 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00046.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945SA UT WOS:000304295100008 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Jorgenson, MT Harden, JW McGuire, AD Kanevskiy, MZ Wickland, KP AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Jorgenson, M. Torre Harden, Jennifer W. McGuire, A. David Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z. Wickland, Kimberly P. TI The Effects of Permafrost Thaw on Soil Hydrologic, Thermal, and Carbon Dynamics in an Alaskan Peatland SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE peatlands; soil carbon; permafrost; thermokarst; Alaska; climate change; boreal ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; BOREAL PEATLANDS; WESTERN CANADA; ACCUMULATION; FIRE; CYCLE; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Recent warming at high-latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw in northern peatlands, and thaw can have profound effects on local hydrology and ecosystem carbon balance. To assess the impact of permafrost thaw on soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics, we measured soil hydrologic and thermal dynamics and soil OC stocks across a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in interior Alaska. We observed dramatic changes in the distribution of soil water associated with thawing of ice-rich frozen peat. The impoundment of warm water in collapse-scar bogs initiated talik formation and the lateral expansion of bogs over time. On average, Permafrost Plateaus stored 137 +/- 37 kg C m(-2), whereas OC storage in Young Bogs and Old Bogs averaged 84 +/- 13 kg C m(-2). Based on our reconstructions, the accumulation of OC in near-surface bog peat continued for nearly 1,000 years following permafrost thaw, at which point accumulation rates slowed. Rapid decomposition of thawed forest peat reduced deep OC stocks by nearly half during the first 100 years following thaw. Using a simple mass-balance model, we show that accumulation rates at the bog surface were not sufficient to balance deep OC losses, resulting inanet loss of OC from the entire peat column. An uncertainty analysis also revealed that the magnitude and timing of soil OC loss from thawed forest peat depends substantially on variation in OC input rates to bog peat and variation in decay constants for shallow and deep OC stocks. These findings suggest that permafrost thaw and the subsequent release of OC from thawed peat will likely reduce the strength of northern permafrost-affected peatlands as a carbon dioxide sink, and consequently, will likely accelerate rates of atmospheric warming. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jodonnell@usgs.gov OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0630249]; Institute of Northern Engineering at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S. Geological Survey FX Many thanks to Pedro Rodriguez for laboratory assistance, Kristen Manies for help with data processing, Trish Miller for help in the field, and Tom Douglas for sharing laboratory space. We would like to thank Stephanie Ewing, Kris Johnson, Vladimir Romanovsky, Eran Hood, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Koyukuk NWR helped with logistical support. Funding and support for J. O'Donnell was provided by the National Science Foundation collaborative Grant EAR-0630249, the Institute of Northern Engineering at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change program. NR 75 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 11 U2 135 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936PE UT WOS:000303601700004 ER PT J AU Franks, SE Norris, DR Kyser, TK Fernandez, G Schwarz, B Carmona, R Colwell, MA Sandoval, JC Dondua, A Gates, HR Haase, B Hodkinson, DJ Jimenez, A Lanctot, RB Ortego, B Sandercock, BK Sanders, F Takekawa, JY Warnock, N Ydenberg, RC Lank, DB AF Franks, Samantha E. Norris, D. Ryan Kyser, T. Kurt Fernandez, Guillermo Schwarz, Birgit Carmona, Roberto Colwell, Mark A. Sandoval, Jorge Correa Dondua, Alexey Gates, H. River Haase, Ben Hodkinson, David J. Jimenez, Ariam Lanctot, Richard B. Ortego, Brent Sandercock, Brett K. Sanders, Felicia Takekawa, John Y. Warnock, Nils Ydenberg, Ron C. Lank, David B. TI Range-wide patterns of migratory connectivity in the western sandpiper Calidris mauri SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; SCALE SPATIAL VARIATION; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; NORTH-AMERICA; DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; LATITUDINAL CLINES; WINTERING GROUNDS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES AB Understanding the population dynamics of migratory animals and predicting the consequences of environmental change requires knowing how populations are spatially connected between different periods of the annual cycle. We used stable isotopes to examine patterns of migratory connectivity across the range of the western sandpiper Calidris mauri. First, we developed a winter isotope basemap from stable-hydrogen (dD), -carbon (d13C), and -nitrogen (d15N) isotopes of feathers grown in wintering areas. dD and d15N values from wintering individuals varied with the latitude and longitude of capture location, while d13C varied with longitude only. We then tested the ability of the basemap to assign known-origin individuals. Sixty percent of wintering individuals were correctly assigned to their region of origin out of seven possible regions. Finally, we estimated the winter origins of breeding and migrant individuals and compared the resulting empirical distribution against the distribution that would be expected based on patterns of winter relative abundance. For breeding birds, the distribution of winter origins differed from expected only among males in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta and Nome, Alaska. Males in the Y-K Delta originated overwhelmingly from western Mexico, while in Nome, there were fewer males from western North America and more from the Baja Peninsula than expected. An unexpectedly high proportion of migrants captured at a stopover site in the interior United States originated from eastern and southern wintering areas, while none originated from western North America. In general, we document substantial mixing between the breeding and wintering populations of both sexes, which will buffer the global population of western sandpipers from the effects of local habitat loss on both breeding and wintering grounds. C1 [Franks, Samantha E.; Schwarz, Birgit; Jimenez, Ariam; Ydenberg, Ron C.; Lank, David B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jimenez, Ariam] Univ La Habana, Fac Biol, Havana 10400, Cuba. [Norris, D. Ryan] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Kyser, T. Kurt] Queens Univ, Queens Facil Isotope Res, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Fernandez, Guillermo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan 82040, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Carmona, Roberto] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Depto Biol Marina, La Paz 23081, Baja California, Mexico. [Colwell, Mark A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sandoval, Jorge Correa] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Dondua, Alexey] Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr, Chukotka Branch Chukot TINRO, Chukotka, Russia. [Gates, H. River; Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Hodkinson, David J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Haase, Ben] Museo Ballenas, Salinas, Ecuador. [Ortego, Brent] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Victoria, TX 77901 USA. [Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 95542 USA. [Warnock, Nils] Audubon Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Franks, SE (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM sfranks@sfu.ca RI Aceves, Guillermo/B-7534-2008; Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Aceves, Guillermo/0000-0002-8478-5575; Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; US Fish and Wildlife Service's Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act; Alaska Dept of Fish and Game; Mexican National Council for Science and Technology; National Science Foundation; Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Daimler-Benz Foundation; German Academic Exchange Service; American Ornithologists' Union; Kansas Ornithological Society; Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser Univ. FX We thank G. Andersen, S. Bucknell, A. Castillo, L. deGroote, R. Gardiner, K. Goodenough, N. Hentze, B. Hill, D. Hope, I. Jong, M. Leal, A. Schultz, U. Somjee, T. St Clair, D. Tracy, M. Tuz, and numerous field assistants for assisting with data collection. K. Klassen and A. Vuletich provided valuable lab assistance, while C. Smith and M. Court provided administrative assistance. D. Green, S. Skagen and P. Battley provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks to Sociedad Ornitologica Puertorrique a for providing us with unpublished survey data of the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats. Funding for this project was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act, the Alaska Dept of Fish and Game, the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology, the National Science Foundation, Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, the Daimler-Benz Foundation, the German Academic Exchange Service, the American Ornithologists' Union, the Kansas Ornithological Society, and the Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser Univ. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Capture, handling, and marking procedures were approved by the Simon Fraser Univ. Animal Care Committee (no. 873B-08). NR 74 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 43 IS 2 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.05573.x PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 939JG UT WOS:000303805100007 ER PT J AU Miller, IM Warrick, JA AF Miller, Ian M. Warrick, Jonathan A. TI Measuring sediment transport and bed disturbance with tracers on a mixed beach SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mixed beach; sediment transport; RFID; tracers; Elwha; Strait of Juan de Fuca; Puget Sound ID GRAVEL BEACH; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE; STEEP BEACHES; ELWHA RIVER; SAND; ENVIRONMENTS; SHORELINE; DEPTH; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS AB A new tracer deployment method is applied to the problem of resolving rates and patterns of littoral sediment transport on mixed beaches. We applied the method at the morphologically complex, meso-tidal beach fringing the Elwha River delta, Washington. Clasts were transformed into tracers using Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) tags. These tracers were deployed in and on the bed along a cross-shore oriented beach transect. Along- and cross-shore variations in tracer velocity were used to estimate sediment transport patterns, including the depth and cross-sectional area of the disturbed bed and bulk alongshore transport rates. We found that the peak bed disturbance averaged 22% of the tidal maximum significant wave height and that tracer velocity declined approximately logarithmically with depth in the bed. Across all deployments the maximum alongshore tracer velocity occurred between 1.0 and 2.0 m above Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), corresponding to elevations 0.3 m below and 0.7 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL) at this location. Alongshore bulk sediment transport rates estimated from the advection of tracers ranged from 1.1 to 173.1 m(3)/d under significant wave heights of 0.1 to 2.1 m and these transport rates related linearly to measured wave energy transport. Both the volumetric sediment transport rates and a CERC-type k coefficient derived from the results agreed well with results from other published studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Ian M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Miller, IM (reprint author), Washington Sea Grant Program, Olymp Peninsula Field Off, 1502 E Lauridsen Blvd 82, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM immiller@u.washington.edu; jwarrick@usgs.gov FU WSU BeachWatchers of Clallam County; Dave Rundio at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center; Friends of Long Marine Lab; Thomas Pratte Memorial Scholarship; Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center FX Field support was provided Dr. Andrea Ogsten, Kristen Lee, WSU BeachWatchers of Clallam County and, in particular, Russell Means. Other invaluable support was provided by Dave Rundio at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center who provided the RFID reader used in this investigation, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. This investigation benefited enormously and was vastly improved through discussions with Drs. Gary Griggs, Dan Buscombe, Guy Gelfenbaum, Noah Finnegan and Dave Rubin. Finally, financial support for the project was provided by the Friends of Long Marine Lab, the Thomas Pratte Memorial Scholarship, the Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust and the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 299 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.01.002 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 939FA UT WOS:000303791800001 ER PT J AU Bergstedt, RA Argyle, RL Krueger, CC Taylor, WW AF Bergstedt, Roger A. Argyle, Ray L. Krueger, Charles C. Taylor, William W. TI Bathythermal Habitat Use by Strains of Great Lakes- and Finger Lakes-Origin Lake Trout in Lake Huron after a Change in Prey Fish Abundance and Composition SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PREFERRED TEMPERATURE; THERMAL HABITAT; ARCTIC CHARR; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; RATION SIZE; ONTARIO; GROWTH AB A study conducted in Lake Huron during October 1998-June 2001 found that strains of Great Lakes-origin (GLO) lake trout Salvelinus namaycush occupied significantly higher temperatures than did Finger Lakes-origin (FLO; New York) lake trout based on data from archival (or data storage) telemetry tags that recorded only temperature. During 2002 and 2003, we implanted archival tags that recorded depth as well as temperature in GLO and FLO lake trout in Lake Huron. Data subsequently recorded by those tags spanned 2002-2005. Based on those data, we examined whether temperatures and depths occupied by GLO and FLO lake trout differed during 2002-2005. Temperatures occupied during those years were also compared with occupied temperatures reported for 1998-2001, before a substantial decline in prey fish biomass. Temperatures occupied by GLO lake trout were again significantly higher than those occupied by FLO lake trout. This result supports the conclusion of the previous study. The GLO lake trout also occupied significantly shallower depths than FLO lake trout. In 2002-2005, both GLO and FLO lake trout occupied significantly lower temperatures than they did in 1998-2001. Aside from the sharp decline in prey fish biomass between study periods, the formerly abundant pelagic alewife Alosa pseudoharengus virtually disappeared and the demersal round goby Neogobius melanostomus invaded the lake and became locally abundant. The lower temperatures occupied by lake trout in Lake Huron during 2002-2005 may be attributable to changes in the composition of the prey fish community, food scarcity (i.e., a retreat to cooler water could increase conversion efficiency), or both. C1 [Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Argyle, Ray L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bergstedt, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM rjbergstedt@gmail.com FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; USGS FX We thank Mary K. Jones, Karen Slaght, David Keffer, and Erick Larson of the HBBS for their professionalism and support in the conduct of this study; Mark Ebener for his help in coordinating fish collections from the tribal fisheries; and Jim Bence for assistance with statistical analyses. Funding for this study was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the USGS. This article is Contribution 1654 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.651069 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400001 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Kock, TJ Connor, WP Mullins, F Steinhorst, RK AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Kock, Tobias J. Connor, William P. Mullins, Frank Steinhorst, R. Kirk TI Downstream Movement of Fall Chinook Salmon Juveniles in the Lower Snake River Reservoirs during Winter and Early Spring SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; HABITAT USE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; LIFE-HISTORY; BROWN TROUT; SALAR L; STREAM AB We conducted a 3-year radiotelemetry study in the lower Snake River to (1) determine whether juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha pass dams during winter, when bypass systems and structures designed to prevent mortality are not operated; (2) determine whether downstream movement rate varies annually, seasonally, and from reservoir to reservoir; and (3) identify some of the factors that contribute to annual, seasonal, and spatial variation in downstream movement rate. Fall Chinook salmon juveniles moved downstream up to 169 km and at a sufficiently fast rate (7.5 km/d) such that large percentages (up to 93%) of the fish passed one or more dams during the winter. Mean downstream movement rate varied annually (9.2-11.3 km/d), increased from winter (7.5 km/d) to spring (16.4 km/d), and increased (from 6.9 to 16.8 km/d) as fish moved downstream from reservoir to reservoir. Fish condition factor at tagging explained some of the annual variation in downstream movement rate, whereas water particle velocity and temperature explained portions of the seasonal variation. An increase in migrational disposition as fish moved downstream helped to explain the spatial variation. The potential cost of winter movement might be reduced survival due to turbine passage at a time when the bypass systems and spillway passage structures are not operated. Efforts to understand and increase passage survival of winter migrants in large impoundments might help to rehabilitate some imperiled anadromous salmonid populations. C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Kock, Tobias J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Connor, William P.; Mullins, Frank] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Steinhorst, R. Kirk] Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501-A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey's Columbia River Research Laboratory and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Idaho Fisheries Resource Office for their efforts, which contributed to the success of this study. We acknowledge the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing assistance at the Lower Granite Dam juvenile fish facility. Comments by Brian Bellgraph, Pat Connolly, and three anonymous peer reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by Debbie Docherty. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.662203 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400003 ER PT J AU Wilzbach, MA Ashenfelter, MJ Ricker, SJ AF Wilzbach, Margaret A. Ashenfelter, Mark J. Ricker, Seth J. TI Movement of Resident Rainbow Trout Transplanted below a Barrier to Anadromy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; FRESH-WATER RESIDENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; MATING SYSTEM; COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD; RIVER; HISTORY AB We tracked the movement of resident coastal rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus that were experimentally transplanted below a migration barrier in a northern California stream. In 2005 and 2006, age-1 and older rainbow trout were captured above a 5-m-high waterfall in Freshwater Creek and individually marked with passive integrated transponder tags. Otolith microchemistry confirmed that the above-barrier trout were the progeny of resident rather than anadromous parents, and genetic analysis indicated that the rainbow trout were introgressed with cutthroat trout O. clarkii. At each of three sampling events, half of the tagged individuals (n = 22 and 43 trout in 2005 and 2006, respectively) were released 5 km downstream from the waterfall (approximately 10 km upstream from tidewater), and an equal number of tagged individuals were released above the barrier. Tagged individuals were subsequently relocated with stationary and mobile antennae or recaptured in downstream migrant traps, or both, until tracking ceased in October 2007. Most transplanted individuals remained within a few hundred meters of their release location. Three individuals, including one rainbow trout released above the waterfall, were last detected in the tidally influenced lower creek. Two additional tagged individuals released above the barrier were found alive in below-barrier reaches and had presumably washed over the falls. Two of seven tagged rainbow trout captured in downstream migrant traps had smolted and one was a presmolt. The smoltification of at least some individuals, coupled with above-barrier "leakage" of fish downstream, suggests that above-barrier resident trout have the potential to exhibit migratory behavior and to enter breeding populations of steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) within the basin. C1 [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ashenfelter, Mark J.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ricker, Seth J.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Anadromous Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monito, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wilzbach, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1 Harper St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM margaret.wilzbach@humboldt.edu FU California Department of Fish and Game FX This research was supported by a grant from the Steelhead Report Card Program of the California Department of Fish and Game. We thank Christian Zimmerman for conducting our otolith analyses, Andrew Kinziger for assistance with genetic analyses, and Matt Metheny and other students with the California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for field assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.662204 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400004 ER PT J AU Jolley, JC Silver, GS Whitesel, TA AF Jolley, Jeffrey C. Silver, Gregory S. Whitesel, Timothy A. TI Occupancy and Detection of Larval Pacific Lampreys and Lampetra spp. in a Large River: the Lower Willamette River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ST-MARYS RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER-RIVER; HABITAT USE; TRIDENTATA; ABUNDANCE; BASIN; PETROMYZONTIDAE; CONSERVATION; WASHINGTON AB Pacific lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus (formerly Lampetra tridentata) are declining in the Columbia River basin, and the use of large, main-stem river habitats by larvae of this species is unknown. We used a deepwater electrofisher to explore occupancy, detection, and habitat use of larval Pacific lampreys and larval Lampetra spp. in the lower Willamette River, Oregon. We used a generalized random tessellation stratified approach to select sampling quadrats (30 x 30 m) in a random, spatially balanced order. Pacific lampreys, Lampetra spp., and unidentified lampreys were found in the Willamette River; larvae were detected in all areas except the Multnomah Channel. We calculated reach- and quadrat-specific detection probabilities and the amount of sampling effort required for 80% confidence that larval lampreys were in fact absent when they were not detected. Lampreys were detected in a variety of areas (although relatively low numbers were collected), including shallow, nearshore areas; midchannel areas (depth up to 16 m); and anthropogenically affected areas. Detection probabilities (i.e., in occupied areas) were 0.07 (reach) and 0.23 (quadrat). The sampling effort required for 80% confidence that lampreys were absent when undetected was 20 quadrats (in the lower Willamette River reach) and 6 subquadrats (within a quadrat). Differences in lamprey detection by depth were not observed. A variety of sizes was collected (20-144mmtotal length), indicating the likely occurrence of multiple ages of larvae. Our study identifies how the occurrence of larval Pacific lampreys can be quantified with statistical rigor in a large river (i.e., larger than fourth order [1: 100,000 scale]). The effect of channel management activities on larval lampreys should be considered in efforts to conserve these important species. C1 [Jolley, Jeffrey C.; Silver, Gregory S.; Whitesel, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Jolley, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jeffrey_jolley@fws.gov FU USFWS Region; Columbia River Fisheries Program Office; City of Portland FX This project was funded by USFWS Region 1. B. Davis, M. Satter, staff of the Columbia River Fisheries Program Office, and staff of the City of Portland provided field assistance. M. Fodale and D. Kochanski (USFWS) provided the deepwater electrofisher and technical guidance, and J. Buck (USFWS) facilitated this exchange. K. Steinke (USFWS) fabricated the electrofisher controls and provided valuable technical expertise. H. Schaller, P. Wilson, and M. Hudson (USFWS) provided technical guidance. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the USFWS. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.662201 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400005 ER PT J AU Brown, PJ Ard, JL Zale, AV AF Brown, Peter J. Ard, Jenifer L. Zale, Alexander V. TI Transverse Mixing of Simulated Piscicides in Small Montane Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; ROTENONE USE AB Thorough mixing of piscicides into receiving waters is important for efficient and effective fish eradication. However, no guidance exists for the placement of drip stations with respect to mixing. Salt (NaCl) was used as a tracer to measure the mixing rates of center versus edge applications in riffle-pool, straight, and meandering sections of montane streams. The tracer was applied at either the center or the edge of a channel and measured with a conductivity meter across a downstream grid to determine the distances at which transverse mixing was complete. No advantage was accrued by applying piscicides in different types of channels because transverse mixing distance did not differ among them. However, mixing distance was significantly shorter at center applications. Chemicals entering a stream at the center of the channel mixed thoroughly within 10 stream widths, whereas chemicals entering a stream channel at the edge mixed thoroughly within 20 stream widths. C1 [Brown, Peter J.; Ard, Jenifer L.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brown, PJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Lewis Hall,POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM peterbrown406@gmail.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.664602 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400009 ER PT J AU Negus, MT Bergstedt, RA AF Negus, Mary T. Bergstedt, Roger A. TI Rates of Intraperitoneal Temperature Change in Lake Trout Implanted with Archival Tags SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; DATA-STORAGE TAGS; PREFERRED TEMPERATURE; HEAT-TRANSFER; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; DEPTH PREFERENCES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FISH; MOVEMENTS AB The rates of change in the intraperitoneal temperature of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush weighing between 817 g and 2,230 g were examined in the laboratory. Nine lake trout implanted with archival tags were moved between three tanks containing different water temperatures. The intraperitoneal temperatures recorded by the archival tags lagged behind the external temperatures when these thermal changes were encountered, but the smallest fish shifted temperature about twice as fast as the largest fish. The rate of core temperature change can be described by Newton's law of cooling, which states that the rate of temperature change of an object is proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the ambient temperature. This time lag can provide ample opportunity for fish to make brief forays into water temperatures outside an optimal range, while experiencing minimal change in intraperitoneal temperature. The relationship between the rate of temperature change and body mass varies with the body shape and the location where measurements are taken. The rate of thermal exchange was calculated from each temperature trial, and a regression derived from the log-log plot of these rates versus body mass was used to determine a standardized rate of thermal exchange for lake trout of any body mass within the range tested. C1 [Negus, Mary T.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Negus, MT (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 5351 N Shore Dr, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mary.negus@state.mn.us FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Dingell-Johnson) Program FX Thanks are extended to Rodney Pierce, Charles Anderson, Donald Pereira, and Cassandra May, who provided helpful suggestions and editorial review of earlier drafts of this manuscript. Statistical advice was provided by David Staples, statistician for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Unit. Funding for this study provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey. Manuscript preparation for this study was funded in part by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Dingell-Johnson) Program. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.664600 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400013 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Hightower, JE AF Smith, Joseph A. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Effect of Low-Head Lock-and-Dam Structures on Migration and Spawning of American Shad and Striped Bass in the Cape Fear River, North Carolina SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-SIZE; ROANOKE RIVER; HABITAT AB Anadromous fish populations within the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, have declined substantially since the late 1800s. Three low-head lock-and-dam (LD) structures on the river (LD-1-3) contributed to this decline by limiting access to upstream spawning habitat. We used egg sampling and sonic telemetry to examine the effects of the LD structures on migration and spawning activity of American shad Alosa sapidissima and striped bass Morone saxatilis. Egg distribution and stage of development suggested that most of the American shad spawning took place downstream from the lower most structure, LD-1. The predicted mean density of stage-1 American shad eggs at a water temperature of 21. C was 895 eggs/1,000 m(3) (95% credible interval [CI] = 800-994) below LD-1; 147 eggs/1,000 m(3) (95% CI = 103-197) below LD-2; and 32 eggs/1,000 m(3) (95% CI = 17-49) below the uppermost structure, LD-3. The probability of capturing a stage-1 American shad egg was strongly dependent on water temperature and hour of egg collection. Transmitter detections for 20 sonic-tagged American shad and 20 striped bass in 2008 showed that for both species, the majority of fish moved upstream of LD-1; 35% of American shad and 25% of striped bass migrated upstream of LD-3. Based on passage rates at the three LD structures, American shad would be expected to be most abundant downstream of LD-1 and upstream of LD-3. For striped bass, the river section between LD-2 and LD-3 had the highest egg collections and highest predicted proportion of the run. In combination, these results demonstrate that the locking program provides some access to historical spawning habitat, although further improvements in fish passage could benefit both species. C1 [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM smith.8065@osu.edu NR 46 TC 5 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 402 EP 413 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.667043 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400015 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowker, JD Gause, BR Mulligan, BL AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowker, James D. Gause, Brian R. Mulligan, Bonnie L. TI Chemical and Electrical Approaches to Sedation of Hybrid Striped Bass: Induction, Recovery, and Physiological Responses to Sedation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLOVE OIL; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ATLANTIC SALMON; ANESTHETIC TREATMENT; STRESS INDICATORS AB Currently, in the United States, there are few sedatives available to fisheries professionals that are safe, effective, and practical. Chemical sedatives, including tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), carbon dioxide (CO2), benzocaine, and eugenol may be used to sedate fish, though none of these compounds are currently approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as immediate-release fish sedatives. Another option is the use of electricity to temporarily immobilize fish. Few studies have assessed the efficacy of these options for immediate-release sedation in side-by-side comparisons. We evaluated the use of MS-222 (150 mg/L), CO2 (similar to 400 mg/L), benzocaine (150 mg/L), eugenol (60 mg/L), and a commercially available electrosedation unit (30 Hz pulsed DC, 60 V, 25% duty cycle, 3-s exposures) to induce hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass M. saxatilis; 510 +/- 12 g [mean +/- SE]) to stage IV anesthesia or sedation. Induction times were shortest (0.2 +/- 0.1 min) when electrosedation was used and longest (2.5 +/- 0.1 min) when CO2 was used; the induction times for the other chemical sedatives varied (<2 min). Recovery times were longest for eugenol (5.2 +/- 0.4 min postinduction) and benzocaine (4.0 +/- 0.4 min); however, the difference in recovery time between these two treatments was not significant or between recovery times for benzocaine and the remaining sedatives (similar to 3-4 min). Physiological responses varied but were consistent with the generalized stress response. Circulating levels of cortisol, glucose, and lactate increased after sedation, and though response magnitude and duration varied somewhat among these variables, these changes were resolved within 6 h. Changes in plasma osmolality and hematocrit were less overt and varied less among the sedatives. Electrosedation may be a suitable tool for quickly sedating hybrid striped bass; however, all of the sedatives evaluated were effective at the doses and strengths used and some may be better suited to certain applications than to others. C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.; Gause, Brian R.; Mulligan, Bonnie L.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.664603 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400019 ER PT J AU DeHaan, PW Scheerer, PD Rhew, R Ardren, WR AF DeHaan, Patrick W. Scheerer, Paul D. Rhew, Ron Ardren, William R. TI Analyses of Genetic Variation in Populations of Oregon Chub, a Threatened Floodplain Minnow in a Highly Altered Environment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; FRESH-WATER CYPRINID; CAPE FEAR SHINER; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; CONSERVATION GENETICS; WILLAMETTE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; NOTROPIS-MEKISTOCHOLAS; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION AB The Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri is a small floodplain minnow endemic to the Willamette River basin of western Oregon. Historically the species was widely abundant and probably relied on periodic floods for dispersal and genetic exchange among populations. The species has declined substantially in the past 100 years due to habitat alterations and the introduction of nonnative species and is currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Information on the level of genetic variation within and among populations did not exist when the species was listed or when a recovery plan was being developed. In this study, we used a suite of nine microsatellite loci to characterize genetic variation within and among 16 sampling locations and provide information to help guide future recovery efforts. Even though many locations are presently isolated from one another, we observed relatively high levels of genetic variation within collections. Temporal samples revealed that the levels of genetic variation were stable over time despite fluctuations in abundance. Estimates of effective population size (N-e) for three sampling locations ranged from approximately 120 to 220 and suggest that there is no immediate threat from inbreeding or genetic drift. We observed a significant level of genetic variation among sampling locations (global F-ST = 0.078) and significant differences in allele frequencies among all sampling locations. Our results suggest that the different locations represent distinct populations of Oregon chub and that greater levels of gene flow occur among populations within the Santiam and Middle Fork Willamette River subbasins. The information presented in this study will help guide Oregon chub recovery efforts, including the refinement of recovery areas and future population introduction efforts, and will help address the challenge of managing populations largely in isolation from one another in order to minimize threats from nonnative species. C1 [DeHaan, Patrick W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Scheerer, Paul D.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Native Fish Invest Project, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Rhew, Ron] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP DeHaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM patrick_dehaan@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office and Columbia River Fisheries Program Office FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office and Columbia River Fisheries Program Office. We thank Lara Amata, Matt Diggs, and Jennifer Whalen for providing laboratory assistance, Sheila Davis and Peggy Kavanagh for providing field assistance, Brian Bangs for providing the map used in Figure 1, and Doug Baus for helping to initiate this project. Patty Crandell, Denise Hawkins, Molly McGlauflin, Kim Garner, Rollie White, Doug Markle, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 112 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 533 EP 549 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.670184 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400026 ER PT J AU Brown, PJ Zale, AV AF Brown, Peter J. Zale, Alexander V. TI Rotenone Persistence Model for Montane Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; VOLATILIZATION; ANTIMYCIN; TOXICITY; SIZE AB The efficient and effective use of rotenone is hindered by its unknown persistence in streams. Environmental conditions degrade rotenone, but current label instructions suggest fortifying the chemical along a stream based on linear distance or travel time rather than environmental conditions. Our objective was to develop models that use measurements of environmental conditions to predict rotenone persistence in streams. Detailed measurements of ultraviolet radiation, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), substrate composition, amount of organic matter, channel slope, and travel time were made along stream segments located between rotenone treatment stations and cages containing bioassay fish in six streams. The amount of fine organic matter, biofilm, sand, gravel, cobble, rubble, small boulders, slope, pH, TDS, ORP, light reaching the stream, energy dissipated, discharge, and cumulative travel time were each significantly correlated with fish death. By using logistic regression, measurements of environmental conditions were paired with the responses of bioassay fish to develop a model that predicted the persistence of rotenone toxicity in streams. This model was validated with data from two additional stream treatment reaches. Rotenone persistence was predicted by a model that used travel time, rubble, and ORP. When this model predicts a probability of less than 0.95, those who apply rotenone can expect incomplete eradication and should plan on fortifying rotenone concentrations. The significance of travel time has been previously identified and is currently used to predict rotenone persistence. However, rubble substrate, which may be associated with the degradation of rotenone by adsorption and volatilization in turbulent environments, was not previously considered. C1 [Brown, Peter J.; Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brown, PJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, US Geol Survey, Lewis Hall,POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM peterbrown406@gmail.com NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.670186 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400028 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Long, JA Gee, G Wildt, DE Donoghue, AM AF Blanco, Juan M. Long, Julie A. Gee, George Wildt, David E. Donoghue, Ann M. TI Comparative cryopreservation of avian spermatozoa: Effects of freezing and thawing rates on turkey and sandhill crane sperm cryosurvival SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Spermatozoa; Turkey; Crane; Freezing rate; Fertility ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; FERTILIZING ABILITY; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; CHICKEN SEMEN; GANDER SEMEN; COOLING RATE; FROZEN; VIABILITY; POULTRY; CRYOPROTECTANTS AB A comparative approach was used to evaluate semen cooling rates, thawing rates and freezing volume on the cryosurvival of avian sperm. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) sperm were cryopreserved with dimethylacetamide (DMA) concentrations ranging from 6% to 26%. Experiments evaluated the efficacy of (1) rapid, moderate and slow cooling rates, (2) rapid and slow thawing rates, and (3) final volume of semen frozen (0.2 mL compared to 0.5 mL). For crane sperm only, additional experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of sucrose on cryosurvival. The functionality of frozen/thawed crane sperm was evaluated by fertility trials. For all studies, sperm viability was assessed using the nigrosin-eosin stain. Higher percentages of crane and turkey sperm maintained intact membranes when frozen with moderate or slow cooling rates compared to rapid cooling rates (P < 0.05), regardless of DMA concentration. Turkey sperm viability was not affected by thawing rate at any DMA concentration (P > 0.05). Crane sperm viability was only affected by thawing rate for the 24% DMA treatment, where moderate thawing was better than slow thawing (P < 0.05). Sperm viability was not affected by the semen volume used for freezing for either species (P > 0.05). The percentage of membrane-intact crane sperm at lower DMA concentrations was improved by addition of 0.1 M sucrose (P < 0.05) but not 0.29 M NaCl. The mean fertility rate from frozen/thawed crane semen was 57.5%, and 71.4% of the fertile eggs hatched. The viability of crane sperm was always greater than turkey sperm, regardless of cooling rate, thawing rate or volume of semen frozen. These data verify avian-specific differences in sperm cryosurvival, further emphasize the need for species specific studies to optimize cryopreservation protocols. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blanco, Juan M.; Long, Julie A.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, ABBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.] Aquila Fdn, Toledo, Spain. [Blanco, Juan M.] CERI Toledo, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Toledo, Spain. [Gee, George] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Wildt, David E.] Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Donoghue, Ann M.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 71656 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), BARC E, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Bldg 200,Room 120,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM julie.long@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [SP 33]; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Women's Committee; Aquila Foundation FX This study was supported by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Services Project #SP 33, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS, the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, the Smithsonian Institution/British Airways partnership, the Smithsonian Women's Committee and the Aquila Foundation. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or imply its approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or vendors. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.02.001 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 930IO UT WOS:000303133300001 PM 22406423 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Rosenbauer, RJ Palandri, J Maroto-Valer, MM AF Garcia, S. Rosenbauer, R. J. Palandri, J. Maroto-Valer, M. M. TI Sequestration of non-pure carbon dioxide streams in iron oxyhydroxide-containing saline repositories SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CO2 storage; Mineral trapping; Saline aquifers; SO2 ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; HIGH-PRESSURES; MINERAL TRAP; FERRIC IRON; IN-SITU; STANDARD; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; DISSOLUTION AB Iron oxyhydroxide, goethite (alpha-FeOOH), was evaluated as a potential formation mineral reactant for trapping CO2 in a mineral phase such as siderite (FeCO3), when a mixture of CO2-SO2 flue gas is injected into a saline aquifer. Two thermodynamic simulations were conducted, equilibrating a CO2-SO2 fluid mixture with a NaCl-brine and Fe-rich rocks at 150 degrees C and 300 bar. The modeling studies evaluated mineral and fluid composition at equilibrium and the influence of pH buffering in the system. Results show siderite precipitates both in the buffered and unbuffered system; however, the presence of an alkaline pH buffer enhances the stability of the carbonate. Based on the model, an experiment was designed to compare with thermodynamic predictions. A CO2-SO2 gas mixture was reacted in 150 ml of NaCl-NaOH brine containing 10 g of goethite at 150 degrees C and 300 bar for 24 days. Mineralogical and brine chemistry confirmed siderite as the predominant reaction product in the system. Seventy-six mg of CO2 are sequestered in siderite per 10 g of goethite. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, S.; Maroto-Valer, M. M.] Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn, Energy & Sustainabil Res Div, CICCS, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Rosenbauer, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Palandri, J.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Garcia, S (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon INCAR, Apartado 73, Oviedo 33080, Spain. EM sgarcia@incar.csic.es RI Maroto-Valer, Mercedes/F-5016-2014 OI Maroto-Valer, Mercedes/0000-0003-1643-2863 FU Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS) through the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC [EP/F012098/1]; University of Nottingham FX The financial support of the Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS) through the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC (EP/F012098/1), and the University of Nottingham Business-Engineering and Science Travel Scholarships (BESTS) Program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank Junfeng Qin, Larry Miller and Gil Ambats at USGS and Ignacio Villar at the University of Nottingham for their help and assistance in the lab, IC analyses, spectrophotometric and XPS analyses respectively. Thanks are also due to James Bischoff and Burt Thomas for suggestions and comments to improve this manuscript. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 7 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.12.004 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 932KO UT WOS:000303290200010 ER PT J AU Zheng, LG Apps, JA Spycher, N Birkholzer, JT Kharaka, YK Thordsen, J Beers, SR Herkelrath, WN Kakouros, E Trautz, RC AF Zheng, Liange Apps, John A. Spycher, Nicolas Birkholzer, Jens T. Kharaka, Yousif K. Thordsen, James Beers, Sarah R. Herkelrath, William N. Kakouros, Evangelos Trautz, Robert C. TI Geochemical modeling of changes in shallow groundwater chemistry observed during the MSU-ZERT CO2 injection experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CO2; Groundwater; Geochemistry; ZERT; Risk assessment ID CALCITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS; FRESH-WATER RESOURCES; ROCK INTERACTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CATION-EXCHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; TRANSPORT; GAS; AQUIFERS AB A field experiment involving the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a shallow aquifer was conducted near Bozeman, Montana, during the summer of 2008, to investigate the potential groundwater quality impacts in the case of leakage of CO2 from deep geological storage. As an essential part of the Montana State University Zero Emission Research and Technology (MSU-ZERT) field program, food-grade CO2 was injected over a 30 day period into a horizontal perforated pipe a few feet below the water table of a shallow aquifer. The impact of elevated CO2 concentrations on groundwater quality was investigated by analyzing water samples taken before, during, and following CO2 injection, from observation wells located in the vicinity of the injection pipe, and from two distant monitoring wells. Field measurements and laboratory analyses showed rapid and systematic changes in pH, alkalinity, and conductance, as well as increases in the aqueous concentrations of naturally occurring major and trace element species. The geochemical data were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) to (1) understand potential correlations between aqueous species, and (2) to identify minerals controlling the chemical composition of the groundwater prior to CO2 injection. These evaluations were used to assess possible geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of dissolved constituents, and to simulate these processes using a multicomponent reaction path model. Reasonable agreement between observed and modeled data suggests that (1) calcite dissolution was the primary pH buffer, yielding increased Ca+2 concentrations in the groundwater, (2) increases in the concentrations of most major and trace metal cations except Fe could be a result of Ce+2-driven exchange reactions, (3) the release of anions from adsorption sites due to competitive adsorption of carbonate could explain the observed trends of most anions, and (4) the dissolution of reactive Fe minerals (presumed ferrihydrite and fougerite, from thermodynamic analyses) could explain increases in total Fe concentration. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Liange; Apps, John A.; Spycher, Nicolas; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James; Beers, Sarah R.; Herkelrath, William N.; Kakouros, Evangelos] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Trautz, Robert C.] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Zheng, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lzheng@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; zheng, liange/B-9748-2011; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535; FU Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI FX This research was conducted within the MSU-ZERT project directed by Lee Spangler and managed by Laura Dobeck, MSU, Bozeman, MT. We thank the entire MSU-ZERT team and participating organizations for creating a supportive and exciting research environment. We also thank Toby Day of the Montana State University Extension Service for drawing our attention to precipitation records at the Bozeman airport. This research was funded primarily by the Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI. NR 56 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 7 BP 202 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.10.003 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 932KO UT WOS:000303290200021 ER PT J AU Ravens, TM Jones, BM Zhang, JL Arp, CD Schmutz, JA AF Ravens, Thomas M. Jones, Benjamin M. Zhang, Jinlin Arp, Christopher D. Schmutz, Joel A. TI Process-Based Coastal Erosion Modeling for Drew Point, North Slope, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Coastal; Erosion; Shoreline; Change; Model; Climate; Change; Niche erosion; Block collapse ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; RETREAT; REGIONS; RATES AB A predictive, coastal erosion/shoreline change model has been developed for a small coastal segment near Drew Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska. This coastal setting has experienced a dramatic increase in erosion since the early 2000's. The bluffs at this site are 3-4 m tall and consist of ice-wedge bounded blocks of fine-grained sediments cemented by ice-rich permafrost and capped with a thin organic layer. The bluffs are typically fronted by a narrow (similar to 5 m wide) beach or none at all. During a storm surge, the sea contacts the base of the bluff and a niche is formed through thermal and mechanical erosion. The niche grows both vertically and laterally and eventually undermines the bluff, leading to block failure or collapse. The fallen block is then eroded both thermally and mechanically by waves and currents, which must occur before a new niche forming episode may begin. The erosion model explicitly accounts for and integrates a number of these processes including: (1) storm surge generation resulting from wind and atmospheric forcing, (2) erosional niche growth resulting from wave-induced turbulent heat transfer and sediment transport (using the Kobayashi niche erosion model), and (3) thermal and mechanical erosion of the fallen block. The model was calibrated with historic shoreline change data for one time period (1979-2002), and validated with a later time period (2002-2007). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000106. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Ravens, Thomas M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Civil Engn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zhang, Jinlin] Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Ravens, TM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Civil Engn, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM TomRavens@uaa.alaska.edu; bjones@usgs.gov; zhang@apl.washington.edu; cdarp@alaska.edu; jschmutz@usgs.gov OI Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU USGS Alaska Science Center; NSF [ARC-0611967] FX Tom Ravens was supported by a grant from the USGS Alaska Science Center. Jinlun Zhang gratefully acknowledges the support of NSF (grant ARC-0611967). NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 138 IS 2 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000106 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 918AE UT WOS:000302220400005 ER PT J AU Cockell, CS Voytek, MA Gronstal, AL Finster, K Kirshtein, JD Howard, K Reitner, J Gohn, GS Sanford, WE Horton, JW Kallmeyer, J Kelly, L Powars, DS AF Cockell, Charles S. Voytek, Mary A. Gronstal, Aaron L. Finster, Kai Kirshtein, Julie D. Howard, Kieren Reitner, Joachim Gohn, Gregory S. Sanford, Ward E. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Kallmeyer, Jens Kelly, Laura Powars, David S. TI Impact Disruption and Recovery of the Deep Subsurface Biosphere SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asteroid; Impacts; Subsurface biosphere; Subterranean environment; Geobiology ID CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; METEOR CRATER AB Although a large fraction of the world's biomass resides in the subsurface, there has been no study of the effects of catastrophic disturbance on the deep biosphere and the rate of its subsequent recovery. We carried out an investigation of the microbiology of a 1.76 km drill core obtained from the similar to 35 million-year-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA, with robust contamination control. Microbial enumerations displayed a logarithmic downward decline, but the different gradient, when compared to previously studied sites, and the scatter of the data are consistent with a rnicrobiota influenced by the geological disturbances caused by the impact. Microbial abundance is low in buried crater-fill, ocean-resurge, and avalanche deposits despite the presence of redox couples for growth. Coupled with the low hydraulic conductivity, the data suggest the microbial community has not yet recovered from the impact similar to 35 million years ago. Microbial enumerations, molecular analysis of microbial enrichment cultures, and geochemical analysis showed recolonization of a deep region of impact-fractured rock that was heated to above the upper temperature limit for life at the time of impact. These results show how, by fracturing subsurface rocks, impacts can extend the depth of the biosphere. This phenomenon would have provided deep refugia for life on the more heavily bombarded early Earth, and it shows that the deeply fractured regions of impact craters are promising targets to study the past and present habitability of Mars. C1 [Cockell, Charles S.; Gronstal, Aaron L.; Kelly, Laura] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Voytek, Mary A.; Kirshtein, Julie D.; Gohn, Gregory S.; Sanford, Ward E.; Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Powars, David S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Finster, Kai] Aarhus Univ, Microbiol Sect, Inst Biol Sci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Howard, Kieren] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Reitner, Joachim] Univ Gottingen, Ctr Geosci, Dept Geobiol, Gottingen, Germany. [Kallmeyer, Jens] Univ Potsdam, Inst Erd & Umweltwissensch, Golm, Germany. [Howard, Kieren] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Cockell, CS (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, James Clerk Maxwell Bldg,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM c.s.cockell@ed.ac.uk RI Kallmeyer, Jens/I-3554-2012; Finster, Kai/I-7475-2013 OI Kallmeyer, Jens/0000-0002-6440-1140; FU ICDP; USGS; Carlsberg Foundation; NASA Astrobiology Institute; Verbundvorhaben GeoEnergie; German Excellence Initiative FX We acknowledge support from the ICDP, USGS, Carlsberg Foundation, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute. Funding for J.K. was provided through the "Verbundvorhaben GeoEnergie" and for J.R. through the German Excellence Initiative. The use of brand names does not imply endorsement by USGS. NR 122 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 36 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.1089/ast.2011.0722 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 922AH UT WOS:000302518700004 PM 22468887 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Kwong, NS AF Kalkan, Erol Kwong, Neal S. TI Assessment of Modal-Pushover-Based Scaling Procedure for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Ordinary Standard Bridges SO JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ordinary Standard bridge; Nonlinear analysis; Ground motion; Selection and scaling; Seismic design ID GROUND MOTIONS; INTENSITY MEASURES; NEAR-SOURCE; SELECTION; RECORDS; EPSILON; DESIGN AB The earthquake engineering profession is increasingly utilizing nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) to evaluate seismic performance of existing structures and proposed designs of new structures. One of the main ingredients of nonlinear RHA is a set of ground motion records representing the expected hazard environment for the structure. When recorded motions do not exist (as is the case in the central United States) or when high-intensity records are needed (as is the case in San Francisco and Los Angeles), ground motions from other tectonically similar regions need to be selected and scaled. The modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure was recently developed to determine scale factors for a small number of records such that the scaled records provide accurate and efficient estimates of "true" median structural responses. The adjective "accurate" refers to the discrepancy between the benchmark responses and those computed from the MPS procedure. The adjective "efficient" refers to the record-to-record variability of responses. In this paper, the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are evaluated by applying it to four types of existing Ordinary Standard bridges typical of reinforced concrete bridge construction in California. These bridges are the single-bent overpass, multi-span bridge, curved bridge, and skew bridge. As compared with benchmark analyses of unscaled records using a larger catalog of ground motions, it is demonstrated that the MPS procedure provided an accurate estimate of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) accompanied by significantly reduced record-to-record variability of the EDPs. Thus, it is a useful tool for scaling ground motions as input to nonlinear RHAs of Ordinary Standard bridges. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000259. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kwong, Neal S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; nealsimonkwong@berkeley.edu FU Earthquake Engineering Research Institute FX The first author would like to acknowledge the generous support of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute for providing him the 2008 EERI/FEMA NEHRP Professional Fellowship in Earthquake Hazard Reduction to pursue a research study on developing "Practical Guidelines to Select and Scale Earthquake Records for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Structures"; this paper is a sequel to this previous work. We also wish to acknowledge the insightful comments of Anil K. Chopra and generous support of Sungchil Lee, Maria Feng, Sashi K. Kunnath, and Emrah Erduran with OpenSees models. Lastly, thanks to Juan Carlos Reyes, Toorak Zokaie, Farzin Zareian, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the technical quality of this paper. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0702 J9 J BRIDGE ENG JI J. Bridge Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 272 EP 288 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000259 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 918BG UT WOS:000302223200009 ER PT J AU Perry, G Bertoluci, J Bury, B Hansen, RW Jehle, R Measey, J Moon, BR Muths, E Zuffi, MAL AF Perry, Gad Bertoluci, Jaime Bury, Bruce Hansen, Robert W. Jehle, Robert Measey, John Moon, Brad R. Muths, Erin Zuffi, Marco A. L. TI The "Peer" in "Peer Review" SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GOLDEN-RULE C1 [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bertoluci, Jaime] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bury, Bruce] USGS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jehle, Robert] Univ Salford, Manchester, England. [Measey, John] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Moon, Brad R.] Univ Louisiana, Lafayette, LA USA. [Muths, Erin] USGS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Museum Nat Hist, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Perry, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Measey, G John/F-2028-2010; Bertoluci, Jaime/C-2824-2012 OI Measey, G John/0000-0001-9939-7615; NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1670/11-258 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 921BD UT WOS:000302452100001 ER PT J AU Lee, DE Bettaso, JB Bond, ML Bradley, RW Tietz, JR Warzybok, PM AF Lee, Derek E. Bettaso, James B. Bond, Monica L. Bradley, Russell W. Tietz, James R. Warzybok, Peter M. TI Growth, Age at Maturity, and Age-Specific Survival of the Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris) on Southeast Farallon Island, California SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; BODY-SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; ROBUST DESIGN; DESMOGNATHINE SALAMANDERS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; POPULATION PARAMETERS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; AMPHIBIANS; MODELS AB Growth, age at maturity, and survival are life-history parameters that provide important information for understanding population dynamics. We modeled growth and age at maturity for an island population of Arboreal Salamanders, Aneides lugubris, using snout vent length (SVL) growth intervals from a 4-yr capture mark recapture study fit to the von Bertalanffy growth interval model. We estimated annual survival as a function of SVL using a multistate open robust design model, and computed age-specific survival using results from the von Bertalanffy growth model. Arboreal Salamanders have indeterminate growth that slows with age from hatchling size (24.4-mm SVL) to the mean adult (asymptotic) size of 66.0-mm SVL. Age at maturity is 2.69 yr, and average adult age is 8-11 yr. Annual survival increased with age from 0.363 in age 0 to 0.783 in ages >4 yr. Our results provide the first estimates of life-history parameters for this species and indicate similarities to other terrestrial salamanders from low-elevation Mediterranean climates. C1 [Lee, Derek E.; Bond, Monica L.; Bradley, Russell W.; Tietz, James R.; Warzybok, Peter M.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Bettaso, James B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lee, DE (reprint author), Wild Nat Inst, POB 165, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM derek.e.lee@dartmouth.edu RI Lee, Derek/E-1131-2013; Bond, Monica/E-3161-2013; OI Lee, Derek/0000-0002-1042-9543; Bond, Monica/0000-0002-1042-9543; Bond, Monica/0000-0001-8500-6564 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Farallon Patrol; Friends of the Farallones; PRBO FX We thank Farallon research assistants for help collecting data in the field. Work was carried out under California Department of Fish and Game Scientific Collecting Permit SC-008556. We are grateful for the financial and logistical support provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Farallon Patrol, Friends of the Farallones, and PRBO colleagues on the mainland. This is PRBO contribution 1763. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1670/10-282 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 921BD UT WOS:000302452100012 ER PT J AU Smith, CG Swarzenski, PW AF Smith, Christopher G. Swarzenski, Peter W. TI An investigation of submarine groundwater-borne nutrient fluxes to the west Florida shelf and recurrent harmful algal blooms SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DELAYED COINCIDENCE COUNTER; IN-AIR MONITOR; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; PORE-WATER; COASTAL WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; TAMPA BAY; RED TIDES; DISCHARGE; RADON AB A cross-shelf, water-column mass balance of radon-222 (Rn-222) provided estimates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), which were then used to quantify benthic nutrient fluxes. Surface water and groundwater were collected along a shore-normal transect that extended from Tampa Bay, Florida, across the Pinellas County peninsula, to the 10-m isobath in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were analyzed for Rn-222 and radium-223,224,226 (Ra-223,Ra-224,Ra-226) activities as well as inorganic and organic nutrients. Cross-shore gradients of Rn-222 and Ra-223,Ra-224,Ra-226 activities indicate a nearshore source for these isotopes, which mixes with water characterized by low activities offshore. Radon-based SGD rates vary between 2.5 and 15 cm d(-1) proximal to the shoreline and decrease offshore. The source of SGD is largely shallow exchange between surface and pore waters, although deeper groundwater cycling may also be important. Enrichment of total dissolved nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus in pore water combined with SGD rates results in specific nutrient fluxes comparable to or greater than estuarine fluxes from Tampa Bay. The significance of these fluxes to nearshore blooms of Karenia brevis is highlighted by comparison with prescribed nutrient demands for bloom maintenance and growth. Whereas our flux estimates do not indicate SGD and benthic fluxes as the dominant nutrient source to the harmful algal blooms, SGD-derived loads do narrow the deficit between documented nutrient supplies and bloom demands. C1 [Smith, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Smith, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cgsmith@usgs.gov FU USGS FX We thank the great staff and technicians housed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center for their help installing and sampling the marine wells and pore-water samplers. Also, we thank the USGS Tampa Water Science Center (specifically, Neil Yobbi) and the Southwest Florida Water Management District for access to the terrestrial Regional Observation and Monitor-well Program (ROMP) wells. Reviews from two anonymous reviewers and one U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) staff scientist greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. We extend a special acknowledgment and appreciation to the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program for financial support of this project via an award to C.G.S. P.W.S. and C.G.S. acknowledge the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) for sustained support. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 471 EP 485 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0471 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 923IO UT WOS:000302613200008 ER PT J AU McDonald, CP Rover, JA Stets, EG Striegl, RG AF McDonald, Cory P. Rover, Jennifer A. Stets, Edward G. Striegl, Robert G. TI The regional abundance and size distribution of lakes and reservoirs in the United States and implications for estimates of global lake extent SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB We analyzed complete geospatial data for the 3.5 million lakes and reservoirs larger than 0.001 km(2), with a combined surface area of 131,000 km(2), in the contiguous United States (excluding the Laurentian Great Lakes) and identified their regional distribution characteristics. For Alaska, we also analyzed (1) incomplete data that suggest that the state contains 1-2.5 million lakes larger than 0.001 km(2) covering over 50,000 km(2) and (2) localized high-resolution (5 m) data that suggest that the number of very small water bodies (< 0.001 km(2)) may be comparable with the number of lakes > 0.001 km(2) in some areas. The Pareto distribution cannot accurately describe the lake abundance-size relationship across the entire size spectrum, and extrapolation of this density function to small size classes has likely resulted in the overestimation of the number of small lakes in the world. While small water bodies dominate in terms of numbers, they are not numerous enough to dominate in terms of surface area, as has been previously suggested. Extending our results to the global scale suggests that there are on the order of 64 million water bodies larger than 0.001 km(2) in the world, with a total surface area of approximately 3.8 million km(2). C1 [McDonald, Cory P.; Stets, Edward G.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Rover, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Boulder, CO USA. RP McDonald, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM cmcdonald@usgs.gov OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196; McDonald, Cory/0000-0002-1208-8471; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU USGS; USGS Climate Effects Network FX This manuscript benefitted considerably from comments made by W. Lewis and an anonymous reviewer, as well as by R. Antweiler and L. Ji at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This work was supported by a USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship, the USGS LandCarbon Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration Project, and the USGS Climate Effects Network. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0597 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 923IO UT WOS:000302613200017 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Jassby, AD Carstensen, J Bennett, WA Kimmerer, W Mac Nally, R Schoellhamer, DH Winder, M AF Cloern, James E. Jassby, Alan D. Carstensen, Jacob Bennett, William A. Kimmerer, Wim Mac Nally, Ralph Schoellhamer, David H. Winder, Monika TI Perils of correlating CUSUM-transformed variables to infer ecological relationships (Breton et al. 2006; Glibert 2010) SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; PELAGIC FISHES; NORTH-SEA C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carstensen, Jacob] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, Roskilde, Denmark. [Bennett, William A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Bodega Bay, CA USA. [Bennett, William A.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA USA. [Kimmerer, Wim] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA USA. [Mac Nally, Ralph] Monash Univ, Australian Ctr Biodivers, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Winder, Monika] Univ Calif Davis, Watershed Sci Ctr, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Winder, Monika] Kiel Univ IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Carstensen, Jacob/I-7460-2013; OI Carstensen, Jacob/0000-0003-0016-6118; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0665 PG 4 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 923IO UT WOS:000302613200022 ER PT J AU Perfit, MR Wanless, VD Ridley, WI Klein, EM Smith, MC Goss, AR Hinds, JS Kutza, SW Fornari, DJ AF Perfit, Michael R. Wanless, V. Dorsey Ridley, W. Ian Klein, Emily M. Smith, Matthew C. Goss, Adam R. Hinds, Jillian S. Kutza, Scott W. Fornari, Daniel J. TI Lava Geochemistry as a Probe into Crustal Formation at the East Pacific Rise SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; TECTONIC SEGMENTATION; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; MAGMATIC PROCESSES; 9-DEGREES-10-DEGREES-N; EVOLUTION; MORB; ASSIMILATION; EMPLACEMENT; MORPHOLOGY C1 [Perfit, Michael R.; Smith, Matthew C.; Goss, Adam R.; Kutza, Scott W.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ridley, W. Ian] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klein, Emily M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fornari, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Perfit, MR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mperfit@ufl.edu FU [OCE-0138088]; [OCE-0819469]; [OCE-825265]; [OCE-638406]; [OCE-527077]; [OCE-535532]; [OCE-9819261]; [OCE-0525863]; [OCE-0838923]; [OCE-0096468]; [OCE-0732366]; [OCE-0112737] FX We would like to thank the many scientists, technicians, deep-submergence pilots and operators, ships' officers and crew, and "on-the-beach" collaborators who all made this EPR ISS research a success. With their multidisciplinary expertise, analytical skills, and inquisitiveness, we have made great strides in understanding how the mantle and microbes and the rocks in between are interrelated. Comments by Ken Rubin and Karen Harpp improved the final manuscript. Grants that supported EPR ISS field and laboratory studies for our research programs include: MRP: OCE-0138088, OCE-0819469, OCE-825265, OCE-638406, OCE-527077, OCE-535532; OCE-9819261, OCE-0525863, OCE-0838923, OCE-0096468, OCE-0732366, and OCE-0112737. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 903DC UT WOS:000301095200009 ER PT J AU Ip, HS Dusek, RJ Heisey, DM AF Ip, Hon S. Dusek, Robert J. Heisey, Dennis M. TI The Effect of Swab Sample Choice on the Detection of Avian Influenza in Apparently Healthy Wild Ducks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; wild birds; surveillance; sampling methods ID A VIRUSES; LOW-PATHOGENICITY; MIGRATORY BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; H5N1; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; WATERFOWL; PATTERNS; PCR AB Historically, avian influenza viruses have been isolated from cloacal swab specimens, but recent data suggest that the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus can be better detected from respiratory tract specimens. To better understand how swab sample type affects the detection ability of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses we collected and tested four swab types: oropharyngeal swabs (OS), cloacal swabs (CS), the two swab types combined in the laboratory (LCS), and the two swab types combined in the field (FCS). A total of 1968 wild waterfowl were sampled by each of these four methods and tested for avian influenza virus using matrix gene reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. The highest detection rate occurred with the FCS (4.3%) followed by the CS (4.0%). Although this difference did not achieve traditional statistical significance, Bayesian analysis indicated that FCS was superior to CS with an 82% probability. The detection rates for both the LCS (2.4%) and the OS (0.4%) were significantly different from the FCS. In addition, every swab type that was matrix RT-PCR positive was also tested for recovery of viable influenza virus. This protocol reduced the detection rate, but the ordering of swab types remained the same: 1.73% FCS, 1.42% CS, 0.81% LCS, and 0% OS. Our data suggest that the FCS performed at least as well as any other swab type for detecting LPAI viruses in the wild ducks tested. When considering recent studies showing that HPAI H5N1 can be better detected in the respiratory tract, the FCS is the most appropriate sample to collect for HPAI H5N1 surveillance while not compromising LPAI studies. C1 [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Ip, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM hip@usgs.gov OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the many people who assisted with this project. R. Zane, D. Goldberg, J. Teslaa, L. Clark, B. Iko, and L. Baeten provided assistance with field sampling. E. Jansen, M. Houfe, K. Griffin, A. Hauser, J. Montez, J. Messer and other members of the National Wildlife Health Center provided assistance with sample analysis. In addition, J. Gammonley, Colorado Division of Wildlife, provided logistical support. We also gratefully acknowledge the institutions that allowed access to their properties and provided invaluable assistance in obtaining samples including: Delevan National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the Sacramento NWR Complex, Monte Vista NWR, and J. Clark Salyer NWR. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920GR UT WOS:000302392800015 PM 22545536 ER PT J AU Lunt, DJ Haywood, AM Schmidt, GA Salzmann, U Valdes, PJ Dowsett, HJ Loptson, CA AF Lunt, Daniel J. Haywood, Alan M. Schmidt, Gavin A. Salzmann, Ulrich Valdes, Paul J. Dowsett, Harry J. Loptson, Claire A. TI On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mid-Pliocene; polar amplification; paleoclimate modelling ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; PERMANENT EL-NINO; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONTINENTAL ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE AB The mid-Pliocene (similar to 3 to 3.3 Ma ago), is a period of sustained global warmth in comparison to the late Quaternary (0 to similar to 1 Ma ago), and has potential to inform predictions of long-term future climate change. However, given that several processes potentially contributed, relatively little is understood about the reasons for the observed warmth, or the associated polar amplification. Here, using a modelling approach and a novel factorisation method, we assess the relative contributions to mid-Pliocene warmth from: elevated CO2, lowered orography, and vegetation and ice sheet changes. The results show that on a global scale, the largest contributor to mid-Pliocene warmth is elevated CO2. However, in terms of polar amplification, changes to ice sheets contribute significantly in the Southern Hemisphere, and orographic changes contribute significantly in the Northern Hemisphere. We also carry out an energy balance analysis which indicates that that on a global scale, surface albedo and atmospheric emmissivity changes dominate over cloud changes. We investigate the sensitivity of our results to uncertainties in the prescribed CO2 and orographic changes, to derive uncertainty ranges for the various contributing processes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lunt, Daniel J.; Valdes, Paul J.; Loptson, Claire A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Schmidt, Gavin A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Sch Built & Nat Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lunt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. EM d.j.lunt@bristol.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU RCUK; Leverhulme Trust; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1] FX DJL is funded by an RCUK fellowship. AMH acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize. US received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I016287/1). DJL and AMH received funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/G009112/1). NR 70 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 9 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 321 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913WX UT WOS:000301909200014 ER PT J AU Adams, HD Luce, CH Breshears, DD Allen, CD Weiler, M Hale, VC Smith, AMS Huxman, TE AF Adams, Henry D. Luce, Charles H. Breshears, David D. Allen, Craig D. Weiler, Markus Hale, V. Cody Smith, Alistair M. S. Huxman, Travis E. TI Ecohydrological consequences of drought- and infestation- triggered tree die-off: insights and hypotheses SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE ecohydrology; die-off; tree mortality; forest mortality; evapotranspiration; recharge; water yield; bark beetle; tree pests ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER YIELD; TIMBER HARVEST; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; SNOW ACCUMULATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AB Widespread, rapid, drought-, and infestation-triggered tree mortality is emerging as a phenomenon affecting forests globally and may be linked to increasing temperatures and drought frequency and severity. The ecohydrological consequences of forest die-off have been little studied and remain highly uncertain. To explore this knowledge gap, we apply the extensive literature on the ecohydrological effects of tree harvest in combination with the limited existing die-off ecohydrology research to develop new, relevant hypotheses. Tree mortality results in loss of canopy cover, which directly alters evaporation, transpiration, and canopy interception and indirectly alters other watershed hydrologic processes, including infiltration, runoff, groundwater recharge, and streamflow. Both die-off and harvest research suggest that for most forests, water yield can be expected to increase following substantial loss of tree cover by die-off. We hypothesize that where annual precipitation exceeds 500 mm or water yield is dominated by snowmelt, watersheds will experience significantly decreased evapotranspiration and increased flows if absolute canopy cover loss from die-off exceeds 20%. However, recent observations suggest that water yield following die-off can potentially decrease rather than increase in drier forests. To reliably predict die-off responses, more research is needed to test these hypotheses, including observations of multiple water budget components and the persistence of ecohydrological effects with the post-die-off successional dynamics of tree recruitment, understorey growth, and interactions with additional disturbances. With die-off, mitigation and restoration options are limited and costly, necessitating societal adaptation; therefore, die-off ecohydrology should be a high priority for future research. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Adams, Henry D.; Breshears, David D.; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Weiler, Markus] Univ Freiburg, Inst Hydrol, Freiburg, Germany. [Hale, V. Cody] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Adams, HD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM henry@email.arizona.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Weiler, Markus/F-5584-2011; Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Weiler, Markus/0000-0001-6245-6917; Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 FU Biosphere 2 via the Philecology Foundation; Department of Energy NICCR (Western Region) [DE-FC02-06ER64159]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0443526, EAR-0724958]; Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP-91717801-0] FX The authors would like to thank Peter A. Troch, Paul D. Brooks, Bradford P. Wilcox, Keith R. J. Smettem, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge funding from Biosphere 2 via the Philecology Foundation, Department of Energy NICCR (Western Region: DE-FC02-06ER64159), National Science Foundation (DireNet: DEB-0443526; Critical Zone Observatory: EAR-0724958), and the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91717801-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors, and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 131 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 9 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1002/eco.233 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800003 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BP Turnbull, L Young, MH Williams, CJ Ravi, S Seyfried, MS Bowling, DR Scott, RL Germino, MJ Caldwell, TG Wainwright, J AF Wilcox, Bradford P. Turnbull, Laura Young, Michael H. Williams, C. Jason Ravi, Sujith Seyfried, Mark S. Bowling, David R. Scott, Russell L. Germino, Matthew J. Caldwell, Todd G. Wainwright, John TI Invasion of shrublands by exotic grasses: ecohydrological consequences in cold versus warm deserts SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rangelands; water budgets; land-cover change; invasive species ID TRANSPORT-DISTANCE APPROACH; SCALING EROSION RATES; BROMUS-TECTORUM-L; GREAT-BASIN; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-BALANCE; NEW-MEXICO; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Across the globe, native savannas and woodlands are undergoing conversion to exotic grasslands. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the ecohydrological consequences of this conversion for the cold deserts (Great Basin, Colorado Plateau) and the warm deserts (Mojave, Sonoran, Chihuahuan) of North America. Our analysis is based on a synthesis of relevant literature, complemented by simulation modelling with a one-dimensional, soil water redistribution model (HYDRUS-1D) and a hillslope runoff and erosion model (MAHLERAN). When shrublands are invaded by grasses, many changes take place: rooting depths, canopy cover, species heterogeneity, water use, and fire regimes are radically altered. These changes then have the potential to alter key ecohydrological processes. With respect to the processes of runoff and erosion, we find that grass invasion influences cold and warm deserts in different ways. In cold deserts, runoff and erosion will increase following invasion; in particular, erosion on steep slopes (>15%) will be greatly accelerated following burning. In addition, evapotranspiration (ET) will be lower and soil water recharge will be higherwhich after several decades could affect groundwater levels. For warm deserts, grass invasion may actually reduce runoff and erosion (except for periods immediately following fire), and is likely to have little effect on either ET fluxes or soil water. Significant gaps in our knowledge do remain, primarily because there have been no comprehensive studies measuring all components of the water and energy budgets at multiple scales. How these changes may affect regional energy budgets, and thus weather patterns, is not yet well understood. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wilcox, Bradford P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Turnbull, Laura] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Young, Michael H.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Williams, C. Jason; Seyfried, Mark S.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Ravi, Sujith] Univ Arizona, UA Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bowling, David R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Caldwell, Todd G.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wainwright, John] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield Ctr Int Drylands Res, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wilcox, BP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bwilcox@tamu.edu RI Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; Young, Michael/J-8009-2012; Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; Young, Michael/0000-0001-8479-9910; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789; Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Natural Resource Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation [DEB-0423704, DEB 00-80412]; US Department of Agriculture FX This article has resulted from a collaborative effort initiated at the 2009 American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference 'Examining Ecohydrological Feedbacks of Landscape Change along Elevation Gradients in Semiarid Regions.' Support was provided to Bradford Wilcox under a grant from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Natural Resource Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture. Laura Turnbull was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DEB-0423704, Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER). Matthew Germino was partially supported by grants from National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation Idaho-EPSCoR programs. John Wainwright was partially supported from the National Science Foundation under NSF grant DEB 00-80412, Jornada LTER". NR 98 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 160 EP 173 DI 10.1002/eco.247 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800004 ER PT J AU Turnbull, L Wilcox, BP Belnap, J Ravi, S D'Odorico, P Childers, D Gwenzi, W Okin, G Wainwright, J Caylor, KK Sankey, T AF Turnbull, L. Wilcox, B. P. Belnap, J. Ravi, S. D'Odorico, P. Childers, D. Gwenzi, W. Okin, G. Wainwright, J. Caylor, K. K. Sankey, T. TI Understanding the role of ecohydrological feedbacks in ecosystem state change in drylands SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; state change; drylands; feedbacks; state change; resilience ID ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN ARIZONA; GRAZING SYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; NEW-MEXICO; EROSION; VEGETATION; RESILIENCE AB Ecohydrological feedbacks are likely to be critical for understanding the mechanisms by which changes in exogenous forces result in ecosystem state change. We propose that in drylands, the dynamics of ecosystem state change are determined by changes in the type (stabilizing vs amplifying) and strength of ecohydrological feedbacks following a change in exogenous forces. Using a selection of five case studies from drylands, we explore the characteristics of ecohydrological feedbacks and resulting dynamics of ecosystem state change. We surmise that stabilizing feedbacks are critical for the provision of plant-essential resources in drylands. Exogenous forces that break these stabilizing feedbacks can alter the state of the system, although such changes are potentially reversible if strong amplifying ecohydrological feedbacks do not develop. The case studies indicate that if amplifying ecohydrological feedbacks do develop, they are typically associated with abiotic processes such as runoff, erosion (by wind and water), and fire. These amplifying ecohydrological feedbacks progressively modify the system in ways that are long-lasting and possibly irreversible on human timescales. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Turnbull, L.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Wilcox, B. P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Ravi, S.] Univ Arizona, UA Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [D'Odorico, P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Childers, D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gwenzi, W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Okin, G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wainwright, J.] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield Ctr Int Drylands Res, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Caylor, K. K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sankey, T.] Idaho State Univ, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Ravi, S.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Turnbull, L (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Laura.Turnbull@asu.edu RI Caylor, Kelly/B-7734-2008; Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008 OI Caylor, Kelly/0000-0002-6466-6448; Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1026865 CAP LTER] FX We are most grateful to Darrel Jenerette for the very insightful comments that greatly improved this paper, and also to an anonymous reviewer for comments. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. BCS-1026865 CAP LTER. NR 78 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1002/eco.265 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 918HB UT WOS:000302238800005 ER PT J AU Pischiutta, M Salvini, F Fletcher, J Rovelli, A Ben-Zion, Y AF Pischiutta, M. Salvini, F. Fletcher, J. Rovelli, A. Ben-Zion, Y. TI Horizontal polarization of ground motion in the Hayward fault zone at Fremont, California: dominant fault-high-angle polarization and fault-induced cracks SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake ground motions; Interface waves; Site effects; Wave propagation ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; KARADERE-DUZCE BRANCH; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR-WAVE ANISOTROPY; MOZUMI-SUKENOBU FAULT; FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; SOUTHERN APENNINES; CREEP RATE; PROPAGATION DIRECTION AB We investigate shear wave polarization in the Hayward fault zone near Niles Canyon, Fremont, CA. Waveforms of 12 earthquakes recorded by a seven-accelerometer seismic array around the fault are analysed to clarify directional site effects in the fault damage zone. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain through H/V spectral ratios with horizontal components rotated from 0 degrees to 180 degrees, and in the time domain using the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix method employing three component records. The near-fault ground motion tends to be polarized in the horizontal plane. At two on-fault stations where the local strike is N160 degrees, ground motion polarization is oriented N88 +/- 19 degrees and N83 +/- 32 degrees, respectively. At a third on-fault station, the motion is more complex with horizontal polarization varying in different frequency bands. However, a polarization of N86 +/- 7 degrees, similar to the results at the other two on-fault stations, is found in the frequency band 68 Hz. The predominantly high-angle polarization from the fault strike at the Hayward Fault is consistent with similar results at the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault and the Val dAgri area (a Quaternary extensional basin) in Italy. In all these cases, comparisons of the observed polarization directions with models of fracture orientation based on the fault movement indicate that the dominant horizontal polarization is near-orthogonal to the orientation of the expected predominant cracking direction. The results help to develop improved connections between fault mechanics and near-fault ground motion. C1 [Pischiutta, M.; Rovelli, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [Salvini, F.] Univ RomaTre, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy. [Fletcher, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ben-Zion, Y.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Pischiutta, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. EM marta.pischiutta@ingv.it FU Universita di Bologna 'Alma Mater Studiorum' FX This study began as a part of the PhD thesis of MP. She spent three months as a visiting scientist at the USGS, Menlo Park, CA, thanks to a travel grant of Universita di Bologna 'Alma Mater Studiorum'. Special thanks are due to Paul Spudich for his help and very useful discussions. Data were provided by Art Frankel and David Carver; we are also grateful to Larry Baker, Russel Sell and Christopher Dietel for assistance in the field. Finally, we thank Martha Savage and an anonymous reviewer for thorough reviews that improved the manuscript. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 188 IS 3 BP 1255 EP 1272 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05319.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 896LJ UT WOS:000300567400035 ER PT J AU Araji, AH Revil, A Jardani, A Minsley, BJ Karaoulis, M AF Araji, A. H. Revil, A. Jardani, A. Minsley, B. J. Karaoulis, M. TI Imaging with cross-hole seismoelectric tomography SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Electrical properties; Hydrogeophysics; Permeability and porosity ID STOCHASTIC JOINT INVERSION; POROUS-MEDIA; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; POTENTIAL-FIELD; BOREHOLE MODELS; SIGNALS; ZONES AB We propose a cross-hole imaging approach based on seismoelectric conversions (SC) associated with the transmission of seismic waves from seismic sources located in a borehole to receivers (electrodes) located in a second borehole. The seismoelectric (seismic-to-electric) problem is solved using Biot theory coupled with a generalized Ohm's law with an electrokinetic streaming current contribution. The components of the displacement of the solid phase, the fluid pressure, and the electrical potential are solved using a finite element approach with Perfect Match Layer (PML) boundary conditions for the seismic waves and boundary conditions mimicking an infinite material for the electrostatic problem. We develop an inversion algorithm using the electrical disturbances recorded in the second borehole to localize the position of the heterogeneities responsible for the SC. Because of the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem (inherent to all potential-field problems), regularization is used to constrain the solution at each time in the SC-time window comprised between the time of the seismic shot and the time of the first arrival of the seismic waves in the second borehole. All the inverted volumetric current source densities are aggregated together to produce an image of the position of the heterogeneities between the two boreholes. Two simple synthetic case studies are presented to test this concept. The first case study corresponds to a vertical discontinuity between two homogeneous sub-domains. The second case study corresponds to a poroelastic inclusion (partially saturated by oil) embedded into an homogenous poroelastic formation. In both cases, the position of the heterogeneity is recovered using only the electrical disturbances associated with the SC. That said, a joint inversion of the seismic and seismoelectric data could improve these results. C1 [Araji, A. H.; Revil, A.; Karaoulis, M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, A.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, UMR 5559, ISTerre,Equipe Volcan, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. Univ Rouen, M2C, CNRS, UMR 6143, Mont St Aignan, France. [Jardani, A.; Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Araji, AH (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM arevil@mines.edu RI Karaoulis, Marios/C-9977-2013; OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU ExxonMobil Exploration Company (EMEC); Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi FX We would like to express our gratitude to Mike G. Loudin and the MENA Scholars Program at ExxonMobil Exploration Company (EMEC) for sponsoring AHA at the Colorado School of Mines during his Master's thesis. Funding was provided by the Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi to AR. We thank Seth Haines for fruitful discussions. Dr. T. K. Young is also thanked for his support at Mines. We thank the Editor, Wolfgang Friederich, and two anonymous referees for constructive reviews. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 188 IS 3 BP 1285 EP 1302 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05325.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 896LJ UT WOS:000300567400037 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Ogata, Y Zhuang, JC Geist, EL AF Parsons, Tom Ogata, Yosihiko Zhuang, Jiancang Geist, Eric L. TI Evaluation of static stress change forecasting with prospective and blind tests SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake interaction; forecasting and prediction; Statistical seismology; Dynamics: seismotectonics ID EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES; AFTERSHOCK DENSITY; RESIDUAL ANALYSIS; POINT-PROCESSES; RUPTURE PROCESS; DYNAMIC STRESS; SPACE; MAGNITUDE; TIME; CALIFORNIA AB Controversy and uncertainty about the physics of earthquake triggering mean that stress interactions are rarely incorporated into formal probabilistic forecasts. Statistical methods capture and predict complex features in short-term aftershock forecasts, but we ultimately want to understand the physics behind earthquake triggering. In this paper, we show two fully prospective static stress forecasts that have failed to reproduce spatial patterns of microseismicity. We demonstrate that these failures are not the result of complex main shock ruptures, but are instead caused in part by secondary triggering as deduced from an epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) based stochastic declustering calculation. Prospective testing highlights difficulties in validating physics-based forecasts using microseismicity that can evolve rapidly in time and space. We therefore turn to a global catalogue of larger potentially triggered earthquakes. Prior study with this database found that M= 5 earthquakes after main shocks had a ratio of stress-increased to total number of events of 61 per cent, a barely significant result relative to the null value of 50 +/- 4.6 per cent. The initial study included every catalogue event; our conclusions from the prospective tests cause us to revisit this choice and to conduct a systematic study of test-event selection. Free parameters include main shock and aftershock magnitude thresholds, as well as calculated probability that aftershocks are background events. We find a mean ratio of stress-increased to total number of events of similar to 70 per cent across the test parameter range, with high values greater than 80 per cent. The most important parameter is triggered-event magnitude. We therefore conclude that the static stress change hypothesis is significantly more consistent with observation of large earthquake clustering than random chance. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ogata, Yosihiko; Zhuang, Jiancang] Inst Stat Math, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908562, Japan. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 55 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 188 IS 3 BP 1425 EP 1440 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05343.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 896LJ UT WOS:000300567400045 ER PT J AU Perry, LG Andersen, DC Reynolds, LV Nelson, SM Shafroth, PB AF Perry, Laura G. Andersen, Douglas C. Reynolds, Lindsay V. Nelson, S. Mark Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Vulnerability of riparian ecosystems to elevated CO2 and climate change in arid and semiarid western North America SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biotic interactions; climate change; dehydration; heat stress; phenology; soil processes; streamflow; water management ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; BILL-WILLIAMS-RIVER; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; FREMONT COTTONWOOD SEEDLINGS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER-RESOURCES AB Riparian ecosystems, already greatly altered by water management, land development, and biological invasion, are being further altered by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and climate change, particularly in arid and semiarid (dryland) regions. In this literature review, we (1) summarize expected changes in [CO2], climate, hydrology, and water management in dryland western North America, (2) consider likely effects of those changes on riparian ecosystems, and (3) identify critical knowledge gaps. Temperatures in the region are rising and droughts are becoming more frequent and intense. Warmer temperatures in turn are altering river hydrology: advancing the timing of spring snow melt floods, altering flood magnitudes, and reducing summer and base flows. Direct effects of increased [CO2] and climate change on riparian ecosystems may be similar to effects in uplands, including increased heat and water stress, altered phenology and species geographic distributions, and disrupted trophic and symbiotic interactions. Indirect effects due to climate-driven changes in streamflow, however, may exacerbate the direct effects of warming and increase the relative importance of moisture and fluvial disturbance as drivers of riparian ecosystem response to global change. Together, climate change and climate-driven changes in streamflow are likely to reduce abundance of dominant, native, early-successional tree species, favor herbaceous species and both drought-tolerant and late-successional woody species (including many introduced species), reduce habitat quality for many riparian animals, and slow litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Climate-driven changes in human water demand and associated water management may intensify these effects. On some regulated rivers, however, reservoir releases could be managed to protect riparian ecosystem. Immediate research priorities include determining riparian species' environmental requirements and monitoring riparian ecosystems to allow rapid detection and response to undesirable ecological change. C1 [Perry, Laura G.; Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Perry, Laura G.; Andersen, Douglas C.; Reynolds, Lindsay V.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Nelson, S. Mark] US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Perry, LG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lperry@lamar.colostate.edu RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU Bureau of Reclamation, Research and Development Office; US Geological Survey FX We thank Dana Blumenthal, Kevin McCluney, Julie Stromberg, and four anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Research and Development Office, Science and Technology Program and the US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program. NR 270 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 14 U2 137 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 821 EP 842 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02588.x PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897RD UT WOS:000300671600003 ER PT J AU Regan, HM Syphard, AD Franklin, J Swab, RM Markovchick, L Flint, AL Flint, LE Zedler, PH AF Regan, Helen M. Syphard, Alexandra D. Franklin, Janet Swab, Rebecca M. Markovchick, Lisa Flint, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Zedler, Paul H. TI Evaluation of assisted colonization strategies under global change for a rare, fire-dependent plant SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assisted colonization; bioclimate envelope; climate change; fire; population model ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MANAGED RELOCATION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HABITAT MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY AB As a clear consensus is emerging that habitat for many species will dramatically reduce or shift with climate change, attention is turning to adaptation strategies to address these impacts. Assisted colonization is one such strategy that has been predominantly discussed in terms of the costs of introducing potential competitors into new communities and the benefits of reducing extinction risk. However, the success or failure of assisted colonization will depend on a range of population-level factors that have not yet been quantitatively evaluated the quality of the recipient habitat, the number and life stages of translocated individuals, the establishment of translocated individuals in their new habitat and whether the recipient habitat is subject to ongoing threats all will play an important role in population persistence. In this article, we do not take one side or the other in the debate over whether assisted colonization is worthwhile. Rather, we focus on the likelihood that assisted colonization will promote population persistence in the face of climate-induced distribution changes and altered fire regimes for a rare endemic species. We link a population model with species distribution models to investigate expected changes in populations with climate change, the impact of altered fire regimes on population persistence and how much assisted colonization is necessary to minimize risk of decline in populations of Tecate cypress, a rare endemic tree in the California Floristic Province, a biodiversity hotspot. We show that assisted colonization may be a risk-minimizing adaptation strategy when there are large source populations that are declining dramatically due to habitat contractions, multiple nearby sites predicted to contain suitable habitat, minimal natural dispersal, high rates of establishment of translocated populations and the absence of nonclimatic threats such as altered disturbance regimes. However, when serious ongoing threats exist, assisted colonization is ineffective. C1 [Regan, Helen M.; Swab, Rebecca M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Markovchick, Lisa] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Flint, Alan L.; Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Zedler, Paul H.] Univ Wisconsin, UW Arboretum & Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Regan, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM helen.regan@ucr.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0824708]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64159] FX This project was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB-0824708) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FC02-06ER64159). The authors wish to thank M. Ikagami and F. W. Davis (University of California Santa Barbara) for providing climatic averages calculated from downscaled monthly climate data, M. A. Hawke (San Diego Natural History Museum) for plant distribution data and H. R. Akcakaya for technical assistance. NR 77 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 936 EP 947 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02586.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897RD UT WOS:000300671600012 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Webb, RH Belnap, J Hubbard, JA Swann, DE Rutman, S AF Munson, Seth M. Webb, Robert H. Belnap, Jayne Hubbard, J. Andrew Swann, Don E. Rutman, Sue TI Forecasting climate change impacts to plant community composition in the Sonoran Desert region SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid; drought; long-term change; plant cover; southwestern United States ID SOIL-WATER; CERCIDIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; PRECIPITATION PULSES; AMBROSIA-DELTOIDEA; PROSOPIS-VELUTINA; VEGETATION CHANGE; VELVET MESQUITE; PERMANENT PLOTS; NORTH-AMERICA; MOJAVE DESERT AB Hotter and drier conditions projected for the southwestern United States can have a large impact on the abundance and composition of long-lived desert plant species. We used long-term vegetation monitoring results from 39 large plots across four protected sites in the Sonoran Desert region to determine how plant species have responded to past climate variability. This cross-site analysis identified the plant species and functional types susceptible to climate change, the magnitude of their responses, and potential climate thresholds. In the relatively mesic mesquite savanna communities, perennial grasses declined with a decrease in annual precipitation, cacti increased, and there was a reversal of the Prosopis velutina expansion experienced in the 20th century in response to increasing mean annual temperature (MAT). In the more xeric Arizona Upland communities, the dominant leguminous tree, Cercidium microphyllum, declined on hillslopes, and the shrub Fouquieria splendens decreased, especially on south- and west-facing slopes in response to increasing MAT. In the most xeric shrublands, the codominant species Larrea tridentata and its hemiparasite Krameria grayi decreased with a decrease in cool season precipitation and increased aridity, respectively. This regional-scale assessment of plant species response to recent climate variability is critical for forecasting future shifts in plant community composition, structure, and productivity. C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hubbard, J. Andrew] Natl Pk Serv, Sonoran Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring Pro, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. [Swann, Don E.] Natl Pk Serv, Tucson, AZ 85730 USA. [Rutman, Sue] Natl Pk Serv, Organ Pipe Cactus Natl Monument, Ajo, AZ 85321 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the National Park Service and a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resources Program. We thank the many scientists, park staff, and volunteers who have monitored vegetation at Sonoran Desert sites over the years. We also thank Susan Schwinning, Ray Turner, Dave Breshears, Steve Archer, Peter Holm, Helen Raichle, Susana Rodriguez-Buritica, John Bradford, Todd Esque, Marijke van Heeswijk, Kristen Beaupre, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful input on this article. The SRER digital database (http://ag.arizona.edu/SRER) provided some of the data used in this article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 10 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1083 EP 1095 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02598.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897RD UT WOS:000300671600023 ER PT J AU Vittecoq, M Elguero, E Lafferty, KD Roche, B Brodeur, J Gauthier-Clerc, M Misse, D Thomas, F AF Vittecoq, Marion Elguero, Eric Lafferty, Kevin D. Roche, Benjamin Brodeur, Jacques Gauthier-Clerc, Michel Misse, Dorothee Thomas, Frederic TI Brain cancer mortality rates increase with Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in France SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Encephalon tumors; Medical geography; Malignancy; Nervous system; Latent toxoplasmosis ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; TUMORS AB The incidence of adult brain cancer was previously shown to be higher in countries where the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is common, suggesting that this brain protozoan could potentially increase the risk of tumor formation. Using countries as replicates has, however, several potential confounding factors, particularly because detection rates vary with country wealth. Using an independent dataset entirely within France, we further establish the significance of the association between T. gondii and brain cancer and find additional demographic resolution. In adult age classes 55 years and older, regional mortality rates due to brain cancer correlated positively with the local seroprevalence of T. gondii. This effect was particularly strong for men. While this novel evidence of a significant statistical association between T. gondii infection and brain cancer does not demonstrate causation, these results suggest that investigations at the scale of the individual are merited. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vittecoq, Marion; Gauthier-Clerc, Michel] Ctr Rech Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. [Vittecoq, Marion; Elguero, Eric; Misse, Dorothee; Thomas, Frederic] MIVEGEC UMR CNRS IRD UM1, IRD, FR-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Roche, Benjamin] UMMISCO UM1 IRD UPMC, F-93143 Bondy, France. [Brodeur, Jacques] Univ Montreal, IRBV, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H1X 2B2, Canada. RP Vittecoq, M (reprint author), Ctr Rech Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. EM vittecoq@tourduvalat.org RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Elguero, Eric/J-3014-2012; MISSE, DOROTHEE/A-7590-2012; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; MISSE, DOROTHEE/0000-0002-6485-3841; Roche, Benjamin/0000-0001-7975-4232 FU French Consortium Evolution et cancer (CNRS) FX This work was supported by the French Consortium Evolution et cancer (CNRS). NR 12 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 496 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.013 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921XT UT WOS:000302512100042 PM 22285308 ER PT J AU Reza, AHMS Jean, JS Lee, MK Kulp, TR Hsu, HF Liu, CC Lee, YC AF Reza, A. H. M. Selim Jean, Jiin-Shuh Lee, Ming-Kuo Kulp, Thomas R. Hsu, Hua-Fen Liu, Chia-Chuan Lee, Yao-Chang TI The binding nature of humic substances with arsenic in alluvial aquifers of Chianan Plain, southwestern Taiwan SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Blackfoot Disease; FTIR; As-Fe-HS; Organometallic complex; Groundwater arsenic; Taiwan ID ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; WEST-BENGAL; GROUNDWATER; ACID; SOILS; WATER; IRON; MOBILIZATION; BANGLADESH AB One borehole was installed in the Blackfoot Disease (BFD) area to collect organic-carbon and metal-rich sediments from various depths. Carbon- and metal-rich groundwaters were also collected to quantify arsenic and humic substances from different parts of the BFD area in Chianan Plain. UV-visible spectroscopy was performed to detect the presence of iron in humic substances. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the functional groups such as COO-, C=O, OH, and C=C (aromatic ring) were present in humic substances of southwestern Taiwan, and they act as chelating agents to bind with trace elements in sediments. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy also suggests that signals peaking at 30, 58, 68, 101.22, 168.23 and 210 ppm were assigned to the presence of aliphatic carbon, N-alkayl C, O-alkayl C, anomeric carbon, carboxyl carbon, and ketonic carbon of functional groups, respectively. The binding nature of arsenic with humic substances was also characterized using FTIR microscopy. FTIR spectra of laboratory-synthesized As-Fe-humic substance (HS) complexes were compared to those of Fe-HS complex and humic substances in order to demonstrate the presence of binary Fe-HS and ternary As-Fe-HS complexes in the aquifer. Organometallic complex (humic substances in combination with arsenic) in groundwater of southwestern Taiwan may cause BFD. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reza, A. H. M. Selim] Rajshahi Univ, Dept Geol & Min, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. [Jean, Jiin-Shuh; Liu, Chia-Chuan] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lee, Ming-Kuo] Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kulp, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hsu, Hua-Fen] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lee, Yao-Chang] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. RP Reza, AHMS (reprint author), Rajshahi Univ, Dept Geol & Min, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. EM sreza69@yahoo.com RI Jean, Jiin-Shuh/E-7509-2010 OI Jean, Jiin-Shuh/0000-0003-2587-1307 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 114 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.01.002 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913TF UT WOS:000301899600008 ER PT J AU Towler, B Hoar, A Ahlfeld, D AF Towler, Brett Hoar, Alex Ahlfeld, David TI Ecohydrology and Fish-Passage Engineering: Legacy of Denil and the Call for a More Inclusive Paradigm SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Towler, Brett; Hoar, Alex] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Ahlfeld, David] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Towler, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM brett_towler@fws.gov; alex_hoar@fws.gov; ahlfeld@ecs.umass.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 138 IS 2 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000185 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 918AT UT WOS:000302221900001 ER PT J AU Casazza, ML Coates, PS Miller, MR Overton, CT Yparraguirre, DR AF Casazza, Michael L. Coates, Peter S. Miller, Michael R. Overton, Cory T. Yparraguirre, Daniel R. TI Hunting influences the diel patterns in habitat selection by northern pintails Anas acuta SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; brass buttons; Cotula coronopifolia; ducks; habitat selection; northern pintail; radio-telemetry; sanctuary; waterfowl ID SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; RESOURCE SELECTION; EXPERIMENTAL REFUGES; WINTERING WATERFOWL; DANISH WETLANDS; RADIO-TRACKING; RICE FIELDS; WINGED TEAL; CALIFORNIA AB Northern pintail Anas acuta (hereafter pintail) populations wintering within Suisun Marsh, a large estuarine managed wetland near San Francisco Bay, California, USA, have declined markedly over the last four decades. The reasons for this decline are unclear. Information on how hunting and other factors influence the selection of vegetation types and sanctuaries would be beneficial to manage pintail populations in Suisun Marsh. During 1991-1993, we radio-marked and relocated female pintails (individuals: N = 203, relocations: N = 7,688) within Suisun Marsh to investigate habitat selection during the non-breeding months (winter). We calculated selection ratios for different vegetation types and for sanctuaries, and examined differences in those ratios between hunting season (i.e. hunting and non-hunting), age (hatch-year and after-hatch-year), and time of day (daylight or night hours). We found that diel patterns in selection were influenced by hunting disturbance. For example, prior to the hunting season and during daylight hours, pintails selected areas dominated by brass buttons Cotula coronopifolia, a potentially important food source, usually outside of sanctuary boundaries. However, during the hunting season, pintails did not select brass buttons during daylight hours, but instead highly selected permanent pools, mostly within sanctuaries. Also, during the hunting season, pintails showed strong selection for brass buttons at night. Sanctuaries provided more area of permanent water pools than within hunting areas and appeared to function as important refugia during daylight hours of the hunting season. Wildlife managers should encourage large protected permanent pools adjacent to hunted wetlands to increase pintail numbers within wetland environments and responsibly benefit hunting opportunities while improving pintail conservation. C1 [Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.; Miller, Michael R.; Overton, Cory T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Yparraguirre, Daniel R.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Programs Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Casazza, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM mike_casazza@usgs.gov; pcoates@usgs.gov; michael_r_miller@usgs.gov; coverton@usgs.gov; dyparraguirre@dfg.ca.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 62 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.2981/09-099 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 918TF UT WOS:000302273300001 ER PT J AU Borkhataria, R Collazo, JA Groom, MJ Jordan-Garcia, A AF Borkhataria, Rena Collazo, Jaime A. Groom, Martha J. Jordan-Garcia, Adrian TI Shade-grown coffee in Puerto Rico: Opportunities to preserve biodiversity while reinvigorating a struggling agricultural commodity SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Conservation; Farmer attitudes; Puerto Rico; Shade coffee ID LAND-USE; BIRD POPULATIONS; EL-SALVADOR; CONSERVATION; MEXICO; CERTIFICATION; PLANTATIONS; DIVERSITY; FOREST; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Shade-grown coffee contributes to biodiversity conservation and has many ecological benefits. We reviewed historical trends in coffee production and interviewed 100 coffee growers in 1999 to determine current management practices and attitudes toward the cultivation of sun and shade coffee in Puerto Rico. We discuss the outlook for the coffee industry in the 21st century and implications for biodiversity conservation, hoping lessons from Puerto Rico will apply to the international coffee industry. Throughout the 20th century, government intervention, including subsidies and technical assistance, supported coffee farming in Puerto Rico. In an effort to modernize coffee production and increase yields, the conversion from shade to sun coffee plantations was encouraged. Despite government support, the amount of land devoted to this once dominant agricultural commodity declined markedly between 1982 and 2007 (84%), due to labor shortages, low income, and catastrophic hurricanes. We found that a return to shaded plantations would be embraced by most farmers. Growers of shaded coffee were generally happier with their cultivation practices (89.3% satisfied) than growers of sun coffee (60.9% satisfied), valued biodiversity, and were willing to cultivate coffee under shade if given similar incentives to those received for farming sun coffee. The future of the coffee industry in Puerto Rico may depend on government programs that capitalize upon emerging markets for sustainably produced, shade-grown coffee. We conclude that where governments have close ties to the coffee industry, they should strive to wed economic development with the conservation of biodiversity and associated ecological services by providing support and incentives for the production of shade coffee. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Borkhataria, Rena] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.; Jordan-Garcia, Adrian] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Groom, Martha J.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP Borkhataria, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 3200 E,Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM rrbork@ufl.edu FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources [W-20]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; USFWS FX We would like to thank H. Heatwole, M. Gumpertz, R. Rice and 2 anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier drafts of this work. This project was supported by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, project W-20, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Cooperative Research Units Program (Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey), and by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and a Harry S. Truman Scholarship to Rena R. Borkhataria. Special thanks go to Secretary Daniel Pagan-Rosa, and his staff, Ramon Martinez, Jose L. Chabert and Jose Berrios; and to Chuck Hunter at USFWS for their support. We would also like to acknowledge Brian Czech for providing inspiration and methods for the survey. Finally, we express our appreciation to farm and land owners in north central Puerto Rico for participating in our surveys. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 149 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.023 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911AM UT WOS:000301689700018 ER PT J AU Katz, BG Kingsbury, JA Welch, HL Tollett, RW AF Katz, Brian G. Kingsbury, James A. Welch, Heather L. Tollett, Roland W. TI Processes affecting geochemistry and contaminant movement in the middle Claiborne aquifer of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Middle Claiborne aquifer; Mississippi embayment aquifer system; Nitrate; Pesticides; Memphis aquifer ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; HE-3; TRACERS; TRITIUM; USA AB Groundwater chemistry and tracer-based age data were used to assess contaminant movement and geochemical processes in the middle Claiborne aquifer (MCA) of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. Water samples were collected from 30 drinking-water wells (mostly domestic and public supply) and analyzed for nutrients, major ions, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and transient age tracers (chlorofluorocarbons, tritium and helium-3, and sulfur hexafluoride). Redox conditions are highly variable throughout the MCA. However, mostly oxic groundwater with low dissolved solids is more vulnerable to nitrate contamination in the outcrop areas east of the Mississippi River in Mississippi and west Tennessee than in mostly anoxic groundwater in downgradient areas in western parts of the study area. Groundwater in the outcrop area was relatively young (apparent age of less than 40 years) with significantly (p < 0.05) higher dissolved oxygen and nitrate-N concentrations and higher detections of pesticides and VOCs compared to water samples from wells in downgradient areas. Oxygen reduction and denitrification rates were low compared to other aquifers in the United States (zero order rate constants for oxygen reduction and denitrification were 4.7 and 5-10 mu mol/L/year, respectively). Elevated concentrations of nitrate-N, and detections of pesticides and VOCs in some deep public supply wells (> 50 m depth) indicated contaminant movement from shallow parts of the aquifer into deeper oxic zones. Given the persistence of nitrate in young oxic groundwater that was recharged several decades ago, and the lack of a confining unit, the downward movement of young contaminated water may result in higher nitrate concentrations over time in deeper parts of the aquifer containing older oxic water. C1 [Katz, Brian G.] USGS, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Kingsbury, James A.] USGS, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Welch, Heather L.] USGS, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. [Tollett, Roland W.] USGS, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. RP Katz, BG (reprint author), USGS, 2639 N Monroe St,Ste A200, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM bkatz@usgs.gov OI Kingsbury, James/0000-0003-4985-275X FU US Geological Survey FX This research study was funded by the US Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). Special thanks are extended to the homeowners and utilities for allowing us to collect water samples from their wells. The authors gratefully acknowledge R.C. Seanor for GIS support; and J.K. Carmichael, C.T. Green, S.C. Cooper, and several anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that significantly improved earlier versions of this paper. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1759 EP 1780 DI 10.1007/s12665-011-1157-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 898VS UT WOS:000300771100014 ER PT J AU Bildstein, KL Peterjohn, BG AF Bildstein, Keith L. Peterjohn, Bruce G. TI THE FUTURE OF BANDING IN RAPTOR SCIENCE SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE banding; demography; migration; raptor; tracking ID SHARP-SHINNED HAWKS; SPARROWHAWKS ACCIPITER-NISUS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; FALL MIGRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; OSPREYS; ROUTES AB The future of conventional banding in raptor science depends upon the types of questions asked by scientists working in the field, and the extent to which banders and researchers continue their trapping and banding efforts. Traditionally, banding data have played two important roles in raptor science: assessing demographic statistics, including age at first breeding, survival rates, and mortality factors; and tracking movements of raptors, including migration, nomadic movements, and both natal and breeding dispersal. Recent decades have seen an explosive development and use of newer techniques to document the movements of raptors, including color leg-bands, wing-tags, conventional VHF tracking units, satellite-based UHF units, GPS-GSM units, and geolocating data loggers. All of these techniques have greatly facilitated our ability to track the movements of individual birds, broadening the field of movement ecology considerably, and shifting its emphasis from traditional population studies of migration toward detailed investigations of the ecology and geography of individual birds. Although conventional banding no longer plays as large a role in the study of raptor movements as it once did, its continued use can significantly complement the newer tools in use today, and can enhance our ability to understand the demographics and movements of raptors. For example, given banding's multi-decadal histoty, one potential use of banding data is in the assessment of the long-term effects of environmental changes, including climate, land-use, and contaminant changes, on both raptor demographics and movements. We believe that conventional banding remains an essential tool, for both the population biologist and the ecologist studying raptor movements, and that its usefulness in the field continues. We recommend that the emphasis of banding shift from short-term independent projects aimed at documenting movement patterns toward collaborative long-term efforts designed to provide insights into the factors influencing population responses to changing environments. C1 [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA. [Peterjohn, Bruce G.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Bird Banding Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bildstein, KL (reprint author), Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, 410 Summer Valley Rd, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA. EM bildstein@hawkmtn.org FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the participants of the Banding Symposium at the 2010 meeting of the Raptor Research Foundation for offering examples of the roles of conventional banding and newer tracking techniques in studies of raptor demography and movements, and the U.S. Geological Survey for providing funds to enable publishing the proceedings of the symposium. We thank referees Ian Newton and Allen Fish for helping us improve this manuscript. We also recognize and thank the hundreds, if not thousands, of bird banders in Canada and the United States, who have banded raptors, and without whose persevering efforts this important conservation tool would not be available to raptor scientists and conservationists. Our home organizations, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and the U.S. Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center allowed us time to write and publish this contribution. This is Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Contribution to Conservation Science Number 206. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 29 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 914QE UT WOS:000301965600001 ER PT J AU Bystrak, D Nakash, E Lutmerding, JA AF Bystrak, Danny Nakash, Elaine Lutmerding, Jo A. TI SUMMARY OF RAPTOR BANDING RECORDS AT THE BIRD BANDING LAB SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE banding data; Bird Banding Lab; raptor ringing; summary AB The USGS Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) maintains a database of all bird-banding data from North America. These files contain more than 70 million records. Data that are stored electronically (i.e., from 1960 and later) comprise 61 million records. Of these, 1.86 million represent raptors. As expected, the more common species are the more commonly banded. Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) are the most commonly banded diurnal raptors. Among owls, Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is by far the most commonly banded. Most raptor banding has taken place at migration monitoring stations, with nestling-banding making up another large percentage. Although banding data are most valuable when associated with subsequent encounters, much interesting distributional and migration information can be found in the banding database itself. Because the BBL stores information regarding the status of banded birds, we can demonstrate the increases or decreases over time in the use of auxiliary markers such as coded leg bands, geolocators, or transmitters. C1 [Bystrak, Danny; Nakash, Elaine; Lutmerding, Jo A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bystrak, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM dbystrak@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 914QE UT WOS:000301965600002 ER PT J AU Lutmerding, JA Rogosky, M Peterjohn, B McNicoll, J Bystrak, D AF Lutmerding, Jo A. Rogosky, Matthew Peterjohn, Bruce McNicoll, Jennifer Bystrak, Danny TI SUMMARY OF RAPTOR ENCOUNTER RECORDS AT THE BIRD BANDING LAB SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bird Banding Lab; encounter; longevity; mortality; raptor; recovery ID MIGRATION AB Since the inception of the North American Bird Banding program through 2008, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) has received approximately 54 000 encounter reports of banded raptors of 52 species, excluding local recaptures and band-only reports. Between 1960 and 2008, banded raptors were encountered at an overall rate of approximately 2.9%. Since 1996, with the inception of the 1-800 toll-free number, the BBL has regularly processed 1500-2000 encounter reports of raptors annually. Raptors with the highest encounter-report rates were Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus; 14.0% of the banding records), Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos; 8.3%), Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus; 8.0%), Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca; 7.6%), and Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus, 7.1%). Over time, raptor encounter reports indicating the bird was shot have greatly decreased, whereas there has been an increase in vehicle collisions. Longevity records of raptors are among some of the oldest in the BBL database, and the age at encounter of raptors caught and released as part of normal banding operations was comparable to that of rehabilitated and released raptors. Mapping of raptor encounter reports in North America indicated that encounter records clustered around dense human populations and along coasts. With advances in marking technology, encounters of living marked raptors may begin to exceed recoveries of dead or injured birds (currently the most common method of encounter). C1 [Lutmerding, Jo A.; Rogosky, Matthew; Peterjohn, Bruce; McNicoll, Jennifer; Bystrak, Danny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Lutmerding, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jlutmerding@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 914QE UT WOS:000301965600003 ER PT J AU Wijayratne, UC Pyke, DA AF Wijayratne, Upekala C. Pyke, David A. TI BURIAL INCREASES SEED LONGEVITY OF TWO ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA (ASTERACEAE) SUBSPECIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; nondeep physiological dormancy; restoration; seed burial; seed longevity; seed persistence; soil seed bank ID BIG SAGEBRUSH; GERMINATION PATTERNS; FIRE INTENSITY; PLANT TRAITS; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; DORMANCY; STEPPE; RESTORATION; BANKS AB Premise of the study : Seed longevity and persistence in soil seed banks may be especially important for population persistence in ecosystems where opportunities for seedling establishment and disturbance are unpredictable. The fire regime, an important driver of population dynamics in sagebrush steppe ecosystems, has been altered by exotic annual grass invasion. Soil seed banks may play an active role in postfire recovery of the foundation shrub Artemisia tridentata, yet conditions under which seeds persist are largely unknown. Methods : We investigated seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata subspecies in situ by retrieving seed bags that were placed at varying depths over a 2 yr period. We also sampled naturally dispersed seeds in litter and soil immediately after seed dispersal and before flowering in subsequent seasons to estimate seed persistence. Key results : After 24 mo, seeds buried at least 3 cm below the soil surface retained 30-40% viability whereas viability of seeds on the surface and under litter declined to 0 and < 11%, respectively. The density of naturally dispersed seeds in the seed bank was highly heterogeneous both spatially and temporally, and attrition varied significantly by region. Conclusions : Our study suggests that Artemisia tridentata has the potential to form a short-term soil seed bank that persists longer than has been commonly assumed, and that burial is necessary for seed longevity. Use of seeding techniques that promote burial of some seeds to aid in formation of a soil seed bank may increase restoration potential. C1 [Wijayratne, Upekala C.; Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wijayratne, Upekala C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wijayratne, UC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ucwijayratne@fs.fed.us FU Lava Lake Foundation; U.S. Joint Fire Science Program [05-S-08]; U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Botany and Plant Pathology Department of Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA FX The authors thank Lava Lake Foundation, U.S. Joint Fire Science Program project #05-S-08 (this is Contribution 40 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP)), U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project, and the Botany and Plant Pathology Department of Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA for funding this study, T. O'Sullivan for guidance in finding sites, S. Akagi and D. Bilsland for laboratory assistance, J. Brunson, N. DeCrappeo, E. DeLorenze, M. Gates, K. Knutson, S. Lambert, A. Lindgren, A. Nilsson, E. Orling, S. Shaff, and T. Wirth for field assistance, M. Huso for statistical help, and P. Doescher, R. Miller, P. Muir, and K. Veblen for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 27 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 99 IS 3 BP 438 EP 447 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000477 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 905EI UT WOS:000301254600016 PM 22301894 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Dalton, M Hilborn, R AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Dalton, Michael Hilborn, Ray TI Quantitative risk measures applied to Alaskan commercial fisheries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VALUE-AT-RISK; RANDOM FOREST; FISH STOCKS; MANAGEMENT; CLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION; HISTORY; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; MACHINE AB Risk measures can summarize the complex variability inherent in fisheries management into simple metrics. We use quantitative risk measures from investment theory to analyze catch and revenue risks for 90 commercial fisheries in Alaska, USA, nearly a complete census. We estimate the relationship between fishery characteristics and catch risk using nonparametric random forest regression to identify attributes associated with high or low risks. Catch and revenue risks for individual Alaskan fisheries are substantial and are higher than risks for farmed food alternatives. Revenue risks are greater than catch risks for most fisheries, indicating that price variability is an additional source of risk to fishermen. Regression results indicate that higher productivity species tend to be higher risk, and there is an increasing gradient of risk moving north and west across Alaskan waters, with the remote western Bering Sea fisheries tending to have the highest risks. Low risk fisheries generally have large catches and support larger fleets. Finally, fisheries with greater catch history under some form of dedicated access privileges tend to have lower catch risks. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dalton, Michael] NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sasethi@gmail.com RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 FU National Science Foundation; Moore Foundation; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Mike Plotnick and Stephen Wright at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing fisheries price information and Sue Benz of the US Department of Agriculture for Alaska agricultural production data. We thank Ben Fissel, Dan Huppert, Andre Punt, two anonymous reviewers, and CJFAS editorial staff for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. S. A. S. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and by the Moore Foundation funded UW Alaska Salmon Program. S. A. S. and M. D. also received support from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Government. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1139/F2011-170 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905VC UT WOS:000301303000006 ER PT J AU DeLong, SB Prentice, CS Hilley, GE Ebert, Y AF DeLong, Stephen B. Prentice, Carol S. Hilley, George E. Ebert, Yael TI Multitemporal ALSM change detection, sediment delivery, and process mapping at an active earthflow SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; hillslope; morphological sediment budgeting; DEM differencing; mass wasting ID MASS-WASTING PROCESSES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; NORTH-CAROLINA; EROSION RATES; LANDSLIDE; CALIFORNIA; KINEMATICS; RIVER; INTERFEROMETRY; DEFORMATION AB Remote mapping and measurement of surface processes at high spatial resolution is among the frontiers in Earth surface process research. Remote measurements that allow meter-scale mapping of landforms and quantification of landscape change can revolutionize the study of landscape evolution on human timescales. At Mill Gulch in northern California, USA, an active earthflow was surveyed in 2003 and 2007 by airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), enabling meter-scale quantification of landscape change. We calculate four-year volumetric flux from the earthflow and compare it to long-term catchment average erosion rates from cosmogenic radionuclide inventories from adjacent watersheds. We also present detailed maps of changing features on the earthflow, from which we can derive velocity estimates and infer dominant process. These measurements rely on proper digital elevation model (DEM) generation and a simple surface-matching technique to align the multitemporal data in a manner that eliminates systematic error in either dataset. The mean surface elevation of the earthflow and an opposite slope that was directly influenced by the earthflow decreased 14 +/- 1mm/yr from 2003 to 2007. By making the conservative assumption that these features were the dominant contributor of sediment flux from the entire Mill Gulch drainage basin during this time interval, we calculate a minimum catchment-averaged erosion rate of 0.30 +/- 0.02mm/yr. Analysis of beryllium-10 (10Be) concentrations in fluvial sand from nearby Russian Gulch and the South Fork Gualala River provide catchment averaged erosion rates of 0.21 +/- 0.04 and 0.23 +/- 0.03?mm/yr respectively. From translated landscape features, we can infer surface velocities ranging from 0.5?m/yr in the wide upper source portion of the flow to 5?m/yr in the narrow middle transport portion of the flow. This study re-affirms the importance of mass wasting processes in the sediment budgets of uplifting weak lithologies. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [DeLong, Stephen B.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85738 USA. [DeLong, Stephen B.; Prentice, Carol S.] MS 977 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Hilley, George E.; Ebert, Yael] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP DeLong, SB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2,POB 8746, Tucson, AZ 85738 USA. EM sdelong@email.arizona.edu OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 FU US Geological Survey FX SBD was supported by a US Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Thanks to N. Glenn and C. Crosby for helpful conversations, and to J. Wheaton and an anonymous reviewer for helpful review. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1002/esp.2234 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 899TH UT WOS:000300838600002 ER PT J AU Bellmore, JR Baxter, CV Ray, AM Denny, L Tardy, K Galloway, E AF Bellmore, J. Ryan Baxter, Colden V. Ray, Andrew M. Denny, Lytle Tardy, Kurt Galloway, Evelyn TI Assessing the Potential for Salmon Recovery via Floodplain Restoration: A Multitrophic Level Comparison of Dredge-Mined to Reference Segments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Steelhead; Habitat restoration; Floodplains; Ecosystem ecology; Aquatic invertebrates ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; FOOD WEBS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; RIVER RESTORATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; RIPARIAN ZONES; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; SNAKE RIVER AB Pre-restoration studies typically focus on physical habitat, rather than the food-base that supports aquatic species. However, both food and habitat are necessary to support the species that habitat restoration is frequently aimed at recovering. Here we evaluate if and how the productivity of the food-base that supports fish production is impaired in a dredge-mined floodplain within the Yankee Fork Salmon River (YFSR), Idaho (USA); a site where past restoration has occurred and where more has been proposed to help recover anadromous salmonids. Utilizing an ecosystem approach, we found that the dredged segment had comparable terrestrial leaf and invertebrate inputs, aquatic primary producer biomass, and production of aquatic invertebrates relative to five reference floodplains. Thus, the food-base in the dredged segment did not necessarily appear impaired. On the other hand, we observed that off-channel aquatic habitats were frequently important to productivity in reference floodplains, and the connection of these habitats in the dredged segment via previous restoration increased invertebrate productivity by 58%. However, using a simple bioenergetic model, we estimated that the invertebrate food-base was at least 4x larger than present demand for food by fish in dredged and reference segments. In the context of salmon recovery efforts, this observation questions whether additional food-base productivity provided by further habitat restoration would be warranted in the YFSR. Together, our findings highlight the importance of studies that assess the aquatic food-base, and emphasize the need for more robust ecosystem models that evaluate factors potentially limiting fish populations that are the target of restoration. C1 [Ray, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Bellmore, J. Ryan; Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Denny, Lytle; Tardy, Kurt; Galloway, Evelyn] Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Fish & Wildlife Dept, Ft Hall, ID USA. RP Bellmore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM belljame@isu.edu FU Shoshone-Bannock Tribes via Bonneville Power Administration [200205900]; NSF-EPSCoR [EPS-04-47689, 08-14387] FX We thank P. Connolly, J. Davis, A. Kohler, M. Kondolf, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments on this manuscript. Field and lab assistance was provided by M. Lamb, J. Haddix, K. Pontius, H. Bechtold, J. Benjamin, A. Marcarelli, M. Mineau, and H. Ray. We also thank the members of Idaho State University Stream Ecology Center for their insightful discussions. Funding for this project was provided by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, via a grant from the Bonneville Power Administration (grant #: 200205900). Additional support was provided by NSF-EPSCoR (EPS-04-47689, 08-14387). NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 734 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9813-x PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905TZ UT WOS:000301299400018 PM 22323109 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Simmons, T AF Arp, Christopher D. Simmons, Trey TI Analyzing the Impacts of Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Trails on Watershed Processes in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Boreal wetlands; Channel initiation; Headwater streams; Land-use disturbance; National parks; Off-road vehicles (ORV); Permafrost soils; Recreational trails ID CHANNEL INITIATION; DRAINAGE DENSITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; PERMAFROST; TERRAIN; FLOW; RESISTANCE; PEATLANDS; EROSION; SOILS AB Trails created by off-road vehicles (ORV) in boreal lowlands are known to cause local impacts, such as denuded vegetation, soil erosion, and permafrost thaw, but impacts on stream and watershed processes are less certain. In Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), Alaska, ORV trails have caused local resource damage in intermountain lowlands with permafrost soils and abundant wetlands and there is a need to know whether these impacts are more extensive. Comparison of aerial photography from 1957, 1981, and 2004 coupled with ground surveys in 2009 reveal an increase in trail length and number and show an upslope expansion of a trail system around points of stream channel initiation. We hypothesized that these impacts could also cause premature initiation and headward expansion of channels because of lowered soil resistance and greater runoff accumulation as trails migrate upslope. Soil monitoring showed earlier and deeper thaw of the active layer in and adjacent to trails compared to reference sites. Several rainfall-runoff events during the summer of 2009 showed increased and sustained flow accumulation below trail crossings and channel shear forces sufficient to cause headward erosion of silt and peat soils. These observations of trail evolution relative to stream and wetland crossings together with process studies suggest that ORV trails are altering watershed processes. These changes in watershed processes appear to result in increasing drainage density and may also alter downstream flow regimes, water quality, and aquatic habitat. Addressing local land-use disturbances in boreal and arctic parklands with permafrost soils, such as WRST, where responses to climate change may be causing concurrent shifts in watershed processes, represents an important challenge facing resource managers. C1 [Arp, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Simmons, Trey] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu; trey_simmons@nps.gov OI Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 751 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9811-z PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905TZ UT WOS:000301299400019 PM 22327506 ER PT J AU Schulz, WH Galloway, SL Higgins, JD AF Schulz, William H. Galloway, Sarah L. Higgins, Jerry D. TI Evidence for earthquake triggering of large landslides in coastal Oregon, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Earthquake; Coastal bluff; Oregon; Tsunami; Cascadia subduction zone ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; RIVER ESTUARY; BRITTLE ROCK; LAKE; DISPLACEMENTS; TSUNAMIS; STRENGTH; FAILURE; HISTORY AB Landslides are ubiquitous along the Oregon coast. Many are large, deep slides in sedimentary rock and are dormant or active only during the rainy season. Morphology, observed movement rates, and total movement suggest that many are at least several hundreds of years old. The offshore Cascadia subduction zone produces great earthquakes every 300-500 years that generate tsunami that inundate the coast within minutes. Many slides and slide-prone areas underlie tsunami evacuation and emergency response routes. We evaluated the likelihood of existing and future large rockslides being triggered by pore-water pressure increase or earthquake-induced ground motion using field observations and modeling of three typical slides. Monitoring for 2-9 years indicated that the rockslides reactivate when pore pressures exceed readily identifiable levels. Measurements of total movement and observed movement rates suggest that two of the rockslides are 296-336 years old (the third could not be dated). The most recent great Cascadia earthquake was M 9.0 and occurred during January 1700, while regional climatological conditions have been stable for at least the past 600 years. Hence, the estimated ages of the slides support earthquake ground motion as their triggering mechanism. Limit-equilibrium slope-stability modeling suggests that increased pore-water pressures could not trigger formation of the observed slides, even when accompanied by progressive strength loss. Modeling suggests that ground accelerations comparable to those recorded at geologically similar sites during the M 9.0, 11 March 2011 Japan Trench subduction-zone earthquake would trigger formation of the rockslides. Displacement modeling following the Newmark approach suggests that the rockslides would move only centimeters upon coseismic formation; however, coseismic reactivation of existing rockslides would involve meters of displacement. Our findings provide better understanding of the dynamic coastal bluff environment and hazards from future subduction-zone earthquakes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schulz, William H.; Galloway, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Higgins, Jerry D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wschulz@usgs.gov; gallowaysl@pbworld.com; jhiggins@mines.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 141 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.026 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 910ZR UT WOS:000301687600008 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Nicholson, PD Showalter, MR Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Baines, K Sotin, C AF Hedman, M. M. Nicholson, P. D. Showalter, M. R. Brown, R. H. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Baines, K. Sotin, C. TI The Christiansen Effect in Saturn's narrow dusty rings and the spectral identification of clumps in the F ring (vol 215, pg 695, 2011) SO ICARUS LA English DT Correction C1 [Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Showalter, M. R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, B. J.; Baines, K.; Sotin, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2012 VL 218 IS 1 BP 735 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.023 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 910LH UT WOS:000301637700057 ER PT J AU Stackelberg, PE Barbash, JE Gilliom, RJ Stone, WW Wolock, DM AF Stackelberg, Paul E. Barbash, Jack E. Gilliom, Robert J. Stone, Wesley W. Wolock, David M. TI Regression Models for Estimating Concentrations of Atrazine plus Deethylatrazine in Shallow Groundwater in Agricultural Areas of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ALDICARB RESIDUES; AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; SOIL; DEGRADATION; WATER; PERSISTENCE; MOVEMENT; PESTICIDES; QUALITY; NITRATE AB Tobit regression models were developed to predict the summed concentration of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and its degradate deethylatrazine [6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5,-triazine-2,4-diamine] (DEA) in shallow groundwater underlying agricultural settings across the conterminous United States. The models were developed from atrazine and DEA concentrations in samples from 1298 wells and explanatory variables that represent the source of atrazine and various aspects of the transport and fate of atrazine and DEA in the subsurface. One advantage of these newly developed models over previous national regression models is that they predict concentrations (rather than detection frequency), which can be compared with water quality benchmarks. Model results indicate that variability in the concentration of atrazine residues (atrazine plus DEA) in groundwater underlying agricultural areas is more strongly controlled by the history of atrazine use in relation to the timing of recharge (groundwater age) than by processes that control the dispersion, adsorption, or degradation of these compounds in the saturated zone. Current (1990s) atrazine use was found to be a weak explanatory variable, perhaps because it does not represent the use of atrazine at the time of recharge of the sampled groundwater and because the likelihood that these compounds will reach the water table is affected by other factors operating within the unsaturated zone, such as soil characteristics, artificial drainage, and water movement. Results show that only about 5% of agricultural areas have greater than a 10% probability of exceeding the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 3.0 mu g L-1. These models are not developed for regulatory purposes but rather can be used to (i) identify areas of potential concern, (ii) provide conservative estimates of the concentrations of atrazine residues in deeper potential drinking water supplies, and (iii) set priorities among areas for future groundwater monitoring. C1 [Stackelberg, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stone, Wesley W.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Stackelberg, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pestack@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 479 EP 494 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0200 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200021 PM 22370411 ER PT J AU Gabriel, M Kolka, R Wickman, T Woodruff, L Nater, E AF Gabriel, Mark Kolka, Randy Wickman, Trent Woodruff, Laurel Nater, Ed TI Latent Effect of Soil Organic Matter Oxidation on Mercury Cycling within a Southern Boreal Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; METHYL MERCURY; FOREST-FIRE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NATIONAL-PARK; YELLOW PERCH; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; WATER CHEMISTRY; LAKES AB The focus of this study is to investigate processes causing the observed spatial variation of total mercury (THg) in the soil O horizon of watersheds within the Superior National Forest (Minnesota) and to determine if results have implications toward understanding long-term changes in THg concentrations for resident fish. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the spatial relationships of 42 chemical elements in three soil horizons over 10 watersheds. Results indicate that soil organic carbon is the primary factor controlling the spatial variation of certain metals (Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cu, and As) in the O and A soil horizons. In the B/E horizon, organic carbon appeared to play a minor role in metal spatial variation. These characteristics are consistent with the concentration of soil organic matter and carbon decreasing from the O to the B/E horizons. We also investigated the relationship between percent change in upland soil organic content and fish THg concentrations across all watersheds. Statistical regression analysis indicates that a 50% reduction in age-one and age-two fish THg concentration could result from an average 10% decrease in upland soil organic content. Disturbances that decrease the content of THg and organic matter in the O and A horizons (e. g., fire) may cause a short-term increase in atmospherically deposited mercury but, over the long term, may lead to decreased fish THg concentrations in affected watersheds. C1 [Gabriel, Mark; Nater, Ed] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kolka, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Wickman, Trent] Super Natl Forest, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. [Woodruff, Laurel] USGS, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Gabriel, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM marklive02@yahoo.com FU Joint Fire Sciences FX This research was accomplished through a collaborative agreement between the USGS (Mineral Resources Program, Reston, VA), USDA-FS (Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN and Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN), and the University of Minnesota (Department of Soil Water and Climate, St. Paul, MN). The authors thank Bill Cannon, Connie Dicken, John Horton, Jason Butcher, Ken Gebhardt, Jessica Wittwer, Emma Witt, Jodi Thielen, and Lindsey Peters for their field and analytical support. This research was funded by Joint Fire Sciences 2004-2, Local Research Needs. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0104 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200022 PM 22370412 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, AM Wanielista, MP Chang, NB Harris, WG Xuan, ZM AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Wanielista, Martin P. Chang, Ni-Bin Harris, Willie G. Xuan, Zhemin TI Soil Property Control of Biogeochemical Processes beneath Two Subtropical Stormwater Infiltration Basins SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LARGE KARSTIC SPRINGS; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; WATER-CONTENT; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; FLORIDA; BIORETENTION AB Substantially different biogeochemical processes affecting nitrogen fate and transport were observed beneath two stormwater infiltration basins in north-central Florida. Differences are related to soil textural properties that deeply link hydroclimatic conditions with soil moisture variations in a humid, subtropical climate. During 2008, shallow groundwater beneath the basin with predominantly clayey soils (median, 41% silt+clay) exhibited decreases in dissolved oxygen from 3.8 to 0.1 mg L-1 and decreases in nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) from 2.7 mg L-1 to <0.016 mg L-1, followed by manganese and iron reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis. In contrast, beneath the basin with predominantly sandy soils (median, 2% silt+clay), aerobic conditions persisted from 2007 through 2009 (dissolved oxygen, 5.0-7.8 mg L-1), resulting in NO3--N of 1.3 to 3.3 mg L-1 in shallow groundwater. Enrichment of delta N-15 and delta O-18 of NO3- combined with water chemistry data indicates denitrification beneath the clayey basin and relatively conservative NO3- transport beneath the sandy basin. Soil-extractable NO3--N was significantly lower and the copper-containing nitrite reductase gene density was significantly higher beneath the clayey basin. Differences in moisture retention capacity between fine-and coarse-textured soils resulted in median volumetric gas-phase contents of 0.04 beneath the clayey basin and 0.19 beneath the sandy basin, inhibiting surface/subsurface oxygen exchange beneath the clayey basin. Results can inform development of soil amendments to maintain elevated moisture content in shallow soils of stormwater infiltration basins, which can be incorporated in improved best management practices to mitigate NO3- impacts. C1 [Chang, Ni-Bin; Xuan, Zhemin] Univ Cent Florida, Dep Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Wanielista, Martin P.] Univ Cent Florida, Water Res Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wanielista, Martin P.] Univ Cent Florida, Stormwater Management Acad, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Harris, Willie G.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dep Civil Environm & Construct Engn, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd,Bldg 91,Suite 442, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM Ni-bin.Chang@ucf.edu RI Xuan, Zhemin /I-9449-2012 FU Marion County (Florida) Board of County Commissioners; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Withlacoochee River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the Marion County (Florida) Board of County Commissioners, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Withlacoochee River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Monitoring well construction was provided by the St. Johns River Water Management District. The cooperation and experience of E. S. Williams, G. Mowry, T. Straub, C. M. Zajac, E. H. Livingston, D. Munch, and R. Brooks were essential to the success of this project and are greatly appreciated. The authors thank L.J. Naujock for soil moisture retention curve and permeability analyses; X. Cao, J. Manohardeep, K. Awuma, and G. Kasozi for soil mineralogical and chemical analyses; T. B. Coplen for stable isotope analyses of NO3- and water; and B. G. Katz for valuable advice throughout the project on water sample collection, analysis, and interpretation. Insightful reviews by B. G. Katz and C. T. Green resulted in substantial improvements to the technical content and organization of earlier versions of the manuscript and are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and C. Stamm (Associate Editor) for their thorough reviews, which significantly improved the present manuscript. Supplemental information is available on the following: USGS site identification numbers for the data collection sites and information on obtaining data from the USGS National Water Information System; laboratory analytical methods, reporting levels, and method detection limits for water samples (Supplemental Table S1); materials and methods for soil physical, mineralogical, and chemical analyses; subsurface temperature (Supplemental Fig. S1); silt and clay fraction mineralogy (Supplemental Table S2); soil textural fractionation, pH, electrical conductivity, CEC, anion exchange capacity, and acid-ammonium-oxalate- and citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate-extractable soil Al, Fe, and P contents (Supplemental Table S3); soil solid N and C contents (Supplemental Table S4); KCl- and water-extractable N and C contents (Supplemental Table S5); and nirK gene densities measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Supplemental Table S6). NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 564 EP 581 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0204 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899XY UT WOS:000300851200029 PM 22370419 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, MA Ketola, HG Zehfus, MH Crosswait, JR Rinchard, J AF Chalupnicki, Marc A. Ketola, H. George Zehfus, Micheal H. Crosswait, Jonathan R. Rinchard, Jacques TI Thiamine status of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) eggs in the Great Lakes, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainbow smelt; thiamine; thiaminase ID SLIMY SCULPIN; ONTARIO; FISH; MICHIGAN; FOOD; SALMONINES; ALEWIVES; DYNAMICS; TROUT; DIETS AB During spring 2006-2009, eggs were collected for analysis of total thiamine from gravid rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) captured in each of the Great Lakes and two other waters as references for comparison. Mean standard length (mm +/- standard error) of gravid females significantly differed between sample waters, with the Atlantic Ocean population being the longest (189 12.3 mm) and Lake Michigan population the shortest (122 +/- 0.3 mm). Mean thiamine concentrations (nmol/g standard error) for single-year samples for Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and Little Clear Pond (New York) were 9.9 +/- 0.8, 3.9 +/- 0.7, and 8.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/g, respectively. Thiamine concentrations for multiple-year samples ranged from 1.1 to 15.6 for Lake Ontario, from 2.6 to 3.3 for Lake Erie, from 5.0 to 9.9 for Lake Superior, and from 10.9 to 13.3 for the Atlantic Ocean (Fore River). Although highly variable within populations and across years, thiamine concentrations in most spawning adults appeared to be adequate in all the waters for the years sampled except for 2006 and 2009 in Lake Ontario and 2009 in Lake Erie. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Ketola, H. George] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Zehfus, Micheal H.; Crosswait, Jonathan R.] Black Hills State Univ, Dept Chem, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. [Rinchard, Jacques] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.603204 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911YC UT WOS:000301759600003 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ VanDeHey, JA Wuestewald, A Chipps, SR AF Fincel, Mark J. VanDeHey, Justin A. Wuestewald, Andrew Chipps, Steven R. TI Comparing isotope signatures of prey fish: does gut removal affect delta C-13 or delta N-15? SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable isotope analysis; rainbow smelt; gizzard shad; yellow perch; white bass; spottail shiner ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; CLEARANCE RATE; CONTAMINANT BIOACCUMULATION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; MIXING MODELS; TISSUES; LAKE; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE AB Stable isotope analysis is a quick and inexpensive method to monitor the effects of food web changes on aquatic communities. Traditionally, whole specimens have been used when determining isotope composition of prey fish or age-0 recreational fishes. However, gut contents of prey fish could potentially alter isotope composition of the specimen, especially when recent foraging has taken place or when the gut contains non-assimilated material that would normally pass through fishes undigested. To assess the impacts of gut content on prey fish isotope signatures, we examined the differences in isotopic variation of five prey fish species using whole fish, whole fish with the gut contents removed, and dorsal muscle only. We found significant differences in both delta N-15 and delta C-13 between the three tissue treatments. In most cases, muscle tissue was enriched compared to whole specimens or gut-removed specimens. Moreover, differences in mean delta N-15 within a species were up to 2 parts per thousand among treatments. This would result in a change of over half a trophic position (TP) based on a 3.4 parts per thousand increase per trophic level. However, there were no apparent relationships between tissue isotope values in fish with increased gut fullness (more prey tissue present). We suggest that muscle tissue should be used as the standard tissue for determining isotope composition of prey fish or age-0 recreational fishes, especially when determining enrichment for mixing models, calculating TP, or constructing aquatic food webs. C1 [Fincel, Mark J.; VanDeHey, Justin A.; Wuestewald, Andrew; Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Mark.Fincel@sdstate.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R] FX We thank R. Hanten, K. Potter, K. Edwards, N. Poole and A. Leingang from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, and B. Kline, D. Clay, D. Willis, M. Wuellner, and D. James from South Dakota State University for assisting with specimen collection, technical support, and review of earlier drafts. Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1515, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.604984 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911YC UT WOS:000301759600005 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GR Breck, JE Hook, TO AF Jacobs, Gregory R. Breck, James E. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Growth-mediated seasonal energy allocation patterns of young-of-year largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; life-history; storage; structure; condition ID BODY-COMPOSITION; LAKE-MICHIGAN; FISH; SIZE; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; MODELS; RATION AB In temperate environments, seasonal selective sources of mortality (e.g., starvation and predation) may drive season-specific energy allocation patterns of young-of-year fish. However, when quantifying such phenomena, the effect of ration is rarely considered. We conducted two experiments to investigate the effect of ration on seasonal energy allocation patterns of age-0 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) during summer and fall. In a laboratory experiment designed to evaluate short-term effects of ration on energy allocation, recent ration history strongly affected body dimensions and length-adjusted energy content. In outdoor raceways, young largemouth bass grew at different rates under different ration levels. In response, length-adjusted energy content, a size-independent index of condition, differed among raceway ration treatments during late summer. However, during fall, high- and low-growth treatment fish expressed similar length-adjusted energy content. Thus, while low-growth fish appeared to allocate a disproportionately low amount of energy to growth of energy-rich storage tissue during late summer, as winter approached, low-growth fish switched and instead allocated a disproportionately high amount of energy to storage tissue. We conclude that energy availability (via ration level) affects short-term energy allocation patterns and may interactively influence seasonal shifts in energy allocation patterns. C1 [Jacobs, Gregory R.; Breck, James E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jacobs, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Breck, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jacobs, GR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM grjacobs@umich.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.606983 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911YC UT WOS:000301759600006 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Daniels, ME Brown, LR Arts, MT Walsh, MG Brown, SB AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Daniels, Marion E. Brown, Lisa R. Arts, Michael T. Walsh, Maureen G. Brown, Scott B. TI Survey of four essential nutrients and thiaminase activity in five Lake Ontario prey fish species SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Thiaminase; Fatty acids; Thiamine; Alpha-tocopherol; Vitamin E; Vitamin A ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; BALTIC SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; M74 SYNDROME; ASTAXANTHIN; ALEWIFE; TROUT; MICHIGAN; TISSUES AB Thiamine deficiency is an impediment to salmonine reproduction in the Great Lakes, but little is known about other measures of dietary quality, such as lipid-soluble vitamins or fatty acids in prey fish. The objective of the present research was to measure selected essential nutrients and thiaminase activity in five Lake Ontario prey fish species (alewife Alosa psuedoharengus, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus, threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and round goby Neogobius melanostomus). Total thiamine was greater in alewife (13.6 nmol/g) than in the other species (6.2-9.0 nmol/g). In 2006, thiaminase activity was unexpectedly high in goby (12.49 nmol/g/min), sculpin (1.99 nmol/g/min) and smelt (9.24 nmol/g/min). In 2007, thiaminase activity in goby (0.99 nmol/g/min) and smelt (4.94 nmol/g/min) was low compared to 2006, whereas sculpin thiaminase activity was greatest (6.01 nmol/g/min). The causes for this variability are unknown. Thiaminase activity was within the expected range for alewife (4.31-6.31 nmol/g/min) and stickleback (0.06 nmol/g/min). Concentrations of retinoids, carotenoids, vitamin E (tocopherol) and fatty acids also differed among prey fish species. Tocopherol concentrations in goby (12.74 ng/mg), sculpin (25.29 ng/mg), and smelt (22.81 ng/mg) were greater than in alewife (1.59 ng/mg). Goby had the lowest Sigma omega-3 to Sigma omega-6 fatty acid ratio (1.44) when compared to sculpin (2.97) and smelt (2.85). Thiaminase concentrations in alewife and smelt (and possibly goby) suggest that they have the potential to adversely affect natural reproduction in salmonines. Concentrations of carotenoids, retinoids and tocopherol in prey fish appear to be lower than salmonine dietary requirements. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] USGS, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Daniels, Marion E.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. [Brown, Lisa R.; Arts, Michael T.; Brown, Scott B.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Walsh, Maureen G.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), USGS, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900002 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA Warner, DM Schaeffer, JS Ludsin, SA Claramunt, RM Nalepa, TF AF Pothoven, Steven A. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Warner, David M. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Ludsin, Stuart A. Claramunt, Randall M. Nalepa, Thomas F. TI Influences on Bythotrephes longimanus life-history characteristics in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Planktivory; Invasive species; Spiny water flea; Lake Erie; Lake Huron; Lake Michigan ID CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATORY CLADOCERANS; SPECIES INVASION; SIZE VARIATION; DAPHNIA-PULEX; RAINBOW SMELT; HARP LAKE; MICHIGAN; HURON; COMMUNITY AB We compared Bythotrephes population demographics and dynamics to predator (planktivorous fish) and prey (small-bodied crustacean zooplankton) densities at a site sampled through the growing season in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Although seasonal average densities of Bythotrephes were similar across lakes (222/m(2) Erie, 247/m(2) Huron, 162/m(2) Michigan), temporal trends in abundance differed among lakes. In central Lake Erie where Bythotrephes' prey assemblage was dominated by small individuals (60%), where planktivorous fish densities were high (14,317/ha), and where a shallow water column limited availability of a deepwater refuge, the Bythotrephes population was characterized by a small mean body size, large broods with small neonates, allocation of length increases mainly to the spine rather than to the body, and a late summer population decline. By contrast, in Lake Michigan where Bythotrephes' prey assemblage was dominated by large individuals (72%) and planktivorous fish densities were lower (5052/ha), the Bythotrephes population was characterized by a large mean body size (i.e., 37-55% higher than in Erie), small broods with large neonates, nearly all growth in body length occurring between instars 1 and 2, and population persistence into fall. Life-history characteristics in Lake Huron tended to be intermediate to those found in Lakes Michigan and Erie, reflecting lower overall prey and predator densities (1224/ha) relative to the other lakes. Because plasticity in life history can affect interactions with other species, our findings point to the need to understand life-history variation among Great lakes populations to improve our ability to model the dynamics of these ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Warner, David M.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; dmwarner@usgs.gov; jschaeffer@usgs.gov; ludsin.1@osu.edu; claramuntr@michigan.gov; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Additional ship support was provided by the U.S. EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office as part of the International Field Year for Lake Erie (IFYLE) program and Lake Huron monitoring program. Field support was provided by the RV Laurentian, RV Shenehon, and RV Lake Guardian. Lab support was provided by J. Cavaletto, M. Clouse, A. Flood, and D. Ruberg. D. Bunnell and D. Hondorp provided helpful comments. GLERL contribution #1598. This article is Contribution 1663 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900016 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Chapman, DC McKenna, JE AF Kocovsky, Patrick M. Chapman, Duane C. McKenna, James E. TI Thermal and hydrologic suitability of Lake Erie and its major tributaries for spawning of Asian carps SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Invasion; Invasive species; Hydrologic models; Thermal models ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; GRASS CARP; BIGHEAD CARP; SILVER CARP; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; ARISTICHTHYS-NOBILIS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES; FISH AB Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, silver carp H. molitrix, and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (hereafter Asian carps) have expanded throughout the Mississippi River basin and threaten to invade Lakes Michigan and Erie. Adult bighead carp and grass carp have been captured in Lake Erie, but self-sustaining populations probably do not exist. We examined thermal conditions within Lake Erie to determine if Asian carps would mature, and to estimate time of year when fish would reach spawning condition. We also examined whether thermal and hydrologic conditions in the largest tributaries to western and central Lake Erie were suitable for spawning of Asian carps. We used length of undammed river, predicted summer temperatures, and predicted water velocity during flood events to determine whether sufficient lengths of river are available for spawning of Asian carps. Most rivers we examined have at least 100 km of passable river and summer temperatures suitable (>21 C) for rapid incubation of eggs of Asian carps. Predicted water velocity and temperature were sufficient to ensure that incubating eggs, which drift in the water column, would hatch before reaching Lake Erie for most flood events in most rivers if spawned far enough upstream. The Maumee, Sandusky, and Grand Rivers were predicted to be the most likely to support spawning of Asian carps. The Black, Huron, Portage, and Vermilion Rivers were predicted to be less suitable. The weight of the evidence suggests that the largest western and central Lake Erie tributaries are thermally and hydro-logically suitable to support spawning of Asian carps. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. [Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [McKenna, James E.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov; dchapman@usgs.gov; jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 12 U2 159 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900019 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Trombka, AW Rediske, RR Jude, DJ O'Keefe, JP AF Madenjian, Charles P. Trombka, Autumn W. Rediske, Richard R. Jude, David J. O'Keefe, James P. TI Sex difference in polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations of walleyes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Area of concern; BDE-28; BDE-47; Congener profiles; Hot spot effect; Watershed sources of PBDEs ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; GREAT-LAKES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SAGINAW RIVER; FOOD-WEB; TRENDS; BAY; MICHIGAN AB Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were determined for mature male and mature female walleyes (Sander vitreus) sampled from the Saginaw Bay population during 2007. PBDE concentrations in prey fish caught in the Saginaw River, the primary tributary to Saginaw Bay, and in Saginaw Bay during 2005 and 2007 also were determined. Mature male and mature female walleyes averaged 70.3 ng/g and 24.8 ng/g, respectively, in PBDE, which was equal to the sum of concentrations of six PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154). This sex difference was likely due to males spending more time in the Saginaw River system than females. Prey fish captured in the Saginaw River were roughly ten times higher in Sigma PBDE than those caught in Saginaw Bay. BDE-47 was the predominant congener in both walleyes and prey fish, and this congener contributed about 50%, on average, to Sigma PBDE. Congener profiles differed significantly between the two sexes of walleyes. In contrast, congener profiles of the prey fish did not differ significantly between the river-caught fish and the bay-caught fish. One plausible explanation for these congener profile results was that net trophic transfer efficiencies of PBDEs to walleyes from their prey were similar for all congeners except BDE-28, and that diet composition differed between the two sexes of walleyes. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Trombka, Autumn W.; Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Jude, David J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resource & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov; autumn.trombka@gentex.com; redisker@gvsu.edu; djude@umich.edu; okeefej@gvsu.edu RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 FU School of Natural Resources and Environment of the University of Michigan; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Clean Water [481048-06]; Scientech Foundation FX We thank Linda Begnoche, Doug Bradley, Russell Kreis, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments for improving the manuscript. This work was funded, in part, by the School of Natural Resources and Environment of the University of Michigan, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Clean Water Fund grant 481048-06, and the Scientech Foundation. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1672 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900020 ER PT J AU Burruss, RC Laughrey, CD AF Burruss, Robert C. Laughrey, Christopher D. TI Reply to "Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons by Burruss and Laughrey: Discussion" by Xiao Qilin SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATURAL GASES; METHANE; FRACTIONATION; MIGRATION C1 [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Laughrey, Christopher D.] Weatherford Labs, Golden, CO USA. RP Burruss, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM burruss@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 44 BP 77 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.11.013 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911GU UT WOS:000301706100008 ER PT J AU Kozma, JM Burkett, LM Mathews, NE AF Kozma, Jeffrey M. Burkett, Laura M. Mathews, Nancy E. TI ASSOCIATIONS OF SMALL MIGRATORY AND RESIDENT BIRDS WITH TWO SCRUB HABITATS DURING LATE WINTER AND SPRING IN THE NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT, NEW MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STOPOVER SITES; UNITED-STATES; MIGRANTS; WARBLERS; PATTERNS; DESIGN AB We used mist nets to survey small migrant and resident, birds of scrub habitats in arroyos and adjacent uplands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert during late February early May 1993-1997. We captured 723 individuals of 49 species. Species diversity was greater in arroyos than in adjacent uplands. Black-throated sparrows (Amphispiza bilineata), white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys), and green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) were captured most frequently. Rates of capture for residents, short-distance migrants, and Neotropical migrants were higher in arroyos than in adjacent shrubland and showed an increase after mid-April caused by an influx of Neotropical migrants heading north to their breeding grounds. Our results suggest that arroyos are important as stopover sites during spring for many migrants, especially Neotropical migrants, as they cross the northern Chihuahuan Desert. C1 [Kozma, Jeffrey M.; Burkett, Laura M.; Mathews, Nancy E.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Kozma, JM (reprint author), Yakima Nation, Timber Fish & Wildlife Fisheries Resource Managem, POB 151, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA. EM kozj@yakamafish-nsn.gov FU United States Army Corps of Engineers; Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (Champaign, Illinois); Fort Bliss Military Reservation; National Biological Service; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Texas Tech University (Department of Range and Wildlife Management) FX We thank the many technicians and B. Locke for assistance in collecting data. We also thank C. Sandell for her logistic support with mist netting. The United States Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (Champaign, Illinois), Fort Bliss Military Reservation, National Biological Service, Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Texas Tech University (Department of Range and Wildlife Management) provided financial support for this study. We thank A. Kroll, J. Buchanan, S. Wetzel, G. King, N. Burkepile, B. Whitworth, B. Locke, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on early versions of the manuscript. The Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, supported preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911CJ UT WOS:000301694600005 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Pfeiffer, T AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Pfeiffer, Tim TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture. Part 1: Terminology and reporting SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide stripping; Carbonate chemisty; Standardized reporting ID WATER-QUALITY; REUSE SYSTEMS; PH; SEAWATER; CULTURE; SOLUBILITY; ALKALINITY; PHYSIOLOGY; TITRATION; AERATION AB The removal of carbon dioxide gas in aquacultural systems is much more complex than for oxygen or nitrogen gas because of liquid reactions of carbon dioxide and their kinetics. Almost all published carbon dioxide removal information for aquaculture is based on the apparent removal value after the CO2(aq)+ HOH double left right arrow H2CO3 reaction has reached equilibrium. The true carbon dioxide removal is larger than the apparent value, especially for high alkalinities and seawater. For low alkalinity freshwaters (< 2000 mu eq/kg), the difference between the true and apparent removal is small and can be ignored for many applications. Analytical and reporting standards are recommended to improve our understanding of carbon dioxide removal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant No. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.008 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 910KQ UT WOS:000301636000004 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Pfeiffer, T AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Pfeiffer, Tim TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture - Part II: Development of gas transfer models SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mass transfer; Gas transfer models; Carbon dioxide stripping ID AERATION SYSTEMS; REUSE SYSTEMS; FISH TANKS; ABSORPTION; PH AB The basic mass transfer equation for gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can be derived from integration of the driving force equation. Because of the physical characteristics of the gas transfer processes, slightly different models are used for aerators tested under the non steady-state procedures, than for packed columns, or weirs. It is suggested that the standard condition for carbon dioxide should be 20 degrees C, 1 atm, C-CO2 = 20 mg/kg, and X-CO2 = 0.000285. The selection of the standard condition for carbon dioxide based on a fixed mole fraction ensures that standardized carbon dioxide transfer rates will be comparable even though the value of C*(CO2) in the atmosphere is increasing with time. The computation of mass transfer for carbon dioxide is complicated by the impact of water depth and gas phase enrichment on the saturation concentration within the unit, although the importance of either factor depends strongly on the specific type of aerator. For some types of aerators, the most accurate gas phase model remains to be determined for carbon dioxide. The assumption that carbon dioxide can be treated as a non-reactive gas in packed columns may apply for cold acidic waters but not for warm alkaline waters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.002 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 910KQ UT WOS:000301636000005 ER PT J AU Colt, J Watten, B Pfeiffer, T AF Colt, John Watten, Barnaby Pfeiffer, Tim TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture - Part III: Model verification SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide stripping; Gas transfer models; Carbon dioxide saturation models ID SULFITE OXIDATION; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS; OXYGEN; WATER; ACID AB Based on conventional mass transfer models developed for oxygen, the use of the non-linear ASCE method, 2-point method, and one parameter linear-regression method were evaluated for carbon dioxide stripping data. For values of K(L)a(CO2) < approximately 1.5/h, the 2-point or ASCE method are a good fit to experimental data, but the fit breaks down at higher values of K(L)a(CO2). How to correct K(L)a(CO2) for gas phase enrichment remains to be determined. The one-parameter linear regression model was used to vary the C*(CO2) over the test, but it did not result in a better fit to the experimental data when compared to the ASCE or fixed C*(CO2) assumptions. For the packed column, the conventional mass transfer equation assumes that C*(CO2) is a constant within the column while the variable model assumes that C*(CO2) changes. When the column is divided into a large number of segments (300-500), the two models give comparable results because the change in mole fraction across an individual segment is small. For a smaller number of segments, the variable model is more accurate than the conventional model. K-20(CO2) values need to be computed from the variable mass transfer model because of the large change in mole fraction across the entire column. The variability of K-20(CO2) is reduced when the kinetics are slow (low pH and temperature). Future experimental work should start in this region and move toward faster kinetics (higher pH and temperature). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 47 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.007 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 910KQ UT WOS:000301636000006 ER PT J AU Kraus, F Medeiros, A Preston, D Jarnevich, CS Rodda, GH AF Kraus, Fred Medeiros, Arthur Preston, David Jarnevich, Catherine S. Rodda, Gordon H. TI Diet and conservation implications of an invasive chameleon, Chamaeleo jacksonii (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) in Hawaii SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Dry forest; Homoptera; Iguanans; Insect conservation; Invasive reptiles ID COMMON CHAMELEON; ECOLOGY; HISTORY AB We summarize information on current distribution of the invasive lizard Chamaeleo jacksonii and predict its potential distribution in the Hawaiian Islands. Potential distribution maps are based on climate models developed from known localities in its native range and its Hawaiian range. We also present results of analysis of stomach contents of a sample of 34 chameleons collected from native, predominantly dryland, forest on Maui. These data are the first summarizing prey range of this non-native species in an invaded native-forest setting. Potential distribution models predict that the species can occur throughout most of Hawaii from sea level to > 2,100 m elevation. Important features of this data set are that approximately one-third of the diet of these lizards is native insects, and the lizards are consuming large numbers of arthropods each day. Prey sizes span virtually the entire gamut of native Hawaiian arthropod diversity, thereby placing a large number of native species at risk of predation. Our dietary results contrast with expectations for most iguanian lizards and support suggestions that chameleons comprise a third distinct foraging-mode category among saurians. The combination of expanding distribution, large potential range size, broad diet, high predation rates, and high densities of these chameleons imply that they may well become a serious threat to some of the Hawaiian fauna. C1 [Medeiros, Arthur] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. [Kraus, Fred; Preston, David] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Hawaii Biol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Medeiros, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, POB 369, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. EM acm@aloha.net FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems and Invasive Species Program FX We thank M. Ade, S. Akoi, K. Bustamente, F. Duvall, R. Suzuki, and the Maui Invasive Species Committee for assistance in collecting chameleons, F. Howarth and A. Samuelson for identification of some dietary items; S. Hashimoto and T. Lopez for specimen preparation; P. Imada and C. Kishinami for curatorial services; F. Duvall for sharing his chameleon census data, crucial assistance with curation and transport of specimens, and for sharing his extensive field expertise; P. Necas for confirming elevational range data; N. Camacho, T. Hibbitts, K. Krysko, S. Rogers, G. Watkins-Colwell, and K. Zyskowski for museum specimen data; C. Atkinson, C. Brosius, K. Bustamente, A. Kitajima, K. Minami, J. Parish, L. Pratt, M. Smith, and M. Waite for additional records of unvouchered animals; P. Banko and E. Campbell for manuscript review; and G. Tribble and the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey and S. Ziegler-Chong and the Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit of the University of Hawaii at Hilo for logistical support. This contribution was made possible in part thanks to support from the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems and Invasive Species Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 579 EP 593 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0099-3 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907UT UT WOS:000301445100009 ER PT J AU Deguchi, T Jacobs, J Harada, T Perriman, L Watanabe, Y Sato, F Nakamura, N Ozaki, K Balogh, G AF Deguchi, Tomohiro Jacobs, Judy Harada, Tomoko Perriman, Lyndon Watanabe, Yuki Sato, Fumio Nakamura, Noboru Ozaki, Kiyoaki Balogh, Greg TI Translocation and hand-rearing techniques for establishing a colony of threatened albatross SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMS; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; DIOMEDEA-IMMUTABILIS; LAYSAN ALBATROSSES; GROWTH; CHICKS; STRESS; BLOOD; BIRDS; PTERODROMA AB Many breeding colonies of Procellariiformes have been threatened with extinction. Chick translocation has been shown to be an effective method for establishing new "safer" colonies of burrow-nesting species, but techniques for surface-nesting species have not been fully developed. The entire breeding population of the threatened Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastoria albatrus is restricted to two sites, Torishima Island and the Senkaku Islands, and neither site is secure due to volcanic activity or political instability. The Short-tailed Albatross Recovery Team has recommended facilitating the recovery of this species by establishing at least one additional colony through the translocation and hand-rearing of chicks at a safe historical breeding site. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we hand-reared 10 post-guard phase chicks of two related species in 2006-2007: Laysan Albatross P. immutabilis translocated from Midway Atoll to Kaua'i Island, Hawai'i and Black-footed Albatross P. nigripes translocated from a nearby islet in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands to Mukojima Island, Japan. In these pilot studies, 40% of Laysan Albatross chicks and 90% of Black-footed Albatross chicks fledged successfully. Following this groundwork, 40 post-guard phase Short-tailed Albatross chicks were translocated from Torishima Island to Mukojima Island in February 2008-2010 and hand-reared to fledging. Their fledging success has been 100% in all three years. Fledging body sizes were similar or greater in hand-reared chicks at the release site than parent-reared chicks on Torishima Island. There were significant differences in levels of some blood chemistry parameters between pre-fledging hand-reared and parent-reared chicks. The techniques developed in our studies have broad-reaching implications for the future conservation of threatened populations of other surface-nesting seabirds. C1 [Deguchi, Tomohiro; Sato, Fumio; Nakamura, Noboru; Ozaki, Kiyoaki] Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Div Avian Conservat, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan. [Jacobs, Judy; Balogh, Greg] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Field Off Endangered Species Program, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Harada, Tomoko] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Lab Marine Ecol, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Perriman, Lyndon] Dept Conservat, Coastal Otago Area Off, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Watanabe, Yuki] Akan Int Crane Ctr, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850245, Japan. RP Deguchi, T (reprint author), Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Div Avian Conservat, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan. EM deguchi@yamashina.or.jp OI Deguchi, Tomohiro/0000-0001-8005-9114 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Japan Ministry of Environment; Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Suntory Fund for Birds Conservation; Asahi Newspaper Company; Mitsui Co., Ltd.; North Pacific Research Board [309]; Yamashina Special Support Group FX We thank H. Hasegawa, T. Smith, S. Yamagishi, Y. Hayashi, H. Shimazu, F. Akishinonomiya for their invaluable support, without which this study would not have been possible. We also thank T. Arai, T. Baba, B. Call, N. Chikira, N. Emura, Y. Harada, T. Hiraoka, T. Kaneko, M. Konno, S. Konno, S, Kudo, Y. Kunita, R. Nakayama, Y. Niizuma, S. Numata, J. Obata, K. Saitoh, K. Shimada, Y, Shitara, P. Sievert, S. Sims, C. Sterne, Y. Suda, R. Suryan, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, I. Takahashi, M. Takenaga, M. Watanabe, T. Work, T. Yanagawa, K. Yoshida, L. Young, T. Yuta, B. Zaun for their assistance in conducting field and laboratory work, and in providing logistical support on the islands. We also thank R. Suryan for valuable comments on the manuscript. This project was supported by grants-in-aid and donations from US Fish and Wildlife Service, US National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Japan Ministry of Environment, Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Suntory Fund for Birds Conservation, Asahi Newspaper Company, Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Environmental Fund, North Pacific Research Board (#309) and the Yamashina Special Support Group. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 66 EP 81 DI 10.1017/S0959270911000438 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 905TW UT WOS:000301298900005 ER PT J AU Javed, S Douglas, DC Khan, S Shah, JN Al Hammadi, AA AF Javed, Salim Douglas, David C. Khan, Shahid Shah, Junid Nazeer Al Hammadi, Abdullah Ali TI First description of autumn migration of Sooty Falcon Falco concolor from the United Arab Emirates to Madagascar using satellite telemetry SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ELEONORAS FALCON; CONSERVATION AB The movement and migration pattern of the 'Near Threatened' Sooty Falcon Falco concolor is poorly known. Sooty Falcons breed on the islands of the Arabian Gulf after arriving from their non-breeding areas that are mainly in Madagascar. In the first satellite tracking of the species we fitted a 9.5 g Argos solar powered transmitter on an adult breeding Sooty Falcon off the western coast of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The bird successfully undertook autumn migration to Madagascar, a known wintering area for the species. We document the Sooty Falcon's autumn migration route and stop-over sites. The adult Sooty Falcon initiated its migration at night and with tailwinds, and travelled mainly during daytime hours for 13 days over an inland route of more than 5,656 km. The three stop-over sites in East Africa were characterised by moderate to sparse shrub cover associated with potential sources of water. We discuss the migration pattern of the tracked bird in relation to importance of non-breeding areas for Sooty Falcons and recent declines in numbers in their breeding range. C1 [Javed, Salim; Khan, Shahid; Shah, Junid Nazeer; Al Hammadi, Abdullah Ali] Environm Agcy Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Javed, S (reprint author), Environm Agcy Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM sjaved@ead.ae FU Government of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates through the Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi FX This study was funded by the Government of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates through the Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi. We thank the management of the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi for their support. The study is one of the components of the Bird Assessment and Monitoring Project (Project # 03-31-0023-10). We also acknowledge the support of naval staff at Ras Ghumais for their support and permission to capture the bird. We thank Marion Gschweng and Mark Fuller for their useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The manuscript greatly benefitted from the comments made by Pascual Lopez-Lopez and an anonymous reviewer. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1017/S0959270911000189 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 905TW UT WOS:000301298900008 ER PT J AU Stovall, WK Houghton, BF Hammer, JE Fagents, SA Swanson, DA AF Stovall, Wendy K. Houghton, Bruce F. Hammer, Julia E. Fagents, Sarah A. Swanson, Don A. TI Vesiculation of high fountaining Hawaiian eruptions: episodes 15 and 16 of 1959 KA << lauea Iki SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vesiculation; Hawaiian eruptions; Kilauea Iki; Fasciculate crystal texture; Lava lake ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; BASALTIC SCORIA; LAVA FOUNTAINS; MOUNT-ETNA; MAGMA; FRAGMENTATION; STYLE; TRANSITION; CRATER; CO2 AB The 1959 summit eruption of KA << lauea volcano produced the highest recorded Hawaiian fountain in Hawai'i. Quantitative analysis of closely spaced samples from the final two high-fountaining episodes of the eruption result in a fine-scale textural study of pyroclasts and provide a record of postfragmentation processes. As clast vesicularity increases, the vesicle number density decreases and vesicle morphology shifts from small and round to larger and more irregular. The shift in microtexture corresponds to greater degrees of postfragmentation expansion of clasts with higher vesicularity. We suggest the range of clast morphologies in the deposit is related to thermal zonation within a Hawaiian fountain where the highest vesicularity clasts traveled in the center and lowest traveled along the margins. Vesicle number densities are greatest in the highest fountaining episode and therefore scale with intensity of activity. Major element chemical analyses and fasciculate crystal textures indicate microlite-rich zones within individual clasts are portions of recycled lava lake material that were incorporated into newly vesiculating primary melt. C1 [Stovall, Wendy K.; Houghton, Bruce F.; Hammer, Julia E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fagents, Sarah A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, Don A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. RP Stovall, WK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wstovall@usgs.gov RI Fagents, Sarah/B-3983-2014 FU NSF [EAR-0709303] FX Special thanks to Carolyn Parcheta and Eric Hellebrand for help with microprobe operation; Maria Janebo for rock-wrapping assistance; Thomas Shea for creating FOAMS; and Gary Barnes, Ulrich Kuppers, and Laura Pioli for reviewing this work. This research was funded by NSF grant EAR-0709303. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 441 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s00445-011-0531-7 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 896OH UT WOS:000300577200009 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, AK Crider, JG Schilling, SP Dzurisin, D AF Diefenbach, Angela K. Crider, Juliet G. Schilling, Steve P. Dzurisin, Daniel TI Rapid, low-cost photogrammetry to monitor volcanic eruptions: an example from Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oblique photogrammetry; Dome growth; Eruption monitoring; Volume calculations; Mount St. Helens ID LAVA; EXTRUSION; TRENDS; GROWTH; CRATER AB We describe a low-cost application of digital photogrammetry using commercially available photogrammetric software and oblique photographs taken with an off-the-shelf digital camera to create sequential digital elevation models (DEMs) of a lava dome that grew during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano. Renewed activity at MSH provided an opportunity to devise and test this method, because it could be validated against other observations of this well-monitored volcano. The datasets consist of oblique aerial photographs (snapshots) taken from a helicopter using a digital single-lens reflex camera. Twelve sets of overlapping digital images of the dome taken during 2004-2007 were used to produce DEMs and to calculate lava dome volumes and extrusion rates. Analyses of the digital images were carried out using photogrammetric software to produce three-dimensional coordinates of points identified in multiple photos. The evolving morphology of the dome was modeled by comparing successive DEMs. Results were validated by comparison to volume measurements derived from traditional vertical photogrammetric surveys by the US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. Our technique was significantly less expensive and required less time than traditional vertical photogrammetric techniques; yet, it consistently yielded volume estimates within 5% of the traditional method. This technique provides an inexpensive, rapid assessment tool for tracking lava dome growth or other topographic changes at restless volcanoes. C1 [Diefenbach, Angela K.; Schilling, Steve P.; Dzurisin, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Diefenbach, Angela K.; Crider, Juliet G.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Crider, Juliet G.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Diefenbach, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM adiefenbach@usgs.gov FU Western Washington University; USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory; National Science Foundation through WWU [K-12]; Mazamas Graduate Student Research Grant; WWU Geology Department; USGS FX The authors wish to thank the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, the Cascades Volcano Observatory and Western Washington University for jointly supporting this study. We thank S. Linneman and J. Caplan-Auerbach for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and R. Herd for insightful discussions. The manuscript was improved by reviews from P. Baldi, A. Stinton, J. Pallister, and J. Major. Diefenbach was supported in this work by a Jack Kleinman Grant from the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory, a National Science Foundation Graduate K-12 Fellowship through WWU, a Mazamas Graduate Student Research Grant, and WWU Geology Department and Graduate Studies grants. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s00445-011-0548-y PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 896OH UT WOS:000300577200017 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Alvarez, DA Zaugg, SD AF Mast, M. Alisa Alvarez, David A. Zaugg, Steven D. TI Deposition and accumulation of airborne organic contaminants in Yosemite National Park, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; Organochlorines; Atmospheric deposition; Lichen; Sierra Nevada ID SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; WESTERN CANADA; CENTRAL VALLEY; HIGH-ELEVATION AB Deposition and accumulation of airborne organic contaminants in Yosemite National Park were examined by sampling atmospheric deposition, lichen, zooplankton, and lake sediment at different elevations. Passive samplers were deployed in high-elevation lakes to estimate surface-water concentrations. Detected compounds included current-use pesticides chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and endosulfans and legacy compounds chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-related compounds, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Concentrations in snow were similar among sites and showed little variation with elevation. Endosulfan concentrations in summer rain appeared to coincide with application rates in the San Joaquin Valley. More than 70% of annual pesticide inputs from atmospheric deposition occurred during the winter, largely because most precipitation falls as snow. Endosulfan and chlordane concentrations in lichen increased with elevation, indicating that mountain cold-trapping might be an important control on accumulation of these compounds. By contrast, chlorpyrifos concentrations were inversely correlated with elevation, indicating that distance from source areas was the dominant control. Sediment concentrations were inversely correlated with elevation, possibly because of the organic carbon content of sediments but also perhaps the greater mobility of organic contaminants at lower elevations. Surface-water concentrations inferred from passive samplers were at subparts-per-trillion concentrations, indicating minimal exposure to aquatic organisms from the water column. Concentrations in sediment generally were low, except for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane in Tenaya Lake, which exceeded sediment guidelines for protection of benthic organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:524533. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey/National Park Service FX Field and logistical assistance for the project was provided by J. Roche, H. Forrester, and J. Baccei (National Park Service) and by H. Roop, K. Hill, D. Smits, and C. Connett (U. S. Geological Survey). Analytical assistance was provided by M. Burkhardt and J. E. Madsen (U. S. Geological Survey). Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey/National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the present study is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 524 EP 533 DI 10.1002/etc.1727 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 898ED UT WOS:000300717800013 PM 22189687 ER PT J AU Klimstra, JD Yee, JL Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Stebbins, KR AF Klimstra, Jon D. Yee, Julie L. Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Stebbins, Katherine R. TI Interactions between methylmercury and selenomethionine injected into mallard eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Selenomethionine; Egg injections; Embryo mortality; Teratogenic effects; Interactions ID SELENO-DL-METHIONINE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; JAPANESE-QUAIL; METHYL MERCURY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; AQUATIC BIRDS; HEAVY-METALS; TOXICITY; DUCKS AB Methylmercury chloride and seleno-L-methionine were injected separately or in combinations into mallard eggs (Anas platyrhynchos), and embryo mortality and teratogenic effects (deformities) were modeled using a logistic regression model. Methylmercury was injected at doses that resulted in concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mu g/g Hg in the egg on a wet weight basis and selenomethionine at doses that resulted in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mu g/g Se in the egg, also on a wet weight basis. When selenomethionine and methylmercury were injected separately, hatching probability decreased in both cases. However, when methylmercury was injected at 1.6 mu g/g in combination with selenomethionine at 0.2 mu g/g, the presence of the methylmercury resulted in less embryo mortality than had been seen with 0.2 mu g/g Se by itself, but it increased the number of deformed embryos and hatchlings. Selenomethionine appeared to be more embryotoxic than equivalent doses of methylmercury when injected into eggs, and both injected methylmercury and selenomethionine were more toxic to mallard embryos than when deposited naturally in the egg by the mother. The underlying mechanisms behind the interactions between methylmercury and selenomethionine and why methylmercury appeared to improve hatching probability of Se-dosed eggs yet increased deformities when the two compounds were combined are unclear. These findings warrant further studies to understand these mechanisms in both laboratory and field settings. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:579584. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Klimstra, Jon D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Klimstra, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD USA. EM jon_klimstra@fws.gov FU CALFED [ERP-02D-C12]; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank K. Kenow and J. Ackerman for early reviews of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1002/etc.1708 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 898ED UT WOS:000300717800020 PM 22139676 ER PT J AU Arab, A Holan, SH Wikle, CK Wildhaber, ML AF Arab, Ali Holan, Scott H. Wikle, Christopher K. Wildhaber, Mark L. TI Semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models with application to studies of abundance for multiple species SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE benthic fish; bivariate Poisson; hierarchical Bayes; Missouri River; P-spline; zero-inflated Poisson ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; BINOMIAL REGRESSION; COUNT DATA; INFERENCE; DESIGN AB Ecological studies involving counts of abundance, presenceabsence or occupancy rates often produce data having a substantial proportion of zeros. Furthermore, these types of processes are typically multivariate and only adequately described by complex nonlinear relationships involving externally measured covariates. Ignoring these aspects of the data and implementing standard approaches can lead to models that fail to provide adequate scientific understanding of the underlying ecological processes, possibly resulting in a loss of inferential power. One method of dealing with data having excess zeros is to consider the class of univariate zero-inflated generalized linear models. However, this class of models fails to address the multivariate and nonlinear aspects associated with the data usually encountered in practice. Therefore, we propose a semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson model that takes into account both of these data attributes. The general modeling framework is hierarchical Bayes and is suitable for a broad range of applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model through a motivating example on modeling catch per unit area for multiple species using data from the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Study, implemented by the United States Geological Survey. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Arab, Ali] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Holan, Scott H.; Wikle, Christopher K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Arab, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM aa577@georgetown.edu FU NSF [OCE-0814934, CMG-0222057]; Georgetown University FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees for comments that helped improve this article. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Aaron DeLonay and Athanasios Micheas for their reading and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. Wikle's research was supported by grants NSF OCE-0814934 and NSF CMG-0222057. Arab's research was partially supported by a Georgetown University Junior Faculty Research Fellowship. The data presented here were collected as part of the MRBFS by the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Consortium (MRBFC). The MRBFC included L. C. Bergstedt, C. R. Berry, P. J. Braaten, D. J. Dieterman, D. L. Galat, C. S. Guy, C. L. Pierce, M. A. Pegg, M. P. Ruggles, L. C. Sappington, D. L. Scarnecchia, T. L. Welker, R. G. White, M. L. Wildhaber and B. A. Young. Funding for this research was provided primarily by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE), Missouri River Division, Omaha and Kansas City Districts with financial support also from the Environmental Protection Agency Regions 7 and 8, National Park Service, US Bureau of Reclamation, USGS, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Missouri Department of Conservation and the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1002/env.1142 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 901PS UT WOS:000300979900006 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Fraver, S Milo, AM D'Amato, AW Palik, B Shinneman, DJ AF Bradford, John B. Fraver, Shawn Milo, Amy M. D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian Shinneman, Douglas J. TI Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Blowdown; Windthrow; Jack pine; Forest management ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; STORAGE; DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; MINNESOTA; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE AB Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency of disturbances, potentially impacting carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the implications of either multiple disturbances or post-disturbance forest management activities on ecosystem carbon stocks. This study quantified how forest carbon stocks responded to stand-replacing blowdown and wildfire, both individually and in combination with and without post-disturbance salvage operations, in a sub-boreal jack pine ecosystem. Individually, blowdown or fire caused similar decreases in live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. However, whereas blowdown increased carbon in down woody material and forest floor, fire increased carbon in standing snags, a difference that may have consequences for long-term carbon cycling patterns. Fire after the blowdown caused substantial additional reduction in ecosystem carbon stocks, suggesting that potential increases in multiple disturbance events may represent a challenge for sustaining ecosystem carbon stocks. Salvage logging, as examined here, decreased carbon stored in snags and down woody material but had no significant effect on total ecosystem carbon stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Milo, Amy M.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-5-04]; Northern Research Station, US Forest Service FX We thank N. Aspelin, S. Erlandson, S. Jones, D. Kastendick, J. Kragthorpe, L Patty, Z. Patty, and J. Smith for assistance in the field and/or laboratory, and we thank B. Anderson, M. Beckwith, K. McTighe, T. Norman, and B. Schueller for providing information regarding harvesting and fire-related activities. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 08-1-5-04) and the Northern Research Station, US Forest Service. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.010 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000021 ER PT J AU Dodd, LE Lacki, MJ Britzke, ER Buehler, DA Keyser, PD Larkin, JL Rodewald, AD Wigley, TB Wood, PB Rieske, LK AF Dodd, Luke E. Lacki, Michael J. Britzke, Eric R. Buehler, David A. Keyser, Patrick D. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Rodewald, Amanda D. Wigley, T. Bently Wood, Petra B. Rieske, Lynne K. TI Forest structure affects trophic linkages: How silvicultural disturbance impacts bats and their insect prey SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arthropod diversity; Foraging ecology; Logging; Predator-prey interactions; Trophic interactions ID EASTERN DECIDUOUS FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FORAGING HABITAT; NORTH-AMERICA; EARED BAT; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; BIODIVERSITY AB Vertebrate insectivores such as bats are a pervasive top-down force on prey populations in forest ecosystems. Conservation focusing on forest-dwelling bats requires understanding of community-level interactions between these predators and their insect prey. Our study assessed bat activity and insect occurrence (abundance and diversity) across a gradient of forest disturbance and structure (silvicultural treatments) in the Central Appalachian region of North America. We conducted acoustic surveys of bat echolocation concurrent with insect surveys using blacklight and malaise traps over 2 years. Predator activity, prey occurrence and prey biomass varied seasonally and across the region. The number of bat echolocation pulses was positively related with forest disturbance, whereas prey demonstrated varied trends. Lepidopteran abundance was negatively related with disturbance, while dipteran abundance and diversity was positively related with disturbance. Coleoptera were unaffected. Neither bat nor insect response variables differed between plot interiors and edges. Correlations between bat activity and vegetative structure reflected differences in foraging behavior among ensembles. Activity of myotine bats was correlated with variables describing sub-canopy vegetation, whereas activity of lasiurine bats was more closely correlated with canopy-level vegetation. Lepidopteran abundance was correlated with variables describing canopy and sub-canopy vegetation, whereas coleopteran and dipteran occurrence were more closely correlated with canopy-level vegetative structure. Our study demonstrates regional variation in bat activity and prey occurrence across a forested disturbance gradient. Land management and conservation efforts should consider the importance of vegetation structure and plant species richness to sustain forest-dwelling bats and their insect prey. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodd, Luke E.; Rieske, Lynne K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Lacki, Michael J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] Clemson Univ, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC USA. [Wood, Petra B.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Dodd, LE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM luke.dodd@uky.edu RI Rodewald, Amanda/D-2038-2012; Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 FU McIntire-Stennis; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; Plum Creek Timber Company; Mead Westvaco Corporation; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors would like to thank J. Adams, M. Antonik, A. Barlows, T. Beachy, T. Boves, E. Carlisle, D. Cox, T. Culbertson, D. Chalkley, A. Evans, G. George, S. Gravitt, P. Hartman, J. Mizel, F. Newell, J. Rasmussen, J. Sheehan, R. Smith, M. Ware, and J. Wong for technical assistance. This research was made possible through McIntire-Stennis funding and Grant monies from the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Plum Creek Timber Company, Mead Westvaco Corporation, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional graduate monies were awarded to L.E.D. by Bat Conservation International, the University of Kentucky, and Sigma Xi. The authors declare they have no conflict of interest. We thank the USDA Forest Service, Mead-westvaco Corporation, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Forest Land Group, and Wagner Forest Management for providing study areas and implementing treatments. We thank Keith Summerville and an anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This study was conducted in accordance with the laws of the United States of America. This is paper 11-08-017 of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the director. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 267 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.016 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 904SU UT WOS:000301219000026 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Werle, D Suzuoki, Y Rangoonwala, A Lu, Z AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Werle, Dirk Suzuoki, Yukihiro Rangoonwala, Amina Lu, Zhong TI Limitations and Potential of Satellite Imagery to Monitor Environmental Response to Coastal Flooding SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Environmental Satellite (Envisat) advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR); Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR); Land Satellite (Landsat) Thematic Mapper (TM); inundation mapping; coastal marsh dieback ID HURRICANE KATRINA; RADAR IMAGERY; LOUISIANA; MARSHES; RECOVERY AB RAMSEY, E. III; WERLE, D.; SUZUOKI, Y.; RANGOONWALA, A., and LU, Z., 2012. Limitations and potential of satellite imagery to monitor environmental response to coastal flooding. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(2), 457-476. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Storm-surge flooding and marsh response throughout the coastal wetlands of Louisiana were mapped using several types of remote sensing data collected before and after Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008. These included synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data obtained from the (1) C-band advance SAR (ASAR) aboard the Environmental Satellite, (2) phased-array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) aboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite, and (3) optical data obtained from Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor aboard the Land Satellite (Landsat). In estuarine marshes, L-band SAR and C-band ASAR provided accurate flood extent information when depths averaged at least 80 cm, but only L-band SAR provided consistent subcanopy detection when depths averaged 50 cm or less. Low performance of inundation mapping based on C-band ASAR was attributed to an apparent inundation detection limit (>30 cm deep) in tall Spartina alterniflora marshes, a possible canopy collapse of shoreline fresh marsh exposed to repeated storm-surge inundations, wind-roughened water surfaces where water levels reached marsh canopy heights, and relatively high backscatter in the nearrange portion of the SAR imagery. A TM-based vegetation index of live biomass indicated that the severity of marsh dieback was linked to differences in dominant species. The severest impacts were not necessarily caused by longer inundation but rather could be caused by repeated exposure of the palustrine marsh to elevated salinity floodwaters. Differential impacts occurred in estuarine marshes. The more brackish marshes on average suffered higher impacts than the more saline marshes, particularly the nearshore coastal marshes occupied by S. alterniflora. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Werle, Dirk] AERDE Environm Res, Halifax, NS B3J 2X1, Canada. [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 40 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 457 EP 476 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00052.1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 906EW UT WOS:000301328700015 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Maron, JL AF Martin, Thomas E. Maron, John L. TI Climate impacts on bird and plant communities from altered animal-plant interactions SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY BIRD; POPULATION; SNOWPACK; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; HERBIVORES; DIVERSITY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS AB The contribution of climate change to declining populations of organisms remains a question of outstanding concern(1-3). Much attention to declining populations has focused on how changing climate drives phenological mismatches between animals and their food(4-6). Effects of climate on plant communities may provide an alternative, but particularly powerful, influence on animal populations because plants provide their habitats. Here, we show that abundances of deciduous trees and associated songbirds have declined with decreasing snowfall over 22 years of study in montane Arizona, USA. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that declining snowfall indirectly influences plants and associated birds by allowing greater over-winter herbivory by elk (Cervus canadensis). We excluded elk from one of two paired snowmelt drainages (10 ha per drainage), and replicated this paired experiment across three distant canyons. Over six years, we reversed multi-decade declines in plant and bird populations by experimentally inhibiting heavy winter herbivory associated with declining snowfall. Moreover, predation rates on songbird nests decreased in exclosures, despite higher abundances of nest predators, demonstrating the over-riding importance of habitat quality to avian recruitment. Thus, our results suggest that climate impacts on plant-animal interactions can have forceful ramifying effects on plants, birds, and ecological interactions. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Maron, John L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU US Geological Survey; National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES [2005-02817, 2005-35101-16040]; US National Science Foundation [DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764] FX We are grateful to S. Auer, D. Barton, J. Brodie and M. Hebblewhite for many helpful comments on the manuscript and to the many research assistants that helped in collecting the data reported here. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES (2005-02817 to T.E.M., 2005-35101-16040 to J.L.M.) and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178 and DEB-0841764 to T.E.M.). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 2 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1348 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910JE UT WOS:000301632200022 ER PT J AU Thomas, OH Oshel, ER AF Thomas, Orrin H. Oshel, Edward R. TI Geometric Derivations Of Minimal Sets Of Sufficient Multiview Constraints SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORD LA English DT Article DE bundle adjustment; constraints; multilinear; multiview; photogrammetry and computer vision; quadlinear; trilinear AB Geometric interpretations of four of the most common determinant formulations of multiview constraints are given, showing that they all enforce the same geometry and that all of the forms commonly in use in the machine vision community are a subset of a more general form. Generalising the work of Yi Ma yields a new general 2 x 2 determinant trilinear and 3 x 3 determinant quadlinear. Geometric descriptions of degenerate multiview constraints are given, showing that it is necessary, but insufficient, that the determinant equals zero. Understanding the degeneracies leads naturally into proofs for minimum sufficient sets of bilinear, trilinear and quadlinear constraints for arbitrary numbers of conjugate observations. C1 [Thomas, Orrin H.; Oshel, Edward R.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Thomas, OH (reprint author), USGS Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM othomas@usgs.gov; edward.r.oshel@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-868X EI 1477-9730 J9 PHOTOGRAMM REC JI Photogramm. Rec. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 137 SI SI BP 74 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00653.x PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 908IP UT WOS:000301484400008 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Bailey, RM Hampton, BA Kraemer, TF Lu, Z Clark, DW James, RHR Al Ramadan, K AF Wood, Warren W. Bailey, Richard M. Hampton, Brian A. Kraemer, Thomas F. Lu, Zhong Clark, David W. James, Rhodri H. R. Al Ramadan, Khalid TI Rapid late Pleistocene/Holocene uplift and coastal evolution of the southern Arabian (Persian) Gulf SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Landscape evolution; Arabian Gulf, Persian Gulf, UAE; Saudi Arabia; Tectonics, salt tectonics ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ABU-DHABI; FORELAND BASIN; SAUDI-ARABIA; HISTORY; SEQUENCES; SYSTEMS; SABKHA; RATES; IRAN AB The coastline along the southern Arabian Gulf between Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Dubai, UAE, appears to have risen at least 125 m in the last 18,000 years. Dating and topographic surveying of paleodunes (43-53 ka), paleo-marine terraces (17-30 ka), and paleo-marine shorelines (3.3-5.5 ka) document a rapid, > 1 mm/a subsidence, followed by a 6 mm/a uplift that is decreasing with time. The mechanism causing this movement remains elusive but may be related to the translation of the coastal area through the back-basin to forebulge hinge line movement of the Arabian plate or, alternatively, by movement of the underlying Infracambrian-age Hormuz salt in response to sea-level changes associated with continental glaciation. Independent of the mechanism, rapid and episodic uplift may impact the design of engineering projects such as nuclear power plants, airports, and artificial islands as well as the interpretation of sedimentation and archeology of the area. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, Warren W.; Hampton, Brian A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wood, Warren W.; Bailey, Richard M.; James, Rhodri H. R.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Wood, Warren W.; Kraemer, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Clark, David W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Drilling Co, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. [Wood, Warren W.; Al Ramadan, Khalid] King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu RI Al-Ramadan, Khalid /F-3318-2015 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 77 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.10.008 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 911BY UT WOS:000301693500001 ER PT J AU Rech, JA Nekola, JC Pigati, JS AF Rech, Jason A. Nekola, Jeffrey C. Pigati, Jeffrey S. TI Radiocarbon ages of terrestrial gastropods extend duration of ice-free conditions at the Two Creeks forest bed, Wisconsin, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Two Creeks; Bolling-Allerod; Gastropods; Radiocarbon; Laurentide Ice Sheet ID INTERSTADE; C-14; BP AB Analysis of terrestrial gastropods that underlie the late Pleistocene Two Creeks forest bed (similar to 13,800-13,500 cal yr BP) in eastern Wisconsin, USA provides evidence for a mixed tundra-taiga environment prior to formation of the taiga forest bed. Ten new AMS C-14 analyses on terrestrial gastropod shells indicate the mixed tundra-taiga environment persisted from similar to 14,500 to 13,900 cal yr BP. The Twocreekan climatic substage, representing ice-free conditions on the shore of Lake Michigan, therefore began near the onset of peak warming conditions during the Bolling-Allerod interstadial and lasted similar to 1000 yr, nearly 600 yr longer than previously thought. These results provide important data for understanding the response of continental ice sheets to global climate forcing and demonstrate the potential of using terrestrial gastropod fossils for both environmental reconstruction and age control in late Quaternary sediments. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Nekola, Jeffrey C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rech, JA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM rechja@muohio.edu FU NSF [EAR-0614647] FX This research was funded by NSF grant EAR-0614647. Dave Mickelson assisted with the location of gastropods below the Two Creeks forest bed and helped with regional stratigraphy. Dan Muhs, Paul Carrara, Gene Ellis, Thomas Lowell, and B. Brandon Curry provided thoughtful reviews of the manuscript Craig Tully, Eva Fischer-Rech, and Maddy Abowitz assisted with field work. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 77 IS 2 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.11.007 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 911BY UT WOS:000301693500010 ER PT J AU Hill, NJ Takekawa, JY Cardona, CJ Meixell, BW Ackerman, JT Runstadler, JA Boyce, WM AF Hill, Nichola J. Takekawa, John Y. Cardona, Carol J. Meixell, Brandt W. Ackerman, Joshua T. Runstadler, Jonathan A. Boyce, Walter M. TI Cross-Seasonal Patterns of Avian Influenza Virus in Breeding and Wintering Migratory Birds: A Flyway Perspective SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; California; Northern shoveler; Surveillance; Waterfowl ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL-VALLEY; A VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; RT-PCR; DABBLING DUCKS; RESIDENT DUCKS; WATERFOWL; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; PREVALENCE AB The spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in nature is intrinsically linked with the movements of wild birds. Wild birds are the reservoirs for the virus and their migration may facilitate the circulation of AIV between breeding and wintering areas. This cycle of dispersal has become widely accepted; however, there are few AIV studies that present cross-seasonal information. A flyway perspective is critical for understanding how wild birds contribute to the persistence of AIV over large spatial and temporal scales, with implications for how to focus surveillance efforts and identify risks to public health. This study characterized spatio-temporal infection patterns in 10,389 waterfowl at two important locations within the Pacific Flyway-breeding sites in Interior Alaska and wintering sites in California's Central Valley during 2007-2009. Among the dabbling ducks sampled, the northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) had the highest prevalence of AIV at both breeding (32.2%) and wintering (5.2%) locations. This is in contrast to surveillance studies conducted in other flyways that have identified the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintail (Anas acuta) as hosts with the highest prevalence. A higher diversity of AIV subtypes was apparent at wintering (n=42) compared with breeding sites (n=17), with evidence of mixed infections at both locations. Our study suggests that wintering sites may act as an important mixing bowl for transmission among waterfowl in a flyway, creating opportunities for the reassortment of the virus. Our findings shed light on how the dynamics of AIV infection of wild bird populations can vary between the two ends of a migratory flyway. C1 [Hill, Nichola J.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Hill, Nichola J.; Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meixell, Brandt W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Runstadler, Jonathan A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov; wmboyce@ucdavis.edu RI Hill, Nichola/G-4003-2011; OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN266200700009C]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Region FX We wish to thank staff at UC Davis, including Julie Nelson for assistance with waterfowl sampling and Nichole Anchell, Nguyet Dao, Tracey Goldstein, Leann Lindsay, and Magdalena Plancarte for virological analysis of Californian samples. At UAF, we thank Florian Aldehoff, Danielle Dillon, Paige Gingrich, Lori Gildehaus, Nancy Gundlach, and Jynene Black for conducting analyses of Alaskan samples. At the USGS, we thank Annie Shultz, Kyle Spragens, Brittany Wensky, and Garth Herring for help with sampling waterfowl and Lacy Smith for assistance with GIS mapping. Sampling at the Minto Flats State Game Refuge was conducted in collaboration with Mike Petrula of Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Our thanks to all staff at Sacramento NWR, in particular Michael Wolder, Kevin Foerster, and Greg Mensik. We also appreciate the assistance of Dan Yparraguirre, Andy Atkinson, Tim Caldwell, and California Department of Fish and Game check station employees. Owners of Conaway Ranch Duck Club granted permission to collect samples-particular thanks to Mike Hall, the Wildlife Manager of Conaway Ranch and Preservation Group. We thank Ken Richkus, Robert Trost, and the staff at the Pacific Flyway Wingbee for help with aging duck wings from California. This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (contracts HHSN266200700007C and HHSN266200700009C) and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Region. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 39 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1089/vbz.2010.0246 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 906NX UT WOS:000301353600011 PM 21995264 ER PT J AU Tucker, RD Belkin, HE Schulz, KJ Peters, SG Horton, F Buttleman, K Scott, ER AF Tucker, Robert D. Belkin, Harvey E. Schulz, Klaus J. Peters, Stephen G. Horton, Forrest Buttleman, Kim Scott, Emily R. TI A MAJOR LIGHT RARE-EARTH ELEMENT (LREE) RESOURCE IN THE KHANNESHIN CARBONATITE COMPLEX, SOUTHERN AFGHANISTAN SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INNER-MONGOLIA; DEPOSIT; GENESIS; CHINA AB The rapid rise in world demand for the rare-earth elements (REEs) has expanded the search for new RE E resources. We document two types of light rare-earth element (LREE)-enriched rocks in the Khanneshin carbonatite complex of southern Afghanistan: type 1 concordant seams of khanneshite-(Ce), synchysite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce) within banded barite-strontianite alvikite, and type 2 igneous dikes of coarse-grained carbonatite, enriched in fluorine or phosphorus, containing idiomorphic crystals of khanneshite-(Ce) or carbocernaite. Type 1 mineralized barite-strontianite alvikite averages 22.25 wt % BaO, 4.27 wt % SrO, and 3.25 wt % Sigma LREE2O3 (sum of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd oxides). Type 2 igneous dikes average 14.51 wt % BaO, 5.96 wt % SrO, and 3.77 wt % Sigma LREE2O3. A magmatic origin is clearly indicated for the type 2 LREE-enriched dikes, and type 1 LREE mineralization probably formed in the presence of LREE-rich hydrothermal fluid. Both types of LREE mineralization may be penecontemporaneous, having formed in a carbonate-rich magma in the marginal zone of the central vent, highly charged with volatile constituents (i.e.,CO2, F, P2O5), and strongly enriched in Ba, Sr, and the LREE. Based on several assumptions, and employing simple geometry for the zone of LREE enrichment, we estimate that at least 1.29 Mt (million metric tonnes) of LREE2O3 is present in this part of the carbonatite complex. C1 [Tucker, Robert D.; Belkin, Harvey E.; Schulz, Klaus J.; Peters, Stephen G.; Buttleman, Kim] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horton, Forrest] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Scott, Emily R.] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20131 USA. RP Tucker, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rtucker@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 FU Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, U.S. Department of Defense, as a contract agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey Transportation, accommodation, and security during field work to the Khanneshin carbonatite complex were provided by the U.S. Department of Defense. We thank Associate Editor Watanabe for his thorough and constructive review of our manuscript. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 107 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 894ZA UT WOS:000300464800001 ER PT J AU Bekker, A Krapez, B Slack, JF Planavsky, N Hofmann, A Konhauser, KO Rouxel, OJ AF Bekker, A. Krapez, B. Slack, J. F. Planavsky, N. Hofmann, A. Konhauser, K. O. Rouxel, O. J. TI IRON FORMATION: THE SEDIMENTARY PRODUCT OF A COMPLEX INTERPLAY AMONG MANTLE, TECTONIC, OCEANIC, AND BIOSPHERIC PROCESSES-A REPLY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRECAMBRIAN HAMERSLEY-GROUP; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; GEOCHEMISTRY C1 [Bekker, A.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Krapez, B.] Curtin Univ, Inst Geosci Res, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Slack, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Planavsky, N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hofmann, A.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Geol, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Konhauser, K. O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Rouxel, O. J.] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Bekker, A (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM bekker@cc.umanitoba.ca RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014; OI Konhauser, Kurt/0000-0001-7722-7068 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 107 IS 2 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 894ZA UT WOS:000300464800010 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC AF Van Metre, Peter C. TI Increased atmospheric deposition of mercury in reference lakes near major urban areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Sediment; Urban; Lake; Core ID UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT CORES; NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE; TRENDS; PB-210; CONTAMINANTS; EMISSIONS; PARTICLE; FLORIDA AB Atmospheric deposition of Hg is the predominant pathway for Hg to reach sensitive ecosystems, but the importance of emissions on near-field deposition remains unclear. To better understand spatial variability in Hg deposition, mercury concentrations were analyzed in sediment cores from 12 lakes with undeveloped watersheds near to (<50 km) and remote from (>150 km) several major urban areas in the United States. Background and focusing corrected Hg fluxes and flux ratios (modern to background) in the near-urban lakes (68 +/- 6.9 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) and 9.8 +/- 4.8, respectively) greatly exceed those in the remote lakes (14 +/- 9.3 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) and 3.5 +/- 1.0) and the fluxes are strongly related to distance from the nearest major urban area (r(2) = 0.87) and to population and Hg emissions within 50-100 km of the lakes. Comparison to monitored wet deposition suggests that dry deposition is a major contributor of Hg to lakes near major urban areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 162 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903BB UT WOS:000301087800026 PM 22243866 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Overton, CT Casazza, ML Takekawa, JY Eagles-Smith, CA Keister, RA Herzog, MP AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Overton, Cory T. Casazza, Michael L. Takekawa, John Y. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Keister, Robin A. Herzog, Mark P. TI Does mercury contamination reduce body condition of endangered California clapper rails? SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Bird; Bioaccumulation; Body condition; San Francisco Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; FORSTERS TERNS; GREAT EGRETS; SPACE USE; METHYLMERCURY; CHICKS; FEATHERS; BEHAVIOR; EGGS AB We examined mercury exposure in 133 endangered California clapper rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) within tidal marsh habitats of San Francisco Bay, California from 2006 to 2010. Mean total mercury concentrations were 0.56 mu g/g ww in blood (range: 0.15-1.43), 9.87 mu g/g fw in head feathers (3.37-22.0), 9.04 mu g/g fw in breast feathers (3.68-20.2), and 0.57 mu g/g fww in abandoned eggs (0.15-2.70). We recaptured 21 clapper rails and most had low within-individual variation in mercury. Differences in mercury concentrations were largely attributed to tidal marsh site, with some evidence for year and quadratic date effects. Mercury concentrations in feathers were correlated with blood, and slopes differed between sexes (R-2 = 0.58-0.76). Body condition was negatively related to mercury concentrations. Model averaged estimates indicated a potential decrease in body mass of 20-22 g (5-7%) over the observed range of mercury concentrations. Our results indicate the potential for detrimental effects of mercury contamination on endangered California clapper rails in tidal marsh habitats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Keister, Robin A.; Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Overton, Cory T.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835; Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Quick Response Program; California Coastal Conservancy FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's joint Science Support Program and Quick Response Program, California Coastal Conservancy, Invasive Spartina Project, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Coastal Program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 162 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.004 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903BB UT WOS:000301087800056 PM 22243896 ER PT J AU Holmes, RM McClelland, JW Peterson, BJ Tank, SE Bulygina, E Eglinton, TI Gordeev, VV Gurtovaya, TY Raymond, PA Repeta, DJ Staples, R Striegl, RG Zhulidov, AV Zimov, SA AF Holmes, Robert Max McClelland, James W. Peterson, Bruce J. Tank, Suzanne E. Bulygina, Ekaterina Eglinton, Timothy I. Gordeev, Viacheslav V. Gurtovaya, Tatiana Y. Raymond, Peter A. Repeta, Daniel J. Staples, Robin Striegl, Robert G. Zhulidov, Alexander V. Zimov, Sergey A. TI Seasonal and Annual Fluxes of Nutrients and Organic Matter from Large Rivers to the Arctic Ocean and Surrounding Seas SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Rivers; Arctic rivers; Siberia Land-ocean linkage; Climate change; Permafrost; Dissolved organic carbon; DOC ID NEW-ENGLAND ESTUARY; RUSSIAN-FEDERATION; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; PHOSPHORUS; DISCHARGE; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; ICE AB River inputs of nutrients and organic matter impact the biogeochemistry of arctic estuaries and the Arctic Ocean as a whole, yet there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of fluvial fluxes at the pan-Arctic scale. Samples from the six largest arctic rivers, with a combined watershed area of 11.3 x 10(6) km(2), have revealed strong seasonal variations in constituent concentrations and fluxes within rivers as well as large differences among the rivers. Specifically, we investigate fluxes of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, nitrate, and silica. This is the first time that seasonal and annual constituent fluxes have been determined using consistent sampling and analytical methods at the pan-Arctic scale and consequently provide the best available estimates for constituent flux from land to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. Given the large inputs of river water to the relatively small Arctic Ocean and the dramatic impacts that climate change is having in the Arctic, it is particularly urgent that we establish the contemporary river fluxes so that we will be able to detect future changes and evaluate the impact of the changes on the biogeochemistry of the receiving coastal and ocean systems. C1 [Holmes, Robert Max; Bulygina, Ekaterina] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Peterson, Bruce J.; Tank, Suzanne E.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Eglinton, Timothy I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gordeev, Viacheslav V.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Gurtovaya, Tatiana Y.; Zhulidov, Alexander V.] S Russia Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Projects, Rostov Na Donu, Russia. [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA. [Repeta, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Staples, Robin] Dept Indian & No Affairs, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Striegl, Robert G.] USGS, Boulder, CO USA. [Zimov, Sergey A.] NE Sci Stn, Cherskiy, Russia. RP Holmes, RM (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, POB 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rmholmes@whrc.org RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0229302, OPP-0519840, OPP-0732522, OPP-0732944, OCE-0851101]; US Geological Survey (Yukon River); Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (Mackenzie River) FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants OPP-0229302, OPP-0519840, OPP-0732522, OPP-0732944, and OCE-0851101. Additional support was provided by the US Geological Survey (Yukon River) and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (Mackenzie River). We thank Suzanne Thomas and Kate Morkeski for assistance using Loadest to model constituent fluxes and Rainer Amon, Tim Brabets, Ludmila Boeva, Ludmila Kosmenko, Charlie Couvillon, Elena Dunaeva, Martin Kelly, Dave Milburn, Yana Adreeva, Anna Suslova, and Mikhail Suslov for assistance with sample collection or project coordination. Greg Fiske assisted with GIS analysis and figures and Alexander Shiklomanov provided additional discharge data for the Kolyma River. NR 57 TC 144 Z9 152 U1 8 U2 148 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9386-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898WA UT WOS:000300771900002 ER PT J AU Saha, AK Moses, CS Price, RM Engel, V Smith, TJ Anderson, G AF Saha, Amartya K. Moses, Christopher S. Price, Rene M. Engel, Victor Smith, Thomas J., III Anderson, Gordon TI A Hydrological Budget (2002-2008) for a Large Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Indicates Marine Groundwater Discharge Accompanies Diminished Freshwater Flow SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Hydrological budget; Everglades; Evapotranspiration; Groundwater discharge; Salinity ID SOUTH FLORIDA; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; OKAVANGO DELTA; UNITED-STATES; EVERGLADES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; COMMUNITIES; EVAPORATION AB Water budget parameters are estimated for Shark River Slough (SRS), the main drainage within Everglades National Park (ENP) from 2002 to 2008. Inputs to the water budget include surface water inflows and precipitation while outputs consist of evapotranspiration, discharge to the Gulf of Mexico and seepage losses due to municipal wellfield extraction. The daily change in volume of SRS is equated to the difference between input and outputs yielding a residual term consisting of component errors and net groundwater exchange. Results predict significant net groundwater discharge to the SRS peaking in June and positively correlated with surface water salinity at the mangrove ecotone, lagging by 1 month. Precipitation, the largest input to the SRS, is offset by ET (the largest output); thereby highlighting the importance of increasing fresh water inflows into ENP for maintaining conditions in terrestrial, estuarine, and marine ecosystems of South Florida. C1 [Saha, Amartya K.; Moses, Christopher S.; Price, Rene M.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Price, Rene M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Engel, Victor] S Florida Ecosyst Off, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Anderson, Gordon] USGS SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Everglades Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Saha, AK (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, 11200 SW 8th St,Bldg,OE 148, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM asaha@bio.miami.edu FU NSF [DBI-0620409]; NASA WaterSCAPES FX The authors would like to thank the Florida Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project (FCE-LTER), United States Geological Survey, Everglades National Park and the South Florida Water Management District for making data available for this analysis. A portion of A. Saha's, C. Moses and R. M. Price's time was supported by NSF grant no. DBI-0620409. Dr. Price was also supported by the NASA WaterSCAPES project. This is SERC Contribution #533. NR 74 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 459 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9454-y PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898WA UT WOS:000300771900008 ER PT J AU Brooks, ML Fleishman, E Brown, LR Lehman, PW Werner, I Scholz, N Mitchelmore, C Lovvorn, JR Johnson, ML Schlenk, D van Drunick, S Drever, JI Stoms, DM Parker, AE Dugdale, R AF Brooks, Marjorie L. Fleishman, Erica Brown, Larry R. Lehman, Peggy W. Werner, Inge Scholz, Nathaniel Mitchelmore, Carys Lovvorn, James R. Johnson, Michael L. Schlenk, Daniel van Drunick, Suzanne Drever, James I. Stoms, David M. Parker, Alex E. Dugdale, Richard TI Life Histories, Salinity Zones, and Sublethal Contributions of Contaminants to Pelagic Fish Declines Illustrated with a Case Study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Susceptibility to toxins; Bioenergetic costs; Impaired waterways; Multiple stressors; Pelagic organism decline; Climate change; Review ID LARVAL STRIPED BASS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BAY ESTUARY; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Human effects on estuaries are often associated with major decreases in abundance of aquatic species. However, remediation priorities are difficult to identify when declines result from multiple stressors with interacting sublethal effects. The San Francisco Estuary offers a useful case study of the potential role of contaminants in declines of organisms because the waters of its delta chronically violate legal water quality standards; however, direct effects of contaminants on fish species are rarely observed. Lack of direct lethality in the field has prevented consensus that contaminants may be one of the major drivers of coincident but unexplained declines of fishes with differing life histories and habitats (anadromous, brackish, and freshwater). Our review of available evidence indicates that examining the effects of contaminants and other stressors on specific life stages in different seasons and salinity zones of the estuary is critical to identifying how several interacting stressors could contribute to a general syndrome of declines. Moreover, warming water temperatures of the magnitude projected by climate models increase metabolic rates of ectotherms, and can hasten elimination of some contaminants. However, for other pollutants, concurrent increases in respiratory rate or food intake result in higher doses per unit time without changes in the contaminant concentrations in the water. Food limitation and energetic costs of osmoregulating under altered salinities further limit the amount of energy available to fish; this energy must be redirected from growth and reproduction toward pollutant avoidance, enzymatic detoxification, or elimination. Because all of these processes require energy, bioenergetics methods are promising for evaluating effects of sublethal contaminants in the presence of other stressors, and for informing remediation. Predictive models that evaluate the direct and indirect effects of contaminants will be possible when data become available on energetic costs of exposure to contaminants given simultaneous exposure to non-contaminant stressors. C1 [Brooks, Marjorie L.; Lovvorn, James R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Fleishman, Erica; Stoms, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Lehman, Peggy W.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Werner, Inge] Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Scholz, Nathaniel] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mitchelmore, Carys] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schlenk, Daniel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [van Drunick, Suzanne] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Drever, James I.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Dept 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Parker, Alex E.; Dugdale, Richard] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, 1125 E Lincoln Dr,MC 6501, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlbrooks@siu.edu RI Mitchelmore, Carys/E-5278-2012; Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014; OI Mitchelmore, Carys/0000-0003-1373-4479; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU University of California-Santa Barbara [113325G004]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004] FX We thank James Orlando, Kelly Smalling, and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by cooperative agreement number 113325G004 between the University of California-Santa Barbara and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and conducted as part of a working group convened in part at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. NR 143 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 603 EP 621 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898WA UT WOS:000300771900018 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Stock, GM Granger, DE Howard, KA AF Matmon, Ari Stock, Greg M. Granger, Darryl E. Howard, Keith A. TI Dating of Pliocene Colorado River sediments: Implications for cosmogenic burial dating and the evolution of the lower Colorado River SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; EROSION RATES; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; SALTON TROUGH; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; PLEISTOCENE INCISION; RADIOACTIVE DECAY; WESTERN ARIZONA; BOUSE FORMATION AB We applied cosmogenic Al-26/Be-10 burial dating to sedimentary deposits of the ancestral Colorado River. We compared cosmogenic burial ages of sediments to the age of an independently well-dated overlying basalt flow at one site, and also applied cosmogenic burial dating to sediments with less precise independent age constraints. All dated gravels yielded old ages that suggest several episodes of sediment burial over the past similar to 5.3 m.y. Comparison of burial ages to the overlying 4.4 Ma basalt yielded good agreement and suggests that under the most favorable conditions, cosmogenic burial dating can extend back 4-5 m.y. In contrast, results from other sites with more broadly independent age constraints highlight the complexities inherent in burial dating; these complexities arise from unknown and complicated burial histories, insufficient shielding, postburial production of cosmogenic isotopes by muons, and unknown initial Al-26/Be-10 ratios. Nevertheless, and in spite of the large range of burial ages and large uncertainties, we identify samples that provide reasonable burial age constraints on the depositional history of sediment along the lower ancestral Colorado River. These samples suggest possible sediment deposition and burial at ca. 5.3, 4.7, and 3.6 Ma. Our calculated basinwide erosion rate for sediment transported by the modern Colorado River (similar to 187 mm k.y.(-1)) is higher than the modern erosion rates inferred from the historic sediment load (80-100 mm k.y.(-1)). In contrast, basinwide paleo-erosion rates calculated from Pliocene sediments are all under 40 mm The comparatively lower denudation rates calculated for the Pliocene sediment samples are surprising given that the sampled time intervals include significant Pliocene aggradation and may include much incision of the Grand Canyon and its tributaries. This conflict may arise from extensive storage of sediment along the route of the Colorado River, slower paleobedrock erosion, or the inclusion of sediments that were derived preferentially from higher elevations in the watershed. C1 [Matmon, Ari] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Givat Ram, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Stock, Greg M.] Div Resources Management & Sci, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Granger, Darryl E.] Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Granger, Darryl E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Howard, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Givat Ram, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM arimatmon@cc.huji.ac.il NR 79 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3-4 BP 626 EP 640 DI 10.1130/B30453.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 900XW UT WOS:000300926500022 ER PT J AU Melnick, D Moreno, M Motagh, M Cisternas, M Wesson, RL AF Melnick, Daniel Moreno, Marcos Motagh, Mahdi Cisternas, Marco Wesson, Robert L. TI Splay fault slip during the M-w 8.8 2010 Maule Chile earthquake SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT SUBDUCTION EARTHQUAKES; ZONE; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; THRUST AB Splay faults are thrusts that emerge from the plate boundaries of subduction zones. Such structures have been mapped at several convergent margins and their activity commonly ascribed to large megathrust earthquakes. However, the behavior of splay faults during the earthquake cycle is poorly constrained because typically these structures are located offshore and are difficult to access. Here we use geologic mapping combined with space and land geodesy, as well as offshore sonar data, to document surface-fault ruptures and coastal uplift at Isla Santa Maria in south-central Chile (37 degrees S) caused by the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake (M-w 8.8). During the earthquake, the island was tilted parallel to the margin, and normal faults ruptured the surface and adjacent ocean bottom. We associate tilt and crestal normal faulting with growth of an anticline above a blind reverse fault rooted in the Nazca-South America plate boundary, which slipped during the Maule earthquake. The splay fault system has formed in an area of reduced coseismic plate-boundary slip, suggesting that anelastic deformation in the upper plate may have restrained the 2010 megathrust rupture. Surface fault breaks were accompanied by prominent discharge of fluids. Our field observations support the notion that splay faulting may frequently complement and influence the rupture of subduction-zone earthquakes. C1 [Melnick, Daniel] Univ Potsdam, Inst Erd & Umweltwissensch, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. [Melnick, Daniel] Univ Potsdam, DFG Leibniz Ctr Surface Proc & Climate Studies, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. [Moreno, Marcos; Motagh, Mahdi] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso 1020, Chile. [Wesson, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Melnick, D (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Erd & Umweltwissensch, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. EM melnick@geo.uni-potsdam.de RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; Melnick, Daniel/G-8484-2011; Moreno, Marcos/M-4632-2013 OI Melnick, Daniel/0000-0001-8397-7391; Moreno, Marcos/0000-0002-6023-7283 FU German Science Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [ME 3157/2-1]; Chilean Science Foundation (Conycit) Fondecyt [1110848]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1036057]; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) FX This work was supported by German Science Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) grant ME 3157/2-1 to Melnick, Chilean Science Foundation (Conycit) Fondecyt 1110848 to Cisternas, National Science Foundation grant EAR-1036057 to Wesson, and GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) financed postearthquake field work coordinated by R. Norambuena. The Chilean National Oil Company (ENAP) provided seismic profiles. We thank I. Urrutia and J. Jara for help in the field and M. Rosenau, O. Oncken, A. Nelson, E. Kirby, and M. Strecker for suggestions on an earlier version, and G. Plafker and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 33 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1130/G32712.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 904CL UT WOS:000301171200017 ER PT J AU Bedekar, V Niswonger, RG Kipp, K Panday, S Tonkin, M AF Bedekar, Vivek Niswonger, Richard G. Kipp, Kenneth Panday, Sorab Tonkin, Matthew TI Approaches to the Simulation of Unconfined Flow and Perched Groundwater Flow in MODFLOW SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CELLS; MEDIA AB Various approaches have been proposed to manage the nonlinearities associated with the unconfined flow equation and to simulate perched groundwater conditions using the MODFLOW family of codes. The approaches comprise a variety of numerical techniques to prevent dry cells from becoming inactive and to achieve a stable solution focused on formulations of the unconfined, partially-saturated, groundwater flow equation. Keeping dry cells active avoids a discontinuous head solution which in turn improves the effectiveness of parameter estimation software that relies on continuous derivatives. Most approaches implement an upstream weighting of intercell conductance and Newton-Raphson linearization to obtain robust convergence. In this study, several published approaches were implemented in a stepwise manner into MODFLOW for comparative analysis. First, a comparative analysis of the methods is presented using synthetic examples that create convergence issues or difficulty in handling perched conditions with the more common dry-cell simulation capabilities of MODFLOW. Next, a field-scale three-dimensional simulation is presented to examine the stability and performance of the discussed approaches in larger, practical, simulation settings. C1 [Bedekar, Vivek; Tonkin, Matthew] SS Papadopulos & Associates, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Kipp, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Panday, Sorab] AMEC Geomatrix Inc, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP Bedekar, V (reprint author), SS Papadopulos & Associates, 7944 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM vivekb@sspa.com; rniswon@usgs.gov; klkipp@usgs.gov; Sorab.Panday@amec.com; matt@sspa.com NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 901AI UT WOS:000300933700007 PM 21635246 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM McMahon, PB Kaiser, K Benner, R AF Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. McMahon, Peter B. Kaiser, Karl Benner, Ron TI Dissolved Oxygen as an Indicator of Bioavailable Dissolved Organic Carbon in Groundwater SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MATTER; WATER; BACTERIA; AQUIFER; ZONE; FLUORESCENCE; VARIABILITY; NITROGEN AB Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) plotted vs. dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater samples taken from a coastal plain aquifer of South Carolina (SC) showed a statistically significant hyperbolic relationship. In contrast, DO-DOC plots of groundwater samples taken from the eastern San Joaquin Valley of California (CA) showed a random scatter. It was hypothesized that differences in the bioavailability of naturally occurring DOC might contribute to these observations. This hypothesis was examined by comparing nine different biochemical indicators of DOC bioavailability in groundwater sampled from these two systems. Concentrations of DOC, total hydrolysable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA), mole% glycine of THAA, initial bacterial cell counts, bacterial growth rates, and carbon dioxide production/consumption were greater in SC samples relative to CA samples. In contrast, the mole% glucose of THNS and the aromaticity (SUVA254) of DOC was greater in CA samples. Each of these indicator parameters were observed to change with depth in the SC system in a manner consistent with active biodegradation. These results are uniformly consistent with the hypothesis that the bioavailability of DOC is greater in SC relative to CA groundwater samples. This, in turn, suggests that the presence/absence of a hyperbolic DO-DOC relationship may be a qualitative indicator of relative DOC bioavailability in groundwater systems. C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [McMahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kaiser, Karl; Benner, Ron] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015 OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777 FU National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and the Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors would like to thank Celeste A. Journey of the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project for their assistance in collecting groundwater samples from South Carolina and California, respectively. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00835.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 901AI UT WOS:000300933700011 PM 21707614 ER PT J AU O'Leary, DR Izbicki, JA Moran, JE Meeth, T Nakagawa, B Metzger, L Bonds, C Singleton, MJ AF O'Leary, David R. Izbicki, John A. Moran, Jean E. Meeth, Tanya Nakagawa, Brandon Metzger, Loren Bonds, Chris Singleton, Michael J. TI Movement of Water Infiltrated from a Recharge Basin to Wells SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; UNSATURATED ZONE; CALIFORNIA; AIR; TRACER AB Local surface water and stormflow were infiltrated intermittently from a 40-ha basin between September 2003 and September 2007 to determine the feasibility of recharging alluvial aquifers pumped for public supply, near Stockton, California. Infiltration of water produced a pressure response that propagated through unconsolidated alluvial-fan deposits to 125 m below land surface (bls) in 5 d and through deeper, more consolidated alluvial deposits to 194 m bls in 25 d, resulting in increased water levels in nearby monitoring wells. The top of the saturated zone near the basin fluctuates seasonally from depths of about 15 to 20 m. Since the start of recharge, water infiltrated from the basin has reached depths as great as 165 m bls. On the basis of sulfur hexafluoride tracer test data, basin water moved downward through the saturated alluvial deposits until reaching more permeable zones about 110 m bls. Once reaching these permeable zones, water moved rapidly to nearby pumping wells at rates as high as 13 m/d. Flow to wells through highly permeable material was confirmed on the basis of flowmeter logging, and simulated numerically using a two-dimensional radial groundwater flow model. Arsenic concentrations increased slightly as a result of recharge from 2 to 6 mu g/L immediately below the basin. Although few water-quality issues were identified during sample collection, high groundwater velocities and short travel times to nearby wells may have implications for groundwater management at this and at other sites in heterogeneous alluvial aquifers. C1 [O'Leary, David R.; Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Moran, Jean E.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Meeth, Tanya; Bonds, Chris] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. [Nakagawa, Brandon] San Joaquin Cty Publ Works, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Metzger, Loren] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Singleton, Michael J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP O'Leary, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM doleary@usgs.gov FU Northeastern San Joaquin Groundwater Banking Authority; California Department of Water Resources FX This study was funded by the Northeastern San Joaquin Groundwater Banking Authority and the California Department of Water Resources, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey. Quarterly sampling from the recharge basin and multiple-well site was done by the California Department of Water Resources, Division of Planning and Local Assistance Central District. The SF6 tracer experiment was done by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with funding from the California State Water Resources Control Board. The authors thank the Northeastern San Joaquin Groundwater Banking Authority, the City of Stockton Municipal Utilities Department, Condor Earth Technology, and Dr. Kathy Thorbjarnarson of San Diego State University for their support and assistance during this study. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 BP 242 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00838.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 901AI UT WOS:000300933700012 PM 21740423 ER PT J AU King, TL Springmann, MJ Young, JA AF King, T. L. Springmann, M. J. Young, J. A. TI Tri- and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for assessing genetic diversity, population structure, and demographics in the Holmgren milk-vetch (Astragalus holmgreniorum) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Holmgren milk-vetch; Astragalus holmgreniorum; Microsatellite DNA; Critical habitat unit; Population; Gene flow; Diversity; Differentiation ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; BOTTLENECKS; TESTS AB We document the isolation and characterization of 17 tri- and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in the Holmgren milk-vetch (Astragalus holmgreniorum) surveyed among plants from three critical habitat units (CHUs) located in southern Utah and northern Arizona, USA. These markers displayed moderate to high levels of allelic diversity (averaging 19.5 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 75.1%). No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and limited (1.8%) linkage disequilibrium were observed. A series of analyses identified significant population differentiation among the three CHUs. Demographic analyses suggested that each collection has achieved mutation-drift equilibrium. The microsatellite markers developed for A. holmgreniorum yielded sufficient genetic diversity to: (1) distinguish individuals and delineate kinship; (2) elucidate population structure; (3) define management units; and (4) provide unique demographic perspectives for recovery efforts. C1 [King, T. L.; Springmann, M. J.; Young, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Leetown Science Center (USGS-LSC); USGS; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey's Leetown Science Center (USGS-LSC) and the USGS and US Fish and Wildlife Service's Science Support Program. The following scientists assisted in tissue collection for marker development and subsequent genetic surveys: Daniela Roth (US Fish and Wildlife Service), Bob Douglas (Bureau of Land Management), Timothy Croissant (Bureau of Land Management), Heather Barnes (formerly of the US Fish and Wildlife Service), and Shane Mower. Michael Eackles (USGS-LSC) assisted with microsatellite DNA screening. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9468-6 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 898WG UT WOS:000300772500009 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Muhlfeld, CC Luikart, G AF Landguth, Erin L. Muhlfeld, C. C. Luikart, G. TI CDFISH: an individual-based, spatially-explicit, landscape genetics simulator for aquatic species in complex riverscapes SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Stream resistance; Conservation biology; Freeware; Gene flow; Computer simulations; Stream networks; Dispersal; Connectivity; Habitat fragmentation; Climate change ID POPULATIONS; PROGRAM; FLOW AB We introduce Cost Distance FISHeries (CDFISH), a simulator of population genetics and connectivity in complex riverscapes for a wide range of environmental scenarios of aquatic organisms. The spatially-explicit program implements individual-based genetic modeling with Mendelian inheritance and k-allele mutation on a riverscape with resistance to movement. The program simulates individuals in subpopulations through time employing user-defined functions of individual migration, reproduction, mortality, and dispersal through straying on a continuous resistance surface. C1 [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (US Department of Interior) through the Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit at the University of Montana; NSF [DEB 074218, DEB 1067129]; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank Leslie Jones, Helen Neville, and Ross Carlson for their input. Funding was provided by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (US Department of Interior) through the Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit at the University of Montana. GL was supported by NSF (DEB 074218; DEB 1067129) and the Walton Family Foundation. Although this program has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the US Government as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9492-6 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 898WG UT WOS:000300772500032 ER PT J AU Diaz, FP Latorre, C Maldonado, A Quade, J Betancourt, JL AF Diaz, Francisca P. Latorre, Claudio Maldonado, Antonio Quade, Jay Betancourt, Julio L. TI Rodent middens reveal episodic, long-distance plant colonizations across the hyperarid Atacama Desert over the last 34,000 years SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abrocoma; aridland palaeoecology; Atacama Desert; fog oases; hyperarid environments; late Quaternary; Lomas vegetation; Phyllotis; rodent middens ID SALAR-DE-ATACAMA; NORTHERN CHILE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CENTRAL ANDES; LAT 22-DEGREES-24-DEGREES-S; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEED DISPERSAL; FOG OASES; PRECIPITATION; HISTORY AB Aim To document the impact of late Quaternary pluvial events on plant movements between the coast and the Andes across the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Location Sites are located along the lower and upper fringes of absolute desert (1100-2800 m a.s.l.), between the western slope of the Andes and the Coastal Ranges of northern Chile (24-26 degrees S). Methods We collected and individually radiocarbon dated 21 rodent middens. Plant macrofossils (fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves) were identified and pollen content analysed. Midden assemblages afford brief snapshots of local plant communities that existed within the rodents' limited foraging range during the several years to decades that it took the midden to accumulate. These assemblages were then compared with modern floras to determine the presence of extralocal species and species provenance. Results Five middens span the last glacial period (34-21 ka) and three middens are from the last glacial-interglacial transition (19-11 ka). The remaining 13 middens span the last 7000 years. Coastal hyperarid sites exhibit low taxonomic richness in middens at 19.3, 1.1, 1.0, 0.9, 0.5 ka and a modern sample. Middens are also dominated by the same plants that occur today. In contrast, middens dated to 28.1, 21.3, 17.3, 3.7 and 0.5 ka contain more species, including Andean extralocals. Precordillera middens (c. 2700 m) show a prominent increase in plant macrofossil richness, along with the appearance of Andean extralocals and sedges at 34.5 and 18.9 ka. Six younger middens dated to 6.1-0.1 ka are similar to the modern local vegetation. Main conclusions Increased species richness and Andean extralocal plants occurred along the current lower fringes of absolute desert during the last glacialinterglacial transition and late Holocene. The absence of soil carbonates indicates the persistence of absolute desert throughout the Quaternary. Colonization by Andean plants could have been accomplished through long-distance seed dispersal either by animals or floods that originated in the Andes. We postulate that dispersal would have been most frequent during regional pluvial events and associated increases in groundwater levels, forming local wetlands in the absolute desert, and generating large floods capable of crossing the Central Depression. C1 [Diaz, Francisca P.; Latorre, Claudio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Santiago 6513677, Chile. [Diaz, Francisca P.; Latorre, Claudio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Santiago 6513677, Chile. [Diaz, Francisca P.; Latorre, Claudio] IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Maldonado, Antonio] CEAZA, Lab Paleoambientes, La Serena, Chile. [Maldonado, Antonio] Univ La Serena, La Serena, Chile. [Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Latorre, C (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Alameda 340, Santiago 6513677, Chile. EM clatorre@bio.puc.cl RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012; Maldonado, Antonio/D-7568-2013 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599; FU NSF-ESH [0213657]; CEAZA; USGS WRD; FONDECYT [1100916]; [FONDAP 1501-2001]; [1060496] FX We thank Mark Betancourt, Erin Gleeson, Gabriel Cisneros, Karina Moreno and Chelsea Leven for help in the field. We thank Matias Frugone for drafting Figure 1 map. Funding was provided by grant FONDAP 1501-2001 to CASEB, PFB-23 to the IEB FONDECYT grant no. 1060496 (to C. L. and A. M.), NSF-ESH no. 0213657 (to J.Q. and J.L.B.). Additional funding came from CEAZA and the USGS WRD National Research Program to J.L.B. We thank Alex Cherkinsky (Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia) and Chris Moy (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories) for AMS dates. Support for the final stages of research present in this manuscript came from FONDECYT no. 1100916 to C.L. and A.M. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3 BP 510 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02617.x PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 897PP UT WOS:000300665400008 ER PT J AU Stubbins, A Hood, E Raymond, PA Aiken, GR Sleighter, RL Hernes, PJ Butman, D Hatcher, PG Striegl, RG Schuster, P Abdulla, HAN Vermilyea, AW Scott, DT Spencer, RGM AF Stubbins, Aron Hood, Eran Raymond, Peter A. Aiken, George R. Sleighter, Rachel L. Hernes, Peter J. Butman, David Hatcher, Patrick G. Striegl, Robert G. Schuster, Paul Abdulla, Hussain A. N. Vermilyea, Andrew W. Scott, Durelle T. Spencer, Robert G. M. TI Anthropogenic aerosols as a source of ancient dissolved organic matter in glaciers SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CARBON; AROMATICITY; ECOSYSTEMS; OCEAN; RIVER; SOOT AB Glacier-derived dissolved organic matter represents a quantitatively significant source of ancient, yet highly bioavailable carbon to downstream ecosystems(1). This finding runs counter to logical perceptions of age-reactivity relationships, in which the least reactive material withstands degradation the longest and is therefore the oldest(2). The remnants of ancient peatlands and forests overrun by glaciers have been invoked as the source of this organic matter(1,3,4). Here, we examine the radiocarbon age and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in snow, glacier surface water, ice and glacier outflow samples from Alaska to determine the origin of the organic matter. Low levels of compounds derived from vascular plants indicate that the organic matter does not originate from forests or peatlands. Instead, we show that the organic matter on the surface of the glaciers is radiocarbon depleted, consistent with an anthropogenic aerosol source. Fluorescence spectrophotometry measurements reveal the presence of protein-like compounds of microbial or aerosol origin. In addition, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry measurements document the presence of combustion products found in anthropogenic aerosols. Based on the presence of these compounds, we suggest that aerosols derived from fossil fuel burning are a source of pre-aged organic matter to glacier surfaces. Furthermore, we show that the molecular signature of the organic matter is conserved in snow, glacier water and outflow, suggesting that the anthropogenic carbon is exported relatively unchanged in glacier outflows. C1 [Stubbins, Aron] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Hood, Eran; Vermilyea, Andrew W.] Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci & Geog Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Raymond, Peter A.; Butman, David] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. [Aiken, George R.; Striegl, Robert G.; Schuster, Paul] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Sleighter, Rachel L.; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Abdulla, Hussain A. N.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Hernes, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Scott, Durelle T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. RP Stubbins, A (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. EM aron.stubbins@skio.usg.edu RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Aron, Stubbins/M-8801-2014 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Aron, Stubbins/0000-0002-3994-1946 FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-1146161/-1145313/-1145932/-11455885, OCE-0728634, EAR-0943599/-0838587]; Climate Effects Network of the US Geological Survey; Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK, Delmenhorst, Germany) FX K. Butler is thanked for help with measurements of DOC concentrations and DOM optical properties, R. Dyda for help with lignin analyses, A. Wozniak for discussions regarding aerosol OM, A. Boyette for assistance with design and production of figures, and the College of Sciences Major Instrumentation Cluster (COSMIC) at ODU for FTICR-MS instrument time. NorthStar Trekkers and the US forest Service are thanked for providing transport and access to Mendenhall Glacier. This work was funded by the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1146161/-1145313/-1145932/-11455885, OCE-0728634, EAR-0943599/-0838587), the Climate Effects Network of the US Geological Survey, and a Fellowship from the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK, Delmenhorst, Germany) granted to A. Stubbins. The use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding bodies. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1038/NGEO1403 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 900HZ UT WOS:000300879000014 ER PT J AU Spooner, DE Vaughn, CC AF Spooner, Daniel E. Vaughn, Caryn C. TI Species' traits and environmental gradients interact to govern primary production in freshwater mussel communities SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; FACILITATION; STOICHIOMETRY; STREAMS; STRESS AB We examined the effect of species identity on ecosystem function across an environmental gradient by manipulating the relative dominance of three freshwater mussel species with divergent thermal preferences in mesocosms across a temperature gradient (15, 25, 35 degrees C). We measured a suite of individual performance (oxygen consumption, nutrient excretion) and ecosystem response metrics (community, water column, benthic gross primary production and nutrient concentrations) to determine if species performance across temperatures was governed by 1) physiological responses to temperature, 2) species interactions associated with dominant species, or 3) context-dependent species interactions related to temperature (interaction of 1 and 2). Our results demonstrate that environmental context (temperature) combined with the functional traits of dominant species interactively influence the performance and services provided by other species, and that these shifts can have heightened effects on multiple compartments within an ecosystem. Therefore, in addition to declines in species richness, shifts in community dominance also should be considered when interpreting the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. C1 [Spooner, Daniel E.; Vaughn, Caryn C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Spooner, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM dspooner45@gmail.com RI Vaughn, Caryn /D-8534-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0211010, DEB-0608247]; Oklahoma Dept of Wildlife Conservation [SWG T-10] FX We thank Heather Galbraith for laboratory and field help and stimulating discussions, Dan Allen, Rickey Cothran, Punidan Jeyasingh, Dane Morris, Wendal Porter, Kathleen Reagan, William Shelton and Dan Rhodes for help implementing the experiment, and M. Christopher Barnhart, K. David Hambright, Jeffrey F. Kelly, William J. Matthews and Robert W. Nairn for advice on experimental design and the manuscript. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0211010, DEB-0608247) and the Oklahoma Dept of Wildlife Conservation (SWG T-10) and is a contribution to the program of the Oklahoma Biological Survey. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2012 VL 121 IS 3 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19380.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900HH UT WOS:000300877100010 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM Hoch, A AF Reddy, Michael M. Hoch, Anthony TI Calcium Carbonate Nucleation in an Alkaline Lake Surface Water, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA; Calcium carbonate; Nucleation; Calcium carbonate nucleation; Supersaturation; Mineral formation inhibition ID GROWTH-RATE; PH 8.8; PRECIPITATION; INHIBITION; CRYSTALLIZATION; SEDIMENTS; IONS; 25-DEGREES-C; MAGNESIUM; SPRINGS AB Calcium concentration and calcite supersaturation (Omega) needed for calcium carbonate nucleation and crystal growth in Pyramid Lake (PL) surface water were determined during August of 1997, 2000, and 2001. PL surface water has Omega values of 10-16. Notwithstanding high Omega, calcium carbonate growth did not occur on aragonite single crystals suspended PL surface water for several months. However, calcium solution addition to PL surface-water samples caused reproducible calcium carbonate mineral nucleation and crystal growth. Mean PL surface-water calcium concentration at nucleation was 2.33 mM (n = 10), a value about nine times higher than the ambient PL surface-water calcium concentration (0.26 mM); mean Omega at nucleation (109 with a standard deviation of 8) is about eight times the PL surface-water Omega. Calcium concentration and Omega regulated the calcium carbonate formation in PL nucleation experiments and surface water. Unfiltered samples nucleated at lower Omega than filtered samples. Calcium concentration and Omega at nucleation for experiments in the presence of added particles were within one standard deviation of the mean for all samples. Calcium carbonate formation rates followed a simple rate expression of the form, rate (mM/min) = A (Omega) + B. The best fit rate equation "Rate (Delta mM/Delta min) = -0.0026 Omega + 0.0175 (r = 0.904, n = 10)" was statistically significant at greater than the 0.01 confidence level and gives, after rearrangement, Omega at zero rate of 6.7. Nucleation in PL surface water and morphology of calcium carbonate particles formed in PL nucleation experiments and in PL surface-water samples suggest crystal growth inhibition by multiple substances present in PL surface water mediates PL calcium carbonate formation, but there is insufficient information to determine the chemical nature of all inhibitors. C1 [Reddy, Michael M.; Hoch, Anthony] USGS, NRP, CB, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), USGS, NRP, CB, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 403, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov; tony.hoch@wy.nacdnet.net FU National Research Council-USGS; USGS, NRP FX The authors acknowledge help and encouragement of the PL Paiute Tribal Council and the PL Natural Resource Building staff during this work. Fieldwork was done with the assistance of David Fellenz (a USGS Volunteer, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI), Micaela Reddy (USGS Volunteer, Denver, CO), Julie Reddy (USGS Volunteer, Denver, CO), and Paul Schuster (USGS, NRP, CB, Boulder, CO). George Molino of Cutthroat Charters, Reno, NV, and Dan Mosley of the Pyramid Lake Piaute Tribe Environmental Department, Nixon, NV facilitated lake-water sampling logistics. Scott Charlton (USGS, NRP, BRR, CB, Denver, CO) assisted in data analysis and chemical speciation calculation. Charmaine Gunther (USGS, NRP, CB, Denver, CO) assisted in the preparation of the report. Review comments by David Parkhurst (USGS, NRP, CB, Denver, CO) and David Naftz (USGS, WRD, Salt Lake City, UT) and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved the manuscript. Anthony Hoch held a National Research Council-USGS Research Fellowship during this research. Funding for the work is by the USGS, NRP. The use of trade names and product names in this paper is for identification purposes only, and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s10498-011-9150-3 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 892IZ UT WOS:000300281200002 ER PT J AU Perry, G Bertoluci, J Bury, B Hansen, RW Jehle, R Measey, J Moon, BR Muths, E Zuffi, MAL AF Perry, Gad Bertoluci, Jaime Bury, Bruce Hansen, Robert W. Jehle, Robert Measey, John Moon, Brad R. Muths, Erin Zuffi, Marco A. L. TI THE "PEER" IN "PEER REVIEW" SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID GOLDEN-RULE C1 [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bertoluci, Jaime] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bury, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jehle, Robert] Univ Salford, Salford, Greater Manches, England. [Measey, John] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Moon, Brad R.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Museum Nat Hist, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Perry, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM gad.perry@ttu.edu RI Bertoluci, Jaime/C-2824-2012; Measey, G John/F-2028-2010 OI Measey, G John/0000-0001-9939-7615 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD MAR PY 2012 VL 68 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 889MM UT WOS:000300077800001 ER PT J AU Eberts, SM Bohlke, JK Kauffman, LJ Jurgens, BC AF Eberts, S. M. Boehlke, J. K. Kauffman, L. J. Jurgens, B. C. TI Comparison of particle-tracking and lumped-parameter age-distribution models for evaluating vulnerability of production wells to contamination SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater age; Contamination; Numerical modeling; Water supply; USA ID GROUNDWATER AGE; TRACER DATA; NOBLE-GASES; TRANSPORT; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; AQUIFER; SYSTEMS; TRITIUM; WATER; HE-3 AB Environmental age tracers have been used in various ways to help assess vulnerability of drinking-water production wells to contamination. The most appropriate approach will depend on the information that is available and that which is desired. To understand how the well will respond to changing nonpoint-source contaminant inputs at the water table, some representation of the distribution of groundwater ages in the well is needed. Such information for production wells is sparse and difficult to obtain, especially in areas lacking detailed field studies. In this study, age distributions derived from detailed groundwater-flow models with advective particle tracking were compared with those generated from lumped-parameter models to examine conditions in which estimates from simpler, less resource-intensive lumped-parameter models could be used in place of estimates from particle-tracking models. In each of four contrasting hydrogeologic settings in the USA, particle-tracking and lumped-parameter models yielded roughly similar age distributions and largely indistinguishable contaminant trends when based on similar conceptual models and calibrated to similar tracer data. Although model calibrations and predictions were variably affected by tracer limitations and conceptual ambiguities, results illustrated the importance of full age distributions, rather than apparent tracer ages or model mean ages, for trend analysis and forecasting. C1 [Eberts, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kauffman, L. J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Jurgens, B. C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Eberts, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM smeberts@usgs.gov OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program; USGS National Research Program FX Groundwater-flow models with particle tracking described in this paper were constructed by K. Burow, B. Clark, C. Crandall, and J. Starn. This work was funded by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and the USGS National Research Program. Manuscript reviews by C. T. Green, L.N. Plummer, C.S. Bayari, and several anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 76 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 263 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s10040-011-0810-6 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 896QH UT WOS:000300584200004 ER PT J AU Maestre, FT Castillo-Monroy, AP Bowker, MA Ochoa-Hueso, R AF Maestre, Fernando T. Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P. Bowker, Matthew A. Ochoa-Hueso, Raul TI Species richness effects on ecosystem multifunctionality depend on evenness, composition and spatial pattern SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biological soil crusts; community attributes; ecosystem functioning; lichens; nutrient cycling; plant-soil (below-ground) interactions; spatial pattern; species evenness ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; MODEL GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; LICHEN COMMUNITIES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; DIVERSITY AB 1. Recent studies have suggested that the simultaneous maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) is positively supported by species richness. However, little is known regarding the relative importance of other community attributes (e.g. spatial pattern, species evenness) as drivers of multifunctionality. 2. We conducted two microcosm experiments using model biological soil crust communities dominated by lichens to: (i) evaluate the joint effects and relative importance of changes in species composition, spatial pattern (clumped and random distribution of lichens), evenness (maximal and low evenness) and richness (from two to eight species) on soil functions related to nutrient cycling (beta-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase enzymes, in situ N availability, total N, organic C, and Nfixation), and (ii) assess how these community attributes affect multifunctionality. 3. Species richness, composition and spatial pattern affected multiple ecosystem functions (e. g. organic C, total N, Navailability, beta-glucosidase activity), albeit the magnitude and direction of their effects varied with the particular function, experiment and soil depth considered. Changes in species composition had effects on organic C, total N and the activity of beta-glucosidase. Significant species richness x evenness and spatial pattern x evenness interactions were found when analysing functions such as organic C, total N and the activity of phosphatase. 4. The probability of sustaining multiple ecosystem functions increased with species richness, but this effect was largely modulated by attributes such as species evenness, composition and spatial pattern. Overall, we found that model communities with high species richness, random spatial pattern and low evenness increased multifunctionality. 5. Synthesis. Our results illustrate how different community attributes have a diverse impact on ecosystem functions related to nutrient cycling, and provide new experimental evidence illustrating the importance of the spatial pattern of organisms on ecosystem functioning. They also indicate that species richness is not the only biotic driver of multifunctionality, and that particular combinations of community attributes may be required to maximize it. C1 [Maestre, Fernando T.; Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Bowker, Matthew A.] No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ochoa-Hueso, Raul] CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Maestre, FT (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. EM fernando.maestre@urjc.es RI Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Ochoa-Hueso, Raul/K-1113-2016 OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Ochoa-Hueso, Raul/0000-0002-1839-6926 FU Fundacion BBVA [BIOCON06/105]; British Ecological Society [231/607]; European Research Council under the European Community [242658] FX We thank A. Escudero, I. Martinez, P. Alonso, P. Garcia-Palacios, E. Polaina, A. Gallardo, S. Soliveres, M. D. Puche, Y. Valinani, C. Escolar, E. Barahona, S. Beltran de Guevara, C. Iriarte, J. Margalet, C. Diaz, R. Sendra, B. Paredes, M. Berdugo and I. Conde for their invaluable help during the development of this work. We also thank N. J. Gotelli, A. Escudero, R. Garcia-Salguero, M. Goberna, R. Lazaro, L. Garcia-Sancho, R. Bardgett and two reviewers for stimulating discussions and valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript. APCM was supported by a Studentship from the Fundacion BBVA (BIOCON06/105 grant). This research was funded by the British Ecological Society (Early Career Project Grant 231/607) and by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme 9FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no 242658 (BIOCOM). The use of trade, product or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 73 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 18 U2 153 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 100 IS 2 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01918.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 895MR UT WOS:000300500800003 ER PT J AU Gurung, AB von Dach, SW Price, MF Aspinall, R Balsiger, J Baron, JS Sharma, E Greenwood, G Kohler, T AF Gurung, Astrid Bjornsen von Dach, Susanne Wymann Price, Martin F. Aspinall, Richard Balsiger, Joerg Baron, Jill S. Sharma, Eklabya Greenwood, Greg Kohler, Thomas TI Global Change and the World's Mountains-Research Needs and Emerging Themes for Sustainable Development A Synthesis From the 2010 Perth II Conference SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Mountains; global change; state of the art in research; emerging themes; social-ecological systems; Global Land Project (GLP); Grand Challenges (ICSU); sustainable development AB The conference on Global Change and the World's Mountains held in Perth, Scotland, in 2010 offered a unique opportunity to analyze the state and progress of mountain research and its contribution to sustainable mountain development, as well as to reflect on required reorientations of research agendas. In this paper we provide the results of a three-step assessment of the research presented by 450 researchers from around the world. First, we determined the state of the art of mountain research and categorized it based on the analytical structure of the Global Land Project (GLP 2005). Second, we identified emerging themes for future research. Finally, we assessed the contribution of mountain research to sustainable development along the lines of the Grand Challenges in Global Sustainability Research (International Council for Science 2010). Analysis revealed that despite the growing recognition of the importance of more integrative research (inter- and transdisciplinary), the research community gathered in Perth still focuses on environmental drivers of change and on interactions within ecological systems. Only a small percentage of current research seeks to enhance understanding of social systems and of interactions between social and ecological systems. From the ecological systems perspective, a greater effort is needed to disentangle and assess different drivers of change and to investigate impacts on the rendering of ecosystem services. From the social systems perspective, significant shortcomings remain in understanding the characteristics, trends, and impacts of human movements to, within, and out of mountain areas as a form of global change. Likewise, sociocultural drivers affecting collective behavior as well as incentive systems devised by policy and decision makers are little understood and require more in-depth investigation. Both the complexity of coupled social-ecological systems and incomplete data sets hinder integrated systems research. Increased understanding of linkages and feedbacks between social and ecological systems will help to identify nonlinearities and thresholds (tipping points) in both system types. This presupposes effective collaboration between ecological and social sciences. Reflections on the Grand Challenges in Sustainability Research put forth by the International Council for Science (2010) reveal the need to intensify research on effective responses and innovations. This will help to achieve sustainable development in mountain regions while maintaining the core competence of mountain research in forecasting and observation. C1 [Gurung, Astrid Bjornsen; Greenwood, Greg] Mt Res Initiat MRI, Bern, Switzerland. [Gurung, Astrid Bjornsen] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Mt Res, Innsbruck, Austria. [von Dach, Susanne Wymann; Kohler, Thomas] Univ Bern, CDE, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Price, Martin F.] Univ Highlands & Isl, Ctr Mt Studies, Perth Coll, Inverness, Scotland. [Aspinall, Richard] James Hutton Inst, Dundee, Scotland. [Balsiger, Joerg] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sharma, Eklabya] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Gurung, AB (reprint author), Mt Res Initiat MRI, Bern, Switzerland. EM astrid.bjoernsen@giub.unibe.ch RI Balsiger, Jorg/B-6273-2009; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Balsiger, Jorg/0000-0001-5401-1723; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU MOUNTAIN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PI LAWRENCE PA BUSINESS OFFICE, 810 E 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044-8897 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 SU 1 BP S47 EP S54 DI 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00084.S1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 896YQ UT WOS:000300607800006 ER PT J AU Piatak, NM Seal, RR AF Piatak, Nadine M. Seal, Robert R., II TI Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; BASE-METAL; STABILITY; PYROXENE; RELEASE; SMELTER; OXYGEN AB The Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site in southeastern Pennsylvania, which features an Fe smelter that was operational in the 18th and 19th centuries, is dominated by three slag piles. Pile 1 slag, from the Hopewell Furnace, and pile 2 slag, likely from the nearby Cornwall Furnace, were both produced in cold-blast charcoal-fired smelters. In contrast, pile 3 slag was produced in an anthracite furnace. Ore samples from the nearby Jones and Hopewell mines that fed the smelter are mainly magnetite-rich with some sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite) and accessory silicates (quartz, garnet, feldspar, and clay minerals). Slag piles 1 and 2 are similar mineralogically containing predominantly skeletal and dendritic aluminian diopside and augite, skeletal forsteritic olivine, glass, rounded blebs of metallic Fe, and exotic quartz. Olivine is a major phase in all samples from pile 2, whereas it occurs in only a few samples from pile 1. Samples of the <2 mm-size fraction of surface composite slag material or crushed slag from at depth in piles 1 and 2 are mineralogically similar to the large surface slag fragments from those piles with the addition of phases such as feldspars, Fe oxides, and clay minerals that are either secondary weathering products or entrained from the underlying bedrock. Pile 3 slag contains mostly skeletal forsteritic olivine and Ti-bearing aluminian diopside, dendritic or fine-grained subhedral melilite, glass, euhedral spinel, metallic Fe, alabandite-oldhamite solid solution, as well as a sparse Ti carbonitride phase. The bulk chemistry of the slag is dominated by Al2O3 (8.5-16.2 wt.%), CaO (8.2-26.2 wt.%), MgO (4.2-24.7 wt.%), and SiO2 (36.4-59.8 wt.%), constituting between 81% and 97% of the mass of the samples. Piles 1 and 2 are chemically similar; pile 1 slag overall contains the highest Fe2O3, K2O and MnO, and the lowest MgO concentrations. Pile 3 slag is high in Al2O3, CaO and S, and low in Fe2O3, K2O and SiO2 compared to the other piles. In general, piles 1 and 2 are chemically similar to each other, whereas pile 3 is distinct a conclusion that reflects their mineralogy. The similarities and differences among piles in terms of mineralogy and major element chemistry result from the different smelting conditions under which the slag formed and include the fuel source, the composition of the ore and flux, the type of blast (cold versus hot), which affects the furnace temperature, and other beneficiation methods. The three distinct slag piles at Hopewell are enriched in numerous trace elements, such as As (up to 12 mg/kg), Cd (up to 0.4 mg/kg), Co (up to 31.8 mg/kg), Cu (up to 647 mg/kg), Mn (up to 0.69 wt.%), Pb (up to 172 mg/kg) and Zn (up to 393 mg/kg), together with Fe (13.9 wt.%), when compared to the average for the continental crust, with the <2 mm-size fraction commonly containing the highest concentrations. Enrichments in various elements (e.g., Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) were also found in the ore samples. Despite these enrichments, comparison of bulk chemistry trace-element concentrations to the environmental guidelines suggests most elements are likely not problematic with the exception of As, Co, Fe and Mn. Leachate tests that simulate weathering indicate Fe (up to 973 mu g/L) and Mn (up to 133 mu g/L) are readily released in potentially harmful concentrations compared to secondary drinking water and some aquatic ecosystem toxicity criteria. Aluminum and Cu, although not high in the solid compared to environmental guidelines, also exceed relevant criteria in leachate extracts with maximum concentrations of 2700 mu g/L and 17.7 mu g/L, respectively. In contrast, As and Co, which are significant in the solids, are not leached in concentrations that exceed guidelines (i.e., 3 mu g/L or less for both elements). The weathering rates of the Fe metal and Fe oxides, which host Cu and some Fe, are likely higher than the silicate glass, which hosts the majority of Al, Mn and some Fe, and the crystalline silicates and spinels affecting which elements and how much are released into the environment and surrounding aquatic ecosystem. The mineral assemblages and their chemical composition, the bulk sample chemistry, and leachability of trace elements are all important components in understanding the potential environmental impacts of the slag piles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Piatak, Nadine M.; Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Piatak, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM npiatak@usgs.gov FU NPS/USGS FX The authors would like to thank Ronald Sloto, Arthur Lilienthal, Jane M. Hammarstrom, all of the USGS, and Denise M. Levitan, of Virginia Tech for their assistance in sample collection. Gregory Kolous of Kutztown University provided the Jones ore samples. We would also like to thanks the NPS/USGS Water Quality Partnership Program for partially funding the work. Harvey Belkin of the USGS provided guidance on the SEM and electron microprobe operations. Ronald Sloto (USGS) and Matthew Kierstead (PAL Inc.) both provided insight into historical aspects of the site. The manuscript benefited from reviews by Avery Drake (USGS), Kathy Rankin (USGS), Ruth Schulte (USGS), Ronald Sloto (USGS), Vojtech Ettler (Charles University), and an anonymous referee. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 623 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.011 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 894CA UT WOS:000300403400009 ER PT J AU Szabo, Z dePaul, VT Fischer, JM Kraemer, TF Jacobsen, E AF Szabo, Zoltan dePaul, Vincent T. Fischer, Jeffrey M. Kraemer, Thomas F. Jacobsen, Eric TI Occurrence and geochemistry of radium in water from principal drinking-water aquifer systems of the United States SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TH-SERIES NUCLIDES; NATURAL-WATERS; ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; ORE-DEPOSITS; GROSS-ALPHA; NEW-MEXICO; U-SERIES; URANIUM AB A total of 1270 raw-water samples (before treatment) were collected from 15 principal and other major aquifer systems (PAs) used for drinking water in 45 states in all major physiographic provinces of the USA and analyzed for concentrations of the Ra isotopes Ra-224, Ra-226 and Ra-228 establishing the framework for evaluating Ra occurrence. The US Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 0.185 Bq/L (5 pCi/L) for combined Ra (Ra-226 plus Ra-228) for drinking water was exceeded in 4.02% (39 of 971) of samples for which both Ra-226 and Ra-228 were determined, or in 3.15% (40 of 1266) of the samples in which at least one isotope concentration (Ra-226 or Ra-228) was determined. The maximum concentration of combined Ra was 0.755 Bq/L (20.4 pCi/L) in water from the North Atlantic Coastal Plain quartzose sand aquifer system. All the exceedences of the MCL for combined Ra occurred in water samples from the following 7 PAs (in order of decreasing relative frequency of occurrence): the Midcontinent and Ozark Plateau Cambro-Ordovician dolomites and sandstones, the North Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Floridan, the crystalline rocks (granitic, metamorphic) of New England, the Mesozoic basins of the Appalachian Piedmont, the Gulf Coastal Plain, and the glacial sands and gravels (highest concentrations in New England). The concentration of Ra was consistently controlled by geochemical properties of the aquifer systems, with the highest concentrations most likely to be present where, as a consequence of the geochemical environment, adsorption of the Ra was slightly decreased. The result is a slight relative increase in Ra mobility, especially notable in aquifers with poor sorptive capacity (Fe-oxide-poor quartzose sands and carbonates), even if Ra is not abundant in the aquifer solids. The most common occurrence of elevated Ra throughout the USA occurred in anoxic water (low dissolved-O-2) with high concentrations of Fe or Mn, and in places, high concentrations of the competing ions Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr, and occasionally of dissolved solids, K, SO4 and HCO3. The other water type to frequently contain elevated concentrations of the Ra radioisotopes was acidic (low pH), and had in places, high concentrations of NO3 and other acid anions, and on occasion, of the competing divalent cations, Mn and Al. One or the other of these broad water types was commonly present in each of the PAs in which elevated concentrations of combined Ra occurred. Concentrations of Ra-226 or Ra-228 or combined Ra correlated significantly with those of the above listed water-quality constituents (on the basis of the non-parametric Spearman correlation technique) and loaded on principal components describing the above water types from the entire data set and for samples from the PAs with the highest combined Ra concentrations. Concentrations of Ra-224 and Ra-226 were significantly correlated to those of Ra-228 (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, +0.236 and +0.326, respectively). Activity ratios of Ra-224/Ra-228 in the water samples were mostly near 1 when concentrations of both isotopes were greater than or equal to 0.037 Bq/L (1 pCi/L), the level above which analytical results were most reliable. Co-occurrence among these highest concentrations of the Ra radionuclides was most likely in those PAs where chemical conditions are most conducive to Ra mobility (e.g. acidic North Atlantic Coastal Plain). The concentrations of Ra-224 were occasionally greater than 0.037 Bq/L and the ratios of Ra-224/Ra-228 were generally highest in the PAs composed of alluvial sands and Cretaceous/Tertiary sandstones from the western USA, likely because concentrations of Ra-224 are enhanced in solution relative to those of Ra-228 by alpha recoil from the aquifer matrix. Rapid adsorption of the two Ra isotopes (controlled by the alkaline and oxic aquifer geochemistry) combined with preferential faster recoil of Ra-224 generates a Ra-224/Ra-228 ratio much greater than 1. The Ra-228/Ra-226 activity ratio was locally variable, and was generally lower than 1 (Ra-226 rich) in samples from PAs with carbonate bedrock, but was typically greater than 1 (Ra-228 rich) in PAs composed of unconsolidated sand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Zoltan; dePaul, Vincent T.; Fischer, Jeffrey M.; Jacobsen, Eric] US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Kraemer, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd W, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) FX Members of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Radionuclide Rule Assessment Team, led by David Huber, were instrumental in providing support and discussion regarding Ra occurrence information and implications for water utilities; further assistance and insight from USEPA was provided by Miguel del Toral, Francine St. Denis, Dan Mackney, Marcel Belaval, Samuel Hernandez, and Keara Moore. Barker Hamill, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, obtained perspective from, and provided information to, the Drinking-Water Administrators of various states and to public supply utility management teams regarding health risk from 224Ra in drinking water, and has been a ceaseless advocate for testing water supplies, including private wells. Michael Yurewicz, Wayne Lapham, and William Wilbur of the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program provided crucial liaison and technical support. Ann H. Mullin of the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory and David McCurdy of Duke Engineering Services helped coordinate the laboratory analyses, especially the alpha-spectrometric analyses for determination of 224Ra concentrations. Richard Bell assisted with use of the Oracle NAWQA database information system. USGS colleagues Michael Focazio and George Bennett provided helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript, and Gary Rowe, John Wilson, Tracy Hancock, and Neil Dubrovsky provided additional discussions and insight. The authors thank colleagues from USGS Water Science Centers for collecting samples for Ra analysis. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only, and does not constitute endorsement by the United States government. Additional information regarding this and other USGS studies regarding the occurrence of Ra can be obtained on the world-wide-web at http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/trace/radium. NR 106 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 729 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.11.002 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 894CA UT WOS:000300403400017 ER PT J AU Ackleh, AS Carter, J Deng, K Huang, QH Pal, N Yang, X AF Ackleh, Azmy S. Carter, Jacoby Deng, Keng Huang, Qihua Pal, Nabendu Yang, Xing TI Fitting a Structured Juvenile-Adult Model for Green Tree Frogs to Population Estimates from Capture-Mark-Recapture Field Data SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Capture-mark-recapture method; Juvenile-adult model; Age and size structure; Parameter estimation; Finite difference approximation; Least-squares approach ID HYLA-CINEREA; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DECLINES; EXTINCTIONS; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA; GROWTH; SIZE AB We derive point and interval estimates for an urban population of green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea) from capture-mark-recapture field data obtained during the years 2006-2009. We present an infinite-dimensional least-squares approach which compares a mathematical population model to the statistical population estimates obtained from the field data. The model is composed of nonlinear first-order hyperbolic equations describing the dynamics of the amphibian population where individuals are divided into juveniles (tadpoles) and adults (frogs). To solve the least-squares problem, an explicit finite difference approximation is developed. Convergence results for the computed parameters are presented. Parameter estimates for the vital rates of juveniles and adults are obtained, and standard deviations for these estimates are computed. Numerical results for the model sensitivity with respect to these parameters are given. Finally, the above-mentioned parameter estimates are used to illustrate the long-time behavior of the population under investigation. C1 [Ackleh, Azmy S.; Deng, Keng; Huang, Qihua; Pal, Nabendu; Yang, Xing] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ackleh, AS (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM ackleh@louisiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0718465, DUE-0531915] FX This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant # DMS-0718465 and the work of A.S. Ackleh is also supported by the National Science Foundation under grant # DUE-0531915. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 641 EP 665 DI 10.1007/s11538-011-9682-0 PG 25 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 892VD UT WOS:000300312800006 PM 21993950 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Kennen, JG Mabe, JA Mize, SV AF Miller, Matthew P. Kennen, Jonathan G. Mabe, Jeffrey A. Mize, Scott V. TI Temporal trends in algae, benthic invertebrate, and fish assemblages in streams and rivers draining basins of varying land use in the south-central United States, 1993-2007 SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Trends; Multivariate; Land use; Algae; Benthic invertebrates; Fish ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; PERIPHYTON AB Site-specific temporal trends in algae, benthic invertebrate, and fish assemblages were investigated in 15 streams and rivers draining basins of varying land use in the south-central United States from 1993-2007. A multivariate approach was used to identify sites with statistically significant trends in aquatic assemblages which were then tested for correlations with assemblage metrics and abiotic environmental variables (climate, water quality, streamflow, and physical habitat). Significant temporal trends in one or more of the aquatic assemblages were identified at more than half (eight of 15) of the streams in the study. Assemblage metrics and abiotic environmental variables found to be significantly correlated with aquatic assemblages differed between land use categories. For example, algal assemblages at undeveloped sites were associated with physical habitat, while algal assemblages at more anthropogenically altered sites (agricultural and urban) were associated with nutrient and streamflow metrics. In urban stream sites results indicate that streamflow metrics may act as important controls on water quality conditions, as represented by aquatic assemblage metrics. The site-specific identification of biotic trends and abiotic-biotic relations presented here will provide valuable information that can inform interpretation of continued monitoring data and the design of future studies. In addition, the subsets of abiotic variables identified as potentially important drivers of change in aquatic assemblages provide policy makers and resource managers with information that will assist in the design and implementation of monitoring programs aimed at the protection of aquatic resources. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Mabe, Jeffrey A.; Mize, Scott V.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many dedicated United States Geological Survey colleagues who acquired the samples that were used in this study. Reviews by A. Brasher, D. Sullivan, and two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. S. Boyack provided assistance with the generation of Figure 1. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2012 VL 684 IS 1 BP 15 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0950-7 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 893BF UT WOS:000300329600002 ER PT J AU Logan, ML Montgomery, CE Boback, SM Reed, RN Campbell, JA AF Logan, Michael L. Montgomery, Chad E. Boback, Scott M. Reed, Robert N. Campbell, Jonathan A. TI Divergence in morphology, but not habitat use, despite low genetic differentiation among insular populations of the lizard Anolis lemurinus in Honduras SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anolis; Bay Islands; Cayos Cochinos; competition; dewlap; island biogeography; Norops; phenotypic plasticity; predation; selection ID DEWLAP SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CARIBBEAN ANOLES; DARWINS FINCHES; PERFORMANCE; CAROLINENSIS; ISLANDS; DIVERSIFICATION; COADAPTATION; COMPETITION AB Studies of recently isolated populations are useful because observed differences can often be attributed to current environmental variation. Two populations of the lizard Anolis lemurinus have been isolated on the islands of Cayo Menor and Cayo Mayor in the Cayos Cochinos Archipelago of Honduras for less than 15 000 y. We measured 12 morphometric and 10 habitat-use variables on 220 lizards across these islands in 2 y, 2008 and 2009. The goals of our study were (1) to explore patterns of sexual dimorphism, and (2) to test the hypothesis that differences in environment among islands may have driven divergence in morphology and habitat use despite genetic homogeneity among populations. Although we found no differences among sexes in habitat use, males had narrower pelvic girdles and longer toe pads on both islands. Between islands, males differed in morphology, but neither males nor females differed in habitat use. Our data suggest that either recent selection has operated differentially on males despite low genetic differentiation, or that they display phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental variation. We suggest that patterns may be driven by variation in intrapopulation density or differences in predator diversity among islands. C1 [Logan, Michael L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Montgomery, Chad E.] Truman State Univ, Dept Biol, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. [Boback, Scott M.] Dickinson Coll, Dept Biol, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Campbell, Jonathan A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76010 USA. RP Logan, ML (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 54 Coll St, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM michael.l.logan@dartmouth.edu FU Operation Wallacea; East Texas Herpetological Society; Phi Sigma FX Our methodologies were approved by the University of Texas-Arlington Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol A08.023). Funding for this project was provided by Operation Wallacea, the East Texas Herpetological Society, and Phi Sigma. We would like to thank D. Manier, B. Smith, R. Cox and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on drafts of the manuscript. This project would not have been possible without the assistance of the Honduran Coral Reef Foundation, S. Green, J. Frazier, A. Oviedo, A. Cubas, T. Coles, J. Saunders, A. Tozer, T. McLaughlin, P. Muellman, C. Cox, J. Meik, J. Robinson, D. Formanowicz, A. Ives, M. Haughey, M. Overstrom-Coleman, R. Logan and J. Logan. Lastly, we would like to thank B. McCowan, L. Jacobson and the people of East End, Cayo Mayor, for their wonderful hospitality and support. Any mention of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement from the US Government. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 28 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1017/S0266467411000745 PN 2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 892AB UT WOS:000300257300010 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Fedy, BC Oyler-McCance, SJ Garey, AL Emel, SL Mumma, M Wagner, HH Fortin, MJ Cushman, SA AF Landguth, Erin L. Fedy, Bradley C. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Garey, Andrew L. Emel, Sarah L. Mumma, Matthew Wagner, Helene H. Fortin, Marie-Josee Cushman, Samuel A. TI Effects of sample size, number of markers, and allelic richness on the detection of spatial genetic pattern SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE causal modelling; cdpop; isolation-by-barrier; isolation-by-distance; isolation-by-landscape resistance; partial Mantel test; sampling; simulation modelling ID ROE DEER POPULATION; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MANTEL TEST; FLOW; RESISTANCE; REGRESSION; INFERENCE; SURFACES; TIME AB The influence of study design on the ability to detect the effects of landscape pattern on gene flow is one of the most pressing methodological gaps in landscape genetic research. To investigate the effect of study design on landscape genetics inference, we used a spatially-explicit, individual-based program to simulate gene flow in a spatially continuous population inhabiting a landscape with gradual spatial changes in resistance to movement. We simulated a wide range of combinations of number of loci, number of alleles per locus and number of individuals sampled from the population. We assessed how these three aspects of study design influenced the statistical power to successfully identify the generating process among competing hypotheses of isolation-by-distance, isolation-by-barrier, and isolation-by-landscape resistance using a causal modelling approach with partial Mantel tests. We modelled the statistical power to identify the generating process as a response surface for equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions after introduction of isolation-by-landscape resistance. All three variables (loci, alleles and sampled individuals) affect the power of causal modelling, but to different degrees. Stronger partial Mantel r correlations between landscape distances and genetic distances were found when more loci were used and when loci were more variable, which makes comparisons of effect size between studies difficult. Number of individuals did not affect the accuracy through mean equilibrium partial Mantel r, but larger samples decreased the uncertainty (increasing the precision) of equilibrium partial Mantel r estimates. We conclude that amplifying more (and more variable) loci is likely to increase the power of landscape genetic inferences more than increasing number of individuals. C1 [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.; Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Garey, Andrew L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, VCU Rice Ctr, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Emel, Sarah L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mumma, Matthew] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wagner, Helene H.; Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Cushman, Samuel A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu RI Wagner, Helene/E-6090-2011; OI Wagner, Helene/0000-0001-6261-5922; Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0553768, DGE-0504628]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Forest Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work resulted from a Distributed Graduate Seminar (Developing Best Practices for Testing Landscape Effects on Gene Flow), conducted through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a centre funded by the National Science Foundation grant #EF-0553768, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. E. L. L. was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the National Science Foundation grant #DGE-0504628. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank L. Waits and M. Murphy for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03077.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 887MA UT WOS:000299930300010 ER PT J AU Liu, D Dong, H Bishop, ME Zhang, J Wang, H Xie, S Wang, S Huang, L Eberl, DD AF Liu, D. Dong, H. Bishop, M. E. Zhang, J. Wang, H. Xie, S. Wang, S. Huang, L. Eberl, D. D. TI Microbial reduction of structural iron in interstratified illite-smectite minerals by a sulfate-reducing bacterium SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CLAY-MINERALS; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; QUANTITATIVE ASSAY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; KEY ROLE; FE(III); NONTRONITE; OXIDE; OXIDATION AB Clay minerals are ubiquitous in soils, sediments, and sedimentary rocks and could coexist with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in anoxic environments, however, the interactions of clay minerals and SRB are not well understood. The objective of this study was to understand the reduction rate and capacity of structural Fe(III) in dioctahedral clay minerals by a mesophilic SRB, Desulfovibrio vulgaris and the potential role in catalyzing smectite illitization. Bioreduction experiments were performed in batch systems, where four different clay minerals (nontronite NAu-2, mixed-layer illite-smectite RAr-1 and ISCz-1, and illite IMt-1) were exposed to D.vulgaris in a non-growth medium with and without anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) and sulfate. Our results demonstrated that D.vulgaris was able to reduce structural Fe(III) in these clay minerals, and AQDS enhanced the reduction rate and extent. In the presence of AQDS, sulfate had little effect on Fe(III) bioreduction. In the absence of AQDS, sulfate increased the reduction rate and capacity, suggesting that sulfide produced during sulfate reduction reacted with the phyllosilicate Fe(III). The extent of bioreduction of structural Fe(III) in the clay minerals was positively correlated with the percentage of smectite and mineral surface area of these minerals. X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy results confirmed formation of illite after bioreduction. These data collectively showed that D.vulgaris could promote smectite illitization through reduction of structural Fe(III) in clay minerals. C1 [Liu, D.; Dong, H.; Wang, H.; Xie, S.] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Dong, H.; Bishop, M. E.; Zhang, J.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Wang, S.; Huang, L.] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Eberl, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dong, H (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM dongh@cug.edu.cn; wanghmei04@163.com RI Bishop, Michael/K-7622-2012; Xie, Shucheng/E-6713-2011 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB808800]; China University of Geosciences-Wuhan; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0005333]; NSF [EAR-0722807] FX We are thankful to Alex E. Blum and Mario Guzman at USGS for their technical help on XRD analysis. This work was supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB808800), Dong's startup grant from China University of Geosciences-Wuhan, and the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR) Program, Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (No. DE-SC0005333). The JEOL 2100 TEM used in this study was supported by NSF grant EAR-0722807. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD MAR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00307.x PG 13 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 887PW UT WOS:000299941800004 PM 22074236 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Howard, DM Wylie, BK Zhang, L AF Gu, Yingxin Howard, Daniel M. Wylie, Bruce K. Zhang, Li TI Mapping carbon flux uncertainty and selecting optimal locations for future flux towers in the Great Plains SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Net ecosystem production (NEP); Regression tree models; Extrapolation; Mean absolute difference; Flux tower location; Great Plains ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COMBINING MODIS; AMERIFLUX DATA; CO2 FLUX; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; RESPIRATION AB Flux tower networks (e.g., AmeriFlux, Agriflux) provide continuous observations of ecosystem exchanges of carbon (e.g., net ecosystem exchange), water vapor (e.g., evapotranspiration), and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The long-term time series of flux tower data are essential for studying and understanding terrestrial carbon cycles, ecosystem services, and climate changes. Currently, there are 13 flux towers located within the Great Plains (GP). The towers are sparsely distributed and do not adequately represent the varieties of vegetation cover types, climate conditions, and geophysical and biophysical conditions in the GP. This study assessed how well the available flux towers represent the environmental conditions or "ecological envelopes" across the GP and identified optimal locations for future flux towers in the GP. Regression-based remote sensing and weather-driven net ecosystem production (NEP) models derived from different extrapolation ranges (10 and 50%) were used to identify areas where ecological conditions were poorly represented by the flux tower sites and years previously used for mapping grassland fluxes. The optimal lands suitable for future flux towers within the GP were mapped. Results from this study provide information to optimize the usefulness of future flux towers in the GP and serve as a proxy for the uncertainty of the NEP map. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044]; USGS FX This work was performed under USGS contracts G08PC91508 and G10PC00044, and funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels initiative. The authors thank Norman B. Bliss, Kurtis Nelson, Lei Ji, and Thomas Adamson for their valuable suggestions and comments. The authors thank Tagir G. Gilmanov for gap filling of flux tower NEP data. The authors thank D. Billesbach, C. Owensby, and J. Heilman (the PIs of the Gudmundsen, Rannels Flint Hills, Fort Reno, and Freeman Ranch sites) for providing their unpublished flux tower data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9699-7 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 889QE UT WOS:000300087500001 ER PT J AU Parise, M Cannon, SH AF Parise, M. Cannon, S. H. TI Wildfire impacts on the processes that generate debris flows in burned watersheds SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Debris flows; Erosion; Hazards ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EROSIONAL PROCESSES; RAINFALL INTENSITY; NEW-MEXICO; FIRE; SOIL; SEDIMENT; COLORADO; USA; INFILTRATION AB Every year, and in many countries worldwide, wildfires cause significant damage and economic losses due to both the direct effects of the fires and the subsequent accelerated runoff, erosion, and debris flow. Wildfires can have profound effects on the hydrologic response of watersheds by changing the infiltration characteristics and erodibility of the soil, which leads to decreased rainfall infiltration, significantly increased overland flow and runoff in channels, and movement of soil. Debris-flow activity is among the most destructive consequences of these changes, often causing extensive damage to human infrastructure. Data from the Mediterranean area and Western United States of America help identify the primary processes that result in debris flows in recently burned areas. Two primary processes for the initiation of fire-related debris flows have been so far identified: (1) runoff-dominated erosion by surface overland flow; and (2) infiltration-triggered failure and mobilization of a discrete landslide mass. The first process is frequently documented immediately post-fire and leads to the generation of debris flows through progressive bulking of storm runoff with sediment eroded from the hillslopes and channels. As sediment is incorporated into water, runoff can convert to debris flow. The conversion to debris flow may be observed at a position within a drainage network that appears to be controlled by threshold values of upslope contributing area and its gradient. At these locations, sufficient eroded material has been incorporated, relative to the volume of contributing surface runoff, to generate debris flows. Debris flows have also been generated from burned basins in response to increased runoff by water cascading over a steep, bedrock cliff, and incorporating material from readily erodible colluvium or channel bed. Post-fire debris flows have also been generated by infiltration-triggered landslide failures which then mobilize into debris flows. However, only 12% of documented cases exhibited this process. When they do occur, the landslide failures range in thickness from a few tens of centimeters to more than 6 m, and generally involve the soil and colluvium-mantled hillslopes. Surficial landslide failures in burned areas most frequently occur in response to prolonged periods of storm rainfall, or prolonged rainfall in combination with rapid snowmelt or rain-on-snow events. C1 [Parise, M.] IRPI, Natl Res Council Italy, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Cannon, S. H.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Parise, M (reprint author), IRPI, Natl Res Council Italy, Via Amendola 122-I, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM m.parise@ba.irpi.cnr.it; cannon@usgs.gov OI Parise, Mario/0000-0003-0873-5303 NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9769-9 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 887TW UT WOS:000299954400015 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Dean, K Peterson, R Steffke, A Harrild, M Groves, J AF Webley, P. W. Dean, K. Peterson, R. Steffke, A. Harrild, M. Groves, J. TI Dispersion modeling of volcanic ash clouds: North Pacific eruptions, the past 40 years: 1970-2010 SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Polar regions; Volcanic ash; Dispersion modeling ID CLEVELAND; TRACKING; ALASKA AB Over the last 40 years, there have been numerous volcanic eruptions across the North Pacific (NOPAC) region that posed a potential threat to both local communities and transcontinental aircraft. The ability to detect these volcanic clouds using satellite remote sensing and predict their movement by dispersion modeling is a major component of hazard mitigation. The Puff volcanic ash transport and dispersion model, used by the Alaska Volcano Observatory, was used to illustrate the impact that these volcanic ash clouds have made across the NOPAC and entire Polar region over the past 40 years. Nearly, 400 separate ash clouds were analyzed that were either reported or detected to have reached above 6 km (20,000 ft) above sea level, an average of one ash cloud every 1.25 months. Particular events showed that ash clouds can be tracked from Alaska to Greenland (Crater Peak, Mount Spurr in 1992), from Kamchatka to Alaska (Kluvicheskoi Volcano in 1994), from Alaska to California (Mount Cleveland Volcano in 2001) and from multiple events within 1 day (Mount Augustine Volcano in 2006). This study showed the vast number of events that have impacted this Polar region and how tracking them is useful for hazard mitigation. C1 [Webley, P. W.; Dean, K.; Groves, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Peterson, R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Mech Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Steffke, A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Harrild, M.] Coventry Univ, Fac Business Environm & Soc, Dept Geog Environm & Disaster Management, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Arctic Region Supercomputer Center; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska; U.S. Geological Survey through the Alaska Volcano Observatory; Alaska Geological and Geophysical Surveys FX We thank Jonathan Dehn (UAF) and the AVO remote sensing group for their analysis and comments on the Puff time series analysis. This work was supported by the Arctic Region Supercomputer Center, the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska and the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the Volcano Hazards Program, through the Alaska Volcano Observatory, a collaborative effort of the USGS, University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Geological and Geophysical Surveys. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2012 VL 61 IS 2 BP 661 EP 671 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-0053-9 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 887UH UT WOS:000299955600020 ER PT J AU Millen, HT Gonnering, JC Berg, RK Spencer, SK Jokela, WE Pearce, JM Borchardt, JS Borchardt, MA AF Millen, Hana T. Gonnering, Jordan C. Berg, Ryan K. Spencer, Susan K. Jokela, William E. Pearce, John M. Borchardt, Jackson S. Borchardt, Mark A. TI Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Immunology; Issue 61; avian influenza virus; environmental sampling; Cryptosporidium; pathogen concentration; Salmonella; water; waterborne disease; waterborne pathogens AB The key first step in evaluating pathogen levels in suspected contaminated water is concentration. Concentration methods tend to be specific for a particular pathogen group, for example US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623 for Giardia and Cryptosporidium(1), which means multiple methods are required if the sampling program is targeting more than one pathogen group. Another drawback of current methods is the equipment can be complicated and expensive, for example the VIRADEL method with the 1MDS cartridge filter for concentrating viruses(2). In this article we describe how to construct glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne pathogens. After filter elution, the concentrate is amenable to a second concentration step, such as centrifugation, followed by pathogen detection and enumeration by cultural or molecular methods. The filters have several advantages. Construction is easy and the filters can be built to any size for meeting specific sampling requirements. The filter parts are inexpensive, making it possible to collect a large number of samples without severely impacting a project budget. Large sample volumes (100s to 1,000s L) can be concentrated depending on the rate of clogging from sample turbidity. The filters are highly portable and with minimal equipment, such as a pump and flow meter, they can be implemented in the field for sampling finished drinking water, surface water, groundwater, and agricultural runoff. Lastly, glass wool filtration is effective for concentrating a variety of pathogen types so only one method is necessary. Here we report on filter effectiveness in concentrating waterborne human enterovirus, Salmonella enterica, Cryptosporidium parvum, and avian influenza virus. C1 [Millen, Hana T.; Gonnering, Jordan C.; Borchardt, Jackson S.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Berg, Ryan K.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [Spencer, Susan K.; Jokela, William E.; Borchardt, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM mark.borchardt@ars.usda.gov FU US EPA STAR Grant [R831630]; USGS FX We thank William T. Eckert for narrating the video. Development of the glass wool protocol was part of the Wisconsin Water And Health Trial for Enteric Risks (WAHTER Study), funded by US EPA STAR Grant R831630. Alaska samples were collected by A. Reeves, A. Ramey, and B. Meixell with financial support from USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD MAR PY 2012 IS 61 AR e3930 DI 10.3791/3930 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36PF UT WOS:000209222800052 PM 22415031 ER PT J AU Garrison, VH Ward, G AF Garrison, Virginia H. Ward, Greg TI Transplantation of storm-generated coral fragments to enhance Caribbean coral reefs: A successful method but not a solution SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Acropora cervicornis; A. palmata; coral mortality; Porites porites; reef restoration; coral transplantation ID ACROPORA-PALMATA; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FORT-LAUDERDALE; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE; FLORIDA; CERVICORNIS; POPULATIONS AB In response to dramatic losses of reef-building corals and ongoing lack of recovery, a small-scale coral transplant project was initiated in the Caribbean (U.S. Virgin Islands) in 1999 and was followed for 12 years. The primary objectives were to (1) identify a source of coral colonies for transplantation that would not result in damage to reefs, (2) test the feasibility of transplanting storm-generated coral fragments, and (3) develop a simple, inexpensive method for transplanting fragments that could be conducted by the local community. The ultimate goal was to enhance abundance of threatened reef-building species on local reefs. Storm-produced coral fragments of two threatened reef-building species [Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis (Acroporidae)] and another fast-growing species [Porites porites (Poritidae)] were collected from environments hostile to coral fragment survival and transplanted to degraded reefs. Inert nylon cable ties were used to attach transplanted coral fragments to dead coral substrate. Survival of 75 reference colonies and 60 transplants was assessed over 12 years. Only 9% of colonies were alive after 12 years: no A. cervicornis; 3% of A. palmata transplants and 18% of reference colonies; and 13% of P. porites transplants and 7% of reference colonies. Mortality rates for all species were high and were similar for transplant and reference colonies. Physical dislodgement resulted in the loss of 56% of colonies, whereas 35% died in place. Only A. palmata showed a difference between transplant and reference colony survival and that was in the first year only. Location was a factor in survival only for A. palmata reference colonies and after year 10. Even though the tested methods and concepts were proven effective in the field over the 12-year study, they do not present a solution. No coral conservation strategy will be effective until underlying intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors driving high mortality rates are understood and mitigated or eliminated. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 1): 59-70. Epub 2012 March 01. C1 [Garrison, Virginia H.; Ward, Greg] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ward, Greg] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, South Florida Reg Lab, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. RP Garrison, VH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ginger_garrison@usgs.gov; greg.ward@MyFWC.com FU National Park Foundation; Canon U.S.A., Inc.; U.S. Geological Survey FX Thanks go to the National Park Foundation, Canon U.S.A., Inc., and the U.S. Geological Survey for funding the project and to Friends of Virgin Islands National Park, the Trust for Public Land, and Virgin Islands National Park for in-kind support. This research was conducted under NPS permits #VIIS-2002-SCI-0012 (VIIS-0217), VIIS-2004-SCI-0023 (VIIS-04020), and VIIS-2009-SCI-0009 (VIIS-09010). We are indebted to: M. Quade, B. Bremser-Nielsen, S. Caseau, D. Downs, J. Garrison, T. Kelley, E. Link, W. Stelzer, R. Waara, 70 community volunteers, and the Pine Peace School 5th- and 6th-grade science classes. Thanks to C. Rogers for insightful comments on project design, and to anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 60 SU 1 BP 59 EP 70 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 191RZ UT WOS:000322431600006 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Loegering, JP Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Loegering, John P. Andersen, David E. TI Spot-Mapping Underestimates Song-Territory Size and Use of Mature Forest by Breeding Golden-Winged Warblers in Minnesota, USA SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE golden-winged warbler; home range; Minnesota; radiotelemetry; song territory; spot-mapping; territory size; Vermivora chrysoptera AB Studies of songbird breeding habitat often compare habitat characteristics of used and unused areas. Although there is usually meticulous effort to precisely and consistently measure habitat characteristics, accuracy of methods for estimating which areas are used versus which are unused by birds remains generally untested. To examine accuracy of spot-mapping to identify singing territories of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera), which are considered an early successional forest specialists, we used spot-mapping and radiotelemetry to record song perches and delineate song territories for breeding male golden-winged warblers in northwestern Minnesota, USA. We also used radiotelemetry to record locations (song and nonsong perches) of a subsample (n = 12) of males throughout the day to delineate home ranges. We found that telemetry-based estimates of song territories were 3 times larger and included more mature forest than those estimated from spot-mapping. In addition, home ranges estimated using radiotelemetry included more mature forest than spot-mapping-and telemetry-based song territories, with 75% of afternoon perches located in mature forest. Our results suggest that mature forest comprises a larger component of golden-winged warbler song territories and home ranges than is indicated based on spot-mapping in Minnesota. Because it appears that standard observational methods can underestimate territory size and misidentify cover-type associations for golden-winged warblers, we caution that management and conservation plans may be misinformed, and that similar studies are needed for golden-winged warblers across their range and for other songbird species. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Loegering, John P.] Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish Wildlife Research Unit [87]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order number 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish Wildlife Research Unit with additional funding from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to the Goldenwinged Warbler Working Group. We extend our gratitude to A. Monroe, P. Skrade, J. Refsnider, and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, W. Brininger for logistical support, and J. Lehman, S. Peterson, T. McAllister, B. Hill, J. Bruggman, B. Haarstad, M. Johnson, and C. Hanson for assistance with field data collection. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1002/wsb.118 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000007 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR Teel, S Hall, LS Dye, LC Laughrin, LL AF Stanley, Thomas R. Teel, Susan Hall, Linnea S. Dye, Linda C. Laughrin, Lyndal L. TI Population Size of Island Loggerhead Shrikes on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Channel Islands; Island loggerhead shrike; Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi; population estimation; Santa Cruz Island; Santa Rosa Island AB Island loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi) are an endemic, genetically distinct subspecies of loggerhead shrike on California's Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands (USA). This subspecies is listed as a Species of Special Concern by the California Department of Fish and Game and has been petitioned for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act. The combination of suspected low numbers and the possibility of federal listing, prompted us to undertake a study to rigorously estimate the number of remaining individuals on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands. During the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons, we surveyed sample units on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands using a double-observer method with independent observers to estimate joint detection probabilities (p), where we selected units under a stratified random sampling design. We estimated shrike abundance to be 169 in 2009 (p = 0.476) and 240 in 2010 (p = 0.825) for Santa Rosa Island, and 35 in 2009 (p = 0.816) and 42 in 2010 (p = 0.710) for Santa Cruz Island. These numbers, especially for Santa Rosa Island, are higher than previously reported but nevertheless are still low. Rapid vegetation change on both islands due to recent removal of nonnative herbivores may threaten the habitat and status of this subspecies and, therefore, we suggest that intensive demographic and habitat use research be initiated immediately to obtain additional information vital for the management of this subspecies. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Teel, Susan] Natl Pk Serv, Southern Calif Res Learning Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Hall, Linnea S.] Western Fdn Vertebrate Zool, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Dye, Linda C.] Natl Pk Serv, Channel Isl Natl Pk, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Laughrin, Lyndal L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Nat Reserve Syst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stanleyt@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; Santa Monica Mountains Fund; Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology FX Vital to the success of the project were the over 100 volunteers who donated their expertise and many hours of their time. Special thanks are necessary for K. Bachman, R. Beck, B. Berahimi, M. Booker, P. Bryant, J. Carlson, S. Chaney, T. Coonan, R. Corado, L. Cuevas, J. Cunningham, N. de Roulhac, K. Delaney, D. Dewey, K. Faulkner, H. Fitting, R. Galipeau, A. Harris, E. Locke, M. Morales, J. Rempe, D. Richards, J. Roberts, R. Rudolph, K. Schallert, M. Senning, K. Smith, N. Todd, C. Villasenor, B. West, and I. Williams. We also thank California Department of Fish and Game, Channel Islands Aviation, Island Packers Company, Channel Islands National Park maintenance and other staff, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Ventura Ecological Services Office, Institute for Wildlife Studies, Montana Yellowstone Expeditions, Saguaro National Park, Santa Cruz Island Foundation, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Southern California Research Learning Center staff, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) for assistance, facilities, and access to land protected, owned, and managed by TNC on Santa Cruz Island, The University of California Santa Cruz Island Reserve, U.S. Navy San Clemente Island shrike project, and the U.S. Navy Santa Cruz Island. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the Santa Monica Mountains Fund (research assistance and logistical support), and the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology (monetary and in-kind support). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1002/wsb.108 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000010 ER PT J AU Jachowski, DS Brown, NL Wehtje, M Tripp, DW Millspaugh, JJ Gompper, ME AF Jachowski, David S. Brown, Nathanael L. Wehtje, Morgan Tripp, Daniel W. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Gompper, Matthew E. TI Mitigating Plague Risk in Utah Prairie Dogs: Evaluation of a Systemic Flea-Control Product SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cynomys parvidens; flea control; imidacloprid; Oropsylla; plague; Utah AB Plague, the disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a major threat to the Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens), a species listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Fleas are the primary vectors of plague, and flea control can stop the spread of plague epizootics and increase Utah prairie dog survival. We evaluated a newly developed grain-bait insecticide treated with the active ingredient imidacloprid. In 2009, we conducted a single application of the product in treatment plots within each of 4 study sites and sampled fleas from captured Utah prairie dogs on treatment and control plots at monthly intervals. We observed mixed results; the product generally was effective at reducing flea prevalence, abundance, and intensity on prairie dogs at some sites and not at others, and the effectiveness within a site varied over time. In 2010, we doubled the amount of bait on treatment plots, yet we still failed to observe a consistent decline in flea prevalence, abundance, and intensity on prairie dogs. At the application rates we evaluated, the imidacloprid product is likely not as effective at controlling fleas on Utah prairie dogs as the more commonly used topical insecticide containing deltamethrin. However, managers should also consider the risk of flea species developing resistance following the repeated application of a single flea-control product. Furthermore, because we observed a higher than expected diversity of flea species (8) on Utah prairie dogs, future work should be undertaken to investigate how other mammalian host species might mediate flea population dynamics, plague ecology, and the outcome of flea management approaches. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Jachowski, David S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Dakota Ecol Serv Field Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. [Brown, Nathanael L.] Utah Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife Resources, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. [Wehtje, Morgan; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Gompper, Matthew E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tripp, Daniel W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Dakota Ecol Serv Field Off, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM djachowski@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Utah Department of Natural Resources; University of Missouri FX We thank S. Larson, P. Gober, H. Maddux, A. Pfister, L. Christ, and L. Romin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their support of this project. We also thank T. Kieffer, C. Corroy, T. Zaffarano, K. Nelson, A. Brown, K. Goodale, J. Van Woeart, and R. Kay for assistance in the field, and T. Martyn, B. Jochems, D. Mocker, and staff at the Centers for Disease Control for assistance in the laboratory. Funding support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Utah Department of Natural Resources, and University of Missouri. We thank D. E. Biggins, R. L. Jachowski, E. Arnett, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The trapping and handling of prairie dogs was accomplished by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources employees under Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit TE047266-3. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1002/wsb.107 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GX UT WOS:000209333000026 ER PT J AU Lobon-Cervia, J Budy, P Mortensen, E AF Lobon-Cervia, Javier Budy, Phaedra Mortensen, Erik TI Patterns of natural mortality in stream-living brown trout (Salmo trutta) SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density; growth; mortality rates; recruitment; stream-living salmonids ID SMALL DANISH STREAM; CONTRASTING POPULATIONS; MARINE FISH; TRADE-OFFS; LONG-TERM; GROWTH; LIFE; SURVIVAL; SIZE; TEMPERATURE AB 1. We tested the hypothesis that lifetime mortality patterns and their corresponding rates and causal factors differ among populations of stream-living salmonids. To this end, we examined the lifetime mortality patterns of several successive cohorts of two stream-living brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Spain and Denmark. 2. In the southern population, we observed a consistent two-phase pattern, in which mortality was negligible during the first half of the lifetime and severe during the rest of the lifetime. In contrast, the northern population demonstrated a three-phase pattern with an earlier phase varying from negligible to severe, followed by a second stage of weak mortality, and lastly by a third life stage of severe mortality. 3. Despite substantial differences in the mortality patterns between the two populations, the combined effect of recruitment (as a proxy of the density-dependent processes occurring during the lifetime) and mean body mass (as a proxy of growth experienced by individuals in a given cohort) explained c. 89% of the total lifetime mortality rates across cohorts and populations. 4. A comparison with other published data on populations of stream-living brown trout within its native range highlighted lifetime mortality patterns of one, two, three and four phases, but also suggested that common patterns may occur in populations that experience similar individual growth and population density. C1 [Lobon-Cervia, Javier] CSIC, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lobon-Cervia, J (reprint author), CSIC, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM MCNL178@mncn.csic.es FU U.S. Geological Survey Utah, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This work was supported, in part, by the U.S. Geological Survey Utah, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Rio Chaballos data set was collected as part of long-term monitoring of the Rio Esva fish populations. Bisballe Baeck data set was collected by the late Dr. E. Mortensen while he served as a senior researcher for the National Agency of Environmental Protection (Denmark). This study arose from a collaborative action between the National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC, Spain) and the Utah State University (U. S. A.). Comments by Dr. Th. Jenkins, Dr. A. Vollestad and several anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the MS substantially. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3 BP 575 EP 588 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02726.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 876IU UT WOS:000299102000012 ER PT J AU Westhoff, JT Distefano, RJ Magoulick, DD AF Westhoff, Jacob T. Distefano, Robert J. Magoulick, Daniel D. TI Do environmental changes or juvenile competition act as mechanisms of species displacement in crayfishes? SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Competition; Crayfish; Growth rates; Introduced species; Species displacement ID INTRODUCED CRAYFISH; AGGRESSIVE INTERACTIONS; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; INVASIVE CRAYFISH; PERUNCUS CREASER; UNITED-STATES; PREDATION; IMPACT; STREAM AB The Big Creek Crayfish, Orconectes peruncus, is native to the St. Francis River drainage in Missouri, USA and is often absent where the introduced Woodland Crayfish, Orconectes hylas, has established. We performed a field experiment to determine whether effects of current abiotic conditions and interspecific competition with O. hylas were responsible for displacement of O. peruncus from parts of their former range. We examined growth and survival of juvenile male O. peruncus exposed to juvenile male O. hylas in enclosures at two sites in the former range of O. peruncus. Enclosures contained 8 (low density) or 16 individuals (high density) and had O. peruncus only (control) or both species (interspecific treatment). Juvenile O. peruncus were able to survive and grow in portions of their former range, implicating biotic versus abiotic factors in the displacement of O. peruncus. Survival rates of O. peruncus did not differ among treatments at either site. Orconectes peruncus showed significant growth in all treatments and interspecific effects were not greater than intraspecific effects on O. peruncus growth rates. High-density treatments showed significantly reduced O. peruncus growth rates compared to low-density treatments, except in Carver Creek interspecific treatments. When considered in the context of previous studies examining the effects of O. hylas on O. peruncus, results suggest that neither direct competition between juvenile males of the two species or abiotic change are responsible for the decreased range of O. peruncus. Additional research is required to determine the mechanism(s) driving the displacement of O. peruncus. C1 [Westhoff, Jacob T.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Distefano, Robert J.] Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Westhoff, JT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jtw7a1@mail.missouri.edu FU Missouri Department of Conservation; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This research was supported by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. J. Baker assisted with study coordination and field sampling. J. Barnes, K. Bradley, A. Foster, C. Jansen, S. Longing, K. McCabe, and M. Moore assisted with field sampling. A. Allert and S. Olsen of the United States Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center provided the enclosures. The manuscript was improved by comments from E. Rahm and E. Larson and two anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2012 VL 683 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0939-2 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 887KE UT WOS:000299925200004 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA McKee, KL AF Middleton, Beth A. McKee, Karen L. TI Can elevated CO2 modify regeneration from seed banks of floating freshwater marshes subjected to rising sea-level? SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Coastal land loss; CO2 enhancement; Floating marsh; Gulf of Mexico; Salinity intrusion; Sea level rise; Seed bank ID TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM SWAMPS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HURRICANE KATRINA; WETLAND SEDIMENTS; COASTAL WETLANDS; ESTUARINE MARSH; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PLANT-GROWTH AB Higher atmospheric concentrations of CO2 can offset the negative effects of flooding or salinity on plant species, but previous studies have focused on mature, rather than regenerating vegetation. This study examined how interacting environments of CO2, water regime, and salinity affect seed germination and seedling biomass of floating freshwater marshes in the Mississippi River Delta, which are dominated by C-3 grasses, sedges, and forbs. Germination density and seedling growth of the dominant species depended on multifactor interactions of CO2 (385 and 720 mu l l(-1)) with flooding (drained, +8-cm depth, +8-cm depth-gradual) and salinity (0, 6% seawater) levels. Of the three factors tested, salinity was the most important determinant of seedling response patterns. Species richness (total = 19) was insensitive to CO2. Our findings suggest that for freshwater marsh communities, seedling response to CO2 is species-specific and secondary to salinity and flooding effects. Elevated CO2 did not ameliorate flooding or salinity stress. Consequently, climate-related changes in sea level or human-caused alterations in hydrology may override atmospheric CO2 concentrations in driving shifts in this plant community. The results of this study suggest caution in making extrapolations from species-specific responses to community-level predictions without detailed attention to the nuances of multifactor responses. C1 [Middleton, Beth A.; McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2012 VL 683 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0946-3 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 887KE UT WOS:000299925200009 ER PT J AU Stephens, SH Brasher, AMD Smith, CM AF Stephens, Sonia H. Brasher, Anne M. D. Smith, Celia M. TI Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Stream; Benthic algae; Diatoms; Nutrient-diffusing substrate; Hawaii; Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer ID RESOURCE COMPETITION; KANEOHE BAY; LIGHT; WATER; PERIPHYTON; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; GRADIENT; NITROGEN; BIOMASS AB To investigate the effects of nitrate enrichment, phosphate enrichment, and light availability on benthic algae, nutrient-diffusing clay flowerpots were colonized with algae at two sites in a Hawaiian stream during spring and autumn 2002 using a randomized factorial design. The algal assemblage that developed under the experimental conditions was investigated by determining biomass (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a concentrations) and composition of the diatom assemblage. In situ pulse amplitude-modulated fluorometry was also used to model photosynthetic rate of the algal assemblage. Algal biomass and maximum photosynthetic rate were significantly higher at the unshaded site than at the shaded site. These parameters were higher at the unshaded site with either nitrate, or to a lesser degree, nitrate plus phosphate enrichment. Analysis of similarity of diatom assemblages showed significant differences between shaded and unshaded sites, as well as between spring and autumn experiments, but not between nutrient treatments. However, several individual species of diatoms responded significantly to nitrate enrichment. These results demonstrate that light availability (shaded vs. unshaded) is the primary limiting factor to algal growth in this stream, with nitrogen as a secondary limiting factor. C1 [Stephens, Sonia H.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept English, Texts & Technol Program, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Stephens, Sonia H.; Smith, Celia M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brasher, Anne M. D.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Stephens, SH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept English, Texts & Technol Program, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM sonias@knights.ucf.edu OI Stephens, Sonia/0000-0002-2953-7579 FU University of Hawaii (UH); UH Arts and Sciences Advisory Council; UH Botany Department FX The authors would like to thank Isabella Abbott, Sarah Spaulding, Steve Main, Jennifer Smith, Mike Kido, Chris Bird, Maya Iriondo, Wendy McDowell, James Mazza, and Dan Hoover for their assistance with this project. Funding was provided by the University of Hawaii (UH) Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program, UH Arts and Sciences Advisory Council, and the UH Botany Department. The authors also thank Larry Brown, Kurt Carpenter, and Suzanne Femmer, who all provided comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2012 VL 683 IS 1 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0947-2 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 887KE UT WOS:000299925200010 ER PT J AU Sala, E Ballesteros, E Dendrinos, P Di Franco, A Ferretti, F Foley, D Fraschetti, S Friedlander, A Garrabou, J Guclusoy, H Guidetti, P Halpern, BS Hereu, B Karamanlidis, AA Kizilkaya, Z Macpherson, E Mangialajo, L Mariani, S Micheli, F Pais, A Riser, K Rosenberg, AA Sales, M Selkoe, KA Starr, R Tomas, F Zabala, M AF Sala, Enric Ballesteros, Enric Dendrinos, Panagiotis Di Franco, Antonio Ferretti, Francesco Foley, David Fraschetti, Simonetta Friedlander, Alan Garrabou, Joaquim Guclusoy, Harun Guidetti, Paolo Halpern, Benjamin S. Hereu, Bernat Karamanlidis, Alexandros A. Kizilkaya, Zafer Macpherson, Enrique Mangialajo, Luisa Mariani, Simone Micheli, Fiorenza Pais, Antonio Riser, Kristin Rosenberg, Andrew A. Sales, Marta Selkoe, Kimberly A. Starr, Rick Tomas, Fiona Zabala, Mikel TI The Structure of Mediterranean Rocky Reef Ecosystems across Environmental and Human Gradients, and Conservation Implications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; URCHIN PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LONG-TERM; FOOD WEBS; ALGAL ASSEMBLAGES; CYSTOSEIRA SPP.; ADRIATIC SEA; MONK SEAL AB Historical exploitation of the Mediterranean Sea and the absence of rigorous baselines makes it difficult to evaluate the current health of the marine ecosystems and the efficacy of conservation actions at the ecosystem level. Here we establish the first current baseline and gradient of ecosystem structure of nearshore rocky reefs at the Mediterranean scale. We conducted underwater surveys in 14 marine protected areas and 18 open access sites across the Mediterranean, and across a 31-fold range of fish biomass (from 3.8 to 118 g m(-2)). Our data showed remarkable variation in the structure of rocky reef ecosystems. Multivariate analysis showed three alternative community states: (1) large fish biomass and reefs dominated by non-canopy algae, (2) lower fish biomass but abundant native algal canopies and suspension feeders, and (3) low fish biomass and extensive barrens, with areas covered by turf algae. Our results suggest that the healthiest shallow rocky reef ecosystems in the Mediterranean have both large fish and algal biomass. Protection level and primary production were the only variables significantly correlated to community biomass structure. Fish biomass was significantly larger in well-enforced no-take marine reserves, but there were no significant differences between multi-use marine protected areas (which allow some fishing) and open access areas at the regional scale. The gradients reported here represent a trajectory of degradation that can be used to assess the health of any similar habitat in the Mediterranean, and to evaluate the efficacy of marine protected areas. C1 [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. [Sala, Enric; Ballesteros, Enric; Macpherson, Enrique; Mariani, Simone; Tomas, Fiona] CSIC, CEAB, Blanes, Spain. [Dendrinos, Panagiotis; Karamanlidis, Alexandros A.] MOm Hellen Soc Study & Protect Monk Seal, Athens, Greece. [Di Franco, Antonio; Fraschetti, Simonetta; Guidetti, Paolo] Univ Salento, DiSTeBA, Lecce, Italy. [Ferretti, Francesco; Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Foley, David] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Foley, David] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI USA. [Friedlander, Alan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Garrabou, Joaquim] CSIC, ICM, Ctr Mediterrani Invest Marines & Ambientals, Barcelona, Spain. [Guclusoy, Harun] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Guclusoy, Harun; Kizilkaya, Zafer] EKOG, SAD, Ankara, Turkey. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hereu, Bernat; Zabala, Mikel] Univ Barcelona, Dept Ecol, Fac Biol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Mangialajo, Luisa] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. [Pais, Antonio] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Zootecn, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Riser, Kristin; Starr, Rick] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Sales, Marta] Ctr Oceanog Balears, IEO, Estacio Invest Jaume Ferrer, Mao, Spain. [Starr, Rick] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Sala, E (reprint author), Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. EM esala@ngs.org RI Macpherson, Enrique/J-8982-2012; Ballesteros, Enric/K-6497-2012; Pais, Antonio/D-2209-2012; Di Franco, Antonio/A-8796-2010; Hereu, Bernat/K-9150-2015; OI Di Franco, Antonio/0000-0003-3411-7015; Hereu, Bernat/0000-0001-6247-7638; Guclusoy, Harun/0000-0002-4147-2587; Fraschetti, Simonetta/0000-0002-1780-1651; Guidetti, Paolo/0000-0002-7983-8775; PAIS, Antonio/0000-0003-4370-8423; Mariani, Simone/0000-0003-0903-8657 FU Oak Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts; Spain's National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Lenfest Ocean Program FX This study was funded by the Oak Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, Spain's National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) and the Lenfest Ocean Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 110 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 29 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e32742 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032742 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928SI UT WOS:000303003500099 PM 22393445 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Rigler, EJ Gibson, SE AF Love, Jeffrey J. Rigler, E. Joshua Gibson, Sarah E. TI Geomagnetic detection of the sectorial solar magnetic field and the historical peculiarity of minimum 23-24 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND STRUCTURE; CORONAL HOLES; CYCLES; SUNS AB Analysis is made of the geomagnetic-activity aa index covering solar cycle 11 to the beginning of 24, 1868-2011. Autocorrelation shows 27.0-d recurrent geomagnetic activity that is well-known to be prominent during solar-cycle minima; some minima also exhibit a smaller amount of 13.5-d recurrence. Previous work has shown that the recent solar minimum 23-24 exhibited 9.0 and 6.7-d recurrence in geomagnetic and heliospheric data, but those recurrence intervals were not prominently present during the preceding minima 21-22 and 22-23. Using annual-averages and solar-cycle averages of autocorrelations of the historical aa data, we put these observations into a long-term perspective: none of the 12 minima preceding 23-24 exhibited prominent 9.0 and 6.7-d aa recurrence. We show that the detection of these recurrence intervals can be traced to an unusual combination of sectorial spherical-harmonic structure in the solar magnetic field and anomalously low sunspot number. We speculate that 9.0 and 6.7-d recurrence is related to transient large-scale, low-latitude organization of the solar dynamo, such as seen in some numerical simulations. Citation: Love, J. J., E. Joshua Rigler, and S. E. Gibson (2012), Geomagnetic detection of the sectorial solar magnetic field and the historical peculiarity of minimum 23-24, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04102, doi:10.1029/2011GL050702. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.; Rigler, E. Joshua] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gibson, Sarah E.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046,MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU US Geological Survey; National Center for Atmospheric Research by National Science Foundation FX We thank: (1) The British Geological Survey and Geoscience Australia for observatory data, (2) the Wilcox Solar Observatory for coronal magnetic field models, (3) the ACE Science Center for solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data, and NASA's Omni-Web team for making the data available, (4) NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center for archiving sunspot group number. We thank C. A. Finn, J. L. Gannon, M. S. Miesch, and K. Mursula for reviewing a draft manuscript, and V. Courtillot, J. T. Hoeksema, and G. de Toma for help and conversations. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L04102 DI 10.1029/2011GL050702 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 903OQ UT WOS:000301127800004 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR AF Nimmo, John R. TI Preferential flow occurs in unsaturated conditions SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE SURFACES; TILE DRAINS; CLAY SOIL; FILM FLOW; WATER; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; TRACER C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 786 EP 789 DI 10.1002/hyp.8380 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 897YI UT WOS:000300698100014 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Kayen, R Tanaka, Y AF Collins, Brian D. Kayen, Robert Tanaka, Yasuo TI Spatial distribution of landslides triggered from the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-Oki Japan Earthquake SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Earthquake; Kashiwazaki; Japan; Coastal; Ground motion ID SEISMIC RESPONSE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; STEEP SLOPES; KEN-CHUETSU; LOMA-PRIETA; ROCK FALLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; AMPLIFICATION; SHAKING AB Understanding the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides from specific earthquakes provides an opportunity to recognize what to expect from future events. The July 16, 2007 M-W 6.6 (M-JMA 6.8) Niigata Chuetsu-Oki Japan earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides in the area surrounding the coastal city of Kashiwazaki and provides one such opportunity to evaluate the impacts of an offshore, magnitude 6 + earthquake on a steep coastal region. As part of a larger effort to document all forms of geotechnical damage from this earthquake, we performed landslide inventory mapping throughout the epicentral area and analyzed the resulting data for spatial, seismic-motion, and geologic correlations to describe the pattern of landsliding. Coupled with examination of a third-party, aerial-photo-based landslide inventory, our analyses reveal several areas of high landslide concentration that are not readily explained by either traditional epicentral and fault-plane-distance metrics or by recorded and inferred ground-motions. Whereas average landslide concentrations averaged less than 1 landslide per square kilometer (LS/km(2)), some areas reached up to 2 LS/km(2) in the Nishiyama Hills to the northeast of Kashiwazaki and between 2 and 11 LS/km(2) in coastal areas to the north and south of the city. Correlation with seismometer-based and monument overturning back-calculated ground motions suggests that a minimum peak ground acceleration (PGA) of approximately 02 g was necessary for landsliding throughout the region, but does not explain the subregional areas of high landslide concentration. However, analysis of topographic slope and the distribution of generally weak, dip-slope, geologic units does sufficiently explain why, on a sub-regional scale, high landslide concentrations occurred where they did. These include: (1) an inland region of steep, dip-slope, anticlinal sedimentary strata with associated fold belt compression and uplift of the anticline and (2) coastal areas with generally weaker, weathered outcrop lithology and steeper slopes resulting from active marine and terrestrial cliff processes. The results offer lessons for understanding the effects of earthquakes on both regional and subregional scales with regard to the spatial distribution of landsliding. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kayen, Robert] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tanaka, Yasuo] Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Urban Safety & Secur, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bcollins@usgs.gov; rkayen@usgs.gov; ytgeotec@tiger.kobe-u.ac.jp FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI-0323914, CMMI-0131895] FX Funding for the field component of this work was provided by the Geo-Engineering Earthquake Reconnaissance (GEER) and Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) activities of the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grants CMMI-0323914 and CMMI-0131895), and cost sharing by the U.S. Geological Survey. We acknowledge the use of aerial-based landslide datasets collected, processed and provided by PASCO Corporation and Kokusai Kogyo Company Ltd of Japan and thank Yoko Tamura (PASCO) for assistance with obtaining the datasets. Mark Reid (USGS), Randall Jibson (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews that increased the quality of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD FEB 24 PY 2012 VL 127 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.12.010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 911DA UT WOS:000301696300002 ER PT J AU Liao, LX Green, CT Bekins, BA Bohlke, JK AF Liao, Lixia Green, Christopher T. Bekins, Barbara A. Boehlke, J. K. TI Factors controlling nitrate fluxes in groundwater in agricultural areas SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; LAND-USE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; WATER CHEMISTRY; SATURATED ZONE; SANDY AQUIFER; LONG-ISLAND; HIGH-PLAINS AB The impact of agricultural chemicals on groundwater quality depends on the interactions of biogeochemical and hydrologic factors. To identify key processes affecting distribution of agricultural nitrate in groundwater, a parsimonious transport model was applied at 14 sites across the U.S. Simulated vertical profiles of NO3-, N-2 from denitrification, O-2, Cl-, and environmental tracers of groundwater age were matched to observations by adjusting the parameters for recharge rate, unsaturated zone travel time, fractions of N and Cl- inputs leached to groundwater, O-2 reduction rate, O-2 threshold for denitrification, and denitrification rate. Model results revealed important interactions among biogeochemical and physical factors. Chloride fluxes decreased between the land surface and water table possibly because of Cl- exports in harvested crops (averaging 22% of land-surface Cl- inputs). Modeled zero-order rates of O-2 reduction and denitrification were correlated. Denitrification rates at depth commonly exceeded overlying O-2 reduction rates, likely because shallow geologic sources of reactive electron donors had been depleted. Projections indicated continued downward migration of NO3- fronts at sites with denitrification rates <0.25 mg-N L-1 yr(-1). The steady state depth of NO3- depended to a similar degree on application rate, leaching fraction, recharge, and NO3- and O-2 reaction rates. Steady state total mass in each aquifer depended primarily on the N application rate. In addition to managing application rates at land surface, efficient water use may reduce the depth and mass of N in groundwater because lower recharge was associated with lower N fraction leached. Management actions to reduce N leaching could be targeted over aquifers with high-recharge and low-denitrification rates. C1 [Liao, Lixia; Green, Christopher T.; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 21092 USA. RP Liao, LX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lliao@usgs.gov RI Liao, Lixia/G-9592-2012 FU National Research Program; USGS FX This study was conducted as part of National Research Program and the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program. Ronald J. Baker, Richard L. Smith and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for the manuscript. NR 68 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 24 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W00L09 DI 10.1029/2011WR011008 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 899OB UT WOS:000300824500002 ER PT J AU Swain, M Swain, M Lohmann, M Swain, E AF Swain, Michael Swain, Matthew Lohmann, Melinda Swain, Eric TI Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Heat transport; Physical experiment; Thermal storage; Overland flow AB Two physical experiments were developed to better define the thermal interaction of wetland water and the underlying soil layer. This information is important to numerical models of flow and heat transport that have been developed to support biological studies in the South Florida coastal wetland areas. The experimental apparatus consists of two 1.32 m diameter by 0.99 m tall, trailer-mounted, well-insulated tanks filled with soil and water. A peat-sand-soil mixture was used to represent the wetland soil, and artificial plants were used as a surrogate for emergent wetland vegetation based on size and density observed in the field. The tanks are instrumented with thermocouples to measure vertical and horizontal temperature variations and were placed in an outdoor environment subject to solar radiation, wind, and other factors affecting the heat transfer. Instruments also measure solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed. Tests indicate that heat transfer through the sides and bottoms of the tanks is negligible, so the experiments represent vertical heat transfer effects only. The temperature fluctuations measured in the vertical profile through the soil and water are used to calibrate a one-dimensional heat-transport model. The model was used to calculate the thermal conductivity of the soil. Additionally, the model was used to calculate the total heat stored in the soil. This information was then used in a lumped parameter model to calculate an effective depth of soil which provides the appropriate heat storage to be combined with the heat storage in the water column. An effective depth, in the model, of 5.1 cm of wetland soil represents the heat storage needed to match the data taken in the tank containing 55.9 cm of peat/sand/soil mix. The artificial low-density laboratory sawgrass reduced the solar energy absorbed by the 35.6 cm of water and 55.9 cm of soil at midday by less than 5%. The maximum heat transfer into the underlying peat-sand-soil mix lags behind maximum solar radiation by approximately 2 h. A slightly longer temperature lag was observed between the maximum solar radiation and maximum water temperature both with and without soil. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Swain, Michael] Univ Miami, Dept Mech Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Swain, Matthew] Analyt Technol Inc, Miami, FL 33186 USA. [Lohmann, Melinda; Swain, Eric] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Swain, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Mech Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM mswain@miami.edu; mswain@miami.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 422 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 904OP UT WOS:000301208100006 ER PT J AU Masterlark, T Feigl, KL Haney, M Stone, J Thurber, C Ronchin, E AF Masterlark, Timothy Feigl, Kurt L. Haney, Matthew Stone, Jonathan Thurber, Clifford Ronchin, Erika TI Nonlinear estimation of geometric parameters in FEMs of volcano deformation: Integrating tomography models and geodetic data for Okmok volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE DEFORMATION; HALF-SPACE; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; 1997 ERUPTION; ETNA VOLCANO; INTERFEROMETRY; CALDERA; INSAR; SUBDUCTION AB The internal structure, loading processes, and effective boundary conditions of a volcano control the deformation observed at the Earth's surface. Using finite element models (FEMs), we simulate the response due to a pressurized magma chamber embedded in a domain having a distribution of elastic material properties. We present the Pinned Mesh Perturbation method (PMP) to automate the mesh generation process in response to perturbations of the position of a simulated magma chamber within an FEM domain. Using InSAR-observed deformation for the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska, as an example, we combine PMP with nested Monte Carlo methods to estimate a set of linear and nonlinear parameters that characterize the depressurization and location of the magma chamber beneath Okmok's caldera. The three-dimensional FEMs used in the PMP method simulate the distribution of material properties of tomography models and account for the irregular geometry of the topography and bathymetry. The estimated depth of an assumed spherical magma chamber is 3527(-54)(+55) m below sea level and is sensitive to the distribution of material properties. This depth is consistent with lithostatic pressure constraints and very long period tremor observations. The fit of this FEM to the InSAR data is a significant improvement, at the 95% confidence level, compared to the fit of a corresponding FEM having homogeneous material properties. The methods presented here allow us to construct deformation models that integrate tomography models with geodetic observations, in an effort to achieve a deeper understanding of active volcanoes. C1 [Masterlark, Timothy; Stone, Jonathan] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Feigl, Kurt L.; Thurber, Clifford] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haney, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ronchin, Erika] CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Masterlark, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM masterlark@ua.edu RI Feigl, Kurt/E-8106-2012 OI Feigl, Kurt/0000-0002-2059-6708 FU U.S. Geological Survey/ARRA [G10AC00018, G10AC00039]; NSF [EAR-0943943, EAR-0943965]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [10-Earth10F-0200]; JAE-PREDOC from the CSIC FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program/ARRA awards G10AC00018 and G10AC00039, NSF Geophysics EAR-0943943 and EAR-0943965, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under award 10-Earth10F-0200, and a JAE-PREDOC grant from the CSIC. Academic licensing and technical support for Abaqus software is provided by Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp. Paul Del Vecchio of Cray, Inc., provided excellent technical support for cluster computing. We thank Herbert F. Wang for helpful discussions regarding tensile strength and static versus dynamic rock properties. Insightful reviews by Tom Parsons (Associate Editor), Maurizio Battaglia, and Agust Gudmundsson greatly improved this paper. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B02407 DI 10.1029/2011JB008811 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 899NG UT WOS:000300822100004 ER PT J AU Jepsen, SM Molotch, NP Williams, MW Rittger, KE Sickman, JO AF Jepsen, Steven M. Molotch, Noah P. Williams, Mark W. Rittger, Karl E. Sickman, James O. TI Interannual variability of snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, United States: Examples from two alpine watersheds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENTS; LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ENERGY EXCHANGE; COVER DATA; CLIMATE; MODEL; EQUIVALENT; SURFACE AB The distribution of snow and the energy flux components of snowmelt are intrinsic characteristics of the alpine water cycle controlling the location of source waters and the effect of climate on streamflow. Interannual variability of these characteristics is relevant to the effect of climate change on alpine hydrology. Our objective is to characterize the interannual variability in the spatial distribution of snow and energy fluxes of snowmelt in watersheds of a maritime setting, Tokopah Basin (TOK) in California's southern Sierra Nevada, and a continental setting, Green Lake 4 Valley (GLV4) in Colorado's Front Range, using a 12 year database (1996-2007) of hydrometeorological observations and satellite-derived snow cover. Snowpacks observed in GLV4 exhibit substantially greater spatial variability than in TOK (0.75 versus 0.28 spatial coefficient of variation). In addition, modeling results indicate that the net turbulent energy flux contribution to snowmelt in GLV4 is, on average, 3 times greater in magnitude (mean 29% versus 10%) and interannual variability (standard deviation 17% versus 6%) than in TOK. These energy flux values exhibit strong seasonality, increasing as the melt season progresses to times later in the year (R-2 = 0.54-0.77). This seasonality of energy flux appears to be associated with snowmelt rates that generally increase with onset date of melt (0.02 cm d(-2)). This seasonality in snowmelt rate, coupled to differences in hydrogeology, may account for the observed differences in correspondence between the timing of snowmelt and timing of streamflow in these watersheds. C1 [Jepsen, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.; Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rittger, Karl E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sickman, James O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.; Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jepsen, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM noah.molotch@colorado.edu RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 FU NSF [EAR 1032308, 1032295, 0614207, 0724960, 0738780, 0738930]; NASA [NNX08AH18G]; USGS; Niwot Ridge LTER program; NSF's Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory FX Technical support was provided by the following individuals : S. Burns, N. Caine, T. Erickson, M. Colee, J. M. Melack, K. Musselman, T. H. Painter, and K. Skeen. Helpful commentary on the manuscript was provided by D. W. Clow, D. I. Stannard, and 3 anonymous reviewers. Financial support was provided by NSF grants EAR 1032308, 1032295, 0614207, 0724960, 0738780, 0738930, NASA Grant NNX08AH18G, The NASA Postdoctoral Program, The USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, the Niwot Ridge LTER program, and NSF's Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 71 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W02529 DI 10.1029/2011WR011006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 899NZ UT WOS:000300824300002 ER PT J AU Thomas, F Lafferty, KD Brodeur, J Elguero, E Gauthier-Clerc, M Misse, D AF Thomas, Frederic Lafferty, Kevin D. Brodeur, Jacques Elguero, Eric Gauthier-Clerc, Michel Misse, Dorothee TI Incidence of adult brain cancers is higher in countries where the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is common SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; brain cancer; medical geography ID TUMORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; NEOPLASMS AB We explored associations between the common protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and brain cancers in human populations. We predicted that T. gondii could increase the risk of brain cancer because it is a long-lived parasite that encysts in the brain, where it provokes inflammation and inhibits apoptosis. We used a medical geography approach based on the national incidence of brain cancers and seroprevalence of T. gondii. We corrected reports of incidence for national gross domestic product because wealth probably increases the ability to detect cancer. We also included gender, cell phone use and latitude as variables in our initial models. Prevalence of T. gondii explained 19 per cent of the residual variance in brain cancer incidence after controlling for the positive effects of gross domestic product and latitude among nations. Infection with T. gondii was associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of brain cancers across the range of T. gondii prevalence in our dataset (4-67%). These results, though correlational, suggest that T. gondii should be investigated further as a possible oncogenic pathogen of humans. C1 [Thomas, Frederic; Elguero, Eric; Misse, Dorothee] MIVEGEC UMR CNRS IRD UM1, IRD, FR-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, MSI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brodeur, Jacques] Univ Montreal, IRBV, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H1X 2B2, Canada. [Gauthier-Clerc, Michel] Ctr Rech Tour Valat, Arles 13200, France. RP Thomas, F (reprint author), MIVEGEC UMR CNRS IRD UM1, IRD, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier 5, France. EM frederic.thomas2@ird.fr RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Elguero, Eric/J-3014-2012; MISSE, DOROTHEE/A-7590-2012 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; MISSE, DOROTHEE/0000-0002-6485-3841 FU French consortium Evolution et Cancer (CNRS) FX We thank A. Kuris, M. Sandoval and three anonymous referees for comments on the draft. This work was supported by the French consortium Evolution et Cancer (CNRS). NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 101 EP 103 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0588 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 879IF UT WOS:000299322200030 PM 21795265 ER PT J AU Hove, MC Steingraeber, MT Newton, TJ Heath, DJ Nelson, CL Bury, JA Kurth, JE Bartsch, MR Thorpe, WS McGill, MR Hornbach, DJ AF Hove, Mark C. Steingraeber, Mark T. Newton, Teresa J. Heath, Dave J. Nelson, Carrie L. Bury, Jennifer A. Kurth, Jennifer E. Bartsch, Michelle R. Thorpe, Whitney S. McGill, Marissa R. Hornbach, Daniel J. TI Early life history of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrula fragosa) SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; freshwater mussel; brooding period; glochidia hosts ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ST-CROIX RIVER; FISH HOSTS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; GLOCHIDIA; MINNESOTA; WISCONSIN; INFECTION AB Early life history information on the federally endangered winged mapleleaf (Quadrula fragosa (Conrad, 1835)) mussel is needed by natural resource managers to improve conservation and propagation programs. We conducted four studies to obtain some of this information. First, we observed Q. fragosa in the St. Croix River, Wisconsin between 1997-2010 and found females brood larvae (glochidia) for a unique period, between 8 September to 8 October at water temperatures ranging between 15-21 degrees C. Second, we tested 67 fish species and Necturus maculosus for their ability to transform glochidia into juveniles. Nearly 30,000 juvenile Q. fragosa were produced, but only on Ictalurus furcatus and I. punctatus. Unlike most mussel species, Q. fragosa glochidia grew 3 to 4-fold while attached. Third, using scanning electron microscopy we were able to distinguish Q. fragosa glochidia height and length from six other mussel species that also produce small glochidia (<120 mu m in height). Finally, we recovered 535 juveniles from 15 naturally infested fish species to determine if any were Q. fragosa based on glochidia morphology. We identified one juvenile from an I. punctatus as a Q. fragosa. To improve conservation efforts we suggest monitoring not only Q. fragosa beds but also associated Ictalurus populations, whose ranges may extend beyond mussel populations. C1 [Hove, Mark C.; Nelson, Carrie L.; Bury, Jennifer A.; Kurth, Jennifer E.; Thorpe, Whitney S.; McGill, Marissa R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hove, Mark C.; Hornbach, Daniel J.] Macalester Coll, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Steingraeber, Mark T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fishery Resource Off, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.; Bartsch, Michelle R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Heath, Dave J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Hove, MC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mark_hove@umn.edu OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; St. Croix National Scenic Riverway; Macalester College; University of Minnesota; USFWS; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (St. Paul District Office); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Twin Cities Field Office); Breck High School; American Fisheries Society FX We thank Ron Benjamin, Mark Endris, Rhonda Kenyon, Nick Rowse, Scott Yess, Barb Griffin, Byron Karns, Jill Medland, Bob Whaley, Phil Delphey, Mike Davis, Dan Kelner, Bernard Seitman, Susan Rogers, Nathan Eckert, Jorge Buening, and Curt Elderkin for helping collect Quadrula fragosa. Pat Cliff, Ben Bloemke, Tessa Diedrich, Katie Dietrich, Nick Dillon, Napolean Genereux, Carlos Gonzalez, Matt Haas, Anne Kapuscinski, Vikash Kanodia, Mark Ledford, Jay Maher, Meggie Marzec, Vanessa Pepi, Mike Schwebach, Bernard Sietman, Erick Simonsen, Jon Wagner, and Kaia Yngve helped complete UMN field and laboratory activities. Roger Gordon and Jeff Lockington provided several Ictalurus punctatus and the I. furcatus and Pylodictus olivaris, and Dan Beckman and Chris Barnhart provided the Noturus exilis. Matthew Berg and his students and volunteers, Nick Rowse, John Frank, Roger Hugill, Al Linder, Steve Oie, Dean Paron, and Craig Supiour helped collect naturally infested fishes. Mike Boogaard, Tony Brady, Jeff Brown, Mark Gaikowski, Annie Greylak, John Kalas, Bob Kennedy, Carlos Lozano, Jeff Meinertz, Theresa Schreier, Don Schroeder, Dave Wedan, and Vee Xiong provided additional laboratory support at the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Chris Barnhart, Wendell Haag, Gary Wege, and anonymous reviewers whose suggestions significantly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, U.S. Geological Survey, Macalester College, University of Minnesota Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, USFWS, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (St. Paul District Office), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Twin Cities Field Office), Breck High School Summer Research Program, and American Fisheries Society Hutton Scholarship. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD FEB 22 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 904OI UT WOS:000301207400004 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Jung, HB Marvinney, RG Culbertson, CW Zheng, Y AF Yang, Qiang Jung, Hun Bok Marvinney, Robert G. Culbertson, Charles W. Zheng, Yan TI Can Arsenic Occurrence Rates in Bedrock Aquifers Be Predicted? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER SUPPLIES; GOOSE RIVER-BASIN; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK; NEW-ENGLAND; GROUNDWATER; MAINE; CONTAMINATION; EXPOSURE; ROCKS AB A high percentage (31%) of groundwater samples from bedrock aquifers in the greater Augusta area, Maine was found to contain greater than 10 mu g L-1 of arsenic. Elevated arsenic concentrations are associated with bedrock geology, and more frequently observed in samples with high pH, low dissolved oxygen, and low nitrate. These associations were quantitatively compared by statistical analysis. Stepwise logistic regression models using bedrock geology and/or water chemistry parameters are developed and tested with external data sets to explore the feasibility of predicting groundwater arsenic occurrence rates (the percentages of arsenic concentrations higher than 10 mu g L-1) in bedrock aquifers. Despite the under-prediction of high arsenic occurrence rates, models including groundwater geochemistry parameters predict arsenic occurrence rates better than those with bedrock geology only. Such simple models with very few parameters can be applied to obtain a preliminary arsenic risk assessment in bedrock aquifers at local to intermediate scales at other localities with similar geology. C1 [Yang, Qiang; Jung, Hun Bok; Zheng, Yan] CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Yang, Qiang; Jung, Hun Bok; Zheng, Yan] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Yang, Qiang; Zheng, Yan] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Marvinney, Robert G.] Maine Geol Survey, State House Stn 22, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Culbertson, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Maine Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, 6530 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM yan.zheng@qc.cuny.edu RI Yang, Qiang/N-8198-2013 OI Yang, Qiang/0000-0002-6788-8775 FU U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [2 P42 ES10349] FX This research is supported by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program 2 P42 ES10349 to Y. Zheng. We thank A. Smith and his team at Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention for providing consultation to the families in the study area; Z. Cheng of Brooklyn College for assistance with ICP-MS analysis. The manuscript benefited from reviews of S. Peters and an anonymous reviewer. Finally, we thank the families in the study area for their cooperation. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2080 EP 2087 DI 10.1021/es203793x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900017 PM 22260208 ER PT J AU Mohanram, A Ray, C Metge, DW Barber, LB Ryan, JN Harvey, RW AF Mohanram, Arvind Ray, Chittaranjan Metge, David W. Barber, Larry B. Ryan, Joseph N. Harvey, Ronald W. TI Effect of Dissolved Organic Carbon on the Transport and Attachment Behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Carboxylate-Modified Microspheres Advected through Temperate Humic and Tropical Volcanic Agricultural soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; PARTICLES; SAND; HYDROPHOBICITY; INACTIVATION; SURROGATES; FILTRATION; STABILITY; SURFACES AB Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and microspheres in two disparate (a clay- and Fe-rich, volcanic and a temperate, humic) agricultural soils were studied in the presence and absence of 100 mg L-1 of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) at pH 5.0-6.0. Transport of carboxylate-modified, 1.8 mu m microspheres in soil columns was highly sensitive to the nature of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas oocysts transport was more affected by soil mineralogy. SDBS increased transport of microspheres from 48% to 87% through the tropical soil and from 43% to 93% in temperate soil. In contrast, SRHA reduced transport of microspheres from 48% to 28% in tropical soil and from 43% to 16% in temperate soil. SDBS also increased oocysts transport through the temperate soil 5-fold, whereas no oocyst transport was detected in tropical soil. SRHA had only a nominal effect in increasing oocysts transport in tropical soil, but caused a 6-fold increase in transport through the temperate soil. Amendments of only 4 mg L-1 SRHA and SDBS decreased oocyst hydrophobicity from 66% to 20% and from 66% to 5%, respectively. However, SDBS increased microsphere hydrophobicity from 16% to 33%. Soil fines, which includes clays, and SRHA, both caused the oocysts zeta potential (zeta) to become more negative, but caused the highly hydrophilic microspheres to become less negatively charged. The disparate behaviors of the two colloids in the presence of an ionic surfactant and natural organic matter suggest that microspheres may not be suitable surrogates for oocysts in certain types of soils. These results indicate that whether or not DOC inhibits or promotes transport of oocysts and microspheres in agricultural soils and by how much, depends not only on the surface characteristics of the colloid, but the nature of the DOC and the soil mineralogy. C1 [Metge, David W.; Barber, Larry B.; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mohanram, Arvind] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mohanram, Arvind; Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.; Harvey, Ronald W.] 428 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES), University of Hawaii [2006-35102-17192]; National Research Initiative FX We thank Dennis Eberl and Keith Morrison for their help in isolating the soil fines from the soils and George Aiken and Kenna Butler for assistance in handling and measuring dissolved organic compounds. We thank Philip Moravick (Univ. Hawai'i) and Jennifer Underwood (USGS), and Alison Craven (Univ. Colorado), and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on this paper. We are grateful to our funding agency, United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) (Grant No. 2006-35102-17192, University of Hawaii as lead) as part of National Research Initiative and watershed program. Use of brand names is for informational purposes only and does not constitute product endorsement by the authors, USGS, or the publisher. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2088 EP 2094 DI 10.1021/es2003342 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900018 PM 21711011 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Vajda, AM Douville, C Norris, DO Writer, JH AF Barber, Larry B. Vajda, Alan M. Douville, Chris Norris, David O. Writer, Jeffery H. TI Fish Endocrine Disruption Responses to a Major Wastewater Treatment Facility Upgrade SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENT; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; STREAM SEDIMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; STEROIDAL HORMONES; RIVER; BIODEGRADATION; SURFACE; CONTAMINANTS AB The urban-water cycle modifies natural stream hydrology, and domestic and commercial activities increase the burden of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as steroidal hormones and 4-nonylphenol, that can disrupt endocrine system function in aquatic organisms. This paper presents a series of integrated chemical and biological investigations into the occurrence, fate, and effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the City of Boulder Colorado's WWTF and Boulder Creek, the receiving stream. Results are presented showing the effects of a full-scale upgrade of the WWTF (that treats 0.6 m(3) s(-1) of sewage) from a trickling filter/solids contact process to an activated sludge process on the removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds and other contaminants (including nutrients, boron, bismuth, gadolinium, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) through each major treatment Corresponding impacts of pre- and postupgrade effluent chemistry on fish reproductive end points were evaluated using on-site, continuous-flow experiments, in which male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 28 days to upstream Boulder Creek water and WWTF effluent under controlled conditions. The upgrade of the WWTF resulted in improved removal efficiency for many endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly 17 beta-estradiol and estrone, and fish exposed to the postupgrade effluent indicated reduction in endocrine disruption relative to preupgrade conditions. C1 [Barber, Larry B.; Writer, Jeffery H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Vajda, Alan M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Douville, Chris] City Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Norris, David O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research; Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs; National Science Foundation [0854527] FX The authors thank Greg Brown, James Gray, Steffanie Keefe, and Howard Taylor (USGS); Megan Monroe, Andy Taylor, Bret Linenfelser, Kurt Keilbach, and Floyd Bebler (City of Boulder); and Joe Ryan and Ashley Bolden (University of Colorado) for their field and laboratory assistance. Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. Additional support was provided by National Science Foundation Grant 0854527. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2121 EP 2131 DI 10.1021/es202880e PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900022 PM 22300164 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF Whitman, RL Nevers, MB Phanikumar, MS AF Ge, Zhongfu Whitman, Richard L. Nevers, Meredith B. Phanikumar, Mantha S. TI Wave-Induced Mass Transport Affects Daily Escherichia coli Fluctuations in Nearshore Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; HUNTINGTON BEACH; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EMBAYED BEACH; SURF ZONE; BACTERIA; MODEL; BAY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB Characterization of diel variability of fecal indicator bacteria concentration in nearshore waters is of particular importance for development of water sampling standards and protection of public health. Significant nighttime increase in Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration in beach water, previously observed at marine sites, has also been identified in summer 2000 from fixed locations in waist- and knee-deep waters at Chicago 63rd Street Beach, an embayed, tideless, freshwater beach with low currents at night (approximately 0.015 m s(-1)). A theoretical model using wave-induced mass transport velocity for advection was developed to assess the contribution of surface waves to the observed nighttime E. coli replenishment in the nearshore water. Using average wave conditions for the summer season of year 2000, the model predicted an amount of E. coli transported from water of intermediate depth, where sediment resuspension occurred intermittently, that would be sufficient to have elevated E. coli concentration in the surf and swash zones as observed. The nighttime replenishment of E. coli in the surf and swash zones revealed here is an important phase in the cycle of diel variations of E. coli concentration in nearshore water. According to previous findings in Ge et al. (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 6731-6737), enhanced current circulation in the embayment during the day tends to displace and deposit material offshore, which partially sets up the system by the early evening for a new period of nighttime onshore movement. This wave-induced mass transport effect, although facilitating a significant base supply of material shoreward, can be perturbed or significantly influenced by high currents (orders of magnitude larger than a typical wave-induced mass transport velocity), current-induced turbulence, and tidal forcing. C1 [Ge, Zhongfu; Whitman, Richard L.; Nevers, Meredith B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM zge@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU USGS of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank David Schwab, Gregory Lang of NOAA, and Pramod Thupaki of Michigan State University for helpful discussions and data. We also thank Stanley Grant and two other anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This article was funded by USGS Great Lakes Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP) and is contribution 1683 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 2204 EP 2211 DI 10.1021/es203847n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894ZL UT WOS:000300465900032 PM 22257076 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, JL Ellsworth, WL Chen, KH Uchida, N AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Ellsworth, William L. Chen, Kate H. Uchida, Naoki TI Fixed recurrence and slip models better predict earthquake behavior than the time- and slip-predictable models: 1. Repeating earthquakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; MOMENT RELEASE RATES; QUASI-STATIC SLIP; EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS; SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; SLOW EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION ZONES; CALAVERAS FAULT; CRUSTAL STRAIN; SEISMIC MOMENT AB The behavior of individual events in repeating earthquake sequences in California, Taiwan and Japan is better predicted by a model with fixed inter-event time or fixed slip than it is by the time-and slip-predictable models for earthquake occurrence. Given that repeating earthquakes are highly regular in both inter-event time and seismic moment, the time-and slip-predictable models seem ideally suited to explain their behavior. Taken together with evidence from the companion manuscript that shows similar results for laboratory experiments we conclude that the short-term predictions of the time-and slip-predictable models should be rejected in favor of earthquake models that assume either fixed slip or fixed recurrence interval. This implies that the elastic rebound model underlying the time-and slip-predictable models offers no additional value in describing earthquake behavior in an event-to-event sense, but its value in a long-term sense cannot be determined. These models likely fail because they rely on assumptions that oversimplify the earthquake cycle. We note that the time and slip of these events is predicted quite well by fixed slip and fixed recurrence models, so in some sense they are time-and slip-predictable. While fixed recurrence and slip models better predict repeating earthquake behavior than the time-and slip-predictable models, we observe a correlation between slip and the preceding recurrence time for many repeating earthquake sequences in Parkfield, California. This correlation is not found in other regions, and the sequences with the correlative slip-predictable behavior are not distinguishable from nearby earthquake sequences that do not exhibit this behavior. C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chen, Kate H.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Uchida, Naoki] Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrubinstein@usgs.gov; ellsworth@usgs.gov; katepili@gmail.com; uchida@aob.gp.tohoku.ac.jp RI Uchida, Naoki/D-6103-2012 OI Uchida, Naoki/0000-0002-4220-9625 NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B02306 DI 10.1029/2011JB008724 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 899OZ UT WOS:000300827000004 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, JL Ellsworth, WL Beeler, NM Kilgore, BD Lockner, DA Savage, HM AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Ellsworth, William L. Beeler, Nicholas M. Kilgore, Brian D. Lockner, David A. Savage, Heather M. TI Fixed recurrence and slip models better predict earthquake behavior than the time- and slip-predictable models: 2. Laboratory earthquakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED FAULT GOUGE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; CRUSTAL STRAIN; PARKFIELD; FRICTION; ZONES; APPLICABILITY; PROBABILITY AB The behavior of individual stick-slip events observed in three different laboratory experimental configurations is better explained by a "memoryless" earthquake model with fixed inter-event time or fixed slip than it is by the time- and slip-predictable models for earthquake occurrence. We make similar findings in the companion manuscript for the behavior of natural repeating earthquakes. Taken together, these results allow us to conclude that the predictions of a characteristic earthquake model that assumes either fixed slip or fixed recurrence interval should be preferred to the predictions of the time-and slip-predictable models for all earthquakes. Given that the fixed slip and recurrence models are the preferred models for all of the experiments we examine, we infer that in an event-to-event sense the elastic rebound model underlying the time-and slip-predictable models does not explain earthquake behavior. This does not indicate that the elastic rebound model should be rejected in a long-term-sense, but it should be rejected for short-term predictions. The time-and slip-predictable models likely offer worse predictions of earthquake behavior because they rely on assumptions that are too simple to explain the behavior of earthquakes. Specifically, the time-predictable model assumes a constant failure threshold and the slip-predictable model assumes that there is a constant minimum stress. There is experimental and field evidence that these assumptions are not valid for all earthquakes. C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Ellsworth, William L.; Beeler, Nicholas M.; Kilgore, Brian D.; Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Savage, Heather M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrubinstein@usgs.gov; ellsworth@usgs.gov; nbeeler@usgs.gov; bkilgore@usgs.gov; dlockner@usgs.gov; hsavage@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B02307 DI 10.1029/2011JB008723 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 899OZ UT WOS:000300827000003 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Rescuing Wolves: Threat of Misinformation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 17 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6070 BP 794 EP 794 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 893LC UT WOS:000300356400014 PM 22344425 ER PT J AU Naff, RL AF Naff, R. L. TI Application of the control volume mixed finite element method to a triangular discretization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mixed finite element method; control volume; elliptic equation; Darcy problem ID POROUS-MEDIA; EQUATIONS; MODELS AB A two-dimensional control volume mixed finite element method is applied to the elliptic equation. Discretization of the computational domain is based in triangular elements. Shape functions and test functions are formulated on the basis of an equilateral reference triangle with unit edges. A pressure support based on the linear interpolation of elemental edge pressures is used in this formulation. Comparisons are made between results from the standard mixed finite element method and this control volume mixed finite element method. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Naff, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ms 413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rlnaff@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD FEB 17 PY 2012 VL 89 IS 7 BP 846 EP 868 DI 10.1002/nme.3265 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 883ID UT WOS:000299626600003 ER PT J AU Gannon, JL AF Gannon, J. L. TI Assessing the validity of station location assumptions made in the calculation of the Geomagnetic Disturbance Index, Dst SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STORMS AB In this paper, the effects of the assumptions made in the calculation of the Dst index with regard to longitude sampling, hemisphere bias, and latitude correction are explored. The insights gained from this study will allow operational users to better understand the local implications of the Dst index and will lead to future index formulations that are more physically motivated. We recompute the index using 12 longitudinally spaced low-latitude stations, including the traditional 4 (in Honolulu, Kakioka, San Juan, and Hermanus), and compare it to the standard United States Geological Survey definitive Dst. We look at the hemisphere balance by comparing stations at equal geomagnetic latitudes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. We further separate the 12-station time series into two hemispheric indices and find that there are measurable differences in the traditional Dst formulation due to the undersampling of the Southern Hemisphere in comparison with the Northern Hemisphere. To analyze the effect of latitude correction, we plot latitudinal variation in a disturbance observed during the year 2005 using two separate longitudinal observatory chains. We separate these by activity level and find that while the traditional cosine form fits the latitudinal distributions well for low levels of activity, at higher levels of disturbance the cosine form does not fit the observed variation. This suggests that the traditional latitude scaling is insufficient during active times. The effect of the Northern Hemisphere bias and the inadequate latitude scaling is such that the standard correction underestimates the true disturbance by 10-30 nT for storms of main phase magnitude deviation greater than 150 nT in the traditional Dst index. C1 US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Golden, CO 80302 USA. RP Gannon, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80302 USA. EM jgannon@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB 16 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S02002 DI 10.1029/2011SW000731 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899PD UT WOS:000300827400001 ER PT J AU Bravo, GA Chesser, RT Brumfield, RT AF Bravo, Gustavo A. Chesser, R. Terry Brumfield, Robb T. TI Isleria, a new genus of antwren (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Myrmotherula; Isleria; phylogeny; Thamnophilidae; antwrens ID TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE; SPECIES LIMITS; COMPLEX; BIRDS; SPECIALIZATION; VOCALIZATIONS; FORMICARIIDAE; ANTSHRIKES AB A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Thamnophilidae indicated that the genus Myrmotherula is not monophyletic. The clade composed of M. guttata and M. hauxwelli is only distantly related to other members of the genus and should be removed from Myrmotherula. The phenotypic distinctiveness of the clade argues against merging it with its sister group Thamnomanes and no generic name is available for the guttata-hauxwelli clade. Consequently, we describe the genus Isleria for these two species, and designate Myrmothera guttata as its type species. C1 [Bravo, Gustavo A.; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bravo, Gustavo A.; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bravo, GA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gbravo1@tigers.lsu.edu OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 FU Frank Chapman Memorial Fund - AMNH; American Ornithologists' Union; LSUMNS; LSU Biograds; NSF [DEB-0841729, DBI-0400797, DEB-1011435] FX We are grateful to curators and collection managers of the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), University of Washington's Burke Museum (UWBM); Colecao de Aves, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Amazonia (INPA), and Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG). N. Aristizabal and L. N. Naka assisted in obtaining sequences. N. David, M. L. Isler, P. R. Isler, and B. M. Whitney provided valuable comments regarding antbird taxonomy and nomenclature. This research was supported by grants from the Frank Chapman Memorial Fund - AMNH, the American Ornithologists' Union, the LSUMNS Big Day Fund, and LSU Biograds to GAB, NSF grants DEB-0841729 and DBI-0400797 to RTB, and DEB-1011435 to GAB. This manuscript was improved thanks to valuable comments from R. C. Banks, R. Belmonte-Lopes, S. Claramunt, A. M. Cuervo, L. P. Gonzaga, J. V. Remsen, R. P. Reynolds, and N. Woodman. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 16 PY 2012 IS 3195 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 895QM UT WOS:000300511300005 ER PT J AU Barr, JG Engel, V Smith, TJ Fuentes, JD AF Barr, Jordan G. Engel, Vic Smith, Thomas J. Fuentes, Jose D. TI Hurricane disturbance and recovery of energy balance, CO2 fluxes and canopy structure in a mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mangrove; Hurricane; Carbon dioxide; Energy balance; Disturbance; Sediment elevation; Carbon cycling; Sea level rise; Climate change ID LIGHTNING STRIKES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; SEA-LEVEL; EXCHANGE; VEGETATION; CLOSURE; ECOSYSTEMS; REGRESSION; ELEVATION AB Eddy covariance (EC) estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and energy balance are examined to investigate the functional responses of a mature mangrove forest to a disturbance generated by Hurricane Wilma on October 24,2005 in the Florida Everglades. At the EC site, high winds from the hurricane caused nearly 100% defoliation in the upper canopy and widespread tree mortality. Soil temperatures down to 50 cm increased, and air temperature lapse rates within the forest canopy switched from statically stable to statically unstable conditions following the disturbance. Unstable conditions allowed more efficient transport of water vapor and CO2 from the surface up to the upper canopy layer. Significant increases in latent heat fluxes (LE) and nighttime net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were also observed and sensible heat fluxes (H) as a proportion of net radiation decreased significantly in response to the disturbance. Many of these impacts persisted through much of the study period through 2009. However, local albedo and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) data (the Enhanced Vegetation Index) indicated a substantial proportion of active leaf area recovered before the EC measurements began 1 year after the storm. Observed changes in the vertical distribution and the degree of clumping in newly emerged leaves may have affected the energy balance. Direct comparisons of daytime NEE values from before the storm and after our measurements resumed did not show substantial or consistent differences that could be attributed to the disturbance. Regression analyses on seasonal time scales were required to differentiate the storm's impact on monthly average daytime NEE from the changes caused by interannual variability in other environmental drivers. The effects of the storm were apparent on annual time scales, and CO2 uptake remained approximately 250g C m(-2) yr(-1) lower in 2009 compared to the average annual values measured in 2004-2005. Dry season CO2 uptake was relatively more affected by the disturbance than wet season values. Complex leaf regeneration dynamics on damaged trees during ecosystem recovery are hypothesized to lead to the variable dry versus wet season impacts on daytime NEE. In contrast, nighttime CO2 release (i.e., nighttime respiration) was consistently and significantly greater, possibly as a result of the enhanced decomposition of litter and coarse woody debris generated by the storm, and this effect was most apparent in the wet seasons compared to the dry seasons. The largest pre- and post-storm differences in NEE coincided roughly with the delayed peak in cumulative mortality of stems in 2007-2008. Across the hurricane-impacted region, cumulative tree mortality rates were also closely correlated with declines in peat surface elevation. Mangrove forest-atmosphere interactions are interpreted with respect to the damage and recovery of stand dynamics and soil accretion processes following the hurricane. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barr, Jordan G.; Engel, Vic] S Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Smith, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Fuentes, JD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jdfuentes@psu.edu OI Barr, Jordan/0000-0002-6460-3463 FU Everglades National Park under the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative [H5284-05-0020]; National Science Foundation [DEB-9910514]; National Institute for Climate Change Research [DE-FC02-06ER64298]; United States Geological Survey; US Army Corps of Engineers [IA-W912EP-03] FX Dan Childers, Jay Zieman, Kevin Kotun, Gordon Anderson, Karen Balentine, James Kathilankal, Kendra Dowell, Dane Barr, and Daniel Sarmiento provided logistical support to complete the studies reported in this manuscript. Caryl Alarcon at ENP provided assistance with GIS software. Everglades National Park provided support under the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (H5284-05-0020). The National Science Foundation, through the Florida Coast Everglades Long-term Ecological Research Program (DEB-9910514), and the National Institute for Climate Change Research (DE-FC02-06ER64298) also provided support for this research. The United States Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies (PES) and the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Monitoring and Assessment Plan (MAP) under Contract # IA-W912EP-03 from the US Army Corps of Engineers provided support to T. Smith. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 153 SI SI BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.022 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903CJ UT WOS:000301093300006 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Yan, T Hamilton, MJ Ishii, S Fujioka, RS Whitman, RL Sadowsky, MJ AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Yan, Tao Hamilton, Matthew J. Ishii, Satoshi Fujioka, Roger S. Whitman, Richard L. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI The population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from subtropical and temperate soils SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Autochthonous population; Indicator bacteria; Biomes; DNA fingerprints; Population structure; Soil environment ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; NEARSHORE WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; PERSISTENCE; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCI; GROWTH AB While genotypically-distinct naturalized Escherichia coli strains have been shown to occur in riparian soils of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior watersheds, comparative analyses of E. coli populations in diverse soils across a range of geographic and climatic conditions have not been investigated. The main objectives of this study were to: (a) examine the population structure and genetic relatedness of E. coli isolates collected from different soil types on a tropical island (Hawaii), and (b) determine if E. coli populations from Hawaii and temperate soils (Indiana, Minnesota) shared similar genotypes that may be reflective of biome-related soil conditions. DNA fingerprint and multivariate statistical analyses were used to examine the population structure and genotypic characteristics of the E. coli isolates. About 33% (98 of 293) of the E. coli from different soil types and locations on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, had unique DNA fingerprints, indicating that these bacteria were relatively diverse; the Shannon diversity index for the population was 4.03. Nearly 60% (171 of 293) of the E. coli isolates from Hawaii clustered into two major groups and the rest, with two or more isolates, fell into one of 22 smaller groups, or individual lineages. Multivariate analysis of variance of 89, 21, and 106 unique E. coli DNA fingerprints for Hawaii, Indiana, and Minnesota soils, respectively, showed that isolates formed tight cohesive groups, clustering mainly by location. However, there were several instances of clonal isolates being shared between geographically different locations. Thus, while nearly identical E. coli strains were shared between disparate climatologically- and geographically-distinct locations, a vast majority of the soil E. coli strains were genotypically diverse and were likely derived from separate lineages. This supports the hypothesis that these bacteria are not unique and multiple genotypes can readily adapt to become part of the soil autochthonous microflora. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamilton, Matthew J.; Ishii, Satoshi; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Yan, Tao] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ishii, Satoshi] Hokkaido Univ, Div Environm Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. [Fujioka, Roger S.] Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 FU University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; BioTechnology Institute; Minnesota Sea Grant program; National Institutes of Health [2T32-GM008347]; USGS Great Lakes Science Center [1677] FX This work was supported, in part, by grants from the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the BioTechnology Institute (to M.J.S.), by grants from the Minnesota Sea Grant program (to M.J.S.), and by training grant 2T32-GM008347 from the National Institutes of Health (to M.J.S.). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This article is Contribution 1677 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 417 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.041 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909IX UT WOS:000301559300031 PM 22264918 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Hubbard, DM Dugan, JE AF Barnard, Patrick L. Hubbard, David M. Dugan, Jenifer E. TI Beach response dynamics of a littoral cell using a 17-year single-point time series of sand thickness SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beaches; Waves; Littoral transport; Beach width; Sand thickness; El Nino ID CALIFORNIA; RATES; COAST AB A 17-year time series of near-daily sand thickness measurements at a single intertidal location was compared with 5 years of semi-annual 3-dimensional beach surveys at the same beach, and at two other beaches within the same littoral cell. The daily single point measurements correlated extremely well with the mean beach elevation and shoreline position of ten high-spatial resolution beach surveys. Correlations were statistically significant at all spatial scales, even for beach surveys 10s of kilometers downcoast, and therefore variability at the single point monitoring site was representative of regional coastal behavior, allowing us to examine nearly two decades of continuous coastal evolution. The annual cycle of beach oscillations dominated the signal, typical of this region, with additional, less intense spectral peaks associated with seasonal wave energy fluctuations (similar to 45 to 90 days), as well as full lunar (similar to 29 days) and semi-lunar (similar to 13 days; spring-neap cycle) tidal cycles. Sand thickness variability was statistically linked to wave energy with a 2 month peak lag, as well as the average of the previous 7-8 months of wave energy. Longer term anomalies in sand thickness were also apparent on time scales up to 15 months. Our analyses suggest that spatially-limited morphological data sets can be extremely valuable (with robust validation) for understanding the details of beach response to wave energy over timescales that are not resolved by typical survey intervals, as well as the regional behavior of coastal systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hubbard, David M.; Dugan, Jenifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov FU Beach Erosion Authority for Clean Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON) through California Department of Boating and Waterways; California Sea Grant Program under NOAA [R/CZ-174, NA06RG0142]; NOAA; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [OCE-9982105, OCE-0620276]; U.S. Department of Interior Minerals Management Service FX The semi-annual beach surveys were primarily funded by the Beach Erosion Authority for Clean Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON) through a grant from the California Department of Boating and Waterways. The project also benefited greatly from the internal support of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and additional funding from United States Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District University of California, Santa Barbara and Coal Oil Point Reserve provided field logistical support. This research was also supported by funding from (1) the California Sea Grant Program Project # R/CZ-174 under NOAA grant #NA06RG0142 through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce; (2) the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER funded by the National Science Foundation (award nos. OCE-9982105 and OCE-0620276) and the U.S. Department of Interior Minerals Management Service. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 139 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.023 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 903YC UT WOS:000301158100048 ER PT J AU Swanson, DA Rose, TR Fiske, RS McGeehin, JP AF Swanson, Donald A. Rose, Timothy R. Fiske, Richard S. McGeehin, John P. TI Keanakako'i Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kilauea's caldera in about 1500 CE SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kilauea; Keanakako'i Tephra; Hawaiian caldera; Kilauea explosive eruption; C-14 age ID VOLCANO; HAWAII; AD; CALIBRATION; INSIGHTS; ASH AB The Keanakako'i Tephra at Kilauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and C-14 evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakakoi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kilauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470-1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kilauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakakcri and collapsed in 1470-1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4-6 km(3) 'Aila'au eruption from the east side of Kilauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakakoi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4-6 km3. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged Aila'au eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kilauea, the Keanakakoi and the Uwekahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halema`uma`u Crater) or the formation of a new caldera. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Rose, Timothy R.; Fiske, Richard S.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Swanson, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM donswan@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 215 BP 8 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905MQ UT WOS:000301276700002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Ford, WM Edwards, JW AF Johnson, Joshua B. Ford, W. Mark Edwards, John W. TI Roost networks of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) in a managed landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fission-fusion; Graph theory; Myotis septentrionalis; Roosting; Social groups; West Virginia ID LONG-EARED BATS; FEMALE BECHSTEINS BATS; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; BIG BROWN BATS; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; CHALINOLOBUS-TUBERCULATUS; MATERNITY COLONIES; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; INDIANA BATS; NEW-ZEALAND AB Maternity groups of many bat species conform to fission-fusion models and movements among diurnal roost trees and individual bats belonging to these groups use networks of roost trees. Forest disturbances may alter roost networks and characteristics of roost trees. Therefore, at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, we examined roost tree networks of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) in forest stands subjected to prescribed fire and in unmanipulated control treatments in 2008 and 2009. Northern myotis formed social groups whose roost areas and roost tree networks overlapped to some extent. Roost tree networks largely resembled scale-free network models, as 61% had a single central node roost tree. In control treatments, central node roost trees were in early stages of decay and surrounded by greater basal area than other trees within the networks. In prescribed fire treatments, central node roost trees were small in diameter, low in the forest canopy, and surrounded by low basal area compared to other trees in networks. Our results indicate that forest disturbances, including prescribed fire, can affect availability and distribution of roosts within roost tree networks. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Joshua B.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Penn Game Commiss, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. EM j-johnson3@juno.com; wmford@vt.edu; jedwards@wvu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station from Division of Forestry and Natural Resources [06-JV-11242300-140]; Florida Power and Light and BHE Environmental to the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station [06-CO-112331-034] FX The U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station Joint Venture Agreement 06-JV-11242300-140 provided primary funding for our study from the National Fire Plan to West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources. Funding for prescribed burning was provided by a Grant from Florida Power and Light and BHE Environmental to the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station through Collection Agreement 06-CO-112331-034. The U.S. Forest Service Monongahela National Forest and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Timber and Watershed Laboratory conducted the prescribed burns. J. DeCarlo, J. Rodrigue, and T. Smith graciously provided field assistance. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 266 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.032 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OM UT WOS:000300751700023 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Lu, Z Ding, XL Jung, HS Feng, GC Lee, CW AF Zhang, Lei Lu, Zhong Ding, Xiaoli Jung, Hyung-sup Feng, Guangcai Lee, Chang-Wook TI Mapping ground surface deformation using temporarily coherent point SAR interferometry: Application to Los Angeles Basin SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Interferometric SAR (InSAR); Coregistration; Phase unwrapping; Subsidence; Phase ambiguity; Least squares ID INTERSEISMIC STRAIN ACCUMULATION; WHITTIER-NARROWS EARTHQUAKE; INGLEWOOD FAULT ZONE; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TIME-SERIES; LINE APPROACH; DENALI FAULT; INSAR; INTERFEROGRAMS AB Multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is an effective tool to detect long-term seismotectonic motions by reducing the atmospheric artifacts, thereby providing more precise deformation signal. The commonly used approaches such as persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithms need to resolve the phase ambiguities in interferogram stacks either by searching a predefined solution space or by sparse phase unwrapping methods; however the efficiency and the success of phase unwrapping cannot be guaranteed. We present here an alternative approach - temporarily coherent point (TCP) InSAR (TCPInSAR) - to estimate the long term deformation rate without the need of phase unwrapping. The proposed approach has a series of innovations including TCP identification. TCP network and TCP least squares estimator. We apply the proposed method to the Los Angeles Basin in southern California where structurally active faults are believed capable of generating damaging earthquakes. The analysis is based on 55 interferograrns from 32 ERS-1/2 images acquired during Oct. 1995 and Dec. 2000. To evaluate the performance of TCPInSAR on a small set of observations, a test with half of interferometric pairs is also performed. The retrieved TCPInSAR measurements have been validated by a comparison with GPS observations from Southern California Integrated GPS Network Our result presents a similar deformation pattern as shown in past InSAR studies but with a smaller average standard deviation (4.6 mm) compared with GPS observations, indicating that TCPInSAR is a promising alternative for efficiently mapping ground deformation even from a relatively smaller set of interferograms. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Zhang, Lei; Ding, Xiaoli; Feng, Guangcai] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Kln, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Jung, Hyung-sup; Lee, Chang-Wook] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov RI Ding, Xiaoli/K-4596-2013; chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Zhang, Lei/A-1412-2014; OI Ding, Xiaoli/0000-0002-5733-3629; Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-8152-2470; Jung, Hyung-Sup/0000-0003-2335-8438 FU Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU5154/10E]; Faculty of Construction and Land Use of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors [2005-0021]; U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program FX This work was supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under Project PolyU5154/10E, by the Faculty of Construction and Land Use of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University under the Sustainable Urbanization Research Fund, by the NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors Program 2005-0021, and by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. The first author would like to thank USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory for a productive stay during his visit The ERS-1/2 SAR data are copyrighted by the European Space Agency and were obtained via WInSAR. We thank G. Bawden, D. George and three anonymous reviewers for the critical reviews and constructive comments. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.020 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 894WX UT WOS:000300459300036 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Healy, RW AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Healy, Richard W. TI Influence of a thin veneer of low-hydraulic-conductivity sediment on modelled exchange between river water and groundwater in response to induced infiltration SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE groundwater; surface-water relations; water supply; seepage; hydraulic conductivity; induced infiltration; riverbank filtration; clogging ID HYPORHEIC INTERSTICES; BANK FILTRATION; FINE SEDIMENTS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; VARIABILITY; METABOLISM; NEBRASKA; COLORADO; AUSTRIA; LAKE AB A thin layer of fine-grained sediment commonly is deposited at the sedimentwater interface of streams and rivers during low-flow conditions, and may hinder exchange at the sedimentwater interface similar to that observed at many riverbank-filtration (RBF) sites. Results from a numerical groundwater-flow model indicate that a low-permeability veneer reduces the contribution of river water to a pumping well in a riparian aquifer to various degrees, depending on simulated hydraulic gradients, hydrogeological properties, and pumping conditions. Seepage of river water is reduced by 510% when a 2-cm thick, low-permeability veneer is present on the bed surface. Increasing thickness of the low-permeability layer to 0.1 m has little effect on distribution of seepage or percentage contribution from the river to the pumping well. A three-orders-of-magnitude reduction in hydraulic conductivity of the veneer is required to reduce seepage from the river to the extent typically associated with clogging at RBF sites. This degree of reduction is much larger than field-measured values that were on the order of a factor of 2025. Over 90% of seepage occurs within 12 m of the shoreline closest to the pumping well for most simulations. Virtually no seepage occurs through the thalweg near the shoreline opposite the pumping well, although no low-permeability sediment was simulated for the thalweg. These results are relevant to natural settings that favour formation of a substantial, low-permeability sediment veneer, as well as central-pivot irrigation systems, and municipal water supplies where river seepage is induced via pumping wells. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.; Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 544 EP 557 DI 10.1002/hyp.8153 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883KC UT WOS:000299631900007 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Klos, PZ Neal, A AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Klos, P. Zion Neal, Andrew TI In situ quantification of spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic exchange in static and mobile gravel-bed rivers SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hyporheic exchange; seepage; hydraulic gradient ID STREAMBED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ALLEGHENY RIVER; SEEPAGE METERS; FINE SEDIMENT; TIME-SERIES; WATER; SURFACE; FILTRATION; SOLUTES; FORMS AB Seepage meters modified for use in flowing water were used to directly measure rates of exchange between surface and subsurface water in a gravel- and cobble bed river in western Pennsylvania, USA (Allegheny River, Qmean = 190 m(3)/s) and a sand- and gravel-bed river in Colorado, USA (South Platte River, Qmean = 9.7 m(3)/s). Study reaches at the Allegheny River were located downstream from a dam. The bed was stable with moss, algae, and river grass present in many locations. Median seepage was + 0.28 m/d and seepage was highly variable among measurement locations. Upward and downward seepage greatly exceeded the median seepage rate, ranging from + 2.26 (upward) to - 3.76 (downward) m/d. At the South Platte River site, substantial local-scale bed topography as well as mobile bedforms resulted in spatial and temporal variability in seepage greatly in exceedence of the median groundwater discharge rate of 0.24 m/d. Both upward and downward seepage were recorded along every transect across the river with rates ranging from + 2.37 to - 3.40 m/d. Despite a stable bed, which commonly facilitates clogging by fine-grained or organic sediments, seepage rates at the Allegheny River were not reduced relative to those at the South Platte River. Seepage rate and direction depended primarily on measurement position relative to local- and meso-scale bed topography at both rivers. Hydraulic gradients were small at nearly all seepage-measurement locations and commonly were not a good indicator of seepage rate or direction. Therefore, measuring hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity at in-stream piezometers may be misleading if used to determine seepage flux across the sediment-water interface. Such a method assumes that flow between the well screen and sediment-water interface is vertical, which appears to be a poor assumption in coarse-grained hyporheic settings. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klos, P. Zion] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Neal, Andrew] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Klos, P. Zion/0000-0002-9563-6065; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1002/hyp.8154 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883KC UT WOS:000299631900012 ER PT J AU Fend, SV Lenat, DR AF Fend, Steven V. Lenat, David R. TI New Eclipidrilus species (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from southeastern North America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Clitellata; Oligochaeta; Lumbriculidae; Eclipidrilus; taxonomy AB Three new species of Lumbriculidae from southeastern North America are attributed to Eclipidrilus Eisen. All are small worms (diameter 0.2-0.5 mm), having semi-prosoporous male ducts with the atria in X, and spermathecae in IX. Eclipidrilus breviatriatus n. sp. and E. microthecus n. sp. have crosshatched atrial musculature, similar to some E. (Eclipidrilus) species, but they differ from congeners in having small, compact spermathecal ampullae. Eclipidrilus macphersonae n. sp. has a single, median atrium and spermatheca. The new species have been collected only in Sandhills and Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain streams of North Carolina. C1 [Fend, Steven V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lenat, David R.] Lenat Consulting Serv, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM svfend@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 15 PY 2012 IS 3194 BP 51 EP 67 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 895QJ UT WOS:000300511000004 ER PT J AU Castoe, TA Poole, AW de Koning, APJ Jones, KL Tomback, DF Oyler-McCance, SJ Fike, JA Lance, SL Streicher, JW Smith, EN Pollock, DD AF Castoe, Todd A. Poole, Alexander W. de Koning, A. P. Jason Jones, Kenneth L. Tomback, Diana F. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fike, Jennifer A. Lance, Stacey L. Streicher, Jeffrey W. Smith, Eric N. Pollock, David D. TI Rapid Microsatellite Identification from Illumina Paired-End Genomic Sequencing in Two Birds and a Snake SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REPEAT ARRAYS; EVOLUTION; CHICKEN; MARKERS; DESIGN; SIZE AB Identification of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), can be a time-consuming and costly investment requiring enrichment, cloning, and sequencing of candidate loci. Recently, however, high throughput sequencing (with or without prior enrichment for specific SSR loci) has been utilized to identify SSR loci. The direct "Seq-to-SSR'' approach has an advantage over enrichment-based strategies in that it does not require a priori selection of particular motifs, or prior knowledge of genomic SSR content. It has been more expensive per SSR locus recovered, however, particularly for genomes with few SSR loci, such as bird genomes. The longer but relatively more expensive 454 reads have been preferred over less expensive Illumina reads. Here, we use Illumina paired-end sequence data to identify potentially amplifiable SSR loci (PALs) from a snake (the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus), and directly compare these results to those from 454 data. We also compare the python results to results from Illumina sequencing of two bird genomes (Gunnison Sage-grouse, Centrocercus minimus, and Clark's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana), which have considerably fewer SSRs than the python. We show that direct Illumina Seq-to-SSR can identify and characterize thousands of potentially amplifiable SSR loci for as little as $10 per sample - a fraction of the cost of 454 sequencing. Given that Illumina Seq-to-SSR is effective, inexpensive, and reliable even for species such as birds that have few SSR loci, it seems that there are now few situations for which prior hybridization is justifiable. C1 [Castoe, Todd A.; Poole, Alexander W.; de Koning, A. P. Jason; Jones, Kenneth L.; Pollock, David D.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Tomback, Diana F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lance, Stacey L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Streicher, Jeffrey W.; Smith, Eric N.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol & Amphibian, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Streicher, Jeffrey W.; Smith, Eric N.] Univ Texas Arlington, Reptile Divers Res Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Castoe, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM David.Pollock@ucdenver.edu RI Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013; Pollock, David/M-4740-2016 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733; Pollock, David/0000-0002-7627-4214 FU National Institutes of Health [GM083127]; University of Colorado; CRISP (University of Colorado Denver, Denver campus); Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; Colorado Division of Wildlife FX The authors acknowledge the support of the National Institutes of Health (R01, GM083127) and University of Colorado setup funds to DDP, and a CRISP Award (University of Colorado Denver, Denver campus) to DFT. SLL was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. The Gunnison Sage-grouse sample was obtained as the result of previous research funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e30953 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030953 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 925CF UT WOS:000302737400008 PM 22348032 ER PT J AU Chen, J Wu, YP AF Chen, Ji Wu, Yiping TI Advancing representation of hydrologic processes in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) through integration of the TOPographic MODEL (TOPMODEL) features SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWAT; TOPMODEL; Surface runoff; Groundwater re-evaporation; Baseflow; Saturated fraction ID NORTH-AMERICA; BASIN; SENSITIVITY AB This paper presents a study of the integration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the TOPographic MODEL (TOPMODEL) features for enhancing the physical representation of hydrologic processes. In SWAT, four hydrologic processes, which are surface runoff, baseflow, groundwater re-evaporation and deep aquifer percolation, are modeled by using a group of empirical equations. The empirical equations usually constrain the simulation capability of relevant processes. To replace these equations and to model the influences of topography and water table variation on streamflow generation, the TOPMODEL features are integrated into SWAT, and a new model, the so-called SWAT-TOP, is developed. In the new model, the process of deep aquifer percolation is removed, the concept of groundwater re-evaporation is refined, and the processes of surface runoff and baseflow are remodeled. Consequently, three parameters in SWAT are discarded, and two new parameters to reflect the TOPMODEL features are introduced. SWAT-TOP and SWAT are applied to the East River basin in South China, and the results reveal that, compared with SWAT, the new model can provide a more reasonable simulation of the hydrologic processes of surface runoff, groundwater re-evaporation, and baseflow. This study evidences that an established hydrologic model can be further improved by integrating the features of another model, which is a possible way to enhance our understanding of the workings of catchments. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Ji; Wu, Yiping] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Haking Wong Bldg,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM jichen@hkucc.hku.hk RI Chen, Ji/C-1795-2009; Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU Hong Kong RGC GRF [HKU 711008E, HKU710910E] FX This research was supported by two Hong Kong RGC GRF projects (HKU 711008E and HKU710910E). The authors are grateful for the valuable review comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 420 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.022 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 902ZF UT WOS:000301082000027 ER PT J AU Ponton, C Giosan, L Eglinton, TI Fuller, DQ Johnson, JE Kumar, P Collett, TS AF Ponton, Camilo Giosan, Liviu Eglinton, Tim I. Fuller, Dorian Q. Johnson, Joel E. Kumar, Pushpendra Collett, Tim S. TI Holocene aridification of India SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST MONSOON; SUMMER MONSOON; VARIABILITY; RECORDS; CARBON; OCEAN; ASIA; CIVILIZATION; MILLENNIUM; DYNAMICS AB Spanning a latitudinal range typical for deserts, the Indian peninsula is fertile instead and sustains over a billion people through monsoonal rains. Despite the strong link between climate and society, our knowledge of the long-term monsoon variability is incomplete over the Indian subcontinent. Here we reconstruct the Holocene paleoclimate in the core monsoon zone (CMZ) of the Indian peninsula using a sediment core recovered offshore from the mouth of Godavari River. Carbon isotopes of sedimentary leaf waxes provide an integrated and regionally extensive record of the flora in the CMZ and document a gradual increase in aridity-adapted vegetation from similar to 4,000 until 1,700 years ago followed by the persistence of aridity-adapted plants after that. The oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber detects unprecedented high salinity events in the Bay of Bengal over the last 3,000 years, and especially after 1,700 years ago, which suggest that the CMZ aridification intensified in the late Holocene through a series of sub-millennial dry episodes. Cultural changes occurred across the Indian subcontinent as the climate became more arid after similar to 4,000 years. Sedentary agriculture took hold in the drying central and south India, while the urban Harappan civilization collapsed in the already arid Indus basin. The establishment of a more variable hydroclimate over the last ca. 1,700 years may have led to the rapid proliferation of water-conservation technology in south India. Citation: Ponton, C., L. Giosan, T. I. Eglinton, D. Q. Fuller, J. E. Johnson, P. Kumar, and T. S. Collett (2012), Holocene aridification of India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L03704, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050722. C1 [Ponton, Camilo] MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & E, Cambridge, MA USA. [Ponton, Camilo; Giosan, Liviu; Eglinton, Tim I.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Eglinton, Tim I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Fuller, Dorian Q.] UCL, Inst Archaeol, London WC1H 0PY, England. [Johnson, Joel E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kumar, Pushpendra] Inst Engn & Ocean Technol, Navi Mumbai 410221, India. [Collett, Tim S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ponton, C (reprint author), MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & E, Cambridge, MA USA. EM lgiosan@whoi.edu RI Fuller, Dorian/C-1908-2008; Giosan, Liviu/F-1809-2010; OI Fuller, Dorian/0000-0002-4859-080X; Giosan, Liviu/0000-0001-6769-5204; Johnson, Joel/0000-0002-5671-7209 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0841736, OCE-0623766]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX We thank colleagues and crew from the NGHP-01 expedition for intellectual interactions leading to this work. We also thank Daniel Montlucon, Carl Johnson and Allan Gagnon for their assistance in producing the lab data. We benefited from discussions with Valier Galy and Olivier Marchal and reviews by Mahyar Mohtadi, Max Berkelhammer and one anonymous reviewer. This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0841736 and OCE-0623766) and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 85 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L03704 DI 10.1029/2011GL050722 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 899MN UT WOS:000300820100004 ER PT J AU Dorcas, ME Willson, JD Reed, RN Snow, RW Rochford, MR Miller, MA Meshaka, WE Andreadis, PT Mazzotti, FJ Romagosa, CM Hart, KM AF Dorcas, Michael E. Willson, John D. Reed, Robert N. Snow, Ray W. Rochford, Michael R. Miller, Melissa A. Meshaka, Walter E., Jr. Andreadis, Paul T. Mazzotti, Frank J. Romagosa, Christina M. Hart, Kristen M. TI Severe mammal declines coincide with proliferation of invasive Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE invasion biology; population declines; top-down regulation; reptiles ID UNITED-STATES; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; FLORIDA; MORTALITY; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTIONS; IMPACTS; BIOLOGY; SNAKE AB Invasive species represent a significant threat to global biodiversity and a substantial economic burden. Burmese pythons, giant constricting snakes native to Asia, now are found throughout much of southern Florida, including all of Everglades National Park (ENP). Pythons have increased dramatically in both abundance and geographic range since 2000 and consume a wide variety of mammals and birds. Here we report severe apparent declines in mammal populations that coincide temporally and spatially with the proliferation of pythons in ENP. Before 2000, mammals were encountered frequently during nocturnal road surveys within ENP. In contrast, road surveys totaling 56,971 km from 2003-2011 documented a 99.3% decrease in the frequency of raccoon observations, decreases of 98.9% and 87.5% for opossum and bobcat observations, respectively, and failed to detect rabbits. Road surveys also revealed that these species are more common in areas where pythons have been discovered only recently and are most abundant outside the python's current introduced range. These findings suggest that predation by pythons has resulted in dramatic declines in mammals within ENP and that introduced apex predators, such as giant constrictors, can exert significant top-down pressure on prey populations. Severe declines in easily observed and/or common mammals, such as raccoons and bobcats, bode poorly for species of conservation concern, which often are more difficult to sample and occur at lower densities. C1 [Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Willson, John D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Rochford, Michael R.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Miller, Melissa A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Meshaka, Walter E., Jr.] State Museum Penn, Harrisburg, PA 17120 USA. [Andreadis, Paul T.] Denison Univ, Dept Biol, Granville, OH 43023 USA. [Romagosa, Christina M.] Auburn Univ, Ctr Forest Sustainabil, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Dorcas, ME (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. EM midorcas@davidson.edu FU Davidson College; Duke Energy; J. E. and Majorie B. Pittman Foundation, Inc.; Center for Forest Sustainability at Auburn University; US Geological Survey; National Park Service FX We thank J. Holbrook, C. Gillette, S. Goetz, S. Pfaff, R. Rozar, and D. Smith for providing data and information used in this study. S. Price and G. H. Rodda provided comments that improved the manuscript. Support was provided by Davidson College, Duke Energy, the J. E. and Majorie B. Pittman Foundation, Inc., the Center for Forest Sustainability at Auburn University, US Geological Survey Ecosystems Program, US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and the National Park Service. NR 43 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 63 U2 476 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 7 BP 2418 EP 2422 DI 10.1073/pnas.1115226109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895IH UT WOS:000300489200054 PM 22308381 ER PT J AU Barnes, RT Smith, RL Aiken, GR AF Barnes, Rebecca T. Smith, Richard L. Aiken, George R. TI Linkages between denitrification and dissolved organic matter quality, Boulder Creek watershed, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRONT RANGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LAND-USE; CARBON; CYCLE; USA; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) fuels the majority of in-stream microbial processes, including the removal of nitrate via denitrification. However, little is known about how the chemical composition of DOM influences denitrification rates. Water and sediment samples were collected across an ecosystem gradient, spanning the alpine to plains, in central Colorado to determine whether the chemical composition of DOM was related to denitrification rates. Laboratory bioassays measured denitrification potentials using the acetylene block technique and carbon mineralization via aerobic bioassays, while organic matter characteristics were evaluated using spectroscopic and fractionation methods. Denitrification potentials under ambient and elevated nitrate concentrations were strongly correlated with aerobic respiration rates and the percent mineralized carbon, suggesting that information about the aerobic metabolism of a system can provide valuable insight regarding the ability of the system to additionally reduce nitrate. Multiple linear regressions (MLR) revealed that under elevated nitrate concentrations denitrification potentials were positively related to the presence of protein-like fluorophores and negatively related to more aromatic and oxidized fractions of the DOM pool. Using MLR, the chemical composition of DOM, carbon, and nitrate concentrations explained 70% and 78% of the observed variability in denitrification potential under elevated and ambient nitrate conditions, respectively. Thus, it seems likely that DOM optical properties could help to improve predictions of nitrate removal in the environment. Finally, fluorescence measurements revealed that bacteria used both protein and humic-like organic molecules during denitrification providing further evidence that larger, more aromatic molecules are not necessarily recalcitrant in the environment. C1 [Barnes, Rebecca T.; Smith, Richard L.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Barnes, Rebecca T.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barnes, RT (reprint author), Bard Coll, Bard Ctr Environm Policy, 30 Campus Rd,POB 5000, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. EM becca.barnes@gmail.com RI Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011 OI Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR 0814457]; U.S. Geological Survey [NSF-EAR 0724960]; Niwot Long-Term Ecological Research Site [NSF DEB 0423662] FX We would like to thank D. Repert and J. Crawford for assistance with the laboratory experiments; K. Butler and C. Hart for chemical analyses; and L. Larsen, S. Ewing, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was done in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Program, Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory (NSF-EAR 0724960), and Niwot Long-Term Ecological Research Site (NSF DEB 0423662) and supported by a National Science Foundation award (NSF-EAR 0814457) to R.T.B. The use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 69 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 11 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01014 DI 10.1029/2011JG001749 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 891UT UT WOS:000300242800002 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Germino, MJ Glenn, NF AF Sankey, Joel B. Germino, Matthew J. Glenn, Nancy F. TI Dust supply varies with sagebrush microsites and time since burning in experimental erosion events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION HETEROGENEITY; AEOLIAN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SOIL CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; WIND EROSION; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; TEMPORAL INFLUENCE; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; WATER REPELLENCY; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Wind erosion and large dust plumes are an increasingly important attribute in cold-desert rangelands, particularly as wildfire increases. Fire reduces vegetation, which increases erosivity. Whether sediment supply increases after fire has not been determined in this environment. We asked how sediment supply varied among sites burned 2-months to 5-years previously, in comparison to unburned sagebrush steppe, across 500 km of southern Idaho, USA. We measured potential dust emissions (PM10, particles <10 mu m diameter) in response to step changes in friction velocity (u(*)), with a field-based wind tunnel analog (PI-SWERL, Portable In Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory). We evaluated how emissions, sediment supply, and a proxy of erodibility varied among the microsite soil patterning in these sites (shrub islands and interspaces). Emissions were three orders of magnitude greater on burned compared to unburned surfaces, especially where shrubs had existed and sites burned more recently. Greater emission rates were due to greater sediment supply, whereas the proxy of erodibility did not vary among the surfaces for dry conditions that prevail during large wind erosion events (near -150 MPa at the surface). Wetter surface conditions, similar to those after precipitation or snowmelt, resulted in less dust emission on a recently burned site. Dust supply increases in initial postfire years especially on microsites that previously had shrubs. Abundance of shrubs is responsive to management practices that affect prefire vegetation, and grazing-induced increases in shrubs might, for example, render a site more vulnerable to dust emissions following fire. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sankey, Joel B.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Glenn, Nancy F.] Idaho State Univ Boise, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014 OI Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0481]; Bureau of Land Management FX This material is based on work supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant W911NF-07-1-0481. Additional funding was provided by the Bureau of Land Management. We acknowledge Teri Peterson at the Idaho State University Office of Research for help with statistical analysis. Jeremy Greth assisted with soil analysis and Jan Eitel and Amber Hoover assisted in the field. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 11 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01013 DI 10.1029/2011JG001724 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 891UT UT WOS:000300242800001 ER PT J AU Schwilk, DW Keeley, JE AF Schwilk, Dylan W. Keeley, Jon E. TI A Plant Distribution Shift: Temperature, Drought or Past Disturbance? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE HISTORY; CALIFORNIA; CEANOTHUS; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS AB Simple models of plant response to warming climates predict vegetation moving to cooler and/or wetter locations: in mountainous regions shifting upslope. However, species-specific responses to climate change are likely to be much more complex. We re-examined a recently reported vegetation shift in the Santa Rosa Mountains, California, to better understand the mechanisms behind the reported shift of a plant distribution upslope. We focused on five elevational zones near the center of the gradient that captured many of the reported shifts and which are dominated by fire-prone chaparral. Using growth rings, we determined that a major assumption of the previous work was wrong: past fire histories differed among elevations. To examine the potential effect that this difference might have on the reported upward shift, we focused on one species, Ceanothus greggii: a shrub that only recruits post-fire from a soil stored seedbank. For five elevations used in the prior study, we calculated time series of past per-capita mortality rates by counting growth rings on live and dead individuals. We tested three alternative hypotheses explaining the past patterns of mortality: 1) mortality increased over time consistent with climate warming, 2) mortality was correlated with drought indices, and 3) mortality peaked 40-50 years post fire at each site, consistent with self-thinning. We found that the sites were different ages since the last fire, and that the reported increase in the mean elevation of C. greggii was due to higher recent mortality at the lower elevations, which were younger sites. The time-series pattern of mortality was best explained by the self-thinning hypothesis and poorly explained by gradual warming or drought. At least for this species, the reported distribution shift appears to be an artifact of disturbance history and is not evidence of a climate warming effect. C1 [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Schwilk, DW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM dylan.schwilk@ttu.edu FU USGS FX This project was mostly unfunded; however, the field crew during the 2009 field work was partly funded by the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project funding to Jon Keeley. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding received for this study. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31173 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031173 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZX UT WOS:000302730900021 PM 22348051 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Gordon, J AF La Peyre, Megan K. Gordon, John TI Nekton density patterns and hurricane recovery in submerged aquatic vegetation, and along non-vegetated natural and created edge habitats SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SAV; mesohaline; nekton; fishery habitats ID FRESH-WATER; GALVESTON BAY; SALT MARSHES; SEQUENTIAL HURRICANES; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; RUPPIA-MARITIMA; FLORIDA ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; PAMLICO SOUND; BRETON SOUND AB We compared nekton habitat value of submerged aquatic vegetation, flooded non-vegetated natural and man-made edge habitats in mesohaline interior marsh areas in southwest Louisiana using a 1-m(2) throw trap and 3-mm bag seine. When present, SAV habitats supported close to 4 times greater densities and higher species richness of nekton as compared to either natural or man-made edge habitats, which supported similar densities to one another. Three species of concern (bayou killifish, diamond killifish, chain pipefish) were targeted in the analysis, and two of the three were collected almost entirely in SAV habitat. During the course of the study, Hurricanes Ike and Gustav passed directly over the study sites in September 2008. Subsequent analyses indicated significant reductions in resident nekton density 1-mo post hurricanes, and only limited recovery 13-mo post-hurricane. Possible alteration of environmental characteristics such as scouring of SAV habitat, deposition of sediment over SAV, edge erosion and marsh loss, and extended high salinities may explain these lasting impacts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, State Wildlife [T-51-R] FX This was partially funded by U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant T-51-R. This grant was administered by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Thanks to Whitney Gayle and Anna Catallanello for processing the bulk of samples in the laboratory. Thanks also to Bryan Piazza, Shannon Martin, Austin Humphries, Bryan Gossman, April Mason, Sandra Casas, Shea Miller, and Mason Piehler who helped with field sampling. Thanks to Sarai Piazza (USGS) for providing early access to CRMS data. Comments from Dr. Andy Nyman (LSU), Chris Llewellyn (EPA) and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved early versions of this manuscript. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names, or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 98 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.12.010 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 899GT UT WOS:000300805100011 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Schofield, PJ Gregoire, DR AF Hart, Kristen M. Schofield, Pamela J. Gregoire, Denise R. TI Experimentally derived salinity tolerance of hatchling Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) from the Everglades, Florida (USA) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burmese python; Everglades; Experiment; Salinity tolerance; Survival ID SEA-WATER; ESTUARINE; SNAKES; SIZE AB In a laboratory setting, we tested the ability of 24 non-native, wild-caught hatchling Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) collected in the Florida Everglades to survive when given water containing salt to drink. After a one-month acclimation period in the laboratory, we grouped snakes into three treatments, giving them access to water that was fresh (salinity of 0, control), brackish (salinity of 10), or full-strength sea water (salinity of 35). Hatchlings survived about one month at the highest marine salinity and about five months at the brackish-water salinity; no control animals perished during the experiment. These results are indicative of a "worst-case scenario", as in the laboratory we denied access to alternate fresh-water sources that may be accessible in the wild (e.g., through rainfall). Therefore, our results may underestimate the potential of hatchling pythons to persist in saline habitats in the wild. Because of the effect of different salinity regimes on survival, predictions of ultimate geographic expansion by non-native Burmese pythons that consider salt water as barriers to dispersal for pythons may warrant re-evaluation, especially under global climate change and associated sea-level-rise scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.; Gregoire, Denise R.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX We are grateful to S Snow (Everglades National Park) and M Rochford (University of Florida) for assistance in collecting and transporting the hatchling pythons and FJ Mazzotti (University of Florida) for earlier insightful discussions of python salinity tolerance. Several colleagues at the US Geological Survey (W Hyde, S Ruessler, M Brown, and V Gregoire) provided assistance in the laboratory. This study was carried out under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval USGS/FISC 2009-05; partial funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. [SS] NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 413 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.11.021 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902IJ UT WOS:000301031500009 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Manies, KL O'Donnell, J Johnson, K Frolking, S Fan, ZS AF Harden, Jennifer W. Manies, Kristen L. O'Donnell, Jonathan Johnson, Kristofer Frolking, Steve Fan, Zhaosheng TI Spatiotemporal analysis of black spruce forest soils and implications for the fate of C SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM CARBON STORAGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE; RESPIRATION; CHRONOSEQUENCE; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY AB Post-fire storage of carbon (C) in organic-soil horizons was measured in one Canadian and three Alaskan chronosequences in black spruce forests, together spanning stand ages of nearly 200 yrs. We used a simple mass balance model to derive estimates of inputs, losses, and accumulation rates of C on timescales of years to centuries. The model performed well for the surface and total organic soil layers and presented questions for resolving the dynamics of deeper organic soils. C accumulation in all study areas is on the order of 20-40 gC/m(2)/yr for stand ages up to similar to 200 yrs. Much larger fluxes, both positive and negative, are detected using incremental changes in soil C stocks and by other studies using eddy covariance methods for CO2. This difference suggests that over the course of stand replacement, about 80% of all net primary production (NPP) is returned to the atmosphere within a fire cycle, while about 20% of NPP enters the organic soil layers and becomes available for stabilization or loss via decomposition, leaching, or combustion. Shifts toward more frequent and more severe burning and degradation of deep organic horizons would likely result in an acceleration of the carbon cycle, with greater CO2 emissions from these systems overall. C1 [Harden, Jennifer W.; Manies, Kristen L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan; Johnson, Kristofer] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Frolking, Steve] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fan, Zhaosheng] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 962,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jharden@usgs.gov FU USGS; NSF [EAR-0630249]; NASA [NNX09AQ36G] FX We thank Torre Jorgenson, Misha Kanevskiy, and Stephanie Ewing for field insights at the Taylor Highway site. Many thanks to A. D. McGuire and E. Kane for thoughtful reviews and to Sue Trumbore for her review and for longstanding collaborations and guidance with 14C data. This research was supported by USGS Global Change programs, NSF Collaborative Grant EAR-0630249, the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, and NASA Grant NNX09AQ36G. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01012 DI 10.1029/2011JG001826 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 891UR UT WOS:000300242600001 ER PT J AU Oskin, ME Arrowsmith, JR Corona, AH Elliott, AJ Fletcher, JM Fielding, EJ Gold, PO Garcia, JJG Hudnut, KW Liu-Zeng, J Teran, OJ AF Oskin, Michael E. Arrowsmith, J. Ramon Hinojosa Corona, Alejandro Elliott, Austin J. Fletcher, John M. Fielding, Eric J. Gold, Peter O. Gonzalez Garcia, J. Javier Hudnut, Ken W. Liu-Zeng, Jing Teran, Orlando J. TI Near-Field Deformation from the El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake Revealed by Differential LIDAR SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1999 HECTOR MINE; SURFACE RUPTURE; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; LAGUNA-SALADA; FAULT; MEXICO; IRAN; CHINA; ZONE AB Large [moment magnitude (M-w) >= 7] continental earthquakes often generate complex, multifault ruptures linked by enigmatic zones of distributed deformation. Here, we report the collection and results of a high-resolution (>= nine returns per square meter) airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the 2010 M-w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake that produced a 120-kilometer-long multifault rupture through northernmost Baja California, Mexico. This differential LIDAR survey completely captures an earthquake surface rupture in a sparsely vegetated region with pre-earthquake lower-resolution (5-meter-pixel) LIDAR data. The postevent survey reveals numerous surface ruptures, including previously undocumented blind faults within thick sediments of the Colorado River delta. Differential elevation changes show distributed, kilometer-scale bending strains as large as similar to 10(3) microstrains in response to slip along discontinuous faults cutting crystalline bedrock of the Sierra Cucapah. C1 [Oskin, Michael E.; Elliott, Austin J.; Gold, Peter O.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Arrowsmith, J. Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hinojosa Corona, Alejandro; Fletcher, John M.; Gonzalez Garcia, J. Javier; Teran, Orlando J.] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hudnut, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Liu-Zeng, Jing] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Natl Key Lab Earthquake Dy nam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Oskin, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM meoskin@ucdavis.edu RI Liu-Zeng, Jing/F-8582-2011; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hinojosa-Corona, Alejandro/L-5422-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Hinojosa-Corona, Alejandro/0000-0002-2282-337X; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Elliott, Austin/0000-0001-5924-7268 FU NSF RAPID [EAR-1039168, 1039147]; NSF [EAR-0106924]; U.S. Geological Survey [02HQAG0008]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [CB-2007-81463]; NASA's Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area FX LIDAR data acquisition supported by an NSF RAPID grant (EAR-1039168 and 1039147), with additional support from the Southern California Earthquake Center (supported by NSF-EAR-0106924 and U.S. Geological Survey grant 02HQAG0008) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (grant CB-2007-81463). Part of this research was supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area and performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Y. Fialko, D. Sandwell, J. Galetzka, and A. Gonzalez assisted with Global Positioning System data acquisition and processing. C. Crosby, D. Haddad, O. Kreylos, A. Morelan, and T. Sato provided editorial and computational assistance. The National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping gathered and processed the postevent LIDAR data, distributed at OpenTopography (http://opentopography.org/id/OTLAS.122010.32611.1). We thank INEGI for granting access to the pre-event LIDAR data used for this study. Pre-event LIDAR digital elevation model and derived elevation difference data for the Sierra Cucapah rupture zone are available in the supporting online material. NR 29 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 44 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 10 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6069 BP 702 EP 705 DI 10.1126/science.1213778 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 889AY UT WOS:000300047100048 PM 22323817 ER PT J AU Addison, JA Finney, BP Dean, WE Davies, MH Mix, AC Stoner, JS Jaeger, JM AF Addison, Jason A. Finney, Bruce P. Dean, Walter E. Davies, Maureen H. Mix, Alan C. Stoner, Joseph S. Jaeger, John M. TI Productivity and sedimentary delta N-15 variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; NITROGEN ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; SOUTHWESTERN OKHOTSK SEA; ANOXIC MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; EASTERN BERING-SEA; ORGANIC-MATTER; LATE QUATERNARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREENLAND ICE AB Biogenic opal, organic carbon, organic matter stable isotope, and trace metal data from a well-dated, high-resolution jumbo piston core (EW0408-85JC; 59 degrees 33.3'N, 144 degrees 9.21'W, 682 m water depth) recovered from the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope reveal changes in productivity and nutrient utilization over the last 17,000 years. Maximum values of opal concentration (similar to 10%) occur during the deglacial Bolling-Allerod (B-A) interval and earliest Holocene (11.2 to 10.8 cal ka BP), moderate values (similar to 6%) occur during the Younger Dryas (13.0 to 11.2 cal ka BP) and Holocene, and minimum values (similar to 3.5%) occur during the Late Glacial Interval (LGI). When converted to opal mass accumulation rates, the highest values (similar to 5000 g cm(-2) kyr(-1)) occur during the LGI prior to 16.7 cal ka BP, which points to a strong influence by LGI glacimarine sedimentation regimes. Similar patterns are also observed in total organic carbon and cadmium paleoproductivity proxies. Mid-Holocene peaks in the terrestrial organic matter fraction at 5.5, 4.7, 3.5, and 1.2 cal ka BP indicate periods of enhanced delivery of glaciomarine sediments by the Alaska Coastal Current. The B-A and earliest Holocene intervals are laminated, and enrichments of redox-sensitive elements suggest dysoxic-to-anoxic conditions in the water column. The laminations are also associated with mildly enriched sedimentary delta N-15 ratios, indicating a link between productivity, nitrogen cycle dynamics, and sedimentary anoxia. After applying a correction for terrestrial delta N-15 contributions based on end-member mixing models of terrestrial and marine organic matter, the resulting B-A marine delta N-15 (6.3 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand) ratios are consistent with either mild denitrification, or increased nitrate utilization. These findings can be explained by increased micronutrient (Fe) availability during episodes of rapid rising sea level that released iron from the previously subaerial coastal plain; iron input from enhanced terrestrial runoff; and/or the intermittent presence of seasonal sea ice resulting from altered ocean/atmospheric circulation during the B-A in the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Addison, Jason A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Davies, Maureen H.; Mix, Alan C.; Stoner, Joseph S.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jaeger, John M.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Addison, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM jaddison@usgs.gov; finney@isu.edu; dean@usgs.gov; mdavies@coas.oregonstate.edu; mix@coas.oregonstate.edu; jstoner@coas.oregonstate.edu; jmjaeger@ufl.edu OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research [NA17RJ1224]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NSF [OCE-0351075]; USGS; UAF Center for Global Change FX We thank the crew and scientific party of cruise EW0408 onboard the R/V Maurice Ewing, as well as Bobbi Conard and Mysti Weber of the Oregon State University core repository. Analytical assistance provided by Andrea Krumhardt, Tara Borland, Jamie Coon, and Jennifer Addison was invaluable, as was the support of the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility. The manuscript benefited greatly from discussions with Fred Prahl, John Barron, and Lesleigh Anderson. Sedimentary delta15N data from ODP Site 887 and MD02-2496 were provided by Eric Galbraith and Alice Chang, respectively. This publication results in part from a UAF Center for Global Change Student Award to J.A.A. funded by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research through cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. B. P. F. was supported through NSF grant OCE-0351075. W. E. D. was supported by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program. Editorial comments provided by Rainer Zahn, Alexander van Geen, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. NR 148 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB 9 PY 2012 VL 27 AR PA1206 DI 10.1029/2011PA002161 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 893BM UT WOS:000300330300001 ER PT J AU Bevins, SN Carver, S Boydston, EE Lyren, LM Alldredge, M Logan, KA Riley, SPD Fisher, RN Vickers, TW Boyce, W Salman, M Lappin, MR Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Bevins, Sarah N. Carver, Scott Boydston, Erin E. Lyren, Lisa M. Alldredge, Mat Logan, Kenneth A. Riley, Seth P. D. Fisher, Robert N. Vickers, T. Winston Boyce, Walter Salman, Mo Lappin, Michael R. Crooks, Kevin R. VandeWoude, Sue TI Three Pathogens in Sympatric Populations of Pumas, Bobcats, and Domestic Cats: Implications for Infectious Disease Transmission SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BARTONELLA INFECTION; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; PREVALENCE; RISK; WILD; CONSERVATION AB Anthropogenic landscape change can lead to increased opportunities for pathogen transmission between domestic and non-domestic animals. Pumas, bobcats, and domestic cats are sympatric in many areas of North America and share many of the same pathogens, some of which are zoonotic. We analyzed bobcat, puma, and feral domestic cat samples collected from targeted geographic areas. We examined exposure to three pathogens that are taxonomically diverse (bacterial, protozoal, viral), that incorporate multiple transmission strategies (vector-borne, environmental exposure/ingestion, and direct contact), and that vary in species-specificity. Bartonella spp., Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), and Toxoplasma gondii IgG were detected in all three species with mean respective prevalence as follows: puma 16%, 41% and 75%; bobcat 31%, 22% and 43%; domestic cat 45%, 10% and 1%. Bartonella spp. were highly prevalent among domestic cats in Southern California compared to other cohort groups. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus exposure was primarily associated with species and age, and was not influenced by geographic location. Pumas were more likely to be infected with FIV than bobcats, with domestic cats having the lowest infection rate. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was high in both pumas and bobcats across all sites; in contrast, few domestic cats were seropositive, despite the fact that feral, free ranging domestic cats were targeted in this study. Interestingly, a directly transmitted species-specific disease (FIV) was not associated with geographic location, while exposure to indirectly transmitted diseases - vector-borne for Bartonella spp. and ingestion of oocysts via infected prey or environmental exposure for T. gondii - varied significantly by site. Pathogens transmitted by direct contact may be more dependent upon individual behaviors and intra-specific encounters. Future studies will integrate host density, as well as landscape features, to better understand the mechanisms driving disease exposure and to predict zones of cross-species pathogen transmission among wild and domestic felids. C1 [Bevins, Sarah N.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Carver, Scott; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.; Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Alldredge, Mat] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Logan, Kenneth A.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Montrose, CO USA. [Riley, Seth P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Vickers, T. Winston; Boyce, Walter] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Salman, Mo; Lappin, Michael R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bevins, SN (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. EM bevins@rams.colostate.edu RI Carver, Scott/J-7654-2014 OI Carver, Scott/0000-0002-3579-7588 FU NSF [NSF EF-0723676] FX This study was supported by NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF EF-0723676). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31403 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031403 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZP UT WOS:000302730100067 PM 22347471 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Weber, PK Wikert, JD Workman, ML MacFarlane, RB Grove, MJ Schmitt, AK AF Johnson, Rachel C. Weber, Peter K. Wikert, John D. Workman, Michelle L. MacFarlane, R. Bruce Grove, Marty J. Schmitt, Axel K. TI Managed Metapopulations: Do Salmon Hatchery 'Sources' Lead to In-River 'Sinks' in Conservation? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; WILD; FISH; OTOLITHS; CALIFORNIA; SULFUR AB Maintaining viable populations of salmon in the wild is a primary goal for many conservation and recovery programs. The frequency and extent of connectivity among natal sources defines the demographic and genetic boundaries of a population. Yet, the role that immigration of hatchery-produced adults may play in altering population dynamics and fitness of natural populations remains largely unquantified. Quantifying, whether natural populations are self-sustaining, functions as sources (population growth rate in the absence of dispersal, lambda>1), or as sinks (lambda<1) can be obscured by an inability to identify immigrants. In this study we use a new isotopic approach to demonstrate that a natural spawning population of Chinook salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) considered relatively healthy, represents a sink population when the contribution of hatchery immigrants is taken into consideration. We retrieved sulfur isotopes (S-34/S-32, referred to as delta S-34) in adult Chinook salmon otoliths (ear bones) that were deposited during their early life history as juveniles to determine whether individuals were produced in hatcheries or naturally in rivers. Our results show that only 10.3% (CI = 5.5 to 18.1%) of adults spawning in the river had otolith delta S-34 values less than 8.5%, which is characteristic of naturally produced salmon. When considering the total return to the watershed (total fish in river and hatchery), we estimate that 90.7 to 99.3% (CI) of returning adults were produced in a hatchery (best estimate = 95.9%). When population growth rate of the natural population was modeled to account for the contribution of previously unidentified hatchery immigrants, we found that hatchery-produced fish caused the false appearance of positive population growth. These findings highlight the potential dangers in ignoring source-sink dynamics in recovering natural populations, and question the extent to which declines in natural salmon populations are undetected by monitoring programs. C1 [Johnson, Rachel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Wikert, John D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anadromous Fish Restorat Program, Stockton, CA USA. [Workman, Michelle L.] E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Lodi, CA USA. [MacFarlane, R. Bruce] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Grove, Marty J.; Schmitt, Axel K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM rbarnettjohnson@usbr.gov RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; OI Schmitt, Axel/0000-0002-9029-4211 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation FX RBJ, PW, and RBM gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Anadromous Fish Restoration Program for awarding the grant that funded this project. The ion microprobe facility at UCLA is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e28880 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028880 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924ZP UT WOS:000302730100003 PM 22347362 ER PT J AU Newman, SH Hill, NJ Spragens, KA Janies, D Voronkin, IO Prosser, DJ Yan, BP Lei, FM Batbayar, N Natsagdorj, T Bishop, CM Butler, PJ Wikelski, M Balachandran, S Mundkur, T Douglas, DC Takekawa, JY AF Newman, Scott H. Hill, Nichola J. Spragens, Kyle A. Janies, Daniel Voronkin, Igor O. Prosser, Diann J. Yan, Baoping Lei, Fumin Batbayar, Nyambayar Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag Bishop, Charles M. Butler, Patrick J. Wikelski, Martin Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal Mundkur, Taej Douglas, David C. Takekawa, John Y. TI Eco-Virological Approach for Assessing the Role of Wild Birds in the Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 along the Central Asian Flyway SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC DUCKS; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; VIRUS-INFECTION; A H5N1; CHINA; OUTBREAK; THAILAND; POULTRY; PERSISTENCE; BANGLADESH AB A unique pattern of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks has emerged along the Central Asia Flyway, where infection of wild birds has been reported with steady frequency since 2005. We assessed the potential for two hosts of HPAI H5N1, the bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) and ruddy shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), to act as agents for virus dispersal along this 'thoroughfare'. We used an eco-virological approach to compare the migration of 141 birds marked with GPS satellite transmitters during 2005-2010 with: 1) the spatio-temporal patterns of poultry and wild bird outbreaks of HPAI H5N1, and 2) the trajectory of the virus in the outbreak region based on phylogeographic mapping. We found that biweekly utilization distributions (UDs) for 19.2% of bar-headed geese and 46.2% of ruddy shelduck were significantly associated with outbreaks. Ruddy shelduck showed highest correlation with poultry outbreaks owing to their wintering distribution in South Asia, where there is considerable opportunity for HPAI H5N1 spillover from poultry. Both species showed correlation with wild bird outbreaks during the spring migration, suggesting they may be involved in the northward movement of the virus. However, phylogeographic mapping of HPAI H5N1 clades 2.2 and 2.3 did not support dissemination of the virus in a northern direction along the migration corridor. In particular, two subclades (2.2.1 and 2.3.2) moved in a strictly southern direction in contrast to our spatio-temporal analysis of bird migration. Our attempt to reconcile the disciplines of wild bird ecology and HPAI H5N1 virology highlights prospects offered by both approaches as well as their limitations. C1 [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, Rome, Italy. [Hill, Nichola J.; Spragens, Kyle A.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA USA. [Hill, Nichola J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Janies, Daniel; Voronkin, Igor O.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Yan, Baoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lei, Fumin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Batbayar, Nyambayar] Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr, Bayanzurkh Dist Ulaanbaa, Mongol Peo Rep. [Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag] Mongolian Acad Sci, Ornithol Lab, Inst Biol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Bishop, Charles M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Brambell Labs, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. [Butler, Patrick J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. RP Newman, SH (reprint author), Food & Agr Org United Nations, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, Rome, Italy. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov RI Hill, Nichola/G-4003-2011; Batbayar, Nyambayar/N-7066-2015; OI Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626; Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations through the EMPRES Wildlife Unit; United States Geological Survey (Western Ecological Research Center); United States Geological Survey (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center); United States Geological Survey (Alaska Science Center); National Science Foundation [0713027]; Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council of the United Kingdom; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2007FY210700, INFO-115-D02, KSCX2-YW-N-063, 2005CB523007] FX This work was supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations through the EMPRES Wildlife Unit, the United States Geological Survey (Western Ecological Research Center, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Alaska Science Center, and Wild Bird Avian Influenza Program), the National Science Foundation Small Grants for Exploratory Research (No. 0713027), and the Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council of the United Kingdom and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2007FY210700, INFO-115-D02, KSCX2-YW-N-063 and 2005CB523007). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e30636 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030636 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917MF UT WOS:000302180600013 PM 22347393 ER PT J AU Dimova, NT Swarzenski, PW Dulaiova, H Glenn, CR AF Dimova, Natasha T. Swarzenski, Peter W. Dulaiova, Henrieta Glenn, Craig R. TI Utilizing multichannel electrical resistivity methods to examine the dynamics of the fresh water-seawater interface in two Hawaiian groundwater systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA; COASTAL OCEAN; DISCHARGE; BAY; USA; INVERSION; SEDIMENTS; CAROLINA; EXCHANGE AB Multichannel electrical resistivity (ER) measurements were conducted at two contrasting coastal sites in Hawaii to obtain new information on the spatial scales and dynamics of the fresh water-seawater interface and rates of coastal groundwater exchange. At Kiholo Bay (located on the dry, Kona side of the Big Island) and at a site in Maunalua Bay (Oahu), there is an evidence for abundant submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). However, the hydrologic and geologic controls on coastal groundwater discharge are likely to be different at these two sites. While at Kiholo Bay SGD is predominantly through lava tubes, at the Maunalua Bay site exchange occurs mostly through nearshore submarine springs. In order to calculate SGD fluxes, it is important to understand the spatial and temporal scales of coastal groundwater exchange. From ER time series data, subsurface salinity distributions were calculated using site-specific formation factors. A salinity mass balance box model was then used to calculate rates of point source (i.e., spatially discreet) and total fresh water discharge. From these data, mean SGD rates were calculated for Kiholo Bay (similar to 9,200 m(3)/d) and for the Maunalua Bay site (similar to 5,900 m(3)/d). While such results are on the same order of magnitude to geochemical tracer-derived SGD rates, the ER SGD rates provide enhanced details of coastal groundwater exchange that can enable a more cohesive whole watershed perspective. C1 [Dimova, Natasha T.; Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dimova, Natasha T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dulaiova, Henrieta; Glenn, Craig R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dimova, NT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM natodi@gmail.com FU NSF's IMUA III EPSCoR; USGS FX The authors would like to thank Joseph Kennedy, Christine Waters, and Kayla Holleman, students from the Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, who helped during the field work. The students and part of this research were supported by NSF's IMUA III EPSCoR program. Special thanks to John Bratton and Nancy Prouty for informal reviews and discussions before submission. We also would like to acknowledge Rob Evans and one anonymous reviewer who contributed with their comments in improving the scientific content and quality of this manuscript. Peter W. Swarzenski thanks the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program for support. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C02012 DI 10.1029/2011JC007509 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 893AP UT WOS:000300327700002 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, BA Krabbenhoft, DP Aiken, GR Patino, E Rumbold, DG Orem, WH AF Bergamaschi, Brian A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Aiken, George R. Patino, Eduardo Rumbold, Darren G. Orem, William H. TI Tidally Driven Export of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Total Mercury, and Methylmercury from a Mangrove-Dominated Estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA COASTAL EVERGLADES; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; WETLAND; MATTER; BAY; DYNAMICS; FLUXES; DELTA AB The flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from mangrove swamps accounts for 10% of the global terrestrial flux of DOC to coastal oceans. Recent findings of high concentrations of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangroves, in conjunction with the common co-occurrence of DOC and Hg species, have raised concerns that mercury fluxes may also be large. We used a novel approach to estimate export of DOC, Hg, and MeHg to coastal waters from a mangrove-dominated estuary in Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). Using in situ measurements of fluorescent dissolved organic matter as a proxy for DOC, filtered total Hg, and filtered MeHg, we estimated the DOC yield to be 180 (+/- 12.6) g C m(-2) yr(-1), which is in the range of previously reported values. Although Hg and MeHg yields from tidal mangrove swamps have not been previously measured, our estimated yields of Hg species (28 +/- 4.5 mu g total Hg m(-2) yr(-1) and 3.1 +/- 0.4 mu g methyl Hg m(-2) yr(-1)) were five times greater than is typically reported for terrestrial wetlands. These results indicate that in addition to the well documented contributions of DOC, tidally driven export from mangroves represents a significant potential source of Hg and MeHg to nearby coastal waters. C1 [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Patino, Eduardo] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Myers, FL 33907 USA. [Rumbold, Darren G.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coastal Watershed Inst, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Bergamaschi, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bbergama@usgs.gov RI Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012 OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 FU USGS FX The authors thank Bryan Downing, Travis Von Dessoneck, and John Franco Saraceno of the California Water Science Center for preparation of the field sampling equipment; Kenna Butler, John DeWild, Tom Sabin, Charlie Thompson, and Jake Ogorek for expert laboratory analyses; and Shane Ploos and Gene Krupp for field assistance. Stephen Opsahl, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Tonya Clayton, and three anonymous reviewers provided many suggestions that improved the manuscript. Participation by Aiken, Krabbenhoft, Orem, and Patino was funded by the USGS Priority Ecosystem Science program. This work is a product of the USGS LandCarbon program. Table of Contents image from Jones, J., Thomas, J.-C., and Desmond, G. B. South Florida Everglades. USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series MAP I-2742. USGS Mapping Applications Center, Reston VA. http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html. NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1371 EP 1378 DI 10.1021/es2029137 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886OT UT WOS:000299864400014 PM 22206226 ER PT J AU Ganguli, PM Conaway, CH Swarzenski, PW Izbicki, JA Flegal, AR AF Ganguli, P. M. Conaway, C. H. Swarzenski, P. W. Izbicki, J. A. Flegal, A. R. TI Mercury Speciation and Transport via Submarine Groundwater Discharge at a Southern California Coastal Lagoon System SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAY; MONOMETHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARY; FLUXES; WATERS; ZONE AB We measured total mercury (Hg-T) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in coastal groundwater and seawater over a range of tidal conditions near Malibu Lagoon, California, and used Rn-222-derived estimates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to assess the flux of mercury species to nearshore seawater. We infer a groundwater-seawater mixing scenario based on salinity and temperature trends and suggest that increased groundwater discharge to the ocean during low tide transported mercury offshore. Unfiltered Hg-T (U-Hg-T) concentrations in groundwater (2.2-5.9 pM) and seawater (3.3-5.2 pM) decreased during a falling tide, with groundwater U-Hg-T concentrations typically lower than seawater concentrations. Despite the low Hg-T in groundwater, bioaccumulative MMHg was produced in onshore sediment as evidenced by elevated MMHg concentrations in groundwater (0.2-1 pM) relative to seawater (similar to 0.1 pM) throughout most of the tidal cycle. During low tide, groundwater appeared to transport MMHg to the coast, resulting in a 5-fold increase in seawater MMHg (from 0.1 to 0.5 pM). Similarly, filtered Hg-T (F-Hg-T) concentrations in seawater increased approximately 7-fold during low tide (from 0.5 to 3.6 pM). These elevated seawater F-Hg-T concentrations exceeded those in filtered and unfiltered groundwater during low tide, but were similar to seawater U-Hg-T concentrations, suggesting that enhanced SGD altered mercury partitioning and/or solubilization dynamics in coastal waters. Finally, we estimate that the SGD Hg-T and MMHg fluxes to seawater were 0.41 and 0.15 nmol m(-2) d(-1), respectively - comparable in magnitude to atmospheric and benthic fluxes in similar environments. C1 [Ganguli, P. M.; Conaway, C. H.; Flegal, A. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Conaway, C. H.; Swarzenski, P. W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Izbicki, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ganguli, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pganguli@ucsc.edu RI Conaway, Christopher/I-1077-2012; OI Ganguli, Priya/0000-0002-5965-0230 FU City of Malibu; Northern California SETAC; Packard Ocean Science & Technology Endowment (UCSC IMS); Myers Oceanographic & Marine Biology Trust; Friends of Long Marine Lab; USGS FX This manuscript benefited greatly from the detailed and thoughtful comments of the anonymous reviewers. Additionally, we are grateful to Leticia Diaz, Cordell Johnson, and David O'Leary, and members of the UCSC WIGS lab for field and analytical support, and to the California State Parks Department for access to Malibu Lagoon State Beach. We appreciate the funding and logistical support received from the City of Malibu (especially Barbara Cameron), as well as funding received from Northern California SETAC, the Packard Ocean Science & Technology Endowment (UCSC IMS), the Myers Oceanographic & Marine Biology Trust, Friends of Long Marine Lab, and the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) of the USGS. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.1021/es202783u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886OT UT WOS:000299864400027 PM 22283682 ER PT J AU Mundle, SOC Johnson, T Lacrampe-Couloume, G Perez-de-Mora, A Duhamel, M Edwards, EA McMaster, ML Cox, E Revesz, K Lollar, BS AF Mundle, Scott O. C. Johnson, Tiffany Lacrampe-Couloume, Georges Perez-de-Mora, Alfredo Duhamel, Melanie Edwards, Elizabeth A. McMaster, Michaye L. Cox, Evan Revesz, Kinga Lollar, Barbara Sherwood TI Monitoring Biodegradation of Ethene and Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethenes at a Contaminated Site Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC ENRICHMENT CULTURE; OLD YELLOW ENZYME; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; FIELD AB Chlorinated ethenes are commonly found in contaminated groundwater. Remediation strategies focus on transformation processes that will ultimately lead to nontoxic products. A major concern with these strategies is the possibility of incomplete dechlorination and accumulation of toxic daughter products (cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC)). Ethene mass balance can be used as a direct indicator to assess the effectiveness of dechlorination. However, the microbial processes that affect ethene are not well characterized and poor mass balance may reflect biotransformation of ethene rather than incomplete dechlorination. Microbial degradation of ethene is commonly observed in aerobic systems but fewer cases have been reported in anaerobic systems. Limited information is available on the isotope enrichment factors associated with these processes. Using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) we determined the enrichment factors associated with microbial degradation of ethene in anaerobic microcosms (epsilon = -6.7 parts per thousand +/- 0.4 parts per thousand , and 4.0 parts per thousand +/- 0.8 parts per thousand ) from cultures collected from the Twin Lakes wetland area at the Savannah River site in Georgia (United States), and in aerobic microcosms (epsilon = -3.0 parts per thousand +/- 0.3 parts per thousand) from Mycobacterium sp. strain JS60. Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, CSIA can be used to determine whether biotransformation of ethene is occurring in addition to biodegradation of the chlorinated ethenes. Using delta C-13 values determined for ethene and for chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated field site undergoing bioremediation, this study demonstrates how CSIA of ethene can be used to reduce uncertainty and risk at a site by distinguishing between actual mass balance deficits during reductive dechlorination and apparent lack of mass balance that is related to biotransformation of ethene. C1 [Mundle, Scott O. C.; Johnson, Tiffany; Lacrampe-Couloume, Georges; Perez-de-Mora, Alfredo; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Perez-de-Mora, Alfredo; Duhamel, Melanie; Edwards, Elizabeth A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada. [McMaster, Michaye L.; Cox, Evan] Geosyntec Consultants, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Revesz, Kinga] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Perez-de-Mora, Alfredo] Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Res Unit Biogeochem & Analyt, Munich, Germany. RP Lollar, BS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM bslollar@chem.utoronto.ca OI Mundle, Scott/0000-0001-5976-9656; Edwards, Elizabeth/0000-0002-8071-338X FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1557]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Massey College; European Commission through IOF [234974/AnDeMiC] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project ER-1557 and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Projects Program. Support from Massey College is also gratefully acknowledged. A.P.de-M. thanks the European Commission for financial support through an IOF Marie Curie Fellowship (contract 234974/AnDeMiC). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1731 EP 1738 DI 10.1021/es202792x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886OT UT WOS:000299864400057 PM 22201221 ER PT J AU Sanderlin, JS Waser, PM Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Sanderlin, Jamie S. Waser, Peter M. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. TI On valuing patches: estimating contributions to metapopulation growth with reverse-time capture-recapture modelling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE contribution metrics; density effects; dispersal; kangaroo rat; seniority; source-sink ID TAILED KANGAROO RATS; DENSITY-DEPENDENT DISPERSAL; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; INTERPOPULATION DISPERSAL; POPULATION-GROWTH; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; SINKS AB Metapopulation ecology has historically been rich in theory, yet analytical approaches for inferring demographic relationships among local populations have been few. We show how reverse-time multi-state capture-recapture models can be used to estimate the importance of local recruitment and interpopulation dispersal to metapopulation growth. We use 'contribution metrics' to infer demographic connectedness among eight local populations of banner-tailed kangaroo rats, to assess their demographic closure, and to investigate sources of variation in these contributions. Using a 7 year dataset, we show that: (i) local populations are relatively independent demographically, and contributions to local population growth via dispersal within the system decline with distance; (ii) growth contributions via local survival and recruitment are greater for adults than juveniles, while contributions involving dispersal are greater for juveniles; (iii) central populations rely more on local recruitment and survival than peripheral populations; (iv) contributions involving dispersal are not clearly related to overall metapopulation density; and (v) estimated contributions from outside the system are unexpectedly large. Our analytical framework can classify metapopulations on a continuum between demographic independence and panmixia, detect hidden population growth contributions, and make inference about other population linkage forms, including rescue effects and source-sink structures. Finally, we discuss differences between demographic and genetic population linkage patterns for our system. C1 [Sanderlin, Jamie S.; Waser, Peter M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sanderlin, JS (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM jamie.sanderlin@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0816925] FX We received support from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0816925). We thank numerous laboratory members for help with field sampling and three anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1728 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.0885 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 870ID UT WOS:000298661700009 PM 21697173 ER PT J AU Henaux, V Samuel, MD Dusek, RJ Fleskes, JP Ip, HS AF Henaux, Viviane Samuel, Michael D. Dusek, Robert J. Fleskes, Joseph P. Ip, Hon S. TI Presence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Waterfowl and Wetlands during Summer 2010 in California: Are Resident Birds a Potential Reservoir SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSMISSION; WILD BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; DUCKS; PERPETUATION; INFECTIVITY AB Although wild waterfowl are the main reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIv), the environment plays a critical role for the circulation and persistence of AIv. LPAIv may persist for extended periods in cold environments, suggesting that waterfowl breeding areas in the northern hemisphere may be an important reservoir for AIv in contrast to the warmer southern wintering areas. We evaluated whether southern wetlands, with relatively small populations (thousands) of resident waterfowl, maintain AIv in the summer, prior to the arrival of millions of migratory birds. We collected water and fecal samples at ten wetlands in two regions (Yolo Bypass and Sacramento Valley) of the California Central Valley during three bi-weekly intervals beginning in late July, 2010. We detected AIv in 29/367 fecal samples (7.9%) and 12/597 water samples (2.0%) by matrix real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). We isolated two H3N8, two H2N3, and one H4N8 among rRT-PCR positive fecal samples but no live virus from water samples. Detection of AIv RNA in fecal samples was higher from wetlands in the Sacramento Valley (11.9%) than in the Yolo Bypass (0.0%), but no difference was found for water samples (2.7 vs. 1.7%, respectively). Our study showed that low densities of hosts and unfavorable environmental conditions did not prevent LPAIv circulation during summer in California wetlands. Our findings justify further investigations to understand AIv dynamics in resident waterfowl populations, compare AIv subtypes between migratory and resident waterfowl, and assess the importance of local AIv as a source of infection for migratory birds. C1 [Henaux, Viviane] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Dusek, Robert J.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. RP Henaux, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM henaux@wisc.edu OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU U.S. Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center; Western Ecological Research Center FX Field sampling, laboratory work, and support for V. Henaux was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center (Project CDXRE) and Western Ecological Research Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR e31471 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031471 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917LV UT WOS:000302179300020 PM 22328934 ER PT J AU Knight, R Grunewald, E Irons, T Dlubac, K Song, YQ Bachman, HN Grau, B Walsh, D Abraham, JD Cannia, J AF Knight, Rosemary Grunewald, Elliot Irons, Trevor Dlubac, Katherine Song, Yiqiao Bachman, Henry N. Grau, Ben Walsh, Dave Abraham, Jared D. Cannia, Jim TI Field experiment provides ground truth for surface nuclear magnetic resonance measurement SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NMR; RELAXATION; WATER AB The need for sustainable management of fresh water resources is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. Since most of the planet's liquid fresh water exists as groundwater, it is essential to develop non-invasive geophysical techniques to characterize groundwater aquifers. A field experiment was conducted in the High Plains Aquifer, central United States, to explore the mechanisms governing the non-invasive Surface NMR (SNMR) technology. We acquired both SNMR data and logging NMR data at a field site, along with lithology information from drill cuttings. This allowed us to directly compare the NMR relaxation parameter measured during logging, T-2, to the relaxation parameter T-2* measured using the SNMR method. The latter can be affected by inhomogeneity in the magnetic field, thus obscuring the link between the NMR relaxation parameter and the hydraulic conductivity of the geologic material. When the logging T-2 data were transformed to pseudo-T-2* data, by accounting for inhomogeneity in the magnetic field and instrument dead time, we found good agreement with T-2* obtained from the SNMR measurement. These results, combined with the additional information about lithology at the site, allowed us to delineate the physical mechanisms governing the SNMR measurement. Such understanding is a critical step in developing SNMR as a reliable geophysical method for the assessment of groundwater resources. Citation: Knight, R., E. Grunewald, T. Irons, K. Dlubac, Y. Song, H. N. Bachman, B. Grau, D. Walsh, J. D. Abraham, and J. Cannia (2012), Field experiment provides ground truth for surface nuclear magnetic resonance measurement, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L03304, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050167. C1 [Knight, Rosemary; Grunewald, Elliot; Dlubac, Katherine] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irons, Trevor; Abraham, Jared D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Song, Yiqiao] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cannia, Jim] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Mitchell, NE 69357 USA. [Grau, Ben] Schlumberger Water Serv, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Walsh, Dave] Vista Clara Inc, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Bachman, Henry N.] Schlumberger Oilfield Serv, Houston Format Evaluat Ctr, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. RP Knight, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rknight@stanford.edu FU Hydrology Program; U.S. National Science Foundation; Central Platte Natural Resources District; Nebraska Environmental Trust; U.S. Geological Survey; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER84931] FX This research was supported by funding to R. Knight and Y. Song from the Hydrology Program and the GOALI (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry) Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation; and by funding from the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The collection and analysis of Javelin NMR logging data was supported, in part, by the Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-07ER84931. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Energy. We wish to thank Duane Woodward, Project Hydrologist with Central Platte Natural Resources for his support and assistance with this project. We also wish to thank the team of engineers from Schlumberger Wireline Services, Jared Hoskins, Kenan Noe, and Sam Hopper. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L03304 DI 10.1029/2011GL050167 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 888GP UT WOS:000299992100001 ER PT J AU Hanson, RT Flint, LE Flint, AL Dettinger, MD Faunt, CC Cayan, D Schmid, W AF Hanson, R. T. Flint, L. E. Flint, A. L. Dettinger, M. D. Faunt, C. C. Cayan, Dan Schmid, Wolfgang TI A method for physically based model analysis of conjunctive use in response to potential climate changes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; TIME-SERIES; CALIFORNIA; WATER; STREAMFLOW; SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION; PROJECTIONS AB Potential climate change effects on aspects of conjunctive management of water resources can be evaluated by linking climate models with fully integrated groundwater-surface water models. The objective of this study is to develop a modeling system that links global climate models with regional hydrologic models, using the California Central Valley as a case study. The new method is a supply and demand modeling framework that can be used to simulate and analyze potential climate change and conjunctive use. Supply-constrained and demand-driven linkages in the water system in the Central Valley are represented with the linked climate models, precipitation-runoff models, agricultural and native vegetation water use, and hydrologic flow models to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Simulated precipitation and temperature were used from the GFDL-A2 climate change scenario through the 21st century to drive a regional water balance mountain hydrologic watershed model (MHWM) for the surrounding watersheds in combination with a regional integrated hydrologic model of the Central Valley (CVHM). Application of this method demonstrates the potential transition from predominantly surface water to groundwater supply for agriculture with secondary effects that may limit this transition of conjunctive use. The particular scenario considered includes intermittent climatic droughts in the first half of the 21st century followed by severe persistent droughts in the second half of the 21st century. These climatic droughts do not yield a valley-wide operational drought but do cause reduced surface water deliveries and increased groundwater abstractions that may cause additional land subsidence, reduced water for riparian habitat, or changes in flows at the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The method developed here can be used to explore conjunctive use adaptation options and hydrologic risk assessments in regional hydrologic systems throughout the world. C1 [Hanson, R. T.; Dettinger, M. D.; Faunt, C. C.; Cayan, Dan] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Flint, L. E.; Flint, A. L.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, Dan] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Schmid, Wolfgang] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM rthanson@usgs.gov; lflint@usgs.gov; aflint@usgs.gov; mddettin@usgs.gov; ccfaunt@usgs.gov; dcayan@ucsd.edu; wschmid@hwr.arizona.edu RI Schmid, Wolfgang/H-9627-2013 OI Schmid, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6191-2781 FU NOAA through the CA NV; NOAA/OGP; USGS; California Energy Commission FX The authors thank Noah Knowles and Rich Niswonger of the USGS for their helpful review comments. This research was funded by NOAA through the CA NV Applications Program, a NOAA/OGP Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) project, at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and by the USGS Global Climate Change Program. Support from the California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program is also acknowledged. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 4 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W00L08 DI 10.1029/2011WR010774 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 888NJ UT WOS:000300010300001 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ Royle, JA Urbanek, RP AF Converse, Sarah J. Royle, J. Andrew Urbanek, Richard P. TI Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting CY SEP 14-20, 2009 CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY SP EURING HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) DE Breeding; Captive productivity; Genotype quality; Grus americana; Inbreeding coefficient; Reintroduction; Whooping crane ID MODEL; CONSERVATION; RELATEDNESS; POPULATION; DNA AB Inbreeding depression is frequently a concern of managers interested in restoring endangered species. Decisions to reduce the potential for inbreeding depression by balancing genotypic contributions to reintroduced populations may exact a cost on long-term demographic performance of the population if those decisions result in reduced numbers of animals released and/or restriction of particularly successful genotypes (i.e., heritable traits of particular family lines). As part of an effort to restore a migratory flock of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) to eastern North America using the offspring of captive breeders, we obtained a unique dataset which includes post-release mark-recapture data, as well as the pedigree of each released individual. We developed a Bayesian formulation of a multi-state model to analyze radio-telemetry, band-resight, and dead recovery data on reintroduced individuals, in order to track survival and breeding state transitions. We used studbook-based individual covariates to examine the comparative evidence for and degree of effects of inbreeding, genotype, and genotype quality on post-release survival of reintroduced individuals. We demonstrate implementation of the Bayesian multi-state model, which allows for the integration of imperfect detection, multiple data types, random effects, and individual- and time-dependent covariates. Our results provide only weak evidence for an effect of the quality of an individual's genotype in captivity on post-release survival as well as for an effect of inbreeding on post-release survival. We plan to integrate our results into a decision-analytic modeling framework that can explicitly examine tradeoffs between the effects of inbreeding and the effects of genotype and demographic stochasticity on population establishment. C1 [Converse, Sarah J.; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Urbanek, Richard P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 152 SU 2 BP S561 EP S572 DI 10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 016RZ UT WOS:000309538300024 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, DI Seamans, ME Gutierrez, RJ Nichols, JD AF MacKenzie, D. I. Seamans, M. E. Gutierrez, R. J. Nichols, J. D. TI Investigating the population dynamics of California spotted owls without marked individuals SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting CY SEP 14-20, 2009 CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY SP EURING HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) DE California spotted owl; Detection; Multistate; Occupancy models ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; PREDICTIONS; DEMOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; STATES AB Understanding population dynamics is of great interest in many different contexts. Traditionally, population dynamics have often been considered in terms of individual-based demographic parameters (e. g., abundance, survival, and reproductive rates), estimation of which generally requires information from marked individuals. Alternatively, in some situations, it may be appropriate to consider population dynamics at a landscape level where the focus is shifted from numbers of individuals to the status of the population at places on the landscape. One consequence of doing so is that information from marked individuals is no longer required. Recently developed methods allow the estimation of landscape-level population vital rates in the realistic situation where the current status of the population might be misclassified via field methods (e. g., because of imperfect detection). Here, we consider the case of the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) at the Eldorado study area in central Sierra Nevada, California, USA, where interest is in the occupancy rate of potential nesting territories, and in whether owls in an occupied territory successfully reproduced each year during 1997-2004. We analyzed the data using multistate occupancy models and found no evidence of annual variation in dynamic occupancy probabilities. There was strong evidence of annual variation in successful reproduction, with the pattern of variation being different depending on whether there was successful reproduction in the territory in the previous year. Of the three environmental variables considered, the Southern Oscillation Index appeared to be most important and explained some of the annual variation in reproduction probabilities. C1 [MacKenzie, D. I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand. [Seamans, M. E.] USFWS, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. [Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nichols, J. D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP MacKenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, POB 5193, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand. EM darryl@proteus.co.nz NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 152 SU 2 BP S597 EP S604 DI 10.1007/s10336-010-0544-6 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 016RZ UT WOS:000309538300027 ER PT J AU Moore, CT Converse, SJ Folk, MJ Runge, MC Nesbitt, SA AF Moore, Clinton T. Converse, Sarah J. Folk, Martin J. Runge, Michael C. Nesbitt, Stephen A. TI Evaluating release alternatives for a long-lived bird species under uncertainty about long-term demographic rates SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting CY SEP 14-20, 2009 CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY SP EURING HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) DE Decision-making; Endangered species; Florida; Grus americana; Population reintroduction; Population viability analysis; Uncertainty; Whooping Crane ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; REINTRODUCTION; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; SUCCESS; TRANSLOCATIONS; RESTORATION; PROGRAMS; SURVIVAL AB The release of animals to reestablish an extirpated population is a decision problem that is often attended by considerable uncertainty about the probability of success. Annual releases of captive-reared juvenile Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) were begun in 1993 in central Florida, USA, to establish a breeding, non-migratory population. Over a 12-year period, 286 birds were released, but by 2004, the introduced flock had produced only four wild-fledged birds. Consequently, releases were halted over managers' concerns about the performance of the released flock and uncertainty about the efficacy of further releases. We used data on marked, released birds to develop predictive models for addressing whether releases should be resumed, and if so, under what schedule. To examine the outcome of different release scenarios, we simulated the survival and productivity of individual female birds under a baseline model that recognized age and breeding-class structure and which incorporated empirically estimated stochastic elements. As data on wild-fledged birds from captive-reared parents were sparse, a key uncertainty that confronts release decision-making is whether captive-reared birds and their offspring share the same vital rates. Therefore, we used data on the only population of wild Whooping Cranes in existence to construct two alternatives to the baseline model. The probability of population persistence was highly sensitive to the choice of these three models. Under the baseline model, extirpation of the population was nearly certain under any scenario of resumed releases. In contrast, the model based on estimates from wild birds projected a high probability of persistence under any release scenario, including cessation of releases. Therefore, belief in either of these models suggests that further releases are an ineffective use of resources. In the third model, which simulated a population Allee effect, population persistence was sensitive to the release decision: high persistence probability was achieved only through the release of more birds, whereas extirpation was highly probable with cessation of releases. Despite substantial investment of time and effort in the release program, evidence collected to date does not favor one model over another; therefore, any decision about further releases must be made under considerable biological uncertainty. However, given an assignment of credibility weight to each model, a best, informed decision about releases can be made under uncertainty. Furthermore, if managers can periodically revisit the release decision and collect monitoring data to further inform the models, then managers have a basis for confronting uncertainty and adaptively managing releases through time. C1 [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.; Runge, Michael C.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Folk, Martin J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Kissimmee, FL 34744 USA. [Nesbitt, Stephen A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Moore, CT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cmoore@warnell.uga.edu RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 152 SU 2 BP S339 EP S353 DI 10.1007/s10336-010-0592-y PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 016RZ UT WOS:000309538300007 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Dorazio, RM AF Royle, J. Andrew Dorazio, Robert M. TI Parameter-expanded data augmentation for Bayesian analysis of capture-recapture models SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting CY SEP 14-20, 2009 CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY SP EURING HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) DE Hierarchical models; Individual covariates; Individual heterogeneity; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Occupancy models ID JOLLY-SEBER MODEL; HETEROGENEOUS DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; STATE-SPACE FORMULATION; CLOSED POPULATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARK-RECAPTURE; CAMERA-TRAP; SIZE; INFERENCE AB Data augmentation (DA) is a flexible tool for analyzing closed and open population models of capture-recapture data, especially models which include sources of hetereogeneity among individuals. The essential concept underlying DA, as we use the term, is based on adding "observations'' to create a dataset composed of a known number of individuals. This new (augmented) dataset, which includes the unknown number of individuals N in the population, is then analyzed using a new model that includes a reformulation of the parameter N in the conventional model of the observed (unaugmented) data. In the context of capture-recapture models, we add a set of "all zero'' encounter histories which are not, in practice, observable. The model of the augmented dataset is a zero-inflated version of either a binomial or a multinomial base model. Thus, our use of DA provides a general approach for analyzing both closed and open population models of all types. In doing so, this approach provides a unified framework for the analysis of a huge range of models that are treated as unrelated "black boxes'' and named procedures in the classical literature. As a practical matter, analysis of the augmented dataset by MCMC is greatly simplified compared to other methods that require specialized algorithms. For example, complex capture-recapture models of an augmented dataset can be fitted with popular MCMC software packages (WinBUGS or JAGS) by providing a concise statement of the model's assumptions that usually involves only a few lines of pseudocode. In this paper, we review the basic technical concepts of data augmentation, and we provide examples of analyses of closed-population models (M-0, M-h, distance sampling, and spatial capture-recapture models) and open-population models (Jolly-Seber) with individual effects. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] USGS SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov; bdorazio@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 59 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 152 SU 2 BP S521 EP S537 DI 10.1007/s10336-010-0619-4 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 016RZ UT WOS:000309538300021 ER PT J AU Saracco, JF Royle, JA DeSante, DF Gardner, B AF Saracco, James F. Royle, J. Andrew DeSante, David F. Gardner, Beth TI Spatial modeling of survival and residency and application to the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship program SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting CY SEP 14-20, 2009 CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY SP EURING HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) DE Capture-recapture model; Common Yellowthroat; Conditional autoregressive model; Geothlypis trichas; Hierarchical spatial model; MAPS program ID ABUNDANCE; WARBLERS; HABITAT AB Broad-scale bird-ringing programs are a core component of national and international avian monitoring and research efforts. Despite rich spatial structure in data from these programs, little attention has been paid to spatial modeling of demographic rates. Here we implemented a Bayesian analysis of a hierarchical capture-recapture model to provide spatially explicit (2 degrees blocks) and year-specific estimates of adult apparent survival (hereafter survival) and residency probabilities for Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas, a bird species commonly captured as part of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program in North America. The model was based on a transient Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. We modeled spatial dependence in survival and residency with an intrinsic conditional autoregressive model and modeled capture probability with a random block-level effect. We modeled sex-effects on survival and residency probability, as well as on two nuisance parameters, capture probability and the probability of predetermining a bird to be a resident (based on multiple within-season captures). Inclusion of sex effects in the model illustrated how missing data are easily accommodated within the modeling framework. We found little evidence of temporal variation in survival or residency. Males tended to have higher and less variable survival and residency probabilities than females. Capture probability and probability of predetermining residency were higher for males than for females. We found broad-scale spatial patterns in survival and residency. Spatial variation was higher for residency than for survival. Although the residency parameter in our model applies to the subset of the population that are newly ringed birds, clear spatial pattern and high spatial variation suggests that this parameter has important ecological relevance. Further development and application of hierarchical capture-recapture models to data from bird-ringing programs provides the opportunity to more thoroughly investigate spatial and temporal pattern in population processes and inform conservation. C1 [Saracco, James F.; DeSante, David F.] Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew; Gardner, Beth] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Saracco, JF (reprint author), Inst Bird Populat, POB 1346, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM jsaracco@birdpop.org OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 152 SU 2 BP S469 EP S476 DI 10.1007/s10336-010-0565-1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 016RZ UT WOS:000309538300017 ER PT J AU Schaub, M Kendall, WL AF Schaub, Michael Kendall, William L. TI Estimation, modelling and conservation of vertebrate populations using marked individuals SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schaub, Michael] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schaub, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM michael.schaub@vogelwarte.ch NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 152 SU 2 BP S291 EP S292 DI 10.1007/s10336-011-0738-6 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 016RZ UT WOS:000309538300002 ER PT J AU Stephan, K Jaumann, R Wagner, R Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Giese, B Hibbitts, CA Roatsch, T Matz, KD Brown, RH Filacchione, G Cappacioni, F Scholten, F Buratti, BJ Hansen, GB Nicholson, PD Baines, KH Nelson, RM Matson, DL AF Stephan, Katrin Jaumann, Ralf Wagner, Roland Clark, Roger N. Cruikshank, Dale P. Giese, Bernd Hibbitts, Charles A. Roatsch, Thomas Matz, Klaus-Dieter Brown, Robert H. Filacchione, Gianrico Cappacioni, Fabrizio Scholten, F. Buratti, Bonnie J. Hansen, Gary B. Nicholson, Phil D. Baines, Kevin H. Nelson, Robert M. Matson, Dennis L. TI The Saturnian satellite Rhea as seen by Cassini VIMS SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhea; Icy satellites; Spectroscopy; Surfaces; Cassini/VIMS ID OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; E-RING; ENCELADUS SURFACE; IMAGING SCIENCE; ICY SATELLITES; MAGNETOSPHERE; SPECTROMETER; IAPETUS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS AB Since the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn in June 2004, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer has obtained new spectral data of the icy satellites of Saturn in the spectral range from 0.35 to 5.2 mu m. Numerous flybys were performed at Saturn's second largest satellite Rhea, providing a nearly complete coverage with pixel-ground resolutions sufficient to analyze variations of spectral properties across Rhea's surface in detail. We present an overview of the VIMS observations obtained so far, as well as the analysis of the spectral properties identified in the VIMS spectra and their variations across its surface compared with spatially highly resolved Cassini ISS images and digital elevation models. Spectral variations measured across Rhea's surface are similar to the variations observed in the VIMS observations of its neighbor Dione, implying similar processes causing or at least inducing their occurrence. Thus, magnetospheric particles and dust impacting onto the trailing hemisphere appear to be responsible for the concentration of dark rocky/organic material and minor amounts of CO2 in the cratered terrain on the trailing hemisphere. Despite the prominent spectral signatures of Rhea's fresh impact crater Inktomi, radiation effects were identified that also affect the H2O ice-rich cratered terrain of the leading hemisphere. The concentration of H2O ice in the vicinity of steep tectonic scarps near 270 degrees W and geologically fresh impact craters implies that Rhea exhibits an icy crust at least in the upper few kilometers. Despite the evidence for past tectonic events, no indications of recent endogenically powered processes could be identified in the Cassini data. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf; Wagner, Roland; Giese, Bernd; Roatsch, Thomas; Matz, Klaus-Dieter; Scholten, F.] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, FR Planetol & Fernerkundung, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hibbitts, Charles A.] JHU Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Filacchione, Gianrico; Cappacioni, Fabrizio] INAF IASF, Rome, Italy. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Nelson, Robert M.; Matson, Dennis L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hansen, Gary B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nicholson, Phil D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Baines, Kevin H.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stephan, K (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 FU DLR; Helmholtz Alliance 'Planetary evolution and Life' FX We gratefully acknowledge the many years of work of the entire Cassini team that allowed these data to be obtained. We want to thank E. Hoffmann for his support with the data processing. This work has been partly supported by DLR and the Helmholtz Alliance 'Planetary evolution and Life'. NR 88 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 SI SI BP 142 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.019 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971IY UT WOS:000306198800016 ER PT J AU Jones, PH Biggins, DE Eads, DA Eads, SL Britten, HB AF Jones, Philip H. Biggins, Dean E. Eads, David A. Eads, Samantha L. Britten, Hugh B. TI Deltamethrin flea-control preserves genetic variability of black-tailed prairie dogs during a plague outbreak SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; Cynomys ludovicianus; Epizootic; Dusting; Refugia ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; OROPSYLLA-HIRSUTA; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SOFTWARE; COLONIES; INFERENCE; DYNAMICS AB Genetic variability and structure of nine black-tailed prairie dog (BTPD, Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies were estimated with 15 unlinked microsatellite markers. A plague epizootic occurred between the first and second years of sampling and our study colonies were nearly extirpated with the exception of three colonies in which prairie dog burrows were previously dusted with an insecticide, deltamethrin, used to control fleas (vectors of the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis). This situation provided context to compare genetic variability and structure among dusted and non-dusted colonies pre-epizootic, and among the three dusted colonies pre- and post-epizootic. We found no statistical difference in population genetic structures between dusted and non-dusted colonies pre- epizootic. On dusted colonies, gene flow and recent migration rates increased from the first (pre-epizootic) year to the second (post-epizootic) year which suggested dusted colonies were acting as refugia for prairie dogs from surrounding colonies impacted by plague. Indeed, in the dusted colonies, estimated densities of adult prairie dogs (including dispersers), but not juveniles (non-dispersers), increased from the first year to the second year. In addition to preserving BTPDs and many species that depend on them, protecting colonies with deltamethrin or a plague vaccine could be an effective method to preserve genetic variability of prairie dogs. C1 [Jones, Philip H.; Britten, Hugh B.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.; Eads, David A.; Eads, Samantha L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Britten, HB (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Hugh.Britten@usd.edu FU National Science Foundation/EPSCoR [0091948]; State of South Dakota FX We are grateful for Assiniboine Tribal authorities granting us access to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation. We thank the Bureau of Land Management and the Nature Conservancy of Montana for allowing access to their prairie dog colonies and for logistical support. We also want to thank S. Story for GIS datasets, and D. Hanson, G. Gerrish, and A. Willuweit for their assistance with trapping and collecting prairie dog samples. We appreciate the assistance of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Fort Collins, Colorado) for conducting plague tests on fleas during the epizootic outbreak. Partial funding was provided by the University of South Dakota Nelson Foundation and the University of South Dakota Office of Research and Sponsored Projects. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation/EPSCoR Grant No. 0091948 and by the State of South Dakota. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0275-0 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 934VW UT WOS:000303475800015 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Coonan, TJ Latta, BC Sage, GK Talbot, SL AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Coonan, Timothy J. Latta, Brian C. Sage, George K. Talbot, Sandra L. TI Genetic diversity of a newly established population of golden eagles on the Channel Islands, California SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Recent colonization; Genetic diversity; Founding event; Territorial species ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COALESCENT APPROACH; MIGRATION RATES; BOTTLENECK; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POLYMORPHISM AB Gene flow can have profound effects on the genetic diversity of a founding population depending on the number and relationship among colonizers and the duration of the colonization event. Here we used data from nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region loci to assess genetic diversity in golden eagles of the recently colonized Channel Islands, California. Genetic diversity in the Channel Island population was low, similar to signatures observed for other recent colonizing island populations. Differences in levels of genetic diversity and structure observed between mainland California and the islands suggests that few individuals were involved in the initial founding event, and may have comprised a family group. The spatial genetic structure observed between Channel Island and mainland California golden eagle populations across marker types, and genetic signature of population decline observed for the Channel Island population, suggest a single or relatively quick colonization event. Polarity in gene flow estimates based on mtDNA confirm an initial colonization of the Channel Islands by mainland golden eagles, but estimates from microsatellite data suggest that golden eagles on the islands were dispersing more recently to the mainland, possibly after reaching the carrying capacity of the island system. These results illustrate the strength of founding events on the genetic diversity of a population, and confirm that changes to genetic diversity can occur within just a few generations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Sage, George K.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Coonan, Timothy J.] Channel Isl Natl Pk, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Latta, Brian C.] Bird Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; Alaska Science Center; US Geological Survey; Shawn Houston, University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster [NIH P20RR016466] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Park Service, and the Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey. Technological support was provided by Shawn Houston, University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (NIH P20RR016466). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 146 IS 1 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.031 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912QI UT WOS:000301814300013 ER PT J AU Earnst, SL Holmes, AL AF Earnst, Susan L. Holmes, Aaron L. TI BIRD-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS IN INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN SHRUBSTEPPE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; bird-habitat relationships; cheatgrass; sagebrush; shrubsteppe ID BREEDING PASSERINE BIRDS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE HABITAT; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE; TRANSITION MODELS; SPATIAL SCALE; BIG SAGEBRUSH; GREAT-BASIN; USA AB Vegetation structure is important in structuring avian communities. In the sagebrush biome, where continued habitat loss is thought to threaten shrusteppe-obligate birds, both remotely sensed and field-acquired measures of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) cover have proven valuable in understanding avian abundance. Differences in structure between the exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and native bunchgrasses are also expected to be important. We used abundance from 318 point-count locations, coupled with field vegetation measurements and a detailed vegetation map, to model abundance of four shrub- and four grassland-associated avian species in southeastern Washington. Specifically, we ask whether species' abundances in bunchgrass and cheatgrass differ and whether mapped categories of cover adequately explain species' abundances or whether fine-grained, field-measured differences in vegetation are also important in explaining abundance. We found that the abundance of shrub associates did not differ in sagebrush with a cheatgrass vs. bunchgrass understory, but grassland associates tended to use bunchgrass more than cheatgrass grasslands (Horned Lark, Eremophila alpestris; Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum), or, in one case, cheatgrass more than bunchgrass (Long-billed Curlew, Numenius americanus). In the comparison of map- and field-based models, mapped cover types alone were sufficient for predicting abundance of five species studied, but models containing field-measured sagebrush cover outperformed models based on maps only for three species, the Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli)(+), Horned Lark (-), and Grasshopper Sparrow (-). We conclude that cover-type maps that consider understory composition and sagebrush density can predict avian distribution and abundance in the sagebrush biome efficiently. C1 [Earnst, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Holmes, Aaron L.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Holmes, Aaron L.] Oregon State Univ, Oak Creek Lab Biol, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Earnst, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM searnst@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Geological Survey's (USGS); USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; PRBO Conservation Science FX We thank Dominic DiPaolo, Suzie Lundsten, Tracy Walker, and Aja Woodrow for assistance with field work. Thanks to Joan Hagar, Heidi Newsome, Matthew Vander Haegen, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Mike Green, Tara Zimmerman, Carol Schuler, and Heidi Newsome helped secure funding for field work which was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 1 Migratory Bird Program and U. S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Science Support and Quick Response Programs. Hanford Reach National Monument provided logistic support, and the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and PRBO Conservation Science provided funding for analysis and writing. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is PRBO contribution 1808. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 30 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.100176 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000002 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Haig, SM Mullins, TD Popper, KJ Green, M AF Miller, Mark P. Haig, Susan M. Mullins, Thomas D. Popper, Kenneth J. Green, Michael TI EVIDENCE FOR POPULATION BOTTLENECKS AND SUBTLE GENETIC STRUCTURE IN THE YELLOW RAIL SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Yellow Rail; Coturnicops noveboracensis; genetic structure; bottlenecks; disjunct population; genetic diversity ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MUTATION-RATES; BIRDS; MOVEMENTS; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE; OREGON AB The Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracencis) is among the most enigmatic and least studied North American birds. Nesting exclusively in marshes and wetlands, it breeds largely east of the Rocky Mountains in the northern United States and Canada, but there is an isolated population in southern Oregon once believed extirpated. The degree of connectivity of the Oregon population with the main population is unknown. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) and six microsatellite loci to characterize the Yellow Rail's genetic structure and diversity patterns in six areas. Our mtDNA-based analyses of genetic structure identified significant population differentiation, but pairwise comparison of regions identified no clear geographic trends. In contrast, microsatellites suggested subtle genetic structure differentiating the Oregon population from those in the five regions sampled in the Yellow Rail's main breeding range. The genetic diversity of the Oregon population was also the lowest of the six regions sampled, and Oregon was one of three regions that demonstrated evidence of recent population bottlenecks. Factors that produced population reductions may include loss of wetlands to development and agricultural conversion, drought, and wildfire. At this time, we are unable to determine if the high percentage (50%) of populations having experienced bottlenecks is representative of the Yellow Rail's entire range. Further genetic data from additional breeding populations will be required for this issue to be addressed. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Haig, Susan M.; Mullins, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Popper, Kenneth J.] Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Green, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Nature Conservancy FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and The Nature Conservancy for supporting this work. Michel Robert and Ron Bazin of Environment Canada graciously provided Yellow Rail samples from Quebec and Manitoba for inclusion in our analyses. Eben Paxton and Cory Overton provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 28 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110055 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000009 ER PT J AU Pickens, BA King, SL AF Pickens, Bradley A. King, Sammy L. TI PREDICTING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF KING RAILS IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE detection probability; elusive species; extrapolation; Rallus elegans; receiver operator characteristic; rice; species distribution model ID WESTERN NEW-YORK; RICE FIELDS; HABITAT SUITABILITY; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; MARBLED MURRELET; DRAINAGE DITCHES; BIRD ABUNDANCE; SITE OCCUPANCY; MODELS; MARSH AB Species distribution modeling is valuable for assessing rare or elusive species and in landscapes where accessibility is limited, such as agricultural lands. While birds' local habitat associations are often well known, knowledge of broad-scale relationships and the spatial patterns of environmental factors is generally lacking. In this study, we develop and validate a predictive habitat model for the King Rail (Rallus elegans) in the rice-growing region of southwestern Louisiana and identify important areas for this elusive bird. In a previous localized study we found it to be associated with canopy cover and ditches/streams around the perimeter of rice fields. Here, we used a geographic information system (GIS) to extrapolate these habitat associations to the region (>940 000 ha). We determined the proportion of rice fields within a 5-km radius and quantified canopy cover and ditches within a 1-km radius. In repeated call-back surveys from 2007 to 2009 we recorded King Rails at 44 of 155 locations. On this basis, accounting for imperfect detection, we modeled King Rail occurrence. The validation results showed the model had good predictive ability, and in 17% of the area the predicted probability of occurrence was high. Accounting for imperfect detection resulted in an increased probability of occurrence. Most importantly, the spatial pattern revealed the threat of encroaching woody vegetation and the vulnerability of rail habitat to hurricanes and further land-use changes. Our study illustrates that field research can be extrapolated to GIS-based spatial models, which can identify key spatial patterns in a species' distribution. C1 [Pickens, Bradley A.; King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pickens, BA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,Agr Ctr, Rm 227,RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bpickens@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries / U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Gulf Coast Joint Venture FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries / U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State Wildlife Grant with support also from the Gulf Coast Joint Venture.We thank Bill Vermillion (Gulf Coast Joint Venture), Richard Martin and Dan Weber (The Nature Conservancy), and Larry Allain (USGS National Wetlands Center) for their insights and providing direction for our research project. R. Villani, H. Gee, E. Banfield, K. Leuenberger, A. Bevill, and K. Wiens provided field assistance, and C. Schowalter spent valuable time digitizing streams and ditches. We thank C. A. Drew, N. Winstead, C. Pickens, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. The use of trade, product, or industry firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 32 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.110025 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000010 ER PT J AU Spiegel, CS Haig, SM Goldstein, MI Huso, M AF Spiegel, Caleb S. Haig, Susan M. Goldstein, Michael I. Huso, Manuela TI FACTORS AFFECTING INCUBATION PATTERNS AND SEX ROLES OF BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS IN ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black Oystercatcher; disturbance; Haematopus; incubation behavior; nest failure; Prince William Sound; sex roles; video monitoring ID ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; NEST SUCCESS; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; PREDATION RISK; BEHAVIOR; SANDPIPER; PLOVERS; HABITAT AB Studies examining the effects of human disturbance on avian parental behavior and reproductive success are fundamental to bird conservation. However, many such studies fail to also consider the influence of natural threats, a variable environment, and parental roles. Our work examines interactive relationships of cyclical (time of day, tide, temperature, seasonality) and stochastic (natural/human disturbance) processes with incubation patterns (attendance, bout lengths, recess rates) of the Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani), a shore-bird of conservation concern. We used 24-hr-per-day video monitoring of 13 molecularly sexed breeding pairs to systematically examine incubation, revealing previously undocumented information that may inform conservation practices for the genus. Seven of 22 video-monitored nests failed, primarily from egg depredation by nocturnal mammals. Analyses of 3177 hr of video footage indicated a near doubling of incubation-bout lengths at night, corresponding to the increased risk of nighttime egg predation. Females had higher overall nest attendance (54% vs. 42%) and longer mean incubation bouts than did males (88 min vs. 73 min). Uninterrupted incubation bouts were over twice as long as bouts interrupted by disturbance. Incubating males departed nests substantially more frequently because of nest-area disturbances than did females in one but not both years of our study. Our findings suggest that the sexes incubate in different but complementary patterns, facilitating efficient egg care in a dynamic environment with several nest threats. We emphasize the importance of considering natural influences when human threats to shorebird reproductive behavior and success are evaluated. C1 [Spiegel, Caleb S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spiegel, Caleb S.; Haig, Susan M.; Huso, Manuela] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Huso, Manuela] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spiegel, CS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM caleb_spiegel@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USDA Forest Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Haig Lab and D. Edge at Oregon State University FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, USDA Forest Service, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. We thank the staff and volunteers of Chugach National Forest's Glacier Ranger District, particularly B. Brown, R. Crandall, A. Poe, and B. Venable for logistical planning, field assistance, and access to study sites. We also thank field technicians B. Cline and E. Krantz and video-review assistants J. Bridges, B. Carroll, D. Gagliasso, E. Krantz, S. Peterman, and B. Powers. Extra field support was contributed by D. Tessler, students and staff of Rowland St. Marks School, Babkin Charters, and B. Guzzetti, who also did the molecular sexing. C. McNamee provided computing advice. We appreciate the support of students and staff of the Haig Lab and D. Edge at Oregon State University. Finally, we thank L. Oring, D. Roby, M. Johnson, M. Patten, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100094 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000011 ER PT J AU Draheim, HM Baird, P Haig, SM AF Draheim, Hope M. Baird, Patricia Haig, Susan M. TI TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MTDNA VARIATION REVEALS DECREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LEAST TERNS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Least Tern; mitochondrial ND6 gene; genetic variation; museum specimens; temporal analysis; ancient DNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; COLONIZATION; ANTILLARUM; SEQUENCES; OWL AB The Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) has undergone large population declines over the last century as a result of direct and indirect anthropogenic factors. The genetic implications of these declines are unknown. We used historical museum specimens (pre-1960) and contemporary (2001-2005) samples to examine range-wide phylogeographic patterns and investigate potential loss in the species' genetic variation. We obtained sequences (522 bp) of the mitochondrial gene for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) from 268 individuals from across the species' range. Phylogeographic analysis revealed no association with geography or traditional subspecies designations. However, we detected potential reductions in genetic diversity in contemporary samples from California and the Atlantic coast Least Tern from that in historical samples, suggesting that current genetic diversity in Least Tern populations is lower than in their pre-1960 counterparts. Our results offer unique insights into changes in the Least Tern's genetic diversity over the past century and highlight the importance and utility of museum specimens in studies of conservation genetics. C1 [Draheim, Hope M.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baird, Patricia] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Draheim, HM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 203 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM draheimh@msu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We are grateful to the following for providing assistance in sample collection: Ruth Boettcher, Roger Boyd, Jeanette Boylan, John Castrale, Stephen Dinsmore, Phil Glass, Margo Haig, Rachel Hurt, Patty Kelly, Casey Kruse, Katy Kughen, Ken Jones, Casey Lott, Mark McCollough, Howard Nass, Greg Pavelka, Todd Pover, Rochelle Renken, Kevin Stubbs, Rosemary Vanderlee, Brad Winn, and Margo Zdravkovic. We thank the American Museum of Natural History; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida; and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, for their generous donation of museum specimens. We also thank Renee Bellinger, Katie Dugger, Chris Funk, Aaron Liston, Mark Miller, Tom Mullins, and Mike Schwartz for insightful discussion and helpful comments on the analysis and manuscript. Support for this project was generously provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110007 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000013 ER PT J AU Steen, VA Powell, AN AF Steen, Valerie A. Powell, Abby N. TI WETLAND SELECTION BY BREEDING AND FORAGING BLACK TERNS IN THE PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION OF THE UNITED STATES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black Tern; Chlidonias niger; habitat selection; prairie pothole region; Random Forests; wetlands ID VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; RANDOM FORESTS; HABITAT; BIRD; USA; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE; MARSH AB We examined wetland selection by the Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), a species that breeds primarily in the prairie pothole region, has experienced population declines, and is difficult to manage because of low site fidelity. To characterize its selection of wetlands in this region, we surveyed 589 wetlands throughout North and South Dakota. We documented breeding at 5% and foraging at 17% of wetlands. We created predictive habitat models with a machine-learning algorithm, Random Forests, to explore the relative role of local wetland characteristics and those of the surrounding landscape and to evaluate which characteristics were important to predicting breeding versus foraging. We also examined area-dependent wetland selection while addressing the passive sampling bias by replacing occurrence of terns in the models with an index of density. Local wetland variables were more important than landscape variables in predictions of occurrence of breeding and foraging. Wetland size was more important to prediction of foraging than of breeding locations, while floating matted vegetation was more important to prediction of breeding than of foraging locations. The amount of seasonal wetland in the landscape was the only landscape variable important to prediction of both foraging and breeding. Models based on a density index indicated that wetland selection by foraging terns may be more area dependent than that by breeding terns. Our study provides some of the first evidence for differential breeding and foraging wetland selection by Black Terns and for a more limited role of landscape effects and area sensitivity than has been previously shown. C1 [Steen, Valerie A.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Steen, VA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM valerie.steen@gmail.com RI Steen, Valerie/P-9913-2016; OI Steen, Valerie/0000-0002-1417-8139; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Science Support Program. The Habitat and Population Evaluation Team of USFWS region 6 and the U.S. Geological Survey's Northern Prairie Research Center provided valuable input and data. We thank the USFWS region 6 refuges and North and South Dakota wetland management districts for logistical support during field work. We appreciate the access granted to us by hundreds of landowners. We thank M. Alexander, J. Hennig, C. Houck, B. Johnson, M. Meyer, J. Miller, A. Miner, J. Morseth, T. Sandberg-Diment, and M. Schroer for their assistance in the field. A. Blanchard, R. Churchwell, F. Huettman, C. Hunter, D. Johnson, N. Niemuth, S. Oppel, D. Shealer, and D. Verbyla contributed valuable research input. Mention of trade names or commercial products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110097 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000014 ER PT J AU Carneiro, APB Jimenez, JE White, TH AF Carneiro, Ana Paula B. Jimenez, Jaime E. White, Thomas H., Jr. TI POST-FLEDGING HABITAT SELECTION BY THE SLENDER-BILLED PARAKEET (ENICOGNATHUS LEPTORHYNCHUS) IN A FRAGMENTED AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF SOUTHERN CHILE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE agricultural landscapes; habitat use; post-fledging; radio-tracking; Slender-billed Parakeet; Enicognathus leptorhynchus ID VULNERABLE SUPERB PARROT; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; HOME-RANGE; SPACE-USE; SCATTERED TREES; SPATIAL SCALES; PADDOCK TREES; RESOURCE USE; CONSERVATION; BIRD AB Despite the importance of the post-fledging period in avian population dynamics, little is known about habitat use during this life stage. We examined habitat selection by radio-tracked juvenile Slender-billed Parakeets (Enicognathus leptorhynchus) at multiple spatial scales in a fragmented agricultural landscape of southern Chile. Using home ranges versus study area (home-range selection) and locations versus combined home range (habitat-type selection), we based spatial analyses of habitat selection on the population level. Slender-billed Parakeets made similar habitat choices across the hierarchical levels examined, except for riparian and native second-growth forests, which they avoided at the level of overall home-range selection but used in proportion to availability at the level of habitat-type selection. Farmland and pastures with high densities of scattered mature trees were the only habitats positively selected at multiple spatial scales, adding to the increasing amount of literature highlighting the value of such trees for native fauna in highly modified areas. These trees appeared to be important for the birds during the post-fledging period as sites for feeding, perching, and roosting and to facilitate movement through open agricultural landscapes. C1 [Carneiro, Ana Paula B.] Univ Los Lagos, Lab Vida Silvestre, Osorno, Chile. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ N Texas, SubAntarctic Biocultural Conservat Program, Dept Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ N Texas, Dept Philosophy & Relig Studies, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. RP Carneiro, APB (reprint author), Univ Los Lagos, Lab Vida Silvestre, Ave Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile. EM anap_bertoldi@yahoo.com.br FU Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Parrots International; Amigos de Las Ayes USA; International Conure Association; Global Environment Fund-Sistema Regional de Areas Protegidas; Tony Pittman FX This study was supported by the Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Parrots International, Amigos de Las Ayes USA, International Conure Association, Global Environment Fund-Sistema Regional de Areas Protegidas, and Tony Pittman. We thank Mario Keim, Marcelo Keim, Marcelo Hott, Jorge Hott, Silvia Hott, and Guillermo Hott, who allowed us to work on their properties, and Claire Foster, Marialisa Laurelia, and Patricio Saez, who helped monitor the parakeets. Donald Brightsmith, Philip Unitt, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. Parakeet handling and instrumentation was authorized by permit 5484 from the Servicio Agricola y Ganadero. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by Universidad de Los Lagos or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100127 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000015 ER PT J AU Steckler, SE Conway, CJ AF Steckler, Sonya E. Conway, Courtney J. TI FREQUENT VOCALIZING IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH BROOD PARASITISM IN A HOST OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Bell's Vireo; brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; eavesdropping; host-activity hypothesis; host behavior; Molothrus ater; Vireo bellii; vocalization rate ID FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; PIED FLYCATCHER; SEXUAL SELECTION; NEST PREDATION; CLUTCH SIZE; SONG RATE; INFORMATION; INCUBATION; HYPOTHESIS; EVOLUTION AB Brood parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) can substantially affect host species' reproductive success. The "host-activity" hypothesis suggests that parasites eavesdrop on conspicuous behaviors to locate and parasitize hosts, and several studies of cowbird hosts support this hypothesis. In contrast, a recent study of the Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) reported a negative association between the host's vocalization rate near the nest and brood parasitism. This contradictory pattern is intriguing because Bell's Vireo is a common cowbird host and vocalizes near and on its nests. We tested a key assumption of the host-activity hypothesis in a different subspecies (V. b. arizonae) to determine whether the contradictory pattern reported in V. b. pusillus is an anomaly or could be generalized to other subspecies. Unparasitized vireos vocalized more frequently than parasitized birds, confirming that the pattern in Bell's Vireos is the opposite of that reported for other cowbird hosts. Nesting stage played a role: unparasitized birds vocalized more than parasitized birds only during the nest-building and incubation stages. Given that vocalization rate and other behaviors change through the breeding season, future tests of the host-activity hypothesis should control for nesting stage. Moreover, future efforts to identify the underlying cause for the association between vocalization rate and probability of parasitism should consider the possibility of reciprocal causal relationships between them. We propose five additional hypotheses to explain why in Bell's Vireo the pattern between these two traits is opposite of what has been reported in other birds. C1 [Steckler, Sonya E.; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Steckler, SE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sonya.steckler@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Geological Survey; TE, Inc. FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Geological Survey, and T&E, Inc. Pima County Parks and Recreation provided access to field sites. We thank C. Jorgensen, J. Ketchen, and A. Palmer for helping to collect field data. Comments by J. L. Koprowski, B. E. Kus, R. W. Mannan, and M. B. Brown improved the manuscript. K. Pelz-Serrano kindly translated the title and abstract into Spanish. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110006 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 910ZL UT WOS:000301687000021 ER PT J AU Neuzil, CE AF Neuzil, C. E. TI Hydromechanical effects of continental glaciation on groundwater systems SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Review DE flexural loading; glacial; glacial-hydromechanics; glacial loading; poromechanics; quaternary paleohydrogeology ID FLUID-FLOW; FRACTURED ROCK; ALBERTA BASIN; ICE-SHEET; HYDRAULIC UNDERPRESSURES; HYDROCARBON GENERATION; ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; PERCOLATION THEORY; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; STRESS AB Hydromechanical effects of continental ice sheets may involve considerably more than the widely recognized direct compression of overridden terrains by ice load. Lithospheric flexure, which lags ice advance and retreat, appears capable of causing comparable or greater stress changes. Together, direct and flexural loading may increase fluid pressures by tens of MPa in geologic units unable to drain. If so, fluid pressures in low-permeability formations subject to glaciation may have increased and decreased repeatedly during cycles of Pleistocene glaciation and can again in the future. Being asynchronous and normally oriented, direct and flexural loading presumably cause normal and shear stresses to evolve in a complex fashion through much or all of a glacial cycle. Simulations of fractured rock predict permeability might vary by two to three orders of magnitude under similar stress changes as fractures at different orientations are subjected to changing normal and shear stresses and some become critically stressed. Uncertainties surrounding these processes and their interactions, and the confounding influences of surface hydrologic changes, make it challenging to delineate their effects on groundwater flow and pressure regimes with any specificity. To date, evidence for hydromechanical changes caused by the last glaciation is sparse and inconclusive, comprising a few pressure anomalies attributed to the removal of direct ice load. This may change as more data are gathered, and understanding of relevant processes is refined. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Neuzil, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ceneuzil@usgs.gov NR 103 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 EI 1468-8123 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD FEB PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 SI SI DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2011.00347.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 897VK UT WOS:000300687000003 ER PT J AU Provost, AM Voss, CI Neuzil, CE AF Provost, A. M. Voss, C. I. Neuzil, C. E. TI Glaciation and regional groundwater flow in the Fennoscandian shield SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE glaciation; groundwater flow; numerical modeling ID CHEMISTRY; GRANITE; HISTORY; STRIPA AB Regional-scale groundwater flow modeling of the Fennoscandian shield suggests that groundwater flow can be strongly affected by future climate change and glaciation. We considered variable-density groundwater flow in a 1500-km-long and approximately 10-km-deep cross-section through southern Sweden. Groundwater flow and shield brine transport in the cross-sectional model were analyzed under projected surface conditions for the next 140 ka. Simulations suggest that blockage of recharge and discharge by low-permeability permafrost or cold-based ice causes sinking of brine and consequent freshening of near-surface water in areas of natural discharge. Although recharge of basal meltwater is limited by the requirement that water pressure at the base of the ice sheet not exceed the pressure exerted by the weight of the ice, warm-based ice with basal melting creates a potential for groundwater recharge rates much larger than those of present, ice-free conditions. In the simulations, regional-scale redistribution of recharged water by subsurface flow is minor over the duration of a glacial advance (approximately 10 ka). During glacial retreat, significant upward flow of groundwater may occur below the ice sheet owing to pressure release. If the mechanical loading efficiency of the rocks is high, both subsurface penetration of meltwater during glacial advance and up-flow during glacial retreat are reduced because of loading-induced pressure changes. The maximum rate of groundwater discharge in the simulations occurs at the receding ice margin, and some discharge occurs below incursive postglacial seas. Recharge of basal meltwater could decrease the concentration of dissolved solids significantly below present-day levels at depths of up to several kilometers and may bring oxygenated conditions to an otherwise reducing chemical environment for periods exceeding 10 ka. C1 [Provost, A. M.; Neuzil, C. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Voss, C. I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Provost, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 411 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM aprovost@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD FEB PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 SI SI DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2012.00361.x PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 897VK UT WOS:000300687000006 ER PT J AU Arnett, HA Saros, JE Mast, MA AF Arnett, Heather A. Saros, Jasmine E. Mast, M. Alisa TI A caveat regarding diatom-inferred nitrogen concentrations in oligotrophic lakes SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen deposition; Diatoms; Alpine lakes; Critical load ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; ALPINE LAKES; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INFERENCE MODELS; MOUNTAIN LAKES; DEPOSITION; USA AB Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) has enriched oligotrophic lakes with nitrogen (N) in many regions of the world and elicited dramatic changes in diatom community structure. The lake-water concentrations of nitrate that cause these community changes remain unclear, raising interest in the development of diatom-based transfer functions to infer nitrate. We developed a diatom calibration set using surface sediment samples from 46 high-elevation lakes across the Rocky Mountains of the western US, a region spanning an N deposition gradient from very low to moderate levels (<1 to 3.2 kg Nr ha(-1) year(-1) in wet deposition). Out of the fourteen measured environmental variables for these 46 lakes, ordination analysis identified that nitrate, specific conductance, total phosphorus, and hypolimnetic water temperature were related to diatom distributions. A transfer function was developed for nitrate and applied to a sedimentary diatom profile from Heart Lake in the central Rockies. The model coefficient of determination (bootstrapping validation) of 0.61 suggested potential for diatom-inferred reconstructions of lakewater nitrate concentrations over time, but a comparison of observed versus diatom-inferred nitrate values revealed the poor performance of this model at low nitrate concentrations. Resource physiology experiments revealed that nitrogen requirements of two key taxa were opposite to nitrate optima defined in the transfer function. Our data set reveals two underlying ecological constraints that impede the development of nitrate transfer functions in oligotrophic lakes: (1) even in lakes with nitrate concentrations below quantification (<1 mu g L-1), diatom assemblages were already dominated by species indicative of moderate N enrichment; (2) N-limited oligotrophic lakes switch to P limitation after receiving only modest inputs of reactive N, shifting the controls on diatom species changes along the length of the nitrate gradient. These constraints suggest that quantitative inferences of nitrate from diatom assemblages will likely require experimental approaches. C1 [Arnett, Heather A.; Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Arnett, Heather A.; Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Saros, JE (reprint author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jasmine.saros@maine.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0089600, DEB-0734277] FX We thank Kevin Rose, William Grey, Chelsea Lucas, Erin Wilcox, and Neil Winn for valuable field assistance. Steve Juggins assisted with statistical analyses. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments and feedback that substantially improved this manuscript. This project was funded by the National Park Service and the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-0089600 and DEB-0734277). NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10933-011-9576-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 920DL UT WOS:000302382200007 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Bolick, A Alexander, M Huffman, D Oborny, E Monroe, A AF Johnson, Matthew S. Bolick, Anne Alexander, Mara Huffman, David Oborny, Ed Monroe, Allen TI FLUCTUATIONS IN DENSITIES OF THE INVASIVE GILL PARASITE CENTROCESTUS FORMOSANUS (TREMATODA: HETEROPHYIDAE) IN THE COMAL RIVER, COMAL COUNTY, TEXAS, USA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; FISH; CERCARIAE; DIGENEA; MEXICO; CARP AB Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) is an invasive fish parasite in the Comal River, Texas, and is considered a threat to the federally endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola. Monitoring densities of C. formosanus cercariae is crucial to determining levels of infection pressure. We sampled 3 sites in the Comal River during 2 sampling periods, the first during 2006-2007, and again during 2009-2010. Two of the sites were located in the upstream reach of Landa Lake, sites HS and LA, and the third site was located downstream of Landa Lake in the old channel of the river. Cercariae densities were highest at the downstream most site (EA), followed by sites LA and HS, during both sampling periods, but a significant decline in cercariae density was observed between the first and second sampling periods. Several abiotic factors were monitored, including total stream discharge, wading discharge, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, but no river-wide trends were observed. Therefore, we speculate that these factors do not adequately explain the observed long-term decline in cercariae density. We propose that the decline is simply a reflection of a typical pattern followed by most invasive species as they gradually become integrated into the local community following an initial explosive growth in population size. Although cercariae densities may be abating, fountain darters in the Comal River are still threatened by the parasite, and conservation efforts must focus on reducing levels of infection pressure from the parasite whenever possible. C1 [Johnson, Matthew S.; Bolick, Anne; Alexander, Mara; Huffman, David; Oborny, Ed; Monroe, Allen] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM mara_alexander@fws.gov FU Edwards Aquifer Authority; BIO-WEST, Inc.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This project was partially funded by the Edwards Aquifer Authority, BIO-WEST, Inc., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank San Marcos NFHTC staff, including D. Araujo, V. Cantu, and P. Grant, for laboratory and field assistance. Tom Brandt and J. Fries provided comments to improve the quality of the manuscript. The views in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 98 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1645/GE-2841.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 907DV UT WOS:000301398900016 PM 21851264 ER PT J AU Linder, CM Cole, RA Hoffnagle, TL Persons, B Choudhury, A Haro, R Sterner, M AF Linder, Chad M. Cole, Rebecca A. Hoffnagle, Timothy L. Persons, Bill Choudhury, Anindo Haro, Roger Sterner, Mauritz TI PARASITES OF FISHES IN THE COLORADO RIVER AND SELECTED TRIBUTARIES IN GRAND CANYON, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAPEWORM BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI; NONNATIVE FISHES; CHUB AB As part of the endangered humpback chub (HBC; Gila cypha) Adaptive Management Program, a parasite survey was conducted from 28 June to 17 July 2006 in 8 tributaries and 7 adjacent sections of the main stein of the Colorado River, U.S.A. In total, 717 fish were caught, including 24 HBC. Field necropsies yielded 19 parasite species, 5 of which (Achtheres sp., Kathlaniidae gen. sp.. Caryophyllaidae gen. sp., Myxidium sp., and Octomacrum sp.) are new records for Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A. Spearman's correlation coefficient analyses showed no correlations between parasite burden and fork length for various combinations of fish and parasite species. Regression analyses suggest that no parasite species had a strong effect on fish length. The most diverse parasite community (n = 14) was at river kilometer (Rkm) 230, near the confluence of Kanab Creek. The most diverse parasite infracommunity (n = 12) was found in the nonnative channel catfish (CCF; Ictaluris punctatus). Overall parasite prevalence was highest in CCF (85%) followed by that in HBC (58%). The parasite fauna of humpback chub was mainly composed of Bothriocephalus achcilognathi and Ornithodiplostomum sp. metacercariae. C1 [Linder, Chad M.; Cole, Rebecca A.; Hoffnagle, Timothy L.; Persons, Bill; Choudhury, Anindo; Haro, Roger; Sterner, Mauritz] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Cole, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rcole@usgs.gov FU USGS; AGFD FX We gratefully acknowledge Wesley Shoop, Anson Koehler, and Rick McKown for fish necropsies; the late Dr. Dan Sutherland (academic advisor to CML); Scott Rogers (AGFD) for his assistance in collecting fish; and Stewart Reeder, Scott Perry, Annie Anderson, and Sam Jones (boat handlers) for assistance on the river. Funding was provided by USGS and AGFD. Collections of fish were conducted under the authority of USFWS permit TE821577-0. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 98 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1645/GE-2538.1 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 907DV UT WOS:000301398900017 PM 21793700 ER PT J AU Spooner, DE Vaughn, CC Galbraith, HS AF Spooner, Daniel E. Vaughn, Caryn C. Galbraith, Heather S. TI Species traits and environmental conditions govern the relationship between biodiversity effects across trophic levels SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity partitioning; Complementarity; Ecosystem function; Environmental context; Freshwater; Mollusk; Nutrient limitation; Species traits; Trophic level ID SEDIMENT ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PREDATOR DIVERSITY; FOOD-WEB; GRAZER DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; COMPETITION AB Changing environments can have divergent effects on biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships at alternating trophic levels. Freshwater mussels fertilize stream foodwebs through nutrient excretion, and mussel species-specific excretion rates depend on environmental conditions. We asked how differences in mussel diversity in varying environments influence the dynamics between primary producers and consumers. We conducted Weld experiments manipulating mussel richness under summer (low flow, high temperature) and fall (moderate flow and temperature) conditions, measured nutrient limitation, algal biomass and grazing chironomid abundance, and analyzed the data with non-transgressive overyielding and tripartite biodiversity partitioning analyses. Algal biomass and chironomid abundance were best explained by trait-independent complementarity among mussel species, but the relationship between biodiversity effects across trophic levels (algae and grazers) depended on seasonal differences in mussel species' trait expression (nutrient excretion and activity level). Both species identity and overall diversity effects were related to the magnitude of nutrient limitation. Our results demonstrate that biodiversity of a resource-provisioning (nutrients and habitat) group of species influences foodweb dynamics and that understanding species traits and environmental context are important for interpreting biodiversity experiments. C1 [Spooner, Daniel E.; Vaughn, Caryn C.; Galbraith, Heather S.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Spooner, Daniel E.; Vaughn, Caryn C.; Galbraith, Heather S.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Grad Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Spooner, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM dspooner45@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0211010]; Oklahoma Biological Survey FX We thank T. Garrett for allowing access to the Weld site, R. Deaton, S. and B. Dengler, D. Fenolio, S. Frazier, P. Jeyasingh, M. Jones, S. Jones, F. March, K. Reagan, R. Remington, and E. Webber for Weld and/or laboratory assistance, and D. Allen for comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0211010) and is a contribution to the program of the Oklahoma Biological Survey. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2012 VL 168 IS 2 BP 533 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2110-1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911GQ UT WOS:000301705700023 PM 21901360 ER PT J AU Corace, RG Shartell, LM Schulte, LA Brininger, WL McDowell, MKD Kashian, DM AF Corace, R. Gregory, III Shartell, Lindsey M. Schulte, Lisa A. Brininger, Wayne L. McDowell, Michelle K. D. Kashian, Daniel M. TI An Ecoregional Context for Forest Management on National Wildlife Refuges of the Upper Midwest, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Ecoregions; Forest restoration; Land cover; Landscape metrics; National Wildlife Refuge System ID PROTECTED AREAS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; UPPER MICHIGAN; FIRE HISTORY; LAND-USE; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; SYSTEM AB To facilitate forest planning and management on National Wildlife Refuges, we synthesized multiple data sources to describe land ownership patterns, land cover, landscape pattern, and changes in forest composition for four ecoregions and their associated refuges of the Upper Midwest. We related observed patterns to ecological processes important for forest conservation and restoration, with specific attention to refuge patterns of importance for forest landbirds of conservation priority. The large amount of public land within the ecoregions (31-80%) suggests that opportunities exist for coarse and meso-scale approaches to conserving and restoring ecological processes affecting the refuges, particularly historical fire regimes. Forests dominate both ecoregions and refuges, but refuge forest patches are generally larger and more aggregated than in associated ecoregions. Broadleaf taxa have increased in dominance in the ecoregions and displaced fire-dependent taxa such as pine (Pinus spp.) and other coniferous species; these changes in forest composition have likely also affected refuge forests. Despite compositional changes, larger forest patches on refuges suggests that they may provide better habitat for area-sensitive forest landbirds of mature, compositionally diverse forests than surrounding lands if management continues to promote increased patch size. We reason that although fine-scale research and monitoring for species of conservation priority is important, broad scale (ecoregional) assessments provide crucial context for effective forest and wildlife management in protected areas. C1 [Kashian, Daniel M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI USA. [Shartell, Lindsey M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Brininger, Wayne L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tamarac Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rochert, MN USA. [McDowell, Michelle K. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rice Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, McGregor, MN USA. RP Kashian, DM (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM dkash@wayne.edu FU Laurentian Mixed Forest-Great Lakes Coastal Biological Network of the Midwest Region of the National Wildlife Refuge System; Seney NWR; U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service; Midwest Region; Wayne State University; Seney Natural History Association FX The authors appreciate the support of colleagues in the Laurentian Mixed Forest-Great Lakes Coastal Biological Network of the Midwest Region of the National Wildlife Refuge System and the staff of Seney NWR, especially Mark Vaniman, Greg McClellan, and Laural Tansy. Funding for this project was received by the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Region, Seney NWR, and Wayne State University. Kim Trinkle (funded by the Seney Natural History Association) assisted with data analyses. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9776-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905UG UT WOS:000301300200007 PM 22052537 ER PT J AU Hogan, DM Labiosa, W Pearlstine, L Hallac, D Strong, D Hearn, P Bernknopf, R AF Hogan, Dianna M. Labiosa, William Pearlstine, Leonard Hallac, David Strong, David Hearn, Paul Bernknopf, Richard TI Estimating the Cumulative Ecological Effect of Local Scale Landscape Changes in South Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Ecological value; South Miami-Dade watershed study and plan; GIS; Florida Everglades; Model; Land use planning ID SURFACE-WATER QUALITY; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY; WETLANDS; CONSERVATION; AGRICULTURE; POLLUTION; AREA AB Ecosystem restoration in south Florida is a state and national priority centered on the Everglades wetlands. However, urban development pressures affect the restoration potential and remaining habitat functions of the natural undeveloped areas. Land use (LU) planning often focuses at the local level, but a better understanding of the cumulative effects of small projects at the landscape level is needed to support ecosystem restoration and preservation. The South Florida Ecosystem Portfolio Model (SFL EPM) is a regional LU planning tool developed to help stakeholders visualize LU scenario evaluation and improve communication about regional effects of LU decisions. One component of the SFL EPM is ecological value (EV), which is evaluated through modeled ecological criteria related to ecosystem services using metrics for (1) biodiversity potential, (2) threatened and endangered species, (3) rare and unique habitats, (4) landscape pattern and fragmentation, (5) water quality buffer potential, and (6) ecological restoration potential. In this article, we demonstrate the calculation of EV using two case studies: (1) assessing altered EV in the Biscayne Gateway area by comparing 2004 LU to potential LU in 2025 and 2050, and (2) the cumulative impact of adding limestone mines south of Miami. Our analyses spatially convey changing regional EV resulting from conversion of local natural and agricultural areas to urban, industrial, or extractive use. Different simulated local LU scenarios may result in different alterations in calculated regional EV. These case studies demonstrate methods that may facilitate evaluation of potential future LU patterns and incorporate EV into decision making. C1 [Hogan, Dianna M.; Strong, David; Hearn, Paul] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Labiosa, William] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Pearlstine, Leonard; Hallac, David] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL USA. [Bernknopf, Richard] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hogan, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MSN 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhogan@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 502 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9771-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905UG UT WOS:000301300200018 PM 22037616 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH Flores, CH ten Brink, US AF Bakun, William H. Flores, Claudia H. ten Brink, Uri S. TI Significant Earthquakes on the Enriquillo Fault System, Hispaniola, 1500-2010: Implications for Seismic Hazard SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LARGE SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; MAGNITUDES; LOCATIONS; RUPTURE; SLIP; RECURRENCE; TECTONICS; NEOGENE; EXAMPLE AB Historical records indicate frequent seismic activity along the north-east Caribbean plate boundary over the past 500 years, particularly on the island of Hispaniola. We use accounts of historical earthquakes to assign intensities and the intensity assignments for the 2010 Haiti earthquakes to derive an intensity attenuation relation for Hispaniola. The intensity assignments and the attenuation relation are used in a grid search to find source locations and magnitudes that best fit the intensity assignments. Here we describe a sequence of devastating earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system in the eighteenth century. An intensity magnitude M-I 6.6 earthquake in 1701 occurred near the location of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the accounts of the shaking in the 1701 earthquake are similar to those of the 2010 earthquake. A series of large earthquakes migrating from east to west started with the 18 October 1751 M-I 7.4-7.5 earthquake, probably located near the eastern end of the fault in the Dominican Republic, followed by the 21 November 1751 M-I 6.6 earthquake near Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and the 3 June 1770 M-I 7.5 earthquake west of the 2010 earthquake rupture. The 2010 Haiti earthquake may mark the beginning of a new cycle of large earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system after 240 years of seismic quiescence. The entire Enriquillo fault system appears to be seismically active; Haiti and the Dominican Republic should prepare for future devastating earthquakes. C1 [Bakun, William H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Flores, Claudia H.; ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bakun, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 65 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 18 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1785/0120110077 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700002 ER PT J AU Lienkaemper, JJ McFarland, FS Simpson, RW Bilham, RG Ponce, DA Boatwright, JJ Caskey, SJ AF Lienkaemper, James J. McFarland, Forrest S. Simpson, Robert W. Bilham, Roger G. Ponce, David A. Boatwright, John J. Caskey, S. John TI Long-Term Creep Rates on the Hayward Fault: Evidence for Controls on the Size and Frequency of Large Earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; STRIKE-SLIP EARTHQUAKES; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; LOG-A OBSERVATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FREMONT CALIFORNIA; DEPTH; SEISMICITY; REGION; ZONE AB The Hayward fault (HF) in California exhibits large (M-w 6.5-7.1) earthquakes with short recurrence times (161 +/- 65 yr), probably kept short by a 26%-78% aseismic release rate (including postseismic). Its interseismic release rate varies locally over time, as we infer from many decades of surface creep data. Earliest estimates of creep rate, primarily from infrequent surveys of offset cultural features, revealed distinct spatial variation in rates along the fault, but no detectable temporal variation. Since the 1989 M-w 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake (LPE), monitoring on 32 alinement arrays and 5 creepmeters has greatly improved the spatial and temporal resolution of creep rate. We now identify significant temporal variations, mostly associated with local and regional earthquakes. The largest rate change was a 6-yr cessation of creep along a 5-km length near the south end of the HF, attributed to a regional stress drop from the LPE, ending in 1996 with a 2-cm creep event. North of there near Union City starting in 1991, rates apparently increased by 25% above pre-LPE levels on a 16-km-long reach of the fault. Near Oakland in 2007 an M-w 4.2 earthquake initiated a 1-2 cm creep event extending 10-15 km along the fault. Using new better-constrained long-term creep rates, we updated earlier estimates of depth to locking along the HF. The locking depths outline a single, similar to 50-km-long locked or retarded patch with the potential for an M-w similar to 6.8 event equaling the 1868 HF earthquake. We propose that this inferred patch regulates the size and frequency of large earthquakes on HF. C1 [Lienkaemper, James J.; Simpson, Robert W.; Ponce, David A.; Boatwright, John J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McFarland, Forrest S.; Caskey, S. John] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Bilham, Roger G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lienkaemper, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlienk@usgs.gov OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 FU USGS; University of Colorado; SIR [9939-0KR02]; external [G10AC00139]; SFSU; [G10AC00161] FX The USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (SIR: 9939-0KR02; external: G10AC00139, SFSU and G10AC00161, University of Colorado) funded the investigation. We thank the many student surveyors from San Francisco State University whose diligent efforts since 1979, following the rigorous procedures developed by Jon Galehouse, have made this long-term creep monitoring effort possible. Malcolm Johnston kindly provided unpublished borehole strainmeter data and models for the 1996 and 2007 creep events. Roland Burgmann gave useful suggestions on the preliminary manuscript. We thank reviewers Malcolm Johnston, Suzanne Hecker, Pascal Bernard, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1785/0120110033 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700003 ER PT J AU Rastin, SJ Unsworth, CP Gledhill, KR McNamara, DE AF Rastin, S. J. Unsworth, C. P. Gledhill, K. R. McNamara, D. E. TI A Detailed Noise Characterization and Sensor Evaluation of the North Island of New Zealand Using the PQLX Data Quality Control System SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC BACKGROUND-NOISE; UNITED-STATES; EARTH NOISE; NETWORK; STATIONS AB In this paper we analyze five years of recordings (2005-2009) from the National Seismograph Network in the North Island of New Zealand using the power spectral density probability density function (PDF) method of McNamara and Buland (2004). At each station the ambient noise is characterized and the stable noise model is then represented with the modes of the corresponding PDFs over all periods. Obtaining such an accurate long-term noise baseline for each station provides a reference model that should serve to prioritize maintenance issues for the network operators. The PDF mode low-noise model (MLNM) for the North Island is then obtained from the minimum of all the noise modes at each period. The maximum and minimum differences between the North Island MLNM and the noise mode model periods are then calculated at each station as a quick assessment tool. The daily and seasonal variations of the noise mode model are then characterized, and the horizontal and vertical mode noise models are then compared at each station. The applied technique is practical for evaluating the cultural noise condition and the earthquake detection capability, as well as the installation design against unwanted tilt and temperature variation. C1 [Rastin, S. J.; Unsworth, C. P.] Univ Auckland, Dept Engn Sci, Auckland, New Zealand. [Gledhill, K. R.] Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [McNamara, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rastin, SJ (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Engn Sci, 70 Symonds St,Level 2, Auckland, New Zealand. EM s.rastin@auckland.ac.nz FU Earthquake Commission of New Zealand (EQC) FX This project was funded by Earthquake Commission of New Zealand (EQC). NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 98 EP 113 DI 10.1785/0120110064 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700009 ER PT J AU Yong, A Hough, SE Iwahashi, J Braverman, A AF Yong, Alan Hough, Susan E. Iwahashi, Junko Braverman, Amy TI A Terrain-Based Site-Conditions Map of California with Implications for the Contiguous United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SEISMIC GROUND-MOTION; SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; SATELLITE DATA; LOCAL GEOLOGY; EARTHQUAKE; AMPLIFICATION; LANDFORM; TOPOGRAPHY; REGION AB We present an approach based on geomorphometry to predict material properties and characterize site conditions using the V-S30 parameter (time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m). Our framework consists of an automated terrain classification scheme based on taxonomic criteria (slope gradient, local convexity, and surface texture) that systematically identifies 16 terrain types from 1-km spatial resolution (30 arcsec) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation models (SRTM DEMs). Using 853 V-S30 values from California, we apply a simulation-based statistical method to determine the mean V-S30 for each terrain type in California. We then compare the V-S30 values with models based on individual proxies, such as mapped surface geology and topographic slope, and show that our systematic terrain-based approach consistently performs better than semiempirical estimates based on individual proxies. To further evaluate our model, we apply our California-based estimates to terrains of the contiguous United States. Comparisons of our estimates with 325 V-S30 measurements outside of California, as well as estimates based on the topographic slope model, indicate our method to be statistically robust and more accurate. Our approach thus provides an objective and robust method for extending estimates of V-S30 for regions where in situ measurements are sparse or not readily available. C1 [Yong, Alan; Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Iwahashi, Junko] Geospatial Informat Author Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Braverman, Amy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Yong, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM yong@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1785/0120100262 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700010 ER PT J AU Garcia, D Wald, DJ Hearne, MG AF Garcia, D. Wald, D. J. Hearne, M. G. TI A Global Earthquake Discrimination Scheme to Optimize Ground-Motion Prediction Equation Selection SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; OUTER RISE EARTHQUAKES; FOCAL MECHANISMS; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; PLATE BOUNDARIES; APPARENT STRESS; MOMENT TENSORS; SEISMIC HAZARD; LITHOSPHERE AB We present a new automatic earthquake discrimination procedure to determine in near-real time the tectonic regime and seismotectonic domain of an earthquake, its most likely source type, and the corresponding ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) class to be used in the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Global ShakeMap system. This method makes use of the Flinn-Engdahl regionalization scheme, seismotectonic information (plate boundaries, global geology, seismicity catalogs, and regional and local studies), and the source parameters available from the USGS National Earthquake Information Center in the minutes following an earthquake to give the best estimation of the setting and mechanism of the event. Depending on the tectonic setting, additional criteria based on hypocentral depth, style of faulting, and regional seismicity may be applied. For subduction zones, these criteria include the use of focal mechanism information and detailed interface models to discriminate among outer-rise, upper-plate, interface, and intraslab seismicity. The scheme is validated against a large database of recent historical earthquakes. Though developed to assess GMPE selection in Global ShakeMap operations, we anticipate a variety of uses for this strategy, from real-time processing systems to any analysis involving tectonic classification of sources from seismic catalogs. C1 [Garcia, D.; Wald, D. J.; Hearne, M. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Garcia, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM danielg@fis.ucm.es OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU Spanish Ministry of Education (MEC) FX This work has greatly benefited from the contributions of many individuals at the U. S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). We thank Gregory Smoczyk, Bruce Presgrave, and Madeleine Zirbes for their assistance in using the Flinn-Engdahl scheme and other material available at NEIC, and Harley Benz for providing the historical composite focal mechanism code and for all his help in its implementation. We are also grateful to Russell Wheeler, who kindly assisted us in updating the extension of the stable continental regions defined by Johnston et al. (1994). Jim Dewey provided his invaluable experience in several tectonically complex areas around the globe and through a detailed review with key points to improve the original manuscript. Special thanks to Gavin Hayes, who not only provided us with his slab interface models, but also contributed with numerous and fruitful discussions and a thorough revision of the manuscript. Finally, we thank Goran Ekstrom for his information on the Global CMT database and Trevor Allen for comments on an early draft. D. Garc a was supported by the Postdoctoral Grants Program from the Spanish Ministry of Education (MEC). NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 185 EP 203 DI 10.1785/0120110124 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700014 ER PT J AU Worden, CB Gerstenberger, MC Rhoades, DA Wald, DJ AF Worden, C. B. Gerstenberger, M. C. Rhoades, D. A. Wald, D. J. TI Probabilistic Relationships between Ground-Motion Parameters and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS; EQUATIONS; SHAKEMAP AB We use a database of approximately 200,000 modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) observations of California earthquakes collected from USGS "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) reports, along with a comparable number of peak ground-motion amplitudes from California seismic networks, to develop probabilistic relationships between MMI and peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 0.3-s, 1-s, and 3-s 5% damped pseudospectral acceleration (PSA). After associating each ground-motion observation with an MMI computed from all the DYFI responses within 2 km of the observation, we derived a joint probability distribution between MMI and ground motion. We then derived reversible relationships between MMI and each ground-motion parameter by using a total least squares regression to fit a bilinear function to the median of the stacked probability distributions. Among the relationships, the fit to peak ground velocity has the smallest errors, though linear combinations of PGA and PGV give nominally better results. We also find that magnitude and distance terms reduce the overall residuals and are justifiable on an information theoretic basis. For intensities MMI >= 5, our results are in close agreement with the relations of Wald, Quitoriano, Heaton, and Kanamori (1999); for lower intensities, our results fall midway between Wald, Quitoriano, Heaton, and Kanamori (1999) and those of Atkinson and Kaka (2007). The earthquakes in the study ranged in magnitude from 3.0 to 7.3, and the distances ranged from less than a kilometer to about 400 km from the source. C1 [Worden, C. B.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Gerstenberger, M. C.; Rhoades, D. A.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Wald, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Worden, CB (reprint author), Synergetics Inc, 1520 S Coll Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU USGS; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [06HQGR0141]; GNS Science FX Northern California peak amplitude data for many events were provided by Jack Boatwright and Linda Seekins of the USGS, Menlo Park, California. Vince Quitoriano provided invaluable assistance in collecting and geocoding CIIM data. Funding for C. B. Worden was provided by the USGS under the ShakeMap project. Funding for M. C. Gerstenberger was provided by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program award number 06HQGR0141 and GNS Science. We are thankful for helpful reviews from Mark Stirling, Jim Cousins, Trevor Allen, Nico Luco, Gail Atkinson, Vera D'Amico, SanLinn Kaka, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 204 EP 221 DI 10.1785/0120110156 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700015 ER PT J AU Fuis, GS Scheirer, DS Langenheim, VE Kohler, MD AF Fuis, Gary S. Scheirer, Daniel S. Langenheim, Victoria E. Kohler, Monica D. TI A New Perspective on the Geometry of the San Andreas Fault in Southern California and Its Relationship to Lithospheric Structure SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; REGION SEISMIC EXPERIMENT; NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; GORGONIO-PASS; DEFORMATION BENEATH; GABRIEL MOUNTAINS; VELOCITY MODEL; TRAVEL-TIMES; EARTHQUAKE AB The widely held perception that the San Andreas fault (SAF) is vertical or steeply dipping in most places in southern California may not be correct. From studies of potential-field data, active-source imaging, and seismicity, the dip of the SAF is significantly nonvertical in many locations. The direction of dip appears to change in a systematic way through the Transverse Ranges: moderately southwest (55 degrees-75 degrees) in the western bend of the SAF in the Transverse Ranges (Big Bend); vertical to steep in the Mojave Desert; and moderately northeast (37 degrees-65 degrees) in a region extending from San Bernardino to the Salton Sea, spanning the eastern bend of the SAF in the Transverse Ranges. The shape of the modeled SAF is crudely that of a propeller. If confirmed by further studies, the geometry of the modeled SAF would have important implications for tectonics and strong ground motions from SAF earthquakes. The SAF can be traced or projected through the crust to the north side of a well documented high-velocity body (HVB) in the upper mantle beneath the Transverse Ranges. The north side of this HVB may be an extension of the plate boundary into the mantle, and the HVB would appear to be part of the Pacific plate. C1 [Fuis, Gary S.; Scheirer, Daniel S.; Langenheim, Victoria E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kohler, Monica D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Fuis, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 66 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 22 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 236 EP 251 DI 10.1785/0120110041 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700017 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Sherrod, B Trautman, M Burns, E Snyder, D AF Gomberg, J. Sherrod, B. Trautman, M. Burns, E. Snyder, D. TI Contemporary Seismicity in and around the Yakima Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Eastern Washington SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OREGON; EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; SWARMS; FAULTS; MODEL AB We examined characteristics of routinely cataloged seismicity from 1970 to the present in and around the Yakima fold-and-thrust belt (YFTB) in eastern Washington to determine if the characteristics of contemporary seismicity provide clues about regional-scale active tectonics or about more localized, near-surface processes. We employed new structural and hydrologic models of the Columbia River basalts (CRB) and found that one-third to one-half of the cataloged earthquakes occur within the CRB and that these CRB earthquakes exhibit significantly more clustered, and swarmlike, behavior than those outside. These results and inferences from published studies led us to hypothesize that clustered seismicity is likely associated with hydrologic changes in the CRB, which hosts the regional aquifer system. While some general features of the regional groundwater system support this hypothesis, seismicity patterns and mapped long-term changes in groundwater levels and present-day irrigation neither support nor refute it. Regional tectonic processes and crustal-scale structures likely influence the distribution of earthquakes both outside and within the CRB as well. We based this inference on qualitatively assessed alignments between the dominant northwest trends in the geologic structure and the seismicity generally and between specific faults and characteristics of the 2009 Wooded Island swarm and aseismic slip, which is the only cluster studied in detail and the most vigorous since regional monitoring began. C1 [Gomberg, J.; Sherrod, B.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trautman, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78705 USA. [Burns, E.; Snyder, D.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Burns, Erick/0000-0002-1747-0506 FU USGS-NAGT FX The authors thank Rick Blakely, David Oppenheimer, and Craig Weaver for their thoughtful and helpful reviews. We are also grateful to the USGS-NAGT undergraduate internship program, which provided support for M. Trautman. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1785/0120110065 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700022 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Fluid-Driven Seismicity Response of the Rinconada Fault near Paso Robles, California, to the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AFTERSHOCKS; STRESS; JAPAN; DECAY; COAST; LAW AB The 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon, California, earthquake caused significant damage in the city of Paso Robles and a persistent cluster of aftershocks close to Paso Robles near the Rinconada fault. Given the importance of secondary aftershock triggering in sequences of large events, a concern is whether this cluster of events could trigger another damaging earthquake near Paso Robles. An epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is fit to the Rinconada seismicity, and multiple realizations indicate a 0.36% probability of at least one M >= 6.0 earthquake during the next 30 years. However, this probability estimate is only as good as the projection into the future of the ETAS model. There is evidence that the seismicity may be influenced by fluid pressure changes, which cannot be forecasted using ETAS. The strongest evidence for fluids is the delay between the San Simeon mainshock and a high rate of seismicity in mid to late 2004. This delay can be explained as having been caused by a pore pressure decrease due to an undrained response to the coseismic dilatation, followed by increased pore pressure during the return to equilibrium. Seismicity migration along the fault also suggests fluid involvement, although the migration is too slow to be consistent with pore pressure diffusion. All other evidence, including focal mechanisms and b-value, is consistent with tectonic earthquakes. This suggests a model where the role of fluid pressure changes is limited to the first seven months, while the fluid pressure equilibrates. The ETAS modeling adequately fits the events after July 2004 when the pore pressure stabilizes. The ETAS models imply that while the probability of a damaging earthquake on the Rinconada fault has approximately doubled due to the San Simeon earthquake, the absolute probability remains low. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 377 EP 390 DI 10.1785/0120110169 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897BC UT WOS:000300614700027 ER PT J AU Jin, JM Kim, S Birdwell, JE AF Jin, Jang Mi Kim, Sunghwan Birdwell, Justin E. TI Molecular Characterization and Comparison of Shale Oils Generated by Different Pyrolysis Methods SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CRUDE-OIL; PETROLEUM; IDENTIFICATION; ASPHALTENES AB Shale oils generated using different laboratory pyrolysis methods have been studied using standard oil characterization, methods as well as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric photoionization (APPI) to assess differences in molecular composition. The pyrolysis oils were generated from samples of the Mahogany zone oil shale of the Eocene Green River Formation collected from outcrops in the Piceance Basin, Colorado, using three pyrolysis systems under conditions relevant to surface and in situ retorting approaches. Significant variations were observed in the shale oils, particularly the degree of conjugation of the constituent molecules and the distribution of nitrogen-containing compound classes. Comparison of FT-ICR MS results to other oil characteristics, such as specific gravity; saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene (SARA) distribution; and carbon number distribution determined by gas chromatography, indicated correspondence between higher average double bond equivalence (DBE) values and increasing asphaltene content. The results show that, based on the shale oil DBE distributions, highly conjugated species are enriched in samples produced under low pressure, high temperature conditions, and under high pressure, moderate temperature conditions in the presence of water. We also report, for the first time in any petroleum-like substance, the presence of N-4 class compounds based on FT-ICR MS data. Using double bond equivalence and carbon number distributions, structures for the N-4 class and other nitrogen-containing compounds are proposed. C1 [Kim, Sunghwan] Green Nano Mat Res Ctr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Jin, Jang Mi; Kim, Sunghwan] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM sunghwank@knu.ac.kr; jbirdwell@usgs.gov OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs, Korea [PMS5021]; USGS FX The authors thank the Korea Basic Science Institute for access to the 15T FT-ICR MS instrument and the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program for funding various aspects of this research. This work was also supported by Project No. PMS5021 (grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs, Korea). We would also like to thank A. Warden, Z. Lowry, and M. Lewan (U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO) for their assistance with various experimental aspects of this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 1054 EP 1062 DI 10.1021/ef201517a PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 892GQ UT WOS:000300275100031 ER PT J AU Henry, CD Hinz, NH Faulds, JE Colgan, JP John, DA Brooks, ER Cassel, EJ Garside, LJ Davis, DA Castor, SB AF Henry, Christopher D. Hinz, Nicholas H. Faulds, James E. Colgan, Joseph P. John, David A. Brooks, Elwood R. Cassel, Elizabeth J. Garside, Larry J. Davis, David A. Castor, Steven B. TI Eocene-Early Miocene paleotopography of the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin-Nevadaplano based on widespread ash-flow tuffs and paleovalleys SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; ANCESTRAL COLORADO RIVER; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; TOPOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION AB The distribution of Cenozoic ash-flow tuffs in the Great Basin and the Sierra Nevada of eastern California (United States) demonstrates that the region, commonly referred to as the Nevadaplano, was an erosional highland that was drained by major west- and and east-trending rivers, with a north-south paleodivide through eastern Nevada. The 28.9 Ma tuff of Campbell Creek is a voluminous (possibly as much as 3000 km(3)), petrographically and compositionally distinctive ash-flow tuff that erupted from a caldera in north-central Nevada and spread widely through paleovalleys across northern Nevada and the Sierra Nevada. The tuff can be correlated over a modern area of at least 55,000 km(2), from the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada to the Ruby Mountains in northeastern Nevada, present-day distances of similar to 280 km west and 300 km northeast of its source caldera. Corrected for later extension, the tuff flowed similar to 200 km to the west, down-valley and across what is now the Basin and Range-Sierra Nevada structural and topographic boundary, and similar to 215 km to the northeast, partly upvalley, across the inferred paleodivide, and downvalley to the east. The tuff also flowed as much as 100 km to the north and 60 km to the south, crossing several east-west divides between major paleovalleys. The tuff of Campbell Creek flowed through, and was deposited in, at least five major paleovalleys in western Nevada and the eastern Sierra Nevada. These characteristics are unusual compared to most other ash-flow tuffs in Nevada that also flowed great distances downvalley, but far less east and north-south; most tuffs were restricted to one or two major paleovalleys. Important factors in this greater distribution may be the great volume of erupted tuff and its eruption after similar to 3 Ma of nearly continuous, major pyroclastic eruptions near its caldera that probably filled in nearby topography. Distribution of the tuff of Campbell Creek and other ash-flow tuffs and continuity of paleovalleys demonstrates that (1) the Basin and Range-Sierra Nevada structural and topographic boundary did not exist before 23 Ma; (2) the Sierra Nevada was a lower, western ramp to the Nevadaplano; and (3) any faulting before 23 Ma in western Nevada, including in what is now the Walker Lane, and before 29 Ma in northern Nevada as far east as what is now the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex, was insufficient to disrupt the paleodrainages. These data are further evidence that major extension in Nevada occurred predominantly in the late Cenozoic. Characteristics of paleovalleys and tuff distributions suggest that the valleys resulted from prolonged erosion, probably aided by the warm, wet Eocene climate, but do not resolve the question of the absolute elevation of the Nevadaplano. Paleovalleys existed at least by ca. 50 Ma in the Sierra Nevada and by 46 Ma in northeastern Nevada, based on the age of the oldest paleovalley-filling sedimentary or tuff deposits. Paleovalleys were much wider (5-10 km) than they were deep (to 1.2 km; greatest in western Nevada and decreasing toward the paleo-Pacific Ocean) and typically had broad, flat bottoms and low-relief interfluves. Interfluves in Nevada had elevations of at least 1.2 km because paleovalleys were that deep. The gradient from the caldera eastward to the inferred paleodivide had to be sufficiently low so that the tuff could flow upstream more than 100 km. Two Quaternary ash-flow tuffs where topography is nearly unchanged since eruption flowed similar distances as the mid-Cenozoic tuffs at average gradients of similar to 2.5-8 m/km. Extrapolated 200-300 km (pre-extension) from the Pacific Ocean to the central Nevada caldera belt, the lower gradient would require elevations of only 0.5 km for valley floors and 1.5 km for interfluves. The great eastward, upvalley flow is consistent with recent stable isotope data that indicate low Oligocene topographic gradients in the Nevadaplano east of the Sierra Nevada, but the minimum elevations required for central Nevada are significantly less than indicated by the same stable isotope data. Although best recognized in the northern and central Sierra Nevada, early to middle Cenozoic paleodrainages may have crossed the southern Sierra Nevada. Similar early to middle Cenozoic paleodrainages existed from central Idaho to northern Sonora, Mexico, and persisted over most of that region until disrupted by major Middle Miocene extension. Therefore, the Nevadaplano was the middle part of an erosional highland that extended along at least this length. The timing of origin and location of this more all-encompassing highland indicates that uplift was predominantly a result of Late Cretaceous (Sevier) contraction in the north and a combination of Late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic (Sevier and Laramide) contraction in the south. C1 [Henry, Christopher D.; Hinz, Nicholas H.; Faulds, James E.; Garside, Larry J.; Davis, David A.; Castor, Steven B.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Colgan, Joseph P.; John, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brooks, Elwood R.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Cassel, Elizabeth J.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Henry, CD (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010; OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436; John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 170 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1130/GES00727.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 894GC UT WOS:000300414100001 ER PT J AU John, DA du Bray, EA Blakely, RJ Fleck, RJ Vikre, PG Box, SE Moring, BC AF John, David A. du Bray, Edward A. Blakely, Richard J. Fleck, Robert J. Vikre, Peter G. Box, Stephen E. Moring, Barry C. TI Miocene magmatism in the Bodie Hills volcanic field, California and Nevada: A long-lived eruptive center in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN-UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHERN GREAT-BASIN; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; STANISLAUS GROUP AB The Middle to Late Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field is a >700 km(2), long-lived (similar to 9 Ma) but episodic eruptive center in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc north of Mono Lake (California, U.S.). It consists of similar to 20 major eruptive units, including 4 trachyandesite stratovolcanoes emplaced along the margins of the field, and numerous, more centrally located silicic trachyandesite to rhyolite flow dome complexes. Bodie Hills volcanism was episodic with two peak periods of eruptive activity: an early period ca. 14.7-12.9 Ma that mostly formed trachyandesite stratovolcanoes and a later period between ca. 9.2 and 8.0 Ma dominated by large trachyandesite-dacite dome fields. A final period of small silicic dome em placement occurred ca. 6 Ma. Aeromagnetic and gravity data suggest that many of the Miocene volcanoes have shallow plutonic roots that extend to depths >= 1-2 km below the surface, and much of the Bodie Hills may be underlain by low-density plutons presumably related to Miocene volcanism. Compositions of Bodie Hills volcanic rocks vary from similar to 50 to 78 wt% SiO2, although rocks with <55 wt% SiO2 are rare. They form a high-K calc-alkaline series with pronounced negative Ti-P-Nb-Ta anomalies and high Ba/Nb, Ba/Ta, and La/Nb typical of subduction-related continental margin arcs. Most Bodie Hills rocks are porphyritic, commonly containing 15-35 vol% phenocrysts of plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende +/- biotite. The oldest eruptive units have the most mafic compositions, but volcanic rocks oscillated between mafic and intermediate to felsic compositions through time. Following a 2 Ma hiatus in volcanism, postsubduction rocks of the ca. 3.6-0.1 Ma, bimodal, high-K Aurora volcanic field erupted unconformably onto rocks of the Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field. At the latitude of the Bodie Hills, subduction of the Farallon plate is inferred to have ended ca. 10 Ma, evolving to a transform plate margin. However, volcanism in the region continued until 8 Ma without an apparent change in rock composition or style of eruption. Equidimensional, polygenetic volcanoes and the absence of dike swarms suggest a low differential horizontal stress regime throughout the lifespan of the Bodie Hills volcanic field. However, kinematic data for veins and faults in mining districts suggest a change in the stress field from transtensional to extensional approximately coincident with the inferred cessation of subduction. Numerous hydrothermal systems were operative in the Bodie Hills during the Miocene. Several large systems caused alteration of volcaniclastic rocks in areas as large as 30 km(2), but these altered rocks are mostly devoid of economic mineral concentrations. More structurally focused hydrothermal systems formed large epithermal Au-Ag vein deposits in the Bodie and Aurora mining districts. Economically important hydrothermal systems are temporally related to intermediate to silicic composition domes. Rock types, major and trace element compositions, petrographic characteristics, and volcanic features of the Bodie Hills volcanic field are similar to those of other large Miocene volcanic fields in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascade arc. Relative to other parts of the ancestral arc, especially north of Lake Tahoe in northeastern California, the scarcity of mafic rocks, relatively K-rich calc-alkaline compositions, and abundance of composite dome fields in the Bodie Hills may reflect thicker crust beneath the southern ancestral arc segment. Thicker crust may have inhibited direct ascent and eruption of mafic, mantle-derived magma, instead stalling its ascent in the lower or middle crust, thereby promoting differentiation to silicic compositions and development of porphyritic textures characteristic of the southern ancestral arc segment. C1 [John, David A.; Blakely, Richard J.; Fleck, Robert J.; Moring, Barry C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [du Bray, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vikre, Peter G.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Box, Stephen E.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. RP John, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM djohn@usgs.gov OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Jim Rytuba, Barnaby Rockwell, Ed Mankinen, and Luc Farmer for help in the field, Bill Silberman for access to his unpublished maps, Chris Henry for providing unpublished chemical analyses, Larry Snee and Mike Cosca for unpublished 40Ar/39Ar ages, Barney Berger and Amir Smailbegovic for lively discussions, and Chad Carlson, Jonathan Glen, and Chris Pluhar for discussions concerning paleomagnetic data and their regional tectonic implications. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. Reviews by Joe Colgan, Mike Sawlan, Keith Putirka, and Cathy Busby helped sharpen considerably our presentation and interpretations. NR 122 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 44 EP 97 DI 10.1130/GES00674.1 PG 54 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 894GC UT WOS:000300414100003 ER PT J AU Williams, T Morin, RH Jarrard, RD Jackolski, CL Henrys, SA Niessen, F Magens, D Kuhn, G Monien, D Powell, RD AF Williams, Trevor Morin, Roger H. Jarrard, Richard D. Jackolski, Chris L. Henrys, Stuart A. Niessen, Frank Magens, Diana Kuhn, Gerhard Monien, Donata Powell, Ross D. TI Lithostratigraphy from downhole logs in Hole AND-1B, Antarctica SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB The ANDRILL (Antarctic Drilling Project) McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) project drilled 1285 m of sediment in Hole AND-1B, representing the past 12 m.y. of glacial history. Downhole geophysical logs were acquired to a depth of 1018 mbsf (meters below seafloor), and are complementary to data acquired from the core. The natural gamma radiation (NGR) and magnetic susceptibility logs are particularly useful for understanding lithological and paleoenvironmental change at ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Hole AND-1B. NGR logs cover the entire interval from the seafloor to 1018 mbsf, and magnetic susceptibility and other logs covered the open hole intervals between 692 and 1018 and 237-342 mbsf. In the upper part of AND-1B, clear alternations between low and high NGR values distinguish between diatomite (lacking minerals containing naturally radioactive K, U, and Th) and diamictite (containing K-bearing clays, K-feldspar, mica, and heavy minerals). In the lower open hole logged section, NGR and magnetic susceptibility can also distinguish claystones (rich in K-bearing clay minerals, relatively low in magnetite) and diamictites (relatively high in magnetite). Sandstones can be distinguished by their high resistivity values in AND-1B. On the basis of these three downhole logs, diamictite, claystones, and sandstones can be predicted correctly for 74% of the 692-1018 mbsf interval. The logs were then used to predict facies for the 6% of this interval that was unrecovered by coring. Given the understanding of the physical property characteristics of different facies, it is also possible to identify subtle changes in lithology from the physical properties and help refine parts of the lithostratigraphy, for example, the varying terrigenous content of diatomites and the transitions from subice diamictite to open-water diatomite. C1 [Williams, Trevor] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Morin, Roger H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jarrard, Richard D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Jackolski, Chris L.; Powell, Ross D.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Henrys, Stuart A.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Niessen, Frank; Magens, Diana; Kuhn, Gerhard] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Monien, Donata] Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany. RP Williams, T (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Williams, Trevor/L-7670-2014; OI Williams, Trevor/0000-0001-9204-2731; Kuhn, Gerhard/0000-0001-6069-7485 FU National Science Foundation [0342484]; U.S. National Science Foundation; NZ Foundation for Research Science and Technology; Royal Society of New Zealand; Italian Antarctic Research Programme; German Research Foundation (DFG); Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres); Antarctica New Zealand; Raytheon Polar Services FX We thank Geosphere Guest Associate editor Tim Paulsen, two anonymous reviewers, and Alberto Malinverno for improving this paper. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0342484 through subawards administered by the ANDRILL Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and issued through Northern Illinois University, as part of the ANDRILL U.S. Science Support Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.; The ANDRILL Program is a multinational collaboration between the Antarctic Programs of Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United States. Antarctica New Zealand is the project operator, and has developed the drilling system in collaboration with Alex Pyne at Victoria University of Wellington and Webster Drilling and Enterprises Ltd. Scientific studies are jointly supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, NZ Foundation for Research Science and Technology, Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund, the Italian Antarctic Research Programme, the German Research Foundation (DFG), and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres). Antarctica New Zealand supported the drilling team at Scott Base; Raytheon Polar Services supported the science team at McMurdo Station and the Crary Science and Engineering Laboratory. The ANDRILL Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln provided science planning and operational support. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1130/GES00655.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 894GC UT WOS:000300414100006 ER PT J AU Hoblitt, RP Orr, TR Heliker, C Denlinger, RP Hon, K Cervelli, PF AF Hoblitt, Richard P. Orr, Tim R. Heliker, Christina Denlinger, Roger P. Hon, Ken Cervelli, Peter F. TI Inflation rates, rifts, and bands in a pahoehoe sheet flow SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LAVA FLOWS; BASALT EMPLACEMENT; PULSED INFLATION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; HAWAII; INSTRUMENT; CAUGHT AB The margins of sheet flows-pahoehoe lavas emplaced on surfaces sloping <2 degrees-are typically delineated by structures that form to accommodate vertical flow inflation. We refer to these structures as inflation rifts. The surfaces of inflation rifts almost always exhibit bands of varying color and texture. Various explanations for the bands have been proposed, but active band formation has never been documented. In order to test our hypothesis that banding is caused by changes in the inflation rate, we collected time-lapse photographs of the margin of an actively inflating flow and simultaneously measured the height of the flow with an extensometer. Data collected over a period of similar to 1 d indicate that the height of the flow margin changed in a stepwise manner and that rate changes correlate with band formation. This confirms our hypothesis. Inflation and rift-band formation is probably cyclic, because the pattern we observed suggests episodic or crude cyclic behavior. Furthermore, some inflation rifts contain numerous bands whose spacing and general appearances are remarkably similar. We propose a conceptual model wherein the inferred cyclicity is due to the competition between the fluid pressure in the flow's liquid core and the tensile strength of the visco elastic layer where it is weakest-in inflation rifts. The viscoelastic layer consists of lava that has cooled to temperatures between 800 and 1070 degrees C. This layer is the key parameter in our model because, in its absence, rift banding and stepwise changes in the flow height would not occur. C1 [Hoblitt, Richard P.; Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, David Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Orr, Tim R.; Heliker, Christina] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Hon, Ken] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cervelli, Peter F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hoblitt, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1130/GES00656.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 894GC UT WOS:000300414100009 ER PT J AU Davison, JE Graumlich, LJ Rowland, EL Pederson, GT Breshears, DD AF Davison, Jennifer E. Graumlich, Lisa J. Rowland, Erika L. Pederson, Gregory T. Breshears, David D. TI Leveraging modern climatology to increase adaptive capacity across protected area networks SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Climate change adaptation; Ecosystem management; Protected area networks; Southwestern US ID MAINTAINING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ECOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Human-driven changes in the global environment pose an increasingly urgent challenge for the management of ecosystems that is made all the more difficult by the uncertain future of both environmental conditions and ecological responses. Land managers need strategies to increase regional adaptive capacity, but relevant and rapid assessment approaches are lacking. To address this need, we developed a method to assess regional protected area networks across biophysically important climatic gradients often linked to biodiversity and ecosystem function. We plot the land of the southwestern United States across axes of historical climate space, and identify landscapes that may serve as strategic additions to current protected area portfolios. Considering climate space is straightforward, and it can be applied using a variety of relevant climate parameters across differing levels of land protection status. The resulting maps identify lands that are climatically distinct from existing protected areas, and may be utilized in combination with other ecological and socio-economic information essential to collaborative landscape-scale decision-making. Alongside other strategies intended to protect species of special concern, natural resources, and other ecosystem services, the methods presented herein provide another important hedging strategy intended to increase the adaptive capacity of protected area networks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davison, Jennifer E.; Graumlich, Lisa J.; Rowland, Erika L.; Pederson, Gregory T.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Davison, JE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, 1492 NE Boat St,Suite 218,Box 355355, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jnfrdvsn@u.washington.edu FU Institute for Environment, The University of Arizona; USDA MS-CREES; U.S. Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative; DOE NICCR [FC02-06ER64159] FX This work was funded in part by the Institute for Environment, The University of Arizona. J.E.D. was also funded through a USDA MS-CREES Ecohydrology Fellowship. G.T.P. was funded through the U.S. Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative. D.D.B, was supported by DOE NICCR FC02-06ER64159. Funding sources were not involved in any of the study phases, including the study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the report; nor the decision to submit the paper for publication. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 899LN UT WOS:000300817500024 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Burton, BL Powers, MH Minsley, BJ Phillips, JD Hunter, LE AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Burton, Bethany L. Powers, Michael H. Minsley, Burke J. Phillips, Jeffrey D. Hunter, Lewis E. TI Geophysical investigations of geology and structure at the Martis Creek Dam, Truckee, California SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Earthen dams; Martis Creek; Truckee Basin; ERT; Magnetotellurics; Seismic methods ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; LAKE TAHOE; DEFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHY; INVERSION; LEAKAGE; AREA AB A recent evaluation of Martis Creek Dam highlighted the potential for dam failure due to either seepage or an earthquake on nearby faults. In 1972, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed this earthen dam, located within the Truckee Basin to the north of Lake Tahoe, CA for water storage and flood control. Past attempts to raise the level of the Martis Creek Reservoir to its design level have been aborted due to seepage at locations downstream, along the west dam abutment, and at the base of the spillway. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey has undertaken a comprehensive suite of geophysical investigations aimed at understanding the interplay between geologic structure, seepage patterns, and reservoir and groundwater levels. This paper concerns the geologic structure surrounding Martis Creek Dam and emphasizes the importance of a regional-scale understanding to the interpretation of engineering-scale geophysical data. Our studies reveal a thick package of sedimentary deposits interbedded with Plio-Pleistocene volcanic flows: both the deposits and the flows are covered by glacial outwash. Magnetic field data, seismic tomography models, and seismic reflections are used to determine the distribution and chronology of the volcanic flows. Previous estimates of depth to basement (or the thickness of the interbedded deposits) was 100 m. Magnetotelluric soundings suggest that electrically resistive bedrock may be up to 2500 m deep. Both the Polaris Fault, identified outside of the study area using airborne LiDAR, and the previously unnamed Martis Creek Fault, have been mapped through the dam area using ground and airborne geophysics. Finally, as determined by direct-current resistivity imaging, time-domain electromagnetic sounding, and seismic refraction, the paleo-topography of the interface between the sedimentary deposits and the overlying glacial outwash plays a principal role both in controlling groundwater flow and in the distribution of the observed seepage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.; Burton, Bethany L.; Powers, Michael H.; Minsley, Burke J.; Phillips, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80212 USA. [Hunter, Lewis E.] US Army Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80212 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 77 BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.11.002 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 903CD UT WOS:000301092600002 ER PT J AU Patino, R Rosen, MR Orsak, EL Goodbred, SL May, TW Alvarez, D Echols, KR Wieser, CM Ruessler, S Torres, L AF Patino, Reynaldo Rosen, Michael R. Orsak, Erik L. Goodbred, Steven L. May, Thomas W. Alvarez, David Echols, Kathy R. Wieser, Carla M. Ruessler, Shane Torres, Leticia TI Patterns of metal composition and biological condition and their association in male common carp across an environmental contaminant gradient in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fish; Metals; Morphology; Physiology; Endocrine disruption ID FRESH-WATER FISH; PERCA-FLAVESCENS; TRACE-ELEMENT; YELLOW PERCH; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ZINC; LEAD; CADMIUM AB There is a contaminant gradient in Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA) that is partly driven by municipal and industrial runoff and wastewater inputs via Las Vegas Wash (LVW). Adult male common carp (Cyprinus carpio; 10 fish/site) were collected from LVW, Las Vegas Bay (receiving LVW flow), Overton Arm (OA, upstream reference), and Willow Beach (WB, downstream) in March 2008. Discriminant function analysis was used to describe differences in metal concentrations and biological condition of fish collected from the four study sites, and canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between metal and biological traits. Metal concentrations were determined in whole-body extracts. Of 63 metals screened, those initially used in the statistical analysis were Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Fe, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn. Biological variables analyzed included total length (TL), Fulton's condition factor, gonadosomatic index (CSI), hematocrit (Hct), and plasma estradiol-17 beta and 11-ketotestosterone (11kt) concentrations. Analysis of metal composition and biological condition both yielded strong discrimination of fish by site (respective canonical model, p<0.0001). Compared to OA, pairwise Mahalanobis distances between group means were WB700,000 sq. km. remnant of the Amerasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean that lies south of the Alpha-Mendeleev Large Igneous Province, which was constructed across the northern part of the Amerasia Basin between about 127 and 89-83.5 Ma. Canada Basin was filled by Early Jurassic to Holocene detritus from the Beaufort-Mackenzie Deltaic System, which drains the northern third of interior North America, with sizable contributions from Alaska and Northwest Canada. The basin contains roughly 5 or 6 million cubic km of sediment. Three fourths or more of this volume generates low amplitude seismic reflections, interpreted to represent hemipelagic deposits, which contain lenses to extensive interbeds of moderate amplitude reflections interpreted to represent unconfined turbidite and amalgamated channel deposits. Extrapolation from Arctic Alaska and Northwest Canada suggests that three fourths of the section in Canada Basin is correlative with stratigraphic sequences in these areas that contain intervals of hydrocarbon source rocks. In addition, worldwide heat flow averages suggest that about two thirds of Canada Basin lies in the oil or gas windows. Structural, stratigraphic and combined structural and stratigraphic features of local to regional occurrence offer exploration targets in Canada Basin, and at least one of these contains bright spots. However, deep water (to almost 4000 m), remoteness from harbors and markets, and thick accumulations of seasonal to permanent sea ice (until its possible removal by global warming later this century) will require the discovery of very large deposits for commercial success in most parts of Canada Basin. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grantz, Arthur; Hart, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Grantz, A (reprint author), 930 Van Auken Circle, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM agrantz@pacbell.net; hart@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This paper was prepared under contract from the World Energy Project of the USGS, which is administered by Donald L. Gautier of the USGS at Menlo Park, CA, but the design and conduct of the study and the preparation and submittal of this report represent the initiative of the authors. We greatly appreciate the comments and suggestions offered by technical reviewers Thomas E. Moore and Kenneth J. Bird, and Sergey S. Drachev. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 126 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.001 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 889IZ UT WOS:000300068700009 ER PT J AU Link, WA Eaton, MJ AF Link, William A. Eaton, Mitchell J. TI On thinning of chains in MCMC SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Markov chain Monte Carlo; thinning; WinBUGS ID MONTE-CARLO; MODEL AB 1. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a simulation technique that has revolutionised the analysis of ecological data, allowing the fitting of complex models in a Bayesian framework. Since 2001, there have been nearly 200 papers using MCMC in publications of the Ecological Society of America and the British Ecological Society, including more than 75 in the journal Ecology and 35 in the Journal of Applied Ecology. 2. We have noted that many authors routinely 'thin' their simulations, discarding all but every kth sampled value; of the studies we surveyed with details on MCMC implementation, 40% reported thinning. 3. Thinning is often unnecessary and always inefficient, reducing the precision with which features of the Markov chain are summarised. The inefficiency of thinning MCMC output has been known since the early 1990' s, long before MCMC appeared in ecological publications. 4. We discuss the background and prevalence of thinning, illustrate its consequences, discuss circumstances when it might be regarded as a reasonable option and recommend against routine thinning of chains unless necessitated by computer memory limitations. C1 [Link, William A.; Eaton, Mitchell J.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00131.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 884SK UT WOS:000299728300013 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Schmid, M Weller, DE AF Maloney, Kelly O. Schmid, Matthias Weller, Donald E. TI Applying additive modelling and gradient boosting to assess the effects of watershed and reach characteristics on riverine assemblages SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; diversity; fish; generalized additive models; richness; spatial autocorrelation; streams ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; REGRESSION SPLINES; VARIABLE SELECTION; STREAM FISHES; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION; COEFFICIENT; ALGORITHMS; LASSO; TREES AB 1. Issues with ecological data (e.g. non-normality of errors, nonlinear relationships and autocorrelation of variables) and modelling (e.g. overfitting, variable selection and prediction) complicate regression analyses in ecology. Flexible models, such as generalized additive models (GAMs), can address data issues, and machine learning techniques (e.g. gradient boosting) can help resolve modelling issues. Gradient boosted GAMs do both. Here, we illustrate the advantages of this technique using data on benthic macroinvertebrates and fish from 1573 small streams in Maryland, USA. 2. We assembled a predictor matrix of 15 watershed attributes (e. g. ecoregion and land use), 15 stream attributes (e. g. width and habitat quality) and location (latitude and longitude). We built boosted and conventionally estimated GAMs for macroinvertebrate richness and for the relative abundances of macroinvertebrates in the Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (% EPT); individuals that cling to substrate (% Clingers); and individuals in the collector/gatherer functional feeding group (% Collectors). For fish, models were constructed for taxonomic richness, benthic species richness, biomass and the relative abundance of tolerant individuals (% Tolerant Fish). 3. For several of the responses, boosted GAMs had lower pseudo R-s(2) than conventional GAMs for in-sample data but larger pseudo R-s(2) for out-of-bootstrap data, suggesting boosted GAMs do not overfit the data and have higher prediction accuracy than conventional GAMs. The models explained most variation in fish richness (pseudo R-2 = 0 97), least variation in % Clingers (pseudo R-2 = 0 28) and intermediate amounts of variation in the other responses (pseudo R(2)s between 0.41 and 0.60). Many relationships of macroinvertebrate responses to anthropogenic measures and natural watershed attributes were nonlinear. Fish responses were related to system size and local habitat quality. 4. For impervious surface, models predicted below model-average macroinvertebrate richness at levels above c.3 0%, lower % EPT above c. 1 5%, and lower % Clingers for levels above c.2 0%. Impervious surface did not affect% Collectors or any fish response. Prediction functions for% EPT and fish richness increased linearly with log(10) (watershed area), % Tolerant Fish decreased with log(10) (watershed area), and benthic fish richness and biomass both increased nonlinearly with log(10) (watershed area). 5. Gradient boosting optimizes the predictive accuracy of GAMs while preserving the structure of conventional GAMs, so that predictor-response relationships are more interpretable than with other machine learning methods. Boosting also avoids overfitting the data (by shrinking effect estimates towards zero and by performing variable selection), thus avoiding spurious predictor effects C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.; Weller, Donald E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Maloney, Kelly O.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Schmid, Matthias] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 FU Smithsonian Institution; US Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) [R831369]; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) at the University Hospital of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg [J11] FX We thank the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for providing the MBSS data; Sergej Potapov for providing code to produce the marginal spatial effect plots and Mark Minton, Barbara St John White, Lori Davias, Eric Lind, Jana McPherson and three anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by a Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to KOM and by the US Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant #R831369. The work of MS was supported by the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) at the University Hospital of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Project J11). Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 116 EP 128 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00124.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 884SK UT WOS:000299728300014 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Williamson, J Cobble, KR Busch, JD Antolin, MF Wagner, DM AF Rocke, Tonie E. Williamson, Judy Cobble, Kacy R. Busch, Joseph D. Antolin, Michael F. Wagner, David M. TI Resistance to Plague Among Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Populations SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Black-tailed prairie dogs; Genetics; Plague; Survival ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RATTUS-RATTUS; VACCINE; CONSUMPTION; MARKERS; BAITS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB In some rodent species frequently exposed to plague outbreaks caused by Yersinia pestis, resistance to the disease has evolved as a population trait. As a first step in determining if plague resistance has developed in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), animals captured from colonies in a plague-free region (South Dakota) and two plague-endemic regions (Colorado and Texas) were challenged with Y. pestis at one of three doses (2.5, 250, or 2500 mouse LD50s). South Dakota prairie dogs were far more susceptible to plague than Colorado and Texas prairie dogs (p <0.001), with a mortality rate of nearly 100% over all doses. Colorado and Texas prairie dogs were quite similar in their response, with overall survival rates of 50% and 60%, respectively. Prairie dogs from these states were heterogenous in their response, with some animals dying at the lowest dose (37% and 20%, respectively) and some surviving even at the highest dose (29% and 40%, respectively). Microsatellite analysis revealed that all three groups were distinct genetically, but further studies are needed to establish a genetic basis for the observed differences in plague resistance. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.; Williamson, Judy] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Cobble, Kacy R.; Busch, Joseph D.; Wagner, David M.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NIH-NIAID via the Pacific-Southwest RCE [AI065359] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and NIH-NIAID via the Pacific-Southwest RCE (AI065359). The authors are grateful to P. Nol and S. Smith for technical assistance; D. Heisey for statistical advice; and D. Biggins, J. Hall, and R. van Andel for editorial comments. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 37 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1089/vbz.2011.0602 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 892DU UT WOS:000300267700004 PM 21923261 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Dixon, MD Scott, ML Rabbe, L Larson, G Volke, M Werner, B AF Johnson, W. Carter Dixon, Mark D. Scott, Michael L. Rabbe, Lisa Larson, Gary Volke, Malia Werner, Brett TI Forty Years of Vegetation Change on the Missouri River Floodplain SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE riparian; cottonwood; deltas; restoration; reservoirs ID REGULATED RIVERS; GREAT-PLAINS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; NORTH-DAKOTA; DOWNSTREAM; DAMS; FOREST; BOTTOMLAND; RESTORATION AB Comparative inventories in 1969 and 1970 and in 2008 of vegetation from 30 forest stands downstream of Garrison Dam on the Missouri River in central North Dakota showed (a) a sharp decline in cottonwood regeneration; (b) a strong compositional shift toward dominance by green ash; and (c) large increases in invasive understory species, such as smooth brome, reed canary grass, and Canada thistle. These changes, and others discovered during remeasurement, have been caused by a complex of factors, some related to damming (altered hydrologic and sediment regimes, delta formation, and associated wet-dry cycles) and some not (diseases and expansion of invasive plants). Dominance of green ash, however, may be short lived, given the likelihood that the emerald ash borer will arrive in the Dakotas in 5-10 years, with potentially devastating effects. The prospects for recovery of this valuable ecosystem, rich in ecosystem goods and services and in American history, are daunting. C1 [Johnson, W. Carter; Larson, Gary; Volke, Malia; Werner, Brett] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Dixon, Mark D.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Scott, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Rabbe, Lisa] USA, Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM carter.johnson@sdstate.edu RI Dixon, Mark/F-2641-2011 OI Dixon, Mark/0000-0002-0345-5655 FU US Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City Office FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City Office. Warren Keammerer and Deborah Keammerer collected the forest understory data in 1969 and 1970. Dale Kohlmetz, Jennifer Young, Brittany A. Hummel, Keir A. Morse, and Tara L. Kline collected all field data in 2008. We also thank the many riparian landowners who allowed us to access their property and to sample their forests (some of them twice). We thank Waite Osterkamp for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript and for making helpful suggestions. This article is dedicated to the late Robert L. Burgess, whose foresight to investigate the ecological effects of darns on the newly impounded Missouri River made this long-term study possible. NR 61 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.2.6 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 890DJ UT WOS:000300125000005 ER PT J AU McMillan, JR Dunham, JB Reeves, GH Mills, JS Jordan, CE AF McMillan, John R. Dunham, Jason B. Reeves, Gordon H. Mills, Justin S. Jordan, Chris E. TI Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Steelhead trout; Alternative male phenotypes; Resident male maturity; Anadromy; Life history ID SALMO-SALAR L; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; BODY-SIZE; BROWN TROUT; BROOK CHARR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; MATING SYSTEM; PARR AB Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were sampled from the John Day River basin in northeast Oregon where both anadromous ("steelhead") and freshwater resident rainbow trout coexist. Larger males with higher lipid levels had a greater probability of maturing as a resident at age-1+. Among males, 38% were maturing overall, and the odds ratios of the logistic model indicated that the probability of a male maturing early as a resident at age-1+ increased 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-81%) for every 5 mm increase in length and 33% (95% CI = 10-61%) for every 0.5% increase in whole body lipid content. There was an inverse association between individual condition and water temperature as growth was greater in warmer streams while whole body lipid content was higher in cooler streams. Our results support predictions from life history theory and further suggest that relationships between individual condition, maturation, and environmental variables (e.g., water temperature) are shaped by complex developmental and evolutionary influences. C1 [McMillan, John R.; Mills, Justin S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Corvallis, OR USA. RP McMillan, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jmcmillan71@gmail.com FU NOAA; USGS; USFS; North Umpqua Foundation FX All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1 approved by NOAA and USFWS under the Endangered Species Act. Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James at ODFW helped identify survey locations and provided critical information on the John Day River basin. Nick Weber, Ian Tattam, Jeremiah Leslie assisted in data collection. Martin Fitzpatrick at USGS provided suggestions that improved the methods and manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, USFS, and the North Umpqua Foundation. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 23 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 885HC UT WOS:000299768600004 ER PT J AU Dembkowski, DJ Miranda, LE AF Dembkowski, Daniel J. Miranda, L. E. TI Hierarchy in factors affecting fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Floodplain lake; Biodiversity; Mississippi; Alluvial Valley; Environmental variables; Scale; Hierarchy ID SPECIES RICHNESS; OXBOW LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MISSOURI RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES; CONNECTIVITY; WATER; HABITAT; PATTERNS AB River-floodplain ecosystems offer some of the most diverse and dynamic environments in the world. Accordingly, floodplain habitats harbor diverse fish assemblages. Fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes may be influenced by multiple variables operating on disparate scales, and these variables may exhibit a hierarchical organization depending on whether one variable governs another. In this study, we examined the interaction between primary variables descriptive of floodplain lake large-scale features, suites of secondary variables descriptive of water quality and primary productivity, and a set of tertiary variables descriptive of fish biodiversity across a range of floodplain lakes in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Mississippi and Arkansas (USA). Lakes varied considerably in their representation of primary, secondary, and tertiary variables. Multivariate direct gradient analyses indicated that lake maximum depth and the percentage of agricultural land surrounding a lake were the most important factors controlling variation in suites of secondary and tertiary variables, followed to a lesser extent by lake surface area. Fish biodiversity was generally greatest in large, deep lakes with lower proportions of watershed agricultural land. Our results may help foster a holistic approach to floodplain lake management and suggest the framework for a feedback model wherein primary variables can be manipulated for conservation and restoration purposes and secondary and tertiary variables can be used to monitor the success of such efforts. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dembkowski, Daniel J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dembkowski, DJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM daniel.dembkowski@sdstate.edu NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9923-y PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 885HC UT WOS:000299768600005 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB Lott, RD Ruggles, MP Brandt, TF Legare, RG Holm, RJ AF Braaten, Patrick J. Fuller, David B. Lott, Ryan D. Ruggles, Michael P. Brandt, Tyrel F. Legare, Robert G. Holm, Robert J. TI An experimental test and models of drift and dispersal processes of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) free embryos in the Missouri River SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Acipenseridae; Dispersal; Missouri River; Ontogenetic development; Pallid sturgeon; River fragmentation ID LARVAL LAKE STURGEON; EARLY-LIFE INTERVALS; ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; BODY COLOR; NORTH-DAKOTA; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SIBERIAN STURGEON AB Free embryos of wild pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus were released in the Missouri River and captured at downstream sites through a 180-km reach of the river to examine ontogenetic drift and dispersal processes. Free embryos drifted primarily in the fastest portion of the river channel, and initial drift velocities for all age groups (mean = 0.66-0.70 m s(-1)) were only slightly slower than mean water column velocity (0.72 m s(-1)). During the multi-day long-distance drift period, drift velocities of all age groups declined an average of 9.7% day(-1). Younger free embryos remained in the drift upon termination of the study; whereas, older age groups transitioned from drifting to settling during the study. Models based on growth of free embryos, drift behavior, size-related variations in drift rates, and channel hydraulic characteristics were developed to estimate cumulative distance drifted during ontogenetic development through a range of simulated water temperatures and velocity conditions. Those models indicated that the average free embryo would be expected to drift several hundred km during ontogenetic development. Empirical data and model results highlight the long-duration, long-distance drift and dispersal processes for pallid sturgeon early life stages. In addition, results provide a likely mechanism for lack of pallid sturgeon recruitment in fragmented river reaches where dams and reservoirs reduce the length of free-flowing river available for pallid sturgeon free embryos during ontogenetic development. C1 [Braaten, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Fuller, David B.; Lott, Ryan D.; Ruggles, Michael P.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Fort Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Holm, Robert J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Riverdale, ND 58565 USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, POB 165, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM pbraaten@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Missouri River Recovery Integrated Science Program; Fort Peck Flow Modification Biological Data Collection Plan FX This project was funded in partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Integrated Science Program, as part of the Fort Peck Flow Modification Biological Data Collection Plan. Thanks are extended to personnel from Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (C. Dix, B. Dube, D. Garfield, T. Haddix, L. Holte, C. Hoyer, J. Hunziker, R. Kastet, M. Kottke, B. Lipscomb, S. Morehouse, C. Sampson, B. Tribby) and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (E. Nelson, Z. Sandness, R. Wilson) who assisted in field or hatchery operations. K. Chojnaki (U. S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center) designed the map. Discussions with R. Jacobson (U. S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center) and comments from R. Klumb, T. Welker, P. Rust, and three anonymous reviewers contributed to an improved version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 377 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9925-9 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 885HC UT WOS:000299768600007 ER PT J AU Dettinger, MD Ralph, FM Hughes, M Das, T Neiman, P Cox, D Estes, G Reynolds, D Hartman, R Cayan, D Jones, L AF Dettinger, Michael D. Ralph, F. Martin Hughes, Mimi Das, Tapash Neiman, Paul Cox, Dale Estes, Gary Reynolds, David Hartman, Robert Cayan, Daniel Jones, Lucy TI Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Storm hazards; California; Flood; Scenario; Emergency preparedness; Disaster management ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; REANALYSIS AB The USGS Multihazards Project is working with numerous agencies to evaluate and plan for hazards and damages that could be caused by extreme winter storms impacting California. Atmospheric and hydrological aspects of a hypothetical storm scenario have been quantified as a basis for estimation of human, infrastructure, economic, and environmental impacts for emergency-preparedness and flood-planning exercises. In order to ensure scientific defensibility and necessary levels of detail in the scenario description, selected historical storm episodes were concatentated to describe a rapid arrival of several major storms over the state, yielding precipitation totals and runoff rates beyond those occurring during the individual historical storms. This concatenation allowed the scenario designers to avoid arbitrary scalings and is based on historical occasions from the 19th and 20th Centuries when storms have stalled over the state and when extreme storms have arrived in rapid succession. Dynamically consistent, hourly precipitation, temperatures, barometric pressures (for consideration of storm surges and coastal erosion), and winds over California were developed for the so-called ARkStorm scenario by downscaling the concatenated global records of the historical storm sequences onto 6- and 2-km grids using a regional weather model of January 1969 and February 1986 storm conditions. The weather model outputs were then used to force a hydrologic model to simulate ARkStorm runoff, to better understand resulting flooding risks. Methods used to build this scenario can be applied to other emergency, nonemergency and non-California applications. C1 [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin; Hughes, Mimi; Neiman, Paul] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cox, Dale] US Geol Survey, Multihazards Demonstrat Program, Sacramento, CA USA. [Estes, Gary] Calif Extreme Precipitat Symposium, Auburn, CA USA. [Reynolds, David] Natl Weather Serv, Monterey, CA USA. [Hartman, Robert] NOAA, NWS Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Jones, Lucy] US Geol Survey, Multihazards Demonstrat Program, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdettinger@ucsd.edu RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU Delta Science Program; National Research Council at NOAA; USGS FX Thanks to Andrew W. Wood, Alan F. Hamlet, Dennis Lettenmaier, for VIC model, forcings, and parameters. The Delta Science Program's postdoctoral fellowship provided partial salary support for TD, and support for MH was received from a National Research Council postdoctoral award at NOAA and the USGS Multihazards Program. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9894-5 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 887UT UT WOS:000299957100017 ER PT J AU Smith, MJ Cromley, RG AF Smith, Martyn J. Cromley, Robert G. TI Measuring Historical Coastal Change using GIS and the Change Polygon Approach SO TRANSACTIONS IN GIS LA English DT Article ID SHORELINE CHANGE AB This study compares two automated approaches, the transect-from-baseline technique and a new change polygon method, for quantifying historical coastal change over time. The study shows that the transect-from-baseline technique is complicated by choice of a proper baseline as well as generating transects that intersect with each other rather than with the nearest shoreline. The change polygon method captures the full spatial difference between the positions of the two shorelines and average coastal change is the defined as the ratio of the net area divided by the shoreline length. Although then change polygon method is sensitive to the definition and measurement of shoreline length, the results are more invariant to parameter changes than the transect-from-baseline method, suggesting that the change polygon technique may be a more robust coastal change method. C1 [Cromley, Robert G.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Geog, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Smith, Martyn J.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. RP Cromley, RG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Geog, 215 Glenbrook Rd,U-148, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM robert.cromley@uconn.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1361-1682 EI 1467-9671 J9 T GIS JI Trans. GIS PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01292.x PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA 886WT UT WOS:000299885300002 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ AF Anteau, Michael J. TI Do Interactions of Land Use and Climate Affect Productivity of Waterbirds and Prairie-Pothole Wetlands? SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Climate change; Consolidation drainage; Ducks; Hydrology; Invertebrates; Piping plover; Shorebirds; Water-level fluctuations ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; ARCTIC-NESTING SANDPIPERS; LESSER SCAUP; UPPER-MIDWEST; NORTH-DAKOTA; MIGRATION; RECRUITMENT; MALLARDS; REGION AB Availability of aquatic invertebrates on migration and breeding areas influences recruitment of ducks and shorebirds. In wetlands of Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), aquatic invertebrate production primarily is driven by interannual fluctuations of water levels in response to wet-dry cycles in climate. However, this understanding comes from studying basins that are minimally impacted by agricultural landscape modifications. In the past 100-150 years, a large proportion of wetlands within the PPR have been altered; often water was drained from smaller to larger wetlands at lower elevations creating consolidated, interconnected basins. Here I present a case study and I hypothesize that large basins receiving inflow from consolidation drainage have reduced water-level fluctuations in response to climate cycles than those in undrained landscapes, resulting in relatively stable wetlands that have lower densities of invertebrate forage for ducks and shorebirds and also less foraging habitat, especially for shorebirds. Furthermore, stable water-levels and interconnected basins may favor introduced or invasive species (e.g., cattail [Typha spp.] or fish) because native communities "evolved" in a dynamic and isolated system. Accordingly, understanding interactions between water-level fluctuations and landscape modifications is a prerequisite step to modeling effects of climate change on wetland hydrology and productivity and concomitant recruitment of waterbirds. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0206-3 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889MX UT WOS:000300078900001 ER PT J AU Palta, MM Doyle, TW Jackson, CR Meyer, JL Sharitz, RR AF Palta, Monica M. Doyle, Thomas W. Jackson, C. Rhett Meyer, Judy L. Sharitz, Rebecca R. TI Changes in Diameter Growth of Taxodium distichum in Response to Flow Alterations in the Savannah River SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Dam operations; Flooding; Subsidy-stress hypothesis; Tree ring analysis ID FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; BALD CYPRESS; SWAMP FOREST; L RICH; FLORIDA; REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEMS; LOUISIANA; DYNAMICS; ILLINOIS AB Efforts to maximize or restore ecological function on floodplains impacted by dam construction have increasingly focused on river flow management. Few studies, however, consider floodplain hydrogeomorphic position and annual climatic variation in dam impact assessment. The Savannah River, a large river ecosystem in the Southeastern United States, was impounded in the 1950's. Our study objectives were: (1) Characterize hydrology in floodplain areas containing Taxodium distichum, and determine how it has been affected by dam operations; (2) Identify basal area increment (BAI) response of Taxodium to annual flooding and climate (dry, average, wet) conditions; (3) Assess BAI response to dam-induced hydrologic changes. Levee and backswamp sites were significantly drier in the post-dam era, and trees at these sites showed a significant post-dam increase in BAI. Low-elevation river sites did not show significant hydrologic differences between pre- and post-dam eras, but BAI was significantly higher in dry years and significantly less sensitive to hydroperiod in the post-dam era. All trees demonstrated a significant quadratic BAI vs. hydroperiod relationship. This study demonstrates that annual productivity of Taxodium trees can be reduced by either drought or flood stress. It also suggests that climate and hydrogeomorphic location mediate dam impacts and productivity-flooding relationships in Taxodium. C1 [Palta, Monica M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Doyle, Thomas W.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, USGS, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Meyer, Judy L.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sharitz, Rebecca R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sharitz, Rebecca R.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Palta, MM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM monicapalta@gmail.com OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546]; University of Georgia [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX We thank Paul Stankus, Will Duncan, Kimberly Andrews, Nick Lumley, Cub Stephens, Gayle Albers, Jeff Diez, Jamie Williams, and Paul Koehler for field assistance. Thanks also to the Savannah River Ecology Lab, Cowden Plantation, and Silver Bluff Plantation, for use of field sites and equipment; Mari Palta, for assistance in statistical analysis; and Will Conner, for providing comments on earlier drafts of this article. Manuscript preparation was aided by Financial Assistance Award No. DE-FC09-96SR18546 between the U.S. Department of Energy and the University of Georgia. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0245-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889MX UT WOS:000300078900006 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Whitbeck, JL AF Krauss, Ken W. Whitbeck, Julie L. TI Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes during Wetland Forest Retreat along the Lower Savannah River, Georgia (USA) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Respiration; Tidal freshwater forested wetlands ID FRESH-WATER SWAMPS; METHANE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PEATLAND SOILS; MARSH; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM; GRADIENT; RATES AB Tidal freshwater forested wetlands (tidal swamps) are periodically affected by salinity intrusion at seaward transitions with marsh, which, along with altered hydrology, may affect the balance of gaseous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses from soils. We measured greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from healthy, moderately degraded, and degraded tidal swamp soils undergoing sea-level-rise-induced retreat along the lower Savannah River, Georgia, USA. Soil CO2 flux ranged from 90.2 to 179.1 mg CO2 m(-2) h(-1) among study sites, and was the dominant greenhouse gas emitted. CO2 flux differed among sites in some months, while CH4 and N2O fluxes were 0.18 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1) and 1.23 mu g N2O m(-2) h(-1), respectively, with no differences among sites. Hydrology, soil temperature, and air temperature, but not salinity, controlled the annual balance of soil CO2 emissions from tidal swamp soils. No clear drivers were found for CH4 or N2O emissions. On occasion, large ebbing or very low tides were even found to draw CO2 fluxes into the soil (dark CO2 uptake), along with CH4 and N2O. Overall, we hypothesized a much greater role for salinity and site condition in controlling the suite of greenhouse gases emitted from tidal swamps than we discovered, and found that CO2 emissions-not CH4 or N2O-contributed most to the global warming potential from these tidal swamp soils. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Whitbeck, Julie L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This research was funded by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Jamie A. Duberstein, Teresa Fernandez, and James Senter provided field assistance for collection of gas samples, while Scott C. Neubauer, William H. Conner, Christopher B. Craft, and two anonymous referees provided valuable reviews of previous manuscript drafts. We thank Stephen P. Faulkner, Rebecca Moss, and Michael J. Baldwin for analyzing gas samples, Darren Johnson for conducting the statistical analyses, and William Russell Webb, Jane Griess, Robert Rahn, Don Williford, and Chuck Hayes with Savannah NWR for assistance in many aspects of this research from permit writing to providing boats. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0246-8 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889MX UT WOS:000300078900007 ER PT J AU Craddock, WH Kirby, E Zheng, DW Liu, JH AF Craddock, William H. Kirby, Eric Zheng Dewen Liu Jianhui TI Tectonic setting of Cretaceous basins on the NE Tibetan Plateau: insights from the Jungong basin SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; MONGOL-OKHOTSK OCEAN; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; EAST-CENTRAL TIBET; HOH XIL BASIN; NORTHERN TIBET; SOUTHERN TIBET; CENTRAL CHINA; EVOLUTION AB Quantifying the Cenozoic growth of high topography in the Indo-Asian collision zone remains challenging, due in part to significant shortening that occurred within Eurasia before collision. A growing body of evidence suggests that regions far removed from the suture zone experienced deformation before and during the early phases of Himalayan orogenesis. In the present-day north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, widespread deposits of Cretaceous sediment attest to significant basin formation; however, the tectonic setting of these basins remains enigmatic. We present a study of a regionally extensive network of sedimentary basins that are spatially associated with a system of SE-vergent thrust faults and are now exposed in the high ranges of the north-eastern corner of the Tibetan Plateau. We focus on a particularly well-exposed basin, located similar to 20 km north of the Kunlun fault in the Anyemaqen Shan. The basin is filled by similar to 900 m of alluvial sediments that become finer-grained away from the basin-bounding fault. Additionally, beds in the proximal footwall of the basin-bounding fault exhibit progressive, up-section shallowing and several intraformational unconformities which can be traced into correlative conformities in the distal part of the basin. The observations show sediment accumulated in the basin during fault motion. Regional constraints on the timing of sediment deposition are provided by both fossil assemblages from the Early Cretaceous, and by KAr dating of volcanic rocks that floor and cross-cut sedimentary fill. We argue that during the Cretaceous, the interior NE Tibetan Plateau experienced NWSE contractional deformation similar to that documented throughout the QinlingDabie orogen to the east. The Songpan-Ganzi terrane apparently marked the southern limit of this deformation, such that it may have been a relatively rigid block in the Tibetan lithosphere, separating regions experiencing deformation north of the convergent Tethyan margin from regions deforming inboard of the east Asian margin. C1 [Craddock, William H.; Kirby, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zheng Dewen] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu Jianhui] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Craddock, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcraddock@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR 0506622]; National Science Foundation of China [40234040]; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics [LED2008A01] FX This research benefitted greatly from conversations in the field with Wang Zhicai and Doug Burbank, and from discussions with Wang Weitao regarding the age of terrestrial deposits throughout the West Qinling. Liu Jianhui, Ali Sacks and Chen Zhengwei provided critical assistance in the field. This work was conducted with support from the Continental Dynamics program at NSF (EAR 0506622), the National Science Foundation of China (40234040), and the State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (LED2008A01). Critical reviews by Richard Lease, Brian Horton and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-091X EI 1365-2117 J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00515.x PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 873XG UT WOS:000298918100003 ER PT J AU Cui, P Dang, C Zhuang, JQ You, Y Chen, XQ Scott, KM AF Cui, Peng Dang, Chao Zhuang, Jian-qi You, Yong Chen, Xiao-qing Scott, Kevin M. TI Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide-dammed lake; Flood outburst; Risk assessment; Disaster mitigation; Tangjiashan ID DAMS AB Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake produced 257 landslide dams, mainly situated along the eastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where rivers descend approximately 3,000 m into the Sichuan Basin. The largest of these dams blocked the Tongkou River (a tributary of the Fujiang River) at Tangjiashan. The blockage, consisting of 2.04 x 10(7) m(3) of landslide debris, impounded a lake with a projected maximum volume of 3.15 x 10(8) m(3), potentially inundating 8.92 km(2) of terrain. Its creation during the rainy season and the possibility of an uncontrolled release posed a serious, impending threat to at least 1.3 million people downstream that could add substantially to the total of 69,200 individuals directly killed by the earthquake. Risk assessment of the blockage indicated that it was unlikely to collapse suddenly, and that eventual overtopping could be mitigated by notching the structure in order to create an engineered breach and achieve safe drainage of the lake. In addition to the installation of monitoring and warning instrumentation, for emergency planning we estimated several outburst scenarios equivalent to 20, 25, 33, and 50% of the dam failing suddenly, creating, respectively, 3.35, 3.84, 4.22, and 4.65 km(2) of flooded area, and overbank water depths of 4.6, 5.1, 5.7, and 6.2 m, respectively, in Mianyang, the second largest city in Sichuan Province, 48 km downstream from the blockage. Based on these scenarios, recommendations and plans for excavating a sluiceway, draining the lake, and downstream evacuation were proposed and later were implemented successfully, with the blockage breached by overtopping on June 10, less than a month after dam emplacement. The peak discharge of the release only slightly exceeded the flood of record at Mianyang City. No lives were lost, and significant property damage was avoided. Post-breaching evaluation reveals how future similar mitigation can be improved. Although initial breach erosion was slow, later erosion was judged uncontrollably rapid; increased slope of the engineered channel and adoption of a compound, trapezoid-triangular cross-section can be considered, as can other measures to control the rate of breach incision. Evacuees from Mianyang City spent an unnecessarily long time (12 days) in temporary settlements; more precise risk management planning can reduce this time in the future. C1 [Cui, Peng; Dang, Chao; Zhuang, Jian-qi; You, Yong; Chen, Xiao-qing] CAS, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Cui, Peng; Dang, Chao; Zhuang, Jian-qi; You, Yong; Chen, Xiao-qing] CAS, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Scott, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Cui, P (reprint author), CAS, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China. EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn FU State Key Fundamental Research Program [2008CB425802]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-302] FX The work was supported by the State Key Fundamental Research Program (project 2008CB425802), and the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (project KZCX2-YW-302). The authors acknowledge Prof. Liu Ning, Ministry of Land and Resources, Water Resources Bureau, Mianyang City, for providing photographs. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 65 IS 4 SI SI BP 1055 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0749-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 886FX UT WOS:000299840100012 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, JS Dietz, MW Masero, JA Gill, RE Dekinga, A Battley, PF Sanchez-Guzman, JM Piersma, T AF Gutierrez, Jorge S. Dietz, Maurine W. Masero, Jose A. Gill, Robert E., Jr. Dekinga, Anne Battley, Phil F. Sanchez-Guzman, Juan M. Piersma, Theunis TI Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: flexible responses to variable environmental conditions SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometry; evaporative water loss; habitat selection; migration; osmotic balance; phenotypic flexibility; trade-off; water balance ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; BAR-TAILED GODWITS; AVIAN SALT-GLAND; SALINE ENVIRONMENTS; PHENOTYPIC FLEXIBILITY; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; AYTHYA-AMERICANA; BANC-DARGUIN; DELAWARE BAY AB 1. Birds of marine environments have specialized glands to excrete salt, the saltglands. Located on the skull between the eyes, the size of these organs is expected to reflect their demand, which will vary with water turnover rates as a function of environmental (heat load, salinity of prey and drinking water) and organismal (energy demand, physiological state) factors. On the basis of inter- and intraspecific comparisons of saltgland mass (msg) in 29 species of shorebird (suborder Charadrii) from saline, fresh and mixed water habitats, we assessed the relative roles of organism and environment in determining measured msg species. 2. The allometric exponent, scaling dry msg to shorebird total body mass (mb), was significantly higher for coastal marine species (0 88, N = 19) than for nonmarine species (0 43, N = 14). Within the marine species, those ingesting bivalves intact had significantly higher msg than species eating soft-bodied invertebrates, indicating that seawater contained within the shells added to the salt load. 3. In red knots (Calidris canutus), dry msg varied with monthly averaged ambient temperature in a U-shaped way, with the lowest mass at 12 5 degrees C. This probably reflects increased energy demand for thermoregulation at low temperatures and elevated respiratory water loss at high temperatures. In fuelling bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica), dry msg was positively correlated with intestine mass, an indicator of relative food intake rates. These findings suggest once more that saltgland masses vary within species (and presumably individuals) in relation to salt load, that is a function of energy turnover (thermoregulation and fuelling) and evaporative water needs. 4. Our results support the notion that msg is strongly influenced by habitat salinity, and also by factors influencing salt load and demand for osmotically free water including ambient temperature, prey type and energy intake rates. Saltglands are evidently highly flexible organs. The small size of saltglands when demands are low suggests that any time costs of adjustment are lower than the costs of maintaining a larger size in this small but essential piece of metabolic machinery. C1 [Gutierrez, Jorge S.; Masero, Jose A.; Sanchez-Guzman, Juan M.] Univ Extremadura, Fac Sci, Dept Anat Cell Biol & Zool, Conservat Biol Res Grp, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. [Dietz, Maurine W.; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Life Sci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Dekinga, Anne; Piersma, Theunis] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Gill, Robert E., Jr.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Battley, Phil F.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Dept Ecol, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. RP Gutierrez, JS (reprint author), Univ Extremadura, Fac Sci, Dept Anat Cell Biol & Zool, Conservat Biol Res Grp, Ave Elvas, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. EM jorgesgutierrez@unex.es RI Dietz, Maurine/F-2614-2013; Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012; Masero, Jose A./A-9478-2008; SANCHEZ, JUAN MANUEL/M-1889-2014 OI Dietz, Maurine/0000-0001-9022-3790; Masero, Jose A./0000-0001-5318-4833; FU Junta de Extremadura [PRI06A209] FX We thank all those involved in the collection, handling and dissection of the specimens that yielded saltgland data. We thank Ted Garland for kindly supplying the PDAP software. Thanks also to Duncan Irschick, Jennifer Gill, Yuri Zharikov and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript. J.S.G. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from Junta de Extremadura (PRI06A209) to visit the University of Groningen. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877SZ UT WOS:000299204300026 ER PT J AU Trehu, AM Blakely, RJ Williams, MC AF Trehu, Anne M. Blakely, Richard J. Williams, Mark C. TI Subducted seamounts and recent earthquakes beneath the central Cascadia forearc SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COSTA-RICA; CONVERGENT MARGIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CENTRAL OREGON; ZONE; PLATE; SEGMENTATION; TECTONICS; RUPTURE; NICOYA AB Bathymetry and magnetic anomalies indicate that a seamount on the Juan de Fuca plate has been subducted beneath the central Cascadia accretionary complex and is now located similar to 45 km landward of the deformation front. Passage of this seamount through the accretionary complex has resulted in a pattern of uplift followed by subsidence that has had a profound influence on slope morphology, gas hydrate stability, and sedimentation. Based on potential-field data and a new three-dimensional seismic velocity model, we infer that this is the most recent of several seamounts subducted over the past several million years beneath this segment of Cascadia. More deeply subducted seamounts may be responsible for recent earthquake activity on the plate boundary in this region and for along-strike variations in the thickness of the subduction channel, which may affect coupling across the plate boundary. C1 [Trehu, Anne M.; Williams, Mark C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Trehu, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0550402, OCE-0646226] FX Thanks to the many colleagues with whom we have discussed the Cascadia subduction zone over the years. This manuscript was greatly improved in response to questions from Dave Scholl, Tom Brocher, and three anonymous reviewers. The work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants OCE-0550402 and OCE-0646226 to Oregon State University. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 40 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1130/G32460.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 883XL UT WOS:000299668100002 ER PT J AU Paillet, FL Williams, JH Urik, J Lukes, J Kobr, M Mares, S AF Paillet, Frederick L. Williams, John H. Urik, Joseph Lukes, Joseph Kobr, Miroslav Mares, Stanislav TI Cross-borehole flow analysis to characterize fracture connections in the Melechov Granite, Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fractured rocks; Hydraulic testing; Flowmeter logging; Czech Republic ID DEFINE HYDRAULIC CONNECTIONS; TESTS; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; ROCK AB Application of the cross-borehole flow method, in which short pumping cycles in one borehole are used to induce time-transient flow in another borehole, demonstrated that a simple hydraulic model can characterize the fracture connections in the bedrock mass between the two boreholes. The analysis determines the properties of fracture connections rather than those of individual fractures intersecting a single borehole; the model contains a limited number of adjustable parameters so that any correlation between measured and simulated flow test data is significant. The test was conducted in two 200-m deep boreholes spaced 21 m apart in the Melechov Granite in the Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic. Transient flow was measured at depth stations between the identified transmissive fractures in one of the boreholes during short-term pumping and recovery periods in the other borehole. Simulated flows, based on simple model geometries, closely matched the measured flows. The relative transmissivity and storage of the inferred fracture connections were corroborated by tracer testing. The results demonstrate that it is possible to assess the properties of a fracture flow network despite being restricted to making measurements in boreholes in which a local population of discrete fractures regulates the hydraulic communication with the larger-scale aquifer system. C1 [Paillet, Frederick L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Williams, John H.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Urik, Joseph; Lukes, Joseph] Aquatest As, Prague 15200 5, Czech Republic. [Urik, Joseph; Kobr, Miroslav; Mares, Stanislav] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Prague 12843 2, Czech Republic. RP Paillet, FL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM fredp@cox.net FU Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [GACR 205/07/0777]; Czech Ministry of Schools, Youth and Sports [MSM0021620855] FX This research was supported by funding from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under project GACR 205/07/0777 and also in part by the Czech Ministry of Schools, Youth and Sports under project MSM0021620855. We very much appreciate the generosity of the Mount Sopris Company for the loan of a geophysical logging system for flowmeter-data acquisition. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10040-011-0787-1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 884LM UT WOS:000299706800011 ER PT J AU Winter, SL Fuhlendorf, SD Goad, CL Davis, CA Hickman, KR Leslie, DM AF Winter, Stephen L. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D. Goad, Carla L. Davis, Craig A. Hickman, Karen R. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Restoration of the fire-grazing interaction in Artemisia filifolia shrubland SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; heterogeneity; hierarchy; patch burn; pyric herbivory; rangeland; scale ID SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITIES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE FORBS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; RESTORING HETEROGENEITY; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; HABITAT SELECTION; PYRIC-HERBIVORY; VEGETATION; SCALE; LANDSCAPE AB 1. Patterns of landscape heterogeneity are crucial to the maintenance of biodiversity in shrublands and grasslands, yet management practices in these ecosystems typically seek to homogenize landscapes. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of how the interaction of ecological processes, such as fire and grazing, affects patterns of heterogeneity at different spatial scales. 2. We conducted research in Artemisia filifolia (Asteraceae) shrublands located in the southern Great Plains of North America to determine the effect of restoring the fire-grazing interaction on vegetation structure. Data were collected for 3 years in replicated pastures grazed by cattle Bos taurus where the fire-grazing interaction had been restored (fire and grazing = treatment pastures) and in pastures that were grazed but remained unburned (grazing only, no fire = control pastures). The effect of the fire-grazing interaction on heterogeneity (variance) of vegetation structure was assessed at scales from 12 5 m 2 to 609 ha. 3. Most measurements of vegetation structure within treatment pastures differed from control pastures for 1-3 years after being burned but were thereafter similar to the values found in unburned control pastures. 4. Treatment pastures were characterized by a lower amount of total heterogeneity and a lower amount of heterogeneity through time. 5. Heterogeneity of vegetation structure tended to decrease as the scale of measurement increased in both treatment and control pastures. There was deviation from this trend, however, in the treatment pastures that exhibited much higher heterogeneity at the patch scale (mean patch size = 202 ha) of measurement, the scale at which patch fires were conducted. 6. Synthesis and applications. Vegetation structure in A. filifolia shrublands of our study was readily altered by the fire-grazing interaction but also demonstrated substantial resilience to these effects. The fire-grazing interaction also changed the total amount of heterogeneity characterizing this system, the scale at which heterogeneity in this system was expressed and the amount of heterogeneity expressed through time. Land managers seeking to impose a shifting mosaic of heterogeneity on this vegetation type can do so by restoring the fire-grazing interaction with potential conservation benefits similar to what has been achieved in other ecosystems where historic cycles of disturbance and rest have been restored. C1 [Winter, Stephen L.; Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Davis, Craig A.; Hickman, Karen R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Goad, Carla L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Winter, SL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM stephen.winter@okstate.edu RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011; Winter, Stephen/F-7049-2012 OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402; FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University [T-30-P]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35101-12928] FX This research was funded from State Wildlife Grant Project T-30-P of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University, administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating), and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2003-35101-12928. Assistance with field work was provided by S. Robertson, A. Ainsworth, M. Zendah, E. Doxon, J. Bryant, J. Burton, M. Cunningham, J. Richards, K. Spears and C. Waldin, and the USDA Southern Plains Research Range provided housing and logistical support during all field seasons. The manuscript benefitted from helpful comments by M. Fishbein, D. Shoup, the editor and two anonymous reviewers. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02067.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877CJ UT WOS:000299153800028 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Gomez, F Greene, W Rego, K Hansen, JD Costa, G Kataria, P Bromage, ES AF Ramirez-Gomez, Francisco Greene, Whitney Rego, Katherine Hansen, John D. Costa, Greg Kataria, Priti Bromage, Erin S. TI Discovery and Characterization of Secretory IgD in Rainbow Trout: Secretory IgD Is Produced through a Novel Splicing Mechanism SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POST-TRANSLATIONAL EVENTS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-D; HEAVY-CHAIN; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; GENES; EXPRESSION; HETEROGENEITY; MEMBRANE; REGION AB The gene encoding IgH delta has been found in all species of teleosts studied to date. However, catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the only species of fish in which a secretory form of IgD has been characterized, and it occurs through the use of a dedicated delta-secretory exon, which is absent from all other species examined. Our studies have revealed that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use a novel strategy for the generation of secreted IgD. The trout secretory delta transcript is produced via a run-on event in which the splice donor site at the end of the last constant domain exon (D7) is ignored and transcription continues until a stop codon is reached 33 nt downstream of the splice site, resulting in the production of an in-frame, 11-aa secretory tail at the end of the D7 domain. In silico analysis of several published IgD genes suggested that this unique splicing mechanism may also be used in other species of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Alternative splicing of the secretory delta transcript resulted in two delta-H chains, which incorporated C mu 1 and variable domains. Secreted IgD was found in two heavily glycosylated isoforms, which are assembled as monomeric polypeptides associated with L chains. Secretory delta mRNA and IgD(+) plasma cells were detected in all immune tissues at a lower frequency than secretory IgM. Our data demonstrate that secretory IgD is more prevalent and widespread across taxa than previously thought, and thus illustrate the potential that IgD may have a conserved role in immunity. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 188: 1341-1349. C1 [Ramirez-Gomez, Francisco; Greene, Whitney; Rego, Katherine; Costa, Greg; Kataria, Priti; Bromage, Erin S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bromage, ES (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 285 Old Westport Rd, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM ebromage@umassd.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35204-18660, 2009-65119-0592, 2009-005819] FX This work was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2008-35204-18660, 2009-65119-0592, and 2009-005819 from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 188 IS 3 BP 1341 EP 1349 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.1101938 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 884FL UT WOS:000299690200049 PM 22205025 ER PT J AU Snow, NP Andelt, WF Stanley, TR Resnik, JR Munson, L AF Snow, Nathan P. Andelt, William F. Stanley, Thomas R. Resnik, Jessica R. Munson, Linda TI Effects of roads on survival of San Clemente Island foxes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California Channel Islands; island fox; mortality; movement; road-kill; survival; Urocyon littoralis; vehicle ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; HOME-RANGE ESTIMATORS; VEHICLE COLLISIONS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; GRAY FOXES; RED FOXES; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; DECLINE; URBAN AB Roads generate a variety of influences on wildlife populations; however, little is known about the effects of roads on endemic wildlife on islands. Specifically, road-kills of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on San Clemente Island (SCI), Channel Islands, California, USA are a concern for resource managers. To determine the effects of roads on island foxes, we radiocollared foxes using a 3-tiered sampling design to represent the entire population in the study area, a sub-population near roads, and a sub-population away from roads on SCI. We examined annual survival rates using nest-survival models, causes of mortalities, and movements for each sample. We found the population had high annual survival (0.90), although survival declined with use of road habitat, particularly for intermediate-aged foxes. Foxes living near roads suffered lower annual survival (0.76), resulting from high frequencies of road-kills (7 of 11 mortalities). Foxes living away from roads had the highest annual survival (0.97). Road-kill was the most prominent cause of mortality detected on SCI, which we estimated as killing 38% of the population in the study area annually. Based on movements, we were unable to detect any responses by foxes that minimized their risks from roads. The probabilities of road-kills increased with use of the road habitat, volume of traffic, and decreasing road sinuosity. We recommend that managers should attempt to reduce road-kills by deterring or excluding foxes from entering roads, and attempting to modify behaviors of motorists to be vigilant for foxes. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Snow, Nathan P.; Andelt, William F.; Resnik, Jessica R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Munson, Linda] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Snow, NP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nsnow@msu.edu FU Department of the Navy on behalf of the Command, Pacific Fleet FX We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of L. Munson. We thank K. P. Burnham, J. L. Dooley, J. S. Ivan, and G. C. White for statistical advice. We thank C. P. Herbst, M. E. Jacques, V. N. Logsdon, M. B. Maley, and J. P. Purdum for assisting with monitoring in the field, and entering and proofreading data. We thank M. A. Booker, M. K. Brock, and R. A. Guieb from the U.S. Navy for logistical support. R. O. Coleman and D. M. Theobald provided GIS support. D. L. Clifford, T. W. Vickers, and D. K. Garcelon provided training and veterinary assistance. The Institute for Wildlife Studies shipped fox carcasses. We thank anonymous reviewers, M. A. Booker, R. O. Coleman, K. R. Crooks, R. A. Guieb, L. M. Markovchick, D. S. Ouren, J. I. Ransom, and T. W. Vickers for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank numerous agency employees, particularly those from the U.S. Navy, California Department of Fish and Game, Institute for Wildlife Studies, and University of California, Davis for cooperation on this project. This research was funded by the Department of the Navy on behalf of the Command, Pacific Fleet. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by Colorado State University or the U. S. Government. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1002/jwmg.247 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500004 ER PT J AU Ransom, JI AF Ransom, Jason I. TI Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; bias; Equus caballus; observation error; population estimation; simultaneous double-count; visibility; wild horse ID VISIBILITY BIAS; MARK-RECAPTURE; SIGHTABILITY MODEL; AUSTRALIA; COUNTS; ELK; ESTIMATORS; ABUNDANCE; DISTANCE; ANIMALS AB Observation bias pervades data collected during aerial surveys of large animals, and although some sources can be mitigated with informed planning, others must be addressed using valid sampling techniques that carefully model detection probability. Nonetheless, aerial surveys are frequently employed to count large mammals without applying such methods to account for heterogeneity in visibility of animal groups on the landscape. This often leaves managers and interest groups at odds over decisions that are not adequately informed. I analyzed detection of feral horse (Equus caballus) groups by dual independent observers from 24 fixed-wing and 16 helicopter flights using mixed-effect logistic regression models to investigate potential sources of observation bias. I accounted for observer skill, population location, and aircraft type in the model structure and analyzed the effects of group size, sun effect (position related to observer), vegetation type, topography, cloud cover, percent snow cover, and observer fatigue on detection of horse groups. The most important model-averaged effects for both fixed-wing and helicopter surveys included group size (fixed-wing: odds ratio?=?0.891, 95% CI?=?0.8500.935; helicopter: odds ratio?=?0.640, 95% CI?=?0.5870.698) and sun effect (fixed-wing: odds ratio?=?0.632, 95% CI?=?0.3501.141; helicopter: odds ratio?=?0.194, 95% CI?=?0.0800.470). Observer fatigue was also an important effect in the best model for helicopter surveys, with detection probability declining after 3?hr of survey time (odds ratio?=?0.278, 95% CI?=?0.1440.537). Biases arising from sun effect and observer fatigue can be mitigated by pre-flight survey design. Other sources of bias, such as those arising from group size, topography, and vegetation can only be addressed by employing valid sampling techniques such as double sampling, markresight (batch-marked animals), markrecapture (uniquely marked and identifiable animals), sightability bias correction models, and line transect distance sampling; however, some of these techniques may still only partially correct for negative observation biases. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ransomj@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX I thank the U.S. Bureau of Land Management for cooperation and assistance with special-use aviation needs over the federal lands they manage. B. Cade provided considerable statistical guidance and insight, as well as thoughtful and sometimes disturbing discussion on mixed-effect modeling. B. Lubow contributed greatly to design of aerial surveys. Thank you to D. Bolstad, B. Cade, S. Germaine, A. Kane, J. Roelle, A. Shepherd, and the anonymous referees who provided critical reviews and comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1002/jwmg.204 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500011 ER PT J AU Taylor, RL Walker, BL Naugle, DE Mills, LS AF Taylor, Rebecca L. Walker, Brett L. Naugle, David E. Mills, L. Scott TI Managing multiple vital rates to maximize greater sage-grouse population growth SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; demography; greater sage-grouse; life-stage simulation analysis; nest success; population growth; process variance; sagebrush; sensitivity; survival ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; NESTING HABITAT; SURVIVAL RATES; MANAGEMENT AB Despite decades of field research on greater sage-grouse, range-wide demographic data have yet to be synthesized into a sensitivity analysis to guide management actions. We reviewed range-wide demographic rates for greater sage-grouse from 1938 to 2011 and used data from 50 studies to parameterize a 2-stage, female-based population matrix model. We conducted life-stage simulation analyses to determine the proportion of variation in population growth rate (?) accounted for by each vital rate, and we calculated analytical sensitivity, elasticity, and variance-stabilized sensitivity to identify the contribution of each vital rate to ?. As expected for an upland game bird, greater sage-grouse showed marked annual and geographic variation in several vital rates. Three rates were demonstrably important for population growth: female survival, chick survival, and nest success. Female survival and chick survival, in that order, had the most influence on ? per unit change in vital rates. However, nest success explained more of the variation in ? than did the survival rates. In lieu of quantitative data on specific mortality factors driving local populations, we recommend that management efforts for greater sage-grouse first focus on increasing female survival by restoring large, intact sagebrush-steppe landscapes, reducing persistent sources of human-caused mortality, and eliminating anthropogenic habitat features that subsidize species that prey on juvenile, yearling, and adult females. Our analysis also supports efforts to increase chick survival and nest success by eliminating anthropogenic habitat features that subsidize chick and nest predators, and by managing shrub, forb, and grass cover, height, and composition to meet local brood-rearing and nesting habitat guidelines. We caution that habitat management to increase chick survival and nest success should not reduce the cover or height of sagebrush below that required for female survival in other seasons (e.g., fall, winter). The success or failure of management actions for sage-grouse should be assessed by measuring changes in vital rates over long time periods to avoid confounding with natural, annual variation. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Taylor, Rebecca L.; Walker, Brett L.; Naugle, David E.; Mills, L. Scott] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Taylor, RL (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rebecca.taylor@cfc.umt.edu RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X FU Bureau of Land Management, Department of Energy, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Anheuser-Busch Budweiser Conservation Scholarship; University of Montana; Bureau of Land Management's Miles City Field Office; Natural Resources Conservation Service's Sage-grouse Initiative FX We thank J. M. Graham for helpful statistical discussions, and D. Keppie, P. S. Coates, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. We thank numerous authors for contributing additional data, including P. S. Coates, D. K. Dahlgren, M. R. Guttery, D. Hausleitner, D. N. Koons, T. A. Messmer, J. L. Rebholz, and J. D. Tack. We likewise thank Utah State University Extension, Parker Mountain Adaptive Resource Management Working Group (PARM), and the Jack H. Berryman Institute for sharing data. B. L. Walker was supported during this research by the Bureau of Land Management, Department of Energy, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, an Anheuser-Busch Budweiser Conservation Scholarship, and a Bertha Morton Fellowship from the University of Montana. R. L. Taylor and L. S. Mills were supported by funding from the Bureau of Land Management's Miles City Field Office, and D. E. Naugle was supported by the Bureau of Land Management's Miles City Field Office and the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Sage-grouse Initiative. NR 111 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 336 EP 347 DI 10.1002/jwmg.267 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500015 ER PT J AU Sherfy, MH Stucker, JH Buhl, DA AF Sherfy, Mark H. Stucker, Jennifer H. Buhl, Deborah A. TI Selection of nest-site habitat by interior least terns in relation to sandbar construction SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat creation; habitat selection; least tern; Missouri River; sandbar; Sternula antillarum ID STERNA-ANTILLARUM; PIPING PLOVER; NEW-JERSEY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MISSOURI RIVER; SUCCESS; CALIFORNIA; COLONY; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS AB Federally endangered interior least terns (Sternula antillarum) nest on bare or sparsely vegetated sandbars on midcontinent river systems. Loss of nesting habitat has been implicated as a cause of population declines, and managing these habitats is a major initiative in population recovery. One such initiative involves construction of mid-channel sandbars on the Missouri River, where natural sandbar habitat has declined in quantity and quality since the late 1990s. We evaluated nest-site habitat selection by least terns on constructed and natural sandbars by comparing vegetation, substrate, and debris variables at nest sites (n?=?798) and random points (n?=?1,113) in bare or sparsely vegetated habitats. Our logistic regression models revealed that a broader suite of habitat features was important in nest-site selection on constructed than on natural sandbars. Odds ratios for habitat variables indicated that avoidance of habitat features was the dominant nest-site selection process on both sandbar types, with nesting terns being attracted to nest-site habitat features (gravel and debris) and avoiding vegetation only on constructed sandbars, and avoiding silt and leaf litter on both sandbar types. Despite the seemingly uniform nature of these habitats, our results suggest that a complex suite of habitat features influences nest-site choice by least terns. However, nest-site selection in this social, colonially nesting species may be influenced by other factors, including spatial arrangement of bare sand habitat, proximity to other least terns, and prior habitat occupancy by piping plovers (Charadrius melodus). We found that nest-site selection was sensitive to subtle variation in habitat features, suggesting that rigor in maintaining habitat condition will be necessary in managing sandbars for the benefit of least terns. Further, management strategies that reduce habitat features that are avoided by least terns may be the most beneficial to nesting least terns. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sherfy, Mark H.; Stucker, Jennifer H.; Buhl, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Sherfy, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM msherfy@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through the Missouri River Recovery Program. We thank C. Kruse, C. Huber, G. Pavelka, G. Jons, and J. Stirling for logistical support, and the many Army Corps and U.S. Geological Survey technicians who collected field data for this study. This manuscript benefitted from discussions among members of the Missouri River research team at Northern Prairie, and comments on earlier drafts by J. Burger, D. Brandt, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1002/jwmg.301 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500018 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RB Thompson, FR Koford, RR La Sorte, FA Woodward, HD Fitzgerald, JA AF Jacobs, Robert B. Thompson, Frank R., III Koford, Rolf R. La Sorte, Frank A. Woodward, Hope D. Fitzgerald, Jane A. TI Habitat and landscape effects on abundance of Missouri's grassland birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus henslowii; Ammodramus savannarum; Bird Conservation Area; dickcissel; grasshopper sparrow; grassland birds; habitat; Henslow's sparrow; Missouri; Spiza americana ID RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS; HENSLOW SPARROW; MIXTURE-MODELS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; SELECTION; PRAIRIE; COUNTS; ASSOCIATIONS; SENSITIVITY AB Of 6 million ha of prairie that once covered northern and western Missouri, <36,500?ha remain, with planted, managed, and restored grasslands comprising most contemporary grasslands. Most grasslands are used as pasture or hayfields. Native grasses largely have been replaced by fescue (Festuca spp.) on most private lands (almost 7 million ha). Previously cropped fields set aside under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) varied from a mix of cool-season grasses and forbs, or mix of native warm-season grasses and forbs, to simple tall-grass monocultures. We used generalized linear mixed models and distance sampling to assess abundance of 8 species of breeding grassland birds on 6 grassland types commonly associated with farm practices in Missouri and located in landscapes managed for grassland-bird conservation. We selected Bird Conservation Areas (BCAs) for their high percentage of grasslands and grassland-bird species, and for <5% forest cover. We used an information-theoretic approach to assess the relationship between bird abundance and 6 grassland types, 3 measures of vegetative structure, and 2 landscape variables (% grassland and edge density within a 1-km radius). We found support for all 3 levels of model parameters, although there was less support for landscape than vegetation structure effects likely because we studied high-percentage-grassland landscapes (BCAs). Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) counts increased with greater percentage of grassland, vegetation height-density, litter depth, and shrub cover and lower edge density. Henslow's sparrow counts were greatest in hayed native prairie. Dickcissel (Spiza americana) counts increased with greater vegetation height-density and were greatest in planted CRP grasslands. Grasshopper sparrow (A. savannarum) counts increased with lower vegetation height, litter depth, and shrub cover. Based on distance modeling, breeding densities of Henslow's sparrow, dickcissel, and grasshopper sparrow in the 6 grassland types ranged 0.92.6, 1.43.2, and 0.11.5?birds/ha, respectively. We suggest different grassland types and structures (vegetation height, litter depth, shrub cover) are needed to support priority grassland-bird species in Missouri. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Jacobs, Robert B.; Woodward, Hope D.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Jefferson City, MO 65109 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [La Sorte, Frank A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fitzgerald, Jane A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Brentwood, MO 63144 USA. RP Jacobs, RB (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 2901 W Truman Blvd, Jefferson City, MO 65109 USA. EM brad.jacobs@mdc.mo.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; Missouri Department of Conservation FX We thank J. Bart, J. Herkert, E. Kurzejeski, S. Sheriff, L. Mechlin, R. Clawson, R. Renken, M. Wallendorf, S. Hoerner, and E. Zenner for assistance in project and statistical design. We thank field technicians S. French, M. Hoffman, J. Snyder, H. Winfrey, S. Kinder, R. Oberman, A. Estes, S. Cole, A. Lamb, T. Bader, C. Priest, J. Brown, A. Wilberding, and K. Tomlinson. We are grateful to all the volunteers who provided support to the field technicians. Helpful comments on the manuscript were received from S. Davis, C. Ribic, and D. Twedt. Funding was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the Missouri Department of Conservation. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 82 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1002/jwmg.264 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500019 ER PT J AU Aldridge, CL Saher, DJ Childers, TM Stahlnecker, KE Bowen, ZH AF Aldridge, Cameron L. Saher, D. Joanne Childers, Theresa M. Stahlnecker, Kenneth E. Bowen, Zachary H. TI Crucial nesting habitat for gunnison sage-grouse: A spatially explicit hierarchical approach SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus minimus; Colorado; extrapolation; Gunnison sage-grouse; habitat; hierarchical model; nesting; resource selection; sagebrush ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; MULTIPLE SCALES; LAND-USE; POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE; ECOLOGY; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; VIABILITY AB Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of special concern and is currently considered a candidate species under Endangered Species Act. Careful management is therefore required to ensure that suitable habitat is maintained, particularly because much of the species' current distribution is faced with exurban development pressures. We assessed hierarchical nest site selection patterns of Gunnison sage-grouse inhabiting the western portion of the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, USA, at multiple spatial scales, using logistic regression-based resource selection functions. Models were selected using Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes (AICc) and predictive surfaces were generated using model averaged relative probabilities. Landscape-scale factors that had the most influence on nest site selection included the proportion of sagebrush cover >5%, mean productivity, and density of 2 wheel-drive roads. The landscape-scale predictive surface captured 97% of known Gunnison sage-grouse nests within the top 5 of 10 prediction bins, implicating 57% of the basin as crucial nesting habitat. Crucial habitat identified by the landscape model was used to define the extent for patch-scale modeling efforts. Patch-scale variables that had the greatest influence on nest site selection were the proportion of big sagebrush cover >10%, distance to residential development, distance to high volume paved roads, and mean productivity. This model accurately predicted independent nest locations. The unique hierarchical structure of our models more accurately captures the nested nature of habitat selection, and allowed for increased discrimination within larger landscapes of suitable habitat. We extrapolated the landscape-scale model to the entire Gunnison Basin because of conservation concerns for this species. We believe this predictive surface is a valuable tool which can be incorporated into land use and conservation planning as well the assessment of future land-use scenarios. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, NREL, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Childers, Theresa M.; Stahlnecker, Kenneth E.] Natl Pk Serv, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. RP Aldridge, CL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NREL, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cameron_aldridge@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; USGS Fort Collins Science Center; Gunnison National Park; Curecanti National Recreation Area; USGS; Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Earth Friends Conservation Fund; Western National Parks Association; Gunnison Sage-Grouse Strategic Committee FX For their hard work and dedication to field data collection, we thank F. Bayouth, J. Blum, L. Brummer, B. Cooper, B. Detamore, S. Gregory, K. Kasik, P. Magee, T. Meyers, J. Podeszek, T. Root, C. Santana, J. Severson, M. Sewalt, M. Szczypinski, J. Timmer, and G. Wann, with a special thanks to J. Frey and B. Palmer for their many years of work to keep the project running. This research has been supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service, with direct funding from the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area, the USGS Natural Resources Preservation Program, National Park Service Challenge Cost Share Program, the Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Earth Friends Conservation Fund, and the Western National Parks Association. We also thank the Colorado Division of Wildlife and specifically, M. Phillips, for guidance with data collection and discussions about Gunnison sage-grouse. We especially thank B. Cade for statistical advice, M. O'Donnell for assistance with spatial analyses, and A. Anderson, M. Pelletier, G. Gantt, and J. Sondergard for assistance with the roads layer classification. We thank J. Sedinger, J. Young, P. Coates, G. Chong, and D. Reinkensmeyer for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Finally, we thank members of the Gunnison Sage-Grouse Strategic Committee for their support of our research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 67 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 391 EP 406 DI 10.1002/jwmg.268 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500021 ER PT J AU Denton, JC Roy, CL Soulliere, GJ Potter, BA AF Denton, John C. Roy, Charlotte L. Soulliere, Gregory J. Potter, Bradly A. TI Current and projected abundance of potential nest sites for cavity-nesting ducks in hardwoods of the north central United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cavity-nesting ducks; hardwood forests; Midwest; natural cavities; wetlands ID WOOD DUCKS; OLD-GROWTH; FORESTS; TREES; AVAILABILITY; ILLINOIS AB Clearing of hardwood forests was widespread in the north central region of the United States at the turn of the 20th century, but largely subsided by the 1920s. Hardwood trees in the region have since regenerated and matured into sizes capable of producing nest cavities suitable for cavity-nesting ducks. We estimated regional nest-site abundance for cavity-nesting ducks during 2008, 2018, and 2028 from cavity density and tree-abundance estimates obtained at 4 hardwood forest sites in conjunction with Forest Inventory and Analysis data and tree-growth modeling software from the United States Forest Service (Forest Vegetation Simulator). Land cover data were used to determine area of hardwood forests =0.5?km, 0.51?km, 11.5?km, 1.52?km, and >2?km from wetlands and open water available to cavity-nesting ducks. We estimated 13.2 million, 17.0 million, 19.0 million, and 20.1 million potential duck nest cavities available =0.5?km, =1?km, =1.5?km, and =2?km of water, respectively, in the region and predicted nest cavity abundance will increase 41% from 2008 to 2028. Hardwood forests in Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin currently have the highest abundances of potential nest sites, but cavity-bearing forests in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin were more commonly proximate to wetlands and open water. Because current and future estimates indicate sufficient nest sites to support growing cavity-nesting duck populations in the north central United States, we recommend regional management efforts focus on protecting, restoring, and maintaining quality wetlands in proximity to hardwood forests. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Denton, John C.; Roy, Charlotte L.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Soulliere, Gregory J.; Potter, Bradly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI 48837 USA. RP Denton, JC (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, 2024 Newton Rd, Albany, GA 31701 USA. EM john.denton@gadnr.org FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX This project was funded by the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture, a bird conservation partnership coordinated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank research technicians L. Pratt and M. Shappell for diligent fieldwork at the 2 southern study areas. Likewise, field assistance was provided by G. King, J. Banfield, J. Hazelman, and K. Keiffer at Shiawassee NWR, and L. Fara, W. Hirt, K. Keiffer, and J. Schultz at Mead WA. We appreciate T. Dailey, S. Knowles, J. Lewis, R. Speer, A. Geiger, and T. Meier for providing logistic support and equipment, and K. Cordell for providing housing at Duck Creek CA. Our appreciation also goes out to E. Hellgren and L. Battaglia for aiding in project development and providing insightful comments. We appreciate the editorial comments of Dr. M. Eichholz, Dr. L. Fredrickson, and an anonymous reviewer. Thanks to the Cooperative Research Laboratory and the Zoology Department at Southern Illinois University Carbondale for providing equipment and staff time necessary to carry out this project. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1002/jwmg.271 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500024 ER PT J AU Stromberg, JC Shafroth, PB Hazelton, AF AF Stromberg, J. C. Shafroth, P. B. Hazelton, A. F. TI Legacies of flood reduction on a Dryland river SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dryland river; flood disturbance; flow management; plant species richness; riparian vegetation; Salix; Populus; Tamarix ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION RESPONSE; PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN RIVERS; EXTREME FLOODS; CHANNEL CHANGE; BOREAL RIVERS; GREAT-PLAINS; GREEN RIVER; DIVERSITY AB The Bill Williams (Arizona) is a regulated dryland river that is being managed, in part, for biodiversity via flow management. To inform management, we contrasted riparian plant communities between the Bill Williams and an upstream free-flowing tributary (Santa Maria). Goals of a first study (19961997) were to identify environmental controls on herbaceous species richness and compare richness among forest types. Analyses revealed that herbaceous species richness was negatively related to woody stem density, basal area and litter cover and positively related to light levels. Introduced Tamarix spp. was more frequent at the Bill Williams, but all three main forest types (Tamarix, Salix/Populus, Prosopis) had low understory richness, as well as high stem density and low light, on the Bill Williams as compared to the Santa Maria. The few edaphic differences between rivers (higher salinity at Bill Williams) had only weak connections with richness. A second study (20062007) focused on floristic richness at larger spatial scales. It revealed that during spring, and for the study cumulatively (spring and fall samplings combined), the riparian zone of the unregulated river had considerably more plant species. Annuals (vs. herbaceous perennials and woody species) showed the largest between-river difference. Relative richness of exotic (vs. native) species did not differ. We conclude that: (1) The legacy of reduced scouring frequency and extent at the Bill Williams has reduced the open space available for colonization by annuals; and (2) Change in forest biomass structure, more so than change in forest composition, is the major driver of changes in plant species richness along this flow-altered river. Our study informs dryland river management options by revealing trade-offs that exist between forest biomass structure and plant species richness. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Stromberg, J. C.; Hazelton, A. F.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Shafroth, P. B.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jstrom@asu.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ecosystem Management and Restoration; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District FX Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program (JCS) and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District (PBS). Site access was provided by the Bill Williams National Wildlife Refuge, City of Scottsdale and Arizona Game and Fish Department. We thank Doug Andersen, Rebecca Brown, and an anonymous reviewer for providing comments on the manuscript, and Tom Bates, Natalie Case, Tammy Fancher, Elizabeth Makings, Theresa Price, Donna Shorrock, Melanie Tluczek, Brian Webb, Jacqueline White and Margaret White for assisting with field data collection, plant species identification and/or map preparation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1002/rra.1449 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 882HS UT WOS:000299555000002 ER PT J AU Cooper, DJ Andersen, DC AF Cooper, D. J. Andersen, D. C. TI Novel plant communities limit the effects of a managed flood to restore riparian forests along a large regulated river SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; demography; environmental flows; fluvial landforms; managed flood; Populus; regulated river; riparian vegetation ID FREMONT COTTONWOOD SEEDLINGS; GRAND-CANYON; GREEN RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; CHANNEL CHANGE; VEGETATION; DOWNSTREAM; ECOSYSTEMS; COLORADO; USA AB Dam releases used to create downstream flows that mimic historic floods in timing, peak magnitude and recession rate are touted as key tools for restoring riparian vegetation on large regulated rivers. We analysed a flood on the 5th-order Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam, Colorado, in a broad alluvial valley where Fremont cottonwood riparian forests have senesced and little recruitment has occurred since dam completion in 1962. The stable post dam flow regime triggered the development of novel riparian communities with dense herbaceous plant cover. We monitored cottonwood recruitment on landforms inundated by a managed flood equal in magnitude and timing to the average pre-dam flood. To understand the potential for using managed floods as a riparian restoration tool, we implemented a controlled and replicated experiment to test the effects of artificially modified ground layer vegetation on cottonwood seedling establishment. Treatments to remove herbaceous vegetation and create bare ground included herbicide application (H), ploughing (P), and herbicide plus ploughing (H+P). Treatment improved seedling establishment. Initial seedling densities on treated areas were as much as 1200% higher than on neighbouring control (C) areas, but varied over three orders of magnitude among the five locations where manipulations were replicated. Only two replicates showed the expected seedling density rank of (H+P)>P>H>C. Few seedlings established in control plots and none survived 1 year. Seedling density was strongly affected by seed rain density. Herbivory affected growth and survivorship of recruits, and few survived nine growing seasons. Our results suggest that the novel plant communities are ecologically and geomorphically resistant to change. Managed flooding alone, using flows equal to the pre-dam mean annual peak flood, is an ineffective riparian restoration tool where such ecosystem states are present and floods cannot create new habitat for seedling establishment. This problem significantly limits long-term river and riparian management options. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cooper, D. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Andersen, D. C.] US Bur Reclamat 86 68220, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cooper, DJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM David.Cooper@colostate.edu RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Regional Office; US Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Regional Office and the US Geological Survey. The authors thank Karen Barnett and Christine Karas for support. Logistical support and assistance in Browns Park was provided by Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge managers Jeri Gambel and Mike Bryant, and staff member Bob Harding, who prepared the treatments. They also thank Cari McCown, Tom Bates and Krista Northcott for assistance in data collection, Christopher Arp for helping with initial experimental design and Brian Cade for advice during analysis. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 204 EP 215 DI 10.1002/rra.1452 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 882HS UT WOS:000299555000006 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Abdul-Aziz, OI AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Abdul-Aziz, Omar I. TI Hydrological effects of the increased CO2 and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; ELEVATED CO2; EPIC MODEL; RUNOFF; SCALE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change may significantly impact the hydrological and meteorological processes of a watershed system. Quantifying and understanding hydrological responses to elevated ambient CO2 and climate change is, therefore, critical for formulating adaptive strategies for an appropriate management of water resources. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to assess the effects of increased CO2 concentration and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). The standard SWAT model was modified to represent more mechanistic vegetation type specific responses of stomatal conductance reduction and leaf area increase to elevated CO2 based on physiological studies. For estimating the historical impacts of increased CO2 in the recent past decades, the incremental (i.e., dynamic) rises of CO2 concentration at a monthly time-scale were also introduced into the model. Our study results indicated that about 1-4% of the streamflow in the UMRB during 1986 through 2008 could be attributed to the elevated CO2 concentration. In addition to evaluating a range of future climate sensitivity scenarios, the climate projections by four General Circulation Models (GCMs) under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios were used to predict the hydrological effects in the late twenty-first century (2071-2100). Our simulations demonstrated that the water yield would increase in spring and substantially decrease in summer, while soil moisture would rise in spring and decline in summer. Such an uneven distribution of water with higher variability compared to the baseline level (1961-1990) may cause an increased risk of both flooding and drought events in the basin. C1 [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wu, Yiping; Abdul-Aziz, Omar I.] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov; oaziz@usgs.gov RI li, li/B-7824-2012; Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N]; USGS [08HQCN0007] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (Impact of Rapid Land-Use Change in the Northern Great Plains: Integrated Modeling of Land-Use Patterns, Biophysical Responses, Sustainability, and Economic and Environmental Consequences) NNH07ZDA001N. Work of Y. Wu was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We gratefully acknowledge insightful comments and suggestions from the three anonymous reviewers. NR 65 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3-4 BP 977 EP 1003 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 879QM UT WOS:000299346900025 ER PT J AU Elmore, AJ Guinn, SM Minsley, BJ Richardson, AD AF Elmore, Andrew J. Guinn, Steven M. Minsley, Burke J. Richardson, Andrew D. TI Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest phenology; growing season length; inverse modeling; remote sensing ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF AGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TEMPORAL VARIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; PHENOLOGY; LANDSAT AB The timing of spring leaf development, trajectories of summer leaf area, and the timing of autumn senescence have profound impacts to the water, carbon, and energy balance of ecosystems, and are likely influenced by global climate change. Limited field-based and remote-sensing observations have suggested complex spatial patterns related to geographic features that influence climate. However, much of this variability occurs at spatial scales that inhibit a detailed understanding of even the dominant drivers. Recognizing these limitations, we used nonlinear inverse modeling of medium-resolution remote sensing data, organized by day of year, to explore the influence of climate-related landscape factors on the timing of spring and autumn leaf-area trajectories in mid-Atlantic, USA forests. We also examined the extent to which declining summer greenness (greendown) degrades the precision and accuracy of observations of autumn offset of greenness. Of the dominant drivers of landscape phenology, elevation was the strongest, explaining up to 70% of the spatial variation in the onset of greenness. Urban land cover was second in importance, influencing spring onset and autumn offset to a distance of 32 km from large cities. Distance to tidal water also influenced phenological timing, but only within 5 km of shorelines. Additionally, we observed that (i) growing season length unexpectedly increases with increasing elevation at elevations below 275 m; (ii) along gradients in urban land cover, timing of autumn offset has a stronger effect on growing season length than does timing of spring onset; and (iii) summer greendown introduces bias and uncertainty into observations of the autumn offset of greenness. These results demonstrate the power of medium grain analyses of landscape-scale phenology for understanding environmental controls on growing season length, and predicting how these might be affected by climate change. C1 [Elmore, Andrew J.; Guinn, Steven M.] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Minsley, Burke J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Elmore, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM aelmore@umces.edu RI Elmore, Andrew/D-4341-2012; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; OI Elmore, Andrew/0000-0002-9697-9457; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX We thank Dr Jeremy Fisher for insightful conversations during the early stages of this work, the Northeastern States Research Cooperative for supporting the PhenoCam network, and the National Park Service for contributing imagery from the National Capitol camera to the PhenoCam image archive. This is University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science scientific contribution #4540. NR 92 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 11 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 656 EP 674 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875PB UT WOS:000299042500022 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Grosse, G Hinkel, KM Arp, CD Walker, S Beck, RA Galloway, JP AF Jones, Benjamin M. Grosse, Guido Hinkel, Kenneth M. Arp, Christopher D. Walker, Shane Beck, Richard A. Galloway, John P. TI Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drained lake basin; Ground ice; IfSAR; Periglacial landform; Permafrost; Pingo ID TUKTOYAKTUK-PENINSULA; TOOLIK LAKE; PALSAS; MOUNDS; CANADA; GROWTH; MARS; AREA; GEOMORPHOLOGY; PERMAFROST AB Pingos are circular to elongate ice-cored mounds that form by injection and freezing of pressurized water in near-surface permafrost. Here we use a digital surface model (DSM) derived from an airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) system to assess the distribution and morphometry of pingos within a 40,000 km(2) area on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. We have identified 1247 pingo forms in the study region, ranging in height from 2 to 21 m, with a mean height of 4.6 m. Pingos in this region are of hydrostatic origin, with 98% located within 995 drained lake basins, most of which are underlain by thick eolian sand deposits. The highest pingo density (0.18 km(-2)) occurs where streams have reworked these deposits. Morphometric analyses indicate that most pingos are small to medium in size (<200 m diameter), gently to moderately sloping (<30 degrees), circular to slightly elongate (mean circularity index of 0.88), and of relatively low height (2 to 5 m). However, 57 pingos stand higher than 10 m, 26 have a maximum slope greater than 30 degrees, and 42 are larger than 200 m in diameter. Comparison with a legacy pingo dataset based on 1950s stereo-pair photography indicates that 66 may have partially or completely collapsed over the last half-century. However, we mapped over 400 pingos not identified in the legacy dataset, and identified only three higher than 2 m to have formed between ca. 1955 and ca. 2005, indicating that caution should be taken when comparing contemporary and legacy datasets derived by different techniques. This comprehensive database of pingo location and morphometry based on an IfSAR DSM may prove useful for land and resource managers as well as aid in the identification of pingo-like features on Mars. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.; Beck, Richard A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walker, Shane] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Galloway, John P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; Land Remote Sensing Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management; National Science Foundation [ARC-0713813, BCS-0548846, ARC-0640371, OPP-0732735]; NASA [NNX08AJ37G]; Webster's Flying Service FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program, and Land Remote Sensing Program. Partial support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Science Foundation under grants ARC-0713813 and BCS-0548846 to KMH, ARC-0640371 to RAB, and OPP-0732735 to GG as well as NASA grant NNX08AJ37G to GG. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Science Foundation or NASA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We would particularly like to thank Jim Webster of Webster's Flying Service for all of the help and support in the field over the last several years. We also thank Kenji Yoshikawa for critical discussions on pingo mapping techniques. The manuscript further benefited from the reviews of Thomas D. Hamilton, Christopher Waythomas, Jennifer Jenkins, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 871VY UT WOS:000298767000001 ER PT J AU Garcia, AF Mahan, SA AF Garcia, Antonio F. Mahan, Shannon A. TI The influence of upper-crust lithology on topographic development in the central Coast Ranges of California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Tectonics; Central Coast Ranges of California; Gabilan Range; Santa Lucia Range ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY; SOUTHEAST SPAIN; SINGLE-ALIQUOT; UPLIFT; LUMINESCENCE; DEFORMATION; RATES; WASHINGTON; DEPOSITION AB A fundamental geological tenet is that as landscapes evolve over graded to geologic time, geologic structures control patterns of topographic distribution in mountainous areas such that terrain underlain by competent rock will be higher than terrain underlain by incompetent rock. This paper shows that in active orogens where markedly weak and markedly strong rocks are juxtaposed along contacts that parallel regional structures, relatively high topography can form where strain is localized in the weak rock. Such a relationship is illustrated by the topography of the central Coast Ranges between the Pacific coastline and the San Andreas fault zone (SAFZ), and along the length of the Gabilan Mesa (the "Gabilan Mesa segment" of the central Coast Ranges). Within the Gabilan Mesa segment, the granitic upper crust of the Salinian terrane is in contact with the accretionary-prism melange upper crust of the Nacimiento terrane along the inactive Nacimiento fault zone. A prominent topographic lineament is present along most of this lithologic boundary, approximately 50 to 65 km southwest of the SAFZ, with the higher topography formed in the m lange on the southwest side of the Nacimiento fault. This paper investigates factors influencing the pattern of topographic development in the Gabilan Mesa segment of the central Coast Ranges by correlating shortening magnitude with the upper-crust compositions of the Salinian and Nacimiento terranes. The fluvial geomorphology of two valleys in the Gabilan Mesa, which is within the Salinian terrane, and alluvial geochronology based on optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimates, reveal that the magnitude of shortening accommodated by down-to-the-southwest tilting of the mesa since 400 ka is less than 1 to 2 m. Our results, combined with those of previous studies, indicate that at least 63% to 78% of late-Cenozoic, northeast-southwest directed, upper-crustal shortening across the Gabilan Mesa segment has been accommodated within the Nacimiento terrane. This is significant because perpendicular to orogenic strike the Nacimiento terrane constitutes less than (1)/(4) of the distance between the coast and the SAFZ, and the other (3)/(4) (or greater) of the distance between the coast and the SAFZ is underlain by the granitic upper crust of the Salinian terrane. We propose that strain and mountain building are localized within the Nacimiento terrane because it consists predominantly of the relatively weak Franciscan Complex m lange, and because the upper crust of the Salinian terrane is composed of relatively strong granitic rocks. Our hypothesis is supported by the distribution of post-seismic surface uplift associated with the 2003, 6.5 M-w San Simeon earthquake, which mimics the topography of the southwestern part of the Gabilan Mesa segment of the central Coast Ranges. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, Antonio F.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Garcia, AF (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM afgarcia@calpoly.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU Rossi family; California Polytechnic State University college FX Special thanks to the Rossi family for support in the field and for providing lodging during field work, which made field mapping possible. Additional special thanks to Nathan Onderdonk for graciously generating the DEM hillshade of the central Coast Ranges, and for making other significant contributions to this paper. Thanks to Scott Johnston for comments and ideas, and for suggestions that greatly improved an early version of this manuscript. A review of a previous version of the manuscript by Emily Taylor greatly improved this paper. The work of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. The authors would like to thank Andrew Plater for excellent editorial work. The idea to assess rock uplift rates within the Gabilan Mesa relative to Salinas River, in the context of the geochronology of Page et al. (1998), originated from comments made by Jonathan Stock. Thanks to Kathryn Hanson for sharing ideas about surface uplift of the central Coast Ranges. Glen "Ted" Strauser helped with terrain measurements and sediment-sample collecting. Larry Balthaser provided out of print geologic maps that are critical to this study. Thanks also to Jane Wooster for providing access to southeastern Peach-tree Valley. The Mee Ranch and the Whitney family kindly provided access to northwestern Peachtree Valley. Research was funded by the California Polytechnic State University college-based fee. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 243 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.09.009 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 871VY UT WOS:000298767000021 ER PT J AU Homer, CG Aldridge, CL Meyer, DK Schell, SJ AF Homer, Collin G. Aldridge, Cameron L. Meyer, Debra K. Schell, Spencer J. TI Multi-scale remote sensing sagebrush characterization with regression trees over Wyoming, USA: Laying a foundation for monitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Sagebrush; Wyoming; Regression tree classification; Rangeland remote sensing; Monitoring ID SAGE-GROUSE; RANGELAND MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSAT; BASIN; IMAGERY; AREA AB Sagebrush ecosystems in North America have experienced extensive degradation since European settlement. Further degradation continues from exotic invasive plants, altered fire frequency, intensive grazing practices, oil and gas development, and climate change - adding urgency to the need for ecosystem-wide understanding. Remote sensing is often identified as a key information source to facilitate ecosystem-wide characterization, monitoring, and analysis; however, approaches that characterize sagebrush with sufficient and accurate local detail across large enough areas to support this paradigm are unavailable. We describe the development of a new remote sensing sagebrush characterization approach for the state of Wyoming, U.S.A. This approach integrates 2.4 m QuickBird, 30 m Landsat TM, and 56 m AWiFS imagery into the characterization of four primary continuous field components including percent bare ground, percent herbaceous cover, percent litter, and percent shrub, and four secondary components including percent sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), percent big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), percent Wyoming sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Wyomingensis), and shrub height using a regression tree. According to an independent accuracy assessment, primary component root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 4.90 to 10.16 for 2.4 m QuickBird, 6.01 to 15.54 for 30 m Landsat, and 6.97 to 16.14 for 56 m AWiFS. Shrub and herbaceous components outperformed the current data standard called LANDFIRE, with a shrub RMSE value of 6.04 versus 12.64 and a herbaceous component RMSE value of 12.89 versus 14.63. This approach offers new advancements in sagebrush characterization from remote sensing and provides a foundation to quantitatively monitor these components into the future. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Homer, Collin G.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Homer, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM homer@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU USGS [G10PC00044]; United States Geological Survey; United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) FX Work performed under USGS contract G10PC00044.; We thank G. Fox, A. Krcmarik, C. Mahony, K. Moon, R. Pearce, T. Perfors, S. Rehme, J. Severson, and G. Wann, for their tireless work collecting field data, and D. Neubaum and D. Keck for their coordination of field crews. We also thank the United States Geological Survey and the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) who supported this project financially. Specifically, we acknowledge E.T. Rinkes, R. Vigil, K. Henke, and D. Simpson for their support and interest in this research. We also thank T. Loveland, B. Wylie, G. Xian and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful review of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2011.09.012 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 871AB UT WOS:000298708900022 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Handel, CM Blake, JE Swor, RM O'Hara, TM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Handel, Colleen M. Blake, John E. Swor, Rhonda M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Microanatomy of passerine hard-cornified tissues: Beak and claw structure of the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian; beak; Black-capped Chickadee; claw; Poecile atricapillus; passerine; rhamphotheca ID ACHROMATIC PLUMAGE REFLECTANCE; BILL TIP ORGAN; PREY-DETECTION; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; TOUCAN BEAK; BIRDS; MORPHOLOGY; MECHANISM; PATHOLOGY; FINCHES AB The microanatomy of healthy beaks and claws in passerine birds has not been well described in the literature, despite the importance of these structures in avian life. Histological processing of hard-cornified tissues is notoriously challenging and only a few reports on effective techniques have been published. An emerging epizootic of beak deformities among wild birds in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest region of North America recently highlighted the need for additional baseline information about avian hard-cornified structures. In this study, we examine the beak and claw of the Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), a common North American passerine that is affected by what has been described as avian keratin disorder. We use light and scanning electron microscopy and high-magnification radiography to document the healthy microanatomy of these tissues and identify features of functional importance. We also describe detailed methods for histological processing of avian hard-cornified structures and discuss the utility of special stains. Results from this study will assist in future research on the functional anatomy and pathology of hard-cornified structures and will provide a necessary reference for ongoing investigations of avian keratin disorder in Black-capped Chickadees and other wild passerine species. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Blake, John E.; Swor, Rhonda M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, UAF Vet Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; University of Alaska Foundation; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466] FX Contract grant sponsor: US Geological Survey; Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Contract grant sponsor: University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Grant; Contract grant sponsor: National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); Contract Grant number: 5P20RR016466. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 273 IS 2 BP 226 EP 240 DI 10.1002/jmor.11023 PG 15 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 875PP UT WOS:000299044300008 PM 22020831 ER PT J AU Hwang, Y Clark, M Rajagopalan, B Leavesley, G AF Hwang, Yeonsang Clark, Martyn Rajagopalan, Balaji Leavesley, George TI Spatial interpolation schemes of daily precipitation for hydrologic modeling SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Interpolation; Local polynomial; Regression; Hydrologic; Modeling; Daily precipitation ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL FIELDS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; EXTREME RAINFALL; AIR-TEMPERATURE; RIVER-BASIN; RUNOFF; VARIABILITY AB Distributed hydrologic models typically require spatial estimates of precipitation interpolated from sparsely located observational points to the specific grid points. We compare and contrast the performance of regression-based statistical methods for the spatial estimation of precipitation in two hydrologically different basins and confirmed that widely used regression-based estimation schemes fail to describe the realistic spatial variability of daily precipitation field. The methods assessed are: (1) inverse distance weighted average; (2) multiple linear regression (MLR); (3) climatological MLR; and (4) locally weighted polynomial regression (LWP). In order to improve the performance of the interpolations, the authors propose a two-step regression technique for effective daily precipitation estimation. In this simple two-step estimation process, precipitation occurrence is first generated via a logistic regression model before estimate the amount of precipitation separately on wet days. This process generated the precipitation occurrence, amount, and spatial correlation effectively. A distributed hydrologic model (PRMS) was used for the impact analysis in daily time step simulation. Multiple simulations suggested noticeable differences between the input alternatives generated by three different interpolation schemes. Differences are shown in overall simulation error against the observations, degree of explained variability, and seasonal volumes. Simulated streamflows also showed different characteristics in mean, maximum, minimum, and peak flows. Given the same parameter optimization technique, LWP input showed least streamflow error in Alapaha basin and CMLR input showed least error (still very close to LWP) in Animas basin. All of the two-step interpolation inputs resulted in lower streamflow error compared to the directly interpolated inputs. C1 [Hwang, Yeonsang] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Engn, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Clark, Martyn] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Leavesley, George] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hwang, Y (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Coll Engn, POB 1740, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM yeonsang.hwang@astate.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 FU NOAA GAPP [NA16GP2806, NA17RJ1229] FX Partial support of this work by NOAA GAPP program (Award NA16GP2806) and the NOAA RISA Program (Award NA17RJ1229) is thankfully acknowledged. The authors also wish to thank Lauren Hay and Steve Markstrom at USGS Denver office, and Subhrendu Gangopadhyay at Hydrosphere for providing valuable comments and data that greatly enhanced the quality of the entire analysis. NR 85 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 295 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00477-011-0509-1 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 876PQ UT WOS:000299120200010 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Rand, PS Fukushima, M Zolotukhin, SF AF Zimmerman, Christian E. Rand, Peter S. Fukushima, Michio Zolotukhin, Sergei F. TI Migration of Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi): evidence of freshwater resident life history types SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Sakhalin taimen; Otolith; Anadromy; Fluvial ID HUCHO-PERRYI; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; SR/CA RATIOS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; JAPAN; DISTINGUISH; SALINITY; HOKKAIDO; PROGENY; SEA AB Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi) range from the Russian Far East mainland along the Sea of Japan coast, and Sakhalin, Kuril, and Hokkaido Islands and are considered to primarily be an anadromous species. We used otolith strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) to determine the chronology of migration between freshwater and saltwater and identify migratory contingents of taimen collected from the Koppi River, Russia. In addition, we examined taimen from the Sarufutsu River, Japan and Tumnin River, Russia that were captured in marine waters. Transects of otolith Sr/Ca for the Sarufutsu River fish were consistent with patterns observed in anadromous salmonids. Two fish from the Tumnin River appeared to be recent migrants to saltwater and one fish was characterized by an otolith Sr/Ca transect consistent with marine migration. Using these transects as benchmarks, all Koppi River taimen were classified as freshwater residents. These findings suggest more work is needed to assess life history variability among locations and the role of freshwater productivity in controlling migratory behavior in taimen. C1 [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rand, Peter S.] Wild Salmon Ctr, Portland, OR 97209 USA. [Fukushima, Michio] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Zolotukhin, Sergei F.] TINRO Ctr, Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk 680028, Russia. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU National Geographic Society; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Forest Bureau of the Taiwan Council of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey FX Robert Oscarson, lab manager of the USGS Electron Microprobe Laboratory, Menlo Park, California assisted with microchemical analysis of otoliths. Discussions with John Seigle concerning determination of migratory behavior based on otolith microchemistry helped to improve the study. Funding was provided by the National Geographic Society, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, and the Forest Bureau of the Taiwan Council of Agriculture. Funding for otolith analyses was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Comments from Gordon Reeves, Robert Gresswell, and Kentaro Morita on earlier versions of this manuscript were very helpful. In addition, we thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that further improved this manuscript. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9908-x PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 872JZ UT WOS:000298807000007 ER PT J AU Clemens, BJ Mesa, MG Magie, RJ Young, DA Schreck, CB AF Clemens, Benjamin J. Mesa, Matthew G. Magie, Robert J. Young, Douglas A. Schreck, Carl B. TI Pre-spawning migration of adult Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, in the Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A. SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Migration; Ecology; Primitive fish; Behavior; Temperature; Flow ID CONSERVATION STATUS; BEHAVIOR; WATER AB We describe the migration distances and timing of the adult Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, in the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, U.S.A.). We conducted aerial surveys to track radio-tagged fish upstream of a major waterfall and hydropower complex en route to spawning areas. We detected 24 out of the 43 fish that passed the waterfall-hydropower complex. Of the detected fish, 17 were detected multiple times. Their maximum migration distance upstream in the mainstem Willamette approximated a normal distribution. The maximum distance migrated upstream did not significantly correlate with total body length (r = -0.186, P = 0.385) or date that the fish passed Willamette Falls (r = -0.118, P = 0.582). Fish migrated primarily during the spring to early summer period before stopping during the summer, when peak river temperatures (a parts per thousand yen20A degrees C). However, at least three fish continued to migrate upstream after September. Behavior ranged from relatively slow migration, followed by holding; to rapid migration, followed by slow migration further up in the basin. This study provides a basis for informing more detailed research on Pacific lamprey in the future. C1 [Clemens, Benjamin J.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mesa, Matthew G.; Magie, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Young, Douglas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Ben.Clemens@oregonstate.edu FU Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon State University FX This project was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation. We are grateful to personnel from the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for suggesting the idea for this project and providing assistance with tracking. D. Hatch, D. Ward, C. Robinson, and J. Brunzell provided helpful recommendations on tracking. H. Li assisted with administrative oversight. Oregon State University, U. S. Geological Survey, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service also provided assistance with tracking. Y. Di provided statistical consultation. S. Sower, D. Noakes and D. Markle provided helpful comments on an early draft of this paper. Thanks to R. Lampman for making Fig. 1. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is funded jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Oregon State University. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 2 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9910-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 872JZ UT WOS:000298807000009 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Manning, JP Link, JS Gilbert, JR Gilbert, AT O'Connell, AF AF Friedland, K. D. Manning, J. P. Link, J. S. Gilbert, J. R. Gilbert, A. T. O'Connell, A. F., Jr. TI Variation in wind and piscivorous predator fields affecting the survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the Gulf of Maine SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; migration; post-smolt survival; predation; recruitment; temperature ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; MARINE SURVIVAL; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; FISH COMMUNITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Observations relevant to the North American stock complex of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., suggest that marine mortality is influenced by variation in predation pressure affecting post-smolts during the first months at sea. This hypothesis was tested for Gulf of Maine (GOM) stocks by examining wind pseudostress and the distribution of piscivorous predator fields potentially affecting post-smolts. Marine survival has declined over recent decades with a change in the direction of spring winds, which is likely extending the migration of post-smolts by favouring routes using the western GOM. In addition to changes in spring wind patterns, higher spring sea surface temperatures have been associated with shifting distributions of a range of fish species. The abundance of several pelagic piscivores, which based on their feeding habits may predate on salmon post-smolts, has increased in the areas that serve as migration corridors for post-smolts. In particular, populations of silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchell), red hake, Urophycis chuss (Walbaum), and spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias L., increased in size in the portion of the GOM used by post-smolts. Climate variation and shifting predator distributions in the GOM are consistent with the predator hypothesis of recruitment control suggested for the stock complex. C1 [Friedland, K. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Manning, J. P.; Link, J. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gilbert, J. R.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Gilbert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME USA. [O'Connell, A. F., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00814.x PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 871JA UT WOS:000298732900003 ER PT J AU Brenkman, SJ Duda, JJ Torgersen, CE Welty, E Pess, GR Peters, R Mchenry, ML AF Brenkman, S. J. Duda, J. J. Torgersen, C. E. Welty, E. Pess, G. R. Peters, R. Mchenry, M. L. TI A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dam removal; recolonisation; riverscape; salmonid; snorkel survey ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CHINOOK SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BULL TROUT; CHANNEL HYDRAULICS; BASE-LINE; FISH; STREAM; STEELHEAD AB Dam removal has been increasingly proposed as a river restoration technique. In 2011, two large hydroelectric dams will be removed from Washington States Elwha River. Ten anadromous fish populations are expected to recolonise historical habitats after dam removal. A key to understanding watershed recolonisation is the collection of spatially continuous information on fish and aquatic habitats. A riverscape approach with an emphasis on biological data has rarely been applied in mid-sized, wilderness rivers, particularly in consecutive years prior to dam removal. Concurrent snorkel and habitat surveys were conducted from the headwaters to the mouth (rkm 650) of the Elwha River in 2007 and 2008. This riverscape approach characterised the spatial extent, assemblage structure and patterns of relative density of Pacific salmonids. The presence of dams influenced the longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages, and species richness was the highest downstream of the dams, where anadromous salmonids still have access. The percent composition of salmonids was similar in both years for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii (Richardson) (89%; 88%), Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (8%; 9%), and bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley) (3% in both years). Spatial patterns of abundance for rainbow and cutthroat trout (r = 0.76) and bull trout (r = 0.70) were also consistent between years. Multivariate and univariate methods detected differences in habitat structure along the river profile caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The riverscape view highlighted species-specific biological hotspots and revealed that 6069% of federally threatened bull trout occurred near or below the dams. Spatially continuous surveys will be vital in evaluating the effectiveness of upcoming dam removal projects at restoring anadromous salmonids. C1 [Brenkman, S. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Duda, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Torgersen, C. E.; Welty, E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pess, G. R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Peters, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA USA. [Mchenry, M. L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA USA. RP Brenkman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM sam_brenkman@nps.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU Olympic National Park; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Special thanks to M. Beirne, S. Corbett, P. Crain, J. Dunham, M. Elofson, J. Ganzhorn, C. Glenney, M. Groce, M. Hanks, B. Hoffman, H. Hugunin, P. Kennedy, D. Lantz, T. Leavy, S. Neil, S. Samson, D. Shreffler, I. Smith, J. Starr and L. Ward for field assistance. B. Baccus, L. Baysinger, C. Hawkins Hoffman, R. Hoffman and R. Reisenbichler provided logistical support. Funding was provided by Olympic National Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey. We thank T. Bennett, J. Ganzhorn, P. Roni and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade names is for convenience of the reader and does not constitute endorsement by the US government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 76 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 12 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 36 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 871JA UT WOS:000298732900004 ER PT J AU Huang, RJ Song, WZ Xu, MS Peterson, N Shirazi, BA LaHusen, R AF Huang, Renjie Song, Wen-Zhan Xu, Mingsen Peterson, Nina Shirazi, Behrooz A. LaHusen, Richard TI Real-World Sensor Network for Long-Term Volcano Monitoring: Design and Findings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Real-world sensor network; volcano monitoring; system design; field deployment; evaluation and findings AB This paper presents the design, deployment, and evaluation of a real-world sensor network system in an active volcano-Mount St. Helens. In volcano monitoring, the maintenance is extremely hard and system robustness is one of the biggest concerns. However, most system research to date has focused more on performance improvement and less on system robustness. In our system design, to address this challenge, automatic fault detection and recovery mechanisms were designed to autonomously roll the system back to the initial state if exceptions occur. To enable remote management, we designed a configurable sensing and flexible remote command and control mechanism with the support of a reliable dissemination protocol. To maximize data quality, we designed event detection algorithms to identify volcanic events and prioritize the data, and then deliver higher priority data with higher delivery ratio with an adaptive data transmission protocol. Also, a light-weight adaptive linear predictive compression algorithm and localized TDMA MAC protocol were designed to improve network throughput. With these techniques and other improvements on intelligence and robustness based on a previous trial deployment, we air-dropped 13 stations into the crater and around the flanks of Mount St. Helens in July 2009. During the deployment, the nodes autonomously discovered each other even in-the-sky and formed a smart mesh network for data delivery immediately. We conducted rigorous system evaluations and discovered many interesting findings on data quality, radio connectivity, network performance, as well as the influence of environmental factors. C1 [Huang, Renjie] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Song, Wen-Zhan; Xu, Mingsen] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Peterson, Nina] Lewis Clark State Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Shirazi, Behrooz A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, EME 102F, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [LaHusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Huang, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 12314 33rd Ave NE APT C, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM renjie_huang@wsu.edu; wsong@gsu.edu; mxu4@student.gsu.edu; nmpeterson@lcsc.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov FU US National Science Foundation [(NSF)-CNS-0914371, (NSF)-CNS-0953067]; [NASA-ESTO-NNX06AE42G] FX Our research is partially supported by NASA-ESTO-NNX06AE42G, US National Science Foundation (NSF)-CNS-0914371, US National Science Foundation (NSF)-CNS-0953067. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2011.170 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 866LB UT WOS:000298381100015 ER PT J AU Mcfarland, TM Van Riper, C Johnson, GE AF Mcfarland, T. M. Van Riper, C., III Johnson, G. E. TI Evaluation of NDVI to assess avian abundance and richness along the upper San Pedro River SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Avian habitat; Arizona; NDVI model; Remote-sensing; Riparian vegetation; San Pedro river ID SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW FLYCATCHER; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; UNITED-STATES; SPECIES RICHNESS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; MIGRATING BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; RESTORATION AB Remote-sensing models have become increasingly popular for identifying, characterizing, monitoring, and predicting avian habitat but have largely focused on single bird species. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been shown to positively correlate with avian abundance and richness and has been successfully applied to southwestern riparian systems which are uniquely composed of narrow bands of vegetation in an otherwise dry landscape. Desert riparian ecosystems are important breeding and stopover sites for many bird species but have been degraded due to altered hydrology and land management practices. Here we investigated the use of NDVI, coupled with vegetation, to model the avian community structure along the San Pedro River, Arizona. We also investigated how vegetation and physical features measured locally compared to those data that can be gathered through remote-sensing. We found that NDVI has statistically significant relationships with both avian abundance and species richness, although is better applied at the individual species level. However, the amount of variation explained by even our best models was quite low, suggesting that NDVI habitat models may not presently be an accurate tool for extensive modeling of avian communities. We suggest additional studies in other watersheds to increase our understanding of these bird/NDVI relationships. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mcfarland, T. M.; Johnson, G. E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mcfarland, T. M.; Van Riper, C., III; Johnson, G. E.] Univ Arizona, USGS SBSC Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mcfarland, TM (reprint author), TAMU, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, 1500 Res Pkwy,Suite 110,2260, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tmmcfarland@ag.tamu.edu FU United States Geological Survey through the Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station; T E, Inc.; Sonoran Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Arizona FX This project was funded by the United States Geological Survey through the Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station, with additional support from T & E, Inc., and the Sonoran Joint Venture. We also received logistical support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the University of Arizona. James R. Hatten provided technical and image processing support. We thank The Nature Conservancy, The Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for access to their property and for field support, and The Nature Conservancy and Gray Hawk Nature Center provided housing. We would also like to thank Dan Anderson and our many technicians for their help in the field and Pamela Nagler for reviewing this paper. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 77 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.09.010 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862XF UT WOS:000298126700007 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Mather, ME AF Smith, Joseph M. Mather, Martha E. TI Using assemblage data in ecological indicators: A comparison and evaluation of commonly available statistical tools SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Fish assemblage; Fish community; Logistic regression; Detrended correspondence analysis; Cluster analysis; Multidimensional scaling ID DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; STREAMS; RIVERS; GUILDS; COMMUNITIES; INTEGRITY AB Ecological indicators are science-based tools used to assess how human activities have impacted environmental resources. For monitoring and environmental assessment, existing species assemblage data can be used to make these comparisons through time or across sites. An impediment to using assemblage data, however, is that these data are complex and need to be simplified in an ecologically meaningful way. Because multivariate statistics are mathematical relationships, statistical groupings may not make ecological sense and will not have utility as indicators. Our goal was to define a process to select defensible and ecologically interpretable statistical simplifications of assemblage data in which researchers and managers can have confidence. For this, we chose a suite of statistical methods, compared the groupings that resulted from these analyses, identified convergence among groupings, then we interpreted the groupings using species and ecological guilds. When we tested this approach using a statewide stream fish dataset, not all statistical methods worked equally well. For our dataset, logistic regression (Log), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), cluster analysis (CL), and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) provided consistent, simplified output. Specifically, the Log, DCA, CL-1, and NMDS-1 groupings were >= 60% similar to each other, overlapped with the fluvial-specialist ecological guild, and contained a common subset of species. Groupings based on number of species (e.g., Log, DCA, CL and NMDS) outperformed groupings based on abundance [e.g., principal components analysis (PCA) and Poisson regression]. Although the specific methods that worked on our test dataset have generality, here we are advocating a process (e.g., identifying convergent groupings with redundant species composition that are ecologically interpretable) rather than the automatic use of any single statistical tool. We summarize this process in step-by-step guidance for the future use of these commonly available ecological and statistical methods in preparing assemblage data for use in ecological indicators. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Joseph M.; Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jsmith@eco.umass.edu; mather@eco.umass.edu FU USGS SPP; Nature Conservancy; University of Massachusetts, Amherst FX The Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is a cooperation among the University of Massachusetts, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Use of brand names does not confer endorsement by the U.S. government. This project was funded through the USGS SPP program, the Nature Conservancy, and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. The sponsors were not involved in the analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The 2005-2008 Fish-Flow Collaboration Group (University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Massachusetts Riverways, U.S. Geological Survey-Water Resources, The Nature Conservancy) contributed fish, flow, and GIS data sets, as well as, much grist for the discussion mill. The Plum Island LTER (OCE 9726921) generously providing lodging. R. Zwick, J. Finn, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.009 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835NG UT WOS:000296042500028 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Rohweder, JJ AF De Jager, Nathan R. Rohweder, Jason J. TI Spatial patterns of aquatic habitat richness in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Aquatic habitat richness; Floodplain river; Fractal; Habitat connectivity; River restoration; Secondary channel ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN; SPECIES RICHNESS; SELF-SIMILARITY; MAIN-CHANNEL; CONNECTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Interactions among hydrology and geomorphology create shifting mosaics of aquatic habitat patches in large river floodplains (e.g., main and side channels, floodplain lakes, and shallow backwater areas) and the connectivity among these habitat patches underpins high levels of biotic diversity and productivity. However, the diversity and connectivity among the habitats of most floodplain rivers have been negatively impacted by hydrologic and structural modifications that support commercial navigation and control flooding. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the rate of increase in patch richness (# of types) with increasing scale reflects anthropogenic modifications to habitat diversity and connectivity in a large floodplain river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). To do this, we calculated the number of aquatic habitat patch types within neighborhoods surrounding each of the approximate to 19 million 5-m aquatic pixels of the UMR for multiple neighborhood sizes (1-100 ha). For all of the 87 river-reach focal areas we examined, changes in habitat richness (R) with increasing neighborhood length (L, # pixels) were characterized by a fractal-like power function R = L-2 (R-2 > 0.92 (P < 0.05)). The scaling exponent (z) measures the rate of increase in habitat richness with neighborhood size and is related to a fractal dimension. Variation in z reflected fundamental changes to spatial patterns of aquatic habitat richness in this river system. With only a few exceptions, z exceeded the river-wide average of 0.18 in focal areas where side channels, contiguous floodplain lakes, and contiguous shallow-water areas exceeded 5%, 5%, and 10% of the floodplain respectively. In contrast, z was always less than 0.18 for focal areas where impounded water exceeded 40% of floodplain area. Our results suggest that rehabilitation efforts that target areas with <5% of the floodplain in side channels, <5% in floodplain lakes, and/or <10% in shallow-water areas could improve habitat diversity across multiple scales in the UMR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU Long Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' FX Funding for this research was provided by the Long Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program. The support of this partnership is greatly appreciated. We thank Jim Wickham, J.C. Nelson, Barry Johnson, Brent Knights, and Karen Hagerty for helpful comments on early versions of this manuscript and Kurt Riitters for a helpful discussion regarding the work. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.Government. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835NG UT WOS:000296042500030 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TJ Cosby, BJ Driscoll, CT McDonnell, TC Herlihy, AT Burns, DA AF Sullivan, T. J. Cosby, B. J. Driscoll, C. T. McDonnell, T. C. Herlihy, A. T. Burns, D. A. TI Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER ACIDIFICATION; SHENANDOAH NATIONAL-PARK; STREAM ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; MAGIC MODEL; BASE CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; LAKES; RECONSTRUCTIONS; CATCHMENTS AB The dynamic watershed acid-base chemistry model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC) was used to calculate target loads (TLs) of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition expected to be protective of aquatic health in lakes in the Adirondack ecoregion of New York. The TLs were calculated for two future dates (2050 and 2100) and three levels of protection against lake acidification (acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of 0, 20, and 50 mu eq L-1). Regional sulfur and nitrogen deposition estimates were combined with TLs to calculate exceedances. Target load results, and associated exceedances, were extrapolated to the regional population of Adirondack lakes. About 30% of Adirondack lakes had simulated TL of sulfur deposition less than 50 meq m(-2) yr to protect lake ANC to 50 mu eq L-1. About 600 Adirondack lakes receive ambient sulfur deposition that is above this TL, in some cases by more than a factor of 2. Some critical criteria threshold values were simulated to be unobtainable in some lakes even if sulfur deposition was to be decreased to zero and held at zero until the specified endpoint year. We also summarize important lessons for the use of target loads in the management of acid-impacted aquatic ecosystems, such as those in North America, Europe, and Asia. C1 [Sullivan, T. J.; McDonnell, T. C.] E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Cosby, B. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Driscoll, C. T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Herlihy, A. T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burns, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Sullivan, TJ (reprint author), E&S Environm Chem Inc, POB 609, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM tim.sullivan@esenvironmental.com RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU NY State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) [10567] FX This research was supported by a contract from the NY State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) to E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. (agreement 10567). Wet and dry deposition estimates were provided by J. Grimm and R. Dennis, respectively. Project management support was provided by G. Lampman. Technical assistance was provided by D. Moore, J. Charles, S. Mackey, and T. McPherson. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W01547 DI 10.1029/2011WR011171 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 888NB UT WOS:000300009400003 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Shanley, JB Campbell, JL Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW Likens, GE Wemple, BC Fredriksen, G Jamison, AE AF Ross, Donald S. Shanley, James B. Campbell, John L. Lawrence, Gregory B. Bailey, Scott W. Likens, Gene E. Wemple, Beverley C. Fredriksen, Guinevere Jamison, Austin E. TI Spatial patterns of soil nitrification and nitrate export from forested headwaters in the northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION; NITROGEN EXPORT; BRUSH-BROOK; NET NITRIFICATION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; GYPSY-MOTH; ICE STORM; BASE-POOR; WATERSHEDS AB Nitrogen export from small forested watersheds is known to be affected by N deposition but with high regional variability. We studied 10 headwater catchments in the northeastern United States across a gradient of N deposition (5.4 - 9.4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) to determine if soil nitrification rates could explain differences in stream water NO3- export. Average annual export of two years (October 2002 through September 2004) varied from 0.1 kg NO3--N ha(-1) yr(-1) at Cone Pond watershed in New Hampshire to 5.1 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) at Buck Creek South in the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. Potential net nitrification rates and relative nitrification (fraction of inorganic N as NO3-) were measured in Oa or A soil horizons at 21-130 sampling points throughout each watershed. Stream NO3- export was positively related to nitrification rates (r(2) = 0.34, p = 0.04) and the relative nitrification (r(2) = 0.37, p = 0.04). These relationships were much improved by restricting consideration to the 6 watersheds with a higher number of rate measurements (59-130) taken in transects parallel to the streams (r(2) of 0.84 and 0.70 for the nitrification rate and relative nitrification, respectively). Potential nitrification rates were also a better predictor of NO3- export when data were limited to either the 6 sampling points closest to the watershed outlet (r(2) = 0.75) or sampling points <250 m from the watershed outlet (r(2) = 0.68). The basal area of conifer species at the sampling plots was negatively related to NO3- export. These spatial relationships found here suggest a strong influence of near-stream and near-watershed-outlet soils on measured stream NO3- export. C1 [Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Carey Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Wemple, Beverley C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Fredriksen, Guinevere] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jamison, Austin E.] Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage, Blue Ridge Div, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU New York Energy Research and Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center; National Science Foundation; USGS; Northern States Research Cooperative (USDA) [02CA11242343110]; USDA [VT-PS-00912] FX We thank Danielle Haddad of the University of New Hampshire for providing N deposition values from an updated, unpublished version of ClimCalc. We also thank site cooperators at each watershed including the Vermont Department of Forest, Parks and Recreation for permission to sample at Brush Brook and the Green Mountain National Forest for permission to sample in the Lye Brook area watershed. This stream sampling site was maintained by the generous support of Nancy Burt, Kathy Donna, and Hal Bell of the USDA Forest Service. Installation and maintenance of automated sampling equipment at a number of the watersheds were performed by either Jon Denner or Tom Suleski, both of the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for Buck Creek is provided by the New York Energy Research and Development Authority and the U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center. Support for the Buck Creek field operations is provided by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Ray Brook, NY. We also thank Don Buso at HBEF for assistance with field sampling and data management. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Sleepers River is supported by the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program. Statistical consultation and analyses were provided by Alan Howard, IT Specialist, UVM Statistical Software Support and Consulting Services. This work was supported by the Northern States Research Cooperative (USDA award 02CA11242343110) and USDA Hatch funds (VT-PS-00912). NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01009 DI 10.1029/2011JG001740 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 887WE UT WOS:000299961500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, YS Collins, AL Horowitz, AJ AF Zhang, Y. S. Collins, A. L. Horowitz, A. J. TI A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE sediment sources; fingerprinting; uncertainty; Monte Carlo; routine water quality sampling ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHANNEL BED; CATCHMENTS; UK; PARTICULATE; TRANSPORT; TRACERS; PROVENANCE; AUSTRALIA AB Reliable information on catchment scale suspended sediment sources is required to inform the design of management strategies for helping abate the numerous environmental issues associated with enhanced sediment mobilization and off-site loadings. Since sediment fingerprinting techniques avoid many of the logistical constraints associated with using more traditional indirect measurement methods at catchment scale, such approaches have been increasingly reported in the international literature and typically use data sets collected specifically for sediment source apportionment purposes. There remains scope for investigating the potential for using geochemical data sets assembled by routine monitoring programmes to fingerprint sediment provenance. In the United States, routine water quality samples are collected as part of the US Geological Survey's revised National Stream Quality Accounting Network programme. Accordingly, the geochemistry data generated from these samples over a 10-year period (1996-2006) were used as the basis for a fingerprinting exercise to assess the key tributary sub-catchment spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment transported by the Ohio River. Uncertainty associated with the spatial source estimates was quantified using a Monte Carlo approach in conjunction with mass balance modelling. Relative frequency weighted means were used as an alternative way of summarizing the spatial source contributions, thereby avoiding the need to use confidence limits. The results should be interpreted in the context of the routine, but infrequent nature, of the suspended sediment samples used to assemble geochemistry as a basis for the sourcing exercise. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates how routine monitoring samples can be used to provide some preliminary information on sediment provenance in large drainage basins. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Y. S.; Collins, A. L.] Agr Dev & Advisory Serv, Soils Crops & Water, Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ, W Midlands, England. [Horowitz, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Zhang, YS (reprint author), Agr Dev & Advisory Serv, Soils Crops & Water, Wergs Rd, Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ, W Midlands, England. EM yusheng.zhang@adas.co.uk NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1002/hyp.8128 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 879ZJ UT WOS:000299373000002 ER PT J AU Lowenstern, JB Bergfeld, D Evans, WC Hurwitz, S AF Lowenstern, J. B. Bergfeld, D. Evans, W. C. Hurwitz, S. TI Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE chlorine; flux; geothermal; noble gas ID NATIONAL-PARK; VOLCANIC SYSTEM; THERMAL WATERS; GAS EQUILIBRIA; CO2 EMISSIONS; USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; DILUTION; FLUX AB We sampled fumaroles and hot springs from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin (HLGB), measured water and gas discharge, and estimated heat and mass flux from this geothermal area in 2009. The combined data set reveals that diverse fluids share an origin by mixing of deep solute-rich parent water with dilute heated meteoric water, accompanied by subsequent boiling. A variety of chemical and isotopic geothermometers are consistent with a parent water that equilibrates with rocks at 205 degrees C +/- 10 degrees C and then undergoes 21% +/- 2% adiabatic boiling. Measured diffuse CO2 flux and fumarole compositions are consistent with an initial dissolved CO2 concentration of 21 +/- 7 mmol upon arrival at the caldera boundary and prior to southeast flow, boiling, and discharge along the Witch Creek drainage. The calculated advective flow from the basin is 78 +/- 16 L s(-1) of parent thermal water, corresponding to 68 +/- 14 MW, or similar to 1% of the estimated thermal flux from Yellowstone. Helium and carbon isotopes reveal minor addition of locally derived crustal, biogenic, and meteoric gases as this fluid boils and degasses, reducing the He isotope ratio (Rc/Ra) from 2.91 to 1.09. The HLGB is one of the few thermal areas at Yellowstone that approaches a closed system, where a series of progressively boiled waters can be sampled along with related steam and noncondensable gas. At other Yellowstone locations, steam and gas are found without associated neutral Cl waters (e. g., Hot Spring Basin) or Cl-rich waters emerge without significant associated steam and gas (Upper Geyser Basin). C1 [Lowenstern, J. B.; Bergfeld, D.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Evans, W. C.; Hurwitz, S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lowenstern, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlwnstrn@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU USGS FX Isotopic and chemical analyses were carried out in several USGS laboratories. We thank W. C. Pat Shanks (delta D and delta18O), Kinga Revesz and Tyler Coplen (delta13C), Andy Hunt (3He/4He), and Mark Huebner (anions in water). We appreciate helpful reviews by E. Shock, B. McCleskey, and L. Shevenell. The USGS Volcano Hazards Program funded this work. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN 28 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q01017 DI 10.1029/2011GC003835 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 884IN UT WOS:000299698200001 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Sherfy, MH Wiltermuth, MT AF Anteau, Michael J. Sherfy, Mark H. Wiltermuth, Mark T. TI Selection Indicates Preference in Diverse Habitats: A Ground-Nesting Bird (Charadrius melodus) Using Reservoir Shoreline SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PIPING PLOVER; SITE SELECTION; SPRING MIGRATION; UPPER-MIDWEST; NORTH-DAKOTA; LESSER SCAUP; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; TRAPS AB Animals use proximate cues to select resources that maximize individual fitness. When animals have a diverse array of available habitats, those selected could give insights into true habitat preferences. Since the construction of the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River in North Dakota, Lake Sakakawea (SAK) has become an important breeding area for federally threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers). We used conditional logistic regression to examine nest-site selection at fine scales (1, 3, and 10 m) during summers 2006-2009 by comparing characteristics at 351 nests to those of 668 random sites within nesting territories. Plovers selected sites (1 m(2)) that were lower than unused random sites, increasing the risk of nest inundation. Plovers selected nest sites that were flat, had little silt, and at least 1 cobble; they also selected for 3-m radius nest areas that were relatively flat and devoid of vegetation and litter. Ninety percent of nests had <38% coverage of silt and <10% slope at the site, and <15% coverage of vegetation or litter and <31% slope within the 3-m radius. Gravel was selected for at nest sites (11% median), but against in the area 10-m from the nest, suggesting plovers select for patches or strips of gravel. Although elevation is rarely evaluated in studies of ground-nesting birds, our results underscore its importance in habitat-selection studies. Relative to where plovers historically nested, habitat at SAK has more diverse topography, substrate composition, vegetation communities, and greater water-level fluctuations. Accordingly, our results provide an example of how habitat-selection results can be interpreted as habitat preferences because they are not influenced by desired habitats being scarce or absent. Further, our results will be useful for directing habitat conservation for plovers and interpreting other habitat-selection studies. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.; Sherfy, Mark H.; Wiltermuth, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program; Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section; Garrison Project Office FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through financial and logistical support from the Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e30347 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030347 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 911GB UT WOS:000301704200014 PM 22299037 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Knightes, CD Conrads, PA Davis, GM Feaster, TD Journey, CA Benedict, ST Brigham, ME Bradley, PM AF Golden, H. E. Knightes, C. D. Conrads, P. A. Davis, G. M. Feaster, T. D. Journey, C. A. Benedict, S. T. Brigham, M. E. Bradley, P. M. TI Characterizing mercury concentrations and fluxes in a Coastal Plain watershed: Insights from dynamic modeling and data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COMMON LOONS; USA; TRANSPORT; RIVERS; BIOACCUMULATION; HYDROLOGY; STREAM; LOADS AB Mercury (Hg) is one of the leading water quality concerns in surface waters of the United States. Although watershed-scale Hg cycling research has increased in the past two decades, advances in modeling watershed Hg processes in diverse physiographic regions, spatial scales, and land cover types are needed. The goal of this study was to assess Hg cycling in a Coastal Plain system using concentrations and fluxes estimated by multiple watershed-scale models with distinct mathematical frameworks reflecting different system dynamics. We simulated total mercury (Hg-T, the sum of filtered and particulate forms) concentrations and fluxes from a Coastal Plain watershed (McTier Creek) using three watershed Hg models and an empirical load model. Model output was compared with observed in-stream Hg-T. We found that shallow subsurface flow is a potentially important transport mechanism of particulate Hg-T during periods when connectivity between the uplands and surface waters is maximized. Other processes (e. g., stream bank erosion, sediment re-suspension) may increase particulate Hg-T in the water column. Simulations and data suggest that variable source area (VSA) flow and lack of rainfall interactions with surface soil horizons result in increased dissolved Hg-T concentrations unrelated to DOC mobilization following precipitation events. Although flushing of DOC-Hg-T complexes from surface soils can also occur during this period, DOC-complexed Hg-T becomes more important during base flow conditions. TOPLOAD simulations highlight saturated subsurface flow as a primary driver of daily Hg-T loadings, but shallow subsurface flow is important for Hg-T loads during high-flow events. Results suggest limited seasonal trends in Hg-T dynamics. C1 [Golden, H. E.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Knightes, C. D.; Davis, G. M.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Conrads, P. A.; Journey, C. A.; Bradley, P. M.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Feaster, T. D.; Benedict, S. T.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Clemson Field Off, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Brigham, M. E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Golden.Heather@epa.gov OI Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01006 DI 10.1029/2011JG001806 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 884KA UT WOS:000299702500001 ER PT J AU Naranjo, RC Niswonger, RG Stone, M Davis, C Mckay, A AF Naranjo, Ramon C. Niswonger, Richard G. Stone, Mark Davis, Clinton Mckay, Alan TI The use of multiobjective calibration and regional sensitivity analysis in simulating hyporheic exchange SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS; SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; WATER INTERACTIONS; HEAT-FLOW; STREAM; SURFACE; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE; ZONE AB We describe an approach for calibrating a two-dimensional (2-D) flow model of hyporheic exchange using observations of temperature and pressure to estimate hydraulic and thermal properties. A longitudinal 2-D heat and flow model was constructed for a riffle-pool sequence to simulate flow paths and flux rates for variable discharge conditions. A uniform random sampling approach was used to examine the solution space and identify optimal values at local and regional scales. We used a regional sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of parameter correlation and nonuniqueness commonly encountered in multidimensional modeling. The results from this study demonstrate the ability to estimate hydraulic and thermal parameters using measurements of temperature and pressure to simulate exchange and flow paths. Examination of the local parameter space provides the potential for refinement of zones that are used to represent sediment heterogeneity within the model. The results indicate vertical hydraulic conductivity was not identifiable solely using pressure observations; however, a distinct minimum was identified using temperature observations. The measured temperature and pressure and estimated vertical hydraulic conductivity values indicate the presence of a discontinuous low-permeability deposit that limits the vertical penetration of seepage beneath the riffle, whereas there is a much greater exchange where the low-permeability deposit is absent. Using both temperature and pressure to constrain the parameter estimation process provides the lowest overall root-mean- square error as compared to using solely temperature or pressure observations. This study demonstrates the benefits of combining continuous temperature and pressure for simulating hyporheic exchange and flow in a riffle-pool sequence. C1 [Naranjo, Ramon C.; Mckay, Alan] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Davis, Clinton] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Naranjo, Ramon C.; Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Stone, Mark] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Naranjo, RC (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM naranjo@dri.edu FU U.S. EPA Landscape Ecology Branch, Las Vegas; U.S. Geological Survey through the Office of Groundwater FX Support for the first author was provided by the U.S. EPA Landscape Ecology Branch, Las Vegas. Support for the second author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. We wish to thank the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe for permitting access to and instrumentation of the Truckee River on their property. We also want to thank Greg Pohll, Dave Prudic for insightful discussions, and Seshadri Rajagopal for helpful MATLAB programming assistance. Earlier versions of this manuscript benefited from comments by Michael N. Gooseff and Kenneth E. Bencala. Comments by Ty Ferre and an anonymous reviewer also led to significant improvements to the manuscript. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 26 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W01538 DI 10.1029/2011WR011179 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 884JZ UT WOS:000299702400003 ER PT J AU Nielson, RJ Moffitt, CM Watten, BJ AF Nielson, R. Jordan Moffitt, Christine M. Watten, Barnaby J. TI Hydrocyclonic separation of invasive New Zealand mudsnails from an aquaculture water source SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Aquatic invasive species; Water filtration; New Zealand mudsnails; Hydrocyclone ID SNAIL POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; BALLAST WATER; RAINBOW-TROUT; HYDROBIIDAE; SPREAD; PROSOBRANCHIA; PERFORMANCE; GASTROPODA; AUSTRALIA; EUROPE AB Invasive New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, NZMS) have infested freshwater aquaculture facilities in the western United States and disrupted stocking or fish transportation activities because of the risk of transporting NZMS to naive locations. We tested the efficacy of a gravity-fed, hydrocyclonic separation system to remove NZMS from an aquaculture water source at two design flows: 367 L/min and 257 L/min. The hydrocyclone effectively filtered all sizes of snails (including newly emerged neonates) from inflows. We modeled cumulative recovery of three sizes of snails, and determined that both juvenile and adult sized snails were transported similarly through the filtration system, but the transit of neonates was faster and similar to the transport of water particles. We found that transit times through the filtration system were different between the two flows regardless of snail size, and the hydrocyclone filter operated more as a plug flow system with dispersion, especially when transporting and removing the larger sized adult and juvenile sized snails. Our study supports hydrocyclonic filtration as an important tool to provide snail free water for aquaculture operations that require uninfested water sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Watten, Barnaby J.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Staff of Hagerman National Fish Hatchery, Hagerman State Fish Hatchery, and the University of Idaho Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station provided important assistance and support during field trials. We thank the following students and faculty at the University of Idaho: T. Parker, S. Howard, and K. Hamilton for assistance conducting trials, and Dr. C. Williams for statistical advice. We thank J. Christiansen US Fish and Wildlife Service, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, and S. Smith, Western Fisheries Research Lab, US Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers for their assistance in improving earlier manuscript drafts. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (P. Heimowitz, project officer), and the U.S. Geological Survey. This is contribution 1098 of the University of Idaho Forestry, Wildlife and Range Resources Experiment Station, Moscow, Idaho. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 25 PY 2012 VL 326 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.11.035 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 919IR UT WOS:000302317800023 ER PT J AU Wynn, AH Reynolds, RP Buden, DW Falanruw, M Lynch, B AF Wynn, Addison H. Reynolds, Robert P. Buden, Donald W. Falanruw, Marjorie Lynch, Brian TI The unexpected discovery of blind snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in Micronesia: two new species of Ramphotyphlops from the Caroline Islands SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Ant Atoll; arboreality; hemipenes; Oceania; Scolecophidia; Ulithi ID MARIANA ISLANDS; GUAM AB Two new blind snakes in the genus Ramphotyphlops are described from Ulithi (R. hatmaliyeb sp. nov.) and Ant Atoll (R. adocetus sp. nov.) in the Caroline Islands, the first blind snake species known from Micronesia east of Palau (excluding Ramphotyphlops braminus). Both species are unusual in being known only from small, low-lying atolls. They can be distinguished from other Ramphotyphlops by the combination of 22 scale rows over the length of the body; a wedge-shaped snout, without a keratinized keel; and a broad, pyriform (R. adocetus) or ovate (R. hatmaliyeb) rostral scale. C1 [Wynn, Addison H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Reynolds, Robert P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Buden, Donald W.; Lynch, Brian] Coll Micronesia FSM, Div Nat Sci & Math, Kolonia 96941, Pohnpei, Micronesia. [Falanruw, Marjorie] Yap Inst Nat Sci, Yap 96943, Micronesia. RP Wynn, AH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wynna@si.edu; reynolds@si.edu; don_buden@comfsm.fm; mfalanruw@mail.fm; brianl@comfsm.fm FU Pacific Islands Educational Partnership Consortium; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA); Marine Resources Pacific Consortium (MAREPAC); European Union FX We thank Colin McCarthy (The Natural History Museum, London) for providing access to the holotype of R. willeyi, and Colin McCarthy and George Zug for providing photographs of its head. We also thank Rafe Brown for bringing the R. cumingii hemipenes to our attention. Jeremy Jacobs helped with the radiographs. James Poindexter took the specimen photographs. William Dickinson provided helpful discussion on Pacific atoll history. Terry Chesser, Robert Fisher, Van Wallach, Neal Woodman, and George Zug provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank the College of Micronesia Marine Field Studies students and College of Micronesia maintenance staff for their assistance in collecting the series of 16 R. adocetus paratypes during their 30 August 2008 trip to Ant Atoll. This trip was supported by funding from the Pacific Islands Educational Partnership Consortium Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), and the Marine Resources Pacific Consortium (MAREPAC). M. Falanruw thanks the late Chief of Ngulu, Rinfal, who started her in 1965 on the quest that led to this paper when he told her about a "worm-like animal with scales and a tongue"; the traditional leadership of Ulithi; Steve Kolinski, who collected the specimen of R. hatmaliyeb from Piig Island; Jennifer Cruce, Bert Suwel, and the rest of the Ulithi Turtle Taggers for welcoming her to their project and Giilab, where she saw her first live R. hatmaliyeb; and Jennifer Cruce, Dewey Dipwek, Jim Stanford, Francis Ruegorong, Charlie Gilgaayan, Brian Greene, and William Marlemal, who were on the team on Soong Island. YINS work was partially funded by the European Union Conservation and Environmental Protection Program. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 25 PY 2012 IS 3172 BP 39 EP 54 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 891SU UT WOS:000300237700003 ER PT J AU Williams, BK AF Williams, Byron K. TI Reducing uncertainty about objective functions in adaptive management SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Uncertainty; Objectives; Learning AB This paper extends the uncertainty framework of adaptive management to include uncertainty about the objectives to be used in guiding decisions. Adaptive decision making typically assumes explicit and agreed-upon objectives for management, but allows for uncertainty as to the structure of the decision process that generates change through time. Yet it is not unusual for there to be uncertainty (or disagreement) about objectives, with different stakeholders expressing different views not only about resource responses to management but also about the appropriate management objectives. In this paper I extend the treatment of uncertainty in adaptive management, and describe a stochastic structure for the joint occurrence of uncertainty about objectives as well as models, and show how adaptive decision making and the assessment of post-decision monitoring data can be used to reduce uncertainties of both kinds. Different degrees of association between model and objective uncertainty lead to different patterns of learning about objectives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USGS Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), USGS Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM Byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 225 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.11.009 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888DU UT WOS:000299984800005 ER PT J AU McDonald, CP Bennington, V Urban, NR McKinley, GA AF McDonald, C. P. Bennington, V. Urban, N. R. McKinley, G. A. TI 1-D test-bed calibration of a 3-D Lake Superior biogeochemical model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Model calibration; MCMC; Biogeochemical modelling; Lake Superior ID MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODEL; BAYESIAN CALIBRATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-LAKES; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; LIGHT AB Complex circulation models are commonly coupled with ecosystem models to characterize large-scale biogeochemical processes. While the reliability of these models is highly dependent upon accurate parameterization, the large computational expense associated with general circulation models generally prohibits the application of formal parameter estimation techniques to ecological model components in situ. Here, a 1-D model, driven by 3-D model output, is developed to provide an efficient test-bed environment in which model parameters are estimated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. The spatial and temporal uncertainty of model predictions due to parameter estimation error is quantified. A simple ecosystem model is calibrated for Lake Superior that is capable of reproducing most of the major features in observed concentration profiles of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and chlorophyll at the calibration location in the western basin of the lake. However, the optimized model is unable to reconcile observations of these variables with measured primary productivity during the stratified period. The test-bed calibrated parameters perform well in the 3-D framework at off-shore locations throughout the lake, and result in a 43% improvement in fit to validation data over manually adjusted parameters. The test-bed approach presented here represents a practical approach to the calibration of 3-D coupled models and has the potential to significantly improve model performance. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McDonald, C. P.; Urban, N. R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Bennington, V.; McKinley, G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP McDonald, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM cmcdonald@usgs.gov OI McDonald, Cory/0000-0002-1208-8471 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0628545, DGE 0333401] FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation (OCE 0628545 and DGE 0333401). NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 225 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.11.021 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888DU UT WOS:000299984800011 ER PT J AU Mattsson, BJ Runge, MC Devries, JH Boomer, GS Eadie, JM Haukos, DA Fleskes, JP Koons, DN Thogmartin, WE Clark, RG AF Mattsson, B. J. Runge, M. C. Devries, J. H. Boomer, G. S. Eadie, J. M. Haukos, D. A. Fleskes, J. P. Koons, D. N. Thogmartin, W. E. Clark, R. G. TI A modeling framework for integrated harvest and habitat management of North American waterfowl: Case-study of northern pintail metapopulation dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Metapopulation model; Integrated management framework; Northern pintail; Anas acuta; Carrying capacity; Sustained yield ID ENDANGERED SPECIES MANAGEMENT; BREEDING-SEASON SURVIVAL; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; POPULATION VIABILITY; SPRING MIGRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-MEXICO; LAND-USE; CONSERVATION; STRATEGIES AB We developed and evaluated the performance of a metapopulation model enabling managers to examine, for the first time, the consequences of alternative management strategies involving habitat conditions and hunting on both harvest opportunity and carrying capacity (i.e., equilibrium population size in the absence of harvest) for migratory waterfowl at a continental scale. Our focus is on the northern pintail (Anas acuta; hereafter, pintail), which serves as a useful model species to examine the potential for integrating waterfowl harvest and habitat management in North America. We developed submodel structure capturing important processes for pintail populations during breeding, fall migration, winter, and spring migration while encompassing spatial structure representing three core breeding areas and two core nonbreeding areas. A number of continental-scale predictions from our baseline parameterization (e.g., carrying capacity of 5.5 million, equilibrium population size of 2.9 million and harvest rate of 12% at maximum sustained yield [MSY]) were within 10% of those from the pintail harvest strategy under current use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To begin investigating the interaction of harvest and habitat management, we examined equilibrium population conditions for pintail at the continental scale across a range of harvest rates while perturbing model parameters to represent: (1) a 10% increase in breeding habitat quality in the Prairie Pothole population (PR); and (2) a 10% increase in nonbreeding habitat quantity along in the Gulf Coast (GC). Based on our model and analysis, a greater increase in carrying capacity and sustainable harvest was seen when increasing a proxy for habitat quality in the Prairie Pothole population. This finding and underlying assumptions must be critically evaluated, however, before specific management recommendations can be made. To make such recommendations, we require (1) extended, refined submodels with additional parameters linking influences of habitat management and environmental conditions to key life-history parameters; (2) a formal sensitivity analysis of the revised model; (3) an integrated population model that incorporates empirical data for estimating key vital rates; and (4) cost estimates for changing these additional parameters through habitat management efforts. We foresee great utility in using an integrated modeling approach to predict habitat and harvest management influences on continental-scale population responses while explicitly considering putative effects of climate change. Such a model could be readily adapted for management of many habitat-limited species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mattsson, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Calif LCC, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Runge, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Devries, J. H.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Stonewall, MB, Canada. [Boomer, G. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Washington, DC USA. [Eadie, J. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haukos, D. A.] Kansas State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Koons, D. N.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thogmartin, W. E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Clark, R. G.] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Mattsson, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Calif LCC, 3020 State Univ Dr E,Suite 2007, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bmattsson@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; Eadie, John/E-4820-2011; Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Division of Bird Habitat Conservation, Division of Migratory Bird Management), the U.S. Geological Survey [09-R2-03]; Ducks Unlimited Canada's Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research; Environment Canada; University of California (Davis); NAWMP Science Support Team FX This modeling effort was an initiative of the Pintail Action Group under the auspices of the NAWMP Science Support Team. For their contribution of time, data, ideas, and/or comments on previous versions of this manuscript, we would like to thank Mike Anderson, Paul Flint, Karla Guyn, Mark Koneff, Mike Miller, David Miller, Seth Mott, Jonathan Runge, Todd Sanders, and Robert Trost, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Division of Bird Habitat Conservation, Division of Migratory Bird Management), the U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Partnership Program (Project #09-R2-03), Ducks Unlimited Canada's Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Environment Canada, and the University of California (Davis). NR 51 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 225 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmode1.2011.10.028 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888DU UT WOS:000299984800014 ER PT J AU Minsley, BJ Abraham, JD Smith, BD Cannia, JC Voss, CI Jorgenson, MT Walvoord, MA Wylie, BK Anderson, L Ball, LB Deszcz-Pan, M Wellman, TP Ager, TA AF Minsley, Burke J. Abraham, Jared D. Smith, Bruce D. Cannia, James C. Voss, Clifford I. Jorgenson, M. Torre Walvoord, Michelle A. Wylie, Bruce K. Anderson, Lesleigh Ball, Lyndsay B. Deszcz-Pan, Maryla Wellman, Tristan P. Ager, Thomas A. TI Airborne electromagnetic imaging of discontinuous permafrost SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON LOSS; ALASKA; THAW; REGIONS; TUNDRA; YUKON; RIVER AB The evolution of permafrost in cold regions is inextricably connected to hydrogeologic processes, climate, and ecosystems. Permafrost thawing has been linked to changes in wetland and lake areas, alteration of the groundwater contribution to streamflow, carbon release, and increased fire frequency. But detailed knowledge about the dynamic state of permafrost in relation to surface and groundwater systems remains an enigma. Here, we present the results of a pioneering similar to 1,800 line-kilometer airborne electromagnetic survey that shows sediments deposited over the past similar to 4 million years and the configuration of permafrost to depths of similar to 100 meters in the Yukon Flats area near Fort Yukon, Alaska. The Yukon Flats is near the boundary between continuous permafrost to the north and discontinuous permafrost to the south, making it an important location for examining permafrost dynamics. Our results not only provide a detailed snapshot of the present-day configuration of permafrost, but they also expose previously unseen details about potential surface - groundwater connections and the thermal legacy of surface water features that has been recorded in the permafrost over the past similar to 1,000 years. This work will be a critical baseline for future permafrost studies aimed at exploring the connections between hydrogeologic, climatic, and ecological processes, and has significant implications for the stewardship of Arctic environments. Citation: Minsley, B. J., et al. (2012), Airborne electromagnetic imaging of discontinuous permafrost, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L02503, doi:10.1029/2011GL050079. C1 [Minsley, Burke J.; Abraham, Jared D.; Smith, Bruce D.; Ball, Lyndsay B.; Deszcz-Pan, Maryla] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cannia, James C.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Anderson, Lesleigh; Ager, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Geol & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wellman, Tristan P.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Minsley, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bminsley@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; USGS FX The USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area (Climate Effects Network and R&D Programs) provided funding for the acquisition and interpretation of the AEM data. Additional support for the data processing and interpretation was provided by the USGS Minerals Program through the Geophysical Methods Development project. Fugro Airborne was contracted to acquire the AEM dataset. Darren Van Sistine (USGS) digitized the geologic map that is illustrated in this paper, and Jennifer Rover (USGS) provided the surface water data for the map. We thank Carol Finn, Dan Muhs, Duane Froese, and Richard Reger for their thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L02503 DI 10.1029/2011GL050079 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 880GV UT WOS:000299394200002 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Ryan, JN Keefe, SH Barber, LB AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Ryan, Joseph N. Keefe, Steffanie H. Barber, Larry B. TI Fate of 4-Nonylphenol and 17 beta-Estradiol in the Redwood River of Minnesota SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; STEROID ESTROGENS; NONYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; STREAM SEDIMENTS; ENGLISH RIVERS; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; HORMONES; FISH AB The majority of previous research investigating the fate of endocrine-disrupting compounds has focused on single processes generally in controlled laboratory experiments, and limited studies have directly evaluated their fate and transport in rivers. This study evaluated the fate and transport of 4-nonylphenol, 17 beta-estradiol, and estrone in a 10-km reach of the Redwood River in southwestern Minnesota. The same parcel of water was sampled as it moved downstream, integrating chemical transformation and hydrologic processes. The conservative tracer bromide was used to track the parcel of water being sampled, and the change in mass of the target compounds relative to bromide was determined at two locations downstream from a wastewater treatment plant effluent outfall. In-stream attenuation coefficients (k(stream)) were calculated by assuming first-order kinetics (negative values correspond to attenuation, whereas positive values indicate production). Attenuation of 17 beta-estradiol (k(stream) = -3.2 +/- 1.0 day(-1)) was attributed primarily due to sorption and biodegradation by the stream biofilm and bed sediments. Estrone (k(stream) = 0.6 +/- 0.8 day(-1)) and 4-nonylphenol (k(stream) = 1.4 +/- 1.9 day(-1)) were produced in the evaluated 10-km reach, likely due to biochemical transformation from parent compounds (17 beta-estradiol, 4-nonylphenolpolyethoxylates, and 4-nonyphenolpolyethoxycarboxylates). Despite attenuation, these compounds were transported kilometers downstream, and thus additive concentrations from multiple sources and transformation of parent compounds into degradates having estrogenic activity can explain their environmental persistence and widespread observations of biological disruption in surface waters. C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Keefe, Steffanie H.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Writer, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwriter@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU USGS; National Science Foundation [CBET-0854527] FX The authors acknowledge the guidance and oversight provided by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. The following individuals were invaluable to the completion of this investigation: Greg Brown, James Gray, Rhiannon Revello, Chris Sanocki, Sheila Murphy (USGS), Heiko Schoenfuss and Nate Jahns (St. Cloud State University), and Phil Monson and Mark Ferrey (MPCA). Additionally, discussions with Rob Runkel, Steffen Mehl, and Ron Antweiler (USGS) greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs and the National Science Foundation (Grant CBET-0854527). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 860 EP 868 DI 10.1021/es2031664 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200039 PM 22208914 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Malone, RW Gronberg, JA Thorp, KR Ma, LW AF Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. Gronberg, Jo Ann Thorp, Kelly R. Ma, Liwang TI Verifiable Metamodels for Nitrate Losses to Drains and Groundwater in the Corn Belt, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; WATER-QUALITY MODEL; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL SETTINGS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CROP YIELD; CONTAMINATION; VULNERABILITY; SOIL; IOWA AB Nitrate leaching in the unsaturated zone poses a risk to groundwater, whereas nitrate in tile drainage is conveyed directly to streams. We developed metamodels (MMs) consisting of artificial neural networks to simplify and upscale mechanistic fate and transport models for prediction of nitrate losses by drains and leaching in the Corn Belt, USA. The two final MMs predicted nitrate concentration and flux, respectively, in the shallow subsurface. Because each MM considered both tile drainage and leaching, they represent an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment. The MMs used readily available data comprising farm fertilizer nitrogen (N), weather data, and soil properties as inputs; therefore, they were well suited for regional extrapolation. The MMs effectively related the outputs of the underlying mechanistic model (Root Zone Water Quality Model) to the inputs (R-2 = 0.986 for the nitrate concentration MM). Predicted nitrate concentration was compared with measured nitrate in 38 samples of recently recharged groundwater, yielding a Pearson's r of 0.466 (p = 0.003). Predicted nitrate generally was higher than that measured in groundwater, possibly as a result of the time-lag for modern recharge to reach well screens, denitrification in groundwater, or interception of recharge by tile drains. In a qualitative comparison, predicted nitrate concentration also compared favorably with results from a previous regression model that predicted total N in streams. C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gronberg, Jo Ann] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thorp, Kelly R.] USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ma, Liwang] USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 901 EP 908 DI 10.1021/es202875e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200044 PM 22129446 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Sivaganesan, M Peed, L Kelty, CA Blackwood, AD Greene, MR Noble, RT Bushon, RN Stelzer, EA Kinzelman, J Anan'eva, T Sinigalliano, C Wanless, D Griffith, J Cao, YP Weisberg, S Harwood, VJ Staley, C Oshima, KH Varma, M Haugland, RA AF Shanks, Orin C. Sivaganesan, Mano Peed, Lindsay Kelty, Catherine A. Blackwood, A. Denene Greene, Monica R. Noble, Rachel T. Bushon, Rebecca N. Stelzer, Erin A. Kinzelman, Julie Anan'eva, Tamara Sinigalliano, Christopher Wanless, David Griffith, John Cao, Yiping Weisberg, Steve Harwood, Valarie J. Staley, Christopher Oshima, Kevin H. Varma, Manju Haugland, Richard A. TI Interlaboratory Comparison of Real-Time PCR Protocols for Quantification of General Fecal Indicator Bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; ASSAYS; BACTEROIDALES; PERFORMANCE; POLLUTION AB The application of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technologies for the rapid identification of fecal bacteria in environmental waters is being considered for use as a national water quality metric in the United States. The transition from research tool to a standardized protocol requires information on the reproducibility and sources of variation associated with qPCR methodology across laboratories. This study examines interlaboratory variability in the measurement of enterococci and Bacteroidales concentrations from standardized, spiked, and environmental sources of DNA using the Enterola and GenBac3 qPCR methods, respectively. Comparisons are based on data generated from eight different research facilities. Special attention was placed on the influence of the DNA isolation step and effect of simplex and multiplex amplification approaches on interlaboratory variability. Results suggest that a crude lysate is sufficient for DNA isolation unless environmental samples contain substances that can inhibit qPCR amplification. No appreciable difference was observed between simplex and multiplex amplification approaches. Overall interlaboratory variability levels remained low (<10% coefficient of variation) regardless of qPCR protocol. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; Sivaganesan, Mano; Peed, Lindsay; Kelty, Catherine A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blackwood, A. Denene; Greene, Monica R.; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. [Kinzelman, Julie; Anan'eva, Tamara] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher; Wanless, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL USA. [Griffith, John; Cao, Yiping; Weisberg, Steve] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Harwood, Valarie J.; Staley, Christopher] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Oshima, Kevin H.; Varma, Manju; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1021/es2031455 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200050 PM 22133009 ER PT J AU Misra, SK Dybowska, A Berhanu, D Croteau, MN Luoma, SN Boccaccini, AR Valsami-Jones, E AF Misra, Superb K. Dybowska, Agnieszka Berhanu, Deborah Croteau, Marie Noele Luoma, Samuel N. Boccaccini, Aldo R. Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Isotopically Modified Nanoparticles for Enhanced Detection in Bioaccumulation Studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZNO NANOPARTICLES; SIZE; DISSOLUTION; TOXICITY; AGGREGATION; COPPER; TIO2; CUO AB This work presents results on synthesis of isotopically enriched (99% Cu-65) copper oxide nanoparticles and its application in ecotoxicological studies. (CuO)-Cu-65 nanoparticles were synthesized as spheres (7 rim) and rods (7 X 40 rim). Significant differences were observed between the reactivity and dissolution of spherical and rod shaped nanoparticles. The extreme sensitivity of the stable isotope tracing technique developed in this study allowed determining Cu uptake at exposure concentrations equivalent to background Cu concentrations in freshwater systems (0.2-30 mu g/L) Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Cu was impossible, even at exposure concentrations surpassing some of the most contaminated water systems (>1 mg/L). C1 [Misra, Superb K.; Dybowska, Agnieszka; Berhanu, Deborah; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Croteau, Marie Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boccaccini, Aldo R.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Mat Sci, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Univ Birmingham Edgbaston, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Misra, SK (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM s.misra@nhm.ac.uk RI Boccaccini, Aldo/C-7905-2013; Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 696/N] FX The authors acknowledge Leverhulme Trust (F/00 696/N) for the funding of this project. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1216 EP 1222 DI 10.1021/es2039757 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200083 PM 22148182 ER PT J AU Iwashita, F Friedel, MJ Ribeiro, GF Fraser, SJ AF Iwashita, Fabio Friedel, Michael J. Ribeiro, Glaucielen F. Fraser, Stephen J. TI Intelligent estimation of spatially distributed soil physical properties SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Self-organizing maps; Hydraulic conductivity; Soil texture; Monte-Carlo simulation; Pocos de Caldas; Brazil ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; MISSING VALUES; DATA SETS; IMPUTATION; CALDAS; POCOS; BRAZIL; PRECIPITATION; CATCHMENT; QUALITY AB Spatial analysis of soil samples is often times not possible when measurements are limited in number or clustered. To obviate potential problems, we propose a new approach based on the self-organizing map (SOM) technique. This approach exploits underlying nonlinear relation of the steady-state geomorphic concave-convex nature of hillslopes (from hilltop to bottom of the valley) to spatially limited soil textural data. The topographic features are extracted from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission elevation data; whereas soil textural (clay, silt, and sand) and hydraulic data were collected in 29 spatially random locations (50 to 75 cm depth). In contrast to traditional principal component analysis, the SUM identifies relations among relief features, such as, slope, horizontal curvature and vertical curvature. Stochastic cross-validation indicates that the SOM is unbiased and provides a way to measure the magnitude of prediction uncertainty for all variables. The SUM cross-component plots of the soil texture reveals higher clay proportions at concave areas with convergent hydrological flux and lower proportions for convex areas with divergent flux. The sand ratio has an opposite pattern with higher values near the ridge and lower values near the valley. Silt has a trend similar to sand, although less pronounced. The relation between soil texture and concave-convex hillslope features reveals that subsurface weathering and transport is an important process that changed from loss-to-gain at the rectilinear hillslope point. These results illustrate that the SUM can be used to capture and predict nonlinear hillslope relations among relief, soil texture, and hydraulic conductivity data. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iwashita, Fabio; Friedel, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Iwashita, Fabio; Ribeiro, Glaucielen F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geosci, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Fraser, Stephen J.] CSIRO Explorat & Min, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Iwashita, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM fabio_iwashita@hotmail.com RI Fraser, Stephen/A-8219-2008 OI Fraser, Stephen/0000-0002-0856-5300 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico FX We are grateful to Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico for their financial support; to Victor F. Labson, Director, Crustal Imaging and Geochemistry Science Center (CIGSC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Denver, Colorado, United States of America for providing the first author with the position of visiting scientist. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 170 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 898LE UT WOS:000300743100001 ER PT J AU Mayer, LM Thornton, KR Schick, LL Jastrow, JD Harden, JW AF Mayer, Lawrence M. Thornton, Kathleen R. Schick, Linda L. Jastrow, Julie D. Harden, Jennifer W. TI Photodissolution of soil organic matter SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Photochemistry; Soil organic matter; Photodissolution; Dissolved organic carbon; Nitrogen; Moisture ID SOLAR-RADIATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; RESUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; PLANT LITTER; CARBON; WATER; PHOTODEGRADATION; NITROGEN; EROSION AB Sunlight has been shown to enhance loss of organic matter from aquatic sediments and terrestrial plant litter, so we tested for similar reactions in mineral soil horizons. Losses of up to a third of particulate organic carbon occurred after continuous exposure to full-strength sunlight for dozens of hours, with similar amounts appearing as photodissolved organic carbon. Nitrogen dissolved similarly, appearing partly as ammonium. Modified experiments with interruption of irradiation to include extended dark incubation periods increased loss of total organic carbon, implying remineralization by some combination of light and microbes. These photodissolution reactions respond strongly to water content, with reaction extent under air-dry to fully wet conditions increasing by a factor of 3-4 fold. Light limitation was explored using lamp intensity and soil depth experiments. Reaction extent varied linearly with lamp intensity. Depth experiments indicate that attenuation of reaction occurs within the top tens to hundreds of micrometers of soil depth. Our data allow only order-of-magnitude extrapolations to field conditions, but suggest that this type of reaction could induce loss of 10-20% of soil organic carbon in the top 10 cm horizon over a century. It may therefore have contributed to historical losses of soil carbon via agriculture, and should be considered in soil management on similar time scales. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mayer, Lawrence M.; Thornton, Kathleen R.; Schick, Linda L.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Jastrow, Julie D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mayer, LM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. EM Lmayer@maine.edu FU National Research Initiative Competitive; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35107-04497]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant #2008-35107-04497 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We thank the National Soil Survey Center, USDA, Lincoln NE for soil samples. J.D.J. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 to Argonne National Laboratory. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 170 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.030 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 898LE UT WOS:000300743100035 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Bullen, TD Fitzpatrick, J AF White, Art F. Schulz, Marjorie S. Vivit, Davison V. Bullen, Tomas D. Fitzpatrick, John TI The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MARINE TERRACE CHRONOSEQUENCE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CONCENTRATION RATIOS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; RELATIVE UPTAKE; TALL FESCUE; GRASS AB Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of 280-600 g m(-2) yr(-1). The biotic/abiotic (A/B) interface separates seasonally reversible nutrient gradients, reflecting biological cycling in the shallower soils, from downward chemical weathering gradients in the deeper soils. The A/B interface is pedologically defined by argillic clay horizons centered at soil depths of about one meter which intensify with soil age. Below these horizons, elevated solute Na/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios reflect plagioclase and smectite weathering along pore water flow paths. Above the A/B interface, lower cation ratios denote temporal variability due to seasonal plant nutrient uptake and litter leaching. Potassium and Ca exhibit no seasonal variability beneath the A/B interface, indicating closed nutrient cycling within the root zone, whereas Mg variability below the A/B interface denotes downward leakage resulting from higher inputs of marine aerosols and lower plant nutrient requirements. The fraction of a mineral nutrient annually cycled through the plants, compared to that lost from pore water discharge, is defined their respective fluxes F-j,F-plants = q(j,plants)/(q(j,plants) + q(j,discharge)) with average values for K and Ca (F-K,F-plants = 0.99; F-Ca,F-plants = 0.93) much higher than for Mg and Na (F-Mg,F-plants 0.64; F-Na,F-plants = 0.28). The discrimination against Rb and Sr by plants is described by fractionation factors (K-Sr/Ca = 0.86; K-Rb/K = 0.83) which are used in Rayleigh fractionation-mixing calculations to fit seasonal patterns in solute K and Ca cycling. K-Rb/K and K-24Mg/22Mg values (derived from isotope data in the literature) fall within fractionation envelopes bounded by inputs from rainfall and mineral weathering. K-Sr/Ca and K-44Ca/40Ca fractionation factors fall outside these envelopes indicating that Ca nutrient cycling is closed to these external inputs. Small net positive K and Ca fluxes (6-14 mol m(-2) yr(-1)), based on annual mass balances, indicate that the soils are accumulating mineral nutrients, probably as a result of long-term environmental disequilibrium. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Art F.; Schulz, Marjorie S.; Vivit, Davison V.; Bullen, Tomas D.; Fitzpatrick, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 420 345,Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 FU US Geological Survey FX Our co-author, colleague and friend Davison Vivit passed away during the writing of this paper and we acknowledge the importance his many contributions to this and other projects over the years. We thank the rangers and staff at Wilder State Park, specifically Tim Hyland, for his help in the field and Stephanie Mills of Laguna Ranch who provided site access on private land for the study. We would like to acknowledge US Geological colleagues and other for helpful discussions and for assistance in the field: Jennifer Harden, Jennie Munster, Carrie Maseillo, Mark Waldrop, Daniel Bain, Suzanne Anderson and Edward Tipper. We thank the two anomalous journal reviewers who provided helpful criticisms and suggestions. Funding was provided by the National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline of the US Geological Survey. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 77 BP 62 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.029 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 875DK UT WOS:000299010400005 ER PT J AU Rooney, AD Selby, D Lewan, MD Lillis, PG Houzay, JP AF Rooney, Alan D. Selby, David Lewan, Michael D. Lillis, Paul G. Houzay, Jean-Pierre TI Evaluating Re-Os systematics in organic-rich sedimentary rocks in response to petroleum generation using hydrous pyrolysis experiments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OSMIUM ISOTOPE; BLACK SHALE; HYDROCARBON MATURATION; ATLANTIC MARGIN; MCARTHUR BASIN; WESTERN CANADA; CRUDE OILS; RHENIUM; GEOCHRONOMETER AB Successful application of the Re-187-Os-187 geochronometer has enabled the determination of accurate and precise depositional ages for organic-rich sedimentary rocks (ORS) as well as establishing timing constraints of petroleum generation. However, we do not fully understand the systematics and transfer behaviour of Re and Os between ORS and petroleum products (e.g., bitumen and oil). To more fully understand the behaviour of Re-Os systematics in both source rocks and petroleum products we apply hydrous pyrolysis to two immature hydrocarbon source rocks: the Permian Phosphoria Formation (TOC = 17.4%; Type II-S kerogen) and the Jurassic Staffin Formation (TOC = 2.5%; Type III kerogen). The laboratory-based hydrous pyrolysis experiments were carried out for 72 h at 250, 300, 325 and 350 degrees C. These experiments provided us with whole rock, extracted rock and bitumen and in some cases expelled oil and asphaltene for evaluation of Re-Os isotopic and elemental abundance. The data from these experiments demonstrate that the majority (>95%) of Re and Os are housed within extracted rock and that thermal maturation does not result in significant transfer of Re or Os from the extracted rock into organic phases. Based on existing thermodynamic data our findings suggest that organic chelating sites have a greater affinity for the quadravalent states of Re and Os than sulphides. Across the temperature range of the hydrous pyrolysis experiments both whole rock and extracted rock Re-187/Os-188 ratios show small variations (3.3% and 4.7%, for Staffin, respectively and 6.3% and 4.9% for Phosphoria, respectively). Similarly, the Os-187/Os-188 ratios show only minor variations for the Staffin and Phosphoria whole rock and extracted rock samples (0.6% and 1.4% and 1.3% and 2.2%). These isotopic data strongly suggest that crude oil generation through hydrous pyrolysis experiments does not disturb the Re-Os systematics in ORS as supported by various studies on natural systems. The elemental abundance data reveal limited transfer of Re and Os into the bitumen from a Type III kerogen in comparison to Type II-S kerogen (0.02% vs. 3.7%), suggesting that these metals are very tightly bound in Type III kerogen structure. The Os-187/Os-188 data from the pyrolysis generated Phosphoria bitumens display minor variation (4%) across the experimental temperatures, with values similar to that of the source rock. This indicates that the isotopic composition of the bitumen reflects the isotopic composition of the source rock at the time of petroleum generation. These data further support the premise that the Os isotopic composition of oils and bitumens can be used to fingerprint petroleum deposits to specific source rocks. Oil generated through the hydrous pyrolysis experiments does not contain appreciable quantities of Re or Os (similar to 120 and similar to 3 ppt, respectively), in contrast to natural oils (2-50 ppb and 34-288 ppt for Re and Os, respectively), which may suggest that kinetic parameters are fundamental to the transfer of Re and Os from source rocks to oils. From this we hypothesise that, at the temperatures employed in hydrous pyrolysis, Re and Os are assimilated into the extracted rock as a result of cross-linking reactions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rooney, Alan D.; Selby, David] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lewan, Michael D.; Lillis, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Houzay, Jean-Pierre] TOTAL, Fluids & Geochem Dept, F-64018 Pau, France. RP Rooney, AD (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM alan.rooney@durham.ac.uk RI Rooney, Alan/D-6501-2017 OI Rooney, Alan/0000-0002-5023-2606 FU TOTAL CeREES Ph. D. scholarship FX This research was funded by a TOTAL CeREES Ph. D. scholarship awarded to A.D.R. Augusta Warden is thanked for her help with EA analysis of the organic precipitates. Francois Champion and Valerie Aout are thanked for their technical assistance. This paper has benefitted from constructive criticism from Bob Dias, Brian Marshall and Tom Judkins of the USGS as well as J. A. Curiale and an anonymous reviewer. We also wish to acknowledge the significant editorial contribution Derek Vance (AE) made and for his thoughtful and productive comments. NR 75 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 77 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.006 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 875DK UT WOS:000299010400019 ER PT J AU Balci, N Mayer, B Shanks, WC Mandernack, KW AF Balci, Nurgul Mayer, Bernhard Shanks, Wayne C., III Mandernack, Kevin W. TI Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; THIOBACILLUS-THIOOXIDANS CELLS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PYRITE OXIDATION; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; METAL SULFIDES; OXIDIZING ENZYME; BISULFITE ION; WATER SYSTEM; FERROUS IRON AB Studies of metal sulfide oxidation in acid mine drainage (AMD) systems have primarily focused on pyrite oxidation, although acid soluble sulfides (e.g., ZnS) are predominantly responsible for the release of toxic metals. We conducted a series of biological and abiotic laboratory oxidation experiments with pure and Fe-bearing sphalerite (ZnS & Zn0.88Fe0.12S), respectively, in order to better understand the effects of sulfide mineralogy and associated biogeochemical controls of oxidation on the resultant delta S-34 and delta O-18 values of the sulfate produced. The minerals were incubated in the presence and absence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans at an initial solution pH of 3 and with water of varying delta O-18 values to determine the relative contributions of H2O-derived and O-2-derived oxygen in the newly formed sulfate.. Experiments were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using O-2 and Fe(III)(aq) as the oxidants, respectively. Aerobic incubations with A. ferrooxidans, and S-o as the sole energy source were also conducted. The delta S-34(SO4) values from both the biological and abiotic oxidation of ZnS and ZnSFe by Fe(III)(aq) produced sulfur isotope fractionations (epsilon S-34(SO4-ZnS)) of up to -2.6 parts per thousand, suggesting the accumulation of sulfur intermediates during incomplete oxidation of the sulfide. No significant sulfur isotope fractionation was observed from any of the aerobic experiments. Negative sulfur isotope enrichment factors (epsilon S-34(SO4-ZnS)) in AMD systems could reflect anaerobic, rather than aerobic pathways of oxidation. During the biological and abiotic oxidation of ZnS and ZnSFe by Fe(III)(aq) all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water, with measured epsilon O-18(SO4-H2O) values of 8.2 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand and 7.5 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand, respectively. Also, during the aerobic oxidation of ZnSFe and S-o by A. ferrooxidans, all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water with similar measured epsilon O-18(SO4-H2O) values of 8.1 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand and 8.3 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand, respectively. During biological oxidation of ZnS by O-2, an estimated 8% of sulfate-oxygen was derived from O-2, which is enriched in O-18 relative to water, thus resulting in a larger apparent epsilon O-18(SO4-H2O) value of 9.5 parts per thousand. Based on the data presented we hypothesize that the similar epsilon O-18(SO4-H2O) values of similar to 8 parts per thousand from all of the aerobic and anaerobic experiments result from a common rate-limiting step that involves oxygen isotopic exchange between a sulfite (SO3-) intermediate and H2O. Our results indicate that the delta O-18(SO4) values cannot be used to distinguish biological and abiotic, nor aerobic versus anaerobic, pathways of sphalerite oxidation. However, the epsilon O-18(SO4-H2O) values of similar to 8 parts per thousand measured here are distinctly higher than epsilon O-18(SO4-H2O) values of similar to 4 parts per thousand previously reported for pyrite oxidation indicating the influence of sulfide mineralogy on measured delta O-18(SO4) values. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Balci, Nurgul] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Geol, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Balci, Nurgul; Mandernack, Kevin W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mayer, Bernhard] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Appl Geochem Grp, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mandernack, Kevin W.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Balci, N (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Geol, Ayazaga Campus, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM ncelik@itu.edu.tr; kevinman@iupui.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9985234]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK-108Y177]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We thank Dr. Huming Bao and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive and helpful reviews of this manuscript. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to KWM (EAR-9985234), by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey grant to NB (TUBITAK-108Y177), and financial support by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to BM. NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 77 BP 335 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 875DK UT WOS:000299010400023 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Ryan, JN Ball, JW AF McCleskey, R. Blaine Nordstrom, D. Kirk Ryan, Joseph N. Ball, James W. TI A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DISSOLVED SOLIDS; CONDUCTANCE; SALINITY; COMPUTATION; SOLVENT; YORK AB A new method is presented for calculating the electrical conductivity of natural waters that is accurate over a large range of effective ionic strength (0.0004-0.7 mol kg(-1)), temperature (0-95 degrees C), pH (1-10), and conductivity (30-70,000 mu S cm(-1)). The method incorporates a reliable set of equations to calculate the ionic molal conductivities of cations and anions (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, F-, Cl-, Br-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-, NO3-, and OH-), environmentally important trace metals (Al3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+), and ion pairs (HSO4-, NaSO4-, NaCO3-, and KSO4-). These equations are based on new electrical conductivity measurements for electrolytes found in a wide range of natural waters. In addition, the method is coupled to a geochemical speciation model that is used to calculate the speciated concentrations required for accurate conductivity calculations. The method was thoroughly tested by calculating the conductivities of 1593 natural water samples and the mean difference between the calculated and measured conductivities was -0.7 +/- 5%. Many of the samples tested were selected to determine the limits of the method and include acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, dilute mountain waters, and river water impacted by municipal waste water. Transport numbers were calculated and H+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-, F-, Al3+, Fe2+, NO3-, and HSO4- substantially contributed (>10%) to the conductivity of at least one of the samples. Conductivity imbalance in conjunction with charge imbalance can be used to identify whether a cation or an anion measurement is likely in error, thereby providing an additional quality assurance/quality control constraint on water analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McCleskey, R. Blaine; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rbmccles@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 FU USGS FX We would like to thank Kate Campbell and Randall Chiu of the USGS for their assistance on many occasions during this study and manuscript preparation. We also would like to thank Niel Plummer and David Roth for their constructive comments and reviews. This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Research Program of the USGS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 77 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.031 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 875DK UT WOS:000299010400025 ER PT J AU Manning, T Hagar, JC McComb, BC AF Manning, Tom Hagar, Joan C. McComb, Brenda C. TI Thinning of young Douglas-fir forests decreases density of northern flying squirrels in the Oregon Cascades SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Northern flying squirrel; Glaucomys sabrinus; Silvicultural thinning; Commercial thinning ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; COASTAL CONIFEROUS FOREST; LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; WESTERN OREGON; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOUTHEASTERN-ALASKA; SIERRA-NEVADA AB Large-scale commercial thinning of young forests in the Pacific Northwest is currently promoted on public lands to accelerate the development of late-seral forest structure for the benefit of wildlife species such as northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) and their prey, including the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). Attempts to measure the impact of commercial thinning on northern flying squirrels have mostly addressed short-term effects (2-5 years post-thinning) and the few published studies of longer-term results have been contradictory. We measured densities of northern flying squirrels 11-13 years after thinning of young (55-65 years) Douglas-fir forest stands in the Cascade Range of Oregon, as part of the Young Stand Thinning & Diversity Study. The study includes four replicate blocks, each consisting of an unthinned control stand and one stand each of the following thinning treatments: Heavy Thin; Light Thin; and Light Thin with Gaps. Thinning decreased density of northern flying squirrels, and squirrel densities were significantly lower in heavily thinned stands than in more lightly thinned stands. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive relationship of flying squirrel density with density of large (>30 cm diameter) standing dead trees and a negative relationship with percent cover of low understory shrubs. Maintaining sufficient area and connectivity of dense, closed canopy forest is recommended as a strategy to assure that long-term goals of promoting late-seral structure do not conflict with short-term habitat requirements of this important species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Manning, Tom; McComb, Brenda C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hagar, Joan C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manning, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tom.mannning@oregonstate.edu; joan_hagar@usgs.gov; brenda.mccomb@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Forest Service [07-CR-11061800-018] FX We thank Winston Smith and Todd Wilson for reviewing this manuscript. Their comments and suggestions were invaluable. Field assistance during the 2007-2008 seasons was provided by C. Domschke, C. Eckrich, K. Eucken, K. Flores, S. Hart, A. Lucas, L. Navarrete, M. Stone, and K. Wagner. Vegetation data was provided by Adrian Ares, Carrie Berger, and Klaus Puettman. This is a product of the Young Stand Thinning and Diversity Study (YSTDS), with cooperation from the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Willamette National Forest, Oregon State University, and Cascade Center for Ecosystem Management. Funding was provided under USDA-Forest Service Agreement No. 07-CR-11061800-018. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 264 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.043 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 868OJ UT WOS:000298532300012 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Kimmel, DG Snyder, J Scalise, K McGlaughon, BD Roman, MR Jahn, GL Pierson, JJ Brandt, SB Montoya, JP Rosenbauer, RJ Lorenson, TD Wong, FL Campbell, PL AF Mitra, Siddhartha Kimmel, David G. Snyder, Jessica Scalise, Kimberly McGlaughon, Benjamin D. Roman, Michael R. Jahn, Ginger L. Pierson, James J. Brandt, Stephen B. Montoya, Joseph P. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Lorenson, Thomas D. Wong, Florence L. Campbell, Pamela L. TI Macondo-1 well oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mesozooplankton from the northern Gulf of Mexico SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MARINE ZOOPLANKTON; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BIOACCUMULATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONTAMINANTS; ACCUMULATION; METHODOLOGY; STRATEGY; SPILL AB Mesozooplankton (>200 mu m) collected in August and September of 2010 from the northern Gulf of Mexico show evidence of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that distributions of PAHs extracted from mesozooplankton were related to the oil released from the ruptured British Petroleum Macondo-1 (M-1) well associated with the R/V Deepwater Horizon blowout. Mesozooplankton contained 0.03-97.9 ng g(-1) of total PAHs and ratios of fluoranthene to fluoranthene + pyrene less than 0.44, indicating a liquid fossil fuel source. The distribution of PAHs isolated from mesozooplankton extracted in this study shows that the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill may have contributed to contamination in the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Citation: Mitra, S., et al. (2012), Macondo-1 well oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mesozooplankton from the northern Gulf of Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L01605, doi:10.1029/2011GL049505. C1 [Mitra, Siddhartha; Scalise, Kimberly] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Kimmel, David G.; Snyder, Jessica; McGlaughon, Benjamin D.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Roman, Michael R.; Jahn, Ginger L.; Pierson, James J.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Brandt, Stephen B.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Montoya, Joseph P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Lorenson, Thomas D.; Wong, Florence L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal Marine Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kimmel, David G.] E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM mitras@ecu.edu RI Kimmel, David/A-9643-2012; Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; roman, michael/F-9425-2013 OI Kimmel, David/0000-0001-7232-7801; Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; FU National Science Foundation RAPID [OCE-1043249, OCE-1047736, OCE-1057461] FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation RAPID grants OCE-1043249, OCE-1047736, OCE-1057461, and the captain and crew of the R/V Oceanus. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L01605 DI 10.1029/2011GL049505 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 877KN UT WOS:000299179100001 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Flores, CH AF ten Brink, Uri S. Flores, Claudia H. TI Geometry and subsidence history of the Dead Sea basin: A case for fluid-induced mid-crustal shear zone? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PULL-APART BASINS; TECTONIC IMPLICATION; STRAIN LOCALIZATION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SEISMIC-REFRACTION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS FLUIDS; MANTLE FLUIDS; DEEP CRUST; FAULT AB Pull-apart basins are narrow zones of crustal extension bounded by strike-slip faults that can serve as analogs to the early stages of crustal rifting. We use seismic tomography, 2-D ray tracing, gravity modeling, and subsidence analysis to study crustal extension of the Dead Sea basin (DSB), a large and long-lived pull-apart basin along the Dead Sea transform (DST). The basin gradually shallows southward for 50 km from the only significant transverse normal fault. Stratigraphic relationships there indicate basin elongation with time. The basin is deepest (8-8.5 km) and widest (similar to 15 km) under the Lisan about 40 km north of the transverse fault. Farther north, basin depth is ambiguous, but is 3 km deep immediately north of the lake. The underlying pre-basin sedimentary layer thickens gradually from 2 to 3 km under the southern edge of the DSB to 3-4 km under the northern end of the lake and 5-6 km farther north. Crystalline basement is similar to 11 km deep under the deepest part of the basin. The upper crust under the basin has lower P wave velocity than in the surrounding regions, which is interpreted to reflect elevated pore fluids there. Within data resolution, the lower crust below similar to 18 km and the Moho are not affected by basin development. The subsidence rate was several hundreds of m/m.y. since the development of the DST similar to 17 Ma, similar to other basins along the DST, but subsidence rate has accelerated by an order of magnitude during the Pleistocene, which allowed the accumulation of 4 km of sediment. We propose that the rapid subsidence and perhaps elongation of the DSB are due to the development of inter-connected mid-crustal ductile shear zones caused by alteration of feldspar to muscovite in the presence of pore fluids. This alteration resulted in a significant strength decrease and viscous creep. We propose a similar cause to the enigmatic rapid subsidence of the North Sea at the onset the North Atlantic mantle plume. Thus, we propose that aqueous fluid flux into a slowly extending continental crust can cause rapid basin subsidence that may be erroneously interpreted as an increased rate of tectonic activity. C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.; Flores, Claudia H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU U.S. AID [M21-012] FX Fieldwork was funded by U.S. AID Middle Eastern Regional Cooperation Program grant M21-012, with in-kind contributions by Al-Balqa' Applied University (Jordan), the Geophysical Institute of Israel, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Abdallah Al-Zoubi, Yair Rotstein, and Randy Keller helped coordinate the project. IRIS and the University of Texas, El Paso, kindly provided seismic equipment. Steve Harder and Isam Qabbani coordinated the field deployment, and Jordanian and Israeli crews, Matt Averill, Galen Kaip, and Tip Meckel provided field support. We thank Moshe Reshef for discussion and information. Discussions with Tim Stern substantially improved the manuscript. Tim Stern, Carolyn Ruppel, Uri Schattner, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor Gail Christeson provided helpful reviews. NR 94 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B01406 DI 10.1029/2011JB008711 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 877LW UT WOS:000299183800001 ER PT J AU Maestre, FT Quero, JL Gotelli, NJ Escudero, A Ochoa, V Delgado-Baquerizo, M Garcia-Gomez, M Bowker, MA Soliveres, S Escolar, C Garcia-Palacios, P Berdugo, M Valencia, E Gozalo, B Gallardo, A Aguilera, L Arredondo, T Blones, J Boeken, B Bran, D Conceicao, AA Cabrera, O Chaieb, M Derak, M Eldridge, DJ Espinosa, CI Florentino, A Gaitan, J Gatica, MG Ghiloufi, W Gomez-Gonzalez, S Gutierrez, JR Hernandez, RM Huang, XW Huber-Sannwald, E Jankju, M Miriti, M Monerris, J Mau, RL Morici, E Naseri, K Ospina, A Polo, V Prina, A Pucheta, E Ramirez-Collantes, DA Romao, R Tighe, M Torres-Diaz, C Val, J Veiga, JP Wang, DL Zaady, E AF Maestre, Fernando T. Quero, Jose L. Gotelli, Nicholas J. Escudero, Adrian Ochoa, Victoria Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Garcia-Gomez, Miguel Bowker, Matthew A. Soliveres, Santiago Escolar, Cristina Garcia-Palacios, Pablo Berdugo, Miguel Valencia, Enrique Gozalo, Beatriz Gallardo, Antonio Aguilera, Lorgio Arredondo, Tulio Blones, Julio Boeken, Bertrand Bran, Donaldo Conceicao, Abel A. Cabrera, Omar Chaieb, Mohamed Derak, Mchich Eldridge, David J. Espinosa, Carlos I. Florentino, Adriana Gaitan, Juan Gatica, M. Gabriel Ghiloufi, Wahida Gomez-Gonzalez, Susana Gutierrez, Julio R. Hernandez, Rosa M. Huang, Xuewen Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth Jankju, Mohammad Miriti, Maria Monerris, Jorge Mau, Rebecca L. Morici, Ernesto Naseri, Kamal Ospina, Abelardo Polo, Vicente Prina, Anibal Pucheta, Eduardo Ramirez-Collantes, David A. Romao, Roberto Tighe, Matthew Torres-Diaz, Cristian Val, James Veiga, Jose P. Wang, Deli Zaady, Eli TI Plant Species Richness and Ecosystem Multifunctionality in Global Drylands SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; GRASSLAND; DESERTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES AB Experiments suggest that biodiversity enhances the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple functions, such as carbon storage, productivity, and the buildup of nutrient pools (multifunctionality). However, the relationship between biodiversity and multifunctionality has never been assessed globally in natural ecosystems. We report here on a global empirical study relating plant species richness and abiotic factors to multifunctionality in drylands, which collectively cover 41% of Earth's land surface and support over 38% of the human population. Multifunctionality was positively and significantly related to species richness. The best-fitting models accounted for over 55% of the variation in multifunctionality and always included species richness as a predictor variable. Our results suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity is crucial to buffer negative effects of climate change and desertification in drylands. C1 [Maestre, Fernando T.; Quero, Jose L.; Escudero, Adrian; Ochoa, Victoria; Garcia-Gomez, Miguel; Soliveres, Santiago; Escolar, Cristina; Garcia-Palacios, Pablo; Berdugo, Miguel; Valencia, Enrique; Gozalo, Beatriz; Polo, Vicente] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Dept Biol & Geol, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Gallardo, Antonio] Univ Pablo Olavide, Dept Sistemas Fis Quim & Nat, Seville 41013, Spain. [Garcia-Gomez, Miguel] Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Caminos Canales & Puertos, Dept Ingn & Morfol Terreno, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Bowker, Matthew A.] No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Aguilera, Lorgio; Gutierrez, Julio R.] Univ La Serena, Dept Biol, La Serena, Chile. [Arredondo, Tulio; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambient, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. [Blones, Julio] Univ Simon Rodriguez, Inst Estudios Cient & Tecnol, Ctr Agroecol Trop, Lab Biol Vegetal, Caracas, Venezuela. [Boeken, Bertrand] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Bran, Donaldo; Gaitan, Juan; Romao, Roberto] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Estac Expt San Carlos Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Conceicao, Abel A.] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bairro Novo Horizonte, Feira Santana, Brazil. [Cabrera, Omar; Espinosa, Carlos I.] Univ Tecn Particular Loja, Inst Ecol, Loja, Ecuador. [Chaieb, Mohamed; Ghiloufi, Wahida] Univ Sfax, Fac Sci, Unite Rech Plant Divers & Ecosyst Arid Environm, Sfax 3018, Tunisia. [Derak, Mchich] Direct Reg Eaux & Forets & Lutte Desertificat Rif, Tetouan 93000, Morocco. [Eldridge, David J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Florentino, Adriana; Ospina, Abelardo] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Agr, Inst Edafol, Caracas, Venezuela. [Gatica, M. Gabriel; Pucheta, Eduardo] Univ Nacl San Juan, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Fis Nat, Dept Biol, San Juan, Argentina. [Gomez-Gonzalez, Susana; Torres-Diaz, Cristian] Univ Bio Bio, Dept Ciencias Basicas, Lab Genom & Biodiversidad, Chillan, Chile. [Hernandez, Rosa M.] Univ Expt Simon Rodriguez, Ctr Agroecol Trop, Lab Biogeoquim, Caracas, Venezuela. [Huang, Xuewen] Hulunbuir Coll, Dept Biol & Chem, Hailar 021008, InnerMongolia, Peoples R China. [Jankju, Mohammad; Naseri, Kamal] Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Fac Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Range & Watershed Management, Mashhad 917751363, Iran. [Miriti, Maria] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Monerris, Jorge; Ramirez-Collantes, David A.] Univ Nacl Agraria La Molina, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lima, Peru. [Mau, Rebecca L.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Morici, Ernesto; Prina, Anibal] Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Agr, RA-6300 La Pampa, Argentina. [Tighe, Matthew] Univ New England, Sch Environm & Rural Sci, Dept Agron & Soil Sci, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Val, James] Off Environm & Heritage, Buronga, NSW 2739, Australia. [Veiga, Jose P.] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Ecol Evolut, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Wang, Deli] NE Normal Univ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Minist Educ, Inst Grassland Sci, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Zaady, Eli] Gilat Res Ctr, Minist Agr, Agr Res Org, Dept Nat Resources & Agron, IL-85280 Negev, Israel. RP Maestre, FT (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Dept Biol & Geol, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Mostoles 28933, Spain. EM fernando.maestre@urjc.es RI Conceicao, Abel/A-7544-2012; Quero, Jose Luis/A-4202-2011; Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Quero, Jose/M-1074-2013; Garcia-Palacios, Pablo/K-7567-2014; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014; Arredondo Moreno, Jose /A-9972-2015; Escudero, Adrian/H-5046-2015; Soliveres Codina, Santiago/A-2291-2016; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth/D-2507-2009; OI Frazam, Mohammad/0000-0003-1947-0187; gaitan, juan/0000-0003-2889-1418; Tighe, Matthew/0000-0003-1027-0082; Ramirez Collantes, David Antonio/0000-0003-4546-9745; Quero, Jose Luis/0000-0001-5553-506X; Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Quero, Jose/0000-0001-5553-506X; Garcia-Palacios, Pablo/0000-0002-6367-4761; Arredondo Moreno, Jose /0000-0003-1969-9942; Escudero, Adrian/0000-0002-1427-5465; Soliveres Codina, Santiago/0000-0001-9661-7192; Gomez-Gonzalez, Susana/0000-0002-3779-8701; Espinosa, Carlos Ivan/0000-0002-5330-4505 FU European Research Council under the European Community [242658]; The Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo program (CYTED) [407AC0323] FX We thank all the technicians that assisted with field and laboratory work; T. Navarro and Z. Noumi for their help with plant species identification; and J. Bascompte, J. F. Reynolds, K. J. van Groenigen, W. van der Putten, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was funded by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement 242658 (BIOCOM). The Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo program (CYTED) funded networking activities (EPES, Accion 407AC0323). The data used in the primary analyses are available in the supporting online material. The authors declare no competing financial interests. F. T. M. and A. E. designed the study. Field data were collected by all authors except A. E., A. G., N.J.G., B. G., E. V., and M. B. Laboratory analyses were done by V.O., A. G., M. B., M. D. B., E. V., and B. G. Data analyses were done by F. T. M., assisted by N.J.G. The paper was written by F. T. M., and all authors contributed to the subsequent drafts. NR 32 TC 207 Z9 225 U1 36 U2 417 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6065 BP 214 EP 218 DI 10.1126/science.1215442 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875LZ UT WOS:000299033100052 PM 22246775 ER PT J AU Ernst, WG McLaughlin, RJ AF Ernst, W. G. McLaughlin, Robert J. TI Mineral parageneses, regional architecture, and tectonic evolution of Franciscan metagraywackes, Cape Mendocino-Garberville-Covelo 30 ' x 60 ' quadrangles, northwest California SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID FORE-ARC BASIN; GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; TRIPLE JUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; MOUNT-DIABLO; PROVENANCE AB The Franciscan Complex is a classic subduction-zone assemblage. In northwest California, it comprises a stack of west vergent thrust sheets: westernmost Eastern Belt outliers; Central Belt melange; Coastal Belt Yager terrane; Coastal Belt Coastal terrane; Coastal Belt King Range/False Cape terranes. We collected samples and determined P-T conditions of recrystallization for 88 medium-fine-grained metasandstones to assess their subduction-exhumation histories and assembly of the host allochthons. Feebly recrystallized Yager, Coastal, and King Range strata retain clear detrital features. Scattered neoblastic prehnite occurs in several Coastal terrane metasandstones; traces of possible pumpellyite are present in three Yager metaclastic rocks. Pumpellyite +/- lawsonite +/- aragonite-bearing Central Belt metasandstones are moderately deformed and reconstituted. Intensely contorted, thoroughly recrystallized Eastern Belt affinity quartzose metagraywackes contain lawsonite + jadeitic pyroxene +/- aragonite +/- glaucophane. We microprobed neoblastic phases in 23 rocks, documenting mineral parageneses that constrain the tectonic accretion and metamorphic P-T evolution of these sheets. Quasi-stable mineral assemblages typify Eastern Belt metasandstones, but mm-sized domains in the Central and Coastal belt rocks failed to achieve chemical equilibrium. Eastern Belt slabs rose from subduction depths approaching 25-30 km, whereas structurally lower Central Belt melanges returned from similar to 15-18 km. Coastal Belt assemblages suggest burial depths less than 5-8 km. Eastern and Central belt allochthons sequentially decoupled from the downgoing oceanic lithosphere and ascended into the accretionary margin; K-feldspar-rich Coastal Belt rocks were stranded along the continental edge without undergoing appreciable subduction, probably during Paleogene unroofing of the older, deeply subducted units of the Franciscan Complex in east-vergent crustal wedges. C1 [Ernst, W. G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McLaughlin, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ernst, WG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Bldg 320,Rm 118, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM wernst@stanford.edu FU Stanford University; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation NSF [EAR 0948676] FX Stanford University and the U.S. Geological Survey have supported our field and analytical studies of Californian lithotectonic belts over the past several decades. The National Science Foundation provided additional aid through grant NSF EAR 0948676 to Marty Grove. Bob Jones maintained the Stanford electron microprobe facility and helped masterfully with the analytical work. Clark Blake Jr., Trevor Dumitru, Diane Moore, and Ken Aalto provided constructive reviews of a draft version of this paper. John Wakabayashi and Jeffrey Rahl gave us very helpful feedback in their journal reviews. We thank these institutions and colleagues for their technical and scientific support. The U. S. Geological Survey has approved this work for publication. NR 83 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JAN 12 PY 2012 VL 31 AR TC1001 DI 10.1029/2011TC002987 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 877LG UT WOS:000299181800001 ER PT J AU Payne, MC Brown, CA Reusser, DA Lee, H AF Payne, Meredith C. Brown, Cheryl A. Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II TI Ecoregional Analysis of Nearshore Sea-Surface Temperature in the North Pacific SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL; ECOSYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; ATLANTIC; DATABASE AB The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected to be affected by climate change. To better understand present temperature regimes, we assembled a 29-year nearshore time series of mean monthly SSTs along the North Pacific coastline using remotely-sensed satellite data collected with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. We then used the dataset to describe nearshore (<20 km offshore) SST patterns of 16 North Pacific ecoregions delineated by the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) hierarchical schema. Annual mean temperature varied from 3.8 degrees C along the Kamchatka ecoregion to 24.8 degrees C in the Cortezian ecoregion. There are smaller annual ranges and less variability in SST in the Northeast Pacific relative to the Northwest Pacific. Within the 16 ecoregions, 31-94% of the variance in SST is explained by the annual cycle, with the annual cycle explaining the least variation in the Northern California ecoregion and the most variation in the Yellow Sea ecoregion. Clustering on mean monthly SSTs of each ecoregion showed a clear break between the ecoregions within the Warm and Cold Temperate provinces of the MEOW schema, though several of the ecoregions contained within the provinces did not show a significant difference in mean seasonal temperature patterns. Comparison of these temperature patterns shared some similarities and differences with previous biogeographic classifications and the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Finally, we provide a web link to the processed data for use by other researchers. C1 [Payne, Meredith C.; Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Payne, Meredith C.; Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brown, Cheryl A.; Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR USA. RP Payne, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR USA. EM mpayne@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Climate Change Center [3206-DU9-14]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX This work was supported by the United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Climate Change Center # 3206-DU9-14 and an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) summer student internship. The funders had roles in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e30105 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030105 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 906ON UT WOS:000301355700090 PM 22253893 ER PT J AU Johnson, TD Belitz, K AF Johnson, Tyler D. Belitz, Kenneth TI A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urban irrigation; Remote sensing; Evapotranspiration; Landsat; NDVI; Endmembers ID WATER-RESOURCES; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; ENERGY-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VULNERABILITY; FRACTIONS; AREA AB Urban irrigation is an important component of the hydrologic cycle in many areas of the arid and semiarid western United States. This paper describes a new approach that uses readily available datasets to estimate the location and rate of urban irrigation. The approach provides a repeatable methodology at 1/3 km(2) resolution across a large urbanized area (500 km(2)). For this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery, air photos, climatic records, and a land-use map were used to: (1) identify the fraction of irrigated landscaping in urban areas, and (2) estimate the monthly rate of irrigation being applied to those areas. The area chosen for this study was the San Fernando Valley in Southern California. Identifying irrigated areas involved the use of 29 satellite images, air photos, and a land-use map. The fraction of a pixel that consists of irrigated landscaping (F-irr) was estimated using a linear-mixture model of two land-cover endmembers (selected pixels within a satellite image that represent a targeted land-cover). The two endmembers were impervious and fully-irrigated landscaping. In the San Fernando Valley, we used airport buildings, runways, and pavement to represent the impervious endmember; golf courses and parks were used to represent the fully irrigated endmember. The average F-irr using all 29 satellite scenes was 44%. F-irr calculated from hand-digitizing using air photos for 13 randomly selected single-family-residential neighborhoods showed similar results (42%). Estimating the rate of irrigation required identification of a third endmember: areas that consisted of urban vegetation but were not irrigated. This "nonirrigated" endmember was used to compute a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) surplus, defined as the difference between the NDVI signals of the irrigated and nonirrigated endmembers. The NDVI signals from irrigated areas remains relatively constant throughout the year, whereas the signal from nonirrigated areas rises and falls seasonally due to precipitation. The areas between airport runways were chosen to represent the nonirrigated endmember. Water-delivery records from 65 spatially-distributed single-family neighborhoods, consisting of nearly 1800 homes, were correlated with the NDVI surplus. The results show a strong exponential correlation (r(2) = 0.94). In the absence of water-delivery records, which can be difficult to obtain, a surrogate was identified: the landscape evapotranspiration rate (ETL). ETL. was used to scale NDVI surplus (which is dimensionless) to irrigation rates using an exponential scaling function. The monthly irrigation rates calculated from satellite and climatic data compared well with irrigation rates calculated from actual water-delivery data using a paired Wilcoxan signed-rank test (p = 0.0063). Identification of F-irr at the pixel scale, along with identification of the irrigation rate for a fully-irrigated pixel, allows for mapping of urban irrigation over large areas. Maps showing the location and rate of monthly irrigation for the San Fernando study area were computed for January and August 1997. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Tyler D.; Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnson, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM tyjohns@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This work was funded by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. We thank our colleagues at the USGS, including Eric Reichard, Peter Martin, Tracy Nishikawa, and La Rue Smith for their suggestions and comments, and Whitney Seymour for her technical support. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.016 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 902ZE UT WOS:000301081900008 ER PT J AU Smith, KM Anthony, SJ Switzer, WM Epstein, JH Seimon, T Jia, HW Sanchez, MD Huynh, TT Galland, GG Shapiro, SE Sleeman, JM McAloose, D Stuchin, M Amato, G Kolokotronie, SO Lipkin, WI Karesh, WB Daszak, P Marano, N AF Smith, Kristine M. Anthony, Simon J. Switzer, William M. Epstein, Jonathan H. Seimon, Tracie Jia, Hongwei Sanchez, Maria D. Huynh, Thanh Thao Galland, G. Gale Shapiro, Sheryl E. Sleeman, Jonathan M. McAloose, Denise Stuchin, Margot Amato, George Kolokotronie, Sergios-Orestis Lipkin, W. Ian Karesh, William B. Daszak, Peter Marano, Nina TI Zoonotic Viruses Associated with Illegally Imported Wildlife Products SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OXIDASE-SUBUNIT-I; FOAMY VIRUS; DNA; INFECTION; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; PRIMATES; TYPE-1; GENE; AIDS AB The global trade in wildlife has historically contributed to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. The United States is the world's largest importer of wildlife and wildlife Products, yet minimal Pathogen surveillance has Precluded assessment of the health risks posed by this practice This report details the findings of a pilot project to establish surveillance methodology for zoonotic agents in confiscated wildlife products. Initial findings from samples collected at several international airports identified Parts originating from nonhuman Primate (NHP) and rodent species, including baboon, chimpanzee, mangabey, guenon, green monkey, cane rat and rat. Pathogen screening identified retroviruses (simian foamy virus) and/or herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus and lymphocryptovirus) in the NHP samples. These results are first demonstration that illegal bushmeat importation into the United States could act as a conduit for pathogen spread, and suggest that implementation of disease surveillance of the wildlife trade will help facilitate Prevention of disease emergence. C1 [Smith, Kristine M.; Anthony, Simon J.; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Sanchez, Maria D.; Karesh, William B.; Daszak, Peter] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Smith, Kristine M.; Seimon, Tracie; McAloose, Denise; Karesh, William B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Switzer, William M.; Jia, Hongwei; Galland, G. Gale; Shapiro, Sheryl E.; Marano, Nina] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anthony, Simon J.; Seimon, Tracie; Sanchez, Maria D.; Stuchin, Margot; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Huynh, Thanh Thao] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA USA. [Sleeman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Stuchin, Margot; Amato, George; Kolokotronie, Sergios-Orestis] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Smith, KM (reprint author), EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. EM ksmith@ecohealthalliance.org RI Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis/A-1910-2009 OI Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis/0000-0003-3309-8465 FU V. Kann Rasmussen Foundation; Consortium for Conservation Medicine; New York Community Trust; Eppley Foundation for Research FX Funding for this study was supplied by the V. Kann Rasmussen Foundation, the Consortium for Conservation Medicine, the New York Community Trust, and the Eppley Foundation for Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 77 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 AR e29505 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029505 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 906OA UT WOS:000301353900008 PM 22253731 ER PT J AU Engelman, CA Grant, WE Mora, MA Woodin, M AF Engelman, Catherine A. Grant, William E. Mora, Miguel A. Woodin, Marc TI Modelling effects of chemical exposure on birds wintering in agricultural landscapes: The western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) as a case study SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; Burrowing owl; Carbamates; Ecotoxicology; Organophosphates; Pesticides; Risk assessment; Simulation model ID RISK ASSESSMENTS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; SOUTHERN TEXAS; UNITED-STATES; ROOST SITES; WILDLIFE; TOXICITY; CONTAMINANTS AB We describe an ecotoxicological model that simulates the sublethal and lethal effects of chronic, low-level, chemical exposure on birds wintering in agricultural landscapes. Previous models estimating the impact on wildlife of chemicals used in agro-ecosystems typically have not included the variety of pathways, including both dermal and oral, by which individuals are exposed. The present model contains four submodels simulating (1) foraging behavior of individual birds, (2) chemical applications to crops, (3) transfers of chemicals among soil, insects, and small mammals, and (4) transfers of chemicals to birds via ingestion and dermal exposure. We demonstrate use of the model by simulating the impacts of a variety of commonly used herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, and defoliants on western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) that winter in agricultural landscapes in southern Texas, United States. The model generated reasonable movement patterns for each chemical through soil, water, insects, and rodents, as well as into the owl via consumption and dermal absorption. Sensitivity analysis suggested model predictions were sensitive to uncertainty associated with estimates of chemical half-lives in birds, soil, and prey, sensitive to parameters associated with estimating dermal exposure, and relatively insensitive to uncertainty associated with details of chemical application procedures (timing of application, amount of drift). Nonetheless, the general trends in chemical accumulations and the relative impacts of the various chemicals were robust to these parameter changes. Simulation results suggested that insecticides posed a greater potential risk to owls of both sublethal and lethal effects than do herbicides, defoliants, and growth regulators under crop scenarios typical of southern Texas, and that use of multiple indicators, or endpoints provided a more accurate assessment of risk due to agricultural chemical exposure. The model should prove useful in helping prioritize the chemicals and transfer pathways targeted in future studies and also, as these new data become available, in assessing the relative danger to other birds of exposure to different types of agricultural chemicals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Engelman, Catherine A.; Grant, William E.; Mora, Miguel A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Woodin, Marc] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Woodin, Marc] Tejas EcoServ Inc, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Engelman, CA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cengelman@tnc.org OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 FU United States Geological Survey FX We would like to convey gratitude to M.K. Skoruppa, RA. Feagin, C.M. Small, and D. Greer for their conceptual advice and help with ecological data. This project received financial support from the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 224 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.10.017 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 869TW UT WOS:000298622100010 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Qi, HP AF Coplen, Tyler B. Qi, Haiping TI USGS42 and USGS43: Human-hair stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic reference materials and analytical methods for forensic science and implications for published measurement results SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Oxygen isotopes; Hydrogen isotopes; Keratin ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROPOSED ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; ORGANIC MATERIALS; DELTA-O-18; EQUILIBRATION; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-H-2; KERATIN; WATER AB Because there are no internationally distributed stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic reference materials of human hair, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has prepared two such materials, USGS42 and USGS43. These reference materials span values commonly encountered in human hair stable isotope analysis and are isotopically homogeneous at sample sizes larger than 0.2 mg. USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair isotopic reference materials are intended for calibration of delta(2)H and delta(18)O measurements of unknown human hair by quantifying (1) drift with time, (2) mass-dependent isotopic fractionation, and (3) isotope-ratio-scale contraction. While they are intended for measurements of the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, they also are suitable for measurements of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in human and mammalian hair. Preliminary isotopic compositions of the non-exchangeable fractions of these materials are USGS42(Tibetan hair)delta(2)H(VSMOW-SLAP) = -78.5 +/- 2.3 parts per thousand(n = 62) and delta(18)O(VSMOW-SLAP) = +8.56 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand (n = 18) USGS43(Indian hair)delta(2)H(VSMOW -SLAP) = -50.3 +/- 2.8 parts per thousand(n = 64) and delta(18)O(VSMOW-SLAP) = +14.11 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand(n = 18) Using recommended analytical protocols presented herein for delta(2)H(VSMOW-SLAP) and delta(18)O(VSMOW-SLAP) measurements, the least squares fit regression of 11 human hair reference materials is delta(2)H(VSMOW -SLAP) = 6.085 delta(18)O(VSMOW-SLAP) = 136.0 parts per thousand with an R-square value of 0.95. The delta(2)H difference between the calibrated results of human hair in this investigation and a commonly accepted human-hair relationship is a remarkable 34 parts per thousand. It is critical that readers pay attention to the delta(2)H(VSMOW-SLAP) and delta(18)O(VSMOW-SLAP) of isotopic reference materials in publications, and they need to adjust the delta(2)H(VSMOW-SLAP) and d18OVSMOW-SLAP measurement results of human hair in previous publications, as needed, to ensure all results on are on the same scales. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by L. Chesson (IsoForensics Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) and G. Singleton (U.S. Department of Energy). The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.035 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 869XZ UT WOS:000298634900033 PM 21852055 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Torres, ME Haley, BA Kastner, M Pohlman, JW Riedel, M Lee, YJ AF Kim, Ji-Hoon Torres, Marta E. Haley, Brian A. Kastner, Miriam Pohlman, John W. Riedel, Michael Lee, Young-Joo TI The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rare earth elements; Pore water; Organic matter; Fluid migration; Cascadia margin ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; AUTHIGENIC CARBONATES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; CERIUM OXIDATION; SUBDUCTION ZONE AB Analytical challenges in obtaining high quality measurements of rare earth elements (REEs) from small pore fluid volumes have limited the application of REEs as deep fluid geochemical tracers. Using a recently developed analytical technique, we analyzed REEs from pore fluids collected from Sites U1325 and U1329, drilled on the northern Cascadia margin during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311, to investigate the REE behavior during diagenesis and their utility as tracers of deep fluid migration. These sites were selected because they represent contrasting settings on an accretionary margin: a ponded basin at the toe of the margin, and the landward Tofino Basin near the shelf's edge. REE concentrations of pore fluid in the methanogenic zone at Sites U1325 and U1329 correlate positively with concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity. Fractionations across the REE series are driven by preferential complexation of the heavy REEs. Simultaneous enrichment of diagenetic indicators (DOC and alkalinity) and of REEs (in particular the heavy elements Ho to Lu), suggests that the heavy REEs are released during particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation and are subsequently chelated by DOC. REE concentrations are greater at Site U1325, a site where shorter residence times of POC in sulfate-bearing redox zones may enhance REE burial efficiency within sulfidic and methanogenic sediment zones where REE release ensues. Cross-plots of La concentrations versus Cl, Li and Sr delineate a distinct field for the deep fluids (z>75 mbsf) at Site U1329, and indicate the presence of a fluid not observed at the other sites drilled on the Cascadia margin. Changes in REE patterns, the presence of a positive Eu anomaly, and other available geochemical data for this site suggest a complex hydrology and possible interaction with the igneous Crescent Terrane, located east of the drilled transect. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Ji-Hoon; Torres, Marta E.; Haley, Brian A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Ji-Hoon; Lee, Young-Joo] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Res Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Kastner, Miriam] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Riedel, Michael] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Torres, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mtorres@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Kim, Ji-Hoon/0000-0003-2430-3869 FU US National Science Foundation FX This research used data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. We thank the captain and crew of the JOIDES Resolution, and the IODP technical staff for their support at sea, and Chris Osburn for assistance with the DOC analysis. Funding for this research was provided by the Korea Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (K-IODP) of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) of Korea and the U.S. Science Support Program (USSP). NR 97 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 6 PY 2012 VL 291 BP 152 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891FJ UT WOS:000300202300013 ER PT J AU Lu, JM Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Horita, J Karamalidis, A Griffith, C Hakala, JA Ambats, G Cole, DR Phelps, TJ Manning, MA Cook, PJ Hovorka, SD AF Lu, Jiemin Kharaka, Yousif K. Thordsen, James J. Horita, Juske Karamalidis, Athanasios Griffith, Craig Hakala, J. Alexandra Ambats, Gil Cole, David R. Phelps, Tommy J. Manning, Michael A. Cook, Paul J. Hovorka, Susan D. TI CO2-rock-brine interactions in Lower Tuscaloosa Formation at Cranfield CO2 sequestration site, Mississippi, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 storage; Rock-water-CO2 reaction; Brine chemistry; Carbon isotopes; Tuscaloosa Formation; Autoclave experiment ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROCK INTERACTIONS; AQUIFER DISPOSAL; GREENHOUSE GASES; PURE WATER; STORAGE; FLUID; SOLUBILITY; SIMULATION; SANDSTONE AB A highly integrated geochemical program was conducted at the Cranfield CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration site, Mississippi, U.S.A.. The program included extensive field geochemical monitoring, a detailed petrographic study, and an autoclave experiment under in situ reservoir conditions. Results show that mineral reactions in the Lower Tuscaloosa reservoir were minor during CO2 injection. Brine chemistry remained largely unchanged, which contrasts with significant changes observed in other field tests. Field fluid sampling and laboratory experiments show consistently slow reactions. Carbon isotopic composition and CO2 content in the gas phase reveal simple two-end-member mixing between injected and original formation gas. We conclude that the reservoir rock, which is composed mainly of minerals with low reactivity (average quartz 79.4%, chlorite 11.8%, kaolinite 3.1%, illite 1.3%, concretionary calcite and dolomite 1.5%, and feldspar 0.2%), is relatively unreactive to CO2. The significance of low reactivity is both positive, in that the reservoir is not impacted, and negative, in that mineral trapping is insignificant. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Jiemin; Hovorka, Susan D.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James J.; Ambats, Gil] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Horita, Juske; Phelps, Tommy J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Karamalidis, Athanasios; Griffith, Craig; Hakala, J. Alexandra] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Karamalidis, Athanasios] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Manning, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cook, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lu, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jiemin.lu@beg.utexas.edu RI Lu, Jiemin/H-3581-2011; Cook, Paul/I-4788-2016 OI Lu, Jiemin/0000-0001-6783-5510; FU Department of Energy FX The study was funded by the Department of Energy and managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (Bruce Brown, DOE project manager) through the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) (managed by the Southern State Energy Board). We thank Denbury Onshore LLC for hosting the project and providing tremendous assistance during the study. We also acknowledge assistance from T. A. Meckel in making the field map. The article benefited immensely from thorough and constructive reviews by two anonymous reviewers. Publication authorized by the Director, Bureau of Economic Geology. NR 32 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 6 PY 2012 VL 291 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.020 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891FJ UT WOS:000300202300024 ER PT J AU Dawson, PB Benitez, MC Lowenstern, JB Chouet, BA AF Dawson, Phillip B. Benitez, M. C. Lowenstern, Jacob B. Chouet, Bernard A. TI Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hidden Markov models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; TREMOR AB Beginning in July 2003 and lasting through September 2003, the Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park exhibited an unusual increase in ground temperature and hydrothermal activity. Using hidden Markov model theory, we identify over five million high-frequency (>15 Hz) seismic events observed at a temporary seismic station deployed in the basin in response to the increase in hydrothermal activity. The source of these seismic events is constrained to within similar to 100 m of the station, and produced similar to 3500-5500 events per hour with mean durations of similar to 0.35-0.45 s. The seismic event rate, air temperature, hydrologic temperatures, and surficial water flow of the geyser basin exhibited a marked diurnal pattern that was closely associated with solar thermal radiance. We interpret the source of the seismicity to be due to the collapse of small steam bubbles in the hydrothermal system, with the rate of collapse being controlled by surficial temperatures and daytime evaporation rates. Citation: Dawson, P. B., M. C. Benitez, J. B. Lowenstern, and B. A. Chouet (2012), Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hidden Markov models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L01304, doi:10.1029/2011GL049901. C1 [Dawson, Phillip B.; Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Chouet, Bernard A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Benitez, M. C.] Univ Granada, Dept Teoria Senal Telemat & Comunicac, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Dawson, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dawson@usgs.gov; carmen@ugr.es; jlwnstrn@usgs.gov; chouet@usgs.gov RI Benitez Ortuzar, M Del Carmen/C-2424-2012; OI Benitez Ortuzar, M Del Carmen/0000-0002-5407-8335; Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU Spanish Ministry of Education FX Robert B. Smith, Greg Waite, Dave Drobeck (University of Utah) and Chris Dietel (USGS) were instrumental in deploying the seismic instrumentation. Jamie Farrell (University of Utah) provided quality control of the seismic data. Henry Heasler (NPS) provided invaluable assistance in obtaining the appropriate permits to conduct this study. He also installed the temperature and barometric sensors and provided their data, and with Irving Friedman (USGS) provided the Tantalus weir temperature and flow data. Global positioning receivers were provided by UNAVCO, and the broadband seismic sensors were provided by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. M. C. Benitez gratefully acknowledges the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education. We thank R. Thiery and J. Vandemeulebrouck for their critical reviews of this letter. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L01304 DI 10.1029/2011GL049901 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 874BV UT WOS:000298930900001 ER PT J AU Fagherazzi, S Kirwan, ML Mudd, SM Guntenspergen, GR Temmerman, S D'Alpaos, A van de Koppel, J Rybczyk, JM Reyes, E Craft, C Clough, J AF Fagherazzi, Sergio Kirwan, Matthew L. Mudd, Simon M. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Temmerman, Stijn D'Alpaos, Andrea van de Koppel, Johan Rybczyk, John M. Reyes, Enrique Craft, Chris Clough, Jonathan TI NUMERICAL MODELS OF SALT MARSH EVOLUTION: ECOLOGICAL, GEOMORPHIC, AND CLIMATIC FACTORS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TIDAL CREEK NETWORKS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; COASTAL WETLANDS; SCHELDT ESTUARY; ACCRETION RATES; FLOW HYDRODYNAMICS AB Salt marshes are delicate landforms at the boundary between the sea and land. These ecosystems support a diverse biota that modifies the erosive characteristics of the substrate and mediates sediment transport processes. Here we present a broad overview of recent numerical models that quantify the formation and evolution of salt marshes under different physical and ecological drivers. In particular, we focus on the coupling between geomorphological and ecological processes and on how these feedbacks are included in predictive models of landform evolution. We describe in detail models that simulate fluxes of water, organic matter, and sediments in salt marshes. The interplay between biological and morphological processes often produces a distinct scarp between salt marshes and tidal flats. Numerical models can capture the dynamics of this boundary and the progradation or regression of the marsh in time. Tidal channels are also key features of the marsh landscape, flooding and draining the marsh platform and providing a source of sediments and nutrients to the marsh ecosystem. In recent years, several numerical models have been developed to describe the morphogenesis and long-term dynamics of salt marsh channels. Finally, salt marshes are highly sensitive to the effects of long-term climatic change. We therefore discuss in detail how numerical models have been used to determine salt marsh survival under different scenarios of sea level rise. C1 [Fagherazzi, Sergio] Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fagherazzi, Sergio] Boston Univ, Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Mudd, Simon M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Inst Geog, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Temmerman, Stijn] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [D'Alpaos, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [van de Koppel, Johan] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Spatial Ecol Dept, NIOO KNAW, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands. [Rybczyk, John M.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Reyes, Enrique] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Craft, Chris] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Clough, Jonathan] Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Warren, VT 05674 USA. RP Fagherazzi, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sergio@bu.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Mudd, Simon/F-8521-2010; Van de Koppel, Johan/E-7266-2010; D'Alpaos, Andrea/F-3161-2012; Fagherazzi, Sergio/K-4245-2016; Temmerman, Stijn/C-5521-2009 OI Mudd, Simon/0000-0002-1357-8501; D'Alpaos, Andrea/0000-0003-1172-8278; Fagherazzi, Sergio/0000-0002-4048-5968; FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0924287, OCE 0923689]; VCR-LTER [DEB 0621014]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0269]; U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program FX S.F. was supported by the National Science Foundation, LENS project awards OCE 0924287 and OCE 0923689, the VCR-LTER program award DEB 0621014, and by the Office of Naval Research award N00014-10-1-0269. G.R.G. and M.L.K. gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. NR 194 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 14 U2 148 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD JAN 6 PY 2012 VL 50 AR RG1002 DI 10.1029/2011RG000359 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 874HI UT WOS:000298945600001 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Wald, DJ Johnson, RL AF Hayes, Gavin P. Wald, David J. Johnson, Rebecca L. TI Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CHILEAN MARGIN; A-PRIORI; EARTHQUAKE; BENEATH; MANTLE; PLATE; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS; DEPTH; JAPAN AB We describe and present a new model of global subduction zone geometries, called Slab1.0. An extension of previous efforts to constrain the two-dimensional non-planar geometry of subduction zones around the focus of large earthquakes, Slab1.0 describes the detailed, non-planar, three-dimensional geometry of approximately 85% of subduction zones worldwide. While the model focuses on the detailed form of each slab from their trenches through the seismogenic zone, where it combines data sets from active source and passive seismology, it also continues to the limits of their seismic extent in the upper-mid mantle, providing a uniform approach to the definition of the entire seismically active slab geometry. Examples are shown for two well-constrained global locations; models for many other regions are available and can be freely downloaded in several formats from our new Slab1.0 website, http://on.doi.gov/d9ARbS. We describe improvements in our two-dimensional geometry constraint inversion, including the use of 'average' active source seismic data profiles in the shallow trench regions where data are otherwise lacking, derived from the interpolation between other active source seismic data along-strike in the same subduction zone. We include several analyses of the uncertainty and robustness of our three-dimensional interpolation methods. In addition, we use the filtered, subduction-related earthquake data sets compiled to build Slab1.0 in a reassessment of previous analyses of the deep limit of the thrust interface seismogenic zone for all subduction zones included in our global model thus far, concluding that the width of these seismogenic zones is on average 30% larger than previous studies have suggested. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Wald, David J.; Johnson, Rebecca L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov; wald@usgs.gov; rljohnson@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 316 Z9 318 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 4 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B01302 DI 10.1029/2011JB008524 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 875CD UT WOS:000299006700003 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL Kimball, BA Waton-Day, K Verplanck, PL Broshears, RE AF Runkel, Robert L. Kimball, Briant A. Waton-Day, Katherine Verplanck, Philip L. Broshears, Robert E. TI Evaluating Remedial Alternatives for an Acid Mine Drainage Stream: A Model Post Audit SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER-QUALITY; SORPTION; SURFACE; IRON; GROUNDWATER; SIMULATION; POSTAUDIT; GOETHITE; REMOVAL AB A post audit for a reactive transport model used to evaluate acid mine drainage treatment systems is presented herein. The post audit is based on a paired synoptic approach in which hydrogeochemical data are collected at low (existing conditions) and elevated (following treatment) pH. Data obtained under existing, low-pH conditions are used for calibration, and the resultant model is used to predict metal concentrations observed following treatment. Predictions for Al, As, Fe, H+, and Pb accurately reproduce the observed reduction in dissolved concentrations afforded by the treatment system, and the information provided in regard to standard attainment is also accurate (predictions correctly indicate attainment or nonattainment of water quality standards for 19 of 25 cases). Errors associated with Cd, Cu, and Zn are attributed to misspecification of sorbent mass (precipitated Fe). In addition to these specific results, the post audit provides insight in regard to calibration and sensitivity analysis that is contrary to conventional wisdom. Steps taken during the calibration process to improve simulations of As sorption were ultimately detrimental to the predictive results, for example, and the sensitivity analysis failed to bracket observed metal concentrations. C1 [Runkel, Robert L.; Waton-Day, Katherine; Verplanck, Philip L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Broshears, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM runkel@usgs.gov FU USGS; San Juan County; San Juan RCD; U.S. EPA FX We acknowledge the support of the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, San Juan County, San Juan RC&D, and U.S. EPA. Numerous individuals contributed to this study (see Supporting Information); helpful review comments were provided by Kirk Nordstrom and three anonymous reviewers. Opening photograph credited to P.L.V. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1021/es2038504 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871UJ UT WOS:000298762900046 PM 22074087 ER PT S AU Chou, IM AF Chou, I-Ming BE Dubessy, J Caumon, MC Rull, F TI Optical cells with fused silica windows for the study of geological fluids SO APPLICATIONS OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY TO EARTH SCIENCES AND CULTURAL HERITAGE SE European Mineralogical Union Notes in Mineralogy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference of the European-Mineralogical-Union (EMU) School on Applications of Raman Spectroscopy to Earth Sciences and Cultural Heritage CY JUN 14-16, 2012 CL Univ Lorraine, Nancy, FRANCE SP European Mineral Union, French Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Soc Francaise Mineralogie & Cristallographie HO Univ Lorraine ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION; PRESSURE DETERMINATION; GAS-MIXTURES; IN-SITU; METHANE; INCLUSIONS; HYDRATE; SYSTEM; CALIBRATION AB Two types of optical cells with fused silica windows are described for study of geological fluids at temperatures (T) up to 600 degrees C and pressures (P) up to 1 kbar. One is the high-pressure optical cell (HPOC), in which fluids of known composition can be loaded directly into the cell and its pressure can be adjusted and measured. The other is the fused silica capillary capsule (FSCC), which contains sample fluid with both ends of the tube flame sealed. Both types of cells can be inserted into a heating-cooling stage (USGS-type, the newly developed stage from INSTEC or that from Linkam) for in situ observations and Raman spectroscopic analyses at various P-T conditions. The HPOC has been applied to measure the solubility and diffusion of methane in water, the solubility of methane hydrate in water, and methane pressures in fluid samples. It is also very useful for providing fluid standards with known composition and pressure for the calibration of Raman spectroscopic systems before quantitative analyses. The FSCC is particularly useful for samples which need to be reacted at elevated P-T conditions for long periods of time (days or weeks). These two types of optical cells with fused silica windows are particularly suitable for the study of organic systems and also for systems containing sulphur. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imchou@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 1417-2917 BN 978-0-903056-31-1 J9 EMU NOTES MINERALOG PY 2012 VL 12 BP 227 EP 247 DI 10.1180/EMU-notes.12.6 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Geology; Spectroscopy GA BHX15 UT WOS:000326899600006 ER PT S AU Schmidt, C Chou, IM AF Schmidt, Christian Chou, I-Ming BE Dubessy, J Caumon, MC Rull, F TI The Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell (HDAC) for Raman spectroscopic studies of geological fluids at high pressures and temperatures SO APPLICATIONS OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY TO EARTH SCIENCES AND CULTURAL HERITAGE SE European Mineralogical Union Notes in Mineralogy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference of the European-Mineralogical-Union (EMU) School on Applications of Raman Spectroscopy to Earth Sciences and Cultural Heritage CY JUN 14-16, 2012 CL Univ Lorraine, Nancy, FRANCE SP European Mineral Union, French Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Soc Francaise Mineralogie & Cristallographie HO Univ Lorraine ID CUBIC BORON-NITRIDE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION XRF; ORDINARY WATER SUBSTANCE; SATURATED AQUEOUS FLUID; IN-SITU DETERMINATION; 500 DEGREES-C; SILICATE MELTS; SM-YAG; UPPER-MANTLE; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS AB In this chapter, we describe the hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC), which is specifically designed for experiments on systems with aqueous fluids to temperatures up to similar to 1000 degrees C and pressures up to a few GPa to tens of GPa. This cell permits optical observation of the sample and the in situ determination of properties by 'photon-in - photon-out' techniques such as Raman spectroscopy. Several methods for pressure measurement are discussed in detail including the Raman spectroscopic pressure sensors a-quartz, berlinite, zircon, cubic boron nitride (c-BN), and C-13-diamond, the fluorescence sensors ruby (alpha-Al2O3:Cr3+), Sm:YAG (Y3Al5O12:Sm3+) and SrB4O7:Sm2+, and measurements of phase-transition temperatures. Furthermore, we give an overview of published Raman spectroscopic studies of geological fluids to high pressures and temperatures, in which diamond anvil cells were applied. C1 [Schmidt, Christian] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Sect Chem & Phys Earth Mat 3 3, Telegrafenberg D324, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geological Survey, Reston 20192, VA USA. RP Schmidt, C (reprint author), Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Sect Chem & Phys Earth Mat 3 3, Telegrafenberg D324, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM Christian.Schmidt@gfz-potsdam.de; imchou@usgs.gov NR 155 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 1417-2917 BN 978-0-903056-31-1 J9 EMU NOTES MINERALOG PY 2012 VL 12 BP 249 EP 278 DI 10.1180/EMU-notes.12.7 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Geology; Spectroscopy GA BHX15 UT WOS:000326899600007 ER PT J AU Krigsman, LM Yoklavich, MM Dick, EJ Cochrane, GR AF Krigsman, Lisa M. Yoklavich, Mary M. Dick, E. J. Cochrane, Guy R. TI Models and maps: predicting the distribution of corals and other benthic macro-invertebrates in shelf habitats SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California Seafloor Mapping Project; deep-sea corals; generalized linear models; predictive species distribution maps ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODEL; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SUITABLE HABITAT; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; BANK AB Presence-absence data of benthic macro-invertebrates and associated habitat (i.e., sediment type and depth) were collected using a towed camera sled in selected areas along the coast off southern California. Using this information, we developed generalized linear models (GLMs) to predict the probability of occurrence of five commonly observed taxa (cup corals, hydroids, short and tall sea pens, and brittle stars in the sediment) within the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC). We employed a utility-based approach to validate the models and to identify optimal cutoff thresholds for the GLM predictions, given a relative cost of false negatives and false positives. We present optimal cutoff values under a range of cost ratios. Out-of-sample predictive accuracy, assuming equal costs of false negatives and false positives, ranged from 75% to 89%. Estimated area under the characteristic curve (AUC) in our models ranged from 0.76 for brittle stars in sediment to 0.91 for cup corals. An AUC value above 0.7 is an acceptable level of performance, between 0.8 and 0.9 is excellent, and above 0.9 is outstanding. We developed predictive maps of probability of occurrence using our validated models and a seafloor character map based on fine-scale (2-5 m) data. Cup corals and hydroids had high predicted probabilities of occurrence in areas of hard substrata, while short and tall sea pens were predicted to occur in parts of the SBC that had unconsolidated and mixed sediment. Our model predicted that brittle stars would occur throughout the entire channel on various bottom types. The combination of high-resolution seafloor character maps and predictive models of invertebrate distributions will aid managers in identifying habitats of particular concern and areas with vulnerable, deep-sea corals. Our models will be useful for marine spatial planning and ecosystem-based management, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of essential fish habitat closures and other marine protected areas. C1 [Krigsman, Lisa M.; Yoklavich, Mary M.; Dick, E. J.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Cochrane, Guy R.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Krigsman, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lisa.krigsman@noaa.gov FU NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation; NOAA Deep Sea Coral Program; USGS Pacific Science Center; California Ocean Protection Council FX This project was made possible with the generous support and assistance from the following people: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-P. Dartnell, B. Edwards, N. Golden, S. Johnson, and E. Phillips; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)-H. Davis, C. Grimes, D. Huff, T. Laidig, S. Sogard, and D. Watters; San Jose State University-S. Bros-Seeman; University of California, Santa Cruz-P. Raimondi; and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary-Crew of the R/V Shearwater. Helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers on a draft of this manuscript were much appreciated. Supplemental funds were provided by NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation, NOAA Deep Sea Coral Program, USGS Pacific Science Center, and the California Ocean Protection Council. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 AR UNSP 3 DI 10.1890/ES11-00295.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256GT UT WOS:000327298400003 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Rayburn, AP Edwards, TC AF Wilson, Tammy L. Rayburn, Andrew P. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. TI Spatial ecology of refuge selection by an herbivore under risk of predation SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE burrow; Brachylagus idahoensis; foraging theory; K-function; point pattern analysis; prey; resource selection; semi-fossorial mammal; Utah; USA ID RABBITS BRACHYLAGUS-IDAHOENSIS; PYGMY RABBITS; HABITAT SELECTION; ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; PATTERN-ANALYSIS; HOME-RANGE; SPACE USE; PREDICTIONS AB Prey species use structures such as burrows to minimize predation risk. The spatial arrangement of these resources can have important implications for individual and population fitness. For example, there is evidence that clustered resources can benefit individuals by reducing predation risk and increasing foraging opportunity concurrently, which leads to higher population density. However, the scale of clustering that is important in these processes has been ignored during theoretical and empirical development of resource models. Ecological understanding of refuge exploitation by prey can be improved by spatial analysis of refuge use and availability that incorporates the effect of scale. We measured the spatial distribution of pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) refugia (burrows) through censuses in four 6-ha sites. Point pattern analyses were used to evaluate burrow selection by comparing the spatial distribution of used and available burrows. The presence of food resources and additional overstory cover resources was further examined using logistic regression. Burrows were spatially clustered at scales up to approximately 25 m, and then regularly spaced at distances beyond similar to 40 m. Pygmy rabbit exploitation of burrows did not match availability. Burrows used by pygmy rabbits were likely to be located in areas with high overall burrow density (resource clusters) and high overstory cover, which together minimized predation risk. However, in some cases we observed an interaction between either overstory cover (safety) or understory cover (forage) and burrow density. The interactions show that pygmy rabbits will use burrows in areas with low relative burrow density (high relative predation risk) if understory food resources are high. This points to a potential trade-off whereby rabbits must sacrifice some safety afforded by additional nearby burrows to obtain ample forage resources. Observed patterns of clustered burrows and non-random burrow use improve understanding of the importance of spatial distribution of refugia for burrowing herbivores. The analyses used allowed for the estimation of the spatial scale where subtle trade-offs between predation avoidance and foraging opportunity are likely to occur in a natural system. C1 [Wilson, Tammy L.; Rayburn, Andrew P.; Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wilson, Tammy L.; Rayburn, Andrew P.; Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Southwest Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network, 240 West 5th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM t.w@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Utah State University Ecology Center; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We extend thanks to R. Groll and the landowners of the Duck Creek allotment for access to private lands. Research was funded by the Utah State University Ecology Center and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Technicians G. Diamond, E. Goss, S. Hunt, R. Pyles, C. Simeon, and S. Weston assisted with field work. The RS/GIS lab, especially T.B. Murphy and C. Gerrard, assisted with the GPS unit and burrow analyses. A. J. Leffler helped with field work and provided valuable input on early drafts. We thank R. T. Larsen and M. B. Hooten for providing valuable comments during FSP review, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful insights. Mention of specific products and services does not constitute endorsement by the United States Government or U.S. Geological Survey. Procedures were approved by the Utah State University Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #1258). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 AR UNSP 6 DI 10.1890/ES11-00247.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256GT UT WOS:000327298400006 ER PT S AU Stuckless, JS Levich, RA AF Stuckless, John S. Levich, Robert A. BE Stuckless, JS TI Characterizing the proposed geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada-Hydrology and geochemistry SO HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISPOSAL; ZONES AB This hydrology and geochemistry volume is a companion volume to the 2007 Geological Society of America Memoir 199, The Geology and Climatology of Yucca Mountain and Vicinity, Southern Nevada and California, edited by Stuckless and Levich. The work in both volumes was originally reported in the U. S. Department of Energy regulatory document Yucca Mountain Site Description, for the site characterization study of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as the proposed U. S. geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. The selection of Yucca Mountain resulted from a nationwide search and numerous committee studies during a period of more than 40 yr. The waste, largely from commercial nuclear power reactors and the government's nuclear weapons programs, is characterized by intense penetrating radiation and high heat production, and, therefore, it must be isolated from the biosphere for tens of thousands of years. The extensive, unique, and often innovative geoscience investigations conducted at Yucca Mountain for more than 20 yr make it one of the most thoroughly studied geologic features on Earth. The results of these investigations contribute extensive knowledge to the hydrologic and geochemical aspects of radioactive waste disposal in the unsaturated zone. The science, analyses, and interpretations are important not only to Yucca Mountain, but also to the assessment of other sites or alternative processes that may be considered for waste disposal in the future. Groundwater conditions, processes, and geochemistry, especially in combination with the heat from radionuclide decay, are integral to the ability of a repository to isolate waste. Hydrology and geochemistry are discussed here in chapters on unsaturated zone hydrology, saturated zone hydrology, paleohydrology, hydrochemistry, radionuclide transport, and thermally driven coupled processes affecting long-term waste isolation. This introductory chapter reviews some of the reasons for choosing to study Yucca Mountain as a repository site. C1 [Stuckless, John S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Levich, Robert A.] US DOE, Las Vegas, NV 89107 USA. RP Stuckless, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 421, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1209-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 209 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1130/2012.1209(01) D2 10.1130/9780813712093 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BHX41 UT WOS:000326933300001 ER PT S AU LeCain, GD Stuckless, JS AF LeCain, Gary D. Stuckless, John S. BE Stuckless, JS TI Hydrology of the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCALE HEATER TEST; FRACTURED ROCKS; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; CONTINUUM APPROACH; LIQUID-RELEASE; MODELING FLOW; TRANSPORT; DRIFT; WATER; SITE AB The unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain was investigated as a possible site for the nation's first high-level nuclear waste repository. Scientific investigations included infiltration studies, matrix properties testing, borehole testing and monitoring, underground excavation and testing, and the development of conceptual and numerical models of the hydrologic processes at Yucca Mountain. Infiltration estimates by empirical and geochemical methods range from 0.2 to 1.4 mm/yr and 0.2-6.0 mm/yr, respectively. Infiltration estimates from numerical models range from 4.5 mm/yr to 17.6 mm/yr. Rock matrix properties vary vertically and laterally as the result of depositional processes and subsequent postdepositional alteration. Laboratory tests indicate that the average matrix porosity and hydraulic conductivity values for the main level of the proposed repository (Topopah Spring Tuff middle nonlithophysal zone) are 0.08 and 4.7 x 10(-12) m/s, respectively. In situ fracture hydraulic conductivity values are 3-6 orders of magnitude greater. The permeability of fault zones is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of the surrounding rock unit. Water samples from the fault zones have tritium concentrations that indicate some component of postnuclear testing. Gas and water vapor movement through the unsaturated zone is driven by changes in barometric pressure, temperature-induced density differences, and wind effects. The subsurface pressure response to surface barometric changes is controlled by the distribution and interconnectedness of fractures, the presence of faults and their ability to conduct gas and vapor, and the moisture content and matrix permeability of the rock units. In situ water potential values are generally less than -0.2 MPa (-2 bar), and the water potential gradients in the Topopah Spring Tuff units are very small. Perched-water zones at Yucca Mountain are associated with the basal vitrophyre of the Topopah Spring Tuff or the Calico Hills bedded tuff. Thermal gradients in the unsaturated zone vary with location, and range from similar to 2.0 degrees C to 6.0 degrees C per 100 m; the variability appears to be associated with topography. Large-scale heater testing identified a heat-pipe signature at similar to 97 degrees C, and identified thermally induced and excavation-induced changes in the stress field. Elevated gas-phase CO2 concentrations and a decrease in the pH of water from the condensation zone also were identified. Conceptual and numerical flow and transport models of Yucca Mountain indicate that infiltration is highly variable, both spatially and temporally. Flow in the unsaturated zone is predominately through fractures in the welded units of the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring Tuffs and predominately through the matrix in the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded units and Calico Hills Formation. Isolated, transient, fast-flow paths, such as faults, do exist but probably carry only a small portion of the total liquid-water flux at Yucca Mountain. The Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded units act as a storage buffer for transient infiltration pulses. Faults may act as flow boundaries and/or fast pathways. Below the proposed repository horizon, low-permeability lithostratigraphic units of the Topopah Spring Tuff and/or the Calico Hills Formation may divert flow laterally to faults that act as conduits to the water table. Advective transport pathways are consistent with flow pathways. Matrix diffusion is the major mechanism for mass transfer between fractures and the matrix and may contribute to retardation of radionuclide transport when fracture flow is dominant. Sorption may retard the movement of radionuclides in the unsaturated zone; however, sorption on mobile colloids may enhance radionuclide transport. Dispersion is not expected to be a major transport mechanism in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. Natural analogue studies support the concepts that percolating water may be diverted around underground openings and that the percentage of infiltration that becomes seepage decreases as infiltration decreases. C1 [LeCain, Gary D.; Stuckless, John S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP LeCain, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 406,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 176 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1209-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 209 BP 9 EP 72 DI 10.1130/2012.1209(02) D2 10.1130/9780813712093 PG 64 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BHX41 UT WOS:000326933300002 ER PT S AU Belcher, WR Stuckless, JS James, SC AF Belcher, Wayne R. Stuckless, John S. James, Scott C. BE Stuckless, JS TI The saturated zone hydrology of Yucca Mountain and the surrounding area, southern Nevada and adjacent areas of California, USA SO HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEVILS-HOLE; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; GROUNDWATER SYSTEM; RECHARGE; SITE; FLOW; FRAMEWORK; POROSITY; AQUIFER; MODELS AB In 2002, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, was selected as the proposed site for the U.S. high-level nuclear waste repository. Yucca Mountain lies within a large topographically closed basin, in which surface water is internally drained. Groundwater, however, can and does flow into and out of this basin at depth through a regional carbonate-rock aquifer (commonly referred to as the lower carbonate-rock aquifer). Most groundwater recharge (water infiltrating downward through the unsaturated zone into the water table) originates in the highlands north of Yucca Mountain and flows generally southward. Some groundwater discharges within the basin, as in Oasis Valley and the southern Amargosa Desert, but the ultimate discharge is in Death Valley, where water is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration. Groundwater flows through a heterogeneous medium produced by a complex geologic history including both compressional and extensional tectonics. For hydrologic purposes, the rocks and alluvium are divided into 25 hydrogeologic units. Regionally, the most important unit for regional groundwater flow is composed of Paleozoic carbonate rocks, which are locally separated into two aquifers by an intervening shale. Rocks of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field form thick deposits in the northern part of the basin, and these rocks host both aquifers and confining units. The potentiometric surface of the site-scale flow system contains areas of large hydraulic gradient (as great as 0.13) and small hydraulic gradient (as small as 0.0001). Both extremes are found within the Yucca Mountain site area, where they are well constrained by numerous boreholes. At Yucca Mountain, a single borehole penetrates to the regional carbonate-rock aquifer, and, at this locality, the hydraulic head at depth is 20 m greater than in the overlying volcanic rocks. This head difference is likely widespread, as indicated by thermal highs at the groundwater table in the vicinity of block-bounding faults, where upward leakage of water from the regional carbonate-rock aquifer is postulated. Since the early 1980s, numerous two-and three-dimensional flow models have been developed to depict regional groundwater flow. A 2004 transient flow model of the Death Valley region has 16 layers and a 1500 m/side horizontal grid; it is composed of 194 rows and 160 columns. The model was first calibrated to a steady-state condition and then to transient conditions. The model matches observed flow patterns well, and it generally agrees with measured water levels except in areas of large hydraulic gradient. The regional model provides the boundary conditions for a detailed site-scale flow model. The finite-element heat and mass transfer code, FEHM v2.24, was used to simulate flow through the saturated zone at Yucca Mountain. Cells in the site-scale model are 250 m/side in the horizontal grid; it is composed of 181 rows and 121 columns. The model may use as many as 67 layers, but the framework model allows a stair-stepped ground surface, so the number of layers is variable. Layer thickness ranges from 600 m at the bottom of the model to 10 m south of Yucca Mountain. The site-scale flow model was constructed and calibrated, matching observed hydrologic data well. The site-scale flow model provides a means for assessing the hypothetical flow path for any radioactive materials originating from the proposed repository. C1 [Belcher, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Stuckless, John S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [James, Scott C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Belcher, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 183 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1209-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 209 BP 73 EP 142 DI 10.1130/2012.1209(03) D2 10.1130/9780813712093 PG 70 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BHX41 UT WOS:000326933300003 ER PT S AU Marshall, BD Moscati, RJ Patterson, GL AF Marshall, Brian D. Moscati, Richard J. Patterson, Gary L. BE Stuckless, JS TI Fluid geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity SO HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; UNSATURATED-ZONE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; DEATH-VALLEY; U-SERIES; MODERN PRECIPITATION; INTERBASIN FLOW; LOCAL RECHARGE; NEVADA; USA AB Yucca Mountain, a site in southwest Nevada, has been proposed for a deep underground radioactive waste repository. An extensive database of geochemical and isotopic characteristics has been established for pore waters and gases from the unsaturated zone, perched water, and saturated zone waters in the Yucca Mountain area. The development of this database has been driven by diverse needs of the Yucca Mountain Project, especially those aspects of the project involving process modeling and performance assessment. Water and gas chemistries influence the sorption behavior of radionuclides and the solubility of the radionuclide compounds that form. The chemistry of waters that may infiltrate the proposed repository will be determined in part by that of water present in the unsaturated zone above the proposed repository horizon, whereas pore-water compositions beneath the repository horizon will influence the sorption behavior of the radionuclides transported toward the water table. However, more relevant to the discussion in this chapter, development and testing of conceptual flow and transport models for the Yucca Mountain hydrologic system are strengthened through the incorporation of natural environmental tracer data into the process. Chemical and isotopic data are used to establish bounds on key hydrologic parameters and to provide corroborative evidence for model assumptions and predictions. Examples of specific issues addressed by these data include spatial and temporal variability in net fluxes, the role of faults in controlling flow paths, fracture-matrix interactions, the age and origin of perched water, and the distribution of water traveltimes. C1 [Marshall, Brian D.; Moscati, Richard J.; Patterson, Gary L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Marshall, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 421, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 138 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1209-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 209 BP 143 EP 218 DI 10.1130/2012.1209(04) D2 10.1130/9780813712093 PG 76 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BHX41 UT WOS:000326933300004 ER PT S AU Paces, JB Whelan, JF AF Paces, James B. Whelan, Joseph F. BE Stuckless, JS TI The paleohydrology of unsaturated and saturated zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and vicinity SO HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; SILICA MINERAL FORMATION; SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; NUCLEAR-WASTE SITE; PAST INFILTRATION FLUXES; SECONDARY CALCITE; U-SERIES; DEVILS-HOLE; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA AB Surface, unsaturated-zone, and saturated-zone hydrologic conditions at Yucca Mountain responded to past climate variations and are at least partly preserved by sediment, fossil, and mineral records. Characterizing past hydrologic conditions in surface and subsurface environments helps to constrain hydrologic responses expected under future climate conditions and improve predictions of repository performance. Furthermore, these records provide a better understanding of hydrologic processes that operate at time scales not readily measured by other means. Pleistocene climates in southern Nevada were predominantly wetter and colder than the current interglacial period. Cyclic episodes of aggradation and incision in Fortymile Wash, which drains the eastern slope of Yucca Mountain, are closely linked to Pleistocene climate cycles. Formation of pedogenic cement is favored under wetter Pleistocene climates, consistent with increased soil moisture and vegetation, higher chemical solubility, and greater evapotranspiration relative to Holocene soil conditions. The distribution and geochemistry of secondary minerals in subsurface fractures and cavities reflect unsaturated-zone hydrologic conditions and the response of the hydrogeologic system to changes in temperature and percolation flux over the last 12.8 m.y. Physical and fluid-inclusion evidence indicates that secondary calcite and opal formed in air-filled cavities from fluids percolating downward through connected fracture pathways in the unsaturated zone. Oxygen, strontium, and carbon isotope data from calcite are consistent with a descending meteoric water source but also indicate that water compositions and temperatures evolved through time. Geochronological data indicate that secondary mineral growth rates are less than 1-5 mm/m.y., and have remained approximately uniform over the last 10 m.y. or longer. These data are interpreted as evidence for hydrological stability despite large differences in surface moisture caused by climate shifts between the Miocene and Pleistocene and between Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. Secondary mineral distribution and delta O-18 profiles indicate that evaporation in the shallower welded tuffs reduces infiltration fluxes. Several near-surface and subsurface processes likely are responsible for diverting or dampening infiltration and percolation, resulting in buffering of percolation fluxes to the deeper unsaturated zone. Cooler and wetter Pleistocene climates resulted in increased recharge in upland areas and higher water tables at Yucca Mountain and throughout the region. Discharge deposits in the Amargosa Desert were active during glacial periods, but only in areas where the modern water table is within 7-30 m of the surface. Published groundwater models simulate water-table rises beneath Yucca Mountain of as much as 150 m during glacial climates. However, most evidence from Fortymile Canyon up gradient from Yucca Mountain limits water-table rises to 30 m or less, which is consistent with evidence from discharge sites in the Amargosa Desert. The isotopic compositions of uranium in tuffs spanning the water table in two Yucca Mountain boreholes indicate that Pleistocene water-table rises likely were restricted to 25-50 m above modern positions and are in approximate agreement with water-table rises estimated from zeolitic-to-vitric transitions in the Yucca Mountain tuffs (less than 60 m in the last 11.6 m.y.). C1 [Paces, James B.; Whelan, Joseph F.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Paces, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 235 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1209-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 209 BP 219 EP 276 DI 10.1130/2012.1209(05) D2 10.1130/9780813712093 PG 58 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BHX41 UT WOS:000326933300005 ER PT S AU Simmons, AM Neymark, LA AF Simmons, Ardyth M. Neymark, Leonid A. BE Stuckless, JS TI Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport SO HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALLEY CALDERA COMPLEX; NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD; GRANITIC GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS; NUCLEAR-WASTE REPOSITORY; SILICA MINERAL FORMATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; PENA-BLANCA DISTRICT; TOPOPAH SPRING TUFF; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; YUCCA MOUNTAIN AB Characteristics of host rocks, secondary minerals, and fluids would affect the transport of radionuclides from a previously proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Minerals in the Yucca Mountain tuffs that are important for retarding radionuclides include clinoptilolite and mordenite (zeolites), clay minerals, and iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides. Water compositions along flow paths beneath Yucca Mountain are controlled by dissolution reactions, silica and calcite precipitation, and ion-exchange reactions. Radionuclide concentrations along flow paths from a repository could be limited by (1) low waste-form dissolution rates, (2) low radionuclide solubility, and (3) radionuclide sorption onto geological media. The chief sources of radioactivity in spent nuclear fuel are americium, plutonium, and neptunium. Therefore, studies have concentrated on their geochemical mobility. Uranium-233, uranium-234, iodine-129, technetium-99, and other radionuclides also have been included in some experiments. Solubilities were determined experimentally in representative Yucca Mountain waters. Sorption coefficients were determined using water, rock, and pure mineral samples from Yucca Mountain. Batch experiments were performed at several pH levels and oxidizing conditions. Dynamic transport-column experiments, diffusion experiments, and solid-rock beaker experiments also were conducted. The batch tests gave slightly lower retardation factors than those derived from column-breakthrough experiments. This finding indicates that using batch-sorption coefficients to predict radionuclide transport will yield conservative results in a performance assessment. Understanding of unsaturated-zone transport is based on laboratory and field-scale experiments. Fractures provide advective transport pathways. Sorption and matrix diffusion may contribute to retardation of radionuclides. Conversely, sorption onto mobile colloids may enhance radionuclide transport. C1 [Simmons, Ardyth M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Neymark, Leonid A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ardythms@aol.com NR 277 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1209-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 209 BP 277 EP 362 DI 10.1130/2012.1209(06) D2 10.1130/9780813712093 PG 86 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BHX41 UT WOS:000326933300006 ER PT S AU Vanderwerff, K Montanaro, M AF Vanderwerff, Kelly Montanaro, Matthew BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Dark and Background Response Stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVII CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat; LDCM; TIRS; Stability AB The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) is a pushbroom sensor that will be a part of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), which is a joint mission between NASA and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). The TIRS instrument will continue the archive of thermal infrared data that was established by the Landsat missions, including the Thematic Mapper and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on Landsats 5 and 7, respectively. One of the key requirements of the new sensor is that the dark and background response be stable to ensure proper data continuity from the legacy Landsat instruments. Pre-launch testing of the instrument has recently been completed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), which included calibration collects that mimic those that will be performed on orbit. These collects include images of a cold plate meant to simulate the deep space calibration source as viewed by the instrument in flight. These data give insight into the stability of the instrument's dark and background response, as well as factors that may cause these responses to vary. Analysis in this paper quantitatively shows using pre-launch data that the dark and background response of TIRS is stable to within approximately 0.05 W/(m(2) sr mu m) if certain instrument components are stable to within 2 K. C1 [Vanderwerff, Kelly] SGT Inc, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Vanderwerff, K (reprint author), SGT Inc, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kvanderwerff@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9227-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8510 AR 85100A DI 10.1117/12.930139 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHU72 UT WOS:000326699000009 ER PT S AU Riggs, NR Barth, AP Gonzalez-Leon, CM Jacobson, CE Wooden, JL Howell, ER Walker, JD AF Riggs, Nancy R. Barth, Andrew P. Gonzalez-Leon, Carlos M. Jacobson, Carl E. Wooden, Joseph L. Howell, Evan R. Walker, J. Douglas BE Rasbury, ET Hemming, SR Riggs, NR TI Provenance of Upper Triassic strata in southwestern North America as suggested by isotopic analysis and chemistry of zircon crystals SO MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL APPROACHES TO PROVENANCE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; MCCOY MOUNTAINS FORMATION; MOJAVE DESERT REGION; CHINLE FORMATION; TRACE-ELEMENT; DETRITAL ZIRCON; SIERRA-NEVADA; GRANITIC-ROCKS; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA AB The source of volcanic material in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation on the Colorado Plateau has long been speculated upon, largely owing to the absence of similar-age volcanic or plutonic material cropping out closer than several hundred kilometers distant. These strata, however, together with Upper Triassic formations within El Antimonio and Barranca Group sedimentary rocks in northern Sonora, Mexico, yield important clues about the inception of Cordilleran magmatism in Triassic time. Volcanic clasts in the Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation range in age from ca.235 to ca.218 Ma. Geochemistry of the volcanic clasts documents a hydrothermally altered source region for these clasts. Detrital zircons in the Sonsela Member sandstone are of similar age to the clasts, as are detrital zircons from the El Antimonio and Barranca Groups in Sonora. Most noteworthy about the Colorado Plateau Triassic zircons, however, are their Th/U ratios, which range from similar to 1 to 3.5 in both clast and detrital zircons. Thorium/uranium ratios in the Sonoran zircons, in contrast, range from similar to 0.4 to similar to 1. These data, together with rare-earth-element geochemistry of the zircons, shed light on likely provenance. Geochemical comparisons support correlation of clasts in the Sonsela Member with Triassic plutons in the Mojave Desert in California that are of the same age. Zircons from these Triassic plutons have relatively low Th/U ratios, which correspond well with values from El Antimonio and Barranca Group sedimentary rocks, and support derivation of the strata, at least in part, from northern sources. The Sonsela Member zircons, in contrast, match Th/U values obtained from Proterozoic through Miocene volcanic, volcaniclastic, and plutonic rocks in the eastern and central Mojave Desert. Similarly, rare-earth-element compositions of zircons from Jurassic ignimbrites in the Mojave Desert, though overlapping those of zircons from Mojave Desert plutons, also closely resemble those from Sonsela Member zircons. We use these data to speculate that erosion of Triassic volcanic fi elds in the central to eastern Mojave Desert shed detritus that became incorporated into the Chinle Formation on the Colorado Plateau. C1 [Riggs, Nancy R.; Howell, Evan R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Barth, Andrew P.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Gonzalez-Leon, Carlos M.] UNAM, Inst Geol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Jacobson, Carl E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] USGS Stanford Ion Microprobe Facil, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Walker, J. Douglas] Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Riggs, NR (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM nancy.riggs@nau.edu OI Gonzalez-Leon, Carlos M./0000-0002-4982-8015 NR 83 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2487-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2012 VL 487 BP 13 EP 36 DI 10.1130/2012.2487(02) D2 10.1130/9780813724874 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BHW13 UT WOS:000326811400003 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI Exploring the Earth's Crust-History and Results of Controlled-Source Seismology Introduction and Acknowledgments SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID DEEP SEISMIC-REFLECTION; EAST PACIFIC RISE; UPPER-MANTLE STRUCTURE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; WIDE-ANGLE REFLECTION; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TRANS-HUDSON-OROGEN; EUROPEAN SUTURE ZONE; OCEAN-CONTINENT TRANSITION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 2243 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 3 EP + D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 62 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400001 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI History of Controlled-Source Seismology-A Brief Summary SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 7 EP 46 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 40 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400002 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The First 100 Years (1845-1945) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 47 EP 58 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400003 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The 1940s (1940-1950) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 59 EP 69 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400004 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The 1950s (1950-1960) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 71 EP 111 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 41 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400005 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The 1960s (1960-1970) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 113 EP 198 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 86 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400006 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The 1970s (1970-1980) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 199 EP 310 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 112 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400007 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The 1980s (1980-1990) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 311 EP 442 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 132 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400008 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The 1990s (1990-2000) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 443 EP 652 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 210 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400009 ER PT S AU Prodehl, C Mooney, WD AF Prodehl, Claus Mooney, Walter D. BA Prodehl, C Mooney, WD BF Prodehl, C Mooney, WD TI The Twenty-first Century (2000-2005) SO EXPLORING THE EARTH'S CRUST - HISTORY AND RESULTS OF CONTROLLED-SOURCE SEISMOLOGY SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Prodehl, Claus] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prodehl, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Hertzstr 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1208-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2012 VL 208 BP 653 EP 705 D2 10.1130/9780813712086 PG 53 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BGV93 UT WOS:000324329400010 ER PT J AU Simek, JF Cressler, A Douglas, J AF Simek, Jan F. Cressler, Alan Douglas, Joseph BE Moyes, H TI A New Overview of Prehistoric Cave Art in the Southeast SO SACRED DARKNESS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RITUAL USE OF CAVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIRECT-HISTORICAL APPROACH; UNITED-STATES; UNNAMED CAVE; ARCHAEOLOGY C1 [Simek, Jan F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cressler, Alan] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Douglas, Joseph] Volunteer Community Coll, Dept Hist, Gallatin, TN USA. RP Simek, JF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 5589 ARAPAHOE AVE, STE 206C, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA BN 978-1-60732-178-1 PY 2012 BP 195 EP 209 PG 15 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA BGJ82 UT WOS:000323249000015 ER PT J AU Todd, BJ Valentine, PC AF Todd, Brian J. Valentine, Page C. BE Harris, PT Baker, EK TI Large Submarine Sand Waves and Gravel Lag Substrates on Georges Bank Off Atlantic Canada SO SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHOLOGY AS BENTHIC HABITAT: GEOHAB ATLAS OF SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHIC FEATURES AND BENTHIC HABITATS SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Georges Bank; sand wave; barchan; gravel lag; sediment mobility; habitat AB Georges Bank is a large, shallow, continental shelf feature offshore of New England and Atlantic Canada. The bank is mantled with a veneer of glacial debris transported during the late Pleistocene from continental areas lying to the north. These sediments were reworked by marine processes during postglacial sea-level transgression and continue to be modified by the modern oceanic regime. The surficial geology of the Canadian portion of the bank is a widespread gravel lag overlain in places by well-sorted sand occurring as bedforms. The most widespread bedforms are large, mobile, asymmetrical sand waves up to 19m in height formed through sediment transport by strong tidal-driven and possibly storm-driven currents. Well-defined curvilinear bedform crests up to 15km long form a complex bifurcating pattern having an overall southwest northeast strike, which is normal to the direction of the major axis of the semidiurnal tidal current ellipse. Minor fields of immobile, symmetrical sand waves are situated in bathymetric lows. Rare mobile, asymmetrical barchan dunes are lying on the gravel lag in areas of low sand supply. On Georges Bank, the management of resources and habitats requires an understanding of the distribution of substrate types, their surface dynamics and susceptibility to movement, and their associated fauna. C1 [Todd, Brian J.] Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Valentine, Page C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Todd, BJ (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-385141-3 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 261 EP 275 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00015-3 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGC23 UT WOS:000322237000017 ER PT J AU Cochrane, GR Trusel, L Harney, J Etherington, L AF Cochrane, Guy R. Trusel, Luke Harney, Jodi Etherington, Lisa BE Harris, PT Baker, EK TI Habitats and Benthos of an Evolving Fjord, Glacier Bay, Alaska SO SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHOLOGY AS BENTHIC HABITAT: GEOHAB ATLAS OF SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHIC FEATURES AND BENTHIC HABITATS SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE benthic habitat; glacial sedimentation; marine protected area; Glacier Bay; Muir Inlet AB Benthic habitat mapping has been completed for Glacier Bay (in 2005) and Muir Inlet (in 2010) following multibeam sonar surveys in these areas. Though different classification schemes were used, the classes are based on geomorphologic features, substrate classes, and depth zones, which make the results comparable. There is greater diversity of habitat (and epifauna) in Glacier Bay as compared to Muir Inlet. Substrate classes ranging from sand to coarser sediments make up the majority of habitat in Glacier Bay, whereas mud is the dominant substrate in Muir Inlet. These results suggest that Muir Inlet and other inlets to the north of Glacier Bay are very efficient traps of fine glacial sediment and should be considered distinct biotopes for ecological management purposes. C1 [Cochrane, Guy R.] USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Trusel, Luke] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Harney, Jodi] ENTRIX, Riverview, FL USA. [Etherington, Lisa] Cordell Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Olema, CA USA. RP Cochrane, GR (reprint author), USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-385141-3 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00018-9 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGC23 UT WOS:000322237000020 ER PT J AU Gibbs, AE Cochran, SA AF Gibbs, Ann E. Cochran, Susan A. BE Harris, PT Baker, EK TI Seafloor Morphology and Coral Habitat Variability in a Volcanic Environment: Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii, USA SO SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHOLOGY AS BENTHIC HABITAT: GEOHAB ATLAS OF SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHIC FEATURES AND BENTHIC HABITATS SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE coral habitat variability; Hawaii; Kaloko-Honokohau National Park; benthic habitats ID REEF ACCRETION AB Multiple Holocene volcanic flows coalesce within Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO) on the island of Hawaii to create a complex offshore morphology. The volcanic-dominated morphology includes flat to gently sloping volcanic benches, boulder fields, cliffs and ledges, pinnacles, ridges, arches, and steep shelf escarpments. Each of these environments provide distinct habitat zones for coral species, ranging from isolated heads of Porites lobata and Pocillopora meandrina to dense thickets of Porites compressa. In contrast to coral habitat elsewhere in the Hawaiian Islands, where coral typically populates relict carbonate platforms, coral cover in KAHO is typically only a thin veneer of live coral and rubble on exposed volcanic pavement. In only a few locations does coral or accreted carbonate reef obscure the underlying volcanic surface. C1 [Gibbs, Ann E.; Cochran, Susan A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Gibbs, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-385141-3 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 409 EP 423 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00028-1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGC23 UT WOS:000322237000030 ER PT J AU Wright, DJ Roberts, JT Fenner, D Smith, JR Koppers, AAP Naar, DF Hirsch, ER Clift, LW Hogrefe, KR AF Wright, Dawn J. Roberts, Jed T. Fenner, Douglas Smith, John R. Koppers, Anthony A. P. Naar, David F. Hirsch, Emily R. Clift, Leslie Whaylen Hogrefe, Kyle R. BE Harris, PT Baker, EK TI Seamounts, Ridges, and Reef Habitats of American Samoa SO SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHOLOGY AS BENTHIC HABITAT: GEOHAB ATLAS OF SEAFLOOR GEOMORPHIC FEATURES AND BENTHIC HABITATS SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE bathymetry; geomorphology; submarine volcanism; seamounts; American Samoa; South Pacific; coral reefs; coral reef habitat ID VAILULUU SEAMOUNT; LAVAS AB We present the geomorphology of the Eastern Samoa Volcanic Province, covering 28,446 km(2), and depths ranging from similar to 50 to 4,000 m. A new compilation of available multibeam data reveals 51 previously undocumented seamounts, and delineates major submarine rift zones, eruptive centers, and volcanic plateaus. Moving from a regional to local scale, and with regard to specific coral reef habitats, we report the results of three Pisces V submersible dives to the submerged flanks of Tutuila, with overall objectives of species identification of deep water fish and invertebrates (32 species of invertebrates and 91 species of fish identified, 9 new records), determining the base of extensive live bottom (i.e., coral cover of 20% and greater) as well as relations to any prior benthic terrain classifications at 100 m and deeper. C1 [Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roberts, Jed T.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Portland, OR USA. [Fenner, Douglas] Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS USA. [Smith, John R.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Koppers, Anthony A. P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Naar, David F.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hirsch, Emily R.] Geospatial Consulting Grp Int, Alexandria, VA USA. [Clift, Leslie Whaylen] Coastal Marine Resource Associates, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hogrefe, Kyle R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Wright, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-385141-3 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 791 EP 806 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00058-X PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGC23 UT WOS:000322237000060 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, JA Barnhill, LM Meyers, JM Demarest, D AF Rotenberg, James A. Barnhill, Laurel M. Meyers, J. Michael Demarest, Dean BE Lepczyk, CA Warren, PS TI Painted Bunting Conservation TRADITIONAL MONITORING MEETS CITIZEN SCIENCE SO URBAN BIRD ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE citizen science; conservation; monitoring; Painted Bunting; Passerina ciris ID BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; BIRDS; WINTER; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; FEEDERS; PROJECT; IMPACTS AB Avian citizen science projects can successfully carry out research and/or monitoring programs that are otherwise impossible to carry out by employing field technicians. Reliability of volunteer observations is high, with quality data sets used in many peer-reviewed publications. Using a citizen science approach, we initiated the Painted Bunting Monitoring Project to study the eastern population of Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris) in North and South Carolina. Breeding Bird Survey data show that eastern Painted Buntings have declined at least 3.2% annually over a 30-year period, possibly due to increased coastal development and agricultural practices, both of which reduce the shrub-scrub brush vital to breeding Painted Buntings. Since Painted Buntings typically visit backyard bird feeders, citizen scientists can readily participate in a variety of data-generating components that aid us in comparing subpopulations breeding in suburban, rural, and natural habitats. Along with backyard banding of individuals, these data can include quantifying demographic parameters such as population distribution, density, and abundance; productivity and adult survival; and behavioral patterns of site fidelity and habitat use. Here we report the results from our first-year Painted Bunting Observer Team volunteer data sets, and offer recommendations to others who may be considering a citizen science-based data collection program. C1 [Rotenberg, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Barnhill, Laurel M.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29202 USA. [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr Maryland, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Demarest, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Rotenberg, JA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, 601 South Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM rotenbergj@uncw.edu; barnhilll@dnr.sc.gov; jmeyers@warnell.uga.edu; deand.demarest@fws.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95389-5 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 VL 45 BP 125 EP 137 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273092.001.0001 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BGG19 UT WOS:000322820100009 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S Webster, CM AF DeStefano, Stephen Webster, Charlene M. BE Lepczyk, CA Warren, PS TI Distribution and Habitat of Greater Roadrunners in Urban and Suburban Arizona SO URBAN BIRD ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Arizona; distribution; Geococcyx californianus; Greater Roadrunner; habitat; Tucson; urban ID BIRD COMMUNITY; TUCSON; ATTITUDES; SELECTION; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY AB Greater Roadrunners (Geococcyx californianus) are widespread throughout arid regions of the southwestern United States. As a large predatory bird, roadrunners require large home ranges, and their relatively low densities and secretive nature make surveys and observations a challenge. However, roadrunners are among the most well-known and charismatic avian species in the Southwest and draw much attention from residents and visitors. Distribution of roadrunners and habitat features of importance to roadrunners in urban and suburban environments have not been described, and it is not known how development may affect roadrunner populations. Although roadrunners are occasionally seen in southwestern cities, urbanization may eliminate local populations. We used public sighting information to document roadrunner locations in metropolitan Tucson, Arizona. We explored and, when possible, evaluated the types of biases (e. g., species misidentification, erroneous information, nonresponse, and self-selection biases) inherent in public information surveys. We also employed researcher-based, randomly distributed surveys to examine roadrunner distribution and habitat use, to estimate the amount of survey effort required to detect a low-density elusive species like roadrunners, and to establish a sample of sightings based on random sampling. We received 1,449 reports of roadrunner sightings from the public and saw 52 roadrunners on 281 researcher-based surveys. The general pattern of distribution of roadrunner sightings in Tucson was similar in both public and researcher surveys, forming a broad band around the edge of Tucson with few or no sightings in the city center. Tucson residents reported seeing roadrunners most often in areas with housing densities of 2.5-7.5 residences per ha (RHA) and nonnative vegetation, and less often than expected in areas with washes, natural open space, native vegetation, graded vacant land, and housing densities of 7.5-15 RHA. In contrast, during our random surveys we found roadrunners closer to washes and areas with housing densities of 7.5-15 RHA, indicating that roadrunners used these land cover types more frequently than was reported from the public. In general, however, roadrunners used a variety of urban and suburban environments and could be seen almost anywhere in the city except for areas with the highest housing densities (>15 RHA). Public survey information provided a great deal of usable data quickly and inexpensively but reflected where people saw and reported roadrunners. Interpretations of relative abundance or habitat preference need to be made cautiously. C1 [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@nrc.umass.edu; bckwebster@cox.net NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95389-5 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 VL 45 BP 155 EP 165 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273092.001.0001 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BGG19 UT WOS:000322820100011 ER PT S AU Driscoll, DG O'Connor, JE Harden, TM AF Driscoll, Daniel G. O'Connor, Jim E. Harden, Tessa M. BE Tatina, R TI RESULTS OF PALEOFLOOD INVESTIGATIONS FOR SPRING, RAPID, BOXELDER, AND ELK CREEKS, BLACK HILLS, WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 91 SE Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the South-Dakota-Academy CY APR 13-14, 2012 CL Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr, Vermillion, SD HO Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr DE Paleoflood; slack-water deposits; stratigraphic records; flood-frequency analyses ID INFORMATION; HYDROLOGY; ALGORITHM AB Flood-frequency analyses for the Black Hills area are especially important because of severe flooding of June 9-10, 1972, that was caused by a large mesoscale convective system and resulted in at least 238 deaths. This paper summarizes results of paleoflood investigations for six study reaches in the central Black Hills. Stratigraphic records and resulting long-term flood chronologies, locally extending more than 2,000 years, were combined with observed and historical flood information to derive flood-frequency estimates. Results indicate that floods as large as and even substantially larger than 1972 have affected most of the study reaches. Results of the paleoflood investigations provide better physically based information on low-probability floods than has been previously available, substantially improving estimates of the magnitude and frequency of large floods in the central Black Hills and reducing associated uncertainties. Collectively, the results provide insights regarding regional flood-generation processes and their spatial controls, enable approaches for extrapolation of results for hazard assessment beyond specific study reaches, and provide a millennial-scale perspective on the 1972 flooding. C1 [Driscoll, Daniel G.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Driscoll, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM dgdrisco@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTH DAKOTA ACAD SCIENCE PI PIERRE PA HCR 531 BOX 97, PIERRE, SD 57501 USA SN 0096-378X J9 PROC S D ACAD SCI JI Proc. South Dak. Acad. Sci. PY 2012 VL 91 BP 49 EP 67 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGA35 UT WOS:000322049800004 ER PT B AU Schramm, HL Willis, DW AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Willis, David W. BE Neal, JW Willis, DW TI Assessment and Harvest of Largemouth Bass-Bluegill Ponds SO SMALL IMPOUNDMENT MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; NATURAL LAKES; GROWTH; SIZE; MANAGEMENT; NEBRASKA; SHIFTS; INDEX C1 [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-34-9 PY 2012 BP 181 EP 213 PG 33 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BFM64 UT WOS:000320562700007 ER PT J AU Shafer, SR Jawson, MD AF Shafer, Steven R. Jawson, Michael D. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Coordinated Agricultural Research through GRACEnet to Address our Changing Climate FOREWORD SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shafer, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jawson, Michael D.] US Dept Interior, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Shafer, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800001 ER PT B AU Walthall, CL Shafer, SR Jawson, MD AF Walthall, Charles L. Shafer, Steven R. Jawson, Michael D. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI GRACEnet: Addressing Policy Needs through Coordinated Cross-location Research SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON C1 [Walthall, Charles L.; Shafer, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jawson, Michael D.] US Dept Interior, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Walthall, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00002-4 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800004 ER PT B AU Liu, SG Tan, ZX Chen, MS Liu, JX Wein, A Li, ZP Huang, SL Oeding, J Young, C Verma, SB Suyker, AE Faulkner, S McCarty, GW AF Liu, Shuguang Tan, Zhengxi Chen, Mingshi Liu, Jinxun Wein, Anne Li, Zhengpeng Huang, Shengli Oeding, Jennifer Young, Claudia Verma, Shashi B. Suyker, Andrew E. Faulkner, Stephen McCarty, Gregory W. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI The General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) and its Applications to Agricultural Systems in the United States SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOSYSTEM CARBON DYNAMICS; LAND-USE; AGGREGATED SOILS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; EROSION; EMISSIONS C1 [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Tan, Zhengxi; Chen, Mingshi; Li, Zhengpeng; Huang, Shengli] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Liu, Jinxun; Oeding, Jennifer] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Young, Claudia] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Faulkner, Stephen] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00018-8 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800020 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Calderon, F Hively, WD AF Reeves, James B., III McCarty, Gregory W. Calderon, Francisco Hively, W. Dean BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Advances in Spectroscopic Methods for Quantifying Soil Carbon SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MIDINFRARED PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-CARBON; MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SPECTRAL LIBRARY; PREDICTION; FIELD; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Reeves, James B., III] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Calderon, Francisco] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO USA. [Hively, W. Dean] USGS Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 345 EP 366 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00020-6 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800022 ER PT J AU Pietz, PJ Granfors, DA Ribic, CA AF Pietz, Pamela J. Granfors, Diane A. Ribic, Christine A. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Knowledge Gained from Video-Monitoring Grassland Passerine Nests SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE avian behavior; breeding ecology; camera; grassland; nest monitor; nest predators; passerine; video surveillance ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SONGBIRD NESTS; PATCH SIZE; IDENTIFYING PREDATORS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSHES; NORTH-DAKOTA; BIRD NESTS; NESTLINGS; LANDSCAPE AB In the mid-1990s, researchers began to adapt miniature cameras to video-record activities at cryptic passerine nests in grasslands. In the subsequent decade, use of these video surveillance systems spread dramatically, leading to major strides in our knowledge of nest predation and nesting ecology of many species. Studies using video nest surveillance have helped overturn or substantiate many long-standing assumptions and provided insights on a wide range of topics. For example, researchers using video data have (1) identified an extensive and highly dynamic predator community in grasslands that varies both temporally (e.g., by time of day, nest age, season, year) and spatially (e. g., by habitat, edge, latitude); (2) shown that sign at nests is unreliable for assigning predator types and sometimes nest fates; (3) contributed to the understanding of the risks and rewards of nest defense; and (4) provided information on basic breeding biology (e.g., fledging ages, patterns of incubation and brooding, and male/female roles in parental care). Using examples from grasslands, we highlight accumulated knowledge about activities at the nest documented with video surveillance; we also discuss the implications of this knowledge for our understanding of avian ecology. Like all tools, video nest surveillance has potential limitations, and users must take precautions to minimize possible sources of bias in data collection and interpretation. C1 [Pietz, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Granfors, Diane A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Fall, MN 56537 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pietz, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ppietz@usgs.gov; diane_granfors@fws.gov; caribic@wisc.edu NR 93 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 3 EP 22 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 20 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100003 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ AF Ribic, Christine A. Thompson, Frank R., III Pietz, Pamela J. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI VIDEO SURVEILLANCE of NESTING BIRDS PREFACE SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pietz, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu; frthompson@fs.fed.us; ppietz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100001 ER PT B AU Thompson, FR Ribic, CA AF Thompson, Frank R., III Ribic, Christine A. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Conservation Implications When the Nest Predators Are Known SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE conservation; cowbirds; forest; grassland; mesopredators; nest predators; passerines; shrubland; snakes; video technology ID GRASSLAND BIRDS; HABITAT USE; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE FEATURES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SONGBIRD NESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL AB Conservation and management of passerines has largely focused on habitat manipulation or restoration because the natural communities on which these birds depend have been destroyed and fragmented. However, productivity is another important aspect of avian conservation, and nest predation can be a large source of nesting mortality for passerines. Recent studies using video surveillance to identify nest predators allow researchers to start evaluating what methods could be used to mitigate nest predation to help passerines of conservation concern. From recent studies, we identified latitudinal and habitat-related patterns in the importance of predator groups that depredate passerine nests. We then reviewed how knowledge of specific nest predators can benefit conservation of bird species of concern. Mammals were the dominant predator group in northern grasslands. Snakes were the dominant predator group in southern habitats. Fire ants were only a nest predator in southern latitudes. Differences in the importance of predator species or groups were likely the result of both their geographic patterns of distribution and habitat preferences. Some direct and indirect predator control measures developed for waterfowl management potentially could be used to benefit passerine productivity. We reviewed three examples-cowbirds, snakes in shrublands, and ground squirrels in grasslands-to illustrate how different predator control strategies may be needed in different situations. Mitigation of passerine nest predation will need to be based on knowledge of predator communities to be effective. This requires large samples of predation events with identified predators; video technology is essential for this task. C1 [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Thompson, FR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM frthompson@fs.fed.us; caribic@wisc.edu NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0; 978-0-520-27313-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 23 EP 33 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100004 ER PT J AU Pietz, PJ Granfors, DA Grant, TA AF Pietz, Pamela J. Granfors, Diane A. Grant, Todd A. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Hatching and Fledging Times from Grassland Passerine Nests SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE camera; fledging age; grassland; hatching; nest visits; passerine; premature fledging; video ID GREAT TIT; SURVIVAL; PREDATORS; COWBIRDS; SUCCESS; RATES; BIRD; EGGS AB Accurate estimates of fledging age are needed in field studies to avoid inducing premature fledging or missing the fledging event. Both may lead to misinterpretation of nest fate. Correctly assessing nest fate and length of the nestling period can be critical for accurate calculation of nest survival rates. For researchers who mark nestlings, knowing the age at which their activities may cause young to leave nests prematurely could prevent introducing bias to their studies. We estimated fledging ages from grassland passerine nests monitored from hatching through fledging with miniature video cameras in North Dakota and Minnesota during 1996-2001. We compared these values to those obtained from traditional nest visits and from the literature. Mean and modal fledging ages for video-monitored nests were generally similar to those for visited nests, although Clay-colored Sparrows (Spizella pallida) typically fledged 1 day earlier from visited nests. Average fledging ages from both video and nest visits occurred within ranges reported in the literature, but expanded by 1-2 days the upper age limit for Clay-colored Sparrows and the lower age limit for Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Video showed that eggs hatched throughout the day, whereas most young fledged in the morning (06:30-12: 30 CDT). Length of the hatching period for a clutch was usually >1 day and was positively correlated with clutch size. Length of the fledging period for a brood was usually <1 day, and in nearly half the nests fledging was completed within <2 hr. Video surveillance was a useful tool for obtaining new information and for corroborating published statements related to hatching and fledging chronology. Comparison of data collected from video and nest visits showed that carefully conducted nest visits generally can provide reliable data for deriving estimates of survival. C1 [Pietz, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Granfors, Diane A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Fall, MN 56537 USA. [Grant, Todd A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. RP Pietz, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ppietz@usgs.gov; diane_granfors@fws.gov; todd_grant@fws.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 47 EP 60 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100006 ER PT J AU Slay, CM Ellison, KS Ribic, CA Smith, KG Schmitz, CM AF Slay, Christy M. Ellison, Kevin S. Ribic, Christine A. Smith, Kimberly G. Schmitz, Carolyn M. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Nocturnal Activity of Nesting Shrubland and Grassland Passerines SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE avian behavior; camera; night; sleep; video surveillance; vigilant ID SLEEP; BIRDS; PREDATION; VIGILANCE; PERSPECTIVES; PATTERNS; MIGRANT; RISK; NAPS; EYE AB Nocturnal behaviors and sleep patterns of nesting passerines remain largely undocumented in the field and are important to understanding responses to environmental pressures such as predation. We used nocturnal video recordings to describe activity and quantify behaviors of females with nestlings of four shrubland bird species and three grassland bird species (n - 19 nests). Among the shrubland birds, Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) returned to the nest for the night at the same time, around sunset. Among the grassland birds, Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) returned the earliest before sunset and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) returned the latest after sunset. All species exhibited "back sleep" with the bill tucked under scapular feathers, and individuals awoke frequently for vigils or "peeks" at their surroundings. Sleep of all species was disrupted by nestling activity. Average duration of sleep bouts varied from 6 min (Grasshopper Sparrow) to 28 min (Blue-winged Warbler; Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla). Mean overnight duration on the nest varied from 6.4 hr (Field Sparrow) to 8.8 hr (Indigo Bunting). On average, adults woke in the morning (the last waking before departing the nest) 20 30 min before sunrise. The first absence from the nest in the morning was short for all species, and nestlings were fed within 12 min of a parent's departure. Our study highlights the need for further video research on sleep patterns of nesting birds in the field to better understand basic natural history, energetic cost-benefits of sleep, and behavioral adaptations to environmental pressures. C1 [Slay, Christy M.; Smith, Kimberly G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ellison, Kevin S.; Schmitz, Carolyn M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Slay, CM (reprint author), Sustainabil Consortium, 534 W Res Blvd, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM cslay@walton.uark.edu; kellison@wcs.org; caribic@wisc.edu; kgsmith@uark.edu; cmschmitz2@wisc.edu OI Ellison, Kevin/0000-0002-1021-6345 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 105 EP 115 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100011 ER PT B AU Ribic, CA Guzy, MJ Anderson, TJ Sample, DW Nack, JL AF Ribic, Christine A. Guzy, Michael J. Anderson, Travis J. Sample, David W. Nack, Jamie L. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Bird Productivity and Nest Predation in Agricultural Grasslands SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE agriculture; Conservation Reserve Program; grassland birds; nest predators; nesting success; pastures; remnant prairie; thirteen-lined ground squirrel ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NORTH-DAKOTA; SONGBIRD NESTS; UNITED-STATES; PRAIRIE LANDSCAPE; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; AREA SENSITIVITY; BREEDING BIRDS; HABITAT EDGES; SUCCESS AB Effective conservation strategies for grassland birds in agricultural landscapes require understanding how nesting success varies among different grassland habitats. A key component to this is identifying nest predators and how these predators vary by habitat. We quantified nesting activity of obligate grassland birds in three habitats [remnant prairie, cool-season grass Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields, and pastures] in southwest Wisconsin, 2002-2004. We determined nest predators using video cameras and examined predator activity using track stations. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) nested primarily in CRP fields, and Grasshopper Sparrow (A. savannarum) in remnant prairies. Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) nested evenly across all three habitats. Daily nest survival rate for Eastern Meadowlark varied by nesting stage alone. Daily nest survival rate for Grasshopper Sparrow varied by nest vegetation and distance to the nearest woody edge; nest survival was higher near woody edges. In CRP fields, most predators were grassland-associated, primarily thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). In pastures, one-third of the nest predators were grassland-associated (primarily thirteen-lined ground squirrels) and 56% were associated with woody habitats (primarily raccoons, Procyon lotor). Raccoon activity was greatest around pastures and lowest around prairies; regardless of habitat, raccoon activity along woody edges was twice that along non-woody edges. Thirteen-lined ground squirrel activity was greater along prairie edges than pastures and was greater along non-woody edges compared to woody edges. In CRP fields, raccoon activity was greater along edges compared to the interiors; for ground squirrels these relationships were reversed. Using video camera technology to identify nest predators was indispensable in furthering our understanding of the grassland system. The challenge is to use that knowledge to develop management actions for both birds and predators. C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guzy, Michael J.; Anderson, Travis J.; Nack, Jamie L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sample, David W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu; mjguzy@charter.net; travis.anderson@wisconsin.gov; david.sample@wisconsin.gov; jlnack@wisc.edu NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0; 978-0-520-27313-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 119 EP 134 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100012 ER PT J AU Ellison, KS Ribic, CA AF Ellison, Kevin S. Ribic, Christine A. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Nest Defense SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE grassland birds; nest defense; nest predation; snakes ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; SONGBIRD NESTS; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; VIDEOTAPE; WARBLERS; SNAKES; SITES AB Predation is the primary source of nest mortality for most passerines; thus, behaviors to reduce the impacts of predation are frequently quantified to study learning, adaptation, and coevolution among predator and prey species. Video surveillance of nests has made it possible to examine real-time parental nest defense. During 1999-2009, we used video camera systems to monitor 518 nests of grassland birds. We reviewed video of 48 visits by snakes to 34 nests; 37 of these visits resulted in predation of active nests. When adult birds encountered snakes at the nest (n = 33 visits), 76% of the encounters resulted in a form of nest defense (nonaggressive or aggressive); in 47% of the encounters, birds physically struck snakes. When defending nests, most birds pecked at the snakes; Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) and Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) pecked most frequently in any one encounter. Also, two Eastern Meadowlarks ran around snakes, frequently with wings spread, and three Bobolinks struck at snakes from the air. Nest defense rarely appeared to alter snake behavior; the contents of seven nests defended aggressively and two nests defended nonaggressively were partially depredated, whereas the contents of six nests defended each way were consumed completely. One fledgling was produced at each of three nests that had been aggressively defended. During aggressive defense, one snake appeared to be driven away and one was wounded. Our findings should be a useful starting point for further research. For example, future researchers may be able to determine whether the behavioral variation we observed in nest defense reflects species differences, anatomic or phylogenetic constraints, or individual differences related to a bird's prior experience. There appears to be much potential for studying nest defense behavior using video recording of both real and simulated encounters. C1 [Ellison, Kevin S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ellison, KS (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, 301 N Willson Ave, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kellison@wcs.org; caribic@wisc.edu OI Ellison, Kevin/0000-0002-1021-6345 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 149 EP 159 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100014 ER PT J AU Davis, SK Jones, SL Dohms, KM Holmes, TG AF Davis, Stephen K. Jones, Stephanie L. Dohms, Kimberly M. Holmes, Teslin G. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Identification of Sprague's Pipit Nest Predators SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE grassland birds; nest predation; nest predators; Northern Harrier; Sprague's Pipit; thirteen-lined ground squirrel; video monitoring; Western Meadowlark ID MINIATURE VIDEO CAMERAS; WESTERN MEADOWLARKS; ARTIFICIAL NEST; GRASSLAND BIRDS; SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE; SPARROWS; BIOLOGY; FATES; REAL AB Nest predation is the primary factor influencing grassland songbird reproductive success. Understanding factors driving spatial and temporal variation in nest survival requires that we identify the primary nest predators and factors influencing predator abundance and behavior. Predation events are rarely witnessed, and the identification of nest predators is inferred, often incorrectly, from nest remains or observations of potential predators. We used video photography to identify predators of Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) nests in Saskatchewan and Montana. We monitored 60 nests in Saskatchewan and 11 nests in Montana and documented at least ten different species preying upon eggs and nestlings. Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) and thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) were the most common nest predators documented on videotape, along with mouse (Peromyscus spp.), vole (Microtus spp.), deer (Odocoileus spp.), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), coyote (Canis latrans), Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia), Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), and gartersnake (Thamnophis spp.). Most predation events occurred during the nestling stage and primarily during the day, potentially due to the increased activity of adults feeding young and of the nestlings begging for food. The diverse predator communities documented destroying grassland songbird nests presents many challenges for land managers attempting to increase reproductive success of Sprague's Pipits and other priority grassland birds. C1 [Davis, Stephen K.; Dohms, Kimberly M.; Holmes, Teslin G.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Davis, Stephen K.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Regina, SK S4P 2K1, Canada. [Jones, Stephanie L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Davis, SK (reprint author), Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. EM stephen.davis@ec.gc.ca; stephanie_jones@fws.gov; kim.dohms@uleth.ca; teslin@ualberta.ca NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 173 EP 182 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100016 ER PT J AU Baldwin, AH Kangas, PJ Megonigal, JP Perry, MC Whigham, DF AF Baldwin, Andrew H. Kangas, Patrick J. Megonigal, J. Patrick Perry, Matthew C. Whigham, Dennis F. BE Batzer, DP Baldwin, AH TI Coastal Wetlands of Chesapeake Bay SO WETLAND HABITATS OF NORTH AMERICA: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIDAL FRESH-WATER; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS INVASION; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA MARSHES; ELEVATED CO2; MID-ATLANTIC; COMMON REED; ZOSTERA-MARINA; YORK RIVER; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS C1 [Baldwin, Andrew H.; Kangas, Patrick J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Megonigal, J. Patrick; Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Perry, Matthew C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Baldwin, AH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1423 Anim Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM baldwin@umd.edu OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 164 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95141-9 PY 2012 BP 29 EP 43 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFF60 UT WOS:000319665000004 ER PT B AU Mckee, KL AF Mckee, Karen L. BE Batzer, DP Baldwin, AH TI Neotropical Coastal Wetlands SO WETLAND HABITATS OF NORTH AMERICA: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WOOD-BORING INSECTS; BOCAS DEL TORO; MANGROVE FORESTS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; RHIZOPHORA MANGLE; SOIL ELEVATION C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Mckee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mckeek@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95141-9; 978-0-520-27164-7 PY 2012 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFF60 UT WOS:000319665000008 ER PT B AU King, SL Battaglia, LL Hupp, CR Keim, RF Lockaby, BG AF King, Sammy L. Battaglia, Loretta L. Hupp, Cliff R. Keim, Richard F. Lockaby, B. Graeme BE Batzer, DP Baldwin, AH TI Floodplain Wetlands of the Southeastern Coastal Plain SO WETLAND HABITATS OF NORTH AMERICA: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; QUERCUS-MICHAUXII REGENERATION; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; GIGANTEA WALT. MUHL.; NUTRIENT CIRCULATION; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CANOPY GAPS; HABITAT USE C1 [King, Sammy L.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Battaglia, Loretta L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Battaglia, Loretta L.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Keim, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lockaby, B. Graeme] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking16@lsu.edu; lbattaglia@plant.siu.edu NR 166 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-95141-9; 978-0-520-27164-7 PY 2012 BP 253 EP 266 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFF60 UT WOS:000319665000019 ER PT J AU Stromberg, JC Andersen, DC Scott, ML AF Stromberg, Juliet C. Andersen, Douglas C. Scott, Michael L. BE Batzer, DP Baldwin, AH TI Riparian Floodplain Wetlands of the Arid and Semiarid Southwest SO WETLAND HABITATS OF NORTH AMERICA: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; BILL WILLIAMS RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; COTTONWOOD RECRUITMENT; FOREST CONSERVATION; VEGETATION RESPONSE; TREE RECRUITMENT; AMERICAN RIVERS C1 [Stromberg, Juliet C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Scott, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jstrom@asu.edu NR 119 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95141-9 PY 2012 BP 343 EP 356 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFF60 UT WOS:000319665000025 ER PT B AU Fleskes, JP AF Fleskes, Joseph P. BE Batzer, DP Baldwin, AH TI Wetlands of the Central Valley of California and Klamath Basin SO WETLAND HABITATS OF NORTH AMERICA: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; REDUCING BACTERIA; SPECIES RICHNESS; SOUTHERN OREGON; METHYL MERCURY; AQUATIC BIRDS; WATER; SELENIUM C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov NR 141 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95141-9; 978-0-520-27164-7 PY 2012 BP 357 EP 370 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFF60 UT WOS:000319665000026 ER PT S AU Denlinger, RP Webley, P Mastin, LG Schwaiger, H AF Denlinger, Roger P. Webley, Peter Mastin, Larry G. Schwaiger, Hans BE Lin, J Brunner, D Gerbig, C Stohl, A Luhar, A Webley, P TI A Bayesian Method to Rank Different Model Forecasts of the Same Volcanic Ash Cloud SO LAGRANGIAN MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Advances in Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Grindelwald, SWITZERLAND SP European Sci Fdn, TTORCH Res Networking Programme, Swiss Acad Sci, Swiss Federal Inst Technol Zurich, Ctr Climate Syst Modeling, Int Fdn High Altitude Res Stn Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat ID EYJAFJALLAJOKULL ERUPTION; DISPERSION; APRIL AB Volcanic eruptions often spew fine ash high into the atmosphere, where it is carried downwind, forming long ash clouds that disrupt air traffic and pose a hazard to air travel. To mitigate such hazards, the community studying ash hazards must assess risk of ash ingestion for any flight path and provide robust and accurate forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal. We provide a quantitative and objective method to evaluate the efficacy of ash dispersal estimates from different models, using Bayes theorem to assess the predictions that each model makes about ash dispersal. We incorporate model and measurement uncertainty and produce a posterior probability for model input parameters. The integral of the posterior over all possible combinations of model inputs determines the evidence for each model and is used to compare models. We compare two different types of transport models, an Eulerian model (Ash3d) and a Langrangian model (PUFF), as applied to the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland. The evidence for each model benefits from common physical characteristics of ash dispersal from an eruption column and provides a measure of how well each model forecasts cloud transport. Given the complexity of the wind fields, we find that the differences between these models depend upon the differences in the way the models disperse ash into the wind from the source plume. With continued observation, the accuracy of the estimates made by each model increases, increasing the efficacy of each model's ability to simulate ash dispersal. C1 [Denlinger, Roger P.; Mastin, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Webley, Peter] Univ Alaska, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Schwaiger, Hans] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov; pwebley@gi.alaska.edu; lgmastin@usgs.gov; hschwaiger@usgs.gov RI Luhar, Ashok/A-1488-2012 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2012 VL 200 BP 299 EP + DI 10.1029/2012GM001249 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFI76 UT WOS:000320012300024 ER PT S AU Peters, KE Nelson, PH AF Peters, Kenneth E. Nelson, Philip H. BE Harris, NB Peters, KE TI CRITERIA TO DETERMINE BOREHOLE FORMATION TEMPERATURES FOR CALIBRATION OF BASIN AND PETROLEUM SYSTEM MODELS SO ANALYZING THE THERMAL HISTORY OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS: METHODS AND CASE STUDIES SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Basin and petroleum system modeling; Horner correction; bottom-hole temperature; BHT; Cook Inlet ID VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AB Bottom-hole temperatures (BHT) from well log headers are common, but they require correction because they are biased lower than true formation temperature. Care must be taken to avoid short static times, recirculation between measurements, and spurious records of times or temperatures from logs. Criteria for reliable Horner-corrected BHT data include a minimum of three logging runs that record time and temperature for each run, temperature extrapolation less than the range of temperature data, and deviations from the least-squares regression line that are less than measurement uncertainty (+/- 1-3 degrees C or +/- 2-5 degrees F). Based on published comparisons of drill-stem test (DST) and Horner-corrected BHT data from the same depths, the standard deviation of corrected bottom-hole temperatures is about +/- 8 degrees C (+/- 14 degrees F). Some studies show that corrected data may still be systematically biased lower than true formation temperature. For a one-dimensional PetroMoe((R)) basin and petroleum system model of the upper Cook Inlet in Alaska, error of +/- 8 degrees C resulted in calculated depth to top of the oil window in the Jurassic Tuxedni Group source rock of as much as 305 m (1001 ft) above and 6.2 million years earlier or 231 m (758 ft) below and 4.5 million years later than that calculated using a corrected BHT formation temperature of 92.4 degrees C. Error in maturity assessment associated with shallow BHT data can propagate to the greater depth of the source rock where temperature and thermal maturity are to be estimated. In summary, BHT data are an important source of uncertainty that needs to be considered when calibrating basin and petroleum system models. C1 [Peters, Kenneth E.] Schlumberger, Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA. [Nelson, Philip H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Peters, KE (reprint author), Schlumberger, 18 Manzanita Pl, Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA. EM kpeters2@slb.com NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-315-9 J9 SOC SEDIMENT GEOL SP PY 2012 IS 103 BP 5 EP 15 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA BEY73 UT WOS:000318739000002 ER PT S AU Walters, CC Lillis, PG Peters, KE AF Walters, Clifford C. Lillis, Paul G. Peters, Kenneth E. BE Harris, NB Peters, KE TI MOLECULAR INDICATORS OF GEOTHERMAL HISTORY SO ANALYZING THE THERMAL HISTORY OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS: METHODS AND CASE STUDIES SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE biomarker; thermal maturity; stereoisomerization; kinetics ID HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; STEROID HYDROCARBONS; MATURITY PARAMETERS; CRUDE OILS; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; CYCLIZATION REACTION; THERMAL MATURITY; TOARCIAN SHALES; BURIAL HISTORY AB Many basin simulators include the option to use calculated biomarker ratios from published first-order kinetic parameters as a means to calibrate thermal history. Published kinetic parameters for many biomarker reactions are based on simplistic and unfounded assumptions of reaction pathways, lack the needed precision, or have insufficient documentation to evaluate their effectiveness. We believe that calibrations of thermal history based on biomarker ratios are less reliable than those based on more common methods, such as vitrinite reflectance and corrected bottom-hole temperatures, because of uncertainty in the reaction mechanisms and kinetic parameters. Some research indicates that certain reactions, such as cyclization of ortho-substituted biphenyls and thermal decomposition of alkyl esters, could provide useful kinetics with which to calibrate basin models, but these efforts have not been pursued by the geochemical community. C1 [Walters, Clifford C.] ExxonMobil Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Lillis, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Peters, Kenneth E.] Schlumberger Informat Solut, Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA. RP Walters, CC (reprint author), ExxonMobil Corp Strateg Res, 1545 US Highway 22E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. EM clifford.c.walters@exxonmobil.com NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-315-9 J9 SOC SEDIMENT GEOL SP PY 2012 IS 103 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA BEY73 UT WOS:000318739000003 ER PT S AU Houseknecht, DW Burns, WM Bird, KJ AF Houseknecht, David W. Burns, W. Matthew Bird, Kenneth J. BE Harris, NB Peters, KE TI THERMAL MATURATION HISTORY OF ARCTIC ALASKA AND THE SOUTHERN CANADA BASIN SO ANALYZING THE THERMAL HISTORY OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS: METHODS AND CASE STUDIES SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEAUFORT-MACKENZIE BASIN; SLOPE FORELAND BASIN; NORTH SLOPE; SOURCE-ROCK; HEAT-FLOW; PRUDHOE BAY; EVOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHY; OCEAN; REFLECTANCE AB The emerging global focus on the oil and gas potential of the Arctic underscores the importance of understanding petroleum systems with limited data. Geohistory modeling of Arctic Alaska (including the Chukchi shelf) and the southern Canada basin indicates that regional patterns of thermal maturity and timing of petroleum generation reflect geologic processes associated with rift-opening of the Canada basin and collision orogenesis along the Brooks Range Herald arch from Jurassic through Tertiary time. The base of the Cretaceous Tertiary Brookian sequence provides a regional reference horizon because most oil generation occurred as the result of Brookian burial. In Arctic Alaska, basal Brookian strata on the Beaufort rift shoulder grade from immature in the west to overmature in the east. From the crest of the rift shoulder, thermal maturity of basal Brookian strata increases southward into the oil window on the north flank of the Colville foreland basin and into the gas window in the foredeep. A >200-mile-wide area of immature to mature strata in the Chukchi Sea narrows eastward as the Brooks Range converges with the rift shoulder in the eastern North Slope. These patterns reflect generally low Jurassic to Tertiary sediment accommodation on the rift shoulder, large Cretaceous sediment accommodation in the Colville foredeep, and northward impingement of the Brooks Range onto the eastern part of the rift shoulder during the Tertiary. Fewer geologic data in the Canada basin increases the uncertainty of modeling. Projection of stratigraphy from the rift shoulder, reconstruction of regional sediment dispersal patterns, and consideration of source rocks in Arctic Alaska and Canada indicate the potential for four source rocks in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. Model results indicate that all four source rocks are mature or overmature across much of the southern Canada basin. The highest thermal maturity occurs in depocenters immediately north of the rift shoulder and on the eastern margin of the study area, which is the distal Mackenzie delta. The lowest thermal maturity occurs at the northern limit of modeling, more than 200 miles north of the rift shoulder and on the western margin of the study area, adjacent to the Chukchi borderland. A potential source rock in the Lower Cretaceous likely matured during the Early Cretaceous in a western depocenter related to sediment by-pass of the Chukchi shelf, but maturation of all source rocks elsewhere occurred during the Paleogene when large volumes of sediment were shed from the Brooks Range and through the Mackenzie delta. C1 [Houseknecht, David W.; Burns, W. Matthew] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bird, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhouse@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-315-9 J9 SOC SEDIMENT GEOL SP PY 2012 IS 103 BP 199 EP 219 PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA BEY73 UT WOS:000318739000013 ER PT J AU van Wagtendonk, JW van Wagtendonk, KA Thode, AE AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W. van Wagtendonk, Kent A. Thode, Andrea E. TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF INTERSECTING FIRES IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; fire severity; Sierra Nevada; vegetation change; Yosemite National Park ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRE; MANAGEMENT; HISTORY; MONTANE; AREA AB In 1972, Yosemite National Park established a wilderness fire zone in which lightning fires were allowed to run their courses under prescribed conditions. This zone was expanded in 1973 to include the 16 209 ha Illilouette Creek basin, just to the southeast of Yosemite Valley. From 1973 through 2011, there have been 157 fires in the basin. Fire severity data were collected on all 28 of those fires that were larger than 40 ha. The proportion burned in each fire severity class was not significantly associated with fire return interval departure class. When areas were reburned, the proportion of unchanged severity fire decreased while the proportion of high severity fire increased. The proportion of fire severity of the subsequent fires was associated with the number of years since last burned, the burning index, and the severity of the previous fires. The main effects were significant for unchanged severity and low severity, and the interaction between return interval class and burning index class was significant for high severity. Most vegetation types remained the same when burned with unchanged, low, or moderate severity, while high severity often resulted in conversion to montane chaparral. The factors that were associated with reburn severity worked in combination with each factor influencing some aspect of severity. Managers and scientists can use this information to better understand the role fire plays in these ecosystems and how to best manage this dynamic ecological process. C1 [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Kent A.] Yosemite Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, POB 700, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov FU US Department of the Interior; US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 00-1-3-01]; Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Fire and Aviation Management Program FX We would like to thank the US Department of the Interior and the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP 00-1-3-01) for funding the initial work on this project. Partial funding was also obtained through the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Fire and Aviation Management Program. N.C. Benson from the Geological Survey-National Park Service Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Program graciously provided the imagery, and J.D. Miller compiled the 1973 through 1984 data. J. Yee, from the US Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research Center, gave invaluable statistical advice and assistance. J. D. Miller and C. H. Key provided thoughtful and thorough comments on an earlier draft of the paper, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the final version. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 21 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 11 EP 31 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0801011 PG 21 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KI UT WOS:000319014200003 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JD Slater, GL Snyder, JR AF Lloyd, John D. Slater, Gary L. Snyder, James R. TI THE ROLE OF FIRE-RETURN INTERVAL AND SEASON OF BURN IN SNAG DYNAMICS IN A SOUTH FLORIDA SLASH PINE FOREST SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cavity-nesting birds; fire effects; Florida; Pinus elliottii var densa; snags; south Florida slash pine; USA ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; POPULATION VIABILITY; EVERGLADES REGION; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PONDEROSA PINE; INTENSITY; REGIMES; DISTURBANCES; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Standing dead trees, or snags, are an important habitat element for many animal species. In many ecosystems, fire is a primary driver of snag population dynamics because it can both create and consume snags. The objective of this study was to examine how variation in two key components of the fire regime-fire-return interval and season of burn-affected population dynamics of snags. Using a factorial design, we exposed 1 ha plots, located within larger burn units in a south Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. densa Little and Dorman) forest, to prescribed fire applied at two intervals (approximately 3-year intervals vs. approximately 6-year intervals) and during two seasons (wet season vs. dry season) over a 12- to 13-year period. We found no consistent effect of fire season or frequency on the density of lightly to moderately decayed or heavily decayed snags, suggesting that variation in these elements of the fire regime at the scale we considered is relatively unimportant in the dynamics of snag populations. However, our confidence in these findings is limited by small sample sizes, potentially confounding effects of unmeasured variation in fire behavior and effects (e. g., intensity, severity, synergy with drought cycles) and wide variation in responses within a treatment level. The generalizing of our findings is also limited by the narrow range of treatment levels considered. Future experiments incorporating a wider range of fire regimes and directly quantifying fire intensity would prove useful in identifying more clearly the role of fire in shaping the dynamics of snag populations. C1 [Lloyd, John D.] Ecostudies Inst, South Strafford, VT 05070 USA. [Slater, Gary L.] Ecostudies Inst, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Snyder, James R.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Big Cypress Natl Preserve Field Stn, Ochopee, FL 34141 USA. RP Lloyd, JD (reprint author), Ecostudies Inst, 15 Mine Rd, South Strafford, VT 05070 USA. EM jlloyd@ecoinst.org OI Lloyd, John/0000-0002-9143-3789 FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-88] FX This research was supported by funding from the Joint Fire Science Program (project no. 05-2-1-88). The Joint Fire Science Program played no role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. We thank the fire-management staff of Big Cypress National Preserve for conducting the prescribed burns, and H. Belles for establishing the study plots. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 18 EP 31 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0803018 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KY UT WOS:000319015900004 ER PT J AU Ne'eman, G Izhaki, I Keeley, JE AF Ne'eman, Gidi Izhaki, Ido Keeley, Jon E. TI FIRE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN-FROM GENES TO ECOSYSTEMS SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID WILDFIRES; PLANTS C1 [Ne'eman, Gidi] Univ Haifa, Dept Biol & Environm, Fac Nat Sci, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. [Izhaki, Ido] Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, Fac Nat Sci, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ne'eman, G (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Biol & Environm, Fac Nat Sci, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. EM gneeman@research.haifa.ac.il NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 1565-9801 J9 ISR J ECOL EVOL JI Isr. J. Ecol. Evol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1560/IJEE.58.2-3.103 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 145AO UT WOS:000318985200001 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, Jon E. TI FIRE IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE ECOSYSTEMS-A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE chaparral; convergent evolution; fire; fynbos; heathlands; matorral; postfire seeders; resprouters; serotiny ID SEED-GERMINATION; WOODY-PLANTS; SMOKE; CALIFORNIA; SHRUBLANDS; VEGETATION; HISTORY; HEAT; LIFE; REGENERATION AB Four regions of the world share a similar climate and structurally similar plant communities with the Mediterranean Basin. These five areas, known collectively as "mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions", are dominated by evergreen sclerophyllous-leaved shrublands, semi-deciduous scrub, and woodlands, all of which are prone to widespread crown fires. Summer droughts produce an annual fire hazard that contributes to a highly predictable fire regime. Fire has been an important factor driving the convergence of these systems and is reflected in plant traits such as lignotubers in resprouting shrubs and delayed reproduction that restricts recruitment to a postfire pulse of seedlings. On fertile soils where postfire resprouting is very rapid, opportunities for postfire seedling recruitment are limited and thus these woody taxa have not opted for delaying reproduction. Such fire-independent recruitment is widespread in the floras of MTC regions of the Mediterranean Basin and California and postfire seeding tends to dominate at the more arid end of the gradient. Due to very different geological histories in South Africa and Western Australia, substrates are nutrient poor and thus postfire resprouters do not pose a similar competitive challenge to seedlings and thus postfire seeding is very widespread in these floras. Although circumstantial evidence suggests that the MTC region of Chile had fire-prone landscapes in the Tertiary, these were lost with the late Miocene completion of the Andean uplift, which now blocks summer lightning storms from moving into the region. Today these five regions pose a significant fire management challenge due to the annual fire hazard and metropolitan centers juxtaposed with highly flammable vegetation. This challenge varies across the five MTC landscapes as a function of differences in regional fuel loads and population density. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 54 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 1565-9801 J9 ISR J ECOL EVOL JI Isr. J. Ecol. Evol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1560/IJEE.58.2-3.123 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 145AO UT WOS:000318985200003 ER PT J AU Ganley, ML Wheeler, PC AF Ganley, Matt L. Wheeler, Polly C. TI The Place Not Yet Subjugated: Prince William Sound, 1770-1800 SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Apart from the important ethnographic descriptions of Kaj Birket-Smith (1953) and Frederica de Laguna (1956), only vague statements of the socio-territorial dynamics in the Chugach region of Alaska, Prince William Sound, are found in the literature. The historical records from the 18th and 19th century often note the seemingly small Chugach population and expansive territory occupied by this group. Analyzing the primary historical sources from the late 18th and early 19th centuries provides insight into how the Chugach were organized within the region and what events transpired to compel local Chugach groups to unify or wage war with each other for defense of territory and property. The methods used by Ernest Burch in his research of traditional Inupiaq societies serve as guides in this research, though the resulting reconstruction differs in important ways from the groups he describes in northwest Alaska. C1 [Ganley, Matt L.] Bering Straits Native Corp, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wheeler, Polly C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Subsistence Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ganley, ML (reprint author), Bering Straits Native Corp, 4600 DeBarr Rd,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mganley@beringstraits.com; polly_wheeler@fws.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 113 EP 127 PG 15 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 136RE UT WOS:000318380300009 ER PT S AU Somma, A Sayers, R Brady, D AF Somma, Angela Sayers, Rick Brady, Don BE Racke, KD McGaughey, BD Cowles, JL Hall, AT Jackson, SH Jenkins, JJ Johnston, JJ TI Federal Agency Perspectives on ESA Process, Issues, and Potential Improvements SO PESTICIDE REGULATION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Endangered Species Act and Pesticide Regulation: Scientific and Process Improvements / 242nd Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, AGRO Div, Dow AgroScienes, CropLife Amer, Intrinsik Environm Sci AB Endangered Species Act (ESA) consultations on effects of pesticide registration activities pursuant to the Federal Insecticide, Rodenticide, and Fungicide Act are challenging, complicated and contentious. This paper outlines the ESA consultation process, the challenges in conducting consultations on pesticide registration activities, and some potential improvements to the process. C1 [Somma, Angela] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sayers, Rick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Brady, Don] US Environm Protect Agcy, Potomac Yard 1, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Somma, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Angela.Somma@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2703-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1111 BP 31 EP + PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEO32 UT WOS:000317550400003 ER PT S AU Golden, NH Noguchi, GE Paul, KA Buford, DJ AF Golden, Nancy H. Noguchi, George E. Paul, Keith A. Buford, Daniel J. BE Racke, KD McGaughey, BD Cowles, JL Hall, AT Jackson, SH Jenkins, JJ Johnston, JJ TI Consideration of Nontraditional Endpoints in the Assessment of Ecological Risk under the Endangered Species Act SO PESTICIDE REGULATION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Endangered Species Act and Pesticide Regulation: Scientific and Process Improvements / 242nd Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, AGRO Div, Dow AgroScienes, CropLife Amer, Intrinsik Environm Sci ID ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; PESTICIDES; FRAMEWORK; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; FISH AB As the field of environmental toxicology progresses, research is revealing effects on species that expand beyond the traditional endpoints of survival, growth, and reproduction as measured in single organism lab studies. Exposure to contaminants can result in adverse effects to endocrine function, olfaction, behavior, and other physiological impairments that may be exacerbated in combination with ecological stressors. Decisions regarding the management of species listed under the Endangered Species Act necessitate an examination of the best available data regarding all the effects of stressors on the conservation of those species, as well as treatment of uncertainty that is inclusive of all potential risks and is commensurate with their protected status. Analysis of potential linkages between sublethal responses of pesticides to higher-order responses in individuals and populations often requires extrapolation of incomplete data sets to provide protection to vulnerable species facing a myriad of potential threats. The adverse outcome pathway model provides a useful framework for the incorporation and use of currently available data, as well as a means to identify vital data gaps to be filled through future research and monitoring. C1 [Golden, Nancy H.; Noguchi, George E.; Paul, Keith A.; Buford, Daniel J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Golden, NH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4401 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Nancy_Golden@fws.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2703-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1111 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEO32 UT WOS:000317550400020 ER PT S AU Jones, CE Bawden, G Deverel, S Dudas, J Hensley, S Yun, SH AF Jones, Cathleen E. Bawden, Gerald Deverel, Steven Dudas, Joel Hensley, Scott Yun, Sang-Ho BE Notarnicola, C Paloscia, S Pierdicca, N TI Study of movement and seepage along levees using DINSAR and the airborne UAVSAR instrument SO SAR IMAGE ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TECHNIQUES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on SAR Image Analysis, Modeling and Techniques XII CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE levees and dikes; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing; seepage detection; UAVSAR; Sacramento Delta AB We have studied the utility of high resolution synthetic aperture radar for levee monitoring using UAVSAR data collected over the dikes and levees in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and the lower Mississippi River. Our study has focused on detecting and tracking changes that are indicative of potential problem spots, namely deformation of the levees, subsidence along the levee toe, and seepage through the levees, making use of polarimetric and interferometric SAR techniques. Here we present some results of those studies, which show that high resolution, low noise SAR imaging could supplement more traditional ground-based monitoring methods by providing early indicators of seepage and deformation. C1 [Jones, Cathleen E.; Hensley, Scott; Yun, Sang-Ho] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bawden, Gerald] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Deverel, Steven] HydroFocus Inc, Davis, CA USA. [Dudas, Joel] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Jones, CE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration. FX The UAVSAR data are courtesy of NASA/ JPL- Caltech ( http:// uavsar. jpl. nasa. gov or http:// www. asf. alaska. edu). We acknowledge the participation of NASA DEVELOP students Austin Madson, Kevin O'Connell, and Katrina Laygo in the Mississippi River flood study, made possible through funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research was conducted in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9276-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8536 AR 85360E DI 10.1117/12.976885 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEK86 UT WOS:000317134300009 ER PT S AU Bronte, CR Walch, KA Dettmers, JM Gaden, M Connerton, MJ Daniels, ME Newcomb, TJ AF Bronte, Charles R. Walch, Kenneth A. Dettmers, John M. Gaden, Marc Connerton, Michael J. Daniels, Marion E. Newcomb, Tammy J. BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI A Coordinated Mass Marking Program for Salmonines Stocked into the Laurentian Great Lakes SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID TROUT REHABILITATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; FOOD-WEB; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR; HISTORY; HURON; RESTORATION; SUCCESSION; ALEWIVES AB Fisheries managers in the Laurentian Great Lakes annually stock over 30 million salmonines (salmon and trout) to diversify sport fisheries, restore native fish populations, and control invasive fishes. However, little is known about how well these fish survive, contribute to the fisheries, and reproduce in the wild. As a result, the Council of Lake Committees (CLC), a basin-wide group of fishery managers that operates under the auspices of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, agreed in 2005 to develop a basin-wide program to mark all stocked salmonines. This marking effort would provide greater insight into survival of stocked fish, the contribution of stocked adults to restoration of native fishes, the ability to manage harvest away from wild fish, and the opportunity to evaluate and improve hatchery operations. After evaluating the available marking and tagging options, the CLC chose to pursue mass-marking of all stocked salmonines. The program is based on the Pacific Northwest Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus sp. marking program and utilizes adipose fin-clips and coded-wire tags. When fully developed, the program aims to tag all hatchery-reared trout and salmon released in to the Great Lakes (about 30 million annually). The full program will require nine automated trailers and four manual trailers (total equipment costs: $13.7 million U.S. in 2007). Annual operations including tags, recovery efforts, and tag extraction services, will cost about $5.9 million. An operational plan has been completed to mark all fish prior to stocking, and to recover tagged fish as part of regular fishery surveys from anglers, commercial fishers, and charter boat operators. A data management system will be developed to cooperatively archive and analyze recovery data to answer questions of lake-wide or basin:wide scope. Efforts are underway to communicate to stakeholders the benefits Of mass marking and to secure the necessary funding for equipment and annual operations. Project leaders expect this program to be fully implemented within five years but that schedule is predicated on funding levels and subsequent agency commitment. This project is an excellent example of cooperative, proactive efforts to improve and refine fisheries management across the Great Lakes basin. C1 [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Walch, Kenneth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89166 USA. [Dettmers, John M.; Gaden, Marc] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Connerton, Michael J.] New York Dept Environm Conservat, New York, NY 13618 USA. [Daniels, Marion E.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Peterborough, ON KAL 8L5, Canada. [Newcomb, Tammy J.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM charles_bronte@fws.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 27 EP + PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900004 ER PT S AU Ostrand, KG Zydlewski, GB Gale, WL Zydlewski, JD AF Ostrand, Kenneth G. Zydlewski, Gayle B. Gale, William L. Zydlewski, Joseph D. BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI Long Term Retention, Survival, Growth, and Physiological Indicators of Juvenile Salmonids Marked with Passive Integrated Transponder Tags SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; SURGICAL IMPLANTATION; STEELHEAD; TECHNOLOGY; RIVERS; NA+ AB To track individuals in situ, over 12 million salmon and trout have been marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in the Columbia River Basin, USA. However, few studies have examined long term tag retention as well as tag effects on juvenile salmon and trout. We marked juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (N = 207), steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) O. mykiss (N = 221), cutthroat trout O. clarkii (N = 202) and bull trout Salvelinus confluentus (N = 180) with 12, 19, or 23 mm PIT tags and examined tag retention, survival, growth, and physiological performance over a six month period in a laboratory environment. PIT tag retention rates were high for coho salmon (100%), steelhead (95%), cutthroat trout (97%), and bull trout (99%), regardless of tag size. Survival was also high for coho (99%), steelhead (99%), cutthroat trout (97%), and bull trout (88%) and did not vary among tag sizes. Short term individual growth rates for coho salmon marked with 12 mm tags were significantly higher than those marked with 19 mm and 23 mm PIT tags. Likewise, steelhead trout individual growth rates were lower for fish marked with 23 mm PIT tags followed by 19 and 12 mm tags. Conversely, long-term growth rates were positive and not affected by tag size. There were no significant effects of tag size or marking on coho gill Na+, K+, -ATPase activity (mu mol ADP x mg protein(-1) h(-1)) and plasma osmolality (mu mol kg(-1)) or bull trout hepatosomatic indices. Our study suggests that marking juvenile salmonids with PIT tags results in high retention with little effect upon their survival, growth, and important physiological indicators regardless of tag size in a laboratory environment. C1 [Ostrand, Kenneth G.; Zydlewski, Gayle B.; Gale, William L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Techol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Ostrand, KG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Techol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM Kenneth_Ostrand@fws.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 135 EP + PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900009 ER PT S AU Schemmel, E Clements, S Schreck, C Noakes, D AF Schemmel, Eva Clements, Shaun Schreck, Carl Noakes, David BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI Using Radio Telemetry to Evaluate the Success of a Hatchery Steelhead Recycling Program SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WILD; SALMON; CONTRIBUTE; LESSONS AB Many salmonid hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest recycle adult fish. This involves the transport and release of adult salmon or steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.) back downstream following their collection at the hatchery. The goal is to increase recreation along the river by providing additional opportunities for anglers to harvest fish. However, the effects of such programs have seldom been critically evaluated. We implanted radio-tags in adult hatchery origin steelhead captured at a hatchery and released them downstream to estimate the number of recycled radio-tagged steelhead that were caught in the recreational fishery, returned to the hatchery, and estimate the number that strayed. The fish tended to hold at the release site or outside of the hatchery entrance. Anglers reported catching 10.3% of the recycled fish, one of these was caught in a tributary. Due to hatchery trap closures, only approximately 10.3% of the recycled fish were caught again at the hatchery. Although more fish were available for recreational harvest, this recycling program increased the potential for fish from hatchery and wild origin to interact. C1 [Schemmel, Eva] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmondson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Clements, Shaun] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Schreck, Carl] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Noakes, David] Oregon Hatchery Reseach Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schemmel, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmondson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM eschemmel@gmail.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 371 EP + PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900023 ER PT B AU Zale, AV Sutton, TM Parrish, DL AF Zale, Alexander V. Sutton, Trent M. Parrish, Donna L. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Conducting Fisheries Investigations SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; TRIALS C1 [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Zale, AV (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600001 ER PT B AU Brown, ML Allen, MS Beard, TD AF Brown, Michael L. Allen, Micheal S. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Data Management and Statistical Techniques SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODEL SELECTION; INFORMATION; REGRESSION; POWER C1 [Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Allen, Micheal S.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 15 EP 77 PG 63 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600002 ER PT B AU Berry, CR Dennerline, D Rulifson, R AF Berry, Charles R., Jr. Dennerline, Don Rulifson, Roger BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Safety: Skills, Attitudes, Facts, and Equipment SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berry, Charles R., Jr.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Dennerline, Don] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units Program, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rulifson, Roger] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Berry, CR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, NPBL Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 79 EP 100 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600003 ER PT B AU Fisher, WL Bozek, MA Vokoun, JC Jacobson, RB AF Fisher, William L. Bozek, Michael A. Vokoun, Jason C. Jacobson, Robert B. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Freshwater Aquatic Habitat Measurements SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; NORTHERN WISCONSIN LAKES; NEST-SITE SELECTION; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; FISH-HABITAT; SMALLMOUTH BASS; STREAM HABITAT; UNITED-STATES C1 [Fisher, William L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Vokoun, Jason C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Fisher, WL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 237 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 101 EP 161 PG 61 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600004 ER PT B AU Jennings, CA Sloss, BL Lasee, BA Burtle, GJ Moyer, GR AF Jennings, Cecil A. Sloss, Brian L. Lasee, Becky A. Burtle, Gary J. Moyer, Gregory R. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Care, Handling, and Examination of Sampled Organisms SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CODED MEASURING SYSTEMS; SAVANNA RIVER ESTUARY; GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; LONG-TERM; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA-SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES C1 [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Lasee, Becky A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Burtle, Gary J.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 145 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 163 EP 221 PG 59 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600005 ER PT B AU Hubert, WA Pope, KL Dettmers, JM AF Hubert, Wayne A. Pope, Kevin L. Dettmers, John M. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Passive Capture Techniques SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; FYKE-NET CATCHES; MESH GILL NETS; SAMPLING CHANNEL CATFISH; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LAKE TROUT; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; LONGLINE FISHERY C1 [Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 NR 251 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 223 EP 265 PG 43 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600006 ER PT B AU Pine, WE Hightower, JE Coggins, LG Lauretta, MV Pollock, KH AF Pine, William E. Hightower, Joseph E. Coggins, Lewis G. Lauretta, Matthew V. Pollock, Kenneth H. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Design and Analysis of Tagging Studies SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VISIBLE IMPLANT ELASTOMER; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TAG REPORTING RATE; ESTIMATING MIGRATION RATES; GROWTH CURVE PARAMETERS; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; MARK-RECAPTURE; STRIPED BASS; COLORADO RIVER; BLUEFIN TUNA C1 [Pine, William E.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pine, William E.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Lauretta, Matthew V.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 170 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 521 EP 572 PG 52 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600011 ER PT B AU Neumann, RM Guy, CS Willis, DW AF Neumann, Robert M. Guy, Christopher S. Willis, David W. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Length, Weight, and Associated Indices SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION-SIZE STRUCTURE; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; W-S EQUATIONS; RELATIVE WEIGHT; CATEGORIZATION STANDARDS; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; PROPOSED REVISION; COREGONUS-ARTEDI; FISH POPULATIONS; GROWTH C1 [Neumann, Robert M.] In Fisherman, Baxter, MN 56425 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Neumann, RM (reprint author), In Fisherman, 7819 Highland Scen Rd, Baxter, MN 56425 USA. NR 140 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 637 EP 676 PG 40 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600014 ER PT B AU Quist, MC Pegg, MA DeVries, DR AF Quist, Michael C. Pegg, Mark A. DeVries, Dennis R. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Age and Growth SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIZE-SPECIFIC GROWTH; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; BACK-CALCULATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; LIFE-HISTORY; FISH OTOLITHS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ESTUARINE FISH; FRESH-WATER; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS C1 [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pegg, Mark A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [DeVries, Dennis R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Box 441141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 205 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 677 EP 731 PG 55 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600015 ER PT B AU Garvey, JE Chipps, SR AF Garvey, James E. Chipps, Steven R. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Diets and Energy Flow SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; REMOVING STOMACH CONTENTS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; GASTRIC LAVAGE; LIVE FISH; TROPHIC POSITION; GIZZARD SHAD; FATTY-ACIDS C1 [Garvey, James E.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Garvey, James E.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Garvey, JE (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RI Garvey, Jim/A-4919-2012 OI Garvey, Jim/0000-0001-5393-9351 NR 159 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 733 EP 779 PG 47 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600016 ER PT J AU Seamans, ME Ludwig, JP Stromborg, K Ludwig, FE Ludwig, FE AF Seamans, Mark E. Ludwig, James P. Stromborg, Ken Ludwig, Frederick E., II Ludwig, Frederick E. TI Annual Survival of Double-crested Cormorants from the Great Lakes, 1979-2006 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE annual survival; depredation order; Double-crested Cormorant; Great Lakes; Phalacrocorax auritus ID POPULATION; GROWTH; RATES AB Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) populations have rapidly increased in the Great Lakes and in wintering areas in the southeast USA since the mid-1970s, resulting in conflicts with humans. To increase understanding of their population biology, band-recovery models were used to estimate temporal trends in hatch year (HY), second year (SF), and after second year (ASY) survival of cormorants banded in the Great Lakes from 1979 to 2006. SY and ASY annual survival varied among years with no apparent trend. HY annual survival exhibited a negative log-linear trend. Lack of clear temporal patterns in SF and ASY survival suggested that increases in cormorant abundance subsequent to 1979 did not impact survival in these age-classes, whereas HY annual survival declined as abundance increased. In addition, issuance of depredation orders in 1998 and 2003 appeared to have a small negative effect on HY survival, but no clear effect on SF and ASY annual survival. The percentage of band returns reported from cormorant control operations generally increased over time, and greatly during the depredation orders. Mean +/- SE annual survival from 1979 to 2006 was 0.446 +/- 0.022 for HY, 0.835 +/- 0.026 for SF, and 0.884 +/- 0.020 for ASY individuals. Although increases in cormorant abundance did not appear to be related to increases in annual survival, the relatively high average annual survival rate of ASY cormorants may have been responsible for rapid population growth in the 1980s and 1990s in the Great Lakes. Received 31 October 2007, accepted 7 April 2008. C1 [Seamans, Mark E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Stromborg, Ken] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Seamans, ME (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 755 Parfet St,Suite 235, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. EM mark_seamans@fws.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800004 ER PT J AU Stromborg, KL Ivan, JS Netto, JK Courtney, CR AF Stromborg, Kenneth L. Ivan, Jacob S. Netto, John K. Courtney, Chad R. TI Survivorship and Mortality Patterns of Double-crested Cormorants at Spider Island, Wisconsin, 1988-2006 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE bird banding; Double-crested Cormorant; Lake Michigan; mark-recapture; mortality; survival ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CONTAMINANTS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Banding records were examined to identify changes in mortality causes and locations of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Door County, Wisconsin. In 14 out of 18 years between 1988 and 2005, a total of 22,469 birds were banded (300 to 5,462; average 1,605 per active banding year). Of 649 usable band returns (36.1 +/- 5.4 per year), 33% were banding-year recoveries (before 1 May of the first year of life). The yearly rate of banding-year recoveries increased from 0.7% per year before 1996 to 2.2% per year after 1999. The yearly proportion of all band recoveries attributed to animal damage control operations also increased over time. The yearly proportion of band returns from Mississippi Delta states increased over time. Mortality rates, both natural and anthropogenic, of cormorants from these colonies appear to have risen as the population has grown and control activities in southern states have increased. Apparent survival rates were estimated by mark-recapture methods during 2001 to 2006. Birds color-banded as adults had a model-averaged annual survival rate of 0.696. For birds banded as nestlings, the model-averaged survival rates were: 0.305 (first year), 0.774 (second and third year), and 0.633 (adults). Simulations of these measured survival rates combined with previously estimated reproductive rates demonstrated that emigration and immigration rates complicate interpretation of these results. Also, simulations demonstrate the potential efficacy of reproductive controls in reducing local breeding populations. Submitted 21 September 2007, accepted 27 November 2009. C1 [Stromborg, Kenneth L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Stromborg, KL (reprint author), 5059 Larsenville Rd, Denmark, WI 54208 USA. EM kstromborg@theglobalnet.net FU Environmental Contaminants program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Migratory Birds program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The research was conducted under U.S. Federal Bird Banding permit #22281. We appreciate the cooperation of private landowners in granting access to Hat and Jack Islands We thank J. Hemming and K. Hansen for assistance with the manuscript and an anonymous reviewer who led us to explore additional analyses. Funding was provided by the Environmental Contaminants and Migratory Birds programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but the conclusions and opinions expressed are those of the authors. Finally, we are grateful for the efforts of the many volunteers who assisted over the years both in banding and recording observations under often uncomfortable and demanding conditions. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800005 ER PT J AU Coleman, JTH Adams, CM Kandel, M Richmond, ME AF Coleman, Jeremy T. H. Adams, Connie M. Kandel, Mark Richmond, Milo E. TI Eating the Invaders: The Prevalence of Round Goby (Apollonia melanostomus) in the Diet of Double-crested Cormorants on the Niagara River SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Apollonia melanostomus; diet; Double-crested Cormorant; exotic; invasive; Niagara River; Phalacrocorax auritus; Round Goby ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ERIE; GOBIES; INVASIONS; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; ONTARIO; IMPACT; LENGTH AB The Round Goby (Apollonia melanostomus) is a small benthic fish, native to the Eurasian Ponto-Caspian region, that has rapidly spread through the entire Laurentian Great Lakes system since its 1990 discovery in Lake St. Clair. Tolerant of high population densities, the exotic Round Goby competes aggressively with native fish for food and habitat, and has increasingly been exploited by endemic Great Lakes predators. A management program for the Upper Niagara River, initiated in 2004, has provided an opportunity to study the interactions between these invaders and the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), a native top predator. The gut contents of 1,119 cormorants nesting at two sites in the Upper Niagara River from 2004 to 2007 were examined, and the species composition of ingested prey (by number and weight) was quantified for the 600 stomachs that contained identifiable prey. Results of these analyses indicate that Round Goby can constitute up to 85% of the biomass in cormorant diet during periods of the breeding season, and that gobies are consumed by cormorants through all dates sampled (May through August). Lengths of Round Gobies recovered in the cormorant diet were skewed towards larger members of the goby population, suggesting non-random selection relative to the range of size possibilities, and displayed significant declines in length between and within seasons. Received November 2007, accepted 12 December 2009. C1 [Coleman, Jeremy T. H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Adams, Connie M.; Kandel, Mark] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Richmond, Milo E.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Coleman, JTH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM jeremy_coleman@fws.gov FU NewYork State Department of Environmental Conservation; New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Cornell Biological Field Station FX Support was provided by the NewYork State Department of Environmental Conservation, the New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Cornell Biological Field Station. We thank the following for their contributions: F. Chen, J. Curtiss, G. Ecker, N. Edwards, B. Landahl, J Tyson, S. Prindle, T. VanDeValk, and three anonymous reviewers. This is contribution number 281 from the Cornell Biological Field Station. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800013 ER PT B AU Howlett, E Wilcox, K Crosby, A Bird, A Signell, R Graves, S Maskey, M Keiser, K Smith, L Wright, D Luettich, R Hanson, J Baltes, R AF Howlett, Eoin Wilcox, Kyle Crosby, Alex Bird, Andrew Signell, Richard Graves, Sara Maskey, Manil Keiser, Ken Smith, Liz Wright, Don Luettich, Rick Hanson, Jeff Baltes, Rebecca GP IEEE TI The US IOOS Coastal and Ocean Modeling Testbed for Advancing Research to Applications SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Coastal waters and lowlands of the U. S. are threatened by climate change, sea-level rise, flooding, oxygen depleted "dead zones", oil spills and unforeseen disasters. With funding from U. S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)), the Southeast University Research Association (SURA) facilitated strong and strategic collaborations among experts from academia, federal operational centers and industry and guided the U. S. IOOS Coastal and Ocean Modeling Testbed (COMT) through its successful pilot phase. The focus of this paper is the development of the cyberinfrastructure, including successes and challenges during this pilot phase of the COMT. This is the first testbed intended to serve multiple federal agencies and be focused on the coastal ocean and Great Lakes. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) has offered an operational base for the COMT, which addresses NCEP modeling challenges in coastal predictions by enabling the transition of research improvements into NCEP's operational forecast capability. Additional Federal participants include Navy, U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), Environmental Protection Agency and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The mission of the Coastal and Ocean Modeling Testbed (COMT) is to use targeted research and development to accelerate the transition of scientific and technical advances from the coastal and ocean modeling research community to improve identified operational ocean products and services (i.e. via research to applications and also applications to research). The vision of the program is to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and scope of the federal suite of operational ocean modeling products, while ensuring its user community is better equipped to solve challenging coastal problems and recognize the COMT to be where the best coastal science is operationalized. Since its initiation in June, 2010, the COMT has developed to include a flexible and extensible community research framework to test and evaluate predictive models to address key coastal environmental issues. Initially, the COMT addressed three general research challenges of socioeconomic relevance: estuarine hypoxia, shelf hypoxia, and coastal inundation. A cyberinfrastructure was developed to facilitate model assessment based on community standards, including a distributed data repository, automated cataloging mechanism, quick browse facility, and tools for flexible and detailed scientific investigation of both model output and data. Models, tools and techniques from the Testbed are starting to be incorporated into the NOAA research and operational frameworks, reducing the transition time from research to federal operations. Ultimately, the COMT has had many successes as a pilot project and provides an effective and efficient environment for coordinating and improving coastal ocean and Great Lakes modeling efforts needed by the federal operational forecasting community. C1 [Howlett, Eoin; Wilcox, Kyle; Crosby, Alex; Bird, Andrew] Appl Sci Associates, S Kingstown, RI 02879 USA. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Graves, Sara; Maskey, Manil; Keiser, Ken] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Smith, Liz; Wright, Don] Southeastern Univ Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Luettich, Rick] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hanson, Jeff] US Army Corps Engn, Duck, NC USA. [Baltes, Rebecca] US IOOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Howlett, E (reprint author), Appl Sci Associates, S Kingstown, RI 02879 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300185 ER PT B AU Martini, M Warner, JC List, J Armstrong, B Montgomery, E Marshall, N AF Martini, Marinna Warner, John C. List, Jeff Armstrong, Brandy Montgomery, Ellyn Marshall, Nicole GP IEEE TI Observations of Ocean Circulation and Sediment Transport Experiment offshore of Fire Island, NY SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE waves; currents; acoustic Doppler profiler; biofouling; telemetry AB Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in collaboration with Coastal Carolina University (CCU) and University of South Carolina (USC), conducted a scientific field study to investigate the ocean circulation and sediment transport processes offshore of Fire Island, NY. Although the physical processes along the entire linear extent of Fire Island (similar to 50 km) are of interest to the project, one particular region of focus is at the western end of the island where offshore sand ridges out to depths of 20 m extend across the inner shelf and connect to the near-shore bar system. The primary objective was to measure the physical processes around the sand ridges, including circulation patterns, wave parameters, bottom stress, and suspended sediment. Transects of instrumentation were positioned along and across the crests and troughs of the ridge field. A site at the top of a ridge and a site at the bottom of an adjacent trough were each populated with two tripods designed to provide high-resolution measurements near the sea-bed to record sediment re-suspension events. Measurements at these two sites include near bottom velocity profiles, acoustic Doppler velocimeters, pressure, optical transmission and backscatter at high sampling rates. Other measurements include upward looking velocity profiles, temperature, salinity, sonar images and profiles, and sediment size classes. Five smaller tripods were deployed to complete lines alongshore and across shore over a 5 km area to provide a regional picture. These tripods recorded upward looking velocity profiles and near bottom temperature, pressure and salinity. Surface buoys marked the position of the tripods and collected surface measurements at six of the sites. One buoy gathered meteorological measurements. The sites were occupied from January to April, 2012. This deployment was similar to previous efforts off Cape Hatteras, NC, in 2009, and is part of an ongoing effort to understand regional patterns in circulation and sediment transport and the interaction of inner shelf and near shore processes. New instrumentation for the USGS was introduced, including a variety of current and wave measurement equipment, acquisition and telemetry in near-real-time of the weather data, time series sonar imaging equipment, and anti-fouling wipers. Preliminary results suggest a complex and subtle relationship between wind and across shore current velocity in this region, and a more straightforward relationship between winds and alongshore currents. This paper also includes a preliminary report on the effectiveness of new measurement techniques used during this experiment. C1 [Martini, Marinna; Warner, John C.; List, Jeff; Armstrong, Brandy; Montgomery, Ellyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Marshall, Nicole] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Martini, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300017 ER PT B AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina GP IEEE TI Mapping Oil in a Coastal Marsh with Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Oil; Marsh; Remote Sensing; Multi-polarization; Radar; Decomposition; Classification ID SAR; DECOMPOSITION AB Our research focused on the effectiveness of high spatial resolution and fully polarimetric L-band SAR (NASA Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR [UAVSAR]) for mapping oil in wetlands, specifically during the Macondo-1 oil spill and its impacts within Barataria Bay in eastern coastal Louisiana. Oil detection relied on PolSAR decomposition and subsequent classifications of the pre-spill (2009) and post-spill (2010) single look complex (SLC) scenes and numerous site observations. Results found that observed shoreline marsh structural damage accompanied by oil occurrence were evident as anomalous features on post-spill but not on the pre-spill SLC flight line data and that these nearshore features were reflected as a change in dominant scatter in Freeman-Durden (FD) and Cloude-Pottier (CP) decompositions and Wishart classifications seeded with the FD and CP classes. Pre- and post-spill SLC data and all decompositions and classifications also revealed a class of interior marshes within the central core of the study region that was associated with a transform of dominant scatter mechanism. The change of dominant scatter is associated with a preponderance of evidence that supports the penetration of oil-polluted waters into interior marshes. Contrary to documented nearshore impacts, however, the lack of contemporaneous observational data and possible shallow flooding in the pre-spill marsh prevent absolute determination of whether UAVSAR detected oil occurrences in the interior marshes. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] LLC, Five Rivers Serv, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov; rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300140 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ Iko, WM Hofmeister, EK AF Dusek, Robert J. Iko, William M. Hofmeister, Erik K. BE Paul, E TI Prevalence and Effects of West Nile Virus on Wild American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Populations in Colorado SO EMERGING AVIAN DISEASE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE American Kestrel; Colorado; Falco sparverius; nesting; raptor; reproductive success; West Nile virus ID OWLS MEGASCOPS-ASIO; ANTIBODY PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; MORTALITY; CROWS; OUTCOMES; BIRDS; HAWKS AB To assess the potential impacts of West Nile virus (WNV) on a wild population of free-ranging raptors, we investigated the prevalence and effects of WNV on American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) breeding along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in northern Colorado. We monitored kestrel nesting activity at 131 nest boxes from March to August 2004. Of 81 nest attempts, we obtained samples from 111 adults and 250 young. We did not detect WNV in sera; however, 97.3% (108/111) of adults tested positive for WNV neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, 10.0% (23/240) of chicks tested positive for WNV neutralizing antibodies, which possibly represented passive transfer of maternal antibodies. Clutch size, hatching, and fledging success in our study did not differ from that previously reported for this species, suggesting that previous WNV exposure in kestrels did not have an effect on reproductive parameters measured in the breeding population we studied in 2004. C1 [Dusek, Robert J.; Iko, William M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Hofmeister, Erik K.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov; kob@usgs.gov; ehofmeister@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95220-1 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 42 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDN69 UT WOS:000314056800005 ER PT J AU Cook, S Zwinger, T Rutt, IC O'Neel, S Murray, T AF Cook, S. Zwinger, T. Rutt, I. C. O'Neel, S. Murray, T. TI Testing the effect of water in crevasses on a physically based calving model SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIDEWATER GLACIERS; OUTLET GLACIERS; ICE; GREENLAND; DYNAMICS; ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS; ANTARCTICA; RETREAT; BALANCE AB A new implementation of a calving model, using the finite-element code Elmer, is presented and used to investigate the effects of surface water within crevasses on calving rate. For this work, we use a two-dimensional flowline model of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. Using the glacier's 1993 geometry as a starting point, we apply a crevasse-depth calving criterion, which predicts calving at the location where surface crevasses cross the waterline. Crevasse depth is calculated using the Nye formulation. We find that calving rate in such a regime is highly dependent on the depth of water in surface crevasses, with a change of just a few metres in water depth causing the glacier to change from advancing at a rate of 3.5 km a(-1) to retreating at a rate of 1.9 km a(-1). These results highlight the potential for atmospheric warming and surface meltwater to trigger glacier retreat, but also the difficulty of modelling calving rates, as crevasse water depth is difficult to determine either by measurement in situ or surface mass-balance modelling. C1 [Cook, S.; Rutt, I. C.; Murray, T.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Glaciol Grp, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Zwinger, T.] CSC IT Ctr Sci Ltd, Espoo, Finland. [O'Neel, S.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Cook, S (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Glaciol Grp, Singleton Pk, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. EM 473788@swansea.ac.uk RI Rutt, Ian/A-6307-2012; OI Rutt, Ian/0000-0003-4015-6010; Cook, Sue/0000-0001-9878-4218; Zwinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3360-4401 FU HPC-Europa2 project [228398]; European Commission Capacities Area-Research Infrastructures Initiative; Leverhulme Trust Research Leadership Scheme; Swansea University postgraduate research studentship FX This work has been supported by the HPC-Europa2 project (project No. 228398) with the support of the European Commission Capacities Area-Research Infrastructures Initiative and resources from CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd, as well as the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Program. This research forms part of the GLIMPSE project funded by the Leverhulme Trust Research Leadership Scheme. S. Cook was funded by a Swansea University postgraduate research studentship. We thank all involved with recent Columbia Glacier data acquisition, including but not limited to: Tad Pfeffer, Howard Conway, Ian Howat, Yushin Ahn, Ben Smith, Kenny Matsuoka, Ethan Welty, Robert McNabb and Chris Larsen. We also thank Doug MacAyeal and one anonymous reviewer for their great help in improving the manuscript. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 60 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.3189/2012AoG60A107 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 095BU UT WOS:000315310300013 ER PT J AU Johnston, V Bart, J AF Johnston, Victoria Bart, Jonathan BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Goals and Objectives SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Johnston, Victoria] Environm Canada, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Johnston, V (reprint author), Environm Canada, POB 2310,5019-52 St,4th Floor, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. EM vicky.johnston@ec.gc.ca; jon_bart@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700002 ER PT J AU Bart, J Johnston, V Smith, PA Manning, A Rausch, J Brown, S AF Bart, Jonathan Johnston, Victoria Smith, Paul A. Manning, Ann Rausch, Jennie Brown, Stephen BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Methods SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE arctic; monitoring; population size; PRISM; shorebirds AB Detecting declines in population size is one of the highest priorities of the shorebird initiatives in Canada and the United States. The quantitative goal is 80% power to detect a 50% decline, occurring during no more than 20 years, with a significance level of 0.15, using a two-tailed test, and incorporating effects of potential bias into the estimator. The Arctic PRISM program was designed to achieve this goal for arctic-nesting shorebird populations. The survey methods are an application of double sampling. Rapid surveys were made on a large number of plots selected from throughout arctic Alaska and Canada using stratified random sampling. Intensive surveys were made on a subsample of the plots to obtain detection rates, which were used to calibrate results from rapidly surveyed plots. Surveys will be made of the entire arctic region, each lasting several years and producing an estimate of average population size during the survey period. Results from two or more survey periods will be used to estimate change, or trend, in population size. C1 [Bart, Jonathan; Manning, Ann] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Johnston, Victoria] Environm Canada, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. [Rausch, Jennie] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; vicky.johnston@ec.gc.ca; paul_smith@smitheco.ca; manning_ann@yahoo.com; jennie.rausch@ec.gc.ca; sbrown@manomet.org NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700003 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Smith, PA Andres, BA Donaldson, G Brown, S AF Skagen, Susan K. Smith, Paul A. Andres, Brad A. Donaldson, Garry Brown, Stephen BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Contribution of Arctic PRISM to Monitoring Western Hemispheric Shorebirds FOREWORD SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; RED-NECKED PHALAROPES; NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; LESSER SNOW GEESE; POPULATION TRENDS; AERIAL SURVEYS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL-PLAIN; FOXE BASIN C1 [Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Donaldson, Garry] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Gatineau, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM susan_skagen@usgs.gov; paul_smith@smitheco.ca; brad_andres@fws.gov; garry.donaldson@ec.gc.ca; sbrown@manomet.org NR 323 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP IX EP + PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700001 ER PT J AU McCaffery, BJ Bart, J Wightman, C Krueper, DJ AF McCaffery, Brian J. Bart, Jonathan Wightman, Catherine Krueper, David J. BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Shorebird Surveys in Western Alaska SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; Alaska Maritime; Alaska Peninsula; Density; Dunlin; monitoring; National Wildlife Refuge; phalaropes; population size; PRISM; sandpipers; Selawik; shorebirds; turnstones; Yukon Delta; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta AB Surveys for breeding shorebirds were conducted during 2001-2002 in four National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in western Alaska-Alaska Maritime, Alaska Peninsula, Yukon Delta, and Selawik. The sizes of our study areas on and adjacent to these four refuges were 9,243 km(2), 24,493 km(2), 853 km(2), and 15,170 km(2), respectively. Eleven sites were selected non-randomly: three in the Alaska Maritime NWR, six in the Alaska Peninsula, and one each in the other two NWRs. Survey and analytic methods are described in Bart et al. (chapter 2, this volume). Rapid surveys were conducted on 224 plots; 2,163 indicated pairs of shorebirds were recorded, of which 1,485 were judged to be nesting in the surveyed plots. Detection ratios were estimated using intensive plot data from northern Alaska as well as from two plots on the Yukon Delta NWR. The highest estimated densities (shorebirds/km(2)) were on the Yukon Delta Study Area: 416 in wetlands and 300 in moist areas. The estimated densities on the Alaska Peninsula study area were 118 in wetlands and 62 in uplands. Other densities were markedly lower. Estimated numbers of shorebirds were 62,000 (CV = 0.58), 1,804,000 (CV = 0.32), 310,000 (CV = 0.11), and 390,000 (CV = 0.35) in the Alaska Maritime, Alaska Peninsula, Yukon Delta, and Selawik study areas, respectively. The former two estimates were affected by selection bias of unknown magnitude and so should be regarded with caution. A small estimate was generated for the Yukon Delta study area because it covered only about 1% of the Yukon Delta NWR. We identify several species-specific estimates from our study which appear inconsistent with previous continental estimates. This pilot study provides preliminary estimates of species composition and density in the surveyed areas. By incorporating several region-specific modifications to the sampling protocols for future surveys, we believe that the Arctic PRISM method is suitable for covering large areas in western Alaska. C1 [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Wightman, Catherine] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Krueper, David J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Program, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP McCaffery, BJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 346, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. EM brian_mccaffery@fws.gov; jon_bart@usgs.gov; cwightman@mt.gov; dave_krueper@fws.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 19 EP 36 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700004 ER PT J AU Bart, J Brown, S Andres, BA Platte, R Manning, A AF Bart, Jonathan Brown, Stephen Andres, Brad A. Platte, Robert Manning, Ann BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI North Slope of Alaska SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; landbirds; North Slope; population estimates; shorebirds; surveys; waterbirds; waterfowl AB We used a combination of ground and aerial surveys to characterize the abundance and distribution of shorebirds and other birds on the North Slope of Alaska. The double sampling method, which we used for the ground surveys, is described in Bart et al. (chapter 2, this volume). The aerial surveys were conducted during 1992-2005 and covered most of the study area. We present numbers recorded, estimated densities and population sizes, and habitat relationships for shorebirds and other species. Most species occurred in higher density, and had much larger populations, in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska than west of the Colville River. The most abundant shorebirds were Semi-palmated Sandpipers and Pectoral Sandpipers, with estimated populations of about 1.2 million birds each; and Long-billed Dowitchers, Red and Red-necked Phalaropes, and Dunlin, with estimated populations of 500,000-700,000 each. The most abundant waterfowl were Northern Pintails, Greater White-fronted Geese, and Long-tailed Ducks, with estimated populations of 200,000-300,000 each. Glaucous and Sabine's Gulls, Arctic Terns, and Parasitic and Long-tailed Jaegers each had estimated populations of about 30,000-100,000. Lapland Longspurs, Savannah Sparrows, and Willow Ptarmigan were the most common landbirds, with estimated populations of about 1 million each. All but a few species were most common in wetlands and least common in uplands. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Platte, Robert] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Manning, Ann] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; sbrown@manomet.org; brad_andres@fws.gov; bob_platte@fws.gov; manning_ann@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 37 EP 96 PG 60 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700005 ER PT J AU Bart, J Andres, BA Elliott, KH Francis, CM Johnston, V Morrison, RIG Pierce, EP Rausch, J AF Bart, Jonathan Andres, Brad A. Elliott, Kyle H. Francis, Charles M. Johnston, Victoria Morrison, R. I. G. Pierce, Elin P. Rausch, Jennie BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Small-scale and Reconnaissance Surveys SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aerial surveys; Alert; arctic; Axel Heiberg Island; Canada; Ellesmere Island; Fosheim Peninsula; Kent Peninsula; Kivalliq; Melville Island; monitoring; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; population size; Prince Patrick Island; PRISM; Quebec; range maps; reconnaissance; Red Knot; shorebirds; Somerset Island AB This chapter describes small-scale surveys at seven locations in arctic Canada. At Kent Peninsula, the standard double sampling method (Bart et al., chapter 2, this volume) was used to estimate densities and population sizes. Shorebird densities were low except on Melbourne Island. At the northern tip of Ellesmere Island, densities were too low for intensive plots to be practical, and some of the species became extremely cryptic once incubation started. Methods are suggested for dealing with both problems. On Somerset Island, detailed surveys were made at Creswell Bay and estimated densities and population sizes were obtained. On the rest of the island, we lacked a good habitat map and densities were extremely low. We found a few scattered shorebirds but were not able to obtain estimates of density of population size. At Quebec, shorebird density was strongly related to elevation. This relationship may provide an important basis for stratification in this region, especially since detailed landcover maps are lacking. On Melville and Prince Patrick Islands, shorebirds were found in the interior of the islands and in almost completely unvegetated areas, indicating that future surveys will need to cover the islands extensively rather than just the wetlands and adjacent bare areas. On Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands, a combination of aerial and ground surveys showed that while species richness was low, areas of Axel Heiberg Island and the Fosheim Peninsula had surprisingly high numbers of breeding shorebirds. Rope drag surveys proved critical in identifying nesting Red Knots. In the Kivalliq region on the west side of Hudson Bay, a combination of aerial and ground surveys documented high diversity and numbers of breeding shorebirds and other species. In addition, large numbers of passage birds were observed on the coast, though the overall importance of this region to spring migrants remains unknown. These surveys demonstrate the value of conducting small-scale reconnaissance surveys in unfamiliar regions prior to beginning the full-scale PRISM surveys to estimate density and population size. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Elliott, Kyle H.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Francis, Charles M.; Morrison, R. I. G.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Johnston, Victoria] Environm Canada, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Rausch, Jennie] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; brad_andres@fws.gov; haliaeetus@gmail.com; charles.francis@ec.gc.ca; vicky.johnston@ec.gc.ca; guy.morrison@ec.gc.ca; elpier@roadrunner.com; jennie.rausch@ec.gc.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 141 EP 155 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700009 ER PT J AU Bart, J Smith, PA AF Bart, Jonathan Smith, Paul A. BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Design of Future Surveys SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; arctic; Canada; monitoring; PRISM; sampling effort; shorebirds; survey effort AB This brief chapter addresses two related issues: how effort should be allocated to different parts of the sampling plan and, given optimal allocation, how large a sample will be required to achieve the PRISM accuracy target. Simulations based on data collected to date showed that two plots per cluster on rapid surveys, two intensive camps per field crew-year, 2-4 intensive plots per intensive camp, and 2-3 rapid surveys per intensive plot is the most efficient allocation of resources. Using this design, we investigated how crew-years should be allocated to each region in order to meet the PRISM accuracy target most efficiently. The analysis indicated that 40-50 crew-years would achieve the accuracy target for 18-24 of the 26 species breeding widely in the arctic. This analysis was based on assuming that two rounds of surveys were conducted and that a 50% decline occurred between them. We discuss the complexity of making these estimates and why they should be viewed as first approximations. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; paul_smith@smitheco.ca NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700014 ER PT J AU Bart, J Smith, PA AF Bart, Jonathan Smith, Paul A. BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Summary SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alaska; arctic; Canada; density; monitoring; population size; PRISM; shorebirds AB This chapter summarizes results in previous chapters by providing estimated densities and population sizes, in the areas we have surveyed, for Alaska, Canada, and both regions combined. A total of 1,554 rapid plots, covering 232 km(2), and 83 intensive plots were surveyed during the study. The monograph presents more than 600 density estimates and more than 200 estimated population sizes. Densities for all shorebirds combined were highest in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and next highest on the Alaska Peninsula and the NPRA. They were lower in eastern Alaska and most of Canada but were high in the Foxe Basin, including Southampton, Coats, Prince Charles, and Air Force Islands. Although densities were highest in wetlands, wetlands only contained about 45% of the shorebirds in our study area; uplands, in which densities were generally low, contained an estimated 27% of the total population. Uplands therefore should not be ignored in monitoring shorebird populations. We argue that the field and analytic methods are now well developed and can be relied on to produce rigorous estimates of density, habitat relationships, population size, and trends in population size. Comparison of our results with Morrison et al.'s (2006) estimates of population size indicate general agreement at the rank-order level, but where we could make detailed evaluations of their estimates, the Morrison et al. (2006) estimates are generally lower. All of the data, programs, and other results are available, free of charge, at http://greatbasin.wr.usgs.gov/CBM/default.asp?PageID=1. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; paul_smith@smitheco.ca NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 213 EP 238 PG 26 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700015 ER PT J AU Bart, J Johnston, V Rausch, J Smith, PA McCaffery, BJ AF Bart, Jonathan Johnston, Victoria Rausch, Jennie Smith, Paul A. McCaffery, Brian J. BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Priorities for Future PRISM Surveys SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE arctic; methodology; monitoring; PRISM; shorebirds; surveys AB This chapter summarizes strengths of the current Arctic PRISM method, discusses how it can be improved, and suggests which regions should have highest priority for future surveys. Strengths of the method include its ability to be used in conjunction with intensive surveys to address specific management issues (as in the Mackenzie Delta; see Rausch and Johnston, chapter 5, this volume), its ability to vary plot selection methods and sample sizes across regions, and its unbiased estimation of density and population size through the use of detection ratios. Needed improvements include minor refinements in the plot selection algorithm. We also suggest a major effort be undertaken in collaboration with waterfowl, waterbird, and landbird specialists to refine the surveys so that they provide reliable estimates for a wider suite of non-shorebirds. We also believe that additional information, for example on phenology, habitat relationships, and variables related to climate change, could usefully be gathered on the intensive plots. Work should also continue on the analytic program, for example, to provide for analysis of aerial survey data. The chapter closes with suggestions for which regions should have the highest priority for future surveys. In Alaska, the regions are (1) Yukon Delta NWR and (2) other areas of western Alaska that have not yet been surveyed. In Canada, the regions are (1) Region 8, which includes the mainland from Kent to Boothia Peninsulas, King William Island, and Victoria Island; (2) Region 9, which includes Banks Island to Somerset Island; and (3) the high arctic. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Johnston, Victoria] Environm Canada, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Rausch, Jennie] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada. [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; vicky.johnston@ec.gc.ca; jennie.rausch@ec.gc.ca; paul_smith@smitheco.ca; brian_mccaffery@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700016 ER PT J AU Bart, J Brown, S Morrison, RIG Smith, PA AF Bart, Jonathan Brown, Stephen Morrison, R. I. G. Smith, Paul A. BE Bart, J Johnston, V TI Other Methods for Estimating Trends of Arctic Birds SO ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA: A DECADE OF MONITORING SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE arctic; demographics; migration; monitoring; PRISM; shorebirds AB The Arctic PRISM was designed to determine shorebird population size and trend. During an extensive peer review of PRISM, some reviewers suggested that measuring demographic rates or monitoring shorebirds on migration would be more appropriate than estimating population size on the breeding grounds. However, each method has its own limitations. For demographic monitoring, an unbiased estimate based on a large sample of first-year survivorship would be extremely difficult for shorebirds in the arctic because the needed sample size would be unobtainable (in Canada at least) and the level of effort that would need to be expended (both financial and human resource-wise) would far exceed that of the current Arctic PRISM methodology. For migration monitoring, issues such as changes in use of monitored to non-monitored sites, residency times, and detection rates introduce bias that has not yet been resolved. While we believe demographic and migration monitoring are very valuable and are already components of the PRISM approach (e.g., Tier 2 sites focus on the collection of demographic data), we do not believe that either is likely to achieve the PRISM accuracy target of an 80% power to detect a 50% decline. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. [Morrison, R. I. G.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Smith, Paul A.] Smith & Associates Ecol Res Ltd, Pakenham, ON K0A 2X0, Canada. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov; sbrown@manomet.org; guy.morrison@ec.gc.ca; paul_smith@smitheco.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95349-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 44 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDL31 UT WOS:000313642700017 ER PT S AU Varanka, D Usery, EL AF Varanka, Dalia Usery, E. Lynn GP IEEE TI TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE TYPE VOCABULARIES FOR ONTOLOGY PATTERNS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE geospatial semantics; topographic data; controlled vocabulary; raster data AB Controlled vocabularies for topographic features on the geospatial semantic web are incomplete. A vocabulary for raster-based data is missing. The U. S. Geological Survey is developing controlled vocabularies for topographic data and environmental modeling, including raster data. C1 [Varanka, Dalia; Usery, E. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA. RP Varanka, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO USA. OI Varanka, Dalia/0000-0003-2857-9600 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 2884 EP 2886 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350724 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189403007 ER PT J AU Sanders, GE AF Sanders, George E. TI Zebrafish Housing, Husbandry, Health, and Care: IACUC Considerations SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Danio rerio; disease; housing systems; husbandry and care; institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC); resources; zebrafish ID FISH; GUIDE AB The articles in this issue review pertinent and specific information about infectious and noninfectious disease, housing system design and function, husbandry practices and techniques, and Internet resources as they specifically relate to zebrafish (Danio rerio). This article explores aspects that members of institutional animal care and use committees, husbandry care staff, physical plant personnel, veterinarians, principal investigators, and research personnel should consider with regard to the appropriate and necessary care and use of this unique fish model in a teaching, laboratory, or research setting. This information is designed to enhance understanding and facilitate collegial discussions to inform decision making about zebrafish care and use at various institutions or facilities. C1 [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Aquat Anim Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sanders, GE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Box 357190, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gsander@uw.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1093/ilar.53.2.205 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 089EQ UT WOS:000314893100011 PM 23382351 ER PT J AU Murrow, JL Clark, JD AF Murrow, Jennifer L. Clark, Joseph D. TI Effects of hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Louisiana black bear habitat SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE forest; habitat modeling; Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Rita; Louisiana black bear; Mahalanobis distance; Ursus americanus luteolus; wetland ID PEARL RIVER-BASIN; HOME-RANGE SIZE; ROE DEER; MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; THEMATIC MAPPER; LOCATION ERROR; SPACE-USE; FOREST; EXTINCTION AB The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) is comprised of 3 subpopulations, each being small, geographically isolated, and vulnerable to extinction. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the Louisiana and Mississippi coasts in 2005, potentially altering habitat occupied by this federally threatened subspecies. We used data collected on radio-telemetered bears from 1993 to 1995 and pre-hurricane landscape data to develop a habitat model based on the Mahalanobis distance (D-2) statistic. We then applied that model to post-hurricane landscape data where the telemetry data were collected (i.e., occupied study area) and where bear range expansion might occur (i.e., unoccupied study area) to quantify habitat loss or gain. The D-2 model indicated that quality bear habitat was associated with areas of high mast-producing forest density, low water body density, and moderate forest patchiness. Cross-validation and testing on an independent data set in central Louisiana indicated that prediction and transferability of the model were good. Suitable bear habitat decreased from 348 to 345 km(2) (0.9%) within the occupied study area and decreased from 34,383 to 33,891 km(2) (1.4%) in the unoccupied study area following the hurricanes. Our analysis indicated that bear habitat was not significantly degraded by the hurricanes, although changes that could have occurred on a microhabitat level would be more difficult to detect at the resolution we used. We suggest that managers continue to monitor the possible long-term effects of these hurricanes (e.g., vegetation changes from flooding, introduction of toxic chemicals, or water quality changes). C1 [Murrow, Jennifer L.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Murrow, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We would like to acknowledge and thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service, especially D. Fuller, who funded and supported this project. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries helped coordinate the contracting, for which we are grateful. We are deeply indebted to D. Walther, M. Davidson, C. Lowe, and the Black Bear Conservation Committee for helping us better understand bear habitat issues in southern Louisiana. Finally, we express our appreciation to R. Pace, M. Chamberlain, J. Ertel, and the other researchers and managers that came before us who collected the bear data, performed earlier analyses, and permitted their use in our study. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 EI 1938-5439 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 192 EP 205 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069TR UT WOS:000313460500007 ER PT J AU Ratnayeke, S van Manen, FT AF Ratnayeke, Shyamala van Manen, Frank T. TI Assessing sloth bears as surrogates for carnivore conservation in Sri Lanka SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE Carnivora; conservation surrogate; Melursus ursinus; Poisson regression; remote camera; sloth bear; species richness; Sri Lanka ID WASGOMUWA-NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION SURVEY; UMBRELLA; INDIA; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; INDICATORS; FLAGSHIPS; DENSITIES AB Bears are large, charismatic mammals whose presence often garners conservation attention. Because healthy bear populations typically require large, contiguous areas of habitat, land conservation actions often are assumed to benefit co-occurring species, including other mammalian carnivores. However, we are not aware of an empirical test of this assumption. We used remote camera data from 2 national parks in Sri Lanka to test the hypothesis that the frequency of detection of sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) is associated with greater richness of carnivore species. We focused on mammalian carnivores because they play a pivotal role in the stability of ecological communities and are among Sri Lanka's most endangered species. Seven of Sri Lanka's carnivores are listed as endangered, vulnerable, or near threatened, and little empirical information exists on their status and distribution. During 2002-03, we placed camera traps at 152 sites to document carnivore species presence. We used Poisson regression to develop predictive models for 3 categories of dependent variables: species richness of (1) all carnivores, (2) carnivores considered at risk, and (3) carnivores of least conservation concern. For each category, we analyzed 8 a priori models based on combinations of sloth bear detections, sample year, and study area and used Akaike's information criterion (AIC(c)) to test our research hypothesis. We detected sloth bears at 55 camera sites and detected 13 of Sri Lanka's 14 Carnivora species. Species richness of all carnivores showed positive associations with the number of sloth bear detections, regardless of study area. Sloth bear detections were also positively associated with species richness of carnivores at risk across both study years and study areas, but not with species richness of common carnivores. Sloth bears may serve as a valuable surrogate species whose habitat protection would contribute to conservation of other carnivores in Sri Lanka. C1 [van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ratnayeke, S (reprint author), Univ Dodoma, Sch Biol, POB 338, Dodoma, Tanzania. EM sratnaye-ke@gmail.com FU US National Science Foundation [0107293] FX Fieldwork was supported by Grant 0107293 from the US National Science Foundation. D. Brandenburg designed and constructed metal frames to protect camera units from bear and elephant damage. We are indebted to Park Wardens B.V.R. Jayaratne, W.S. Weragama, and L. Pieris for assisting with logistics, and to wildlife officers G.G. Karunaratne and K. Chamindha for accompanying us on remote camera surveys. Permits to conduct camera sampling at Wasgomuwa National Park were made to K. Padmalal. A. Bandara and R. Pieris assisted with fieldwork. C. Thatcher and L. Thompson assisted with GIS analyses. J.D. Clark helped with review of model results. R. Pethiyagoda and R. Nadaraja generously provided advice, assistance, and resources during the project. We thank R. Harris, J. McDonald, D. Garshelis, C. Parker, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government or the University of Tennessee. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 206 EP 217 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 069TR UT WOS:000313460500008 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, C Bunde, B Danielson, P Dewitz, J Fry, J Pu, RL AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Bunde, Brett Danielson, Patrick Dewitz, Jon Fry, Joyce Pu, Ruiliang TI Quantifying urban land cover change between 2001 and 2006 in the Gulf of Mexico region SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE impervious surface; urban; land cover; satellite image ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; NIGHTTIME LIGHTS; AREAS; PATTERNS; DATABASE; IMPACT; GROWTH AB We estimated urbanization rates (2001-2006) in the Gulf of Mexico region using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 and 2006 impervious surface products. An improved method was used to update the NLCD impervious surface product in 2006 and associated land cover transition between 2001 and 2006. Our estimation reveals that impervious surface increased 416 km(2) with a growth rate of 5.8% between 2001 and 2006. Approximately 1110.1 km(2) of non-urban lands were converted into urban land, resulting in a 3.2% increase in the region. Hay/pasture, woody wetland, and evergreen forest represented the three most common land cover classes that transitioned to urban. Among these land cover transitions, more than 50% of the urbanization occurred within 50 km of the coast. Our analysis shows that the close-to-coast land cover transition trend, especially within 10 km off the coast, potentially imposes substantial long-term impacts on regional landscape and ecological conditions. C1 [Xian, George] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Homer, Collin; Dewitz, Jon; Fry, Joyce] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bunde, Brett; Danielson, Patrick] USGS EROS Ctr, SGT, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pu, Ruiliang] Univ S Florida, Dept Geog, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X FU US Department of Interior [G08PC91508, G10PC0044]; USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX This material is published by permission of the US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, operated by USGS for the US Department of Interior under Contract No. G08PC91508 and G10PC0044. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.; We thank Roger Auch and Xuexia Chen for their review and comments and suggestions on the paper. George Xian's work is performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Brett Bunde and Patrick Danielson's works are performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 479 EP 497 DI 10.1080/10106049.2011.652675 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 085EC UT WOS:000314595500004 ER PT J AU Gerould, S AF Gerould, Sarah BE Bank, MS TI Mercury in the Environment PATTERN AND PROCESS FOREWORD SO MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT: PATTERN AND PROCESS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID TRENDS C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gerould, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM sgerould@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95139-6 PY 2012 BP IX EP X D2 10.1525/california/9780520271630.001.0001 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDH48 UT WOS:000313265400001 ER PT J AU Brooks, WE AF Brooks, William E. BE Bank, MS TI Industrial Use of Mercury in the Ancient World SO MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT: PATTERN AND PROCESS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERU; HUANCAVELICA; HEALTH C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Brooks, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM wbrooks@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95139-6 PY 2012 BP 19 EP 24 D2 10.1525/california/9780520271630.001.0001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDH48 UT WOS:000313265400004 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Bishop, K AF Shanley, James B. Bishop, Kevin BE Bank, MS TI Mercury Cycling in Terrestrial Watersheds SO MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT: PATTERN AND PROCESS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL FOREST CATCHMENTS; NET METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; METHYL-MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; SVARTBERGET CATCHMENT C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Bishop, Kevin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov; kevin.bishop@slu.se NR 180 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95139-6 PY 2012 BP 119 EP 141 D2 10.1525/california/9780520271630.001.0001 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDH48 UT WOS:000313265400010 ER PT B AU Scheuhammer, AM Basu, N Evers, DC Heinz, GH Sandheinrich, MB Bank, MS AF Scheuhammer, Anton M. Basu, Niladri Evers, David C. Heinz, Gary H. Sandheinrich, Mark B. Bank, Michael S. BE Bank, MS TI Ecotoxicology of Mercury in Fish and Wildlife Recent Advances SO MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT: PATTERN AND PROCESS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; ACADIA-NATIONAL-PARK; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RANA-SPHENOCEPHALA LARVAE; COMMON LOONS; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; FATHEAD MINNOWS C1 [Scheuhammer, Anton M.] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. [Heinz, Gary H.] US Geol Survey, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sandheinrich, Mark B.] Univ Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Bank, Michael S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Scheuhammer, AM (reprint author), Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM tony.scheuhammer@ec.gc.ca; niladri@umich.edu; david.evers@briloon.org; gheinz@usgs.gov; sandhein.mark@uwlax.edu; michael_bank@hms.harvard.edu OI Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 NR 168 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 15 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95139-6; 978-0-520-27163-0 PY 2012 BP 223 EP 238 D2 10.1525/california/9780520271630.001.0001 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDH48 UT WOS:000313265400013 ER PT J AU Riesselman, CR AF Riesselman, Christina R. TI Fragilariopsis tigris sp nov., a new late Pliocene Antarctic continental shelf diatom with biostratigraphic promise SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pliocene; Antarctica; diatom biostratigraphy; Fragilariopsis; ANDRILL ID QUATERNARY; SEDIMENTS; NEOGENE AB Anew species within the genus Fragilariopsis,F. tigris, is described and illustrated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This species is restricted to a single 8-meter-thick diatom unit within the 585-meter-long section of alternating diatomites and diamictites recovered in the upper portion of the ANtarctic geological DRILLing (ANDRILL) McMurdo Ice Shelf Project (MIS) AND-1B marine sediment core. This new taxon from a diverse, well-preserved diatom assemblage is inferred to be the youngest member of the well-documented, biostratigraphically useful F. praeinterfrigidaria - F. intelfrigidaria - F. weaveri lineage and may represent a near-shore corollary to the open-ocean species F. weaved Based on available chronostratigraphic data from AND-1B, F. tigris appears to be restricted to the earliest late Pliocene (first occurrence datum similar to 3.2 Ma) and is extinct before 3.0 Ma. C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Riesselman, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM criesselman@gmail.com FU ANDRILL Program for the award of an ANDRILL Graduate Fellowship; National Science Foundation [0342484] FX The author gratefully acknowledges the ANDRILL Program for the award of an ANDRILL Graduate Fellowship, and the AND-1B on-ice diatomists D. Winter, C. Sjunneskog, and R. Scherer for their initial core characterization efforts; both were instrumental in allowing her to pursue this work. S. Starratt generously provided access to an exceptional light microscope and camera system, which was used for all LM images and morphometric characterization presented herein. The guidance of B. Jones was instrumental in acquiring SEM images. Recommendations from J. Barron, J. Self-Trail, and M. Jones significantly improved this manuscript.; This work was completed at Stanford University with support from the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0342484 through subawards administered by the ANDRILL Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and issued through Northern Illinois University (for the MIS Project) as part of the ANDRILL U.S. Science Support Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Recommendations from J. Barron, J. Self-Trail, and M. Jones significantly improved this manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 0026-2803 EI 1937-2795 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2012 VL 58 IS 4 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 071MQ UT WOS:000313597900004 ER PT J AU Wagner, C Fitzgerald, S Lauffer, M AF Wagner, Chad Fitzgerald, Sharon Lauffer, Matthew TI Characterization of Stormwater Runoff from North Carolina Bridges and Determination of Effects on Selected Receiving Waters SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT LOADS; STATISTICAL-MODEL AB The North Carolina Department of Transportation and the U.S. Geological Survey collaborated on a study to better understand the effects of stormwater runoff from bridges on receiving waters. The following tasks were performed: (a) characterizing the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff from a representative selection of bridges in North Carolina, (b) measuring the quality of stream water upstream of selected bridges to compare constituent concentrations and loads in bridge deck stormwater with those in the stream, (c) determining whether the chemistry of bed sediment upstream and downstream of selected bridges differed substantially according to the presence or absence of a best management practice for bridge runoff, and (d) estimating the rate at which bridge deck runoff mixed with the receiving stream. The investigation measured bridge deck runoff from 15 bridges for 12 to 15 storms, the quality of stream water for base flow and storm conditions at four of the bridge deck sites, and the chemistry of stream bed sediment upstream and downstream of 30 bridges across North Carolina. Runoff and stream samples were analyzed for a wide range of constituents, including dissolved and total recoverable metals and nutrients, major ions, total suspended solids, suspended sediment, oil and grease, petroleum hydrocarbons, and semi-volatile organic compounds. For 64% of comparisons, concentrations in bridge deck runoff were no different or were less than those measured in receiving waters, and the maximum concentrations of constituents in the bridge deck runoff were rapidly reduced to the ambient stream concentrations, generally within 50 ft downstream of the bridge. C1 [Wagner, Chad; Fitzgerald, Sharon] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Lauffer, Matthew] N Carolina Dept Transportat, Century Ctr, Highway Stormwater Program, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. RP Wagner, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM cwagner@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2012 IS 2309 BP 178 EP 199 DI 10.3141/2309-18 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 078YZ UT WOS:000314138300019 ER PT S AU Murphy, SF McCleskey, RB Writer, JH AF Murphy, Sheila F. McCleskey, R. Blaine Writer, Jeffrey H. BE Stone, M Collins, A Thoms, M TI Effects of flow regime on stream turbidity and suspended solids after wildfire, Colorado Front Range SO WILDFIRE AND WATER QUALITY: PROCESSES, IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildfire and Water Quality: Processes, Impacts and Challenges CY JUN 11-14, 2012 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Comm Continental Eros, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Govt Alberta, Alberta Innovates Energy & Environ Solut, Univ Waterloo DE wildfire; water quality; turbidity; Colorado Front Range; Fourmile Canyon fire; flow regime; convective storms ID WATER-QUALITY; FIRE AB Wildfires occur frequently in the Colorado Front Range and can alter the hydrological response of watersheds, yet little information exists on the impact of flow regime and storm events on post-wildfire water quality. The flow regime in the region is characterized by base-flow conditions during much of the year and increased runoff during spring snowmelt and summer convective storms. The impact of snowmelt and storm events on stream discharge and water quality was evaluated for about a year after a wildfire near Boulder, Colorado, USA. During spring snowmelt and low-intensity storms, differences in discharge and turbidity at sites upstream and downstream from the burned areas were minimal. However, high-intensity convective storms resulted in dramatic increases in discharge and turbidity at sites downstream from the burned area. This study highlights the importance of using high-frequency sampling to assess accurately wildfire impacts on water quality downstream. C1 [Murphy, Sheila F.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Writer, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Murphy, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM sfmurphy@usgs.gov OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-32-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 354 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BDK58 UT WOS:000313596100007 ER PT S AU Writer, JH McCleskey, RB Murphy, SF AF Writer, Jeffrey H. McCleskey, R. Blaine Murphy, Sheila F. BE Stone, M Collins, A Thoms, M TI Effects of wildfire on source-water quality and aquatic ecosystems, Colorado Front Range SO WILDFIRE AND WATER QUALITY: PROCESSES, IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildfire and Water Quality: Processes, Impacts and Challenges CY JUN 11-14, 2012 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Comm Continental Eros, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Govt Alberta, Alberta Innovates Energy & Environ Solut, Univ Waterloo DE wildfire; Colorado Front Range; source-water quality; dissolved organic carbon; sediment; stream biofilms ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; STREAMS; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS; FIRE AB Watershed erosion can dramatically increase after wildfire, but limited research has evaluated the corresponding influence on source-water quality. This study evaluated the effects of the Fourmile Canyon wildfire (Colorado Front Range, USA) on source-water quality and aquatic ecosystems using high-frequency sampling. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient loads in stream water were evaluated for a one-year period during different types of runoff events, including spring snowmelt, and both frontal and summer convective storms. DOC export from the burned watershed did not increase relative to the unburned watershed during spring snowmelt, but substantial increases in DOC export were observed during summer convective storms. Elevated nutrient export from the burned watershed was observed during spring snowmelt and summer convective storms, which increased the primary productivity of stream biofilms. Wildfire effects on source-water quality were shown to be substantial following high-intensity storms, with the potential to affect drinking-water treatment processes. C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Murphy, Sheila F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Writer, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwriter@usgs.gov OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 30 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-32-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 354 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BDK58 UT WOS:000313596100015 ER PT S AU Zhang, Z Jiang, H Liu, JX Zhou, GM Liu, SR Zhang, XY AF Zhang, Z. Jiang, H. Liu, J. X. Zhou, G. M. Liu, S. R. Zhang, X. Y. BE Yang, Z Chen, B TI Assessment on water use efficiency under climate change and heterogeneous carbon dioxide in China terrestrial ecosystems SO 18TH BIENNIAL ISEM CONFERENCE ON ECOLOGICAL MODELLING FOR GLOBAL CHANGE AND COUPLED HUMAN AND NATURAL SYSTEM SE Procedia Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Biennial ISEM Conference on Ecological Modelling for Global Change and Coupled Human and Natural Systems CY SEP 20-23, 2011 CL Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Ecol Modelling HO Beijing Normal Univ DE water use efficiency; CO2 fertilization; Atmospheric CO2 concentration; IBIS; climate change ID TRANSFER SCHEME LSX; MODEL GENESIS; CO2; VEGETATION; EXCHANGE; DYNAMICS; DROUGHT; BALANCE AB Assessing the effects of climate change on water use efficiency (WUE) is critical for policymaking and adaptation. The influences of heterogeneous distribution of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on WUE have not considered in China. In this study, we used a spatial-temporal distribution of CO2 constructed from remote sensing data and ground-based observations, to quantify the heterogeneity of CO2 concentrations. Based on the initial conditions, the spatial patterns of WUE in history and future were estimated using the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS). Results showed that the geographical distributions of the averaged WUE have significant difference under the heterogeneous surface CO2 fertilization condition during 1951-2006. Partial correlation analysis indicated that the cold temperate zones are strong associated with the spatial heterogeneity of CO2, suggesting the special relationship of carbon-water cycle coupling with the interannual variations of CO2. WUE showed high negative correlations with temperature in subtropical zones and positive correlations in Tibet Plateau. The correlation between WUE and precipitation exhibits high positive in wet temperate zones, where the cropland is mainly located. Our estimates of WUE and its covariation with major climate variables can improve understanding of carbon-water cycle coupling under climate change. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of School of Environment, Beijing Normal University. C1 [Zhang, Z.; Jiang, H.; Zhang, X. Y.] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Hankou Rd 22, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jiang, H.; Zhou, G. M.] Zhejiang Agr & Forestry Univ, State Key Lab Subtrop Forest Sci, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosy, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, J. X.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Contractor US Geol Survey USGS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, S. R.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol & Environm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Hankou Rd 22, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jianghong_china@hotmail.com FU The State Key Fundamental Science Funds of China [2010CB950702, 2010CB428503]; State High Technology Funds of China [2009AA122001, 2009AA122005]; State Key International Cooperation Project [20073819]; State Key Basic Research Funds of China [2007FY110300- 04, 2007FY110300- 08]; NSF- China [40671132, 30590383]; key project of Zhejiang Province [2008C13G2100010] FX Funding support partially from The State Key Fundamental Science Funds of China ( 2010CB950702 and 2010CB428503), The State High Technology Funds of China ( 2009AA122001 and 2009AA122005), The State Key International Cooperation Project ( 20073819), The State Key Basic Research Funds of China ( 2007FY110300- 04 & 08), NSF- China Project ( 40671132 & 30590383), and The key project of Zhejiang Province ( 2008C13G2100010). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-0296 J9 PROCEDIA ENVIRON SCI PY 2012 VL 13 BP 2031 EP 2044 DI 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.194 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDA87 UT WOS:000312386000192 ER PT S AU Bunnell, DB Eshenroder, RL Krause, AE Adams, JV AF Bunnell, David B. Eshenroder, Randy L. Krause, Ann E. Adams, Jean V. BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Depth segregation of deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Michigan during 1930-1932 and range expansion of Coregonus hoyi into deeper waters after the 1990s SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE niche partitioning; deepwater ciscoes; bloater; Lake Michigan ID AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA SPP.; GREAT-LAKES; MYSIS-RELICTA; RAINBOW SMELT; PROFUNDAL ZONE; SPECIES FLOCK; ONTARIO; DYNAMICS; FOOD; DIFFERENTIATION AB The deepwater cisco (Coregonus spp.) assemblage in Lake Michigan was among the most diverse in the Laurentian Great Lakes. During the 1930s, seven species were identified, but by the early 1970s, six species were extirpated, primarily due to overfishing, leaving only one species (C. hoyi). To quantify the degree of depth segregation that occurred within this assemblage, we applied generalized additive models (GAM) to gillnet data collected in 1930-1932 from the R/V Fulmar. Our results generally supported findings published earlier. C. hoyi and C. reighardi typically exhibited peak catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in the shallowest depths (50-68 m) and C. kiyi and C. nigripinnis always exhibited peak CPUE in the deepest depths (127-150 m). The peak CPUEs for C. alpenae and C. zenithicus, species described previously as occupying waters of "intermediate" depth, occurred at intermediate depths (88-94 m) in the northern region and at shallow depths (50 m) in the southern region. The nearly complete overlap in their depth distributions was consistent with a prior hypothesis that C. alpenae was synonymous with C. zenithicus. The depth of peak CPUE of C. johannae, previously described as inhabiting intermediate depths, was highly variable, ranging from very shallow (50 in) to very deep (150 m), depending on region and season. We found no clear evidence that deepwater ciscoes changed depths for spawning. We found little evidence that deepwater cisco species collected in gillnets during 1930-1932 were distributed by depth as a function of fish size. C. hoyi collected by bottom trawl from 1974 to 2007 exhibited a positive relationship between depth and fish size. When we applied a GAM to the 1974-2007 trawl data, we found that C. hoyi shifted to markedly deeper waters from 1988-1991 to 2004-2007. Based on the ability of C. hoyi to shift to deeper depths, this species should occupy deeper waters in the lower Great Lakes (Erie, Ontario) should managers seek reintroduction of native deepwater ciscoes. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Eshenroder, Randy L.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Krause, Ann E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 3 EP + PG 5 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600001 ER PT S AU Yule, DL Schreiner, DR Addison, PA Seider, MJ Evrard, LM Geving, SA Quinlan, HR AF Yule, Daniel L. Schreiner, Donald R. Addison, Peter A. Seider, Michael J. Evrard, Lori M. Geving, Steven A. Quinlan, Henry R. BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Repeat surveys of spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) in western Lake Superior: timing, distribution and composition of spawning stocks SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE Coregonus artedi; acoustic assesment; fishery; midwater trawl; survey timing ID FISH; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITY AB Acoustic (AC) and midwater trawl (MT) surveys of spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior have been combined with commercial yield to estimate exploitation. To time surveys properly, it is important to understand when adults typically arrive at spawning grounds and how numbers change as the spawning season progresses. We conducted repeat autumn surveys during nighttime hours at coastal sites where commercial roe fisheries occur. Spawner densities increased significantly from October to mid-November, but differences measured at sites sampled from mid- to late-November were comparatively small. Spawners occupied the upper 20-30 m of the water column during mid-November before utilizing a wider range of depths by late-November. We compared repeat AC densities to temporal trends of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in suspended commercial gillnets and found good agreement within sites. Because different gillnet mesh sizes were used in each roe fishery, CPUE and AC density were poorly correlated among sites. We recommend that future surveys be conducted between mid- and late-November, and that MT gear be used to measure cisco densities in the uppermost 10 m of the water column where AC estimates may be conservative. Given the short temporal window for assessing spawner density, we believe both AC-MT and gillnet surveys will be needed to ensure that harvest of different stocks is kept at a sustainable level. C1 [Yule, Daniel L.; Evrard, Lori M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Schreiner, Donald R.; Geving, Steven A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake Super Area Fisheries Off, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Addison, Peter A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. [Seider, Michael J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. [Quinlan, Henry R.] Fishery Resource Off Ashland, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Canadian Ontario Agreement; OMNR base funds and USGS-GLSC base funds FX This research was funded cooperatively with monies from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Canadian Ontario Agreement, OMNR base funds and USGS-GLSC base funds. We thank Captain J. Walters, First Mate K. Peterson, and Engineer C. Carrier of the USGS-Great Lakes Science Center research vessel Kiyi. Thanks also to G. Miller, and C. Palvere for serving as Captains on the small vessels. Lab work was led by G. Cholwek, K. Schmidt, and T. Halpern. L. Graf assisted with manuscript formatting. The quality of the manuscript was improved from reviews by K. Mills and an anonymous reviewer. This article is contribution number 1620 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the different government agencies involved with this study. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 65 EP + PG 3 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600005 ER PT S AU Brown, RJ Daum, DW Zuray, SJ Carter, WK AF Brown, Randy J. Daum, David W. Zuray, Stanley J. Carter, William K., III BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Documentation of Annual Spawning Migrations of Anadromous Coregonid Fishes in a Large River using Maturity Indices, Length and Age Analyses, and CPUE SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE Yukon River; Stenodus; Coregonus; spawning; migration ID ALASKA; WHITEFISH; COMPLEX; SALMON AB Coregonid fishes contribute to major food fisheries throughout the Yukon River drainage in northwest North America. Research and management activities related to these coregonid fishes, however, have been minimal because of the commercial and international focus on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. populations that share the drainage. We studied five coregonid species at a fish-wheel sampling site 1,200 km from the Bering Sea. They were inconnu Stenodus leucichthys, broad whitefish Coregonus nasus, humpback whitefish C. clupeaformis, least cisco C. sardinella, and Bering cisco C. laurettae. Otolith chemistry studies have shown that anadromy is a common or prevailing life history strategy for all five species at our fish-wheel sampling site. Radio telemetry studies revealed major spawning habitats for four species in the Yukon Flats, an extensive braided region of the river 1,600 to 1,700 km upstream from the Bering Sea. The objectives of this study were to document the demographic qualities of migrating coregonids at the fish-wheel sampling site and to define seasonal periods of relative abundance based on daily catch rates. Maturity indices indicated that nearly all fish were mature and preparing to spawn. Minimum lengths and ages of maturity ranged from low values of 23 cm and 2 years for least cisco, to high values of 58 cm and 7 years for inconnu. A video system on the sampling fish wheel provided seven years of species-specific catch rate data that we used to identify the timing of seasonal spawning migrations for all species except least cisco. C1 [Brown, Randy J.; Daum, David W.; Carter, William K., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks FWFO, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Zuray, Stanley J.] Rapids Res Ctr, Tanana, AK 99777 USA. RP Brown, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks FWFO, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM randy_j_brown@fws.gov FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management, and the Yukon River Panel FX We appreciate the substantial material, time, and financial support we have received from the many individuals that have worked on this project through the years, and from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management, and the Yukon River Panel. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 101 EP + PG 4 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600007 ER PT S AU Stott, W Ebener, MP Mohr, L Schaeffer, J Roseman, EF Harford, WJ Johnson, JE Fietsch, CL AF Stott, Wendylee Ebener, Mark P. Mohr, Lloyd Schaeffer, Jeff Roseman, Edward F. Harford, William J. Johnson, James E. Fietsch, Cherie-Lee BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Genetic structure of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE lake whitefish; Lake Huron; genetic stock analysis; mixed stock analysis ID GREAT-LAKES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MICROSATELLITE DNA; STOCK FISHERIES; MICHIGAN; MARKERS; SALMON; TROUT; ASSIGNMENT AB Genetic analysis of spawning lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from six sites in the main basin of Lake Huron was conducted to determine population structure. Samples from fishery-independent assessment surveys in the northwest main basin were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of lake whitefish genetic populations. Genetic population structure was identified using data from seven microsatellite DNA loci. One population was identified at Manitoulin Island, one to two were observed in the east-central main basin (Fishing Island and Douglas Point), and one to two populations were found in the northwest (Thunder Bay and Duncan Bay). The genetic identity of collections from Duncan Bay and Thunder Bay was not consistent among methods used to analyze population structure. Low genetic distances suggested that they comprised one population, but genic differences indicated that they may constitute separate populations. Simulated data indicated that the genetic origins of samples from a mixed-fishery could be accurately identified, but accuracy could be improved by incorporating additional microsatellite loci. Mixture analysis and individual assignment tests performed on mixed-stock samples collected from the western main basin suggested that genetic populations from the east-central main basin contributed less than those from the western main basin and that the proportional contribution of each baseline population was similar in each assessment sample. Analysis of additional microsatellite DNA loci may be useful to help improve the precision of the estimates, thus increasing our ability to manage and protect this valuable resource. C1 [Stott, Wendylee; Schaeffer, Jeff; Roseman, Edward F.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Stott, Wendylee] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nat Resources Bldg 13, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Mohr, Lloyd] Lake Huron Management Unit, Owen Sound, ON, Canada. [Harford, William J.] Univ Miami, Chippewas Nawash Unceded First Nation, RR 5 Wiarton ON, NOH 2T0, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Johnson, James E.] Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Fietsch, Cherie-Lee] Bruce Power, Dept Environm, Tiverton, ON, Canada. RP Stott, W (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM wstott@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act Research Program.; U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center [1619] FX This work was funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act Research Program. We would like to thank all staff from the GLSC-USGS, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation, the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for their assistance in collecting lake whitefish. We also thank Melissa Kostich (GLSC-USGS) for her assistance with lab work, Jean Adams (GLSC-USGS) for statistical advice, and Rich Quintal (GLSC-USGS) for assistance with graphics. This article is Contribution Number 1619 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 241 EP + PG 5 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600018 ER PT S AU Gorman, OT AF Gorman, Owen T. BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Successional Change in the Lake Superior Fish Community: Population Trends in Ciscoes, Rainbow Smelt, and Lake Trout, 1958-2008 SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE lake cisco; bloater; kiyi; shortjaw cisco; Coregonus; Salvelinus; Osmerus; Great Lakes; recruitment ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; APOSTLE ISLANDS REGION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN WATERS; FOOD-WEB; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY; PREDATION AB The Lake Superior fish community underwent massive changes in the second half of the 20th century. Those changes are largely reflected in changes in abundance of the adults of principal prey species, the ciscoes (Coregonus spp.), the invasive rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and the principal predator, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). To better understand changes in species abundances, a comprehensive series of gillnet and bottom trawl data collected from 1958 to 2008 were examined. In the late 1950s/early 1960s, smelt abundance was at its maximum, wild lake trout was at its minimum, and an abundance of hatchery lake trout was increasing rapidly. The bloater (Coregonus hoyi) was the prevalent cisco in the lake; abundance was more than 300% greater than the next most abundant cisco, shortjaw cisco (C. zenithicus), followed by kiyi (C. kiyi) and lake cisco (C. artedi). By the mid-1960s, abundance of hatchery lake trout was nearing maximum, smelt abundance was beginning to decline, and abundances of all ciscoes declined, but especially that of shortjaw cisco and kiyi. By the late 1970s, recovery of wild lake trout stocks was well underway and abundances of hatchery lake trout and smelt were declining and the ciscoes were reaching their nadir. During 1980-1990, the fish community underwent a dramatic shift in organization and structure. The rapid increase in abundance of wild lake trout, concurrent with a rapid decline in hatchery lake trout, signaled the impending recovery. Rainbow smelt abundance dropped precipitously and within four years, lake cisco and bloater populations rebounded on the heels of a series of strong recruitment events. Kiyi populations showed signs of recovery by 1989, and shortjaw by 2000, though well below historic maximum abundances. High abundance of adult smelt prior to 1980 appears to be the only factor linked to recruitment failure in the ciscoes. Life history traits of the cisco species were examined to better understand their different responses to conditions of low and high predator levels, i.e., late 1950s early 1960s vs. post 1980. Bloaters are most likely to become the predominant cisco in the absence of strong predation and the least abundant under prolonged predation; smelt share this pattern. Conversely, the lake cisco and shortjaw cisco fare better when predator abundance is high. The recovery of lake trout in Lake Superior reestablished a strong top-down influence on the fish community and its present structure and organization appears to be approaching an equilibrium that reflects a more natural state. If lake trout recovery is sustained, shortjaw cisco abundance is expected to increase and join lake cisco and kiyi as dominant cisco species, and bloater and smelt will oscillate at lower abundances. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Gorman, OT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM owen_gorman@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 25 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 337 EP 362 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600023 ER PT S AU Rennie, MD Ebener, MR Wagner, T AF Rennie, Michael D. Ebener, Mark R. Wagner, Tyler BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Can migration mitigate the effects of ecosystem change? Patterns of dispersal, energy acquisition and allocation in Great Lakes lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE bioenergetic; mercury; Lake Huron; Lake Michigan; consumption; activity; growth; dispersal ID BROWN TROUT; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; 4 DECADES; FIN-RAY; GROWTH; MICHIGAN; FISH; FOOD; METHYLMERCURY AB Migration can be a behavioural response to poor or declining home range habitat quality and can occur when the costs of migration are overcome by the benefits of encountering higher-quality resources elsewhere. Despite dramatic ecosystem-level changes in the benthic food web of the Laurentian Great Lakes since the colonization of dreissenid mussels, coincident changes in condition and growth rates among benthivorous lake whitefish populations have been variable. We hypothesized that this variation could be in part mitigated by differences in migratory habits among populations, where increased migration distance can result in an increased probability of encountering high-quality habitat (relative to the home range). Results from four Great Lakes populations support this hypothesis; relative growth rates increased regularly with migration distance. The population with the largest average migration distance also had the least reduction in size-at-age during a period of significant ecosystem change and among the highest estimated consumption and activity rates. In comparison, the population with the greatest declines in size-at-age was among the least mobile, demonstrating only moderate rates of consumption and activity. The least mobile population of lake whitefish was supported by a remnant Diporeia population and has experienced only moderate temporal growth declines. Our study provides evidence for the potential role of migration in mitigating the effects of ecosystem change on lake whitefish populations. C1 [Rennie, Michael D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Ebener, Mark R.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, InterTribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rennie, MD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. EM Michael.Rennie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 455 EP + PG 6 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600030 ER PT S AU Roseman, EF Kennedy, G Manny, BA Boase, J McFee, J AF Roseman, Edward F. Kennedy, Greg Manny, Bruce A. Boase, James McFee, James BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Life History Characteristics of a Recovering Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis Stock in the Detroit River, North America SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE lake whitefish; Coregonus clupeaformis ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; MICHIGAN; EGG; RECRUITMENT; SURVIVAL; ERIE AB The Detroit River is part of a channel connecting Lakes Huron and Erie and was once a prolific spawning area for lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis. Large numbers of lake whitefish migrated into the river to spawn where they were harvested by commercial fisheries and for fish culture operations. Prior to our study, the last lake whitefish was landed from the Detroit River in 1925. Loss of spawning habitat during shipping channel construction and over-fishing, likely reduced lake whitefish spawning runs. Because lake whitefish are recovering in Lake Erie, and spawning in the western basin, we suspected they may also be spawning in the Detroit River. We sampled in the Detroit River for lake whitefish adults and eggs in October December 2005-07 and for larvae during March May 2006 08. A total of 15 spawning-ready lake whitefish from 4 to 18 years old, were collected. Viable eggs were collected during mid-November 2006-07; highest egg densities were found mid-river. Sac-fry whitefish larvae were collected in the river and near the river mouth. No whitefish larvae were retained in the river. Because high numbers of larvae were collected from mid- and downstream river sites, reproduction of lake whitefish in the Detroit River could contribute substantially to the Lake Erie lake whitefish metapopulation. C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; Kennedy, Greg; Manny, Bruce A.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Boase, James; McFee, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fishery Resources Off, Waterford, MI 48327 USA. [Boase, James] Ohio Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Off, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU USGS Science Support Program [06-R3-04]; USFWS Coastal Grant Program [301817N044]; Great Lakes Science Center [1612] FX We thank the following people for assisting with various phases of this project: Jeff Allen, Linda Begnoche, David Bennion, Glen Black, Larry Brickman, Margi Chriscinske, Jaquie Craig, Guadalupe Cummins, Sara Freidl, Bob Haas, Corki Kiley, Patrick Kocovski, Erik McDonald, Scott McNaught, Sandy Morrison, Jerrine Nichols, Tim O'Brien, Rich Quintal, Edward 0. Roseman, Jeff Schaeffer, Fred Simmons, Beth Stockdale, Tom Todd, and Chris Vandergoot. James H. Johnson and Timothy P. O'Brien provided useful critiques of this manuscript. The authors thank the attendants and administrators of the Lake Erie MetroPark, Wyandotte Boat Ramp, and City of Detroit St. Jean St Ramp for allowing access to the river. Funding for this research was provided in part by USGS Science Support Program grant # 06-R3-04 and USFWS Coastal Grant Program Agreement # 301817N044. Gary L. Ambrus of the Wyandotte Municipal Service-Power Plant provided water temperature data. This is contribution number 1612 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 477 EP + PG 5 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600031 ER PT S AU Ibaraki, M Panday, S Niswonger, RG Langevin, CD AF Ibaraki, Motomij Panday, Sorab Niswonger, Richard G. Langevin, Christian D. BE Oswald, SE Kolditz, O Attinger, S TI Improvement of performance and applicability of MODFLOW-2005: new NWT solver and chi MD matrix solver package SO MODELS - REPOSITORIES OF KNOWLEDGE SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 2011 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL Helmholtz Zentrum Umweltforschung, Leipzig, GERMANY SP Eigenbrodt GmbH, Springer, Aranz Geo Ltd, Beta Analyt Inc HO Helmholtz Zentrum Umweltforschung DE matrix solver; numerical modelling; groundwater ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS AB MODFLOW has been widely used for many years to investigate groundwater flow systems. In most numerical models, including MODFLOW, >80% of memory and execution time is used for the matrix solver; thus, improving matrix solver performance is a key to improve simulation performance. A chi MD solver package was developed for higher robustness, faster execution speed, and better memory efficiency. The preconditioning module of chi MD consists of level-based incomplete LU (ILU) factorization with a drop tolerance scheme that can reduce memory usage and lead to faster execution speed. The acceleration part consists of the conjugate gradient method, Bi-CGSTAB and ORTHOMIN. The chi MD solver package is adapted for MODFLOW-2005 and preliminary results show that level-based ILU factorization with a drop tolerance scheme greatly reduce memory usage compared to ILU-only factorization by a factor of two or more. In addition, execution times decrease by 40% or more. C1 [Ibaraki, Motomij] Ohio State Univ, 125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Panday, Sorab] AMEC Environm & Infrastruct, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, 411 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ibaraki, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ibaraki.1@osu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-34-6 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 355 BP 100 EP + PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BDK57 UT WOS:000313594800014 ER PT S AU Irmak, A Ratcliffe, I Ranade, P Irmak, JS Allen, RG Kjaersgaard, J Kamble, B Choragudi, R Hubbard, KG Singh, R Mutiibwa, D Healey, N AF Irmak, Ayse Ratcliffe, I. Ranade, P. Irmak, J. S. Allen, R. G. Kjaersgaard, J. Kamble, B. Choragudi, R. Hubbard, K. G. Singh, R. Mutiibwa, D. Healey, N. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Seasonal evapotranspiration mapping using Landsat visible and thermal data with an energy balance approach in central Nebraska SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE evapotranspiration; SEBAL; METRIC; consumptive water use AB Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in quantification of the water balance at the watershed, basin and regional scales for better planning and managing water resources. Knowledge of spatio-temporal distribution of ET on large scales, as quantified by satellite remote sensing techniques, can provide important information on a variety of water resources issues such as evaluating water distributions, water use by different land surfaces, water allocations, water rights, consumptive water use and planning, and better management of groundwater and surface water resources. While field measurements of evapotranspiration can provide vital data for a variety of purposes, point measurements need to be scaled up to larger areas to make water resources assessments on a watershed, district, or regional scale. Furthermore, ET is highly variable in space and time due to variability in land use, climatic conditions, soil properties, and management practices. Spatial variation in soil properties affects soil evaporation and surface energy balances, causing within-field and across field variability in ET. Satellite/remote sensing technology provides an opportunity for representing spatial and temporal variation of ET. Thus, this advanced technique provides the spatial distribution of actual ET and consumptive water use over different land surfaces. This has enabled the estimation of ET from individual fields and this can enable policy makers to better understand and address the issue of water allocation and identifying and quantifying beneficial and unbeneficial water use that will result in better understanding and management of limited water resources. We applied the Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internal Calibration (METRIC (TM)) to obtain ET maps for Central Platte Natural Resources District (CPNRD) in Nebraska, USA. A total of 45 images from Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 for paths 29-0 and rows 31-32 were processed for the 2007 growing season to obtain instantaneous and daily ET. In order to produce monthly and seasonal ET maps, individual daily ET maps generated from METRIC (TM) were interpolated between dates on a daily basis using a cubic-spline model. Cloud artefacts were removed and filled back in using interpolated ET data, and a background evaporation adjustment based on the FAO-56 Ke evaporation model was used. C1 [Irmak, Ayse; Ratcliffe, I.; Ranade, P.; Kamble, B.; Choragudi, R.; Hubbard, K. G.; Healey, N.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources & Civil Eng, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, R. G.; Kjaersgaard, J.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly R&E Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83341 USA. [Irmak, J. S.; Mutiibwa, D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68553 USA. [Singh, R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observ & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Irmak, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources & Civil Eng, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM airmak2@unl.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500020 ER PT S AU Akasheh, OZ Irmak, A Irmak, S Ratcliffe, I Singh, R Ranade, P Gowda, PH AF Akasheh, O. Z. Irmak, A. Irmak, S. Ratcliffe, I. Singh, R. Ranade, P. Gowda, P. H. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Comparison of ET from two remote sensing-based surface energy models in south central Nebraska SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE semi-arid; operational ET mapping; remote sensing; energy balance ID MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; BALANCE ALGORITHM; FORMULATION AB Quantification of crop water use through evapotranspiration (ET) is very important for water resources management and irrigation scheduling. Two energy balance approaches were applied to estimate ET in south central Nebraska: (1) Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internal Calibration (METRIC), and (2) Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model. While both use remotely sensed thermal data for estimating ET, the METRIC is much more complex than the SSEB and widely used in the USA. Both ET models use the hot and cold pixel approach for scaling ET between driest and wettest pixels within an agricultural setting. Four Landsat 5 and four Landsat 7 images acquired for the 2007 growing season over path 29/row 32 were used to produce instantaneous ET. Images were selected with the least cloud cover and distributed temporally to cover different crop growth stages. ET data measured with a Bowen ratio energy balance system was used to assess the estimated ET accuracy. Statistical comparison of estimated daily ET against observed data gave an r(2) of 0.73 and 0.66 for METRIC and SSEB, respectively. Both models produced the same root mean square error of 1.5 mm/d or 35% of the observed average daily ET. However, statistical comparison between METRIC and SSEB-based ET gave an r(2) of 0.96, indicating that SSEB performance is comparable to METRIC. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required for implementation and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET. C1 [Akasheh, O. Z.; Irmak, A.; Ratcliffe, I.; Ranade, P.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 231 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Irmak, S.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Singh, R.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 80225 USA. [Gowda, P. H.] USDAARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 74075 USA. RP Akasheh, OZ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 231 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM oakasheh2@unl.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 106 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500025 ER PT S AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Dulaney, WP Gao, F Sumner, D AF Anderson, M. C. Kustas, W. P. Dulaney, W. P. Gao, F. Sumner, D. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Integration of multi-scale thermal satellite imagery for evaluation of daily evapotranspiration at sub-field scales SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE evapotranspiration; remote sensing; surface energy balance ID ENERGY FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Development of robust algorithms for routine monitoring of evapotranspiration (ET) over large areas at spatial resolutions that discriminate individual agricultural fields (<100 m resolution) will benefit an array of water resource management applications. Land-surface temperature (LST) derived from thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing has proven to be a valuable input to surface energy balance algorithms for estimating ET and serves as an effective proxy for spatially distributed soil moisture and precipitation measurements. This paper will discuss a strategy for integrating GOES, MODIS and Landsat TIR and shortwave imagery to map daily ET at 30 m resolution. The methodology has been tested over sites in southern Florida, an area where high-resolution time-continuous ET data are urgently needed for decision making by water management agencies. C1 [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.; Dulaney, W. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gao, F.] NASAGoddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sumner, D.] US Geol Survey, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500031 ER PT S AU Poppenga, S Worstell, B Stoicer, J Greenlee, S AF Poppenga, Sandra Worstell, Bruce Stoicer, Jason Greenlee, Susan BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce LiDAR-derived surface flow SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE selective drainage methods; LiDAR-derived surface flow; surface flow extraction; South Dakota ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; EXTRACTION AB The methods to extract surface flow from coarse elevation data are well documented; however, the methods to extract surface flow from high-resolution, high-vertical accuracy digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are less documented, yet more complex. As lidar data are increasingly used to generate DEMS, the demand for lidar-derived surface flow escalates. Thus, the US Geological Survey has developed semi-automated selective drainage methods to extract continuous surface flow from lidar-derived DEMs. This integrated network is important in understanding surface water movement and runoff; flood inundation, and erosion. C1 [Poppenga, Sandra; Stoicer, Jason; Greenlee, Susan] EROS Ctr, USGS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Worstell, Bruce] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Poppenga, S (reprint author), EROS Ctr, USGS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spoppenga@usgs.gov OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931; Poppenga, Sandra/0000-0002-2846-6836 FU US Geological Survey National Geospatial Program FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey National Geospatial Program. The authors are grateful to the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Minnehaha County, South Dakota, and Sanborn Map Company, Inc. for access to the Minnehaha County LiDAR point cloud data. Thank you to Thomas Adamson, SGT, Inc., contractor to the USGS EROS Center, for his editorial advice and assistance. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 329 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500075 ER PT S AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Morino, K AF Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Morino, Kiyomi BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Comparison of Sap Flux, Moisture Flux Tower and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index methods for estimating riparian evapotranspiration SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE Tamarix; groundwater; invasive species; Colorado River ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; TAMARIX SPP. AB Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) was measured on a salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) dominated river terrace on the Lower Colorado River from 2007 to 2009 using tissue-heat-balance sap flux sensors at six sites representing very dense, medium dense, and sparse stands of plants. Salt cedar ET varied markedly across sites, and sap flux sensors showed that plants were subject to various degrees of stress, detected as mid-day depression of transpiration and stomatal conductance. Sap flux results were scaled from the leaf level of measurement to the stand level by measuring plant-specific leaf area index and fractional ground cover at each site. Results were compared to Bowen ratio moisture tower data available for three of the sites. Sap flux sensors and flux tower results ranked the sites the same and had similar estimates of ET. A regression equation, relating measured ET of salt cedar and other riparian plants and crops on the Lower Colorado River to the Enhanced Vegetation Index from the MODIS sensor on the Terra satellite and reference crop ET measured at meteorological stations, was able to predict actual ET with an accuracy or uncertainty of about 20%, despite between-site differences for salt cedar. Peak summer salt cedar ET averaged about 6 mm d(-1) across sites and methods of measurement. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E S Campus Dr,FCS Bldg,Room 129, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E S Campus Dr,FCS Bldg,Room 129, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 410 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500094 ER PT J AU Spiegel, JK Aemisegger, F Scholl, M Wienhold, FG Collett, JL Lee, T van Pinxteren, D Mertes, S Tilgner, A Herrmann, H Werner, RA Buchmann, N Eugster, W AF Spiegel, J. K. Aemisegger, F. Scholl, M. Wienhold, F. G. Collett, J. L., Jr. Lee, T. van Pinxteren, D. Mertes, S. Tilgner, A. Herrmann, H. Werner, R. A. Buchmann, N. Eugster, W. TI Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM EXCESS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; ICE-CORE; PRECIPITATION; VAPOR; FOG; FRACTIONATION; CLIMATE; EVAPORATION AB In this work, we present the first study resolving the temporal evolution of delta H-2 and delta O-18 values in cloud droplets during 13 different cloud events. The cloud events were probed on a 937 m high mountain chain in Germany in the framework of the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) in September and October 2010. The delta values of cloud droplets ranged from -77 parts per thousand to -15 parts per thousand (delta H-2) and from -12.1 parts per thousand to -3.9 parts per thousand (delta O-18) over the whole campaign. The cloud water line of the measured delta values was delta H-2 = 7.8x delta O-18+13x10(-3), which is of similar slope, but with higher deuterium excess than other Central European Meteoric Water Lines. Decreasing delta values in the course of the campaign agree with seasonal trends observed in rain in central Europe. The deuterium excess was higher in clouds developing after recent precipitation revealing episodes of regional moisture recycling. The variations in delta values during one cloud event could either result from changes in meteorological conditions during condensation or from variations in the delta values of the water vapor feeding the cloud. To test which of both aspects dominated during the investigated cloud events, we modeled the variation in delta values in cloud water using a closed box model. We could show that the variation in delta values of two cloud events was mainly due to changes in local temperature conditions. For the other eleven cloud events, the variation was most likely caused by changes in the isotopic composition of the advected and entrained vapor. Frontal passages during two of the latter cloud events led to the strongest temporal changes in both delta H-2 (approximate to 6 parts per thousand per hour) and delta O-18 (approximate to 0.6 parts per thousand per hour). Moreover, a detailed trajectory analysis for the two longest cloud events revealed that variations in the entrained vapor were most likely related to rain out or changes in relative humidity and temperature at the moisture source region or both. This study illustrates the sensitivity of stable isotope composition of cloud water to changes in large scale air mass properties and regional recycling of moisture. C1 [Spiegel, J. K.; Werner, R. A.; Buchmann, N.; Eugster, W.] ETH, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Aemisegger, F.; Wienhold, F. G.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Scholl, M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Collett, J. L., Jr.; Lee, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [van Pinxteren, D.; Mertes, S.; Tilgner, A.; Herrmann, H.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. RP Eugster, W (reprint author), ETH, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM eugsterw@ethz.ch RI Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Herrmann, Hartmut/C-2486-2009; Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; OI Herrmann, Hartmut/0000-0001-7044-2101; Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614 NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11679 EP 11694 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300028 ER PT J AU Wang, L Liu, J Sun, G Wei, X Liu, S Dong, Q AF Wang, L. Liu, J. Sun, G. Wei, X. Liu, S. Dong, Q. TI "Water, climate, and vegetation: ecohydrology in a changing world" Preface SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOESS PLATEAU; NORTHWEST CHINA; SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER; STREAMFLOW; IMPACTS; CATCHMENTS; DYNAMICS; INTERIOR; REACHES C1 [Wang, L.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wang, L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Liu, J.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Nat Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wei, X.] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Liu, S.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Dong, Q.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM w.lixin@gmail.com RI Liu, Junguo/B-3021-2012; Wang, Lixin/A-2572-2008 OI Liu, Junguo/0000-0002-5745-6311; Wang, Lixin/0000-0003-0968-1247 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 12 BP 4633 EP 4636 DI 10.5194/hess-16-4633-2012 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 059ID UT WOS:000312696800010 ER PT J AU Assal, TJ Montag, JM AF Assal, Timothy J. Montag, Jessica M. TI A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development SO JOURNAL OF MAPS LA English DT Article DE rural; energy; development; landsat AB This paper describes a spatiotemporal land use map for a rural county in the western United States. Sublette County, Wyoming has undergone recent land use change in the form of heightened rural residential development on private land and increased energy development on both public and private land. In this study we integrate energy production data, population census data, ownership parcel data, and a series of Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper scenes (over a 25-year period) to create a map that illustrates the changing landscape. Spatial change on the landscape is mapped at 30 square meters, congruent with a Landsat pixel. Sublette County has a wealth of wildlife and associated habitat which is affected by both types of growth. While we do not attempt to quantify the effect of disturbance on wildlife species, we believe our results can provide important baseline data that can be incorporated into land use planning and ecological-wildlife research at the landscape scale. C1 [Assal, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Montag, Jessica M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Assal, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM assalt@usgs.gov OI Assal, Timothy/0000-0001-6342-2954 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-5647 J9 J MAPS JI J. Maps PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1080/17445647.2012.745381 PG 7 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA 064KQ UT WOS:000313074200002 ER PT J AU Paredes, R Harding, AMA Irons, DB Roby, DD Suryan, RM Orben, RA Renner, H Young, R Kitaysky, A AF Paredes, Rosana Harding, Ann M. A. Irons, David B. Roby, Daniel D. Suryan, Robert M. Orben, Rachael A. Renner, Heather Young, Rebecca Kitaysky, Alexander TI Proximity to multiple foraging habitats enhances seabirds' resilience to local food shortages SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE GPS tracking; Foraging strategies; Marine habitats; Kittiwakes; Productivity; Diet; Nutritional stress; Bering Sea; Seabird populations ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; POPULATION PROCESSES; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; PREY AVAILABILITY AB As central-place foragers, seabirds from colonies located close to multiple and/or productive marine habitats might experience increased foraging opportunities and enhanced resilience to food shortages. We tested whether this hypothesis might explain divergent trends in 3 populations of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, a surface-feeding piscivore, in the eastern Bering Sea. We simultaneously studied the foraging behavior, diet, nutritional stress, and breeding performance of chick-rearing kittiwakes from 2 continental shelf colonies (St. Paul and St. George) and an oceanic colony (Bogoslof). Although shelf-based forage fishes were rare or absent in bird diets during the cold study year, not all kittiwakes from the 3 colonies concentrated foraging along the productive shelf break habitats. Compared to the oceanic colony, birds from both shelf-located colonies had lower chick provisioning rates, higher levels of nutritional stress, and lower breeding performance. Although birds from both shelf-based colonies foraged in nearby neritic habitats during daytime, birds from St. George, a stable population located closest to the continental shelf break, also conducted long overnight trips to the ocean basin to feed on lipid-rich myctophids. In contrast, birds from St. Paul, a declining population located farthest from shelf break/oceanic habitats, fed exclusively over the shelf and obtained less high-energy food. Birds from Bogoslof, an increasing population, foraged mainly on myctophids close to the colony in the oceanic basin and Aleutian coast habitats. Our study suggests that proximity to multiple foraging habitats may explain divergent population trends among colonies of kittiwakes in the southeastern Bering Sea. C1 [Paredes, Rosana; Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Renner, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AL 99603 USA. [Young, Rebecca; Kitaysky, Alexander] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Paredes, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rparedes.insley@gmail.com OI Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board; NPRB BSIERP [B63, B77, B65]; BEST-BSIERP [68] FX This collaborative study was part of the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem program funded by The North Pacific Research Board. We are grateful for the enthusiastic assistance and excellent work of crew members: Brie Drummond, John Warzybok, Ine Dorreteijn, Dean Kildaw, Rob Massangale, Ram Papish, Tom Harten, Chris Barger, Brian Battaile, Dan Cushing, Alexis Will, Sarah Youngren, and Rob Marshall. In addition, Alexis Will did a great job with data entry and preliminary analysis of behavioral data. We thank Zhenya Kitaiskaia for conducting hormonal assays, and Kathy Turco for expert diet analyses. We thank Karin Holser (St. George Island Institute), Sally and Chris Merculief (Traditional Tribal Council of St. George Island), Phil Zavadil and Debbie Lestenkof (Aleut Community of St. Paul Island), and Priscilla Wohl and Arina Purcella (Northern Forum) for logistical and financial assistance. We also are grateful to Jeff Williams, John Reed, and the crews of the MV 'Tiglax' and 'Miss Alyssa' for crucial Bogoslof logistics. Thanks to Karen Brenneman and Michelle St. Peters (USFWS-Anchorage) for invaluable expeditor assistance. Bruce Robson, Steve Insley, Scott Shaffer, and Carlos Zavalaga provided technical and academic assistance in the early stages of the telemetry project. This study was funded by NPRB BSIERP Projects B63 and B77 to David Irons and Dan Roby, Project B65 to Heather Renner, and Project B77 to Alexander Kitaysky. This is Contribution No. 362 of the North Pacific Research Board and No. 68 of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project. NR 83 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 60 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 471 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps10034 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 060MP UT WOS:000312782700020 ER PT J AU Gettings, ME AF Gettings, M. E. TI Multifractal model of magnetic susceptibility distributions in some igneous rocks SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GEOMAGNETIC-FIELDS AB Measurements of in-situ magnetic susceptibility were compiled from mainly Precambrian crystalline basement rocks beneath the Colorado Plateau and ranges in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The susceptibility meter used measures about 30 cm(3) of rock and measures variations in the modal distribution of magnetic minerals that form a minor component volumetrically in these coarsely crystalline granitic to granodioritic rocks. Recent measurements include 50-150 measurements on each outcrop, and show that the distribution of magnetic susceptibilities is highly variable, multimodal and strongly non-Gaussian. Although the distribution of magnetic susceptibility is well known to be multifractal, the small number of data points at an outcrop precludes calculation of the multifractal spectrum by conventional methods. Instead, a brute force approach was adopted using multiplicative cascade models to fit the outcrop scale variability of magnetic minerals. Model segment proportion and length parameters resulted in 26 676 models to span parameter space. Distributions at each outcrop were normalized to unity magnetic susceptibility and added to compare all data for a rock body accounting for variations in petrology and alteration. Once the best-fitting model was found, the equation relating the segment proportion and length parameters was solved numerically to yield the multifractal spectrum estimate. For the best fits, the relative density (the proportion divided by the segment length) of one segment tends to be dominant and the other two densities are smaller and nearly equal. No other consistent relationships between the best fit parameters were identified. The multifractal spectrum estimates appear to distinguish between metamorphic gneiss sites and sites on plutons, even if the plutons have been metamorphosed. In particular, rocks that have undergone multiple tectonic events tend to have a larger range of scaling exponents. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Gettings, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. EM mgetting@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.5194/npg-19-635-2012 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059IN UT WOS:000312697900006 ER PT J AU Wynn, JC Fleming, JA AF Wynn, J. C. Fleming, J. A. TI Seawater capacitance - a promising proxy for mapping and characterizing drifting hydrocarbon plumes in the deep ocean SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; INDUCED POLARIZATION; OIL AB Hydrocarbons released into the deep ocean are an inevitable consequence of natural seep, seafloor drilling, and leaking wellhead-to-collection-point pipelines. The Macondo 252 (Deepwater Horizon) well blowout of 2010 was even larger than the Ixtoc event in the Gulf of Campeche in 1979. History suggests it will not be the last accidental release, as deepwater drilling expands to meet an ever-growing demand. For those who must respond to this kind of disaster, the first line of action should be to know what is going on. This includes knowing where an oil plume is at any given time, where and how fast it is moving, and how it is evolving or degrading. We have experimented in the laboratory with induced polarization as a method to track hydrocarbons in the seawater column and find that finely dispersed oil in seawater gives rise to a large distributed capacitance. From previous sea trials, we infer this could potentially be used to both map and characterize oil plumes, down to a ratio of less than 0.001 oil-to-seawater, drifting and evolving in the deep ocean. A side benefit demonstrated in some earlier sea trials is that this same approach in modified form can also map certain heavy placer minerals, as well as communication cables, pipelines, and wrecks buried beneath the seafloor. C1 [Wynn, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Fleming, J. A.] Zonge Int, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. RP Wynn, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jwynn@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Williamson Associates; Zonge International; Richards Bay Mining Company FX This study was supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement funded by the US Geological Survey, Williamson & Associates, and Zonge International. We thank the Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute for providing ship-time on the R/V Kit Jones for the Gulf of Mexico towed-streamer experiments, and N.O.A.A. and Coastal Carolina University for providing ship-time on the R/V Ferrell for the Atlantic Continental Shelf experiments. Richards Bay Mining Company funded the survey off the coast of South Africa. The authors thank Dan Dzurisin, Norm Carlson, Scott Urquhart, and Mike Williams for discussions and helpful suggestions on the manuscript, as well as Peter Swarzenski, Jim Kauahikaua, and John Ewert of the USGS, and Don ("Skip") Snyder and another anonymous individual for technical reviews. The authors also thank Eric Delhez and Natascha Toepfer of Copernicus for their assistance and support during the Discussion part of the review. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.5194/os-8-1099-2012 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 059IT UT WOS:000312698600012 ER PT J AU Finn, CA Deszcz-Pan, M Bedrosian, PA AF Finn, Carol A. Deszcz-Pan, Maria Bedrosian, Paul A. TI Helicopter electromagnetic data map ice thickness at Mount Adams and Mount Baker, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CASCADES; INVERSION; EM; ERUPTIONS; SYSTEM AB Ice-thickness measurements critical for flood and mudflow hazard studies are very sparse on Cascade Range (North America) volcanoes. Helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data collected to detect hydrothermal alteration are used to determine ice thickness over portions of Mount Baker and Mount Adams volcanoes. A laterally continuous inversion method provides good estimates of ice <100 m thick over water-saturated and altered regions where the resistivity of the basement is <200 Omega m. For areas with ice overlying fresh, resistive rocks with small resistivity contrasts between ice and rock, ice thickness is not well resolved. The ice thicknesses derived from HEM data are consistent with the previous drillhole data from Mount Adams and radar data from both volcanoes, with mean thicknesses of 57 m for Mount Adams and 68 m for Mount Baker. The thickest ice on Mount Baker rests on the gentle lower slopes whereas the thickest ice at Mount Adams lies on the flat summit. Ice volume calculations suggest that Mount Baker contains similar to 710 x 10(6) m(3) of ice in the HEM survey area, with a crude estimate of similar to 1800 x 10(6) m(3) for the entire volcano. Ice volume on Mount Adams is 65 x 10(6) m(3) in parts of the HEM survey area and similar to 200 x 10(6) m(3) overall. C1 [Finn, Carol A.; Deszcz-Pan, Maria; Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Finn, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. EM cfinn@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Mineral Resource and Volcano Hazards Programs FX We thank Dave Tucker and Melissa Park for permission to use radar data from Mount Baker. Reviews by Burke Minsley, Esben Auken, Bernhard Siemon and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the paper. This work was funded by the US Geological Survey Mineral Resource and Volcano Hazards Programs. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 212 BP 1133 EP 1143 DI 10.3189/2012JoG11J098 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 056HQ UT WOS:000312479400009 ER PT J AU McNabb, RW Hock, R O'Neel, S Rasmussen, LA Ahn, Y Braun, M Conway, H Herreid, S Joughin, I Pfeffer, WT Smith, BE Truffer, M AF McNabb, R. W. Hock, R. O'Neel, S. Rasmussen, L. A. Ahn, Y. Braun, M. Conway, H. Herreid, S. Joughin, I. Pfeffer, W. T. Smith, B. E. Truffer, M. TI Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: a case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MASS-BALANCE; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; RAPID RETREAT; GREENLAND; VOLUME; SHEET; 21ST-CENTURY; FLUCTUATIONS; TRACKING AB Information about glacier volume and ice thickness distribution is essential for many glaciological applications, but direct measurements of ice thickness can be difficult and costly. We present a new method that calculates ice thickness via an estimate of ice flux. We solve the familiar continuity equation between adjacent flowlines, which decreases the computational time required compared to a solution on the whole grid. We test the method on Columbia Glacier, a large tidewater glacier in Alaska, USA, and compare calculated and measured ice thicknesses, with favorable results. This shows the potential of this method for estimating ice thickness distribution of glaciers for which only surface data are available. We find that both the mean thickness and volume of Columbia Glacier were approximately halved over the period 1957-2007, from 281 m to 143 m, and from 294 km(3) to 134 km(3), respectively. Using bedrock slope and considering how waves of thickness change propagate through the glacier, we conduct a brief analysis of the instability of Columbia Glacier, which leads us to conclude that the rapid portion of the retreat may be nearing an end. C1 [McNabb, R. W.; Hock, R.; Herreid, S.; Truffer, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hock, R.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [O'Neel, S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rasmussen, L. A.; Conway, H.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ahn, Y.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Technol, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Braun, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Geog, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Joughin, I.; Smith, B. E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Pfeffer, W. T.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McNabb, RW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mcnabb@gi.alaska.edu RI Hock, Regine/C-6179-2013; Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Braun, Matthias/A-4968-2009; Braun, Matthias/S-4693-2016 OI Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; Braun, Matthias/0000-0001-5169-1567; Braun, Matthias/0000-0001-5169-1567 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant [EAR-0943742]; NASA grant [NNX11AF41G, NNX11A023G]; AON grant [0732726]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research Program; University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Center for Global Change Student Research Grant; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; NSF grant [ARC-0732739] FX This research was supported in part by US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0943742, NASA grant NNX11AF41G, NASA grant NNX11A023G, AON grant 0732726, NSF grant ARC-0732739, USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research Program support, and a University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Center for Global Change Student Research Grant with funds from the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research. We also thank pilot Paul Claus and Ultima Thule Lodge for logistical support in gathering radar data. We obtained the SPOT DEM as part of the SPIRIT (Stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images and Topographies) Polar Dali Program ((c) CNES 2008). Some of the TerraSAR-X data used in this study were provided under DLR A0 LAN_0164. We thank Mathieu Morlighem and Daniel Farinotti for helpful and constructive reviews. We also thank Tim Bartholomaus for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 37 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 212 BP 1151 EP 1164 DI 10.3189/2012JoG11J249 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 056HQ UT WOS:000312479400011 ER PT J AU Ferry, KH Mather, ME AF Ferry, Kristen H. Mather, Martha E. TI Spatial and Temporal Diet Patterns of Subadult and Small Adult Striped Bass in Massachusetts Estuaries: Data, a Synthesis, and Trends across Scales SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ATLANTIC COAST; STOMACH CONTENTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; CLOVE OIL; FISH; RISK; PREY AB Subadult and small adult (375-475 mm total length) striped bass Morone saxatilis are abundant and represent an important component of the recovered U.S. Atlantic coast stocks. However, little is known about these large aggregations of striped bass during their annual foraging migrations to New England. A quantitative understanding of trends in the diets of subadult and small adult migrants is critical to research and management. Because of the complexity of the Massachusetts coast, we were able to compare diets at multiple spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales and evaluate which of these provided the greatest insights into the foraging patterns of this size of fish. Specifically, during spring through autumn, we quantified the diets of 797 migratory striped bass collected from 13 Massachusetts estuaries distributed among three geographic regions in two biogeographic provinces. Our data provided three useful results. First, subadult and young adult striped bass ate a season-specific mixture of fish and invertebrates. For example, more juvenile Atlantic herring Clupea harengus were eaten in spring than in summer or autumn, more juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus were eaten in autumn than in spring or summer, amphipods were eaten primarily in the southern biogeographic province, and shrimp Crangon sp. were eaten in all locations and seasons. Second, examining diets by season was essential because of the temporal variability in striped bass prey. Grouping prey by fish and invertebrates revealed the potential for predictable differences in growth across geographic locations and seasons, based on the output from simple bioenergetics simulations. Third, of the three spatial scales examined, region provided the most quantitative and interpretable ecological trends. Our results demonstrate the utility of comparing multiple scales to evaluate the best way to depict diet trends in a migrating predator that seasonally uses different geographic locations. C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ferry, Kristen H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mather@eco.umass.edu FU Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries FX This project was funded by the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries and administered through the Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is a cooperation among the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Conservation; Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. We thank J. Stritzel, M. Monette, L. Knight, J. Tully, C. Rochelo, M. Carey, A. Norris, E. Schneider, C. Capone, Capts. C. Aubut, M. Bartlett, B. Clemson, L. Cook, B. Crowley, T. Hayes, T. Koerber, C. Lemieux, J. Pirie, R. Poness, R. Southgate, and D. Warrington. J. DeLeo and C. Carlozzi provided unique insights. M. Burak assisted with bioenergetics analyses. Comments by L. Deegan, J. Finn, R. Muth, J. Hightower, J. Margraf, J. Walter, S. Vatland, and A. Overton improved the manuscript. Use of brand names does not confer endorsement by the U.S. government. Special thanks to the Plum Island LTER (OCE 9726921) for generously providing lodging. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 30 EP 45 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.642747 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400003 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Duda, JJ Greene, CM Karr, JR AF Rice, Casimir A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Greene, Correigh M. Karr, James R. TI Geographic Patterns of Fishes and Jellyfish in Puget Sound Surface Waters SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; PELAGIC COELENTERATES; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; BERING-SEA; FOOD-WEB; ECOSYSTEM; CTENOPHORES; WASHINGTON AB We explored patterns of small pelagic fish assemblages and biomass of gelatinous zooplankton (jellyfish) in surface waters across four oceanographic subbasins of greater Puget Sound. Our study is the first to collect data documenting biomass of small pelagic fishes and jellyfish throughout Puget Sound; sampling was conducted opportunistically as part of a juvenile salmon survey of daytime monthly surface trawls at 52 sites during May-August 2003. Biomass composition differed spatially and temporally, but spatial differences were more distinct. Fish dominated in the two northern basins of Puget Sound, whereas jellyfish dominated in the two southern basins. Absolute and relative abundance of jellyfish, hatchery Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and chum salmon O. keta decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the absolute and relative abundance of most fish species and the average fish species richness increased with latitude. The abiotic factors with the strongest relationship to biomass composition were latitude, water clarity, and sampling date. Further study is needed to understand the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the taxonomic composition we observed in Puget Sound surface waters, especially as they relate to natural and anthropogenic influences. C1 [Rice, Casimir A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM casimir.rice@noaa.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU Seattle City Light; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle) for providing research vessels and field staff, and we also thank the Western Fisheries Research Center (U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle) for providing field staff. Seattle City Light and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided supplemental funding. J. Purcell and T. Parsons gave helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript; R. Brodeur, B. Feist, P. Hershberger, P. Roni, T. Collier, C. Mills, F. Boero, A. Overton, and three anonymous reviewers provided thorough and constructive reviews. K. Kloehn helped create the map, and C. Stehr and W. Reichert assisted with the review process. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.680403 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400010 ER EF