FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bolenbaugh, JR Cooper, T Brady, RS Willard, KL Krementz, DG AF Bolenbaugh, Jason R. Cooper, Tom Brady, Ryan S. Willard, Karen L. Krementz, David G. TI Population Status and Habitat Associations of the King Rail in the Midwestern United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE distribution; King Rail; population status; Rallus elegans ID SECRETIVE MARSHBIRDS; CREATED WETLANDS; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE AB The migratory population of the King Rail (Rallus elegans) has declined dramatically during the past 50 years, emphasizing the need to document the distribution and status of this species to help guide conservation efforts. In an effort to guide King Rail breeding habitat protection and restoration, a landscape suitability index (LSD model was developed for the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture (JV). To validate this model, 264 sites were surveyed across the JV region in 2008 and 2009 using the National Marshbird Monitoring protocol. Two other similarly collected data sets from Wisconsin (250 sites) and Ohio (259 sites) as well as data from the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology's eBird database were added to our data set. Sampling effort was not uniform across the study area. King Rails were detected at 29 sites with the greatest concentration in southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois. Too few detections were made to validate the LSI model. King Rail detection sites tended to have microtopographic heterogeneity, more emergent herbaceous wetland vegetation and less woody vegetation. The migrant population of the King Rail is rare and warrants additional conservation efforts to achieve stated conservation population targets. Received 12 March 2012, accepted 12 August 2012. C1 [Cooper, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Brady, Ryan S.] Bur Wildlife Management, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds; U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds and the U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We thank K Asante and B. Potter for assistance with analyses. O. Armstrong, P. Baranowski, G. Calvert, C. Chambers, C. Daniels, M. Evanoff, B. Feaster, T. Gierman, B. Hammel, R. Huffman, S. Kahl, R. Kelly, J. Lewis, K Mangan, S. McClure, R. Ollis, C. O'Leary, G. Palmgren, D. Rhode, J. Robison, J. Schafer, M. Shieldcastle, J. Simpson B. Soya, R. Spear, B. Tatum and A. West provided logistical support and access to managed areas. We thank J. Carroll, B. Powers, A. Rose, B. Stein and K Wert for assistance in collecting data. We thank D. Johnson, S. Lor, S. Pierluissi and three anonymous reviewers for comments. Any use of trade, product, website or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 33 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 535 EP 545 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 068RA UT WOS:000313382700004 ER PT J AU Brown, S Kendall, S Churchwell, R Taylor, A Benson, AM AF Brown, Stephen Kendall, Steve Churchwell, Roy Taylor, Audrey Benson, Anna-Marie TI Relative Shorebird Densities at Coastal Sites in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; coastal; relative densities; shorebirds ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED KNOTS; POSTBREEDING SHOREBIRDS; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; POPULATION DECLINE; NORTHERN ALASKA; STAGING SITE; ABUNDANCE; BIRDS; HABITAT AB In the first comprehensive survey of post-breeding shorebirds conducted along the remote deltaic mudflat habitats on the coastline of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, six species of shorebirds were documented aggregating prior to southbound migration. Energy reserves gained while foraging in these areas may be critical for southbound migration of long-distance migrant shorebirds, but these habitats are vulnerable to potential effects of oil and gas development and climate change. The study objective was to assess the relative density and species composition of shorebirds. Surveys were conducted at 13 major river deltas on the coast between late July and mid-August each year from 2006 to 2010. Double-observer methods were used in 2010 to estimate the detection rate in surveys of randomly-selected transect sections. Shorebird density varied significantly between years and among river deltas. Peak relative density estimates at three deltas, the Jago (247.8 birds/km(2)), the Kongakut (100.6 birds/km(2)) and the Hulahula (49.5 birds/km(2)), were significantly higher than the estimate for the Canning (16.0 birds/km(2)). Because shorebird density and abundance vary significantly among sites and years, and individuals likely move among multiple sites within a given year, shorebird conservation strategies for these habitats should consider them to be spatially and temporally interconnected. Received 7 April 2012, accepted 30 July 2012. C1 [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. [Kendall, Steve] Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Churchwell, Roy] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Taylor, Audrey] Windbird Resources, Conway, WA 98238 USA. [Benson, Anna-Marie] Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, POB 1770, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. EM sbrown@manomet.org FU Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share Program; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge FX We are grateful to the ornithologists who participated in these surveys. In addition to the authors, surveys were conducted by R. Burner, H. Craig, L. DeCicco and B. Winn. J. Reynolds helped design. the surveys. We acknowledge the Raktovik Inupiat Corporation for permission to conduct surveys on their lands. We staged our survey out of Kaktovik, AK, and appreciate the support of the people of Kaktovik. Major funding for this study was provided by donors of Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share Program, and by the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 53 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 546 EP 554 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 068RA UT WOS:000313382700005 ER PT J AU Palm, EC Esler, D Anderson, EM Wilson, MT AF Palm, Eric C. Esler, Daniel Anderson, Eric M. Wilson, Matt T. TI Geographic and Temporal Variation in Diet of Wintering White-winged Scoters SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE diet; foraging conditions; marine habitat; Melanitta fusca; sea duck; White-winged Scoter ID PRE-BREEDING DIET; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; SURF SCOTERS; SEA DUCKS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; MELANITTA-FUSCA; CLAM DENSITY; BODY-MASS; PREDATION; PHILOPATRY AB Quantifying variation in diet over time and space is important for understanding patterns of habitat use in marine birds. Diet composition of adult male White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca) was quantified at five study sites in coastal British Columbia and Washington during mid-winter (December) and late winter (February-March). At four sites where White-winged Scoters fed in nearshore areas, diet varied little between winter periods and birds fed almost exclusively an large infaunal bivalves (>= 85% of mean ash-free dry mass of esophagus contents for each season x site combination). The main prey of White-winged Scoters in intertidal foraging areas (N = 3 of 5 study sites) were Varnish clams (Nuttalia obscurata), which were introduced to the region within the last 25 years. At an offshore site, diet consisted mainly of bivalves except during one period when White-winged Scoters had consumed mainly fish, crustaceans, polychaetes and echinoderms. Greater temporal variation in diet at the offshore site may have been an effect of reduced time available to locate preferred prey items and lower predictability of prey distributions owing to this site's greater exposure to wind and waves. However, neither exposure nor water depth received appreciable support in models of the dietary fraction of bivalves across sites and periods. Our results underscore the importance of marine areas with high densities of infaunal bivalves to White-winged Scoters, but also show that White-winged Scoters exhibit flexibility to adjust diet in response to differences in prey composition across habitats. Received 6 June 2012, accepted 22 July 2012. C1 [Palm, Eric C.; Anderson, Eric M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Wilson, Matt T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Palm, EC (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM epalm@sfu.ca FU Environment Canada; Naikun Wind Energy Group, Inc.; Simon Fraser University; Natural Resources Canada FX We thank M. Wilson and T. D. Williams for laboratory assistance and K. Jaatinen for assistance in the field. The study was funded by Environment Canada, Naikun Wind Energy Group, Inc., Natural Resources Canada and Simon Fraser University. The Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University, provided logistical support. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 577 EP 589 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 068RA UT WOS:000313382700007 ER PT J AU Nol, E Murphy, SP Cadman, MD AF Nol, Erica Murphy, Sean P. Cadman, Michael D. TI A Historical Estimate of Apparent Survival of American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) in Virginia SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; apparent survival; Haematopus palliatus; mark-recapture; shorebirds; Virginia ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MARKED ANIMALS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PROGRAM MARK; POPULATION; OSTRALEGUS; ISLAND; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION AB Using mark-recapture models, apparent survival was estimated from older banding and re-sighting data (1978-1983) of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) nesting on beaches and in salt marshes of coastal Virginia, USA. Oystercatchers nesting in salt marshes exhibited higher apparent survival (0.94 +/- 0.03) than birds nesting on beaches (0.81 +/- 0.06), a difference due to variation in mortality, permanent emigration, or both. Nesting on exposed barrier beaches may subject adults and young to higher risk of predation. These early estimates of adult survival for a species that is heavily monitored along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts can be used to (1) develop demographic models to determine population stability, (2) compare with estimates of adult survival from populations that have reached carrying capacity, and (3) compare with estimates of survival from other oystercatcher populations and species. Received 24 February 2012, accepted 17 July 2012. C1 [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Murphy, Sean P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cadman, Michael D.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Burlington, ON L7R 5A6, Canada. RP Nol, E (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM enol@trentu.ca NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 631 EP 635 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 068RA UT WOS:000313382700012 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK Zhang, L Gilmanov, TG AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. Zhang, Li Gilmanov, Tagir G. TI Evaluation of carbon fluxes and trends (2000-2008) in the Greater Platte River Basin: A sustainability study for potential biofuel feedstock development SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel feedstock sites; Terrestrial carbon flux; Net ecosystem production (NEP); Ecosystem performance models; Biofuel sustainability; Land management ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; DIOXIDE FLUXES; UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGE; SOIL; BIOENERGY; GRASSES; PRAIRIE; PLAINS AB This study evaluates the carbon fluxes and trends and examines the environmental sustainability (e.g., carbon budget, source or sink) of the potential biofuel feedstock sites identified in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB). A 9-year (2000-2008) time series of net ecosystem production (NEP), a measure of net carbon absorption or emission by ecosystems, was used to assess the historical trends and budgets of carbon flux for grasslands in the GPRB. The spatially averaged annual NEP (ANEP) for grassland areas that are possibly suitable for biofuel expansion (productive grasslands) was 71-169 g C m(-2) year(-1) during 2000-2008, indicating a carbon sink (more carbon is absorbed than released) in these areas. The spatially averaged ANEP for areas not suitable for biofuel feedstock development (less productive or degraded grasslands) was 47 to 69 g C m(-2) year during 2000-2008, showing a weak carbon source or a weak carbon sink (carbon emitted is nearly equal to carbon absorbed). The 9-year pre-harvest cumulative ANEP was 1166 g C m(-2) for the suitable areas (a strong carbon sink) and 200 g C m(-2) for the non-suitable areas (a weak carbon sink). Results demonstrate and confirm that our method of dynamic modeling of ecosystem performance can successfully identify areas desirable and sustainable for future biofuel feedstock development. This study provides useful information for land managers and decision makers to make optimal land use decisions regarding biofuel feedstock development and sustainability. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth, Beijing 10094, Peoples R China. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 FU USGS [G08PC91508]; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program FX This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508 and funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Norman Bliss, Matthew Rigge, Thomas Adamson, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.048 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 078CO UT WOS:000314075900017 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG Bliss, N Tieszen, LL AF Tan, Zhengxi Liu, Shuguang Bliss, Norman Tieszen, Larry L. TI Current and potential sustainable corn stover feedstock for biofuel production in the United States SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel feedstock; Minimum stover requirement; Harvestable stover amount; Soil organic carbon; Zea mays L. ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE CHANGE; CROP RESIDUE; WHEAT-FALLOW; NO-TILL; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; SEQUESTRATION; REMOVAL; MATTER AB Increased demand for corn (Zea mays L.) stover as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol raises concerns about agricultural sustainability. Excessive corn stover harvesting could have long-term impacts on soil quality. We estimated current and future stover production and evaluated the potential harvestable stover amount (HSA) that could be used for biofuel feedstock in the United States by defining the minimum stover requirement (MSR) associated with the current soil organic carbon (SOC) content, tillage practices, and crop rotation systems. Here we show that the magnitude of the current HSA is limited (31 Tg y(-1), dry matter) due to the high MSR for maintaining the current SOC content levels of soils that have a high carbon content. An alternative definition of MSR for soils with a moderate level of SOC content could significantly elevate the annual HSA to 68.7 Tg, or even to 132.2 Tg if the amount of currently applied manure is counted to partially offset the MSR. In the future, a greater potential for stover feedstock could come from an increase in stover yield, areal harvest index, and/or the total planted area. These results suggest that further field experiments on MSR should be designed to identify differences in MSR magnitude between maintaining SOC content and preventing soil erosion, and to understand the role of current SOC content level in determining MSR from soils with a wide range of carbon contents and climatic conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Zhengxi; Bliss, Norman] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 FU USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This project was funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels Initiative. Work of Z. Tan and N. Bliss was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. NR 87 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.022 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 078CO UT WOS:000314075900040 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI Predicting the Geographic Distribution of a Species from Presence-Only Data Subject to Detection Errors SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Case-augmented design; Case-control design; Site-occupancy model; Spatial point process; Species distribution model; Use-availability design ID SITE-OCCUPANCY MODELS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; ABSENCE; BIAS; PROBABILITIES; REGRESSION; REGIONS; COUNTS; RATES AB Several models have been developed to predict the geographic distribution of a species by combining measurements of covariates of occurrence at locations where the species is known to be present with measurements of the same covariates at other locations where species occurrence status (presence or absence) is unknown. In the absence of species detection errors, spatial point-process models and binary-regression models for case-augmented surveys provide consistent estimators of a species' geographic distribution without prior knowledge of species prevalence. In addition, these regression models can be modified to produce estimators of species abundance that are asymptotically equivalent to those of the spatial point-process models. However, if species presence locations are subject to detection errors, neither class of models provides a consistent estimator of covariate effects unless the covariates of species abundance are distinct and independently distributed from the covariates of species detection probability. These analytical results are illustrated using simulation studies of data sets that contain a wide range of presence-only sample sizes. Analyses of presence-only data of three avian species observed in a survey of landbirds in western Montana and northern Idaho are compared with site-occupancy analyses of detections and nondetections of these species. C1 US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40 Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov FU National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; U.S. Geological Survey FX I thank Ed Connor (San Francisco State University) and Josh Ladau (Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco) for motivating me to work on this problem and for reviewing previous drafts of the manuscript. Review comments from Marc Kery, two anonymous referees, and the editor (Russell Millar) greatly improved the manuscript. The landbird data were generously provided by Rob Fletcher (University of Florida), Chris Rota (University of Missouri), and Dick Hutto (University of Montana). My work was partially sponsored by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, with funding from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF Award #EF-0832858. Additional support was provided by The University of Tennessee, Knoxville and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2012 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1312 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2012.01779.x PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 080IX UT WOS:000314236200032 PM 22937805 ER PT J AU Soulard, CE Sleeter, BM AF Soulard, Christopher E. Sleeter, Benjamin M. TI Late twentieth century land-cover change in the basin and range ecoregions of the United States SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Mojave; Sonoran; Great Basin; Fire; Development; Land use ID MOJAVE DESERT; GREAT-BASIN; VEGETATION COVER; THEMATIC MAPPER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; CHEATGRASS AB As part of the US Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends project, land-use/land-cover change estimates between 1973 and 2000 are presented for the basin and range ecoregions, including Northern, Central, Mojave, and Sonoran. Landsat data were employed to estimate and characterize land-cover change from 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 using a post-classification comparison. Overall, spatial change was 2.5% (17,830 km(2)). Change increased steadily between 1973 and 1986 but decreased slightly between 1992 and 2000. The grassland/shrubland class, frequently used for livestock grazing, constituted the majority of the study area and had a net decrease from an estimated 83.8% (587,024 km(2)) in 1973 to 82.6% (578,242 km(2)) in 2000. The most common land-use/land-cover conversions across the basin and range ecoregions were indicative of the changes associated with natural, nonmechanical disturbances (i.e., fire), and grassland/shrubland loss to development, agriculture, and mining. This comprehensive look at contemporary land-use/landcover change provides critical insight into how the deserts of the United States have changed and can be used to inform adaptive management practices of public lands. C1 [Soulard, Christopher E.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Soulard, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM csoulard@usgs.gov OI Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) program; Office of Global Change; US Environmental Protection Agency; NASA's Land-cover and Land-use Change Program. FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) program and Office of Global Change, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and NASA's Land-cover and Land-use Change Program. We thank the entire USGS Land Cover Trends Team and Laura Norman, Janis Taylor, and Tamara Wilson for providing constructive reviews of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 41 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 813 EP 823 DI 10.1007/s10113-012-0296-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081ER UT WOS:000314300400013 ER PT J AU Regmi, P Grosse, G Jones, MC Jones, BM Anthony, KW AF Regmi, Prajna Grosse, Guido Jones, Miriam C. Jones, Benjamin M. Anthony, Katey Walter TI Characterizing Post-Drainage Succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE thermokarst lake; drained thermokarst lake basin; X-band SAR; arctic peatland succession; permafrost; land surface age determination ID ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE; THAW LAKES; CARBON-CYCLE; VEGETATION; TUNDRA; PERMAFROST; DELTA; CLASSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Drained thermokarst lake basins accumulate significant amounts of soil organic carbon in the form of peat, which is of interest to understanding carbon cycling and climate change feedbacks associated with thermokarst in the Arctic. Remote sensing is a tool useful for understanding temporal and spatial dynamics of drained basins. In this study, we tested the application of high-resolution X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the German TerraSAR-X satellite from the 2009 growing season (July-September) for characterizing drained thermokarst lake basins of various age in the ice-rich permafrost region of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. To enhance interpretation of patterns identified in X-band SAR for these basins, we also analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from a Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image acquired on July 2009 and compared both X-band SAR and NDVI data with observations of basin age. We found significant logarithmic relationships between (a) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, (b) Landat-5 TM NDVI and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, and (c) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 50 to 10,000 years. NDVI was a better indicator of basin age over a period of 0-10,000 years. However, TerraSAR-X data performed much better for discriminating radiocarbon-dated basins (50-10,000 years old). No clear relationships were found for either backscatter or NDVI and basin age from 0 to 50 years. We attribute the decreasing trend of backscatter and NDVI with increasing basin age to post-drainage changes in the basin surface. Such changes include succession in vegetation, soils, hydrology, and renewed permafrost aggradation, ground ice accumulation and localized frost heave. Results of this study show the potential application of X-band SAR data in combination with NDVI data to map long-term succession dynamics of drained thermokarst lake basins. C1 [Regmi, Prajna; Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.; Anthony, Katey Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Regmi, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pregmi@alaska.edu; ggrosse@gi.alaska.edu; miriamjones@usgs.gov; bjones@usgs.gov; kmwalteranthony@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU NASA Carbon Cycle Sciences [NNX08AJ37G]; NSF [OPP-0732735]; Western Alaska LCC; German Space Agency DLR through IPY grant [LAN0351] FX We acknowledge support from NASA Carbon Cycle Sciences grant NNX08AJ37G, NSF grant OPP-0732735, and the Western Alaska LCC. We thank the German Space Agency DLR for providing TerraSAR-X images through IPY grant LAN0351. We thank the US National Park Service for permitting our research in Bering Land Bridge National preserve and providing Ikonos imagery. We thank four anonymous reviewers and two external USGS reviewers (L. Liu, J. Rover) for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 48 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 12 BP 3741 EP 3765 DI 10.3390/rs4123741 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 075VI UT WOS:000313914800005 ER PT J AU Landman, NH Garb, MP Rovelli, R Ebel, DS Edwards, LE AF Landman, Neil H. Garb, Matthew P. Rovelli, Remy Ebel, Denton S. Edwards, Lucy E. TI Short-term survival of ammonites in New Jersey after the end-Cretaceous bolide impact SO ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA LA English DT Article DE Ammonoidea; biostratigraphy; extinctions; iridium anomaly; Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary; New Jersey ID TERTIARY BOUNDARY; PALEOGENE BOUNDARY; MASS EXTINCTION; NORTH-AMERICA; COASTAL-PLAIN; CEPHALOPODS; TRANSITION; NAUTILUS; IRIDIUM; SECTION AB Landman, N.H., Garb, M.P., Rovelli, R., Ebel, D.S., and Edwards, L.E. 2012. Short-term survival of ammonites in New Jersey after the end-Cretaceous bolide impact. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (4): 703-715. A section containing the Cretaceous/Paleogene (= Cretaceous/Tertiary) boundary in Monmouth County, New Jersey, preserves a record of ammonites extending from the end of the Cretaceous into possibly the beginning of the Danian. The section includes the upper part of the Tinton Formation and lower part of the Hornerstown Formation. The top of the Tinton Formation is represented by a richly fossiliferous unit (the Pinna Layer) that contains many bivalves in life position as well as ammonite jaws preserved inside body chambers. Ammonites include Pachydiscus (Neodesmoceras) mokotibensis, Sphenodiscus lobatus, Eubaculites carinatus, E. latecarinatus, Discoscaphites iris, D. sphaeroidalis, D. minardi, and D. jerseyensis. The Pinna Layer probably represents a relatively short interval of time lasting tens to hundreds of years; it is conformably overlain by the Burrowed Unit, which contains a single fragment of Discoscaphites sp. and several fragments of E. latecarinatus, as well as several isolated specimens of ammonite jaws including two of Eubaculites. Examination of the mode of preservation of the ammonites and jaws suggests that they were fossilized during deposition of the Burrowed Unit and were not reworked from older deposits. Based on the ammonites and dinoflagellates in the Pinna Layer and the Burrowed Unit, these strata traditionally would be assigned to the uppermost Maastrichtian, corresponding to calcareous nannofossil Subzone CC26b. However, a weak iridium anomaly (500-600 pg/g) is present at the base of the Pinna Layer, which presumably represents the record of the bolide impact. Correlation with the iridium layer at the Global Stratotype Section and Point at El Kef, Tunisia, would, therefore, imply that these assemblages are actually Danian, provided that the iridium anomaly is in place and the ammonites and dinoflagellates are not reworked. If the iridium anomaly is in place, or even if it has migrated downward from the top of the Pinna Layer, the ammonites would have survived the impact at this site for a brief interval of time lasting from a few days to hundreds of years. C1 [Landman, Neil H.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol Invertebrates, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Garb, Matthew P.; Rovelli, Remy] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Garb, Matthew P.] CUNY, Grad Sch, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Ebel, Denton S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landman, NH (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol Invertebrates, 79th St & Cent Pk W, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM landman@amnh.org; mgarb@brooklyn.cuny.edu; remyrovelli@gmail.com; debel@amnh.org; leedward@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU INST PALEOBIOLOGII PAN PI WARSAW PA UL TWARDA 51/55, 00-818 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0567-7920 EI 1732-2421 J9 ACTA PALAEONTOL POL JI Acta Palaeontol. Pol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 703 EP 715 DI 10.4202/app.2011.0068 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 073WS UT WOS:000313774400005 ER PT J AU Le Mouelic, S Cornet, T Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Barnes, JW Baines, KH Brown, RH Lefevre, A Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Le Mouelic, Stephane Cornet, Thomas Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Barnes, Jason W. Baines, Kevin H. Brown, Robert H. Lefevre, Axel Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. TI Global mapping of Titan's surface using an empirical processing method for the atmospheric and photometric correction of Cassini/VIMS images SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; Surface; Infrared; Cassini; VIMS; Hyperspectral ID ONTARIO LACUS; VIMS AB We have processed all images of Titan's surface acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer between 2004 and 2010, with the objective of producing seamless global mosaics of the surface in the six infrared atmospheric windows at 1.08, 1.27, 1.59, 2.03, 2.6-2.7 and 5 mu m. A systematic study of the photometry at 5 mu m, where haze scattering can be neglected, shows that the surface behaves to first order like a Lambert surface. The results at 5 mu m are generalized to lower wavelengths, adding an empirical correction accounting for scattering from atmospheric aerosols, using methane band wings as a proxy for the calculation of the scattering additive term. Mosaics incorporating this empirical correction for the geometry and haze scattering show significantly less seams than any previous maps integrating data acquired over such a wide range of observing geometries, and may therefore be used for the study of surface properties. We provide several suggestions for further studies aimed at improving the global mapping of the surface of Titan. With the considered thresholds limits on the acquisition parameters, we found that 13% of Titan's surface has been mapped at an instrument resolution better than 10 km/pixel, 56% of the surface was seen at a resolution between 10 and 20 km/pixel, and 24% of the coverage falls in the range 20-50 km/pixel. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Mouelic, Stephane; Cornet, Thomas; Sotin, Christophe; Lefevre, Axel] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, CNRS, CEA,Ctr Orne Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Le Mouelic, S (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. EM stephane.lemouelic@univ-nantes.fr RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); ANR (project APOSTIC) FX Authors are very grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their detailed review and very constructive comments on the original manuscript. This work benefited from financial supports from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and from the ANR (project APOSTIC). NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 73 IS 1 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.09.008 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 077DF UT WOS:000314007400027 ER PT J AU Cooper, SE Nielsen, CK McDonald, PT AF Cooper, Susan E. Nielsen, Clayton K. McDonald, Patrick T. TI Landscape factors affecting relative abundance of gray foxes Urocyon cinereoargenteus at large scales in Illinois, USA SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carnivores; FRAGSTATS; gray foxes; habitat model; landscape; Urocyon cinereoargenteus ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; HABITAT USE; SPACE USE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MAMMALIAN PREDATORS; EXURBAN LANDSCAPE; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; LYNX-RUFUS; MODELS AB Evaluation of wildlife-habitat relationships at the landscape level provides insight into how habitat connectivity, fragmentation and land-use changes may affect wildlife populations. Although previous studies have demonstrated that habitat composition and configuration at large scales may affect the presence, survival and movement of carnivore species, no such analyses have been conducted for the gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus. We used a generalized correlative mapping approach to investigate the relationship of gray fox relative abundance to landscape variables at the county scale in Illinois, USA. Relative abundance of gray foxes was high in 37 of 102 (36%) counties. Four models were competitive based on Delta AIC(c) scores, and these models indicated that standard deviation of the perimeter-area ratio of agricultural patches, interspersion and juxtaposition index of grassland patches, coefficent of variation of the proximity index of forest patches and relative patch richness of the landscape affected gray fox relative abundance. The variables occurring in our competing models indicate that the relative abundance of the gray fox is higher in counties containing a high level of fragmentation of preferred habitat types (i.e. forests and grasslands) and lower dispersion of less preferred habitat types (i.e. agriculture). Our results reflect gray fox habitat use at smaller scales, and at the landscape scale, gray fox abundance is influenced by how cover-type patches are configured. C1 [Cooper, Susan E.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; McDonald, Patrick T.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Cooper, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. RP Cooper, SE (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM secooper5@yahoo.com; kezo92@siu.edu; Patrick.McDonald@illinois.gov FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources through the Illinois State Furbearer Fund; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Graduate School at Southern Illinois University Carbondale FX funding and support was provided by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources through the Illinois State Furbearer Fund. We thank the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Graduate School at Southern Illinois University Carbondale for support. E. Hellgren and E. Schauber gave input to earlier drafts of this manuscript. B. Bluett, C. Effinger, D. Haan, E. Hillard, A. Nollman and M. Ueffenbeck provided field and technical assistance. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 83 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.2981/11-093 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 073SD UT WOS:000313761900003 ER PT J AU Bissonette, JA Rosa, S AF Bissonette, John A. Rosa, Silvia TI An evaluation of a mitigation strategy for deer-vehicle collisions SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crossing structures; end-of-the-fence problem; escape ramps; exclusion fencing; landscape connectivity; mitigation; mortality; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; road-kill; underpasses; wildlife-vehicle collisions ID WILDLIFE UNDERPASSES; ROAD; HIGHWAY; MORTALITY AB High mule deer Odocoileus hemionus mortality in southwestern Utah led to the establishment of a mitigation strategy with two major objectives: 1) reduction of wildlife-vehicle collisions and 2) restoration of landscape connectivity to facilitate wildlife movement across the roaded landscape. During our study, we assessed the effectiveness of the mitigation measures in reducing mule deer mortality in the following ways: 1) we compared the number of deer-vehicle collisions in the newly fenced area with a control area without fencing; 2) we analyzed the 'end-of-the-fence' problem, defined here as increased mortality of mule deer at the ends of the 2.4-m high exclusion fences; and 3) we evaluated the frequency of animal crossings of the new underpasses using remotely-sensed cameras and compared them with crossing frequency rates for a 20-year-old control underpass. We compared six years of pre-construction mortality (during 1998-2003) with two years of post-construction data on mortality (during 2005-2006) and found a 98.5% decline in deer mortalities in the treatment (i.e. fenced, jump-outs and underpasses) vs a 2.9% decline in the control (i.e. no fences, no jump-outs and no underpasses). We detected no end-of-the-fence problems related to deer mortality. Migratory movements during fall and spring were clearly reflected in the use of underpass. Overall results demonstrated that the mitigation strategy was effective and reduced the number of deer-vehicle accidents, while allowing wildlife movement across the landscape. C1 [Bissonette, John A.; Rosa, Silvia] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources,US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bissonette, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wildland Resources,US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM john.bissonette@usu.edu; silviarosa2007@gmail.com FU Utah Department of Transportation; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Bureau of Land Management FX we thank the Utah Department of Transportation, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and the Bureau of Land Management (B. Bonebrake) for providing funding for this project. We also thank M. Conner, R. Cutler and S. Durham for their helpful suggestion on the project. We thank B. Bonebrake for his help, suggestions and hard work on every aspect of this project. Our profound appreciation goes to R. Taylor for making our research efforts easier. We also thank D. Ferrieria, P. Cramer, K. Kassar, D. Auer, C. Stewart, S. Kelly, F. Loureio, N. Merill and B. Frandser for their help. We very much appreciate D. Marques' illustrations of the underpasses and thank her for her artwork. We thank the Dedicated Hunter Program in the Southern Region for their help in the project. Thanks also to T. Boyer, N. Snow, T. Messmer, J. Jenks and R. Kirby for their helpful comments and edits. Finally, many thanks go to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 65 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.2981/11-122 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 073SD UT WOS:000313761900008 ER PT J AU Sigourney, DB Munch, SB Letcher, BH AF Sigourney, Douglas B. Munch, Stephan B. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Combining a Bayesian nonparametric method with a hierarchical framework to estimate individual and temporal variation in growth SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Bayesian state space model; Growth model; Mark-recapture; Random effects; Gaussian process ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TAG-RECAPTURE DATA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-GROWTH; SEASONAL GROWTH; SIZE VARIATION; MODEL; FISH; RATES AB Growth modeling has long played an important role in ecology, conservation and management of many species. However, adopting a statistical framework that includes both temporal and individual variability in the growth dynamics has proven challenging. In this paper, we use a Bayesian state space framework (BSSF) to estimate parameters of a discrete time model from a mark-recapture data set of age-1 juvenile Atlantic salmon. We use a Gaussian process (GP) based approach to model variation in seasonal growth potential. In addition, we use auxiliary information on the food environment as prior knowledge of seasonal fluctuations in growth. Parameters for the GP prior and measurement error variances were fixed to speed convergence. Posterior estimates of model parameters were relatively insensitive to these choices. Our model captures the seasonal growth dynamics of juvenile Atlantic salmon as evidenced by close agreement between observed and predicted lengths (r(2) = 0.98). In addition, the relatively narrow confidence intervals indicated significant learning in the parameters of interest. Finally, our model approach was able to accurately recover missing data points. Although this model was applied to a mark-recapture dataset of Atlantic salmon, the generality of the approach should make it applicable to a wide variety of size trajectory datasets, and thus, provides a useful tool to estimate individual and temporal variability in growth from datasets with repeated measurements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sigourney, Douglas B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Sigourney, DB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM douglas.sigourney@maine.edu NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.009 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600013 ER PT J AU Langseth, BJ Rogers, M Zhang, HY AF Langseth, Brian J. Rogers, Mark Zhang, Hongyan TI Modeling species invasions in Ecopath with Ecosim: An evaluation using Laurentian Great Lakes models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Food web models; Ecopath; Ecosim; Great lakes ID FISH COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; MANAGEMENT; HURON; PREDICTIONS; FLOW AB Invasive species affect the structure and processes of ecosystems they invade. Invasive species have been particularly relevant to the Laurentian Great Lakes, where they have played a part in both historical and recent changes to Great Lakes food webs and the fisheries supported therein. There is increased interest in understanding the effects of ecosystem changes on fisheries within the Great Lakes, and ecosystem models provide an essential tool from which this understanding can take place. A commonly used model for exploring fisheries management questions within an ecosystem context is the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modeling software. Incorporating invasive species into EwE models is a challenging process, and descriptions and comparisons of methods for modeling species invasions are lacking. We compared four methods for incorporating invasive species into EwE models for both lake Huron and Lake Michigan based on the ability of each to reproduce patterns in observed data time series. The methods differed in whether invasive species biomass was forced in the model, the initial level of invasive species biomass at the beginning of time dynamic simulations, and the approach to cause invasive species biomass to increase at the time of invasion. The overall process of species invasion could be reproduced by all methods, but fits to observed time series varied among the methods and models considered. We recommend forcing invasive species biomass when model objectives are to understand ecosystem impacts in the past and when time series of invasive species biomass are available. Among methods where invasive species time series were not forced, mediating the strength of predator-prey interactions performed best for the Lake Huron model, but worse for the Lake Michigan model. Starting invasive species biomass at high values and then artificially removing biomass until the time of invasion performed well for both models, but was more complex than starting invasive species biomass at low values. In general, for understanding the effect of invasive species on future fisheries management actions, we recommend initiating invasive species biomass at low levels based on the greater simplicity and realism of the method compared to others. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Langseth, Brian J.] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rogers, Mark] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Langseth, BJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 153 Giltner Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM langset2@msu.edu; mwrogers@usgs.gov; zhanghy@umich.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) FX We would like to thank members of the EwE modelers working groups for their valuable comments on improving the understanding of the methods presented herein and for comments on ways to best present them in a publication. Specifically, we would like to thank the contributions of Yu-Chun Kao, Michael Jones, Ed Rutherford, and David Bunnell, who provided sounding boards for our ideas in settings other than the modelers meeting workshops. We would like to thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), for providing a grant to MR, to fund travel to the modelers meeting workshops, as well as a separate GLFC grant that funded the work for BJL. This is QFC publication number 2012-09, contribution number 1708 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, and contribution number 1636 of NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.015 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600023 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, K Heller, N Gordon, DM AF Fitzgerald, Katherine Heller, Nicole Gordon, Deborah M. TI Modeling the spread of the Argentine ant into natural areas: Habitat suitability and spread from neighboring sites SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Invasion model; Grid-based model; Argentine ants; Linepithema humile; Prenolepis imparis ID LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; INVASIVE INSECT; ABIOTIC FACTORS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB To predict a fine-scale invasion of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) into a natural area from the surrounding suburban matrix, we introduce a grid-based invasion model, similar to a cellular automaton model. Our model was based on observations of ant presence and absence but, unlike other models based on presence-absence data, it incorporated the process of invasion by spread from neighboring areas. Simulations were parameterized from a statistical analysis of a 17-year survey of ant distributions in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve in northern California. We simulated the effects of Argentine ant presence at neighboring grid squares, distance to development, presence of the native winter ant Prenolepis imparis, and other habitat and climate variables, and used these models to simulate invasion over many decades. The best predictions of the extent of Argentine ant invasion were based on the distance of each site to developed areas. Adding the effect of neighbors improved the predictions of the time at which sites would be invaded. Winter ants responded mainly to vegetation cover. Our results suggest that Argentine ants may reach their potential distribution in insular urban reserves rapidly, perhaps within 10 years, and that reserve size determines whether the reserve is likely to become fully invaded. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fitzgerald, Katherine; Gordon, Deborah M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Heller, Nicole] Climate Cent, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. RP Fitzgerald, K (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, 1829 S Oregon St, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. EM kfitzger@alumni.stanford.edu; heller.nicole@gmail.com; dmgordon@stanford.edu FU Mellon Foundation FX Many thanks to the staffs of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, especially to T. Hebert and C. Cleve, who provided map layers and GIS assistance, and to C. Roessler and particularly to P. Cohen for overall support. J. Shors was instrumental in field work at Jasper Ridge and in the selection of the other preserves, and a small army of assistants helped with field work. Conversations with F. Adler, P. Switzer, and J. Roughgarden were helpful in planning the model. Thanks to N. Pinter-Wollman, N. Chiariello, R. Dirzo, and L Fitzgerald for advice on the manuscript. Special thanks to S. Tuljapurkar for encouragement and advice through every stage of the project. KF would also like to thank K. Bennett and her family for their hospitality during the writing of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by a Mellon Foundation grant to KF. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.07.036 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600024 ER PT J AU Wang, HQ Meselhe, EA Waldon, MG Harwell, MC Chen, CF AF Wang, Hongqing Meselhe, Ehab A. Waldon, Michael G. Harwell, Matthew C. Chen, Chunfang TI Compartment-based hydrodynamics and water quality modeling of a Northern Everglades Wetland, Florida, USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Everglades; Compartmental modeling; Hydrodynamics; Water quality; Water managment; Sensitivity analysis ID STORMWATER TREATMENT AREAS; PHOSPHORUS; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS AB The last remaining large remnant of softwater wetlands in the US Florida Everglades lies within the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. However, Refuge water quality today is impacted by pumped stormwater inflows to the eutrophic and mineral-enriched 100-km canal, which circumscribes the wetland. Optimal management is a challenge and requires scientifically based predictive tools to assess and forecast the impacts of water management on Refuge water quality. In this research, we developed a compartment-based numerical model of hydrodynamics and water quality for the Refuge. Using the numerical model, we examined the dynamics in stage, water depth, discharge from hydraulic structures along the canal, and exchange flow among canal and marsh compartments. We also investigated the transport of chloride, sulfate and total phosphorus from the canal to the marsh interior driven by hydraulic gradients as well as biological removal of sulfate and total phosphorus. The model was calibrated and validated using long-term stage and water quality data (1995-2007). Statistical analysis indicates that the model is capable of capturing the spatial (from canal to interior marsh) gradients of constituents across the Refuge. Simulations demonstrate that flow from the eutrophic and mineral-enriched canal impacts chloride and sulfate in the interior marsh. In contrast, total phosphorus in the interior marsh shows low sensitivity to intrusion and dispersive transport. We conducted a rainfall-driven scenario test in which the pumped inflow concentrations of chloride, sulfate and total phosphorus were equal to rainfall concentrations (wet deposition). This test shows that pumped inflow is the dominant factor responsible for the substantially increased chloride and sulfate concentrations in the interior marsh. Therefore, the present day Refuge should not be classified as solely a rainfall-driven or ombrotrophic wetland. The model provides an effective screening tool for studying the impacts of various water management alternatives on water quality across the Refuge, and demonstrates the practicality of similarly modeling other wetland systems. As a general rule, modeling provides one component of a multi-faceted effort to provide technical support for ecosystem management decisions. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Meselhe, Ehab A.] Water Inst Gulf, Baton Rouge, LA 70825 USA. [Harwell, Matthew C.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Chen, Chunfang] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Inst Coastal Ecol & Engn, Ctr Louisiana Inland Waters Studies, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Wang, HQ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM wangh@usgs.gov RI Wang, Hongqing /D-2575-2014; OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Louisiana at Lafayette FX This research was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service through a cooperative agreement with the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. We thank the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) for providing water quality and flow data. We thank Nicholas G. Aumen, Robert H. Kadlec, Sarai Piazza, Gregory D. Steyer, William W. Walker and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments that significantly improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, US Department of Interior, or US Environmental Protection Agency. The work was conducted independent of EPA employment and has not been subjected to EPA's peer and administrative review. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.09.007 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600025 ER PT J AU Plumlee, GS Morman, SA Cook, A AF Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Morman, Suzette A. Cook, Angus TI Environmental and Medical Geochemistry in Urban Disaster Response and Preparedness SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE urban disasters; hazardous materials; environmental processes; environmental impacts; health impacts ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NATURAL DISASTERS; NEW-ORLEANS; EARTHQUAKE; HEALTH; SCENARIO; SOILS; ASH AB History abounds with accounts of cities that were destroyed or significantly damaged by natural or anthropogenic disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, wildland-urban wildfires, hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, urban firestorms, terrorist attacks, and armed conflicts. Burgeoning megacities place ever more people in the way of harm from future disasters. In addition to the physical damage, casualties, and injuries they cause, sudden urban disasters can also release into the environment large volumes of potentially hazardous materials. Environmental and medical geochemistry investigations help us to (1) understand the sources and environmental behavior of disaster materials, (2) assess potential threats the materials pose to the urban environment and health of urban populations, (3) develop strategies for their cleanup/disposal, and (4) anticipate and mitigate potential environmental and health effects from future urban disasters. C1 [Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Morman, Suzette A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cook, Angus] Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat Hlth, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Plumlee, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gplumlee@usgs.gov; smorman@usgs.gov; angus.cook@uwa.edu.au NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.2113/gselements.8.6.451 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 066PH UT WOS:000313232200010 ER PT J AU Karlstrom, KE Beard, LS House, K Young, RA Aslan, A Billingsley, G Pederson, J AF Karlstrom, Karl E. Beard, L. Sue House, Kyle Young, Richard A. Aslan, Andres Billingsley, George Pederson, Joel TI Introduction: CRevolution 2: Origin and Evolution of the Colorado River System II SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRAINAGE; PLATEAU; CANYON; UPLIFT AB A 2010 Colorado River symposium held in Flagstaff, Arizona, in May 2010, had 70 participants who engaged in intense debate about the origin and evolution of the Colorado River system. This symposium, built on two previous decadal scientific meetings, focused on forging scientific consensus where possible, while also articulating continued controversies regarding the Cenozoic evolution of the Colorado River System and the landscapes of the Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain region that it drains. New developments involved hypotheses that Neogene mantle flow is driving plateau tilting and differential uplift, with consensus that multidisciplinary studies involving differential incision studies and additional geochronology and thermochronology are needed to test the relative importance of tectonic and geomorphic forcings in shaping the spectacular landscapes of the Colorado Plateau region. In addition to the scientific goals, the meeting participants emphasized the iconic status of Grand Canyon for geosciences, and the importance of good communication between the research community, the geoscience education/interpretation community, the public, and the media. Building on a century-long tradition, this region still provides a globally important natural laboratory for studies of the interactions of erosion and tectonism in the shaping landscape of elevated plateaus. C1 [Karlstrom, Karl E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Beard, L. Sue; House, Kyle; Billingsley, George] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Young, Richard A.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Aslan, Andres] Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Geol, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. [Pederson, Joel] Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Karlstrom, KE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM kek1@unm.edu; sbeard@usgs.gov; pkhouse@gmail.com; young@geneseo.edu; aaslan@coloradomesa.edu; gbillingsley@usgs.gov; joel.pederson@usu.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1170 EP 1176 DI 10.1130/GES00716.1 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062OT UT WOS:000312929900001 ER PT J AU Ryan, HF Draut, AE Keranen, K Scholl, DW AF Ryan, H. F. Draut, Amy E. Keranen, Katie Scholl, David W. TI Influence of the Amlia fracture zone on the evolution of the Aleutian Terrace forearc basin, central Aleutian subduction zone SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ANDREANOF ISLANDS EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; NORTH PACIFIC; PLATE; TRENCH; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; ALASKA; SLIP; GLACIATION AB During Pliocene to Quaternary time, the central Aleutian forearc basin evolved in response to a combination of tectonic and climatic factors. Initially, along-trench transport of sediment and accretion of a frontal prism created the accommodation space to allow forearc basin deposition. Transport of sufficient sediment to overtop the bathymetrically high Amlia fracture zone and reach the central Aleutian arc began with glaciation of continental Alaska in the Pliocene. As the obliquely subducting Amlia fracture zone swept along the central Aleutian arc, it further affected the structural evolution of the forearc basins. The subduction of the Amlia fracture zone resulted in basin inversion and loss of accommodation space east of the migrating fracture zone. Conversely, west of Amlia fracture zone, accommodation space increased arcward of a large outer-arc high that formed, in part, by a thickening of arc basement. This difference in deformation is interpreted to be the result of a variation in interplate coupling across the Amlia fracture zone that was facilitated by increasing subduction obliquity, a change in orientation of the subducting Amlia fracture zone, and late Quaternary intensification of glaciation. The change in coupling is manifested by a possible tear in the subducting slab along the Amlia fracture zone. Differences in coupling across the Amlia fracture zone have important implications for the location of maximum slip during future great earthquakes. In addition, shaking during a great earthquake could trigger large mass failures of the summit platform, as evidenced by the presence of thick mass transport deposits of primarily Quaternary age that are found in the forearc basin west of the Amlia fracture zone. C1 [Ryan, H. F.; Scholl, David W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Keranen, Katie] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hryan@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1273 DI 10.1130/GES00815.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062OT UT WOS:000312929900005 ER PT J AU Thomas, WA Tucker, RD Astini, RA Denison, RE AF Thomas, William A. Tucker, Robert D. Astini, Ricardo A. Denison, Rodger E. TI Ages of pre-rift basement and synrift rocks along the conjugate rift and transform margins of the Argentine Precordillera and Laurentia SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN SIERRAS-PAMPEANAS; EARLY PALEOZOIC EVOLUTION; PROTO-ANDEAN MARGIN; SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AULACOGEN; PIE-DE-PALO; U-PB AGES; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS; OUACHITA EMBAYMENT; FAMATINIAN OROGENY AB New geochronologic data from basement rocks support the interpretation that the Argentine Precordillera (Cuyania) terrane was rifted from the Ouachita embayment of the Iapetan margin of Laurentia. New data from the Ozark dome show a range of ages in two groups at 1466 +/- 3 to 1462 +/- 1 Ma and 1323 +/- 2 to 1317 +/- 2 Ma, consistent with existing data for the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite province and Southern Granite-Rhyolite province, respectively. Similarly, a newly determined age of 1364 +/- 2 Ma for the Tishomingo Granite in the Arbuckle Mountains confirms previously published analyses for this part of the Southern Granite-Rhyolite province. Along with previously reported ages from basement olistoliths in Ordovician slope deposits in the Ouachita embayment, the data for basement ages support the interpretation that rocks of the Southern Granite-Rhyolite province form the margin of Laurentian crust around the corner of the Ouachita embayment, which is bounded by the Ouachita rift and Alabama-Oklahoma transform fault. In contrast, both west and east of the corner of the Ouachita embayment, Grenville-Llano basement (approximately 1325-1000 Ma) forms the rifted margin of Laurentia. New U/Pb zircon data from basement rocks in the southern part of the Argentine Precordillera indicate crystallization ages of 1205 +/- 1 Ma and 1204 +/- 2 Ma, consistent with previously reported ages (approximately 1250-1000 Ma) of basement rocks from other parts of the Precordillera. These data document multiple events within the same time span as multiple events in the Grenville orogeny in eastern Laurentia, and are consistent with Grenville-age rocks along the conjugate margins of the Precordillera and Laurentia. Ages from one newly analyzed collection, however, are older than those from other basement rocks in the Precordillera. These ages, from granodioritic-granitic basement clasts in a conglomerate olistolith in Ordovician slope deposits, are 1370 +/- 2 Ma and 1367 +/- 5 Ma. These older ages from the Precordillera are consistent with indications that the Iapetan margin in the Ouachita embayment of Laurentia truncated the Grenville front and left older rocks of the Southern Granite-Rhyolite province (1390-1320 Ma) at the rifted margin. Chronostratigraphic correlations of synrift and post-rift sedimentary deposits on the Precordillera and on the Texas promontory of Laurentia document initial rifting in the Early Cambrian. Previously published data from synrift plutonic and volcanic rocks in the Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains along the transform-parallel intracratonic Southern Oklahoma fault system inboard from the Ouachita embayment document crystallization ages of 539-530 Ma. New data from synrift volcanic rocks in the Arbuckle Mountains in the eastern part of the Southern Oklahoma fault system yield ages of 539 +/- 5 Ma and 536 +/- 5 Ma, confirming the age of synrift volcanism. C1 [Thomas, William A.] Geol Survey Alabama, University, AL 35486 USA. [Tucker, Robert D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Astini, Ricardo A.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Lab Anal Cuencas, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP Thomas, WA (reprint author), Geol Survey Alabama, 420 Hackberry Lane,POB 869999, University, AL 35486 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-9706735]; National Geographic Society [6090-97]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas [112-200801-03265]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Argentina) [07-33630] FX Parts of this research were supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-9706735) to Thomas and a grant from the National Geographic Society (6090-97) to Thomas and Astini. This research was initiated while Thomas was on sabbatical leave from the University of Kentucky and Astini held a Fulbright Research Award, supporting our work together as visitors at the Geological Survey of Alabama. Astini acknowledges research support from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (112-200801-03265) and from Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (07-33630) (Argentina). We acknowledge constructive comments during the preparation of this article from Rich Harrison, Sharon Mosher, Ed Osborne, and Doug Rankin. Reviews of the manuscript for Geosphere by Richard Hanson and Bob Hatcher are gratefully acknowledged. We especially thank Bill Dickinson for the invitation to prepare this paper for the special issue of Geosphere, as well as for his comments on the manuscript. NR 110 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1383 DI 10.1130/GES00800.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062OT UT WOS:000312929900012 ER PT J AU Konstantinou, A Strickland, A Miller, EL Wooden, JP AF Konstantinou, Alexandros Strickland, Ariel Miller, Elizabeth L. Wooden, Joseph P. TI Multistage Cenozoic extension of the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex: Geochronologic and stratigraphic constraints SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVIER THRUST BELT; NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; RANGE SOUTHERN IDAHO; MANTLED GNEISS DOMES; NORMAL-FAULT SYSTEMS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; EASTERN NEVADA; SHEAR ZONE AB Despite numerous studies on the structural evolution of metamorphic core complexes, there is still little consensus on the set and sequence of processes that bring deep levels of the crust to the surface during extension. This problem is partially related to the fact that core complexes expose polydeformed rocks, the history of which has been challenging to decipher. New geochronological and structural data combined with existing data provide improved insight into the Cenozoic extensional evolution of the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex. The Cenozoic extensional history of the core complex can be divided into several distinct stages based on the geochronology and structure of igneous and metamorphic rocks in the lower plate of the complex combined with the geochronology and regional geologic context of sedimentary and volcanic rocks flanking the complex. Initial volcanism and plutonism was Eocene age (42-34 Ma), related to a regional southward-younging magmatic event. The development of high-temperature (sillimanite grade) metamorphic fabrics and mineral assemblages in footwall rocks was mostly Oligocene (ca. 32-25 Ma), synchronous with the diapiric rise and intrusion of evolved plutons to mid-crustal depths (similar to 10-15 km), formed by partial melting and remobilization of the deeper crust. There is no evidence for associated volcanism or basin development at the surface during this time span. The metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the core complex apparently remained at depth for similar to 10-12 m.y. until the Middle Miocene (ca. 14 Ma), when they were exhumed by Basin and Range faulting. Detrital zircon studies of continental basin sediments demonstrate that the synextensional Raft River Basin, bounded by the Albion-Raft River fault system, began to develop along the eastern side of the ARG metamorphic core complex ca. 13.5 Ma, synchronous with footwall cooling and uplift between 13.5 and 7 Ma recorded by apatite fission track ages. The evolution of sediment sources in the Raft River Basin help define three phases of Miocene tectonism. (1) Between 13.5 and 10.5 Ma, rapid slip on the Albion fault, which rooted into a ductile-brittle transition zone represented by the Raft River detachment, exhumed Paleozoic strata that, together with Miocene volcanic rocks, sourced the basin. (2) Between 10.5 and 8.2 Ma, continued slip resulted in a topographic depression filled with volcanic rocks and detritus derived from footwall metamorphic and crystalline rocks as well as prior sources. (3) After 8.2 Ma, the sedimentary basin was cut, rotated, and repeated by a set of younger north-south-striking normal faults that extended the basin in an east-west direction, structurally uplifting the basin sediments to erosion. These younger faults die out to the south and minimally displace the fault system that bounds the metamorphic core of the Raft River Mountains. The Cenozoic evolution proposed for the ARG metamorphic core complex indicates that the formation of Oligocene granite-cored gneiss domes and their high-temperature metamorphic carapace and overlying detachments, are distinctly older (ca. 10 Ma), and thus unrelated to the younger exhumation by high-angle faulting. C1 [Konstantinou, Alexandros; Miller, Elizabeth L.; Wooden, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Strickland, Ariel] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wooden, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Konstantinou, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU Leventis Foundation grant; Stanford Graduate Fellowship; Stanford McGee Fund; National Science Foundation Tectonics Division [EAR-0809226, EAR-0948679] FX This work was made possible through grants awarded to Alexandros Konstantinou and Elizabeth Miller. Field work funds were provided by a Leventis Foundation grant, a Stanford Graduate Fellowship, and a Stanford McGee Fund awarded to Alexandros Konstantinou. Field and analytical work were funded by National Science Foundation Tectonics Division grants EAR-0809226 and EAR-0948679 to Miller. We thank Michael Wells, Mike Williams, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that helped to significantly improve this manuscript. NR 140 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1429 EP 1466 DI 10.1130/GES00778.1 PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062OT UT WOS:000312929900015 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W Fierstein, J AF Hildreth, Wes Fierstein, Judy TI Eruptive history of Mount Katmai, Alaska SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID 10 THOUSAND SMOKES; NATIONAL-PARK; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; VOLCANIC CLUSTER; CALDERA COLLAPSE; ROCK SERIES; NOVARUPTA; PENINSULA; SEISMICITY; VALLEY AB Mount Katmai has long been recognized for its caldera collapse during the great pyroclastic eruption of 1912 (which vented 10 km away at Novarupta in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes), but little has previously been reported about the geology of the remote ice-clad stratovolcano itself. Over several seasons, we reconnoitered all parts of the edifice and sampled most of the lava flows exposed on its flanks and caldera rim. The precipitous inner walls of the 1912 caldera remain too unstable for systematic sampling; so we provide instead a photographic and interpretive record of the wall sequences exposed. In contrast to the several andesite-dacite strato-volcanoes nearby, products of Mount Katmai range from basalt to rhyolite. Before collapse in 1912, there were two overlapping cones with separate vent complexes and craters; their products are here divided into eight sequences of lava flows, agglutinates, and phreatomagmatic ejecta. Latest Pleistocene and Holocene eruptive units include rhyodacite and rhyolite lava flows along the south rim; a major 22.8-ka rhyolitic plinian fall and ignimbrite deposit; a dacite-andesite zoned scoria fall; a thick sheet of dacite agglutinate that filled a paleocrater and draped the west side of the edifice; unglaciated leveed dacite lava flows on the southeast slope; and the Horseshoe Island dacite dome that extruded on the caldera floor after collapse. Pre-collapse volume of the glaciated Katmai edifice was similar to 30 km(3), and eruptive volume is estimated to have been 57 +/- 13 km(3). The latter figure includes similar to 40 +/- 6 km(3) for the edifice, 5 +/- 2 km(3) for off-edifice dacite pyroclastic deposits, and 12 +/- 5 km(3) for the 22.8-ka rhyolitic pyroclastic deposits. To these can be added 13.5 km(3) of magma that erupted at Novarupta in 1912, all or much of which is inferred to have been withdrawn from beneath Mount Katmai. The oldest part of the edifice exposed is a basaltic cone, which gave a Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau age of 89 +/- 25 ka. The seismic record of caldera collapse includes 14 earthquakes of magnitude 6.07.0. By combining the times of earthquakes, the hours of downwind plinian-fall episodes from Novarupta, and the stratigraphic record of hydrothermal explosion breccia and phreatic mud layers ejected around the caldera rim and intercalated within the Novarupta pumice-fall sequence, it can be inferred that collapse began in the 11th hour of the 60-h-long eruption and continued fitfully for 3.5 days. Several big landslides and pumiceous debris flows shaken loose by the collapse-related seismicity are bracketed in time by their levels of intercalation within the Novarupta pumice-fall sequence. An intracaldera lake was similar to 10 m deep by 1916, drained away in 1923, and has since deepened progressively to similar to 250 m today. Compositionally, products of Mount Katmai represent an ordinary medium-K arc array, both tholeiitic and calcalkaline, that extends from 51.6% to 72.3% SiO2. Values of Sr-87/Sr-86 range from 0.70335 to 0.70372, correlating loosely with fractionation indices. The 5-6 km(3) of continuously zoned andesite-dacite magma (58%-68% SiO2) that erupted at Novarupta in 1912 was withdrawn from beneath Mount Katmai and bears close compositional affinity with products of that edifice, not with pre-1912 products of the adjacent Trident cluster. Evidence is presented that the 7-8 km(3) of high-silica rhyolite (77% SiO2) released in 1912 is unlikely to have been stored under Novarupta or Trident. Pre-eruptive contiguity with the andesite-dacite reservoir is suggested by (1) eruption of similar to 3 km(3) of rhyolite magma first, followed by mutual mingling in fluctuating proportions; (2) thermal and redox continuity of the whole zoned sequence despite the wide compositional gap; (3) Nd, Sr, O isotopic, and rare earth element (REE) affinities of the whole array; (4) compositional continuity of the nearly aphyric rhyolite with the glass (melt) phase of the phenocryst-rich dacite; and (5) phase-equilibrium experiments that indicate similar shallow pre-eruptive storage depths (3-6 km) for rhyolite, dacite, and andesite. C1 [Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fierstein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hildreth@usgs.gov; jfierstn@usgs.gov FU Geothermal Research and Volcano Hazards Programs of the USGS FX Important contributions to our fieldwork on the Mount Katmai edifice were made by Maura Hanning and Bruce Houghton. Helicopter pilots Bill Springer, Jim Sink, and Sam Egli set us down in some breath-taking places that we were unlikely ever to have reached on foot. Many seasons backpacking on foot were supported by the Geothermal Research and Volcano Hazards Programs of the USGS, and several later seasons with helicopter support by Alaska Volcano Observatory under the leadership of Terry Keith and Tom Murray. Helpful reviews were provided by Raffaello Cioni, Bruce Houghton, and William E. Scott. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 58 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1527 EP 1567 DI 10.1130/GES00817.1 PG 41 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062OT UT WOS:000312929900018 ER PT J AU Johnson, SY Watt, JT AF Johnson, Samuel Y. Watt, Janet T. TI Influence of fault trend, bends, and convergence on shallow structure and geomorphology of the Hosgri strike-slip fault, offshore central California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; MARINE-SANCTUARY; SEA-LEVEL; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEM; COAST; SEDIMENTATION; SEISMICITY; ORIGINS AB We mapped an similar to 94-km-long portion of the right-lateral Hosgri fault zone in offshore central California using a dense network of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, marine magnetic data, and multibeam bathymetry. These data document the location, length, and continuity of multiple fault strands, highlight fault-zone heterogeneity, and demonstrate the importance of fault trend, fault bends, and fault convergence in the development of shallow structure and tectonic geomorphology along strike-slip faults. Eight sections (A through H) of the Hosgri fault are mapped. The fault trends similar to 335 degrees to 341 degrees in the southern similar to 40 km of the study area (sections A through C) where shallow deformation is primarily dilational. The absence of tectonic uplift in this area has contributed to localization of the Santa Maria River and delta and, as a result, Holocene sediments cover the fault zone. The Hosgri fault generally trends 329 degrees to 337 degrees in the central similar to 24 km of the study area (sections D through F), which coincides with oblique convergence of the Hosgri and the more northwest-trending Los Osos and Shoreline faults. This convergence has resulted in local restraining and releasing fault bends, transpressive uplifts, and extensional basins of varying size and morphology. Notably, development of a paired fault bend is linked to indenting and bulging of the Hosgri fault by a strong crustal block translated to the northwest along the Shoreline fault. Two diverging Hosgri fault strands bounding a central uplifted block characterize the northern similar to 30 km of the Hosgri fault (sections G and H) in this area. The eastern Hosgri passes through significant releasing (329 degrees to 335 degrees) and restraining (335 degrees to 328 degrees) bends before passing onland at San Simeon; the releasing bend is the primary control on development of an elongate, asymmetric, 15-km-long x 300- to 2400-m-wide, "Lazy Z" sedimentary basin. The western strand of the Hosgri fault passes through a significant restraining bend (329 degrees to 316 degrees) and continues northward until slip is transferred to faults underlying the Piedras Blancas fold belt. Earthquake hazard assessments should incorporate a minimum rupture length of 110 km based on continuity of the Hosgri fault zone through this area. Lateral slip rates may vary along the fault (both to the north and south) as different structures converge and diverge but are probably in the geodetically estimated range of 2-4 mm/yr. C1 [Johnson, Samuel Y.; Watt, Janet T.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Johnson, SY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; National Geologic Mapping Program; Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) through a Collaborative Research and Development Agreement; California Ocean Protection Council FX This work was jointly funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, National Geologic Mapping Program, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) through a Collaborative Research and Development Agreement. We thank Roberto Anima, Jeff Beeson, Mike Boyle, Mark Kocina, Jackson Currie, Jamie Grover, Pat Hart, Gerald Hatcher, Larry Kooker, Daniel Scheirer, Ray Sliter, George Tate, Peter Triezenberg, and Robert Wyland for assistance in collection of USGS seismic-reflection and marine magnetic data. We are grateful to the California Ocean Protection Council for supporting the California Seafloor Mapping Program and high-resolution bathymetric mapping with special thanks to Sheila Semans. We thank Rikk Kvitek and the California State University at Monterey Bay Seafloor Mapping Lab for completing the bathymetric mapping and continuing strong collaboration. We have benefitted from stimulating discussions with Hans AbramsonWard, Jeff Beeson, Tim Dawson, Bill Ellsworth, Russ Graymer, Gary Greene, Katherine Hanson, Steve Hartwell, Vicki Langenheim, Bill Lettis, Stu Nishenko, Bill Page, Tom Parsons, Holly Ryan, Gordon Seitz, Ray Sliter, Steve Thompson, Carl Wentworth, and Chris Wills. Holly Ryan, Gary Greene, and Paul Mann provided stimulating and constructive reviews. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1632 EP 1656 DI 10.1130/GES00830.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062OT UT WOS:000312929900022 ER PT J AU Kocher, SD Toman, E Trainor, SF Wright, V Briggs, JS Goebel, CP MontBlanc, EM Oxarart, A Pepin, DL Steelman, TA Thode, A Waldrop, TA AF Kocher, Susan D. Toman, Eric Trainor, Sarah F. Wright, Vita Briggs, Jennifer S. Goebel, Charles P. MontBlanc, Eugenie M. Oxarart, Annie Pepin, Donna L. Steelman, Toddi A. Thode, Andrea Waldrop, Thomas A. TI How Can We Span the Boundaries between Wildland Fire Science and Management in the United States? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire science; boundary organization; fire management; Joint Fire Science Program; technology transfer ID CLIMATE FORECASTS; DECISION-MAKING; POLICY; INFORMATION; INTERFACE; PERCEPTIONS AB In 2009, the federal Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) initiated a national network of boundary organizations, known as regional fire science consortia, to accelerate the awareness, understanding, and use of wildland fire science. Needs assessments conducted by consortia in eight regions of the United States are synthesized here using a case survey approach. Although regions used different methods based on their different ecosystems, geography, and demography, results showed striking similarities in how fire science is accessed and used, barriers to its use, and research information needed. Use of Internet-based information is universally high; however, in-person knowledge exchange is preferred. Obstacles to fire science application include lack of time, resources, and access to the most relevant information as well as communication barriers between scientists and managers. Findings show a clear need for boundary organizations to span fire science and management to (a) organize and consolidate fire science information through easily accessible websites and (b) strengthen relationships between scientists and managers to facilitate production and communication of science relevant to managers' concerns. This article contributes to boundary spanning theory by underscoring and documenting the advantages of regionally focused boundary organizations in meeting user needs and building bridges between fire scientists and managers. C1 [Kocher, Susan D.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. [Toman, Eric] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Trainor, Sarah F.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geog, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Wright, Vita] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, NPS Branch Wildland Fire, Kalispell, MT USA. [Briggs, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Goebel, Charles P.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH USA. [MontBlanc, Eugenie M.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Oxarart, Annie] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pepin, Donna L.] Natl Pk Serv, W Glacier, MT USA. [Steelman, Toddi A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Thode, Andrea] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC USA. RP Kocher, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. EM sdkocher@ucanr.edu; toman.10@osu.edu; sarah.trainor@alaska.edu; vwright@fs.fed.us; jsbriggs@usgs.gov; goebel.11@osu.edu; emb@cabnr.unr.edu; oxarart@ufl.edu; donna_pepin@nps.gov; Toddi.Steelman@usask.ca; Andi.thode@nau.edu; twaldrop@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program to carry out the needs assessments described here as well as the efforts of the many involved with the Regional Fire Exchange Network for their work in collecting the data analyzed in this article and for their efforts at spanning the boundary between fire science and management. The first four authors contributed equally to article preparation. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 110 IS 8 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.5849/jof.11-085 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 066ME UT WOS:000313224100005 ER PT J AU Ator, SW Denver, JM AF Ator, Scott W. Denver, Judith M. TI Estimating Contributions of Nitrate and Herbicides From Groundwater to Headwater Streams, Northern Atlantsdic Coastal Plain, United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE base-flow contaminant flux; surface water/groundwater interactions; nonpoint source pollution; nutrients; pesticides/herbicides; total maximum daily load (TMDL); groundwater discharge ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; DELMARVA PENINSULA; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CONSTITUENT LOADS; SURFACE WATERS; NITROGEN LOADS; RIVER; CONTAMINATION; PESTICIDES AB Groundwater transport often complicates understanding of surface-water contamination. We estimated the regional flux of nitrate and selected herbicides from groundwater to nontidal headwater streams of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (New Jersey through North Carolina) based on late-winter or spring base-flow samples from 174 streams. Sampled streams were selected randomly, and flux estimates are based on resulting population estimates rather than on empirical models, which have been used previously for similar estimates. Base-flow flux in the estimated 8,834 headwater streams of the study area are an estimated 21,200 kg/day of nitrate (as N) and 5.83, 0.565, and 20.7 kg/day of alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor (and selected degradates), respectively. Base-flow flux of alachlor and metolachlor is <3% of the total base-flow flux of those compounds plus degradates. Base-flow flux of nitrate and herbicides as a percentage of applications is typically highest in well-drained areas and lowest in areas with abundant poor drainage and anoxic conditions. In Coastal Plain watersheds of Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, <2% of applied nitrogen reaches headwater streams as base flow. On the Delmarva Peninsula part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, however, more than 10% of such applications are transported through groundwater to streams, and base-flow nitrate flux represents 70% of total nitrogen flux in headwater streams. C1 [Ator, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Denver, Judith M.] US Geol Survey, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Ator, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM swator@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1090 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00672.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 067AO UT WOS:000313264200001 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Walling, DE Gellis, AC Slattery, MC Radcliffe, DE AF Mukundan, Rajith Walling, Desmond E. Gellis, Allen C. Slattery, Michael C. Radcliffe, David E. TI Sediment Source Fingerprinting: Transforming From a Research Tool to a Management Tool SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment TMDLs; watersheds; sediment sources; water-quality standards ID WATERSHED EROSION PROCESSES; FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; OLD MILL RESERVOIR; MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS; FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES; GULLIED CATCHMENT; RIVER SYSTEM; MIXING MODEL; SOUTH DEVON; UK AB Information on the nature and relative contribution of different watershed sediment sources is recognized as a key requirement in the design and implementation of targeted management strategies for sediment control. A direct method of assessing sediment sources in a watershed that has attracted attention in recent years is sediment fingerprinting. The aim of this article is to describe the development of sediment fingerprinting as a research tool and to consider how the method might be transformed from a research tool to a management tool within a regulatory framework, with special reference to the United States total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. When compared with the current source assessment tools in developing sediment TMDLs, sediment fingerprinting offers considerable improvement as a tool for quantifying sources of sediment in terms of source type (e.g., channel vs. hillslope) as well as spatial location (subwatershed). While developing a conceptual framework for sediment TMDLs, we recognize sediment fingerprinting along with sediment budgeting and modeling as valuable tools in the TMDL process for developing justifiable sediment TMDLs. The discussions presented in this article may be considered as a first step toward streamlining the sediment fingerprinting approach for its wider application in a regulatory framework. C1 [Mukundan, Rajith] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Walling, Desmond E.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Gellis, Allen C.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Slattery, Michael C.] Texas Christian Univ, Sch Geol Energy & Environm, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Slattery, Michael C.] Texas Christian Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Radcliffe, David E.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM rajith.mukundan@hunter.cuny.edu FU USDA-NIFA [2007-51130-03869] FX This study is a direct outcome of a symposium "Stream Geomorphic Assessments and Sediment Fingerprinting" organized at the USDA National Water Conference February 2010 Hilton Head, South Carolina. The symposium was organized as part of a research project funded by the USDA-NIFA (Grant #2007-51130-03869) carried out at the University of Georgia under the direction of Dr. David Radcliffe. NR 95 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1257 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00685.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 067AO UT WOS:000313264200013 ER PT J AU Stroud, RK AF Stroud, Richard K. TI Bruising encounters in veterinary forensics SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMORRHAGES C1 [Stroud, Richard K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Stroud, RK (reprint author), 65751 E Bay Dr, N Bend, OR 97459 USA. EM rstroud@stroudconsultants.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 194 IS 3 BP 278 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.006 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 066MG UT WOS:000313224300006 PM 22831990 ER PT J AU Vazquez, JA Lidzbarski, MI AF Vazquez, Jorge A. Lidzbarski, Marsha I. TI High-resolution tephrochronology of the Wilson Creek Formation (Mono Lake, California) and Laschamp event using U-238-Th-230 SIMS dating of accessory mineral rims SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE U-238_Th-230; Allanite; SHRIMP; Mono Lake; Laschamp; Paleoclimate ID AR-40-AR-39 LASER PROBE; WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; OWENS LAKE; PALEOINTENSITY STACK; RESIDENCE TIMES; SIERRA-NEVADA; BISHOP TUFF; LONG VALLEY; NEW-ZEALAND; ROCK-FLOUR AB Sediments of the Wilson Creek Formation surrounding Mono Lake preserve a high-resolution archive of glacial and pluvial responses along the eastern Sierra Nevada due to late Pleistocene climate change. An absolute chronology for the Wilson Creek stratigraphy is critical for correlating the paleoclimate record to other archives in the western U.S. and the North Atlantic region. However, multiple attempts to date the Wilson Creek stratigraphy using carbonates and tephras yield discordant results due to open-system effects and radiocarbon reservoir uncertainties as well as abundant xenocrysts. New ion microprobe U-238-Th-230 dating of the final increments of crystallization recorded by allanite and zircon autocrysts from juvenile pyroclasts yield ages that effectively date eruption of key tephra beds and delimit the timing of basal Wilson Creek sedimentation to the interval between 26.8 +/- 2.1 and 61.7 +/- 1.9 ka. Tephra (Ash 15) erupted during the geomagnetic excursion originally designated the Mono Lake excursion yields an age of 40.8 +/- 1.9 ka, indicating that the event is instead the Laschamp excursion. The new ages support a depositional chronology from magnetostratigraphy that indicates quasi-synchronous glacial and hydrologic responses in the Sierra Nevada and Mono Basin to regional climate change, with intervals of lake filling and glacial-snowpack melting that are in phase with peaks in spring insolation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vazquez, Jorge A.; Lidzbarski, Marsha I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.; Lidzbarski, Marsha I.] Stanford Univ, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vazquez, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jvazquez@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 357 BP 54 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.09.013 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 058GH UT WOS:000312621600006 ER PT J AU Mooney, WD Ritsema, J Hwang, YK AF Mooney, Walter D. Ritsema, Jeroen Hwang, Yong Keun TI Crustal seismicity and the earthquake catalog maximum moment magnitude (M-cmax) in stable continental regions (SCRs): Correlation with the seismic velocity of the lithosphere SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE crustal seismicity; M-cmax; M-max; intraplate earthquakes; stable continental regions ID EFFECTIVE ELASTIC THICKNESS; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; CRATONIC LITHOSPHERE; UPPER-MANTLE; STRENGTH; MODEL; ZONE; EVOLUTION; RHEOLOGY; PALEOSEISMICITY AB A joint analysis of global seismicity and seismic tomography indicates that the seismic potential of continental intraplate regions is correlated with the seismic properties of the lithosphere. Archean and Early Proterozoic cratons with cold, stable continental lithospheric roots have fewer crustal earthquakes and a lower maximum earthquake catalog moment magnitude (M-cmax). The geographic distribution of thick lithospheric roots is inferred from the global seismic model S40RTS that displays shear-velocity perturbations (delta V-s) relative to the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). We compare delta V-s at a depth of 175 km with the locations and moment magnitudes (M-w) of intraplate earthquakes in the crust (Schulte and Mooney, 2005). Many intraplate earthquakes concentrate around the pronounced lateral gradients in lithospheric thickness that surround the cratons and few earthquakes occur within cratonic interiors. Globally, 27% of stable continental lithosphere is underlain by delta V-s >= 3.0%, yet only 6.5% of crustal earthquakes with M-w > 4.5 occur above these regions with thick lithosphere. No earthquakes in our catalog with M-w > 6 have occurred above mantle lithosphere with delta V-s > 3.5%, although such lithosphere comprises 19% of stable continental regions. Thus, for cratonic interiors with seismically determined thick lithosphere (1) there is a significant decrease in the number of crustal earthquakes, and (2) the maximum moment magnitude found in the earthquake catalog is M-cmax =6.0. We attribute these observations to higher lithospheric strength beneath cratonic interiors due to lower temperatures and dehydration in both the lower crust and the highly depleted lithospheric root. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mooney, Walter D.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ritsema, Jeroen; Hwang, Yong Keun] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0944167] FX Seismic catalog data are maintained by the USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Seismological data for the global shear-wave model S40RTS were obtained from the IRIS Data Management Center. JR is partially supported by NSF Grant EAR-0944167. The support of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is gratefully acknowledged. Reviews by J.C. Savage, A. McGarr, J.A. Jackson and an anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 357 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.032 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 058GH UT WOS:000312621600008 ER PT J AU Korfanta, NM Newmark, WD Kauffman, MJ AF Korfanta, Nicole M. Newmark, William D. Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Long-term demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation to a tropical understory bird community SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; biodiversity hotspot; deforestation; Eastern Arc; fragmentation; mark-recapture; population growth rate; recruitment; seniority; Tanzania; tropical; understory bird ID AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TERRESTRIAL INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; RAIN-FOREST; SURVIVAL RATES; MARKED ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; LOCAL EXTINCTION AB Tropical deforestation continues to cause population declines and local extinctions in centers of avian diversity and endemism. Although local species extinctions stem from reductions in demographic rates, little is known about how habitat fragmentation influences survival of tropical bird populations or the relative importance of survival and fecundity in ultimately shaping communities. We analyzed 22 years of mark-recapture data to assess how fragmentation influenced apparent survival, recruitment, and realized population growth rate within 22 forest understory bird species in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. This represents the first such effort, in either tropical or temperate systems, to characterize the effect of deforestation on avian survival across such a broad suite of species. Long-term demographic analysis of this suite of species experiencing the same fragmented environment revealed considerable variability in species' responses to fragmentation, in addition to general patterns that emerged from comparison among species. Across the understory bird community as a whole, we found significantly lower apparent survival and realized population growth rate in small fragments relative to large, demonstrating fragmentation effects to demographic rates long after habitat loss. Demographic rates were depressed across five feeding guilds, suggesting that fragmentation sensitivity was not limited to insectivores. Seniority analyses, together with a positive effect of fragmentation on recruitment, indicated that depressed apparent survival was the primary driver of population declines and observed extinctions. We also found a landscape effect, with lower vital rates in one mountain range relative to another, suggesting that fragmentation effects may add to other large-scale drivers of population decline. Overall, realized population growth rate (lambda) estimates were < 1 for most species, suggesting that future population persistence, even within large forest fragments, is uncertain in this biodiversity hotspot. C1 [Korfanta, Nicole M.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Newmark, William D.] Univ Utah, Nat Hist Museum Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Korfanta, NM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM korfanta@uwyo.edu FU Danish International Development Agency; Field Museum of Natural History; Chicago Zoological Society; Sophie Danforth Conservation Fund; National Geographic Society; Earthwatch Institute; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; University of Wyoming (UW) Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources; UW International Programs Office FX We thank the Danish International Development Agency, the Field Museum of Natural History, the Chicago Zoological Society, the Sophie Danforth Conservation Fund, the National Geographic Society, Earthwatch Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, the University of Wyoming (UW) Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, and the UW International Programs Office for support. The Amani Nature Reserve Authority, Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, and Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology provided permission to conduct this study, and we are grateful to V. Mkongewa, M. Munissi, A. Mkongewa, D. Munissi, B. Munissi, and C. Challenga for their assistance in the field. Valuable comments on the manuscript were provided by A. Chalfoun, D. Doak, D. Tinker, and H. Sawyer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 188 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 12 BP 2548 EP 2559 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062AW UT WOS:000312892500006 PM 23431586 ER PT J AU Reichert, BE Cattau, CE Fletcher, RJ Kendall, WL Kitchens, WM AF Reichert, Brian E. Cattau, Christopher E. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Kendall, William L. Kitchens, Wiley M. TI Extreme weather and experience influence reproduction in an endangered bird SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; cost of reproduction; drought; Florida Snail Kite; mark-recapture; multistate models; population viability; robust design; Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus; state uncertainty ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SNAIL KITE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURVIVAL; COSTS AB Extreme weather events, such as droughts and heat waves, are expected to become more severe and more frequent in the coming years, and understanding their impacts on demographic rates is of increasing interest to both evolutionary ecologists and conservation practitioners. An individual's breeding probability can be a sensitive indicator of the decision to initiate reproductive behavior under varying environmental conditions, has strong fitness consequences, and can be considered the first step in a life history trade-off between allocating resources for breeding activities or self-survival. Using a 14-year time series spanning large variation in climatic conditions and the entirety of a population's breeding range, we estimated the effects of extreme weather conditions (drought) on the state-specific probabilities of breeding and survival of an endangered bird, the Florida Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus). Our analysis accounted for uncertainty in breeding status assignment, a common source of uncertainty that is often ignored when states are based on field observations. Breeding probabilities in adult kites (> 1 year of age) decreased during droughts, whereas the probability of breeding in young kites (1 year of age) tended to increase. Individuals attempting to breed showed no evidence of reduced future survival. Although population viability analyses of this species and other species often implicitly assume that all adults will attempt to breed, we find that breeding probabilities were significantly < 1 for all 13 estimable years considered. Our results suggest that experience is an important factor determining whether or not individuals attempt to breed during harsh environmental conditions and that reproductive effort may be constrained by an individual's quality and/or despotic behavior among individuals attempting to breed. C1 [Reichert, Brian E.; Cattau, Christopher E.; Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Reichert, BE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM breich@ufl.edu OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; St. Johns River Water Management District; USGS FX We acknowledge all of those who helped collect and manage data over the years, especially Robert Bennetts and Victoria Dreitz, who also designed the monitoring study. Special thanks to Kyle Pias, Jean Olbert, Christa Zweig, Alisa Woofter, and Cooper Reichert for motivating discussion and support. Also, thanks to Zach Welch for his insightful comments and constructive feedback on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Johns River Water Management District, and the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 108 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 12 BP 2580 EP 2589 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062AW UT WOS:000312892500009 PM 23431589 ER PT J AU Bento-Goncalves, A Vieira, A Ubeda, X Martin, D AF Bento-Goncalves, Antonio Vieira, Antonio Ubeda, Xavier Martin, Deborah TI Fire and soils: Key concepts and recent advances SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Fire; Soil; Fire regimes; Fire effects on soil properties; Soil protection measures ID POSTFIRE REHABILITATION TREATMENTS; MEDITERRANEAN GORSE SHRUBLANDS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; BURN SEVERITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BOREAL FORESTS AB It is clear that, in some climates, fires are a natural phenomenon, they have occurred for millennia and plants have revealed the capacity to cope with them (Pausas et al., 2008). It is also known that wildland fires are a global phenomenon occurring in tropical, temperate and boreal regions (Gonzalez-Perez et al., 2004: Bowman et al., 2009). Fire regimes are being modified, responding to ongoing global changes and poor forest planning in terms of frequency, size, seasonality, recurrence and fire intensity and severity, with deleterious impacts on soil fertility and structure and important implications for forest management and sustainability (Bento-Goncalves et al., 2011). In the extensive research that exists on the effect of fire on ecosystems there is a growing interest and body of literature on the effects of fire on soil properties. This paper aims to review the latest developments regarding intrinsic characteristic; of fires, fire intensity and severity, wildland fires, prescribed fires, fire regimes and soil protection measures. (C) 2012 Elsevier E.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bento-Goncalves, Antonio; Vieira, Antonio] Univ Minho, CEGOT, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Ubeda, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Dept Phys Geog, GRAM, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Martin, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bento-Goncalves, A (reprint author), Univ Minho, CEGOT, Campus Azurem, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. EM bento@geografia.uminho.pt; vieira@geografia.uminho.pt; xubeda@ub.edu; damartin@usgs.gov RI Bento-Goncalves, Antonio/C-7088-2011; Vieira, Antonio/A-1607-2011 OI Bento-Goncalves, Antonio/0000-0002-9646-156X; Vieira, Antonio/0000-0001-6807-1153 NR 208 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 2012 VL 191 SI SI BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.004 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 054NB UT WOS:000312349400002 ER PT J AU Pereira, P Ubeda, X Martin, DA AF Pereira, Paulo Ubeda, Xavier Martin, Deborah A. TI Fire severity effects on ash chemical composition and water-extractable elements SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Ash properties; Fire severity; Ash colour; Landscape recovery; Ash chemical properties; Water-extractable elements ID OAK QUERCUS-SUBER; WOOD-ASH; FOREST SOIL; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; METAL SORPTION; SIERRA-NEVADA; BURN SEVERITY; PLANT ASH; FLY-ASH AB The effects of fire in the landscape are commonly assessed through the evaluation of ash properties. Among other properties, colour is one of the methods more frequently used. However, little is known about the effect of fire severity on ash chemical and extractable elements. Ash is an important source of nutrients in terms of landscape recovery after fire. In this study we analysed the effects of fire severity (estimated using ash colour) on ash chemical properties, CaCO3, pH, Total Carbon (TC). Total Nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio and some ash water-extractable elements, such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Total Phosphorous (TP), Total Sulphur (TS) and Silica (Si) collected in Portugal (N=102) after three wildfires that occurred in the same ecosystem, composed mainly of maritime pine, Pinus pinastes and cork oak. Quercus suber. The results showed significant statistical differences among ash colour at a p<0.05 for ash water-extractable K and Si, at a p<0.01 for ash water-extractable Ca, Mg, Na and TS, and the major differences were observed (at a p<0.001) for ash CaCO3, pH, TC, TN, C/N ratio and water-extractable TP. Ash CaCO3, pH and water-extractable TS increased with fire severity and ash TC, TN, C/N ratio and water-extractable TP showed a decrease. In the remaining elements, no trend is identified. Major concentrations of ash TC, TN, C/N ratio and water-extractable Ca, Mg and K were identified in very dark brown and black ash. CaCO3. pH and water-extractable TS were identified in higher quantities in light grey ash. These findings show that fire severity is an important determinant of the type and amount of water-extractable nutrients present in ash that later can be incorporated into the soil and become available for plant growth. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pereira, Paulo] Mykolas Romeris Univ Vilnius, Dept Environm Policy, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Ubeda, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, GRAM Mediterranean Environm Res Grp, Dept Phys Geog & Reg Geog Anal, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pereira, P (reprint author), Mykolas Romeris Univ Vilnius, Dept Environm Policy, Ateities St 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM pereiraub@gmail.com; xubeda@gmail.com; damartin@usgs.gov RI Pereira, Paulo/O-1845-2016 OI Pereira, Paulo/0000-0003-0227-2010 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2006-11107-C02-02/BOS]; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Funds; FUEGORED (Spanish Network of Forest Fire Effects on Soils); Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya; Lithuanian Scientific Research Council [MIP-11387] FX This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, project: CGL2006-11107-C02-02/BOS "Evaluation of the quality of Mediterranean soils affected by fire in a middle and large term" and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Funds, FUEGORED (Spanish Network of Forest Fire Effects on Soils http:// grupo.us.es/fuegored/) and to Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya. The first author acknowledges the support of the Lithuanian Scientific Research Council, project: "Fire impacts in Lithuanian soils and ecosystems", contract: Nr. MIP-11387. We are also thankful to Serveis Cientifico-Tecnics from the University of Barcelona. NR 96 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 2012 VL 191 SI SI BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 054NB UT WOS:000312349400013 ER PT J AU Bai, YQ Di, LP Nebert, DD Chen, A Wei, YX Cheng, XN Shao, YZ Shen, DY Shrestha, R Wang, HL AF Bai, Yuqi Di, Liping Nebert, Douglas D. Chen, Aijun Wei, Yaxing Cheng, Xuanang Shao, Yuanzheng Shen, Dayong Shrestha, Ranjay Wang, Huilin TI GEOSS Component and Service Registry: Design, Implementation and Lessons Learned SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Component and service registry; Earth observation resources; Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS); metadata AB Petabytes of Earth science data have been accumulated through space-and air-borne Earth observation programs during the last several decades. The data are valuable both scientifically and socioeconomically. The value of these data could be further increased significantly if the data from these programs can be easily discovered, accessed, integrated, and analyzed. The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is addressing this need. In particular, the GEOSS Component and Service Registry maintains the descriptive information about available Earth Observation resources that are self-nominated by providers. This registry provides the following capabilities for data providers: user registration, resource registration, and service interface registration. It enables data users to discover these resources through the dedicated graphical user interfaces. It also exposes machine-to-machine interfaces to other GEOSS core components. The captured functional requirements, system design and implementation details of this registry are introduced in this paper, followed by the analysis of the registered resources and the system accessing information. The discussion on the strengths of this registry, the limitations in its current form, and the lessons learned from the system maintenance and upgrade over the last five years may be useful to others building a centralized managed resource catalog to enable a large-scale integrated system following a system-of-systems approach. C1 [Bai, Yuqi; Di, Liping; Chen, Aijun; Wei, Yaxing; Cheng, Xuanang; Shao, Yuanzheng; Shen, Dayong; Shrestha, Ranjay; Wang, Huilin] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Nebert, Douglas D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bai, YQ (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yuqibai@gmail.com; ldi@gmu.edu; ddnebert@usgs.gov; aijun.chen@gmail.com; weiy@ornl.gov; chengxa@esrichina.com.cn; yshao3@gmu.edu; dshen@ncche.olemiss.edu; rshresth@masonlive.gmu.edu; whuilin@gmu.edu RI Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013 OI Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078 FU U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee [G10AC00284] FX The work was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (Grant G10AC00284, PI: Prof. Liping Di). NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 SI SI BP 1678 EP 1686 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2215914 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 063OL UT WOS:000313009300011 ER PT J AU Blodgett, D Booth, N Kunicki, T Walker, J Lucido, J AF Blodgett, David Booth, Nathaniel Kunicki, Tom Walker, Jordan Lucido, Jessica TI Description of the U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal Data Integration Framework SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Distributed computing; open source software; software standards; standards; web services AB The U.S. Geological Survey has developed an open-standard data integration framework for working efficiently and effectively with large collections of climate and other geoscience data. A web interface accesses catalog datasets to find data services. Data resources can then be rendered for mapping and dataset metadata are derived directly from these web services. Algorithm configuration and information needed to retrieve data for processing are passed to a server where all large-volume data access and manipulation takes place. The data integration strategy described here was implemented by leveraging existing free and open source software. Details of the software used are omitted; rather, emphasis is placed on how open-standard web services and data encodings can be used in an architecture that integrates common geographic and atmospheric data. C1 [Blodgett, David; Booth, Nathaniel; Kunicki, Tom; Walker, Jordan; Lucido, Jessica] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Blodgett, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dblod-gett@usgs.gov RI Lucido, Jessica/G-1928-2015 OI Lucido, Jessica/0000-0003-2249-4796 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 SI SI BP 1687 EP 1691 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2196759 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 063OL UT WOS:000313009300012 ER PT J AU Olsson, AD Betancourt, JL Crimmins, MA Marsh, SE AF Olsson, A. D. Betancourt, J. L. Crimmins, M. A. Marsh, S. E. TI Constancy of local spread rates for buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare L.) in the Arizona Upland of the Sonoran Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aerial photography; Chronosequence; Climate variability; Logistic growth; Monsoon; Phalanx; Spread rate ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICA; INVASION; DYNAMICS; TRANSFORMATION; VARIABILITY; MADRITENSIS; GRASSLANDS; MANAGEMENT; PULSES AB In North American deserts, grass invasions threaten native vegetation via competition and altered fire regimes. Accurate prediction and successful mitigation of these invasions hinge on estimation of spread rates and their degree of constancy in time and space. We used high-resolution aerial photographs from 11 sites in the Santa Catalina Mountains, southern Arizona to reconstruct the spread of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare), a C-4 perennial bunchgrass, since 1980. The total area infested was fit to a logistic model and residuals of the model were compared to climatic factors of the corresponding and lagged time periods. Infestations grew from small colonizing patches in the 1980s to 66 ha in 2008, doubling every 2.26-7.04 years since 1988. Although buffelgrass germination, establishment and distribution are favored by wet summers and warm winters, climate variables did not predict spread rates. Buffelgrass has grown at a constant rate, at least since 1988, when much of its expansion took place. In the study area, minimum requirements are met almost every year for germination and reproduction, establishing a consistent baseline for spread that manifests as a constant spread rate. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olsson, A. D.] No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Coll Engn Forestry & Nat Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Betancourt, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Crimmins, M. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marsh, S. E.] Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Olsson, AD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Coll Engn Forestry & Nat Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Aaryn.Olsson@nau.edu; jlbetanc@usgs.gov; crimmins@email.arizona.edu; smarsh@email.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation CI-TEAM grant [0753336]; USDA Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management (PREISM) grant [58-7000-6-0083] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation CI-TEAM grant 0753336 and USDA Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management (PREISM) grant 58-7000-6-0083. Pima Association of Governments and the Arizona Regional Image Archive freely provided historical images. The image archive provided by Cooper Aerial Photography was invaluable and we appreciate their generosity in allowing use of their imagery at reduced cost. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 87 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.06.005 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059EK UT WOS:000312687000017 ER PT J AU Pepin, KM VanDalen, KK Mooers, NL Ellis, JW Sullivan, HJ Root, JJ Webb, CT Franklin, AB Shriner, SA AF Pepin, K. M. VanDalen, K. K. Mooers, N. L. Ellis, J. W. Sullivan, H. J. Root, J. J. Webb, C. T. Franklin, A. B. Shriner, S. A. TI Quantification of heterosubtypic immunity between avian influenza subtypes H3N8 and H4N6 in multiple avian host species SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; WILD BIRDS; A VIRUSES; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; INFECTION; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; EVOLUTION; CHICKENS; ECOLOGY AB Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) can lead to epizootics that cause economic losses in poultry or the emergence of human-infectious strains. LPAIVs experience a complex immunity landscape as they are endemic in numerous host species, and many antigenically distinct strains co-circulate. Prevention and control of emergence of detrimental strains requires an understanding of infection/transmission characteristics of the various subtypes in different hosts, including interactions between subtypes. In order to develop analytical frameworks for examining control efficacy, quantification of heterosubtypic immunity interactions is fundamental. However, these data are scarce, especially for wild avian subtypes in natural hosts. Consequently, in this study, three host species (mallards, quail and pheasants) were infected with two LPAIV subtypes isolated from wild birds: H3N8 and H4N6. The recovered hosts were also reinfected with the alternate subtype to measure the effects of heterosubtypic immunity. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected and viral RNA load was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. For secondary infections in recovered hosts, peak viral load was up to four orders of magnitude lower and shedding length was up to 4 days shorter. However, both the magnitude and presence of heterosubtypic immunity varied across specific host species/subtype combinations. Using a mathematical model of virus replication, the variation in virus replication dynamics due to host individuals was quantified. It was found that accounting for individual heterogeneity is important for drawing accurate conclusions about treatment effects. These results are relevant for developing epidemiological models to inform control practices and for analysing virus replication data. C1 [VanDalen, K. K.; Mooers, N. L.; Ellis, J. W.; Sullivan, H. J.; Root, J. J.; Franklin, A. B.; Shriner, S. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Pepin, K. M.] Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pepin, K. M.; Webb, C. T.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shriner, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM susan.a.shriner@aphis.usda.gov OI Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182; Ellis, Jeremy/0000-0003-4512-0906 FU RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate; US Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, NIH FX Thanks to Helen Sofaer for helpful discussion and sharing the code for the non-linear mixed modelling methods in R. Thanks also to Nick Thomas, Darcy Orahood and Alexis Freifeld for laboratory assistance, Daniel N. Gossett and the National Wildlife Research Center Animal Care Staff for animal husbandry, and Dr Gordon R. Gathright for veterinary support. K. M. P and C. T. W were supported by the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center, NIH. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 BP 2575 EP 2583 DI 10.1099/vir.0.045427-0 PN 12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 063UM UT WOS:000313027500005 PM 22956733 ER PT J AU Morse, MS Lu, N Godt, JW Revil, A Coe, JA AF Morse, Michael S. Lu, Ning Godt, Jonathan W. Revil, Andre Coe, Jeffrey A. TI Comparison of Soil Thickness in a Zero-Order Basin in the Oregon Coast Range Using a Soil Probe and Electrical Resistivity Tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Direct current resistivity; Soil thickness; Slope stability; Unsaturated soils; Site characterization ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; CONDUCTIVITY; STEEP; GEOMORPHOLOGY; STABILITY; INVERSION; CHANNELS; VALLEY; SANDS AB Accurate estimation of the soil thickness distribution in steepland drainage basins is essential for understanding ecosystem and subsurface response to infiltration. One important aspect of this characterization is assessing the heavy and antecedent rainfall conditions that lead to shallow landsliding. In this paper, we investigate the direct current (DC) resistivity method as a tool for quickly estimating soil thickness over a steep (33-40 degrees) zero-order basin in the Oregon Coast Range, a landslide prone region. Point measurements throughout the basin showed bedrock depths between 0.55 and 3.2 m. Resistivity of soil and bedrock samples collected from the site was measured for degrees of saturation between 40 and 92%. Resistivity of the soil was typically higher than that of the bedrock for degrees of saturation lower than 70%. Results from the laboratory measurements and point-depth measurements were used in a numerical model to evaluate the resistivity contrast at the soil-bedrock interface. A decreasing-with-depth resistivity contrast was apparent at the interface in the modeling results. At the field site, three transects were surveyed where coincident ground truth measurements of bedrock depth were available, to test the accuracy of the method. The same decreasing-with-depth resistivity trend that was apparent in the model was also present in the survey data. The resistivity contour of between 1,000 and 2,000 Omega m that marked the top of the contrast was our interpreted bedrock depth in the survey data. Kriged depth-to-bedrock maps were created from both the field-measured ground truth obtained with a soil probe and interpreted depths from the resistivity tomography, and these were compared for accuracy graphically. Depths were interpolated as far as 16.5 m laterally from the resistivity survey lines with root mean squared error (RMSE) = 527 cm between the measured and interpreted depth at those locations. Using several transects and analysis of the subsurface material properties, the direct current (DC) resistivity method is shown to be able to delineate bedrock depth trends within the drainage basin. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000717. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.; Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Revil, Andre] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, Andre] Univ Savoie, CNRS, Inst Sci Terre, UMR 5275, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mmorse@mines.edu; ninglu@mines.edu; jgodt@usgs.gov; arevil@mines.edu; jcoe@usgs.gov OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU U.S. Dept. of Education [P200A060133-08]; National Science Foundation [NSF-CMMI-0855783]; Colorado School of Mines FX This work was partially funded by a grant from the U.S. Dept. of Education (P200A060133-08) and a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF-CMMI-0855783) to N. Lu and a fellowship from the Hydrologic Science and Engineering program at Colorado School of Mines to M. S. Morse. Greg Kreimeyer, Jim Young, and John Seward of the Oregon Department of Forestry granted access to the field site in the Elliott State Forest. Brian Passerella, Damien Jougnot, Murat Kaya, and Basak Sener-Kaya of the Colorado School of Mines Department of Engineering, and Rex Baum and Andrew Ashlock of the U.S. Geological Survey provided support in the laboratory and in the field. Kevin Schmidt and William Stephenson, USGS, provided constructive reviews that strengthened the paper. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 138 IS 12 BP 1470 EP 1482 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000717 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 059KW UT WOS:000312705100004 ER PT J AU Robbins, CT Lopez-Alfaro, C Rode, KD Toien, O Nelson, OL AF Robbins, Charles T. Lopez-Alfaro, Claudia Rode, Karyn D. Toien, Oivind Nelson, O. Lynne TI Hibernation and seasonal fasting in bears: the energetic costs and consequences for polar bears SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bear; black bear; brown bear; fasting; hibernation; polar bear ID SIMULATED DENNING CONDITIONS; MARITIMUS SUMMER DIETS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ICE-FREE PERIOD; URSUS-MARITIMUS; SEA-ICE; BODY-COMPOSITION; BLACK BEARS; BEAUFORT SEA; METABOLIC SUPPRESSION AB Global warming has the potential to reduce arctic sea ice and thereby increase the length of summer fall fasting when polar bears (Ursus maritimus) lose access to most marine mammals. To evaluate the consequences of such changes, we compared the cost of fasting by polar bears with hibernation by brown bears (U. arctos), American black bears (U. americanus), and polar bears and made projections about tissue reserves polar bears will need to survive and reproduce as fasts become longer. Hibernating polar bears expend energy at the same rate per unit mass as do brown bears and black bears. However, daily mass losses, energy expenditures, and the losses of lean mass are much higher in fasting, active polar bears than in hibernating bears. The average pregnant polar bear living around Hudson Bay during the 1980s and 1990s could fast for 10.0 +/- 2.3 months ((X) over bar +/- SD), and the average lactating female with cubs born during the preceding winter could fast for 4.2 +/- 1.9 months. Thus, some pregnant or lactating females with lower levels of body fat content were already approaching or beyond the constraint of being able to produce cubs and survive the required 8 months of fasting if producing new offspring or 4 months if accompanied by older offspring. Pregnant or lactating females and their dependent offspring have the most tenuous future as global warming occurs. Thus, we predict a significant reduction in productivity with even modest increases in global warming for polar bears living in the very southern part of their range and are concerned about more northern populations depending on their ability to accumulate increasing amounts of fat. C1 [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lopez-Alfaro, Claudia] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Toien, Oivind] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Robbins, CT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ctrobbins@wsu.edu OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Raili Korkka Brown Bear Endowment; Bear Research and Conservation Endowment; Nutritional Ecology Endowment at Washington State University; United States Army Medical Research and Material Command award [W81XWH0920134] FX Funding was provided by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Raili Korkka Brown Bear Endowment, Bear Research and Conservation Endowment, and Nutritional Ecology Endowment at Washington State University, and the United States Army Medical Research and Material Command award W81XWH0920134. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 26 U2 373 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1493 EP 1503 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-406.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 059BE UT WOS:000312678600008 ER PT J AU Tucker, KP Hunter, ME Bonde, RK Austin, JD Clark, AM Beck, CA McGuire, PM Oli, MK AF Tucker, Kimberly Pause Hunter, Margaret E. Bonde, Robert K. Austin, James D. Clark, Ann Marie Beck, Cathy A. McGuire, Peter M. Oli, Madan K. TI Low genetic diversity and minimal population substructure in the endangered Florida manatee: implications for conservation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; conservation genetics; effective population size (N-e); genetic diversity; microsatellites; population differentiation; Trichechus manatus latirostris ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; WARM-WATER REFUGES; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SIZE; LATIROSTRIS; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION AB Species of management concern that have been affected by human activities typically are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can adversely affect their ability to adapt to environmental changes. We used 18 microsatellite markers to genotype 362 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and investigated genetic diversity, population structure, and estimated genetically effective population size (Ne). The observed and expected heterozygosity and average number of alleles were 0.455 +/- 0.04, 0.479 +/- 0.04, and 4.77 +/- 0.51, respectively. All measures of Florida manatee genetic diversity were less than averages reported for placental mammals, including fragmented or nonideal populations. Overall estimates of differentiation were low, though significantly greater than zero, and analysis of molecular variance revealed that over 95% of the total variance was among individuals within predefined management units or among individuals along the coastal subpopulations, with only minor portions of variance explained by between group variance. Although genetic issues, as inferred by neutral genetic markers, appear not to be critical at present, the Florida manatee continues to face demographic challenges due to anthropogenic activities and stochastic factors such as red tides, oil spills, and disease outbreaks; these can further reduce genetic diversity of the manatee population. C1 [Austin, James D.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tucker, Kimberly Pause] Stevenson Univ, Dept Biol, Stevenson, MD 21153 USA. [Hunter, Margaret E.; Bonde, Robert K.; Beck, Cathy A.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [McGuire, Peter M.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Clark, Ann Marie] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Genet Anal Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Oli, MK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM olim@ufl.edu OI Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620; Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU USGS; University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine Aquatic Animal Health Program FX This study was conducted under the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Permit (MA791721), issued to the USGS, Sirenia Project. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS and the University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine Aquatic Animal Health Program. All genetic samples were provided by the USGS, Sirenia Project. We are grateful to C. Nourisson for the TmaH23 primer sequence, P. Palsbll and C. Langtimm for many thoughtful comments on the manuscript, T. King for helpful advice with the data analyses, T. Floyd for assistance with geographic information system software, and F. Bouchard for assistance with DNA isolations. We thank M. Jane Hubisz for her insight on our Structure results and the Genetic Analysis Facility at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) for processing the microsatellite fragment data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 170 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1511 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-048.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 059BE UT WOS:000312678600009 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Jay, CV Fischbach, AS Sage, GK Talbot, SL AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Jay, Chadwick V. Fischbach, Anthony S. Sage, George K. Talbot, Sandra L. TI Spatial genetic structure and asymmetrical gene flow within the Pacific walrus SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE gene flow; genetic structure; Odobenus rosmarus; Pacific walrus ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; HOST-PARASITE SYSTEMS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MICROSATELLITE VARIATION; COALESCENT APPROACH AB Pacific walruses (Odohenus rosmarus divergens) occupying shelf waters of Pacific Arctic seas migrate during spring and summer from 3 breeding areas in the Bering Sea to form sexually segregated nonbreeding aggregations. We assessed genetic relationships among 2 putative breeding populations and 6 nonbreeding aggregations. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence data suggest that males are distinct among breeding populations (Phi(ST) = 0.051), and between the eastern Chukchi and other nonbreeding aggregations (Phi(ST) = 0.336-0.449). Nonbreeding female aggregations were genetically distinct across marker types (microsatellite F-ST = 0.019; mtDNA Phi(ST) = 0.313), as was eastern Chukchi and all other nonbreeding aggregations (microsatellite F-ST = 0.019-0.035; mtDNA Phi(ST) = 0.386-0.389). Gene flow estimates are asymmetrical from St. Lawrence Island into the southeastern Bering breeding population for both sexes. Partitioning of haplotype frequencies among breeding populations suggests that individuals exhibit some degree of philopatry, although weak. High levels of genetic differentiation among eastern Chukchi and all other nonbreeding aggregations, but considerably lower genetic differentiation between breeding populations, suggest that at least I genetically distinct breeding population remained unsampled. Limited genetic structure at microsatellite loci between assayed breeding areas can emerge from several processes, including male-mediated gene flow, or population admixture following a decrease in census size (i.e., due to commercial harvest during 1880-1950s) and subsequent recovery. Nevertheless, high levels of genetic diversity in the Pacific walrus, which withstood prolonged decreases in census numbers with little impact on neutral genetic diversity, may reflect resiliency in the face of past environmental challenges. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony S.; Sage, George K.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX This research was funded by the United States Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Some samples were provided by the University of Alaska Museum. International transport of tooth samples was accomplished under United States Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Management Authority permit MA801652-3. Research was conducted under institutional animal care and use committee approval (approval 06SOP06). We thank the scientific staff and crew for sample collections during cruises aboard the USCG Healy, RN Magadan, RN Stimson, and RN Zaslonovo; wildlife biologists, harvest monitors, and local subsistence hunters for sample collections near Barrow, Alaska, and near Enmelen, Enurmino, Inchoun, Lorino, Meechkyn Spit, Novo Chaplino, and Yanrakynot, Chukotka; personnel from United States Fish and Wildlife Service Togiak National Wildlife Refuge for assistance and the collection of samples near Cape Pierce, Alaska; and D. Tessler, A. Ramey, B. Guzzetti, and J. Jackson for assistance in the laboratory. Technological support was provided by Shawn Houston, University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (National Institutes of Health P20RR016466). The manuscript was improved by comments from J. Garlich-Miller, United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and 2 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the United States Government. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 42 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1512 EP 1524 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-344.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 059BE UT WOS:000312678600010 ER PT J AU Sherrod, DR Champion, DE McGeehin, JP AF Sherrod, David R. Champion, Duane E. McGeehin, John P. TI Age and duration of volcanic activity at Diamond Craters, southeastern Oregon SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Basaltic volcanism; Holocene; Radiocarbon; High Lava Plains; Harney County ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SECULAR VARIATION; RADIOCARBON; CALIBRATION; RECORD; LAKE AB Diamond Craters, one of several young basalt lava fields dotted across southeastern Oregon, was active in the time between about 7320 and 7790 years ago (calibrated ages). This timing is determined by a two-step analysis. First, new radiocarbon ages from samples that underlie the lava field and existing ages from overlying deposits constrain the volcanic activity to between 6130 and 7790 years ago. Second, paleomagnetic directions, specifically a steep inclination of about 71 degrees, further constrain the age of emplacement to the older part of that interval, the time before 7320 years ago. Paleomagnetic directions for lava emplaced early and late in the eruptive activity are essentially the same. The duration of Diamond Craters eruptive activity must have been at least 1-2 decades in order to account for the extrusion of 1.6 km(3) of dense rock-equivalent magma at rates typical of long-lived basaltic eruptions. Whether the duration was only that brief or persisted to a century or more is irresolvable from paleomagnetic directions, although the coincidence of directions from beginning to end is evidence that the eruption certainly was not protracted over many centuries. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sherrod, David R.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Champion, Duane E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sherrod, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dsherrod@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 247 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08.008 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 056IA UT WOS:000312480400010 ER PT J AU Docherty, DE Franson, JC Brannian, RE Long, RR Radi, CA Krueger, D Johnson, RF AF Docherty, Douglas E. Franson, J. Christian Brannian, Roger E. Long, Renee R. Radi, Craig A. Krueger, David Johnson, Robert F., Jr. TI AVIAN BOTULISM AND AVIAN CHLAMYDIOSIS IN WILD WATER BIRDS, BENTON LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, MONTANA, USA SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Avian botulism; avian chlamydiosis; mortality; water birds ID PSITTACI; EMPHASIS AB In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, conducted a diagnostic investigation into a water bird mortality event involving intoxication with avian botulism type C and infection with avian chlamydiosis at the Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Montana, USA. Of 24 carcasses necropsied, 11 had lesions consistent with avian chlamydiosis, including two that tested positive for infectious Chlamydophila psittaci, and 12 were positive for avian botulism type C. One bird tested positive for both avian botulism type C and C. psittaci. Of 61 apparently healthy water birds sampled and released, 13 had serologic evidence of C. psittaci infection and 7 were, at the time of capture, shedding infectious C. psittaci via the cloacal or oropharyngeal route. Since more routinely diagnosed disease conditions may mask avian chlamydiosis, these findings support the need for a comprehensive diagnostic investigation when determining the cause of a wildlife mortality event. C1 [Docherty, Douglas E.; Franson, J. Christian; Brannian, Roger E.; Long, Renee R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Radi, Craig A.; Krueger, David] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Robert F., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Benton Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Great Falls, MT 59404 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jfranson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center FX B. Berlowski, K. Converse, L. Creekmore, D. Finley, J. Everett, L. Glaser, C. Hedlund, M. Lucas, S. Martin, and S. McCollum provided field and technical support. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center. H. Ip and K. Kurth provided comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 885 EP 888 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 059AJ UT WOS:000312676500025 PM 23272358 ER PT J AU Loftin, CS Calhoun, AJK Nelson, SJ Elskus, AA Simon, K AF Loftin, Cynthia S. Calhoun, Aram J. K. Nelson, Sarah J. Elskus, Adria A. Simon, Kevin TI Mercury Bioaccumulation in Wood Frogs Developing in Seasonal Pools SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; ORGANIC-CARBON; AMPHIBIAN LARVAE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; USA; MAINE; DEPOSITION AB Seasonal woodland pools contribute significant biomass to terrestrial eco-systems through production of pool-breeding amphibians. The movement of amphibian metamorphs potentially transports toxins bioaccumulated during larval development in the natal pool into the surrounding terrestrial environment. We documented total mercury (THg) in seasonal woodland pool water, sediment, litter, and Lithobates sylvaticus LeConte (Wood Frog) in Acadia National Park, ME. THg concentrations in pool water varied over the study season, increasing during April-June and remaining high in 2 of 4 pools upon October refill. Water in pools surrounded by softwoods had lower pH, greater dissolved organic carbon, and greater THg concentrations than pools surrounded by hardwoods, with seasonal patterns in sediment THg but not litter THg. THg increased rapidly from near or below detection in 1-2 week old embryos (< 0.2 ng; 0-0.49 ppb wet weight) to 17.1-54.2 ppb in tadpoles within 6 weeks; 7.2-42.0% of THg was methyl Hg in tadpoles near metamorphosis. Metamorphs emigrating from seasonal pools may transfer mercury into terrestrial food webs. C1 [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nelson, Sarah J.] Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Elskus, Adria A.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab,Maine Field Off, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Simon, Kevin] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Loftin, CS (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM cynthia.loftin@maine.edu FU University of Maine; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; US Geological Survey S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Maine Field Office; US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Schoodic Education and Research Center Institute FX We wish to thank B. Connery, D. Manski, and Acadia National Park for permission to conduct this research and access study sites. C. Devoy provided guidance for sample collection and assistance with sample analysis. This research was financially supported by the University of Maine, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, the US Geological Survey S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Maine Field Office, and the US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. A Fitz Eugene Dixon Fellowship through the Schoodic Education and Research Center Institute provided support for S. Nelson. Mention of trademarks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US government. This research was conducted under protocol (A2008-0302) approved by the University of Maine's Animal Care and Use Committee. The manuscript was improved by reviews and suggestions from A. Amirbahman, R. Baldwin, and two anonymous reviewers. This is University of Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3299. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 45 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 579 EP 600 DI 10.1656/045.019.0404 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063HF UT WOS:000312986100004 ER PT J AU Gomez, MC Biancardi, MN Jenkins, JA Dumas, C Galiguis, J Wang, G Pope, CE AF Gomez, M. C. Biancardi, M. N. Jenkins, J. A. Dumas, C. Galiguis, J. Wang, G. Pope, C. Earle TI Scriptaid and 5-aza-2 ' deoxycytidine Enhanced Expression of Pluripotent Genes and in vitro Developmental Competence in Interspecies Black-Footed Cat Cloned Embryos SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; BOVINE EMBRYOS; DONOR CELLS; TRICHOSTATIN; 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE; PATTERN; NANOG AB Contents Somatic cell nuclear transfer offers the possibility of preserving endangered species including the black-footed cat, which is threatened with extinction. The effectiveness and efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on a variety of factors, but inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming of the transplanted nucleus is the primary cause of the developmental failure of cloned embryos. Abnormal epigenetic events such as DNA methylation and histone modifications during SCNT perturb the expression of imprinted and pluripotent-related genes that, consequently, may result in foetal and neonatal abnormalities. We have demonstrated that pregnancies can be established after transfer of black-footed cat cloned embryos into domestic cat recipients, but none of the implanted embryos developed to term and the foetal failure has been associated to aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos. There is growing evidence that modifying the epigenetic pattern of the chromatin template of both donor cells and reconstructed embryos with a combination of inhibitors of histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases results in enhanced gene reactivation and improved in vitro and in vivo developmental competence. Epigenetic modifications of the chromatin template of black-footed cat donor cells and reconstructed embryos with epigenetic-modifying compounds enhanced in vitro development, and regulated the expression of pluripotent genes, but these epigenetic modifications did not improve in vivo developmental competence. C1 [Gomez, M. C.; Biancardi, M. N.; Dumas, C.; Galiguis, J.; Pope, C. Earle] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Wang, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Gomez, MC (reprint author), Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, 14001 River Rd, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. EM mgomez@auduboninstitute.org NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 47 SU 6 SI SI BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1111/rda.12027 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 061ZH UT WOS:000312888300029 PM 23279482 ER PT J AU Poulton, BC Allert, AL AF Poulton, B. C. Allert, A. L. TI AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIVE QUALITY OF DIKE POOLS FOR BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE dike pools; macroinvertebrates; Missouri River; water quality ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MIDCONTINENT GREAT RIVERS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PALLID STURGEON; NAVIGATION POOLS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; MAIN-CHANNEL AB A habitat-based aquatic macroinvertebrate study was initiated in the Lower Missouri River to evaluate relative quality and biological condition of dike pool habitats. Water-quality and sediment-quality parameters and macroinvertebrate assemblage structure were measured from depositional substrates at 18 sites. Sediment porewater was analysed for ammonia, sulphide, pH and oxidationreduction potential. Whole sediments were analysed for particle-size distribution, organic carbon and contaminants. Field water-quality parameters were measured at subsurface and at the sedimentwater interface. Pool area adjacent and downstream from each dike was estimated from aerial photography. Macroinvertebrate biotic condition scores were determined by integrating the following indicator response metrics: % of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), % of Oligochaeta worms, Shannon Diversity Index and total taxa richness. Regression models were developed for predicting macroinvertebrate scores based on individual water-quality and sediment-quality variables and a water/sediment-quality score that integrated all variables. Macroinvertebrate scores generated significant determination coefficients with dike pool area (R2?=?0.56), oxidationreduction potential (R2?=?0.81) and water/sediment-quality score (R2?=?0.71). Dissolved oxygen saturation, oxidationreduction potential and total ammonia in sediment porewater were most important in explaining variation in macroinvertebrate scores. The best two-variable regression models included dike pool size?+?the water/sediment-quality score (R2?=?0.84) and dike pool size?+?oxidationreduction potential (R2?=?0.93). Results indicate that dike pool size and chemistry of sediments and overlying water can be used to evaluate dike pool quality and identify environmental conditions necessary for optimizing diversity and productivity of important aquatic macroinvertebrates. A combination of these variables could be utilized for measuring the success of habitat enhancement activities currently being implemented in this system. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Poulton, B. C.; Allert, A. L.] USGS, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Poulton, BC (reprint author), USGS, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM bpoulton@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (Region 7) [CP98709101] FX We thank the following individuals for help with field and laboratory work, manuscript preparation and review of this document: C. Boldt, E. Brunson, S. Carr. A. George, D. Gullic, D. Hardesty, C. Ivey, R. Jacobson, S. James, L. Johnson, N. Kemble, J. Kunz, T. May, R. Niemeyer, B. Nodine, S. Olson, A. Pestka, C. Ridenour, R. Sarver, L. Sappington, D. Simpkins, A. Smith, D. Stoppler, M. Tanner, C. Vishy, C. Wakefield, D. Whites, C. Witte and R. Wright. This study was supported by funding from the US Environmental Protection Agency (Region 7) as part of Water Quality Cooperative Agreement grant (104b) # CP98709101 issued to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Use of proprietary names in this document cannot be considered an endorsement by the U.S. Department of the Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 147 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1658 EP 1679 DI 10.1002/rra.1558 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 058RI UT WOS:000312651000006 ER PT J AU Schloesser, JT Paukert, CP Doyle, WJ Hill, TD Steffensene, KD Travnichek, VH AF Schloesser, J. T. Paukert, C. P. Doyle, W. J. Hill, T. D. Steffensene, K. D. Travnichek, V. H. TI FISH ASSEMBLAGES AT ENGINEERED AND NATURAL CHANNEL STRUCTURES IN THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER: IMPLICATIONS FOR MODIFIED DIKE STRUCTURES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Missouri River; dike; notching; fish community; riverine fishes ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; NAVIGABLE RIVER; LARVAL FISH; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE; GRADIENT AB Large rivers throughout the world have been modified by using dike structures to divert water flows to deepwater habitats to maintain navigation channels. These modifications have been implicated in the decline in habitat diversity and native fishes. However, dike structures have been modified in the Missouri River USA to increase habitat diversity to aid in the recovery of native fishes. We compared species occupancy and fish community composition at natural sandbars and at notched and un-notched rock dikes along the lower Missouri River to determine if notching dikes increases species diversity or occupancy of native fishes. Fish were collected using gill nets, trammel nets, otter trawls, and mini fyke nets throughout the lower 1212 river km of the Missouri River USA from 2003 to 2006. Few differences in species richness and diversity were evident among engineered dike structures and natural sandbars. Notching a dike structure had no effect on proportional abundance of fluvial dependents, fluvial specialists, and macrohabitat generalists. Occupancy at notched dikes increased for two species but did not differ for 17 other species (81%). Our results suggest that dike structures may provide suitable habitats for fluvial species compared with channel sand bars, but dike notching did not increase abundance or occupancy of most Missouri River fishes. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Paukert, C. P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Res Unit,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schloesser, J. T.; Paukert, C. P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Schloesser, J. T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Ashland, WI USA. [Doyle, W. J.; Hill, T. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Columbia, MO USA. [Steffensene, K. D.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE USA. [Travnichek, V. H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, St Joseph, MO USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Res Unit,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM paukertc@missouri.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey-Science Support Partnership; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX The U.S. Geological Survey-Science Support Partnership and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers funded the project. Mark Drobish (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) coordinated field activities through the Pallid Sturgeon Population Monitoring and Assessment Program. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and Missouri Department of Conservation conducted the field collections. This manuscript benefited from comment by Dr Keith Gido and Dr Brett Sandercock. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey, or other sponsoring or participating agencies. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1695 EP 1707 DI 10.1002/rra.1578 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 058RI UT WOS:000312651000008 ER PT J AU Schenk, ER Hupp, CR Gellis, A AF Schenk, E. R. Hupp, C. R. Gellis, A. TI SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE RESTORED REACH OF THE KISSIMMEE RIVER BASIN, FLORIDA: A VAST SUBTROPICAL RIPARIAN WETLAND SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE floodplain; sediment; suspended sediment; sediment dynamics; bedload; riparian vegetation; river restoration; Florida ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; RESTORATION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; USA; ECOSYSTEM AB Historically, the Kissimmee River Basin consisted of a broad nearly annually inundated riparian wetland similar in character to tropical Southern Hemisphere large rivers. The river was channelized in the 1960s and 1970s, draining the wetland. The river is currently being restored with over 10?000 hectares of wetlands being reconnected to 70 river km of naturalized channel. We monitored riparian wetland sediment dynamics between 2007 and 2010 at 87 sites in the restored reach and 14 sites in an unrestored reference reach. Discharge and sediment transport were measured at the downstream end of the restored reach. There were three flooding events during the study, two as annual flood events and a third as a greater than a 5-year flood event. Restoration has returned periodic flood flow to the riparian wetland and provides a mean sedimentation rate of 11.3?mm per year over the study period in the restored reach compared with 1.7?mm per year in an unrestored channelized reach. Sedimentation from the two annual floods was within the normal range for alluvial Coastal Plain rivers. Sediment deposits consisted of over 20% organics, similar to eastern blackwater rivers. The Kissimmee River is unique in North America for its hybrid alluvial/blackwater nature. Fluvial suspended-sediment measurements for the three flood events indicate that a majority of the sediment (70%) was sand, which is important for natural levee construction. Of the total suspended sediment load for the three flood events, 3%16% was organic and important in floodplain deposition. Sediment yield is similar to low-gradient rivers draining to the Chesapeake Bay and alluvial rivers of the southeastern USA. Continued monitoring should determine whether observed sediment transport and floodplain deposition rates are normal for this river and determine the relationship between historic vegetation community restoration, hydroperiod restoration, and sedimentation. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schenk, E. R.; Hupp, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gellis, A.] US Geol Survey, Maryland Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schenk, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eschenk@usgs.gov OI Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU South Florida Water Management District; USGS National Research Program FX We would like to thank Dianna Hogan, Jose Valdes, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. Exceptional field logistical support was provided by Leroy Pearman and the USGS Orlando, Florida, Water Science Center. Coordination and valued support were provided by Jose Valdes, Kissimmee Division SFWMD. We are grateful for the field support given by Phillip Shackelford and Ryan Hollins. Sediment phosphorus concentrations were measured by Greg Noe and Nick Ostroski. Funding for this study came from the South Florida Water Management District and the USGS National Research Program. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1753 EP 1767 DI 10.1002/rra.1577 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 058RI UT WOS:000312651000012 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Gladish, DW Arab, A AF Wildhaber, M. L. Gladish, D. W. Arab, A. TI DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT USE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER AND LOWER YELLOWSTONE RIVER BENTHIC FISHES FROM 1996 TO 1998: A BASELINE FOR FISH COMMUNITY RECOVERY SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Missouri River; Yellowstone River; benthic fishes; distribution; habitat; catch-per-unit area modelling; zero-inflated Poisson; Bayesian inference ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; CHANNEL CATFISH; NORTH-DAKOTA; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SITE OCCUPANCY; MOVEMENTS; MODELS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION AB Past and present Missouri River management practices have resulted in native fishes being identified as in jeopardy. In 1995, the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Study was initiated to provide improved information on Missouri River fish populations and how alterations might affect them. The study produced a baseline against which to evaluate future changes in Missouri River operating criteria. The objective was to evaluate population structure and habitat use of benthic fishes along the entire mainstem Missouri River, exclusive of reservoirs. Here we use the data from this study to provide a recent-past baseline for on-going Missouri River fish population monitoring programmes along with a more powerful method for analysing data containing large percentages of zero values. This is carried out by describing the distribution and habitat use of 21 species of Missouri River benthic fishes based on catch-per-unit area data from multiple gears. We employ a Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson model expanded to include continuous measures of habitat quality (i.e. substrate composition, depth, velocity, temperature, turbidity and conductivity). Along with presenting the method, we provide a relatively complete picture of the Missouri River benthic fish community and the relationship between their relative population numbers and habitat conditions. We demonstrate that our single model provides all the information that is often obtained by a myriad of analytical techniques. An important advantage of the present approach is reliable inference for patterns of relative abundance using multiple gears without using gear efficiencies. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wildhaber, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Gladish, D. W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Arab, A.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mark_wildhaber@usgs.gov RI Gladish, Daniel/C-8814-2014 FU US Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE); Missouri River Division; Omaha District; Kansas City District; Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service; US Bureau of Reclamation; USGS; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Missouri Department of Conservation; North Dakota Game and Fish Department FX The data presented here were collected as part of the MRBFS by the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Consortium (MRBFC). The MRBFC included L. C. Bergstedt, C. R. Berry, P.J. Braaten, D.J. Dieterman, D. L. Galat, C. S. Guy, C. L. Pierce, M. A. Pegg, M. P. Ruggles, L. C. Sappington, D. L. Scarnecchia, T. L. Welker, R. G. White, M. L. Wildhaber and B. A. Young. Funding for this research was provided primarily by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE), Missouri River Division, Omaha and Kansas City Districts with financial support also from the Environmental Protection Agency Regions 7 and 8, National Park Service, US Bureau of Reclamation, USGS, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Missouri Department of Conservation and the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1780 EP 1803 DI 10.1002/rra.1559 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 058RI UT WOS:000312651000014 ER PT J AU Schwalm, DL Ballard, WB Fish, EB Whitlaw, HA AF Schwalm, Donelle L. Ballard, Warren B. Fish, Ernest B. Whitlaw, Heather A. TI DISTRIBUTION OF THE SWIFT FOX (VULPES VELOX) IN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHWEST TEXAS; OCCUPANCY RATES; WESTERN KANSAS; NEW-MEXICO; COYOTE; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; COLORADO AB Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) once occupied ca. 79 counties in Texas, but surveys in 1997-1998 indicated the range of the species was reduced to two counties. We used scat-transects and live-trapping during 2005-2007 to assess current distribution of the species in Texas. Our results indicated that distribution of the swift fox in Texas remains significantly reduced from the historical distribution and that population densities are low where the species currently exists. C1 [Schwalm, Donelle L.; Ballard, Warren B.; Fish, Ernest B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Schwalm, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Nash 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM doni.schwalm@oregonstate.edu FU Houston Safari Club; Houston Zoo; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Texas Tech University FX We thank A. Bryant, R. Crowhurst, L. Marroquin, A. McDonnell, E. Posthumus, L. Parks, B. Stotts, M. Swenson, and numerous volunteers from the Houston Zoo for assistance in the field. R. Carrera-Trevino provided the Spanish resumen. Funding was provided by the Houston Safari Club, the Houston Zoo, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and Texas Tech University. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 35 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059FZ UT WOS:000312691100005 ER PT J AU Dzul, MC Gaines, DB Fischer, JR Quist, MC Dinsmore, SJ AF Dzul, Maria C. Gaines, D. Bailey Fischer, Jesse R. Quist, Michael C. Dinsmore, Stephen J. TI EVALUATION OF OTOLITHS OF SALT CREEK PUPFISH (CYPRINODON SALINUS) FOR USE IN ANALYSES OF AGE AND GROWTH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; FECUNDITY; RESPONSES; ANNULI AB We collected Salt Creek pupfish (Cyprinodon salinus salinus) from Salt Creek, Death Valley, California, in November 2009 and May 2010. The purpose of our study was to determine whether otoliths displayed interpretable marks that might be used for estimating age and growth. Otoliths exhibited alternating bands of opaque and translucent material. Kendall rank correlation between number of bands on otoliths and length of fish were high for two readers (tau = 0.65 and 0.79) and exact agreement between readers was 51%. Otoliths exhibited 0-5 bands, which provided evidence that longevity of Salt Creek pupfish likely is >1 year. Total length of fish collected in spring and autumn differed for fish with one and three bands on otoliths. C1 [Dzul, Maria C.; Fischer, Jesse R.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gaines, D. Bailey] Death Valley Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Pahrump, NV 89048 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Dzul, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mariadzul@gmail.com FU Iowa State University; Death Valley Natural History Association; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank K Wilson (National Park Service), M. Bower (United States Forest Service), S. Kyriazis (National Park Service), and S. Parmenter (California Department of Fish and Game) for assistance with logistics and for ecological insight. We thank S. Wilson and M. Colvin for helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript. This project was supported, in part, by Iowa State University, the Death Valley Natural History Association, and the Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The research was conducted under Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 1-10-6851-I. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 412 EP 416 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059FZ UT WOS:000312691100007 ER PT J AU Kappenman, KM Cureton, ES Ilgen, J Toner, M Fraser, WC Kindschi, GA AF Kappenman, Kevin M. Cureton, Elijah S. Ilgen, Jason Toner, Matt Fraser, William C. Kindschi, Greg A. TI THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE BONYTAIL (GILA ELEGANS): APPLICATION TO PROPAGATION AND THERMAL-REGIME MANAGEMENT OF RIVERS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; RAZORBACK SUCKERS; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; ENDANGERED BONYTAILS; WATER TEMPERATURE; NATIVE FISHES; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; SIZE; POPULATION AB We performed experimental trials on hatchery-reared juvenile bonytails (Gila elegans) using the acclimated-chronic-exposure method. Bonytails were exposed to 8-30 degrees C for 112 days to determine effects on growth, condition factor, composition of body, and survival. Survival was >= 98% for all treatments. The predicted temperature was 25.9 degrees C for maximum gain in weight and 14.2 degrees C for zero gain. Temperatures <14 degrees C depressed growth, 14-20 degrees C provided incremental growth, and 22-26 degrees C allowed accelerated growth. We hypothesize that temperatures during propagation and seasonal temperatures of rivers that are 22-26 degrees C, or both, would maximize growth of juveniles and might promote higher survival because bonytails would be less vulnerable to predation, and have greater energy reserves and increased metabolic efficiency. C1 [Kappenman, Kevin M.; Cureton, Elijah S.; Ilgen, Jason; Toner, Matt; Fraser, William C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kappenman, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kevin_kappenman@fws.gov FU Lower Colorado River Multi-species Conservation Program, United States Bureau of Reclamation; United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Bozeman Fish Technology Center FX Partial funding was provided by the Lower Colorado River Multi-species Conservation Program, United States Bureau of Reclamation. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Bozeman Fish Technology Center provided additional funding and staff to support this study. This study was part of a larger effort to research rearing requirements of bonytails and we acknowledge and thank members of the task force, including M. Ulibarri, C. A. Caldwell, F. T. Barrows, and T. Burke. We thank M. A. Webb and R. T. Muth for early reviews of the manuscript and efforts with this project. We thank all staff of Bozeman Fish Technology Center but are indebted especially to fish culturist C. Hooley and former assistant director Y. Converse for their assistance. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059FZ UT WOS:000312691100009 ER PT J AU Alexander, ML Phillips, CT AF Alexander, Mara L. Phillips, Catherine T. TI HABITATS USED BY THE ENDANGERED FOUNTAIN DARTER (ETHEOSTOMA FONTICOLA) IN THE SAN MARCOS RIVER, HAYS COUNTY, TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-SIZE ESTIMATE AB We examined algae and macrophytes used as habitats by the endangered fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola through examination of six probable microhabitats. Rhizoclonium, Ludwigia repens, and Hydrilla verticillata had the greatest densities of fountain darters, although all six species of plants tested had fountain darters in >= 5% of samples. The smallest darters were in Rhizoclonium, and the largest were in Potamogeton illinoensis. This likely was due to differences in current velocity among microhabitats. In the San Marcos River, it is important for fountain darters to have vegetated areas with dense cover to provide food, reproductive habitats, and refugia. C1 [Alexander, Mara L.; Phillips, Catherine T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Alexander, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM mara_alexander@fws.gov FU United States Geological Survey Quick Response Program through the Columbia Environmental Research Center FX This project was funded partially by a grant from the United States Geological Survey Quick Response Program through the Columbia Environmental Research Center. A special thank you is extended to E. E. Little, Branch Chief of Ecology at Columbia Environmental Research Center, for support throughout the project. Additional thanks are extended to T. M. Brandt, J. N. Fries, J. R. Gibson, G. Peeples, and anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions regarding the manuscript. Views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059FZ UT WOS:000312691100014 ER PT J AU Collins, DP Harveson, LA Ruthven, DC AF Collins, Daniel P., III Harveson, Louis A. Ruthven, Donald C., III TI SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AMERICAN BADGERS (TAXIDEA TAXUS) IN SOUTHERN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; PLAINS AB We investigated ecology of the American badger (Taxidea taxus) on the Chaparral Wildlife Management Area, La Salle County, Texas, during February-November 2002. We trapped five individuals (four males, one female) with a mean (+/- SE) weight of 6.1 +/- 0.6 kg. Home ranges and mean daily movements of three males averaged 7.0 +/- 3.5 km(2) and 758 +/- 801 m, respectively. American badgers did not use habitats in proportion to availability and showed a preference for honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) savannah-acacia (Acacia) shrublands. Burrowing sites were dominated by a honey mesquite-bufflegrass (Pennistum ciliare) association. C1 [Collins, Daniel P., III; Harveson, Louis A.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Alpine, TX 79382 USA. [Ruthven, Donald C., III] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Chaparral Wildlife Management Area, Artesia Wells, TX 78001 USA. RP Collins, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Migratory Bird Off 2, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM dan_collins@fws.gov FU Sul Ross State University FX We thank staff of the Chaparral Wildlife Management Area including D. Synatzske, J. Gallagher, S. Terrell, J. Urenda, M. Colchado, and E. Lopez for cooperation. We thank T. Conway for translation of the abstract. We also thank B. Warnock and J. Mueller for early reviews of the manuscript. This study was funded by Sul Ross State University. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 31 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059FZ UT WOS:000312691100023 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Germino, MJ Benner, SG Glenn, NF Hoover, AN AF Sankey, Joel B. Germino, Matthew J. Benner, Shawn G. Glenn, Nancy F. Hoover, Amber N. TI Transport of biologically important nutrients by wind in an eroding cold desert SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aeolian; Fire; Nutrients; Sagebrush steppe; Water; Wind erosion ID AEOLIAN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; GRAIN-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; HIGH-PLAINS; MEHLICH 3; SOIL; EROSION; WATER; VEGETATION AB Wind erosion following fire is an important landscape process that can result in the redistribution of ecologically important soil resources. In this study we evaluated the potential for a fire patch in a desert shrubland to serve as a source of biologically important nutrients to the adjacent, downwind, unburned ecosystem. We analyzed nutrient concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al) in wind-transported sediments, and soils from burned and adjacent unburned surfaces, collected during the first to second growing seasons after a wildfire that burned in 2007 in Idaho, USA in sagebrush steppe; a type of cold desert shrubland. We also evaluated the timing of potential wind erosion events and weather conditions that might have contributed to nutrient availability in downwind shrubland. Findings indicated that post-fire wind erosion resulted in an important, but transient, addition of nutrients on the downwind shrubland. Aeolian sediments from the burned area were enriched relative to both the up- and down-wind soil and indicated the potential for a fertilization effect through the deposition of the nutrient-enriched sediment during the first, but not second, summer after wildfire. Weather conditions that could have produced nutrient transport events might have provided increased soil moisture necessary to make nutrients accessible for plants in the desert environment. Wind transport of nutrients following fire is likely important in the sagebrush steppe as it could contribute to pulses of resource availability that might, for example, affect plant species differently depending on their phenology, and nutrient- and water-use requirements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sankey, Joel B.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Benner, Shawn G.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Glenn, Nancy F.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.; Hoover, Amber N.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov; mgermino@usgs.gov; sgbenner@gmail.com; glennanc@isu.edu; hoovambe@isu.edu RI Benner, Shawn/A-2557-2012; Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014; Hoover, Amber/B-8373-2017 OI Benner, Shawn/0000-0003-4024-5777; Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654; Hoover, Amber/0000-0001-8584-3995 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0481]; Bureau of Land Management; NSF EPSCOR [EPS 0814387] FX This material is based on work supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0481. Additional funding was provided by the Bureau of Land Management and NSF EPSCOR (#EPS 0814387). Analyses were conducted at the BioTrace Laboratory at Boise State University with the help of Paul Olin. Andy Austreng, Joey Dean, and Jeremy Greth also assisted with soil analyses. Arizona Remote Sensing Center (ARSC) at the University of Arizona provided the AVHRR-NDVI 14-day composite data set. We thank Jason Field and Seth Munson for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 SI SI BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.01.003 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 056FB UT WOS:000312472700004 ER PT J AU Miller, ME Bowker, MA Reynolds, RL Goldstein, HL AF Miller, Mark E. Bowker, Matthew A. Reynolds, Richard L. Goldstein, Harland L. TI Post-fire land treatments and wind erosion - Lessons from the Milford Flat Fire, UT, USA SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dry lands; Dust; Land treatments; Spatial variability; Wildfire; Wind erosion ID AEOLIAN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DESERT DUST; SEMIARID SHRUBLAND; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND AB We monitored sediment flux at 25 plots located at the northern end of the 2007 Milford Flat Fire (Lake Bonneville Basin, west-central Utah) to examine the effectiveness of post-fire rehabilitation treatments in mitigating risks of wind erosion during the first 3 years post fire. Maximum values were recorded during Mar-Jul 2009 when horizontal sediment fluxes measured with BSNE samplers ranged from 16.3 to 1251.0 g m(-2) d(-1) in unburned plots (n = 8; data represent averages of three sampler heights per plot), 35.2-555.3 g m(-2) d(-1) in burned plots that were not treated (n = 5), and 21.0-44,010.7 g m(-2) d(-1) in burned plots that received one or more rehabilitation treatments that disturbed the soil surface (n = 12). Fluxes during this period exhibited extreme spatial variability and were contingent on upwind landscape characteristics and surficial soil properties, with maximum fluxes recorded in settings downwind of treated areas with long treatment length and unstable fine sand. Nonlinear patterns of wind erosion attributable to soil and fetch effects highlight the profound importance of landscape setting and soil properties as spatial factors to be considered in evaluating risks of alternative post-fire rehabilitation strategies. By Mar-Jul 2010, average flux for all plots declined by 73.6% relative to the comparable 2009 period primarily due to the establishment and growth of exotic annual plants rather than seeded perennial plants. Results suggest that treatments in sensitive erosion-prone settings generally exacerbated rather than mitigated wind erosion during the first 3 years post fire, although long-term effects remain uncertain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Mark E.] SE Utah Grp, Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Bowker, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.; Goldstein, Harland L.] US Geol Survey Geol & Environm Change, Denver, CO USA. RP Miller, ME (reprint author), SE Utah Grp, Natl Pk Serv, 2282 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM memiller@nps.gov OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service; National Park Service FX Funding and logistical support for this work were provided by the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, and the National Park Service. Additional cooperation was provided by the State of Utah. Field and lab assistance were provided by Matthew Van Scoyoc, Rebecca Mann, Junran Li, Marith Reheis, James Yount, Eric Fisher, Jiang Xiao, Leslie Allred, and Patricia Ortiz. Discussions with Marith Reheis, James Yount, Junran Li, Greg Okin, and Travis Belote contributed to ideas presented here. Joel Sankey, Seth Munson, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 SI SI BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.04.001 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 056FB UT WOS:000312472700005 ER PT J AU Drake, KK Nussear, KE Esque, TC Barber, AM Vittum, KM Medica, PA Tracy, CR Hunter, KW AF Drake, K. K. Nussear, K. E. Esque, T. C. Barber, A. M. Vittum, K. M. Medica, P. A. Tracy, C. R. Hunter, K. W., Jr. TI Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise? SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE desert tortoise; Gopherus agassizii; translocation; stress; Mojave Desert; corticosterone ID PREDICT SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MOJAVE-DESERT; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; REGRESSION METHODS; TURTLES; FIELD; WILD AB Wildlife translocation is increasingly used to mitigate disturbances to animals or habitat due to human activities, yet little is known about the extent to which translocating animals causes stress. To understand the relationship between physiological stress and translocation, we conducted a multiyear study (20072009) using a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) near Fort Irwin, California. Blood samples were collected from adult tortoises in three treatment groups (resident, translocated and control) for 1 year prior to and 2 years after translocation. Samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for plasma total corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid hormone commonly associated with stress responses in reptiles. CORT values were analyzed in relation to potential covariates (animal sex, date, behavior, treatment, handling time, air temperature, home-range size, precipitation and annual plant production) among seasons and years. CORT values in males were higher than in females, and values for both varied monthly throughout the activity season and among years. Year and sex were strong predictors of CORT, and translocation explained little in terms of CORT. Based on these results, we conclude that translocation does not elicit a physiological stress response in desert tortoises. C1 [Drake, K. K.; Nussear, K. E.; Esque, T. C.; Vittum, K. M.; Medica, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Barber, A. M.; Tracy, C. R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hunter, K. W., Jr.] Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Drake, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM kdrake@usgs.gov FU US Department of Defense, Ft. Irwin, California FX We thank B. Jacobs, C. Phillips, M. Walden, F. Chen, R. Inman, M. Kang, D. Essary, A. Walde, P. Woodman, K. Berry, W. Boarman, M. Quillman, C. Everly, R. Jones, R. Averill-Murray, J. Yee, K. Phillips, and numerous others in assisting with data and logistics. We thank L. Bowen, S. Jones, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to improve the quality of this paper. This project was conducted under permits TE-102235 and SCP-011076 and supported by the US Department of Defense, Ft. Irwin, California. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 6 BP 560 EP 570 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057AH UT WOS:000312533400005 ER PT J AU Yuan, FM Yi, SH McGuire, AD Johnson, KD Liang, J Harden, JW Kasischke, ES Kurz, WA AF Yuan, F. -M. Yi, S. -H. McGuire, A. D. Johnson, K. D. Liang, J. Harden, J. W. Kasischke, E. S. Kurz, W. A. TI Assessment of boreal forest historical C dynamics in the Yukon River Basin: relative roles of warming and fire regime change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE assessment; basin-scale analysis; boreal forests; climate warming; C stock dynamics; dynamic organic soil; fire regime change; terrestrial ecological modeling ID HIGH-LATITUDE ECOSYSTEMS; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON BALANCE; VULNERABILITY; CANADA; GROWTH; CHRONOSEQUENCE AB Carbon (C) dynamics of boreal forest ecosystems have substantial implications for efforts to mitigate the rise of atmospheric CO2 and may be substantially influenced by warming and changing wildfire regimes. In this study we applied a large-scale ecosystem model that included dynamics of organic soil horizons and soil organic matter characteristics of multiple pools to assess forest C stock changes of the Yukon River Basin (YRB) in Alaska, USA, and Canada from 1960 through 2006, a period characterized by substantial climate warming and increases in wildfire. The model was calibrated for major forests with data from long-term research sites and evaluated using a forest inventory database. The regional assessment indicates that forest vegetation C storage increased by 46 Tg C, but that total soil C storage did not change appreciably during this period. However, further analysis suggests that C has been continuously lost from the mineral soil horizon since warming began in the 1970s, but has increased in the amorphous organic soil horizon. Based on a factorial experiment, soil C stocks would have increased by 158 Tg C if the YRB had not undergone warming and changes in fire regime. The analysis also identified that warming and changes in fire regime were approximately equivalent in their effects on soil C storage, and interactions between these two suggests that the loss of organic horizon thickness associated with increases in wildfire made deeper soil C stocks more vulnerable to loss via decomposition. Subbasin analyses indicate that C stock changes were primarily sensitive to the fraction of burned forest area within each subbasin and that boreal forest ecosystems in the YRB are currently transitioning from being sinks to sources at similar to 0.7% annual area burned. We conclude that it is important for international mitigation efforts focused on controlling atmospheric CO2 to consider how climate warming and changes in fire regime may concurrently affect the CO2 sink strength of boreal forests. It is also important for large-scale biogeochemical and earth system models to include organic soil dynamics in applications to assess regional C dynamics of boreal forests responding to warming and changes in fire regime. C1 [Yuan, F. -M.; Johnson, K. D.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Yi, S. -H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Regions Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryosphere Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Liang, J.] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kasischke, E. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20741 USA. [Kurz, W. A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Yuan, FM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yuanf@ornl.gov OI Yi, Shuhua/0000-0003-4932-8237; Kurz, Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849 FU National Basic Research Program [2010CB951402]; One Hundred People Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; USDA (CSREES) [2008-35615-18959]; Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Model Project; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Strategic Environmental Research and Defense Program of the Department of Defense; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program; National Science Foundation; USDA Forest Service through the Pacific Northwest Research Station; NASA [NNG04GD25G, NNX08AI79G] FX S.-H. Yi received support for this study through grants as part of the National Basic Research Program (2010CB951402) and One Hundred People Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Support for F.-M. Yuan, A. D. McGuire, and others in this study include the USDA (CSREES grant 2008-35615-18959), the Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Model Project (funded jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service), the Strategic Environmental Research and Defense Program of the Department of Defense, and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program (funded jointly by the National Science Foundation and the USDA Forest Service through the Pacific Northwest Research Station. E. S. Kasischke was supported through NASA grants (NNG04GD25G and NNX08AI79G). NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2091 EP 2109 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057TQ UT WOS:000312587300005 PM 23387112 ER PT J AU Larsen, LG Choi, J Nungesser, MK Harvey, JW AF Larsen, Laurel G. Choi, Jungyill Nungesser, Martha K. Harvey, Judson W. TI Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; directional connectivity metrics; Everglades; graph theory; hydroecology; hydrology; landscape ecology; restoration ID QUANTIFY SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; EVERGLADES; SYSTEM; RIDGE; FLOW; INTERCEPTION; PERSPECTIVE; VEGETATION; NETWORKS AB Quantifying hydrologic and ecological connectivity has contributed to understanding transport and dispersal processes and assessing ecosystem degradation or restoration potential. However, there has been little synthesis across disciplines. The growing field of ecohydrology and recent recognition that loss of hydrologic connectivity is leading to a global decline in biodiversity underscore the need for a unified connectivity concept. One outstanding need is a way to quantify directional connectivity that is consistent, robust to variations in sampling, and transferable across scales or environmental settings. Understanding connectivity in a particular direction (e.g., streamwise, along or across gradient, between sources and sinks, along cardinal directions) provides critical information for predicting contaminant transport, planning conservation corridor design, and understanding how landscapes or hydroscapes respond to directional forces like wind or water flow. Here we synthesize progress on quantifying connectivity and develop a new strategy for evaluating directional connectivity that benefits from use of graph theory in ecology and percolation theory in hydrology. The directional connectivity index (DCI) is a graph-theory based, multiscale metric that is generalizable to a range of different structural and functional connectivity applications. It exhibits minimal sensitivity to image rotation or resolution within a given range and responds intuitively to progressive, unidirectional change. Further, it is linearly related to the integral connectivity scale length-a metric common in hydrology that correlates well with actual fluxes-but is less computationally challenging and more readily comparable across different landscapes. Connectivity-orientation curves (i.e., directional connectivity computed over a range of headings) provide a quantitative, information-dense representation of environmental structure that can be used for comparison or detection of subtle differences in the physical-biological feedbacks driving pattern formation. Case-study application of the DCI to the Everglades in south Florida revealed that loss of directional hydrologic connectivity occurs more rapidly and is a more sensitive indicator of declining ecosystem function than other metrics (e.g., habitat area) used previously. Here and elsewhere, directional connectivity can provide insight into landscape drivers and processes, act as an early-warning indicator of environmental degradation, and serve as a planning tool or performance measure for conservation and restoration efforts. C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.; Choi, Jungyill; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nungesser, Martha K.] S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Assessment Sect, Div Water Resources, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lglarsen@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU USGS National Research Program; USGS Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative; National Park Service [F5284080024]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W32CS501185613] FX This project was supported by the USGS National Research Program, the USGS Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative, the National Park Service (interagency agreement F5284080024), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (agreement W32CS501185613). We thank M. Cohen and D. Watts (University of Florida) for generously providing us with digitized GIS images of the ridge and slough landscape. Comments from Genevieve Ali, John Moody, and one anonymous referee considerably improved the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 164 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2204 EP 2220 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057TQ UT WOS:000312587300013 PM 23387120 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Warrington, GS Schwenk, WS Dinitz, JH AF Donovan, Therese M. Warrington, Gregory S. Schwenk, W. Scott Dinitz, Jeffrey H. TI Estimating landscape carrying capacity through maximum clique analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bobcat; graph theory; landscape carrying capacity; Lynx rufus; maximum clique; occupancy modeling; Ovenbird; resource utilization; Seirus aurocapillus ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT SUITABILITY; POPULATION VIABILITY; LYNX-RUFUS; MODELS; UNCERTAINTIES; ECOSYSTEMS; OCCUPANCY; FRAMEWORK AB Habitat suitability (HS) maps are widely used tools in wildlife science and establish a link between wildlife populations and landscape pattern. Although HS maps spatially depict the distribution of optimal resources for a species, they do not reveal the population size a landscape is capable of supporting-information that is often crucial for decision makers and managers. We used a new approach, "maximum clique analysis,'' to demonstrate how HS maps for territorial species can be used to estimate the carrying capacity, N-k, of a given landscape. We estimated the N-k of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) in an 1153-km(2) study area in Vermont, USA. These two species were selected to highlight different approaches in building an HS map as well as computational challenges that can arise in a maximum clique analysis. We derived 30-m(2) HS maps for each species via occupancy modeling (Ovenbird) and by resource utilization modeling (bobcats). For each species, we then identified all pixel locations on the map (points) that had sufficient resources in the surrounding area to maintain a home range (termed a "pseudo-home range''). These locations were converted to a mathematical graph, where any two points were linked if two pseudo-home ranges could exist on the landscape without violating territory boundaries. We used the program Cliquer to find the maximum clique of each graph. The resulting estimates of N-k = 236 Ovenbirds and N-k = 42 female bobcats were sensitive to different assumptions and model inputs. Estimates of N-k via alternative, ad hoc methods were 1.4 to >30 times greater than the maximum clique estimate, suggesting that the alternative results may be upwardly biased. The maximum clique analysis was computationally intensive but could handle problems with <1500 total pseudo-home ranges (points). Given present computational constraints, it is best suited for species that occur in clustered distributions (where the problem can be broken into several, smaller problems), or for species with large home ranges relative to grid scale where resampling the points to a coarser resolution can reduce the problem to manageable proportions. C1 [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Warrington, Gregory S.; Dinitz, Jeffrey H.] Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM tdonovan@uvm.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank J. Yu for developing the Arc GIS ModelBuilder program that processes HS inputs and prepares output files that are "clique ready.'' We fully acknowledge the contributions of field workers, technicians, and analysts who collected field data on Ovenbirds and bobcats or had a hand in analyzing field data that ultimately formed the basis of the HS models, including Brian Mitchell, Mark Freeman, Noel Dodge, Olivia LeMaistre, Cheri Young, Kristen Watrous, Ruth Mickey, Alan Howard, Travis Collingwood, Rachel DeMots, Charlie Eiseman, and Stu Wilson. We thank Charlie Bettigole, Michelle Brown, Cori Brauer, Jonathan Cummings, Jon Katz, and Kurt Rinehart for stimulating discussion and manuscript critique, with special thanks to Tom Bonnot and Mike Larson for their insights. J. Bongard and Dylan Conger provided early help on the clique analysis. Two anonymous reviewers provided very useful comments that helped clarify and sharpen our prose. Use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Vermont, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2265 EP 2276 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057TQ UT WOS:000312587300017 PM 23387124 ER PT J AU Nelson, AA Kauffman, MJ Middleton, AD Jimenez, MD McWhirter, DE Barber, J Gerow, K AF Nelson, Abigail A. Kauffman, Matthew J. Middleton, Arthur D. Jimenez, Michael D. McWhirter, Douglas E. Barber, Jarrett Gerow, Kenneth TI Elk migration patterns and human activity influence wolf habitat use in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming, USA; Canis lupus; Cervus elaphus; elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; habitat use; large carnivore conservation; livestock conflict; partial migration; ungulate migration; wolves ID NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; HUMAN-CARNIVORE CONFLICT; RESOURCE SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PREDATION RISK; CALF SURVIVAL; NATIONAL-PARK; CANIS-LUPUS AB Identifying the ecological dynamics underlying human-wildlife conflicts is important for the management and conservation of wildlife populations. In landscapes still occupied by large carnivores, many ungulate prey species migrate seasonally, yet little empirical research has explored the relationship between carnivore distribution and ungulate migration strategy. In this study, we evaluate the influence of elk (Cervus elaphus) distribution and other landscape features on wolf (Canis lupus) habitat use in an area of chronic wolf-livestock conflict in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Using three years of fine-scale wolf (n - 14) and elk (n - 81) movement data, we compared the seasonal habitat use of wolves in an area dominated by migratory elk with that of wolves in an adjacent area dominated by resident elk. Most migratory elk vacate the associated winter wolf territories each summer via a 40-60 km migration, whereas resident elk remain accessible to wolves year-round. We used a generalized linear model to compare the relative probability of wolf use as a function of GIS-based habitat covariates in the migratory and resident elk areas. Although wolves in both areas used elk-rich habitat all year, elk density in summer had a weaker influence on the habitat use of wolves in the migratory elk area than the resident elk area. Wolves employed a number of alternative strategies to cope with the departure of migratory elk. Wolves in the two areas also differed in their disposition toward roads. In winter, wolves in the migratory elk area used habitat close to roads, while wolves in the resident elk area avoided roads. In summer, wolves in the migratory elk area were indifferent to roads, while wolves in resident elk areas strongly avoided roads, presumably due to the location of dens and summering elk combined with different traffic levels. Study results can help wildlife managers to anticipate the movements and establishment of wolf packs as they expand into areas with migratory or resident prey populations, varying levels of human activity, and front-country rangelands with potential for conflicts with livestock. C1 [Nelson, Abigail A.; Middleton, Arthur D.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [McWhirter, Douglas E.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cody, WY 82414 USA. [Barber, Jarrett] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gerow, Kenneth] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Nelson, AA (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 1354 Highway 10 W, Livingston, MT 59047 USA. EM abnelson@mt.gov FU Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Community Forestry and Environmental Research Partnership Fellowship; University of Wyoming Haub School Summer Research Grant; University of Wyoming Plummer Scholarship FX Funding for this research was provided by the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, the Community Forestry and Environmental Research Partnership Fellowship, the University of Wyoming Haub School Summer Research Grant, and the University of Wyoming Plummer Scholarship. Our fieldwork would not have been possible without the extensive cooperation and support of many livestock producers in the Cody, Sunlight Basin, and Crandall areas, particularly M. McCarty, J. and E. Foos, D. Geving, W. Donald, and the 7D Ranch. For assistance with wolf capture, we thank J. Pehringer and M. Nicholson of the U.S Department of Agriculture and S. Woodruff of the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service. For field logistical support, we thank C. Queen, M. Bruscino, and other staff in the Cody regional office of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department; A. Pils and L. Otto of the U.S Forest Service; and the staff of the Yellowstone Center for Resources. For safe piloting, we thank Sky Aviation, Gallatin Aviation, Quicksilver Air, and Leading Edge Aviation. For comments on the manuscript we thank D. Doak and S. Buskirk; and for guidance in statistical analyses we thank H. Sawyer, D. Legg, and R. Neilson. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S Government. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 19 U2 267 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2293 EP 2307 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057TQ UT WOS:000312587300019 PM 23387126 ER PT J AU McDonald, KW McClure, CJW Rolek, BW Hill, GE AF McDonald, Kenneth W. McClure, Christopher J. W. Rolek, Brian W. Hill, Geoffrey E. TI Diversity of birds in eastern North America shifts north with global warming SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; climate change; diversity; spring temperature; trans-Gulf migrant ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES RICHNESS; POLEWARD SHIFTS; IMPACTS; SCALE; RANGES; TRENDS; SIZE AB The distribution of diversity along latitudinal and elevation gradients, and the coupling of this phenomenon with climate, is a pattern long recognized in ecology. Hypothesizing that climate change may have altered this pattern over time, we investigated whether the aggregate of reported northward shifts of bird ranges in North America is now detectable in community-level indices such as richness and diversity. Here, we report that bird diversity in North America increased and shifted northward between 1966 and 2010. This change in the relationship of diversity to the latitudinal gradient is primarily influenced by range expansions of species that winter in the eastern United States as opposed to species which migrate to this area from wintering grounds in the tropics. This increase in diversity and its northward expansion is best explained by an increase in regional prebreeding season temperature over the past 44 years. C1 [McDonald, Kenneth W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. [McClure, Christopher J. W.; Rolek, Brian W.; Hill, Geoffrey E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP McDonald, KW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 446 Neal St, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. EM kenneth_mcdonald@fws.gov OI McClure, Christopher/0000-0003-1216-7425 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 147 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 2 IS 12 BP 3052 EP 3060 DI 10.1002/ece3.410 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055YF UT WOS:000312453200011 PM 23301172 ER PT J AU Amburgey, S Funk, WC Murphy, M Muths, E AF Amburgey, Staci Funk, W. Chris Murphy, Melanie Muths, Erin TI EFFECTS OF HYDROPERIOD DURATION ON SURVIVAL, DEVELOPMENTAL RATE, AND SIZE AT METAMORPHOSIS IN BOREAL CHORUS FROG TADPOLES (PSEUDACRIS MACULATA) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Amphibian decline; Climate change; Hydroperiod; Larval growth rate; Metamorphosis; Pseudacris maculate ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; RANA-TEMPORARIA; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; NATIONAL-PARK; COMMON FROG; WOOD FROG AB Understanding the relationship between climate-driven habitat conditions and survival is key to preserving biodiversity in the face of rapid climate change. Hydroperiod-the length of time water is in a wetland-is a critical limiting habitat variable for amphibians as larvae must metamorphose before ponds dry. Changes in precipitation and temperature patterns are affecting hydroperiod globally, but the impact of these changes on amphibian persistence is poorly understood. We studied the responses of Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculate) tadpoles to simulated hydroperiods (i.e., water level reductions) in the laboratory using individuals collected from ponds spanning a range of natural hydroperiods (Colorado Front Range, USA). To assess the effects of experimental hydroperiod reduction, we measured mortality, time to metamorphosis, and size at metamorphosis. We found that tadpoles grew at rates reflecting the hydroperiods of their native ponds, regardless of experimental treatment. Tadpoles from permanent ponds metamorphosed faster than those from ephemeral ponds across all experimental treatments, a pattern which may represent a predation selection gradient or countergradient variation in developmental rates. Size at metamorphosis did not vary across experimental treatments. Mortality was low overall but varied with pond of origin. Our results suggest that adaptation to local hydroperiod and/or predation and temperature conditions is important in P. maculate. Moreover, the lack of a plastic response to reduced hydroperiods suggests that P. maculate may not be able to metamorphose quickly enough to escape drying ponds. These results have important implications for amphibian persistence in ponds predicted to dry more quickly due to rapid climate change. C1 [Amburgey, Staci; Funk, W. Chris; Murphy, Melanie] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Amburgey, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM amburgey@rams.colostate.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009 FU Undergraduate Honors Program at Colorado State University; US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); Colorado State University; Colorado Division of Wildlife [09HP957]; Colorado State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [09107A02] FX We thank R. Greene, N. Jones, S. Poessel, and S. Bayard de Volo for assistance in the field and lab. We also thank E. Lemmon for her advice on frog care and maintenance. The Undergraduate Honors Program at Colorado State University, the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI), and Colorado State University supported this research, which was approved by the Colorado Division of Wildlife (permit 09HP957) and Colorado State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (permit 09107A02). This is contribution number 405 of the US Geological Survey ARMI and was facilitated by ongoing collaborations with the Yanayacu Natural History Research Group. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 83 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 2012 VL 68 IS 4 BP 456 EP 467 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 054MZ UT WOS:000312349200002 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR Fienen, MN AF Selbig, William R. Fienen, Michael N. TI Regression Modeling of Particle Size Distributions in Urban Storm Water: Advancements through Improved Sample Collection Methods SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Storm water; Suspended sediment; Particle size distribution; Rosin-Rammler; Stratification; Urban runoff ID SOLIDS STRATIFICATION BIAS; LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; RAINFALL; QUALITY; ARM AB A new sample collection system was developed to improve the representation of sediment entrained in urban storm water by integrating water quality samples from the entire water column. The depth-integrated sampler arm (DISA) was able to mitigate sediment stratification bias in storm water, thereby improving the characterization of suspended-sediment concentration and particle size distribution at three independent study locations. Use of the DISA decreased variability, which improved statistical regression to predict particle size distribution using surrogate environmental parameters, such as precipitation depth and intensity. The performance of this statistical modeling technique was compared to results using traditional fixed-point sampling methods and was found to perform better. When environmental parameters can be used to predict particle size distributions, environmental managers have more options when characterizing concentrations, loads, and particle size distributions in urban runoff. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000612. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Selbig, William R.; Fienen, Michael N.] USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov; mnfienen@usgs.gov RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2012 VL 138 IS 12 BP 1186 EP 1193 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000612 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059JC UT WOS:000312699700003 ER PT J AU Sallenger, AH Doran, KS Howd, PA AF Sallenger, Asbury H., Jr. Doran, Kara S. Howd, Peter A. TI Hotspot of accelerated sea-level rise on the Atlantic coast of North America SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; GREENLAND; PROJECTIONS; RECORD; WEST AB Climate warming does not force sea-level rise (SLR) at the same rate everywhere. Rather, there are spatial variations of SLR superimposed on a global average rise. These variations are forced by dynamic processes(1-4), arising from circulation and variations in temperature and/or salinity, and by static equilibrium processes(5), arising from mass redistributions changing gravity and the Earth's rotation and shape. These sea-level variations form unique spatial patterns, yet there are very few observations verifying predicted patterns or fingerprints(6). Here, we present evidence of recently accelerated SLR in a unique 1,000-km-long hotspot on the highly populated North American Atlantic coast north of Cape Hatteras and show that it is consistent with a modelled fingerprint of dynamic SLR. Between 1950-1979 and 1980-2009, SLR rate increases in this northeast hotspot were similar to 3-4 times higher than the global average. Modelled dynamic plus steric SLR by 2100 at New York City ranges with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario from 36 to 51 cm (ref. 3); lower emission scenarios project 24-36 cm (ref. 7). Extrapolations from data herein range from 20 to 29 cm. SLR superimposed on storm surge, wave run-up and set-up will increase the vulnerability of coastal cities to flooding, and beaches and wetlands to deterioration. C1 [Sallenger, Asbury H., Jr.; Doran, Kara S.; Howd, Peter A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Sallenger, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM asallenger@usgs.gov OI Doran, Kara/0000-0001-8050-5727 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program provided the financial support for this work. We thank the following for providing comments on our manuscript before submission: K. A. Holman, J. Boon, C. Fletcher, N. Plant, E. R. Thieler, L. Robbins and J. List. We also thank G. Mitchum, P. Thompson and J. Haines for useful discussions about dynamic SLR and results presented in this paper. K. Morgan assisted with preparation of the final figures. NR 30 TC 183 Z9 184 U1 7 U2 176 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 2 IS 12 BP 884 EP 888 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1597 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055RF UT WOS:000312433700023 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA AF Kvenvolden, Keith A. TI Fifty years of IMOG (International Meetings on Organic Geochemistry) SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL Interlaken, SWITZERLAND AB IMOG2011 is the 25th of a series of international meetings on organic geochemistry that began in 1962. Thus, this 25th meeting marks the 50th anniversary year of IMOG, which has (a) had a rich history with meetings taking place in 11 different countries, (b) published Proceedings, titled "Advances in Organic Geochemistry,'' from each meeting that now number 24 volumes totaling almost 18,000 pages, and ( c) documented the content and development of the science of organic geochemistry. IMOG2011 adds a new milestone to the progress of organic geochemistry through time. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kvenvolden@earthlink.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.09.004 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 058AB UT WOS:000312605100003 ER PT J AU Reheis, MC Bright, J Lund, SP Miller, DM Skipp, G Fleck, RJ AF Reheis, Marith C. Bright, Jordon Lund, Steve P. Miller, David M. Skipp, Gary Fleck, Robert J. TI A half-million-year record of paleoclimate from the Lake Manix Core, Mojave Desert, California SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paleoclimate; Pluvial lake; Mojave Desert; Ostracodes; Stable isotopes ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; OWENS LAKE AB Pluvial lakes in the southwestern U.S. responded sensitively to past climate through effects on rainfall, runoff, and evaporation. Although most studies agree that pluvial lakes in the southwestern U.S. reached their highest levels coeval with glacial stages, the specific timing of increased effective moisture and lake-level rise is debated, particularly for the southwesternmost lakes. We obtained a 45-m core of lacustrine sediment from Lake Manix, the former terminus of the Mojave River prior to about 25 ka, and supplemented data from the core with outcrop studies. These sediments provide a robust record of Mojave River discharge over the last half-million years. Lake Manix persisted from OIS 12 through early OIS 2, including during interstadial OIS 3 and interglacials OIS 5, 7, and 9. The ostracode faunal record displays a shift from an unexpectedly warm, summer-dominated lake hydrology during OIS 12 to predominantly colder, winter-dominated conditions afterwards. The ostracode-based stable isotope record displays a large degree of intra-sample variability and does not mimic other well-known isotopic records of climate change. Evaporation likely buffered the Manix delta O-18 record from most of the expected isotopic differences between interglacial and glacial-interval discharge. Isotopically depleted and stable lakes occurred only four to six times, most notably during OIS 7 and OIS 9. Internal drainage-basin changes also affected the isotopic record. Persistence of lakes in the Manix basin during interglacials requires atmospheric or oceanic circulation controls on the mean position of the Pacific storm track other than large ice sheets. We propose that the relative strength and sign of the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and its influence on atmospheric river-derived precipitation is a potential explanation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reheis, Marith C.; Skipp, Gary] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bright, Jordon] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lund, Steve P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Miller, David M.; Fleck, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS-980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov; jbright1@email.arizona.edu; slund@usc.edu; gskipp@usgs.gov; dmiller@usgs.gov; fleck@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Global Change Program FX This paper was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Global Change Program. We thank Jack Oviatt for contributing his mapping and stratigraphic studies around the core site, John McGeehin (USGS) for radiocarbon ages, and many field assistants. Several USGS personnel contributed their efforts: Jeffrey Honke and Gary Skipp were invaluable in core collection and handling. Eric Fisher performed all particle-size analyses and Joshua Freeman analyzed total inorganic carbon. Carol Ann Chapman painstakingly collected and weighed 1125 paleomagnetic csamples and ably handled all sample splitting and curation. Brian Marshall provided XRF analysis of core samples. Elmira Wan performed chemical analysis and correlation of the Manix tephra. Many discussions with George Jefferson (Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, Calif.) and Norman Meek (Calif. State Univ.-San Bernardino) helped our understanding of the Manix history and enabled us to clarify many aspects of their careful work. Our study also benefited greatly from early participation from and many conversations with Rick Forester (USGS, retired). Finally, we thank Joe Rosenbaum (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers, whose thorough and helpful reviews greatly improved this manuscript NR 156 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 365 BP 11 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.002 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 052FQ UT WOS:000312183500002 ER PT J AU Hiroi, J McCormick, SD AF Hiroi, Junya McCormick, Stephen D. TI New insights into gill ionocyte and ion transporter function in euryhaline and diadromous fish SO RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ionocyte; Na+/K+-ATPase; Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter; Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Na+/Cl- cotransporter; Na+/H+ exchanger ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; MITOCHONDRIA-RICH CELLS; CFTR ANION CHANNEL; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; BRANCHIAL CHLORIDE CELLS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; NA+/K+-ATPASE EXPRESSION; FRESH-WATER ADAPTATION; YOLK-SAC MEMBRANE AB Teleost fishes are able to acclimatize to seawater by secreting excess NaCl by means of specialized "ionocytes" in the gill epithelium. Antibodies against Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) have been used since 1996 as a marker for identifying branchial ionocytes. Immunohistochemistry of NKA by itself and in combination with Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter and CFTR Cl- channel provided convincing evidence that ionocytes are functional during seawater acclimation, and also revealed morphological variations in ionocytes among teleost species. Recent development of antibodies to freshwater- and seawater-specific isoforms of the NKA alpha-subunit has allowed functional distinction of ion absorptive and secretory ionocytes in Atlantic salmon. Cutaneous ionocytes of tilapia embryos serve as a model for branchial ionocytes, allowing identification of 4 types: two involved in ion uptake, one responsible for salt secretion and one with unknown function. Combining molecular genetics, advanced imaging techniques and immunohistochemistry will rapidly advance our understanding of both the unity and diversity of ionocyte function and regulation in fish osmoregulation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hiroi, Junya] St Marianna Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Miyamae Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2168511, Japan. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hiroi, J (reprint author), St Marianna Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Miyamae Ku, 2-16-1 Sugao, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2168511, Japan. EM j-hiroi@marianna-u.ac.jp; mccormick@umext.umass.edu RI Hiroi, Junya/E-5620-2011 OI Hiroi, Junya/0000-0002-8416-7136 FU JSPS KAKENHI [22780183] FX We thank Dr. Tetsuji Nakabo (Kyoto University), for his advice on teleost phylogeny, and Dr. Mari Kawaguchi (Sophia University), for her advice on teleost phylogeny and for providing fish illustrations in Fig. 3. Supported by JSPS KAKENHI (22780183). NR 80 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9048 J9 RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI JI Respir. Physiol. Neuro. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 184 IS 3 SI SI BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.resp.2012.07.019 PG 12 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 055PJ UT WOS:000312428600007 PM 22850177 ER PT J AU Renner, M Arimitsu, ML Piatt, JF AF Renner, Martin Arimitsu, Mayumi L. Piatt, John F. TI Structure of marine predator and prey communities along environmental gradients in a glaciated fjord SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MURRELET BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GLACIER BAY; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; PUTTING THINGS; CURRENT SYSTEM; SEABIRDS; ABUNDANCE; SHELF AB Spatial patterns of marine predator communities are influenced to varying degrees by prey distribution and environmental gradients. We examined physical and biological attributes of an estuarine fjord with strong glacier influence to determine the factors that most influence the structure of predator and prey communities. Our results suggest that some species, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), and glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens), were widely distributed across environmental gradients, indicating less specialization, whereas species such as capelin (Mallotus villosus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), and Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) appeared to have more specialized habitat requirements related to glacial influence. We found that upper trophic level communities were well correlated with their mid trophic level prey community, but strong physical gradients in photic depth, temperature, and nutrients played an important role in community structure as well. Mid-trophic level forage fish communities were correlated with the physical gradients more closely than upper trophic levels were, and they showed strong affinity to tidewater glaciers. Silica was closely correlated with the distribution of fish communities, the mechanisms of which deserve further study. C1 [Renner, Martin; Piatt, John F.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Arimitsu, Mayumi L.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jpiatt@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Natural Resource Protection Program; National Park Service FX This project would not have been possible without the technical and logistical support of Marc Romano (US Geological Survey), Lisa Eisner (NOAA), Nicola Hillgruber (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), and Ginny Eckert (University of Alaska, Southeast), who helped with planning, equipment, sample collection, and processing. David Hill (Pennsylvania State University) and David Douglas (US Geological Survey) provided model and remote sensing data. Thanks also to Captain Dan Foley and crew of the M/V Stellar. Jeff Douglas, Kendel Emmerson, Nancy Naslund, Leilani Nussman, Lucy Parker, Steve Scott, and Kim Weersing helped in the field. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey Natural Resource Protection Program and National Park Service and was aided by collaborations with scientists at NOAA Auke Bay Lab, the University of Alaska, and the National Park Service. The manuscript benefited from the critical comments of three anonymous reviewers. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2029 EP 2045 DI 10.1139/f2012-117 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054WR UT WOS:000312376600011 ER PT J AU Robertson, LS McCormick, SD AF Robertson, Laura S. McCormick, Stephen D. TI Transcriptional profiling of the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Expression; Microarray; Parr; Salmon; Smolt; Transcriptome ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH-HORMONE; K+-ATPASE; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; INCREASED DAYLENGTH; ANION CHANNEL; RT-PCR AB The parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a complex developmental process that culminates in the ability to migrate to and live in seawater. We used GRASP 16K cDNA microarrays to identify genes that are differentially expressed in the liver, gill, hypothalamus, pituitary, and olfactory rosettes of smolts compared to parr. Smolts had higher levels of gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, plasma cortisol and plasma thyroid hormones relative to parr. Across all five tissues, stringent microarray analyses identified 48 features that were differentially expressed in smolts compared to parr. Using a less stringent method we found 477 features that were differentially expressed at least 1.2-fold in smolts, including 172 features in the gill. Smolts had higher mRNA levels of genes involved in transcription, protein biosynthesis and folding, electron transport, oxygen transport, and sensory perception and lower mRNA levels for genes involved in proteolysis. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm differential expression in select genes identified by microarray analyses and to quantify expression of other genes known to be involved in smolting. This study expands our understanding of the molecular processes that underlie smolting in Atlantic salmon and identifies genes for further investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Robertson, Laura S.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Robertson, LS (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM lrobertson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Jamie Marie Marranca, Amy Regish and Michael O'Dea for technical assistance. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X EI 1878-0407 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2012.07.003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 052DM UT WOS:000312177900005 PM 22951584 ER PT J AU Cook, BI Wolkovich, EM Davies, TJ Ault, TR Betancourt, JL Allen, JM Bolmgren, K Cleland, EE Crimmins, TM Kraft, NJB Lancaster, LT Mazer, SJ McCabe, GJ McGill, BJ Parmesan, C Pau, S Regetz, J Salamin, N Schwartz, MD Travers, SE AF Cook, Benjamin I. Wolkovich, Elizabeth M. Davies, T. Jonathan Ault, Toby R. Betancourt, Julio L. Allen, Jenica M. Bolmgren, Kjell Cleland, Elsa E. Crimmins, Theresa M. Kraft, Nathan J. B. Lancaster, Lesley T. Mazer, Susan J. McCabe, Gregory J. McGill, Brian J. Parmesan, Camille Pau, Stephanie Regetz, James Salamin, Nicolas Schwartz, Mark D. Travers, Steven E. TI Sensitivity of Spring Phenology to Warming Across Temporal and Spatial Climate Gradients in Two Independent Databases SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE phenology; climate responders; NECTAR; PEP725; sensitivity; climate change ID GROWING DEGREE-DAYS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FLOWERING TIME; CENTRAL-EUROPE; CHANGE IMPACTS; PLANTS; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; PATTERNS; EARLIER AB Disparate ecological datasets are often organized into databases post hoc and then analyzed and interpreted in ways that may diverge from the purposes of the original data collections. Few studies, however, have attempted to quantify how biases inherent in these data (for example, species richness, replication, climate) affect their suitability for addressing broad scientific questions, especially in under-represented systems (for example, deserts, tropical forests) and wild communities. Here, we quantitatively compare the sensitivity of species first flowering and leafing dates to spring warmth in two phenological databases from the Northern Hemisphere. One-PEP725-has high replication within and across sites, but has low species diversity and spans a limited climate gradient. The other-NECTAR-includes many more species and a wider range of climates, but has fewer sites and low replication of species across sites. PEP725, despite low species diversity and relatively low seasonality, accurately captures the magnitude and seasonality of warming responses at climatically similar NECTAR sites, with most species showing earlier phenological events in response to warming. In NECTAR, the prevalence of temperature responders significantly declines with increasing mean annual temperature, a pattern that cannot be detected across the limited climate gradient spanned by the PEP725 flowering and leafing data. Our results showcase broad areas of agreement between the two databases, despite significant differences in species richness and geographic coverage, while also noting areas where including data across broader climate gradients may provide added value. Such comparisons help to identify gaps in our observations and knowledge base that can be addressed by ongoing monitoring and research efforts. Resolving these issues will be critical for improving predictions in understudied and under-sampled systems outside of the temperature seasonal mid-latitudes. C1 [Cook, Benjamin I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Cook, Benjamin I.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.; Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.; Kraft, Nathan J. B.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Davies, T. Jonathan] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Ault, Toby R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Allen, Jenica M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA. [Bolmgren, Kjell] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Theoret Populat Ecol & Evolut Grp, Lund, Sweden. [Crimmins, Theresa M.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lancaster, Lesley T.; Pau, Stephanie; Regetz, James] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Mazer, Susan J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGill, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Plymouth, Marine Sci Inst Portland Sq, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Salamin, Nicolas] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Travers, Steven E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bolmgren, Kjell] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Swedish Natl Phenol Network, Asa, Sweden. RP Cook, BI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM benjamin.i.cook@nasa.gov RI Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012; Kraft, Nathan/A-2817-2012; Bolmgren, Kjell/E-1459-2016; McGill, Brian/A-3476-2008; OI Kraft, Nathan/0000-0001-8867-7806; Bolmgren, Kjell/0000-0001-9552-9684; McGill, Brian/0000-0002-0850-1913; Crimmins, Theresa/0000-0001-9592-625X FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF- 0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; NSF [IOS-0639794, DBI-0905806]; NSERC CREATE FX Primary data collections were made possible through the support of many granting agencies; please see ESM for complete information and grant numbers. This work was conducted as a part of the "Forecasting Phenology" Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant #EF- 0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Special thanks to the many data holders and data managers who assisted us throughout the process including K. Vanderbilt and K. Wetherill (SEV), Chris Nytch and Jess Zimmerman (LUQ), George Aldridge and David Inouye (GTH), John O'Keefe (HVD), and Paul Huth, Shanan Smiley, and John Thompson from the Mohonk Preserve (MHK). Some data used in this publication were obtained by scientists of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study; this publication has not been reviewed by those scientists. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the Northeastern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. Additional support was also provided by the USA National Phenology Research Coordination Network, supported by NSF grant #IOS-0639794. NJBK was supported by the NSERC CREATE Training Program in Biodiversity Research. PEP725 data were provided by the members of the PEP725 project. Special thanks to E. Koch and W. Lipa for providing the PEP725 data and the accompanying climate data. Support for EMW came from the NSF Postdoctoral Fellow program (Grant #DBI-0905806). Thanks to the editors, two anonymous reviewers, Jonathan Hanes, and David Inouye for providing valuable comments that significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. LDEO contribution number #7580. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 12 U2 161 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1294 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9584-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051QY UT WOS:000312143300006 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Muhlfeld, CC Todd, AS Al-Chokhachy, R Roberts, J Kershner, JL Fausch, KD Hostetler, SW AF Isaak, Daniel J. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Todd, Andrew S. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Roberts, James Kershner, Jeffrey L. Fausch, Kurt D. Hostetler, Steven W. TI The Past as Prelude to the Future for Understanding 21st-Century Climate Effects on Rocky Mountain Trout SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; POTENTIAL HABITAT LOSS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; BULL TROUT; BROWN TROUT AB Bioclimatic models predict large reductions in native trout across the Rocky Mountains in the 21st century but lack details about how changes will occur. Through five case histories across the region, we explore how a changing climate has been affecting streams and the potential consequences for trout. Monitoring records show trends in temperature and hydrographs consistent with a warming climate in recent decades. Biological implications include upstream shifts in thermal habitats, risk of egg scour, increased wildfire disturbances, and declining summer habitat volumes. The importance of these factors depends on the context, but temperature increases are most relevant where population boundaries are mediated by thermal constraints. Summer flow declines and wildfires will be important where trout populations are fragmented and constrained to small refugia. A critical information gap is evidence documenting how populations are adjusting to long-term habitat trends, so biological monitoring is a priority. Biological, temperature, and discharge data from monitoring networks could be used to develop accurate vulnerability assessments that provide information regarding where conservation actions would best improve population resilience. Even with better information, future uncertainties will remain large due to unknowns regarding Earth's ultimate warming trajectory and how effects translate across scales. Maintaining or increasing the size of habitats could provide a buffer against these uncertainties. C1 [Isaak, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Kershner, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roberts, James; Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Washington Office of Research and Development FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. R. Al-Chokhachy was supported by additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey, Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program. J. Roberts and K. Fausch were supported by a grant from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. D. Isaak was supported by the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Washington Office of Research and Development. J. Alder, M. Zeigler, J. Giersch, and D. Horan helped with figure preparations and data collection. The manuscript was improved by comments from M. Young, P. Budy, and three anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and its subsequent amendments. NR 125 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 63 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 542 EP 556 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.742808 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 052JG UT WOS:000312193300003 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Nelson, JC AF Larson, James H. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jon M. Nelson, J. C. TI An exploratory investigation of the landscape-lake interface: Land cover controls over consumer N and C isotopic composition in Lake Michigan rivermouths SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rivermouths; Stable isotopes; Food webs; Watershed land cover ID SUPERIOR COASTAL WETLANDS; NITROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPES; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOOD WEBS; STREAM; CARBON; TERRESTRIAL AB Rivermouth ecosystems are areas where tributary waters mix with lentic near-shore waters and provide habitat for many Laurentian Great Lakes fish and wildlife species. Rivermouths are the interface between terrestrial activities that influence rivers and the ecologically important nearshore. Stable isotopes of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in consumers were measured from a range of rivermouths systems to address two questions: 1) What is the effect of rivermouth ecosystems and land cover on the isotopic composition of N available to rivermouth consumers? 2) Are rivermouth consumers composed of lake-like or river-like C? For question 1, data suggest that strong relationships between watershed agriculture and consumer N are weakened or eliminated at the rivermouth, in favor of stronger relationships between consumer N and depositional areas that may favor denitrification. For question 2, despite apparently large riverine inputs, consumers only occasionally appear river-like. More often consumers seem to incorporate large amounts of C from either the nearshore or primary production within the rivermouth itself. Rivermouths appear to be active C and N processing environments, thus necessitating their explicit incorporation into models estimating nearshore loading and possibly contributing to their importance to Great Lakes biota. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jon M.; Nelson, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov; wrichardson@usgs.gov; jvallazza@usgs.gov; jcnelson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grant [82] FX We thank M. Carlson-Mazur and P. Seelbach for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This project was funded by a Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grant (Project #82). Any use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FM UT WOS:000312183100003 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TP Taylor, WW Briggs, AS Roseman, EF AF O'Brien, Timothy P. Taylor, William W. Briggs, Andrew S. Roseman, Edward F. TI Influence of water temperature on rainbow smelt spawning and early life history dynamics in St. Martin Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rainbow smelt; Larval fish; Growth; Survival; Temperature; Lake Huron ID OSMERUS-MORDAX; THERMAL HABITAT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH; GROWTH; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ERIE; CANNIBALISM; POPULATION AB Rainbow smelt are an important prey species for native and introduced salmonines in the Great Lakes. In Lake Huron, rainbow smelt populations are characterized by variable recruitment and year-class strength. To understand the influence of water temperature on reproduction, growth, and survival during larval-fish stages, we sampled spawning tributaries and larval-fish habitats during 2008 and 2009 in St. Martin Bay, Lake Huron. Spawning by rainbow smelt occurred primarily when stream temperatures were between 3 and 10 C, which resulted in a 7-10-day spawning period during 2008, and a 15-20-day spawning period during 2009. Regardless of these differences in spawning temperatures and duration, peak larval-fish densities during 2008 were double those observed during 2009. Length-frequency analysis of larval-fish populations during both years revealed stream-hatched fish during May and a later emergence of larval rainbow smelt during summer, presumably originating from lake spawning. Warmer bay water temperatures led to earlier emergence of lake-spawned rainbow smelt larvae during 2009. Stream-hatched fish larvae experienced large-scale mortality during May 2008 resulting in a bay population consisting primarily of lake-spawned rainbow smelt larvae, but during 2009 both stream- and lake-hatched cohorts experienced higher survival concomitant with significantly higher mean population growth rates. Higher larval-fish growth rates during 2009 appeared to be density-dependent and facilitated by warmer water temperatures during late June and cooler water temperatures during July. Temperature-mediated differences in annual growth rates and irregular contributions from stream- and lake-hatched fish larvae are important factors affecting survival and abundance of young-of-the-year rainbow smelt in Lake Huron. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [O'Brien, Timothy P.; Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [O'Brien, Timothy P.; Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Briggs, Andrew S.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP O'Brien, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tiobrien@usgs.gov; taylorw@msu.edu; brigg2as@cmich.edu; eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Michigan State University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; USGS Great Lakes Science Center; Saginaw Bay Walleye Club Scholarship FX We thank the many individuals who assisted with various aspects of this research. Steve Farha, Jeff Schaeffer, and Paul Steen assisted with spawning rainbow smelt sampling or lab work. Chuck Madenjian, David Warner, and Bo Bunnell provided advice on model programming or computations. David Jude, Brian Roth, and Cherryl Murphy provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Patricia Thompson and Rich Quintal provided assistance with editing and graphics. This research was funded by the Michigan State University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the USGS Great Lakes Science Center, and the Saginaw Bay Walleye Club Scholarship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1714 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 776 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FM UT WOS:000312183100018 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Duffy, BT Nally, CJ David, AM AF Baldigo, Barry P. Duffy, Brian T. Nally, Christopher J. David, Anthony M. TI Toxicity of waters from the St. Lawrence River at Massena Area-of-Concern to the plankton species Selenastrum capricornutum and Ceriodaphnia dubia SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE St. Lawrence; Plankton; Bioassay; Beneficial use; Impairment ID GREAT-LAKES; PLANS AB In 1972, the US and Canada committed to restore the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Great Lakes Ecosystem under the first Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. During subsequent amendments, part of the St. Lawrence River at Massena NY, and segments of three tributaries, were designated as one Area of Concern (AOC) due to various beneficial use impairments (BUIs). Plankton beneficial use was designated impaired within this AOC because phytoplankton and zooplankton population data were unavailable or needed "further assessment". Contaminated sediments from industrial waste disposal have been largely remediated, thus, the plankton BUI may currently be obsolete. The St. Lawrence River at Massena AOC remedial action plan established two criteria which may be used to assess the plankton BUI: the second states that, "in the absence of community structure data, plankton bioassays confirm no toxicity impact in ambient waters". This study was implemented during 2011 to determine whether this criterion was achieved. Acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of local waters were quantified seasonally using standardized bioassays with green alga Selenastrum capricornutum and water flea Ceriodaphnia dubia to test the hypothesis that waters from sites within the AOC were no more toxic than were waters from adjacent reference sites. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses confirm that ambient waters from most AOC sites (and seasons) were not toxic to both species. Assuming both test species represent natural plankton assemblages, the quality of surface waters throughout most of this AOC should not seriously impair the health of resident plankton communities. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Duffy, Brian T.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Nally, Christopher J.] Amer Aquat Testing, Allentown, PA 18109 USA. [David, Anthony M.] St Regis Mohawk Tribe, Environm Div, Akwesasne, NY 13655 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov; btduffy@gw.dec.state.ny.us; chrisnally@americanaquatic.net; tony.david@srmt-nsn.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX The authors extend their appreciation to Scott George, Anne G. Ernst, and James Snyder for field support and to Alexander J. Smith for sampling advice. We also thank the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe at Akwesasne for permission to access their lands. Sampling locations and methods used in this manuscript were influenced by discussions with technical advisors from the federal and New York State government, the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, universities, and private consulting firms involved in water quality and biological assessments and in regional RAP committees. This research was supported by funds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 812 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FM UT WOS:000312183100022 ER PT J AU Medalie, L Hirsch, RM Archfield, SA AF Medalie, Laura Hirsch, Robert M. Archfield, Stacey A. TI Use of flow-normalization to evaluate nutrient concentration and flux changes in Lake Champlain tributaries, 1990-2009 (vol 38, pg 58, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Medalie, Laura] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Hirsch, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Medalie, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM lmedalie@usgs.gov; rhirsch@usgs.gov; sarch@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 834 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.08.002 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FM UT WOS:000312183100026 ER PT J AU Douglas, DC Weinzierl, R Davidson, SC Kays, R Wikelski, M Bohrer, G AF Douglas, David C. Weinzierl, Rolf Davidson, Sarah C. Kays, Roland Wikelski, Martin Bohrer, Gil TI Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE accuracy; animal movement; Argos; Douglas Argos-filter; Movebank; satellite telemetry ID SATELLITE TELEMETRY; MOVEMENT DATA; FORAGING ECOLOGY; ELEPHANT SEALS; ACCURACY; GPS; ALGORITHM; SEASON AB The Argos System is used worldwide to satellite-track free-ranging animals, but location errors can range from tens of metres to hundreds of kilometres. Low-quality locations (Argos classes A, 0, B and Z) dominate animal tracking data. Standard-quality animal tracking locations (Argos classes 3, 2 and 1) have larger errors than those reported in Argos manuals. The Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) algorithm flags implausible locations based on user-defined thresholds that allow the algorithm's performance to be tuned to species' movement behaviours and study objectives. The algorithm is available in Movebank a free online infrastructure for storing, managing, sharing and analysing animal movement data. We compared 21,044 temporally paired global positioning system (GPS) locations with Argos location estimates collected from Argos transmitters on free-ranging waterfowl and condors (13 species, 314 individuals, 54,895 animal-tracking days). The 95th error percentiles for unfiltered Argos locations 0, A, B and Z were within 35.8, 59.6, 163.2 and 220.2 km of the true location, respectively. After applying DAF with liberal thresholds, roughly 20% of the class 0 and A locations and 45% of the class B and Z locations were excluded, and the 95th error percentiles were reduced to 17.2, 15.0, 20.9 and 18.6 km for classes 0, A, B and Z, respectively. As thresholds were applied more conservatively, fewer locations were retained, but they possessed higher overall accuracy. Douglas Argos-filter can improve data accuracy by 5090% and is an effective and flexible tool for preparing Argos data for direct biological interpretation or subsequent modelling. C1 [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Davidson, Sarah C.; Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Kays, Roland] N Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. [Kays, Roland] NC State Univ, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wikelski, Martin] Univ Konstanz, DJ-78464 Constance, Germany. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Douglas, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddouglas@usgs.gov RI Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; OI Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540 FU US Geological Survey Ecwosystems/Wildlife Program; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Radolfzell; NASA [NNX11AP61G] FX We thank J. Takekawa and S. Newman for providing the waterfowl tracking data. The condor tracking data were provided by M. Johnson, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge; Pinnacles National Monument; and the Ventana Wildlife Society. We thank S. Oppel, M. Schummer and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Ecosystems/Wildlife Program, the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Radolfzell and NASA grant no. NNX11AP61G. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1007 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056BN UT WOS:000312462000006 ER PT J AU Gopalaswamy, AM Royle, JA Hines, JE Singh, P Jathanna, D Kumar, NS Karanth, KU AF Gopalaswamy, Arjun M. Royle, J. Andrew Hines, James E. Singh, Pallavi Jathanna, Devcharan Kumar, N. Samba Karanth, K. Ullas TI Program SPACECAP: software for estimating animal density using spatially explicit capture-recapture models SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; camera traps; carnivore conservation; carnivore monitoring; density estimation; faecal DNA sampling; hair snares; mark-recapture; marked animals; spatial models ID HIERARCHICAL MODEL; MARKED ANIMALS; CAMERA-TRAP; POPULATION; PARAMETERS; INFERENCE; SURVIVAL AB The advent of spatially explicit capturerecapture models is changing the way ecologists analyse capturerecapture data. However, the advantages offered by these new models are not fully exploited because they can be difficult to implement. To address this need, we developed a user-friendly software package, created within the R programming environment, called SPACECAP. This package implements Bayesian spatially explicit hierarchical models to analyse spatial capturerecapture data. Given that a large number of field biologists prefer software with graphical user interfaces for analysing their data, SPACECAP is particularly useful as a tool to increase the adoption of Bayesian spatially explicit capturerecapture methods in practice. C1 [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Singh, Pallavi; Jathanna, Devcharan; Kumar, N. Samba; Karanth, K. Ullas] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, India. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Singh, Pallavi; Jathanna, Devcharan; Kumar, N. Samba; Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bengaluru 560070, India. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Dept Zool, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Royle, J. Andrew; Hines, James E.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Gopalaswamy, AM (reprint author), Ctr Wildlife Studies, 26-2 Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apt 403, Bengaluru 560042, India. EM arjungswamy@gmail.com OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Wildlife Conservation Society, NY; Government of India (Department of Science Technology); Government of Karnataka (VGST); Clarendon scholarship; Jason Hu scholarship; WWF-Kathryn Fuller scholarship; WCS-Clive Marsh scholarship FX We thank Wildlife Conservation Society, NY, Government of India (Department of Science & Technology) and Government of Karnataka (VGST) for funding support. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS, and Centre for Wildlife Studies provided administrative support. We thank the Clarendon, Jason Hu, WWF-Kathryn Fuller, WCS-Clive Marsh scholarships for supporting the lead author (AMG). Vishal Gokhale, Shreya Dasgupta, Rashmi Bhat, Sumanta Mukherjee, and Deepthi Bharadwaj provided programming assistance. We thank Mohan Delampady for statistical advice. We thank Raghavendra Mogaroy for testing the software on many capture-recapture data sets. We thank Krithi Karanth, two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their suggestions to significantly improve this manuscript and the software application. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1072 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00241.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056BN UT WOS:000312462000014 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Rodriguez, DT AF Dorazio, Robert M. Rodriguez, Daniel Taylor TI A Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Markov chain Monte Carlo; probit regression; proportion of area occupied; species distribution model; species occurrence ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; MODELS; CONFIDENCE; SPACE; RATES AB 1. A Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data containing covariates of species occurrence and species detection probabilities is usually completed using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in conjunction with software programs that can implement those methods for any statistical model, not just site-occupancy models. Although these software programs are quite flexible, considerable experience is often required to specify a model and to initialize the Markov chain so that summaries of the posterior distribution can be estimated efficiently and accurately. 2. As an alternative to these programs, we develop a Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data that include covariates of species occurrence and species detection probabilities. This Gibbs sampler is based on a class of site-occupancy models in which probabilities of species occurrence and detection are specified as probit-regression functions of site- and survey-specific covariate measurements. 3. To illustrate the Gibbs sampler, we analyse site-occupancy data of the blue hawker, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata, Aeshnidae), a common dragonfly species in Switzerland. Our analysis includes a comparison of results based on Bayesian and classical (non-Bayesian) methods of inference. We also provide code (based on the R software program) for conducting Bayesian and classical analyses of site-occupancy data. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Rodriguez, Daniel Taylor] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov RI Taylor Rodriguez, Daniel/C-2916-2017 OI Taylor Rodriguez, Daniel/0000-0002-2959-0281 FU FOEN FX The blue hawker dataset was kindly provided by Marc Kery and authorized for use by the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring program of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). The Swiss dragonfly Red List project, for which data were collected in 1999 and 2000, was funded by the FOEN. Data were extracted from the database of the Centre suisse de cartographie de la faune (CSCF) by the project coordinator, Christian Monnerat. The review comments of Bill Link and two anonymous referees improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00237.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056BN UT WOS:000312462000018 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Du, YZ Liu, XF He, ZM Yang, LM AF Zhang Jia-hua Du Yu-zhang Liu Xu-feng He Zhen-ming Yang Li-min TI Progress in Leaf Area Index Retrieval Based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Retrieval Models SO SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS LA Chinese DT Article DE Hyperspectral remote sensing; LAI; Retrieval model; Error ID VEGETATION INDEXES; PROBA/CHRIS DATA; LAI; FOREST AB The leaf area index (LAI) is a very important parameter affecting land-atmosphere exchanges in land surface processes; LAI is one of the basic feature parameters of canopy structure, and one of the most important biophysical parameters for modeling ecosystem processes such as carbon and water fluxes. Remote sensing provides the only feasible option for mapping LAI continuously over landscapes, but existing methodologies have significant limitations. To detect LAI accurately and quickly is one of tasks in the ecological and agricultural crop yield estimation study, etc. Emerging hyperspectral remote sensing sensor and techniques can complement existing ground-based measurement of LAI. Spatially explicit measurements of LAI extracted from hyperspectral remotely sensed data are component necessary for simulation of ecological variables and processes. This paper firstly summarized LAI retrieval method based on different level hyperspectral remote sensing platform (i.e., airborne, satellite-borne and ground-based); and secondly different kinds of retrieval model were summed up both at home and abroad in recent years by using hyperspectral remote sensing data; and finally the direction of future development of LAI remote sensing inversion was analyzed. C1 [Zhang Jia-hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Du Yu-zhang] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geometr, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Zhang Jia-hua; Liu Xu-feng; He Zhen-ming] Yangtze Univ, Jinzhou 434023, Peoples R China. [Yang Li-min] USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhang, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM jhzhangcma@gmail.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU OFFICE SPECTROSCOPY & SPECTRAL ANALYSIS PI BEIJING PA NO 76 COLLAGE SOUTH RD BEIJING, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0593 J9 SPECTROSC SPECT ANAL JI Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3319 EP 3323 DI 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)12-3319-05 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 054NQ UT WOS:000312350900033 ER PT J AU Judge, SW Gaudioso, JM Gorresen, PM Camp, RJ AF Judge, Seth W. Gaudioso, Jacqueline M. Gorresen, P. Marcos Camp, Richard J. TI REOCCURRENCE OF 'OMA'O IN LEEWARD WOODLAND HABITAT AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN ALPINE HABITAT ON HAWAI'I ISLAND SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYADESTES-PALMERI; FOREST BIRDS; RESPONSES; PUAIOHI AB The endemic solitaire, 'Oma'o (Myadestes obscurus), is common in windward forests of Hawaii Island, but has been historically extirpated from leeward forests. The last detections of Oma'o on the leeward side of the island were in woodland habitat on the western flank of Mauna Loa in 1978. Oma'o were detected in woodland habitat in relatively low densities during a 2010 forest bird survey of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The source of the population is unknown. It is probable they originated from a documented but unsurveyed population of 'Oma'o in scrub alpine lava. Alternatively, the birds may have persisted undetected for nearly 35 years, or expanded from windward mesic forests on southeast Mauna Loa. There is no evidence 'Oma'o recolonized the wet mesic forests of leeward Mauna Loa. The 'Oma'o can occupy diverse native habitats compared to other species in the Hawai'i Myadestes genus, of which most species are now extinct. The connectivity of each population is not understood but we assume there are significant geographic, physiological, and behavioral barriers for scrub alpine and wet mesic forest populations. The expansion of 'Oma'o to leeward woodlands is encouraging as the species is Hawaii Island's last native frugivore capable of dispersing small and medium sized seeds of rare angiosperms, and could have an important role in re-establishing ecosystem function. Received 27 February 2012. Accepted 28 June 2012. C1 [Judge, Seth W.; Gaudioso, Jacqueline M.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Pacific Isl Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Gorresen, P. Marcos; Camp, Richard J.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Gaudioso, Jacqueline M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Judge, SW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Pacific Isl Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, 200 W Kawili, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM sjudge@hawaii.edu OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU National Park Service [H8080090008] FX We thank T. K. Pratt and F. R. Warshauer for discussions on 'Oma'o distribution and the scrub alpine population. We thank G. M. Kudray, K. L. Kozar, and C. J. Nash of the Pacific Island Network Inventory and Monitoring Program. We thank R. K. Loh, H. M. Hoshide, and A. W. Ramos of the Resource Management Division of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for site permission and logistical support. We also thank B. H. Hsu, N. C. Chatterson, C. M. JCILSOI1, and J. X. Wu for contributions in the field. We thank P. J. Hart, T. K. Pratt, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This project was conducted under a cooperative agreement between the University of Hawaii at Hilo (Hawaii-Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit), the U. S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service, Cooperative Agreement Number H8080090008. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 675 EP 681 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 053PU UT WOS:000312285900002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Matsuoka, SM Tessler, DF Greenberg, R Fox, JW AF Johnson, James A. Matsuoka, Steven M. Tessler, David F. Greenberg, Russell Fox, James W. TI IDENTIFYING MIGRATORY PATHWAYS USED BY RUSTY BLACKBIRDS BREEDING IN SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SONGBIRD MIGRATION; CONNECTIVITY; TECHNOLOGY; GEOLOCATOR; TRACKING; DECLINE; MOLT AB We placed light-level geolocators on 17 Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) in 2009 to track their migrations from nest sites near Anchorage, Alaska to wintering areas and back. We recaptured three of these birds in 2010 and found they departed breeding areas during the first half of September, spent 72-84 days migrating to overwintering areas, but only 16-30 days on their northward migration to Alaska. Birds took similar Central Flyway routes on southward and northward migrations, which were not previously described for this species. The birds used a series of stopover sites across the prairie region from southern Saskatchewan to Iowa over a 4 to 5 week period on their southward migration to wintering areas that spanned from South Dakota to northern Louisiana. We found upon recapture in 2010, the geolocator attachment harnesses had abraded the surrounding feathers on all three birds. This coupled with the low return rate (18%) for instrumented birds indicates a better harness method must be developed before this technology is more widely used on Rusty Blackbirds. Received 8 February 2012. Accepted 19 June 2012. C1 [Johnson, James A.; Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tessler, David F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Div Program, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fox, James W.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Fox, James W.] Migrate Technol Ltd, Cambridge CB1 0QY, England. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jim_a_johnson@fws.gov FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Nongame Program; U.S. Department of Defense's Legacy Natural Resources Program; Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management (Region 7) FX We are grateful to Niels Dau, Luke DeCicco, Larry Hoare, Russ Oates, Lisa Pajot, Marian Snively, Kim Trust, and Jen Wiley for assistance in the field. Herman Griese and Chris McKee of the Department of Defense provided access to study areas on Elmendorf Air Force Base and the U.S. Army's Fort Richardson, respectively. We appreciate the helpful comments of Brad Andres, Clait Braun, Jesse Conklin, and an anonymous reviewer that improved earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Nongame Program, the U.S. Department of Defense's Legacy Natural Resources Program, the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management (Region 7). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 64 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 698 EP 703 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 053PU UT WOS:000312285900005 ER PT J AU Vilella, FJ Nimitz, WF AF Vilella, Francisco J. Nimitz, Wyatt F. TI SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF THE RED-TAILED HAWK IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO RICO SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION STATUS; EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PREY ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; RAPTORS; ISLANDS; TERRITORIES; VERTEBRATES AB The Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a top predator of upland ecosystems in the Greater Antilles. Little information exists on the ecology of the insular forms of this widely distributed species. We studied movements and resource use of the Red-tailed Hawk from 2000 to 2002 in the montane forests of northeastern Puerto Rico. We captured 32 and used 21 radio-marked Red-tailed Hawks to delineate home range, core area shifts, and macrohabitat use in the Luquillo Mountains. Red-tailed Hawks in the Luquillo Mountains frequently perched near the top of canopy emergent trees and were characterized by wide-ranging capabilities and extensive spatial overlap. Home range size averaged 5.022.6 +/- 832.1 ha (305-11,288 ha) and core areas averaged 564.8 +/- 90.7 ha (150-1,230 ha). This species had large mean weekly movements (3,286.2 +/- 348.5 in) and a preference for roadside habitats. Our findings suggest fragmentation of contiguous forest outside protected areas in Puerto Rico may benefit the Red-tailed Hawk. Received 28 February 2012. Accepted 21 May 2012. C1 [Vilella, Francisco J.; Nimitz, Wyatt F.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USDA Forest Service; Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources; USGS Biological Resources FX We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Forest Service, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, and USGS Biological Resources for financial and logistic support. We thank K. A. Jacobson and M. M. Rivera for field assistance. We are indebted to the USDA Forest Service's International Institute of Tropical Forestry for access to climate data and digital land cover. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. Animal capture and handling procedures were conducted under permits EPE-010 from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, USGS Bird Banding Laboratory Master Station Permit # 22456, and protocol # 00-093 of the Mississippi State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 758 EP 766 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 053PU UT WOS:000312285900013 ER PT J AU Kramer, GR Chalfoun, AD AF Kramer, Gunnar R. Chalfoun, Anna D. TI Growth Rate and Relocation Movements of Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Nestlings in Relation to Age SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREEDING BIOLOGY AB Relocation by dependent young is a survival strategy that occurs among a wide ranee of taxa. The Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) lays its eggs on bare substrate and, once hatched, nestlings may relocate to new sites daily. We located and monitored eight Common Nighthawk nests in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, quantified inter-use-site distances in relation to nestling age, and calculated a nestling growth rate curve. Common Nighthawk nestlings grow in a nearly linear fashion. Nestlings moved up to 48 m in a single day and larger, older nestlings tended to move greater distances between daily use-sites. Received 2 December 2011. Accepted 25 June 2012. C1 [Kramer, Gunnar R.; Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Kramer, GR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gunnarrkramer@gmail.com FU National Park Service; University of Wyoming; University of Wyoming's Institutional Animal Care and Use [A-3216-01] FX We express our deep gratitude to members of the Chalfoun Laboratory for support at all stages of this project. Funding for GRK during summer 2010 was provided by a National Park Service Grant to ADC. GRK thanks the University of Wyoming Honors Program for providing a generous scholarship during this study. We thank C. E. Braun, R. M. Brigham, C. P. Woods, and C. Martinez Del Rio for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Our study was performed under the auspices of the University of Wyoming's Institutional Animal Care and Use protocol # A-3216-01. A short video of the nestling movement event is posted at Imp://www.youtube.com/watclf7v=1R_z1v86Kr4. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 4 BP 793 EP 797 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 053PU UT WOS:000312285900018 ER PT J AU Lowenstern, JB Bleick, H Vazquez, JA Castro, JM Larson, PB AF Lowenstern, Jacob B. Bleick, Heather Vazquez, Jorge A. Castro, Jonathan M. Larson, Peter B. TI Degassing of Cl, F, Li, and Be during extrusion and crystallization of the rhyolite dome at Volcan Chaiten, Chile during 2008 and 2009 SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorine; Halogens; Fluorine; Lithium; Beryllium; Be; F; Li; Cl; Rhyolite; Volatility; Degassing ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; HEKLA ERUPTION; SILICIC LAVAS; MAGMA; MELTS; CHLORIDE; MONTSERRAT; CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS AB We investigated the distribution of Cl, F, Li, and Be in pumices, obsidians, and crystallized dome rocks at Chait,n volcano in 2008-2009 in order to explore the behavior of these elements during explosive and effusive volcanic activity. Electron and ion microprobe analyses of matrix and inclusion glasses from pumice, obsidian, and microlite-rich dome rock indicate that Cl and other elements were lost primarily during crystallization of the rhyolitic dome after it had approached the surface. Glass in pumice and microlite-free obsidian has 888 +/- 121 ppm Cl, whereas residual glass in evolved microlite-rich dome rock generally retains less Cl (as low as < 100 ppm). Estimated Cl losses were likely > 0.7 Mt Cl, with a potential maximum of 1.8 Mt for the entire 0.8-km(3) dome. Elemental variations reflect an integrated bulk distribution ratio for Cl > 1.7 (1.7 times more Cl was degassed or incorporated into crystals than remained in the melt). Because Cl is lost dominantly as the very last H2O is degassed, and Cl is minimally (if at all) partitioned into microlites, the integrated vapor/melt distribution ratio for Cl exceeds 200 (200 times more Cl in the evolved vapor than in the melt). Cl is likely lost as HCl, which is readily partitioned into magmatic vapor at low pressure. Cl loss is accelerated by the change in the composition of the residual melt due to microlite growth. Cl loss also may be affected by open-system gas fluxing. Integrated vapor-melt distribution ratios for Li, F, and Be all exceed 1,000. On degassing, an unknown fraction of these volatiles could be immediately dissolved in rainwater. C1 [Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Bleick, Heather; Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Castro, Jonathan M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Larson, Peter B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lowenstern, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlwnstrn@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program FX John Pallister organized the collaborative field excursion with SERNAGEOMIN. Luis Lara and Hugo Moreno provided field logistics and insight into the stratigraphy of the eruptive products and timing of the volcanic events. Manuel Nathenson assisted with statistical analysis. Robert Oscarson generously aided with electron microprobe and microscope imaging and analysis. Heather Wright helped with the Image J analysis. We appreciate helpful reviews by C. Bacon and J. Pallister for the USGS and R. Botcharnikov and an anonymous reviewer for Bulletin of Volcanology. The work was funded by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 74 IS 10 BP 2303 EP 2319 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0663-4 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 050NK UT WOS:000312060000007 ER PT J AU Orr, TR Rea, JC AF Orr, Tim R. Rea, James C. TI Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu'u 'O'o, Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pu'u '(O)over-bar'(o)over-bar, K(i)over-barlauea; Hawai'i; Gas piston; Gas slug ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; STROMBOLIAN ERUPTIONS; EREBUS VOLCANO; PUU OO; HAWAII; KUPAIANAHA; INSIGHTS; EPISODES; FLOWS; ARRAY AB Gas pistoning is a type of eruptive behavior described first at KA << lauea volcano and characterized by the (commonly) cyclic rise and fall of the lava surface within a volcanic vent or lava lake. Though recognized for decades, its cause continues to be debated, and determining why and when it occurs has important implications for understanding vesiculation and outgassing processes at basaltic volcanoes. Here, we describe gas piston activity that occurred at the Pu'u 'AOE'Ai cone, in KA << lauea's east rift zone, during June 2006. Direct, detailed measurements of lava level, made from time-lapse camera images captured at close range, show that the gas pistons during the study period lasted from 2 to 60 min, had volumes ranging from 14 to 104 m(3), displayed a slowing rise rate of the lava surface, and had an average gas release duration of 49 s. Our data are inconsistent with gas pistoning models that invoke gas slug rise or a dynamic pressure balance but are compatible with models which appeal to gas accumulation and loss near the top of the lava column, possibly through the generation and collapse of a foam layer. C1 [Orr, Tim R.; Rea, James C.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Orr, Tim R.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Orr, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM torr@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 74 IS 10 BP 2353 EP 2362 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 050NK UT WOS:000312060000010 ER PT J AU Steven, B Gallegos-Graves, L Yeager, CM Belnap, J Evans, RD Kuske, CR AF Steven, Blaire Gallegos-Graves, La Verne Yeager, Chris M. Belnap, Jayne Evans, R. David Kuske, Cheryl R. TI Dryland biological soil crust cyanobacteria show unexpected decreases in abundance under long-term elevated CO2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOJAVE DESERT ECOSYSTEM; COLORADO PLATEAU; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; INCREASED TEMPERATURE; SUCCESSIONAL STAGES; ELEMENTAL RATIOS; ENRICHMENT FACE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) cover soil surfaces in many drylands globally. The impacts of 10 years of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the cyanobacteria in biocrusts of an arid shrubland were examined at a large manipulated experiment in Nevada, USA. Cyanobacteria-specific quantitative PCR surveys of cyanobacteria small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes suggested a reduction in biocrust cyanobacterial biomass in the elevated CO2 treatment relative to the ambient controls. Additionally, SSU rRNA gene libraries and shotgun metagenomes showed reduced representation of cyanobacteria in the total microbial community. Taxonomic composition of the cyanobacteria was similar under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions, indicating the decline was manifest across multiple cyanobacterial lineages. Recruitment of cyanobacteria sequences from replicate shotgun metagenomes to cyanobacterial genomes representing major biocrust orders also suggested decreased abundance of cyanobacteria sequences across the majority of genomes tested. Functional assignment of cyanobacteria-related shotgun metagenome sequences indicated that four subsystem categories, three related to oxidative stress, were differentially abundant in relation to the elevated CO2 treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated CO2 affected a generalized decrease in cyanobacteria in the biocrusts and may have favoured cyanobacteria with altered gene inventories for coping with oxidative stress. C1 [Steven, Blaire; Gallegos-Graves, La Verne; Yeager, Chris M.; Kuske, Cheryl R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Serv, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Evans, R. David] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov RI Steven, Blaire/E-5295-2012 OI Steven, Blaire/0000-0001-5940-2432 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Biological and Environmental Sciences Division, through a Science Focus Area grant [2009LANLF260]; DOE Joint Genome Institute through a Community Sequencing Program grant; DOE Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program [DE-FG02-03ER63650, DEFG02-03ER63651] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Biological and Environmental Sciences Division, through a Science Focus Area grant to C. R. K. (2009LANLF260). The 454 Titanium sequencing was provided by the DOE Joint Genome Institute through a Community Sequencing Program grant to C. R. K. The authors wish to thank Yvonne Rogers and Shannon Silva for excellent technical support; Lynne Fenstermaker, Robert Nowak and Stan Smith for access to the NDFF FACE site; and Shannon Johnson, Travis Carney and Rachel Wise for sample collection. The authors gratefully acknowledge the DOE Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program for operation of the Nevada Desert FACE facility (DE-FG02-03ER63650, DEFG02-03ER63651), and the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration for providing utility services and undisturbed land at the Nevada National Security Site (formerly Nevada Test Site) to conduct the FACE experiment. This is LANL unclassified report LA-UR 12-20690. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3247 EP 3258 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12011 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 051VL UT WOS:000312155800013 PM 23116182 ER PT J AU Burruss, RC Slepkov, AD Pegoraro, AF Stolow, A AF Burruss, Robert C. Slepkov, Aaron D. Pegoraro, Adrian F. Stolow, Albert TI Unraveling the complexity of deep gas accumulations with three-dimensional multimodal CARS microscopy SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; BASIN GAS; INSIGHTS; CARBON; QUARTZ; OIL AB The origin of natural gas accumulations in thermally mature basins is poorly understood. Unraveling complex contributions from hydrocarbon cracking, mixing, redox alteration, and deeper sources requires analysis of gases trapped during specific periods of basin history. Fluid inclusions can provide such samples, but their unambiguous characterization is challenging. Here we show that three-dimensional (3-D) multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy of geologic materials allows mapping and molecular identification of trapped methane and water using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, imaging of crystallographic features using second harmonic generation, and identification of higher hydrocarbons using two-photon excited fluorescence. Spatially resolved, molecule-specific characterization of fluid inclusions will improve models of natural gas generation, migration, and accumulation. We believe that these broadly applicable methods will potentially transform the characterization of geological materials. C1 [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pegoraro, Adrian F.; Stolow, Albert] Natl Res Council Canada, Emerging Technol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Pegoraro, Adrian F.; Stolow, Albert] Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Slepkov, Aaron D.] Trent Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Burruss, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM burruss@usgs.gov; Albert.Stolow@nrc-cnrc.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support. Burruss acknowledges support of the Eastern Energy Resources Science Center Director, James L. Coleman (U.S. Geological Survey). Mark Evans and David Vanko contributed samples. We thank Robert Bodnar (Virginia Tech) and Dennis Klug (National Research Council of Canada, NRC) for their insight and encouragement, Marcus Cicerone (National Institute of Standards and Technology) for the Raman retrieval algorithm, Andrew Ridsdale and Douglas Moffatt (NRC) for fruitful discussions and assistance in data processing, and Julien Bourdet for a thorough review. Use of commercial trade names is for information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the United States or Canadian governments. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 33 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1063 EP 1066 DI 10.1130/G33321.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 046BE UT WOS:000311739700006 ER PT J AU Skinner, JA Tanaka, KL Platz, T AF Skinner, James A., Jr. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Platz, Thomas TI Widespread loess-like deposit in the Martian northern lowlands identifies Middle Amazonian climate change SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE; MARS; EVOLUTION AB Consistently mappable units critical to distinguishing the style and interplay of geologic processes through time are sparse in the Martian lowlands. This study identifies a previously unmapped Middle Amazonian (ca. 1 Ga) unit (Middle Amazonian lowland unit, mAl) that postdates the Late Hesperian and Early Amazonian lowland plains by >2 b.y. The unit is regionally defined by subtle marginal scarps and slopes, has a mean thickness of 32 m, and extends >3.1 x 10(6) km(2) between lat 35 degrees N and 80 degrees N. Pedestal-type craterforms and nested, arcuate ridges (thumbprint terrain) tend to occur adjacent to unit mAl outcrops, suggesting that current outcrops are vestiges of a more extensive deposit that previously covered similar to 16 x 10(6) km(2). Exposed layers, surface pits, and the draping of subjacent landforms allude to a sedimentary origin, perhaps as a loess-like deposit emplaced rhythmically through atmospheric fallout. We propose that unit mAl accumulated coevally with, and at the expense of, the erosion of the north polar basal units, identifying a major episode of Middle Amazonian climate-driven sedimentation in the lowlands. This work links ancient sedimentary processes to climate change that occurred well before those implied by current orbital and spin axis models. C1 [Skinner, James A., Jr.; Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Platz, Thomas] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Skinner, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; Skinner, James/M-7966-2014 OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; FU NASA [NNH09AL8I]; Helmholtz Association; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [PL613/1-1] FX Reviews by Olivier Bourgeois and Brian Hynek, and comments from J. Dohm, C. Dundas, C. Fortezzo, J. Hagerty, R. Irwin, C. Okubo, and P. Umhoefer significantly improved the content and scope of this paper. This work was supported by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics (PGG) Program NNH09AL8I (Tanaka) and the Helmholtz Association and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft travel grant PL613/1-1 (Platz). NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2012 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1127 EP 1130 DI 10.1130/G33513.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 046BE UT WOS:000311739700022 ER PT J AU Voss, CI Duncan, SM AF Voss, Clifford I. Duncan, Sue M. TI Editors' message: Online re-publication of legacy articles on the occasion of Hydrogeology Journal's 20th anniversary, 1992-2012 SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Hydrogeology Journal; History of hydrogeology C1 [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Duncan, Sue M.] Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Reading RG8 6BJ, Berks, England. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov; sduncan@iah.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1433 EP 1439 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0928-1 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 050RT UT WOS:000312072400001 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Ault, TR Cook, BI Betancourt, JL Schwartz, MD AF McCabe, Gregory J. Ault, Toby R. Cook, Benjamin I. Betancourt, Julio L. Schwartz, Mark D. TI Influences of the El Nino Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the timing of the North American spring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spring; phenology; ENSO; PDO ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE INDEXES; VARIABILITY; PHENOLOGY; IMPACTS; WINTER; WEATHER; PRECIPITATION AB Detrended, modelled first leaf dates for 856 sites across North America for the period 19002008 are used to examine how the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) separately and together might influence the timing of spring. Although spring (mean March through April) ENSO and PDO signals are apparent in first leaf dates, the signals are not statistically significant (at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05)) for most sites. The most significant ENSO/PDO signal in first leaf dates occurs for El Nino and positive PDO conditions. An analysis of the spatial distributions of first leaf dates for separate and combined ENSO/PDO conditions features a northwestsoutheast dipole that is significantly (at p < 0.05) different than the distributions for neutral conditions. The nature of the teleconnection between Pacific SST's and first leaf dates is evident in comparable composites for detrended sea level pressure (SLP) in the spring months. During positive ENSO/PDO, there is an anomalous flow of warm air from the southwestern US into the northwestern US and an anomalous northeasterly flow of cold air from polar regions into the eastern and southeastern US. These flow patterns are reversed during negative ENSO/PDO. Although the magnitudes of first leaf date departures are not necessarily significantly related to ENSO and PDO, the spatial patterns of departures are significantly related to ENSO and PDO. These significant relations and the long-lived persistence of SSTs provide a potential tool for forecasting the tendencies for first leaf dates to be early or late. Copyright (c) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ault, Toby R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cook, Benjamin I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov RI Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; USA-National Phenology Network; Research Coordination Network grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-0639794] FX This work was conducted as a part of the 'Forecasting Phenology: Integrating Ecology, Climatology, and Phylogeny to Understand Plant Responses to Climate Change' Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, which is funded by NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Additional support was also provided by the USA-National Phenology Network, supported by a Research Coordination Network grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant IOS-0639794). NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 32 IS 15 BP 2301 EP 2310 DI 10.1002/joc.3400 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 050DU UT WOS:000312033900004 ER PT J AU Koch, ED AF Koch, Edward D. TI JUVENILE GOLDEN EAGLE (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) DROPS ROCK NEAR DUSKY GROUSE (DENDRAGAPUS OBSCURUS) SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Koch, ED (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1340 Financial Blvd, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM ted_koch@fws.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047VD UT WOS:000311868700010 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Nevers, MB Korajkic, A Staley, ZR Harwood, VJ AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Nevers, Meredith B. Korajkic, Asja Staley, Zachery R. Harwood, Valerie J. TI Enterococci in the Environment SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; SURFACE PROTEIN ESP; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; MARINE PHAGOTROPHIC PROTOZOA C1 [Staley, Zachery R.; Harwood, Valerie J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Nevers, Meredith B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. [Korajkic, Asja] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Harwood, VJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM vharwood@usf.edu OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Research Priorities Plan FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here; it has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Research Priorities Plan. NR 366 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 111 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 EI 1098-5557 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 685 EP 706 DI 10.1128/MMBR.00023-12 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 048FH UT WOS:000311895200001 PM 23204362 ER PT J AU Hill, NJ Takekawa, JY Ackerman, JT Hobson, KA Herring, G Cardona, CJ Runstadler, JA Boyce, WM AF Hill, Nichola J. Takekawa, John Y. Ackerman, Joshua T. Hobson, Keith A. Herring, Garth Cardona, Carol J. Runstadler, Jonathan A. Boyce, Walter M. TI Migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal migration; Pacific Flyway; pathogen transmission; stable isotopes; waterfowl ID RESIDENT DUCKS; A VIRUSES; COASTAL LOUISIANA; ANIMAL MIGRATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; ANNUAL CYCLE; WILD BIRDS; INFECTION; WATERFOWL AB Studies of pathogen transmission typically overlook that wildlife hosts can include both migrant and resident populations when attempting to model circulation. Through the application of stable isotopes in flight feathers, we estimated the migration strategy of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) occurring on California wintering grounds. Our study demonstrates that mallards- a principal host of avian influenza virus (AIV) in nature, contribute differently to virus gene flow depending on migration strategy. No difference in AIV prevalence was detected between resident (9.6%), intermediate-distance (9.6%) and long-distance migrants (7.4%). Viral diversity among the three groups was also comparable, possibly owing to viral pool mixing when birds converge at wetlands during winter. However, migrants and residents contributed differently to the virus gene pool at wintering wetlands. Migrants introduced virus from northern breeding grounds (Alaska and the NW Pacific Rim) into the wintering population, facilitating gene flow at continental scales, but circulation of imported virus appeared to be limited. In contrast, resident mallards acted as AIV reservoirs facilitating year-round circulation of limited subtypes (i.e. H5N2) at lower latitudes. This study supports a model of virus exchange in temperate regions driven by the convergence of wild birds with separate geographic origins and exposure histories. C1 [Hill, Nichola J.; Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hill, Nichola J.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Hill, Nichola J.; Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herring, Garth] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Boyce, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wmboyce@ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN266200700009C]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Region FX This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (contracts HHSN266200700007C and HHSN266200700009C) and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Region. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We thank staff at UC Davis including Julie Nelson for assistance with waterfowl sampling, and Nichole Anchell, Nguyet Dao, Tracey Goldstein, LeAnn Lindsay and Magdalena Plancarte for laboratory analysis. At the USGS, we thank Annie Shultz, Kyle Spragens and Brittany Wensky for help with sampling waterfowl. Our thanks to staff at Sacramento NWR, in particular Michael Wolder, Kevin Foerster and Greg Mensik. Owners of Conaway Ranch Duck Club granted permission to collect samples with particular thanks to Mike Hall, the Wildlife Manager of Conaway Ranch and Preservation Group. Steven Van Wilgenburg at Environment Canada assisted with statistical analysis. We thank Ken Richkus, Robert Trost and the staff at the Pacific Flyway Wingbee for ageing duck wings from California. NR 69 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 24 BP 5986 EP 5999 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05735.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 051SI UT WOS:000312147300008 PM 22971007 ER PT J AU Personius, SF DuRoss, CB Crone, AJ AF Personius, Stephen F. DuRoss, Christopher B. Crone, Anthony J. TI Holocene Behavior of the Brigham City Segment: Implications for Forecasting the Next Large-Magnitude Earthquake on the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLEISTOCENE LAKE BONNEVILLE; SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; 1983 BORAH-PEAK; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; MECHANICAL MODELS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; RUPTURE LENGTH; RANGE PROVINCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEBER-SEGMENT AB The Brigham City segment (BCS), the northernmost Holocene-active segment of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), is considered a likely location for the next big earthquake in northern Utah. We refine the timing of the last four surface-rupturing (similar to M-w 7) earthquakes at several sites near Brigham City (BE1, 2430 +/- 250; BE2, 3490 +/- 180; BE3, 4510 +/- 530; and BE4, 5610 +/- 650 cal yr B. P.) and calculate mean recurrence intervals (1060-1500 yr) that are greatly exceeded by the elapsed time (similar to 2500 yr) since the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake (MRE). An additional rupture observed at the Pearsons Canyon site (PC1, 1240 +/- 50 cal yr B. P.) near the southern segment boundary is probably spillover rupture from a large earthquake on the adjacent Weber segment. Our seismic moment calculations show that the PC1 rupture reduced accumulated moment on the BCS about 22%, a value that may have been enough to postpone the next large earthquake. However, our calculations suggest that the segment currently has accumulated more than twice the moment accumulated in the three previous earthquake cycles, so we suspect that additional interactions with the adjacent Weber segment contributed to the long elapse time since the MRE on the BCS. Our moment calculations indicate that the next earthquake is not only overdue, but could be larger than the previous four earthquakes. Displacement data show higher rates of latest Quaternary slip (similar to 1.3 mm/yr) along the southern two-thirds of the segment. The northern third likely has experienced fewer or smaller ruptures, which suggests to us that most earthquakes initiate at the southern segment boundary. C1 [Personius, Stephen F.; Crone, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [DuRoss, Christopher B.] Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM personius@usgs.gov FU Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Utah Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Utah Geological Survey. The report was improved by comments from USGS reviewer Ryan Gold, BSSA reviewer Phil Pearthree and an anonymous reviewer, and BSSA Associate Editor Kelvin Berryman. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2265 EP 2281 DI 10.1785/0120110214 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000001 ER PT J AU Ryan, HF Conrad, JE Paull, CK McGann, M AF Ryan, H. F. Conrad, J. E. Paull, C. K. McGann, M. TI Slip Rate on the San Diego Trough Fault Zone, Inner California Borderland, and the 1986 Oceanside Earthquake Swarm Revisited SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; DYNAMICS; HAZARDS; COASTAL; MODELS AB The San Diego trough fault zone (SDTFZ) is part of a 90-km-wide zone of faults within the inner California Borderland that accommodates motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Along with most faults offshore southern California, the slip rate and paleoseismic history of the SDTFZ are unknown. We present new seismic reflection data that show that the fault zone steps across a 5-km-wide stepover to continue for an additional 60 km north of its previously mapped extent. The 1986 Oceanside earthquake swarm is located within the 20-km-long restraining stepover. Farther north, at the latitude of Santa Catalina Island, the SDTFZ bends 20 degrees to the west and may be linked via a complex zone of folds with the San Pedro basin fault zone (SPBFZ). In a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), we measure and date the coseismic offset of a submarine channel that intersects the fault zone near the SDTFZ-SPBFZ junction. We estimate a horizontal slip rate of about 1.5 +/- 0.3 mm/yr over the past 12,270 yr. C1 [Ryan, H. F.; Conrad, J. E.; McGann, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Paull, C. K.] Monterey Bay Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hryan@usgs.gov FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support for this work. Special thanks are given to the crews of the R/V Zephyr and R/V Western Flyer, the MBARI automated underwater vehicle (AUV) Operations Group, and the MBARI remotely operated vehicle (ROV) pilots. We also thank Dave Caress, Krystle Anderson, and Eve Lundsten for assistance with the multibeam data collection and/or processing. Special thanks also go to the captain and crew for several cruises on the USGS R/V Snavely to collect minisparker and chirp data. In particular, Ray Sliter was instrumental in the collection and processing of the reflection data. Special thanks also go to the staff at the National Ocean Sciences accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the exceptionally quick turnaround of the 14C data. We also thank Danny Brothers, Chloe Peterson, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments, which significantly improved this paper. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2300 EP 2312 DI 10.1785/0120110317 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000003 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI Dynamic Stresses, Coulomb Failure, and Remote Triggering-Corrected SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL ERUPTIONS; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA; ALASKA; FLUID; EXAMPLES; LANDERS AB Dynamic stresses associated with crustal surface waves with 15-30 s periods and peak amplitudes < 1 MPa are capable of triggering seismicity at sites remote from the generating mainshock under appropriate conditions. Coulomb failure models based on a frictional strength threshold offer one explanation for instances of rapid-onset triggered seismicity that develop during the surface-wave peak dynamic stressing. Evaluation of the triggering potential of surface-wave dynamic stresses acting on critically stressed faults using a Mohr's circle representation together with the Coulomb failure criteria indicates that Love waves should have a higher triggering potential than Rayleigh waves for most fault orientations and wave incidence angles. That (1) the onset of triggered seismicity often appears to begin during the Rayleigh wave rather than the earlier arriving Love wave, and (2) Love-wave amplitudes typically exceed those for Rayleigh waves suggests that the explanation for rapid-onset dynamic triggering may not reside solely with a simple static-threshold friction mode. The results also indicate that normal faults should be more susceptible to dynamic triggering by 20-s Rayleigh-wave stresses than thrust faults in the shallow seismogenic crust (< 10 km) while the advantage tips in favor of reverse faults greater depths. This transition depth scales with wavelength and coincides roughly with the transition from retrograde-to-prograde particle motion. Locally elevated pore pressures may have a role in the observed prevalence of dynamic triggering in extensional regimes and geothermal/volcanic systems. The result is consistent with the apparent elevated susceptibility of extensional or transtensional tectonic regimes to remote triggering by Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses than compressional or transpressional regimes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hill@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2313 EP 2336 DI 10.1785/0120120085 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000004 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI Surface-Wave Potential for Triggering Tectonic (Nonvolcanic) Tremor-Corrected SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EPISODIC TREMOR; PORE PRESSURE; EARTHQUAKE; BENEATH; SLIP; ZONES AB Source processes commonly posed to explain instances of remote dynamic triggering of tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor by surface waves include frictional failure and various modes of fluid activation. The relative potential for Love-and Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses to trigger tectonic tremor through failure on critically stressed thrust and vertical strike-slip faults under the Coulomb-Griffith failure criteria as a function of incidence angle are anticorrelated over the 15- to 30-km-depth range that hosts tectonic tremor. Love-wave potential is high for strike-parallel incidence on low-angle reverse faults and null for strike-normal incidence; the opposite holds for Rayleigh waves. Love-wave potential is high for both strike-parallel and strike-normal incidence on vertical, strike-slip faults and minimal for similar to 45 degrees incidence angles. The opposite holds for Rayleigh waves. This pattern is consistent with documented instances of tremor triggered by Love waves incident on the Cascadia megathrust and the San Andreas fault (SAF) in central California resulting from shear failure on weak faults (apparent friction is mu* = 0.2). Documented instances of tremor triggered by surface waves with strike-parallel incidence along the Nankai megathrust beneath Shikoku, Japan, however, are associated primarily with Rayleigh waves. This is consistent with the tremor bursts resulting from mixed-mode failure (crack opening and shear failure) facilitated by near-lithostatic ambient pore pressure, low differential stress, with a moderate friction coefficient (mu similar to 0.6) on the Nankai subduction interface. Rayleigh-wave dilatational stress is relatively weak at tectonic tremor source depths and seems unlikely to contribute significantly to the triggering process, except perhaps for an indirect role on the SAF in sustaining tremor into the Rayleigh-wave coda that was initially triggered by Love waves. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hill@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2337 EP 2355 DI 10.1785/0120120086 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000005 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW Harp, EL AF Jibson, Randall W. Harp, Edwin L. TI Extraordinary Distance Limits of Landslides Triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION; INTENSITY; AMERICA AB The 23 August 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake (M-w 5.8) was the largest to strike the eastern U.S. since 1897 and was felt over an extraordinarily large area. Although no large landslides occurred, the shaking did trigger many rock and soil falls from steep river banks and natural cliffs in the epicentral area and from steep road cuts along, and northwest of, the Blue Ridge Parkway. We mapped the occurrence of rock falls to determine distance limits that could be compared with those from other documented earthquakes. Studies of previous earthquakes indicated a maximum epicentral distance limit for landsliding of similar to 60 km for an M 5.8 earthquake; the maximum distance limit for the 2011 earthquake was 245 km, the largest exceedance of the historical limit ever recorded. Likewise, the previous maximum area affected by landslides for this magnitude was 1500 km(2); the area affected by landslides in the 2011 earthquake was 33; 400 km(2). These observations provide physical evidence that attenuation of strong shaking for eastern U. S. earthquakes is significantly lower than for plate-boundary earthquakes. Also, distance limits parallel to the regional structural trend are greater than those that transect the structure, which suggests anisotropic attenuation related to the regional geologic structure. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the landslide distance limits is estimated to have been about 0.02-0.04g. C1 [Jibson, Randall W.; Harp, Edwin L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jibson@usgs.gov; harp@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2368 EP 2377 DI 10.1785/0120120055 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000007 ER PT J AU Michael, AJ AF Michael, Andrew J. TI Fundamental Questions of Earthquake Statistics, Source Behavior, and the Estimation of Earthquake Probabilities from Possible Foreshocks SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE; AFTERSHOCK MODEL UNCERTAINTIES; MOMENT-FREQUENCY RELATION; HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SHORT-TERM; DYNAMIC STRESS; 7.3 LANDERS; SEISMICITY AB Estimates of the probability that an M-L 4.8 earthquake, which occurred near the southern end of the San Andreas fault on 24 March 2009, would be followed by an M 7 mainshock over the following three days vary from 0.0009 using a Gutenberg-Richter model of aftershock statistics (Reasenberg and Jones, 1989) to 0.04 using a statistical model of foreshock behavior and long-term estimates of large earthquake probabilities, including characteristic earthquakes (Agnew and Jones, 1991). I demonstrate that the disparity between the existing approaches depends on whether or not they conform to Gutenberg-Richter behavior. While Gutenberg-Richter behavior is well established over large regions, it could be violated on individual faults if they have characteristic earthquakes or over small areas if the spatial distribution of large-event nucleations is disproportional to the rate of smaller events. I develop a new form of the aftershock model that includes characteristic behavior and combines the features of both models. This new model and the older foreshock model yield the same results when given the same inputs, but the new model has the advantage of producing probabilities for events of all magnitudes, rather than just for events larger than the initial one. Compared with the aftershock model, the new model has the advantage of taking into account long-term earthquake probability models. Using consistent parameters, the probability of an M 7 mainshock on the southernmost San Andreas fault is 0.0001 for three days from long-term models and the clustering probabilities following the M-L 4.8 event are 0.00035 for a Gutenberg-Richter distribution and 0.013 for a characteristic-earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution. Our decisions about the existence of characteristic earthquakes and how large earthquakes nucleate have a first-order effect on the probabilities obtained from short-term clustering models for these large events. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michael, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 FU USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project FX This paper benefitted from reviews by Karen Felzer, Jeanne Hardebeck, David Jackson, Lucy Jones, Tom Jordan, Paul Reasenberg, and Stefan Wiemer. The author appreciated discussions with Duncan Agnew, Karen Felzer, Ned Field, Jeanne Hardebeck, Lucy Jones, Morgan Page, and Danijel Schorlemmer. Funding was provided by the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2547 EP 2562 DI 10.1785/0120090184 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000021 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Guzman, L Boyd, OS Hartzell, S Williams, RA AF Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Boyd, Oliver S. Hartzell, Stephen Williams, Robert A. TI Seismic Velocity Model of the Central United States (Version 1): Description and Simulation of the 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SANTA-CLARA VALLEY; GROUND-MOTION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; REELFOOT RIFT; ST-LOUIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; SITE RESONANCES AB We have developed a new three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the central United States (CUSVM) that includes the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) and covers parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The model represents a compilation of decades of crustal research consisting of seismic, aeromagnetic, and gravity profiles; geologic mapping; geophysical and geological borehole logs; and inversions of the regional seismic properties. The density, P- and S-wave velocities are synthesized in a stand-alone spatial database that can be queried to generate the required input for numerical seismic-wave propagation simulations. We test and calibrate the CUSVM by simulating ground motions of the 18 April 2008 M-w 5.4 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, earthquake and comparing the results with observed records within the model area. The selected stations in the comparisons reflect different geological site conditions and cover distances ranging from 10 to 430 km from the epicenter. The results, based on a qualitative and quantitative goodness-of-fit (GOF) characterization, indicate that both within and outside the Mississippi Embayment the CUSVM reasonably reproduces: (1) the body and surface-wave arrival times and (2) the observed regional variations in ground-motion amplitude, cumulative energy, duration, and frequency content up to a frequency of 1.0 Hz. In addition, we discuss the probable structural causes for the ground-motion patterns in the central United States that we observed in the recorded motions of the 18 April Mt. Carmel earthquake. C1 [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo; Hartzell, Stephen; Williams, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Boyd, Oliver S.] US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Ramirez-Guzman, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn Coordinac Sismol & Instrumentac Sism, Av Univ 3000, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. FU National Science Foundation [TG-EAR090003] FX This research was supported by the allocation TG-EAR090003 for advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Kraken, at the National Institute for Computational Sciences (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/, last accessed September 2012). LRG thanks Jer-Ming Chiu, Heather DeShon, Chris Cramer, Steve Horton, Chuck Langston, and Christine Powell at the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), and Walter Mooney at the USGS Menlo Park office for the initial pointers and expert opinions provided on the regional structure. The ENA model was provided by Chuck Langston and Chuntao Liang. The Memphis velocity model was provided by Chris Cramer. Drew Andrews and Sandy Ebersole provided relevant information on Alabama's structure. The VS30 values in the Mississippi Embayment were provided by Edward Woolery. Jae-Won Chung provided the Geotechnical database for the St. Louis metro area. Susan Boylard and Brian R. Clark at the USGS Arkansas Water Science Center provided the MERAS project surfaces in the format used to construct the model. This project benefited from several talks with Richard Dart, Jack Odum, Russell Wheeler, William Stephenson, and Morgan Moschetti at the USGS Golden office. We thank Christina Boyes for her miscellaneous help in the editing and proofreading of this manuscript. We thank Robert Graves for his helpful review and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and critiques improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 114 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2622 EP 2645 DI 10.1785/0120110303 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000027 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Field, EH Page, MT Milner, K AF Parsons, Tom Field, Edward H. Page, Morgan T. Milner, Kevin TI Possible Earthquake Rupture Connections on Mapped California Faults Ranked by Calculated Coulomb Linking Stresses SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SLIP; EXAMPLES; GEOMETRY; HAZARD; DENALI; TURKEY; ALASKA; CHINA AB Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is requiring an increasingly broad compilation of earthquake sources. Fault systems are often divided into characteristic ruptures based on geometric features such as bends or steps, though events such as the 2002 M 7.9 Denali, and 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquakes raise the possibility that earthquakes can involve subsidiary faults and/or rupture through identified geometric barriers. Here we introduce a method to discriminate among a wide range of possible earthquakes within a large fault system and to quantify the probability of a rupture passing through a bend or step. We note that many of the conditions favoring earthquake rupture propagation can be simulated using a static Coulomb stress change approximation. Such an approach lacks inertial effects inherent in a full dynamic simulation but does capture many of the empirical observations drawn from examining past ruptures, such as continuity of rake and strike, as well as distance across gaps or stepovers. We make calculations for a test region in northern California and find that the method provides a quantitative basis for ranking possible ruptures within localized fault systems. C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Page, Morgan T.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Milner, Kevin] Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2667 EP 2676 DI 10.1785/0120110349 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000029 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Taniguchi, T Altidor, JR AF Hough, Susan E. Taniguchi, Tomoyo Altidor, Jean-Robert TI Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration from Horizontal Rigid Body Displacement: A Case Study in Port-au-Prince, Haiti SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT; EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE; MOTION; FAULT AB The M 7.0 Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 caused catastrophic damage and loss of life in the capital city of Port-au-Prince. The extent of the damage was primarily due to poor construction and high population density. The earthquake was recorded by only a single seismic instrument within Haiti, an educational seismometer that was neither bolted to the ground nor able to record strong motion on scale. The severity of near-field mainshock ground motions, in Port-au-Prince and elsewhere, has thus remained unclear. We present a detailed, quantitative analysis of the marks left on a tile floor by an industrial battery rack that was displaced by the earthquake in the Canape Vert neighborhood in the southern Port-au-Prince metropolitan region. Results of this analysis, based on a recently developed formulation for predicted rigid body displacement caused by sinusoidal ground acceleration, indicate that mainshock shaking at Canape Vert was approximately 0: 5g, corresponding to a modified Mercalli intensity of VIII. Combining this result with the weak-motion amplification factor estimated from aftershock recordings at the site as well as a general assessment of macroseismic effects, we estimate the peak acceleration to be approximate to 0:2g for sites in central Port-au-Prince that experienced relatively moderate damage and where estimated weak-motion site amplification is lower than that at the Canape Vert site. We also analyze a second case of documented rigid body displacement, at a location less than 2 km from the Canape Vert site, and estimate the peak acceleration to be approximately 0: 4g at this location. Our results illustrate how observations of rigid body horizontal displacement during earthquakes can be used to estimate peak ground acceleration in the absence of instrumental data. C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Taniguchi, Tomoyo] Tottori Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tottori 6808552, Japan. [Altidor, Jean-Robert] Bur Mines & Energie, Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. FU U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) FX The authors express their appreciation to Gerard Laborde and Gregory Domond of the Voila Corporation for their support, without which the deployment, in general, and this investigation, in particular, would not have been possible. We also thank Mehmet Celebi and Robert Dollar for constructive reviews that significantly improved the manuscript; Rasool Anooshehpoor for constructive criticism and suggestions; and Martin Chapman and Diane Doser for editorial stewardship of the journal. The research was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2704 EP 2713 DI 10.1785/0120120047 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000032 ER PT J AU Galasso, C Zareian, F Iervolino, I Graves, RW AF Galasso, C. Zareian, F. Iervolino, I. Graves, R. W. TI Validation of Ground-Motion Simulations for Historical Events Using SDoF Systems SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; VARIANCE; RECORDS; DEMAND; MODELS AB The study presented in this paper is among the first in a series of studies toward the engineering validation of the hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation methodology by Graves and Pitarka (2010). This paper provides a statistical comparison between seismic demands of single degree of freedom (SDoF) systems subjected to past events using simulations and actual recordings. A number of SDoF systems are selected considering the following: (1) 16 oscillation periods between 0.1 and 6 s; (2) elastic case and four nonlinearity levels, from mildly inelastic to severely inelastic systems; and (3) two hysteretic behaviors, in particular, nondegrading-nonevolutionary and degrading-evolutionary. Demand spectra are derived in terms of peak and cyclic response, as well as their statistics for four historical earthquakes: 1979 M-w 6.5 Imperial Valley, 1989 M-w 6.8 Loma Prieta, 1992 M-w 7.2 Landers, and 1994 M-w 6.7 Northridge. The results of this study show that both elastic and inelastic demands from simulated and recorded motions are generally similar. However, for some structural systems, the inelastic response to simulated accelerograms may produce median demands that appear different from those obtained using corresponding recorded motions. The magnitude of such differences depends on the SDoF period, the nonlinearity level, and, to a lesser extent, the hysteretic model used. In the case of peak response, these discrepancies are likely due to differences in the spectral shape, while the differences in terms of cyclic response can be explained by some integral parameters of ground motion (i.e., duration-related). Moreover, the intraevent standard deviation values of structural demands calculated from the simulations are generally lower than those given by recorded ground motions, especially at short periods. The assessment of the results using formal statistical hypothesis tests indicates that, in most cases, the differences found are not significant, increasing the trust in the use of simulated motions for engineering applications. C1 [Galasso, C.; Zareian, F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Iervolino, I.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Graves, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena Field Off, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Galasso, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E-4141 Engn Gateway Bldg, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; Iervolino, Iunio/B-6216-2008 OI Iervolino, Iunio/0000-0002-4076-2718 FU Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLUIS); National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Technical Activity Group (TAG) on Ground Motion Simulation Validation (GMSV) FX This research was supported by Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLUIS) for the research program founded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection-Executive Project 2010-2013, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) through the Technical Activity Group (TAG) on Ground Motion Simulation Validation (GMSV). Their support is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2727 EP 2740 DI 10.1785/0120120018 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 046UN UT WOS:000311790000034 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Lowry, CS AF Fienen, Michael N. Lowry, Christopher S. TI Social.Water-A crowdsourcing tool for environmental data acquisition SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE E-geoscience; Citizen science; Hydrology; Streamgaging; Python AB Remote telemetry has a long history of use for collection of environmental measurements. With the rise of mobile phones and SMS text-messaging capacity, many members of the general pubic carry communications equipment in their pockets at all times. Enabling the general public to provide environmental data through text messages has the potential both to provide additional data to scientific projects and also to raise awareness of the projects through participation. Hydrologic measurements - some of which can be made without training, involve a single measurement, and are often made in rural areas - are well-suited to text-message conveyance. Many other environmental measurements are similarly well-suited for this technology. Social.Water is a software package, written in Python, that collects, parses, and categorizes text messages sent to a dedicated phone number, updates a simple database, and posts both graphical results and the database on the Web. Social.Water was designed as the backend to the Crowdhydrology project and is written in an object-oriented design that makes customization and modification straightforward. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lowry, Christopher S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov; cslowry@buffalo.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009; OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651; Lowry, Christopher/0000-0003-0512-964X NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 49 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 044WQ UT WOS:000311656300018 ER PT J AU Sether, DM Melzer, MJ Borth, WB Hu, JS AF Sether, D. M. Melzer, M. J. Borth, W. B. Hu, J. S. TI Pineapple bacilliform CO virus: Diversity, Detection, Distribution, and Transmission SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BANANA-STREAK-VIRUS; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; GENETIC-VARIANTS; ANANAS-COMOSUS; MOTTLE VIRUS; BADNAVIRUS; GENOME; PARARETROVIRUS; INOCULATION; STRATEGIES AB Members of the genus Badnavirus (family Caulimovirdae) have been identified in dicots and monocots worldwide. The genome of a pineapple badnavirus, designated Pineapple bacilliform CO virus-HI! (PBCOV-HI1), and nine genomic variants (A through H) were isolated and sequenced from pineapple, Ananas comosus, in Hawaii. The 7,451-nucleotide genome of PBCOV-HI1 possesses three open reading frames (ORFs) encoding putative proteins of 20 (ORF1), 15 (ORF2), and 211 (ORF3) kDa. ORF3 encodes a polyprotein that includes a putative movement protein and viral aspartyl proteinase, reverse transcriptase, and RNase H regions. Three distinct groups of putative endogenous pineapple pararetroviral sequences and Metaviridae-like retrotransposons encoding long terminal repeat, reverse-transcriptase, RNase H, and integrase regions were also identified from the pineapple genome. Detection assays were developed to distinguish PBCOV-HI1 and genomic variants, putative endogenous pararetrovirus sequences, and Ananas Metaviridae sequences also identified in pineapple. PBCOV-HI1 incidences in two commercially grown pineapple hybrids, PRI 73-114 and PRI 73-50, was 34 to 68%. PBCOV-HI1 was transmitted by gray pineapple mealybugs, Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, to pineapple. C1 [Sether, D. M.; Melzer, M. J.; Borth, W. B.; Hu, J. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sether, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM diane_sether@fws.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service T-STAR program [2005-34135-15964, 2008-34135-19404]; USDA Agricultural Research Service Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center [58-5320-5-785]; University of Hawaii at Manoa [58-5320-5-785] FX The research was funded, in part, by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service T-STAR program agreement numbers 2005-34135-15964 and 2008-34135-19404 and a specific cooperative grant agreement number 58-5320-5-785 between the USDA Agricultural Research Service Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center and the University of Hawaii at Manoa. We thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1798 EP 1804 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0718-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042HQ UT WOS:000311462700013 ER PT J AU Oates, SC Miller, MA Hardin, D Conrad, PA Melli, A Jessup, DA Dominik, C Roug, A Tinker, MT Miller, WA AF Oates, Stori C. Miller, Melissa A. Hardin, Dane Conrad, Patricia A. Melli, Ann Jessup, David A. Dominik, Clare Roug, Annette Tinker, M. Tim Miller, Woutrina A. TI Prevalence, Environmental Loading, and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Isolates from Domestic and Wild Animals along the Central California Coast SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SEA OTTERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; FECAL SAMPLES; FARM-ANIMALS; BEEF-CATTLE; GENOTYPES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OOCYSTS AB The risk of disease transmission from waterborne protozoa is often dependent on the origin (e.g., domestic animals versus wildlife), overall parasite load in contaminated waterways, and parasite genotype, with infections being linked to runoff or direct deposition of domestic animal and wildlife feces. Fecal samples collected from domestic animals and wildlife along the central California coast were screened to (i) compare the prevalence and associated risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species parasites, (ii) evaluate the relative importance of animal host groups that contribute to pathogen loading in coastal ecosystems, and (iii) characterize zoonotic and host-specific genotypes. Overall, 6% of fecal samples tested during 2007 to 2010 were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 15% were positive for Giardia cysts. Animal host group and age class were significantly associated with detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites in animal feces. Fecal loading analysis revealed that infected beef cattle potentially contribute the greatest parasite load relative to other host groups, followed by wild canids. Beef cattle, however, shed host-specific, minimally zoonotic Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis genotypes, whereas wild canids shed potentially zoonotic genotypes, including G. duodenalis assemblages A and B. Given that the parasite genotypes detected in cattle were not zoonotic, the public health risk posed by protozoan parasite shedding in cattle feces may be lower than that posed by other animals, such as wild canids, that routinely shed zoonotic genotypes. C1 [Oates, Stori C.; Conrad, Patricia A.; Melli, Ann; Roug, Annette; Miller, Woutrina A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oates, Stori C.; Miller, Melissa A.; Jessup, David A.] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Oates, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM scoates@ucdavis.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 FU Central Coast Longterm Environmental Assessment Network (CCLEAN); California State Water Board [06-076-553] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Central Coast Longterm Environmental Assessment Network (CCLEAN), with funding provided by Grant 06-076-553 from the California State Water Board to the City of Watsonville. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 IS 24 BP 8762 EP 8772 DI 10.1128/AEM.02422-12 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 038ZS UT WOS:000311213200030 PM 23042185 ER PT J AU Weekes, AA Torgersen, CE Montgomery, DR Woodward, A Bolton, SM AF Weekes, Anne A. Torgersen, Christian E. Montgomery, David R. Woodward, Andrea Bolton, Susan M. TI A Process-Based Hierarchical Framework for Monitoring Glaciated Alpine Headwaters SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic regimes; Sediment; Alpine headwaters; Indicator taxa; Glacial macroforms; Channel longitudinal profile; Climate change; Talus ID STREAM HABITAT CLASSIFICATION; MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER CONTINUUM; PROCESS DOMAINS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; TRENDS; TALUS AB Recent studies have demonstrated the geomorphic complexity and wide range of hydrologic regimes found in alpine headwater channels that provide complex habitats for aquatic taxa. These geohydrologic elements are fundamental to better understand patterns in species assemblages and indicator taxa and are necessary to aquatic monitoring protocols that aim to track changes in physical conditions. Complex physical variables shape many biological and ecological traits, including life history strategies, but these mechanisms can only be understood if critical physical variables are adequately represented within the sampling framework. To better align sampling design protocols with current geohydrologic knowledge, we present a conceptual framework that incorporates regional-scale conditions, basin-scale longitudinal profiles, valley-scale glacial macroform structure, valley segment-scale (i.e., colluvial, alluvial, and bedrock), and reach-scale channel types. At the valley segment- and reach-scales, these hierarchical levels are associated with differences in streamflow and sediment regime, water source contribution and water temperature. Examples of linked physical-ecological hypotheses placed in a landscape context and a case study using the proposed framework are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for monitoring complex temporal and spatial patterns and processes in glaciated basins. This approach is meant to aid in comparisons between mountain regions on a global scale and to improve management of potentially endangered alpine species affected by climate change and other stressors. C1 [Weekes, Anne A.] Nat Syst Design, Seattle, WA USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Montgomery, David R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bolton, Susan M.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Weekes, AA (reprint author), Nat Syst Design, Seattle, WA USA. EM aaw2@uw.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP); National Park Service North Cascades and Coast Network (NCCN); North Cascades National Park; Mount Rainier National Park FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP). Additional support was provided by the National Park Service North Cascades and Coast Network (NCCN), North Cascades National Park, and Mount Rainier National Park. Earlier versions of the manuscript were greatly improved by comments from P. Kennard and J. O'Connor. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 982 EP 997 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9957-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040BA UT WOS:000311292800002 PM 23064664 ER PT J AU Towler, E Saab, VA Sojda, RS Dickinson, K Bruyere, CL Newlon, KR AF Towler, Erin Saab, Victoria A. Sojda, Richard S. Dickinson, Katherine Bruyere, Cindy L. Newlon, Karen R. TI A Risk-Based Approach to Evaluating Wildlife Demographics for Management in a Changing Climate: A Case Study of the Lewis's Woodpecker SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Species vulnerability; Adaptation; Avian conservation; Forest management; Risk ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY; ADAPTATION; FRAMEWORK; VULNERABILITY; CONSERVATION; SCENARIOS; SURVIVAL; HABITAT AB Given the projected threat that climate change poses to biodiversity, the need for proactive response efforts is clear. However, integrating uncertain climate change information into conservation planning is challenging, and more explicit guidance is needed. To this end, this article provides a specific example of how a risk-based approach can be used to incorporate a species' response to climate into conservation decisions. This is shown by taking advantage of species' response (i.e., impact) models that have been developed for a well-studied bird species of conservation concern. Specifically, we examine the current and potential impact of climate on nest survival of the Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) in two different habitats. To address climate uncertainty, climate scenarios are developed by manipulating historical weather observations to create ensembles (i.e., multiple sequences of daily weather) that reflect historical variability and potential climate change. These ensembles allow for a probabilistic evaluation of the risk posed to Lewis's Woodpecker nest survival and are used in two demographic analyses. First, the relative value of each habitat is compared in terms of nest survival, and second, the likelihood of exceeding a critical population threshold is examined. By embedding the analyses in a risk framework, we show how management choices can be made to be commensurate with a defined level of acceptable risk. The results can be used to inform habitat prioritization and are discussed in the context of an economic framework for evaluating trade-offs between management alternatives. C1 [Towler, Erin; Dickinson, Katherine; Bruyere, Cindy L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sojda, Richard S.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Newlon, Karen R.] Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Towler, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM towler@ucar.edu FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise fellowship program; NOAA Climate Program Office; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise fellowship program funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the U.S. Geological Survey and administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scientist Programs. The authors acknowledge the United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9953-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040BA UT WOS:000311292800015 PM 23070061 ER PT J AU Routti, H Letcher, RJ Born, EW Branigan, M Dietz, R Evans, TJ McKinney, MA Peacock, E Sonne, C AF Routti, Heli Letcher, Robert J. Born, Erik W. Branigan, Marsha Dietz, Rune Evans, Thomas J. McKinney, Melissa A. Peacock, Elizabeth Sonne, Christian TI Influence of carbon and lipid sources on variation of mercury and other trace elements in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polar bear; Mercury; Trace elements; Spatial trends; Carbon and lipid sources ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HUDSON-BAY; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; MACKENZIE RIVER; HEAVY-METALS; RINGED SEALS; ARCTIC-OCEAN AB In the present study, the authors investigated the influence of carbon and lipid sources on regional differences in liver trace element (As, Cd, Cu, total Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se, and Zn) concentrations measured in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (n?=?121) from 10 Alaskan, Canadian Arctic, and East Greenland subpopulations. Carbon and lipid sources were assessed using delta 13C in muscle tissue and fatty acid (FA) profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue as chemical tracers. A negative relationship between total Hg and delta 13C suggested that polar bears feeding in areas with higher riverine inputs of terrestrial carbon accumulate more Hg than bears feeding in areas with lower freshwater input. Mercury concentrations were also positively related to the FA 20:1n-9, which is biosynthesized in large amounts in Calanus copepods. This result raises the hypothesis that Calanus glacialis are an important link in the uptake of Hg in the marine food web and ultimately in polar bears. Unadjusted total Hg, Se, and As concentrations showed greater geographical variation among polar bear subpopulations compared with concentrations adjusted for carbon and lipid sources. The Hg concentrations adjusted for carbon and lipid sources in BeringChukchi Sea polar bear liver tissue remained the lowest among subpopulations. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that carbon and lipid sources for polar bears should be taken into account when one is assessing spatial and temporal trends of long-range transported trace elements. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 27392747. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Routti, Heli; Letcher, Robert J.; McKinney, Melissa A.] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Routti, Heli] Fram Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, Tromso, Norway. [Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland. [Branigan, Marsha] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT, Canada. [Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark. [Evans, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU, Canada. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Sci & Technol Branch,Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca RI Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; OI Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; McKinney, Melissa/0000-0002-8171-7534 FU Northern Contaminants Program (Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada); Molson Foundation; International Polar Year program BearHealth; Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelsa i Gronland; DANCEA; Prince Albert II Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management FX For Canadian sampling and assistance, we thank polar bear hunters, Nunavut Hunters and Trappers Organizations, Nunavut Department of Environment conservation officers and lab technicians (A. Coxon), and Environment Canada's National Wildlife Specimen Bank at the National Wildlife Research Centre. We thank Ewa Neubauger and France Maisonneuve in the Lab Services section at the National Wildlife Research Centre for element analysis of the samples. Thanks to the Alaska Native hunters who took the extra time to collect and send the polar bear samples, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for processing the shipment to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and R. Pugh (Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology) for assistance with the Chukchi-Bering Sea samples. For East Greenland sampling and assistance, we thank local hunters, J. Bronlund, M. Kirkegaard, S. Joensen, and L. Bruun. We thank S. Falk-Petersen, M. Granskog, J. Soreide, and A. Wold for discussions on data interpretation. This study was funded by the Northern Contaminants Program (Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada) (R. J. L.) and the Molson Foundation (R. J. L.). Greenland program funding was from the International Polar Year program BearHealth, the Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelsa i Gronland, DANCEA, and the Prince Albert II Foundation. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, contributed to Alaskan funding. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2739 EP 2747 DI 10.1002/etc.2005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 040AO UT WOS:000311291200010 PM 22987581 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP David, SR Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP AF Madenjian, Charles P. David, Solomon R. Rediske, Richard R. O'Keefe, James P. TI Net trophic transfer efficiencies of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from its prey SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Trophic transfer efficiency; Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners; Lake trout ID PCB CONGENERS; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; SALMON; MODEL; FOOD AB Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were fed bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in eight laboratory tanks over a 135-d experiment. At the start of the experiment, four to nine fish in each tank were sacrificed, and the concentrations of 75 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners within these fish were determined. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener concentrations were also determined in the 10 lake trout remaining in each of the eight tanks at the end of the experiment as well as in the bloater fed to the lake trout. Each lake trout was weighed at the start and the end of the experiment, and the amount of food eaten by the lake trout was recorded. Using these measurements, net trophic transfer efficiency (gamma) from the bloater to the lake trout in each of the eight tanks was calculated for each of the 75 congeners. Results showed that gamma did not vary significantly with the degree of chlorination of the PCB congeners, and gamma averaged 0.66 across all congeners. However, gamma did show a slight, but significant, decrease as log KOW increased from 6.0 to 8.2. Activity level of the lake trout did not have a significant effect on gamma. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 28212827. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [David, Solomon R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank E. Murphy for reviewing the first draft of this paper and providing helpful comments for improving the manuscript. This work was funded, in part, by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1703 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2821 EP 2827 DI 10.1002/etc.1996 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 040AO UT WOS:000311291200019 PM 22927164 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Schamber, JL Trust, KA Miles, AK Henderson, JD Wilson, BW AF Flint, Paul L. Schamber, Jason L. Trust, Kimberly A. Miles, A. Keith Henderson, John D. Wilson, Barry W. TI Chronic hydrocarbon exposure of harlequin ducks in areas affected by the Selendang Ayu oil spill at Unalaska Island, Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Harlequin duck; Oil exposure; Selendang Ayu ID WINTER SURVIVAL; SEA DUCKS AB We evaluated chronic exposure of harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) to hydrocarbons associated with the 2004?M/V Selendang Ayu oil spill at Unalaska Island, Alaska. We measured levels of hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) in liver biopsy samples as an indicator of hydrocarbon exposure in three oiled bays and one reference bay in 2005, 2006, and 2008. Median EROD activity in ducks from oiled bays was significantly higher than in the reference bay in seven of nine pairwise comparisons. These results indicated that harlequin ducks were exposed to lingering hydrocarbons more than three years after the spill. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 28282831. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Flint, Paul L.; Schamber, Jason L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK USA. [Miles, A. Keith] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Henderson, John D.; Wilson, Barry W.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM pflint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank our field crew: T. Alteri, S. Byrne, J. Connor, T. Donnelly, E. Lance, B. Meixell, B. Pattinson, J. Reed, and J. Seyfried. Alaska Wildlife and Wildfowl Conservation conducted the surgeries and biopsies. We also thank the captains and crews of the M/V Exito in 2005 and the M/V Kittiwake II in 2006 and 2008 for safe passage through bays of Unalaska Island. We thank D. Esler, J. Kohout, J. Pearce, J. Reynolds D. Rocque, and V. Varela for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Partial funding provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, on behalf of the Natural Resource Trustees in support of the natural resource damage assessment for the Selendang Ayu incident. Additional logistical support was provided by the agents representing the owners of the Selendang Ayu. Capture and surgical procedures were approved by the Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Use of commercial names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply product endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2828 EP 2831 DI 10.1002/etc.1997 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 040AO UT WOS:000311291200020 PM 22933448 ER PT J AU Brander, SM He, GC Smalling, KL Denison, MS Cherr, GN AF Brander, Susanne M. He, Guochun Smalling, Kelly L. Denison, Michael S. Cherr, Gary N. TI The in vivo estrogenic and in vitro anti-estrogenic activity of permethrin and bifenthrin SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Choriogenin; CALUX; Menidia beryllina; ELISA; Nonlinear regression ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; DOSE RESPONSES; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; HYALELLA-AZTECA; URBAN CREEKS AB Pyrethroids are highly toxic to fish at parts per billion or parts per trillion concentrations. Their intended mechanism is prolonged sodium channel opening, but recent studies reveal that pyrethroids such as permethrin and bifenthrin also have endocrine activity. Additionally, metabolites may have greater endocrine activity than parent compounds. The authors evaluated the in vivo concentration-dependent ability of bifenthrin and permethrin to induce choriogenin (an estrogen-responsive protein) in Menidia beryllina, a fish species known to reside in pyrethroid-contaminated aquatic habitats. The authors then compared the in vivo response with an in vitro assaychemical activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX). Juvenile M. beryllina exposed to bifenthrin (1, 10, 100?ng/L), permethrin (0.1, 1, 10?mu g/L), and ethinylestradiol (1, 10, 50?ng/L) had significantly higher ng/mL choriogenin (Chg) measured in whole body homogenate than controls. Though Chg expression in fish exposed to ethinylestradiol (EE2) exhibited a traditional sigmoidal concentration response, curves fit to Chg expressed in fish exposed to pyrethroids suggest a unimodal response, decreasing slightly as concentration increases. Whereas the in vivo response indicated that bifenthrin and permethrin or their metabolites act as estrogen agonists, the CALUX assay demonstrated estrogen antagonism by the pyrethroids. The results, supported by evidence from previous studies, suggest that bifenthrin and permethrin, or their metabolites, appear to act as estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in vivo, and that the unmetabolized pyrethroids, particularly bifenthrin, act as an ER antagonists in cultured mammalian cells. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 28482855. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Brander, Susanne M.; Cherr, Gary N.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA USA. [Brander, Susanne M.; He, Guochun; Denison, Michael S.; Cherr, Gary N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cherr, Gary N.] Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. [Smalling, Kelly L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Brander, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. EM branders@uncw.edu OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU Delta Science [R/SF-27, SCI-05-C111]; National Science Foundation [0841297]; UC Davis National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program [ES04699]; Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District FX We would like to acknowledge the following funding sources that made this research possible: Delta Science (Pre-Doctoral Fellowship R/SF-27 and grant no SCI-05-C111), the National Science Foundation (GK-12 Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, grant no 0841297), and the UC Davis National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program (ES04699). Financial support was also provided in part by the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District. Thank you to I. Werner for advice on experimental design and D. Middaugh, K. Kuivila, C. Vines, Cherr Lab members, and Bodega Marine Lab staff for assistance and support. Finally, we extend our gratitude to W. White for advice on and assistance with data analysis. The present study was performed under UC Davis IACUC protocol 13353. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2848 EP 2855 DI 10.1002/etc.2019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 040AO UT WOS:000311291200023 PM 23007834 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Thompson, MP Runge, MC Thompson, FR McNulty, S Cleaves, D Tomosy, M Fisher, LA Bliss, A AF Marcot, Bruce G. Thompson, Matthew P. Runge, Michael C. Thompson, Frank R. McNulty, Steven Cleaves, David Tomosy, Monica Fisher, Larry A. Bliss, Andrew TI Recent advances in applying decision science to managing national forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Structured decision making; Adaptive management; Decision support; Land-management planning; Risk analysis; Risk management ID EVALUATION CRITERIA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRE RISK; MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; MODELS; POLICY AB Management of federal public forests to meet sustainability goals and multiple use regulations is an immense challenge. To succeed, we suggest use of formal decision science procedures and tools in the context of structured decision making (SDM). SDM entails four stages: problem structuring (framing the problem and defining objectives and evaluation criteria), problem analysis (defining alternatives, evaluating likely consequences, identifying key uncertainties, and analyzing tradeoffs), decision point (identifying the preferred alternative), and implementation and monitoring the preferred alternative with adaptive management feedbacks. We list a wide array of models, techniques, and tools available for each stage, and provide three case studies of their selected use in National Forest land management and project plans. Successful use of SDM involves participation by decision-makers, analysts, scientists, and stakeholders. We suggest specific areas for training and instituting SDM to foster transparency, rigor, clarity, and inclusiveness in formal decision processes regarding management of national forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Thompson, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Thompson, Frank R.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McNulty, Steven] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Cleaves, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Off Chief, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Tomosy, Monica] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Fisher, Larry A.; Bliss, Andrew] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM bmarcot@fs.fed.us RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU US Forest Service Research Executive Team FX This work was prompted by the US Forest Service Deputy Chief for Research and Development, Jim Reaves, and his team of Research Station managers, and is part of a larger effort by the Forest Service to develop syntheses of major contemporary research themes. We thank the US Forest Service Research Executive Team for their support. Thanks to Deborah Finch for providing operational support through her partnership with the University of Arizona, and to the University of Arizona's School of Natural Resources and the Environment for their contributions to the project. We also thank the US Geological Survey for partnering with the US Forest Service on this effort. We appreciate helpful reviews provided by Kerry Britton, Joe Carbone, Chris Iverson, Danny Lee, Guy Robertson, Ken Williams, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.024 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500013 ER PT J AU Hagar, JC Li, J Sobota, J Jenkins, S AF Hagar, Joan C. Li, Judith Sobota, Janel Jenkins, Stephanie TI Arthropod prey for riparian associated birds in headwater forests of the Oregon Coast Range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic-terrestrial interface; Arthropod prey; Forest birds; Headwater streams; Riparian habitat ID AQUATIC INSECTS; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STABLE-ISOTOPE; WESTERN OREGON; STREAM; SUBSIDIES; USA; MANAGEMENT AB Headwater riparian areas occupy a large proportion of the land base in Pacific Northwest forests, and thus are ecologically and economically important. Although a primary goal of management along small headwater streams is the protection of aquatic resources, streamside habitat also is important for many terrestrial wildlife species. However, mechanisms underlying the riparian associations of some terrestrial species have not been well studied, particularly for headwater drainages. We investigated the diets of and food availability for four bird species associated with riparian habitats in montane coastal forests of western Oregon, USA. We examined variation in the availability of arthropod prey as a function of distance from stream. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (1) emergent aquatic insects were a food source for insectivorous birds in headwater riparian areas, and (2) the abundances of aquatic and terrestrial arthropod prey did not differ between streamside and upland areas during the bird breeding season. We found that although adult aquatic insects were available for consumption throughout the study period, they represented a relatively small proportion of available prey abundance and biomass and were present in only 1% of the diet samples from only one of the four riparian-associated bird species. Nonetheless, arthropod prey, comprised primarily of insects of terrestrial origin, was more abundant in streamside than upland samples. We conclude that food resources for birds in headwater riparian areas are primarily associated with terrestrial vegetation, and that bird distributions along the gradient from streamside to upland may be related to variation in arthropod prey availability. Because distinct vegetation may distinguish riparian from upland habitats for riparian-associated birds and their terrestrial arthropod prey, we suggest that understory communities be considered when defining management zones for riparian habitat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hagar, Joan C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Li, Judith; Sobota, Janel] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jenkins, Stephanie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hagar, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM joan_hagar@usgs.gov; Judith.Li@oregonstate.edu; janel.banks@oregonstate.edu; stephanie.jenkins@oregonstate.edu FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We thank W. Gerth for processing, measuring, and identifying arthropods in the lab. We are grateful for the field and lab work performed by the "Bug Crew": K. Meyer, S. Moellendorf, B. Morrisette, C. Murphy, Y.-J. Su, and especially J. King, S. Robins, J. Ruthven, and R. VanDriesche; and to the "Bird Crew", including B. Barbaree, E. Dittmar, H. Howell, M. Jenkins, N. Jenkins, D. Leer, J. Leslie, A. Mohoric, M. Moses, M. Schuiteman, J. Watson, and D. Wiens for assisting with collection of field samples. Thoughtful critiques from two anonymous journal reviewers also were much appreciated. Financial support for this project was provided by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 285 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.026 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034HW UT WOS:000310864500022 ER PT J AU Moffitt, CM James, CA AF Moffitt, Christine M. James, Christopher A. TI Response of New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum to freezing and near-freezing fluctuating water temperatures SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE New Zealand mudsnail; habitat requirements; thermal limits ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; THERMAL REGIMES; COLD SHOCK; MUD SNAILS; SIZE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTIONARY; ENVIRONMENT; ACCLIMATION AB We explored the resilience of the invasive New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to fluctuating winter freezing and near-freezing temperature cycles in laboratory tests. Our goal was to provide data to confirm field observations of mortality and presumed mortality in stream habitats with fluctuating freezing to near-freezing temperatures. We tested individuals from 2 locations with distinctly different thermal regimes and population densities. One location had low snail densities and water temperatures with strong diel and seasonal water variation. The other location had high snail densities and nearly constant water temperatures. Groups of individuals from both locations were tested in each of 3 laboratory-created diel thermal cycles around nominal temperatures of 0, 2, or 4 degrees C. Mortality occurred in cycles around 0 degrees C in both populations, and little to no mortality occurred at temperatures >0 degrees C. Individuals from both sources held in did 0 degrees C cycles for 72 h showed 100% mortality. Our findings support observations from published field studies that survival was limited in infested habitats subject to freezing temperatures. C1 [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu; chris.a.james@state.or.us FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Nature Conservancy of Idaho; US Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game, The Nature Conservancy of Idaho, and the US Geological Survey. We thank D. Megargle, B. Dredge, and J. Chapman of Idaho Department of Fish and Game; K. Pratt, T. Klahr, and staff at The Nature Conservancy; and B. Kenworthy and staff at Hagerman National Fish Hatchery for in-kind assistance. C. Capaul and B. Sun provided assistance with laboratory logistics. We thank E. J. Johannes, S. Hampton, J. Johnson, and 2 anonymous referees for their contributions to the clarity of this manuscript. This research was part of the MS thesis of CAT. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the US government. This paper is contribution 3037 of the University of Idaho Forestry, Wildlife and Range Resources Experiment Station, Moscow, Idaho. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 30 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1899/11-160.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039SH UT WOS:000311266300002 ER PT J AU Zuellig, RE Schmidt, TS AF Zuellig, R. E. Schmidt, T. S. TI Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invertebrate; traits; streams; least-disturbed; ecoregion; land use ID SPECIES TRAITS; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; PREDICTIVE MODELS; COMMUNITIES; RIVER; PATTERNS; ASSEMBLAGES; CONSISTENCY AB Much is known about invertebrate community traits in basins across Europe, but no comprehensive description of traits exists for the continental US. Little is known about the trait composition of invertebrates in reference or least-disturbed basins of the US, how trait composition varies among ecoregions, or how consistently traits respond to land use. These elements are essential to development of trait-based tools for conservation and assessment of biological integrity. We compared invertebrate traits of least-disturbed basins among ecoregions of the US. Benthic invertebrate data (presence/absence) from 1987 basins were translated into 56 binary traits (e.g., bivoltine, clinger). Basins were classified as least-disturbed, agricultural, or urban, and grouped into 9 ecoregions. Landuse, climatic, physiographic, and hydrologic data were used to describe ecoregions and to evaluate least-disturbed basin quality. The unique habitat template of each ecoregion selected for trait compositions in least-disturbed basins that differed among ecoregions. Among the traits examined, life-history (e.g., voltinism, development) and ecological traits (e.g., rheophily, thermal preference) differed most among ecoregions. Agricultural and urban land uses selected for trait compositions that differed from least-disturbed, but the extent of the differences depended on ecoregion and quality of the least-disturbed basins. No trait compositions unique to specific land uses were found. However, a disturbance syndrome was observed in that the magnitude and direction of trait responses to urban and agricultural land uses were consistent among ecoregions. Each ecoregion had a unique trait composition, but trait compositions could be used to aggregate ecoregions into 3 broad regions: Western Mountains, Plains and Lowlands, and Eastern Highlands. Our results indicate that large-scale trait-based assessment tools for the US will require calibration to account for regional differences in the trait composition of basins and in the quality of least-disturbed basins. C1 [Zuellig, R. E.; Schmidt, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zuellig, R. E.; Schmidt, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zuellig, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rzuellig@usgs.gov; tschmidt@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) FX We thank all USGS and USEPA personnel who spent countless hours collecting data as part of their national water-quality monitoring and assessment programs. Our study was supported by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) as part of a national-scale synthesis of ecological data. Colin Talbert (USGS, Fort Collins Science Center) supported our GIS analysis. Billy Justus, Nicole Vieira, and Betty Palcsak provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 45 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1056 DI 10.1899/11-150.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039SH UT WOS:000311266300003 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Houser, JN AF De Jager, Nathan R. Houser, Jeffrey N. TI Variation in water-mediated connectivity influences patch distributions of total N, total P, and TN:TP ratios in the Upper Mississippi River, USA SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; connectivity; floodplain; Moran's 1; patch; nutrients; stoichiometry ID FLOODPLAIN SYSTEM; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; CONTINUUM CONCEPT; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; LAKES; CYANOBACTERIA; DOMINANCE AB Floodplain rivers have been conceptualized as patchwork mosaics of hydrogeomorphic zones that differ in hydrological, physiochemical, and ecological conditions. However, few investigators have empirically examined the extent to which basic ecological properties of large rivers, such as nutrient concentrations, are patchily distributed or the relationship between such distributions and water-mediated connectivity. We used global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation in 5 reaches of the Upper Mississippi River from 1994-2008 in spring (higher discharge) and summer (lower discharge) to examine distributions of total N (TN), total P (TP), and TN:TP for evidence of patchiness. TN was distributed as discrete patches regardless of season, but the patches of TP and TN:TP were more distinct during summer low-flow than spring high-flow conditions. The occurrence of patches of low TN, high IT, and low TN:TP was highly predictable, generally occurring in backwater, low-velocity (0.1 m/s) environments. Patches of high TN, low TP, and high TN:TP were less common and less predictable, but were more likely to occur in channels with high current velocities (>0.1 m/s) or in impounded areas with low current velocity, but adjacent to channel environments. These patch distributions are consistent with our current understanding of dominant mechanisms of riverine nutrient cycling and were generally consistent across 5 river reaches that spanned nearly the entire length of a large floodplain river. Watershed characteristics ultimately determine nutrient inputs to river systems, but our results support the idea that local geomorphic and hydraulic conditions influence spatial patterns of nutrient delivery and biochemical transformation and create a patchwork mosaic of nutrient distributions within large floodplain rivers. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Houser, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov; jhouser@usgs.gov RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125; Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 FU Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program, a partnership among the states of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin and the US Army Corps of Engineers, US Environmental Protection Agency, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and US Geological Survey. The continued support of this partnership is greatly appreciated. Comments on earlier versions of this manuscript were provided by Brent Knights, Barry Johnson, and Bill Richardson of the US Geological Survey. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 42 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1254 EP 1272 DI 10.1899/12-035.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039SH UT WOS:000311266300021 ER PT J AU Fishman, NS Hackley, PC Lowers, HA Hill, RJ Egenhoff, SO Eberl, DD Blum, AE AF Fishman, Neil S. Hackley, Paul C. Lowers, Heather A. Hill, Ronald J. Egenhoff, Sven O. Eberl, Dennis D. Blum, Alex E. TI The nature of porosity in organic-rich mudstones of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation, North Sea, offshore United Kingdom SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kimmeridge; Organic porosity; Microporosity; Nanoporosity; Ar-mill; Maceral; Maturation ID MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; SOURCE ROCKS; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; BELT SUPERGROUP; WATER COLUMN; WESSEX BASIN; MARINE SNOW; GAS SHALES; PORE TYPES AB Analyses of organic-rich mudstones from wells that penetrated the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation, offshore United Kingdom, were performed to evaluate the nature of both organic and inorganic rock constituents and their relation to porosity in this world-class source rock. The formation is at varying levels of thermal maturity, ranging from immature in the shallowest core samples to mature in the deepest core samples. The intent of this study was to evaluate porosity as a function of both organic macerals and thermal maturity. At least four distinct types of organic macerals were observed in petrographic and SEM analyses and they all were present across the study area. The macerals include, in decreasing abundance: 1) bituminite admixed with clays; 2) elongate lamellar masses (alginite or bituminite) with small quartz, feldspar, and clay entrained within it; 3) terrestrial (vitrinite, fusinite, semifusinite) grains; and 4) Tasmanites microfossils. Although pores in all maceral types were observed on ion-milled surfaces of all samples, the pores (largely nanopores with some micropores) vary as a function of maceral type. Importantly, pores in the macerals do not vary systematically as a function of thermal maturity, insofar as organic pores are of similar size and shape in both the immature and mature Kimmeridge rocks. If any organic pores developed during the generation of hydrocarbons, they were apparently not preserved, possibly because of the highly ductile nature of much of the rock constituents of Kimmeridge mudstones (clays and organic material). Inorganic pores (largely micropores with some nanopores) have been observed in all Kimmeridge mudstones. These pores, particularly interparticle (i.e., between clay platelets), and intraparticle (i.e., in framboidal pyrite, in partially dissolved detrital K-feldspar, and in both detrital and authigenic dolomite) are noteworthy because they compose much of the observable porosity in the shales in both immature and mature samples. The absence of a systematic increase in organic porosity as a function of either maceral type or thermal maturity indicates that such porosity was probably unrelated to hydrocarbon generation. Instead, much of the porosity within mudstones of the Kimmeridge appears to be largely intraparticle and interparticle (adjacent to inorganic constituents), so the petroleum storage potential in these organic-rich mudstones largely resides in inorganic pores. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fishman, Neil S.; Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hill, Ronald J.] Noble Energy, Denver, CO USA. [Egenhoff, Sven O.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eberl, Dennis D.; Blum, Alex E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fishman, NS (reprint author), Hess Corp, Houston, TX 77010 USA. EM nfishman@hess.com OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 FU Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We are grateful for the support of this research provided by the Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We would also like to thank Jamie Azain for her assistance in the laboratory in preparing the samples for the analyses. Finally, this paper was greatly improved from the technical reviews provided by Kate Whidden, Dick Keefer, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 68 TC 48 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 103 SI SI BP 32 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.07.012 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 038LP UT WOS:000311176500005 ER PT J AU Holimon, WC Akin, JA Baltosser, WH Rideout, CW Witsell, CT AF Holimon, William C. Akin, Jennifer A. Baltosser, William H. Rideout, Catherine W. Witsell, C. Theo TI Structure and composition of grassland habitats used by wintering Smith's Longspurs: the importance of native grasses SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aristida; Arkansas; Calcarius pictus; grassland; habitat association; winter ecology ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; ABANDONED FIELDS; PASSERINE BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; FIRE; EXTINCTION; THREEAWN; RANGE AB Smith's Longspurs (Calcarius pictus) are a species of concern in North America because of their limited range and apparent low population size. To better understand winter habitat needs and guide management of this species, we examined habitat associations of Smith's Longspurs in eastern Arkansas by comparing grassland patches where Smith's Longspurs flushed to randomly located patches in the same area. Smith's Longspurs were found in sparse grassland patches of relatively low height adjacent to airport runways where the native grass prairie three-awn (Aristida oligantha) dominated ground cover and vertical structure. Smith's Longspurs were not found in vegetation plots dominated by non-native Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). Prairie three-awn grass may provide concealment from predators and their seeds may be an important food source. Occurrence of Smith's Longspurs was also correlated with less litter, perhaps because deeper litter could make walking and searching for seeds more difficult. Availability of suitable habitat for Smith's Longspurs along airport runways may be declining due to natural succession of grassland habitat in the absence of disturbance and recent changes in management that favor Bermuda grass. Conversion and degradation of native prairie has resulted in the decline in abundance and distribution of Chestnut-collared Longspurs (C. ornatus) and McCown's Longspurs (Rhynchophanes mccownii). Our findings suggest that conversion of native grasslands to non-native grasslands results in loss and degradation of habitat for wintering populations of Smith's Longspurs. C1 [Holimon, William C.; Akin, Jennifer A.; Witsell, C. Theo] Arkansas Nat Heritage Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. [Baltosser, William H.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Rideout, Catherine W.] Auburn Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sch Forestry & Wildlife 3301, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Holimon, WC (reprint author), Arkansas Nat Heritage Commiss, 323 Ctr St,Suite 1500, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. EM BillH@arkansasheritage.org FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [T-16, E-15-4] FX We thank C. Humphrey of the Stuttgart Municipal Airport for allowing us to conduct vegetation measurements adjacent to runways. We thank airport managers across Arkansas for their generosity in allowing us to conduct bird surveys on their airports. We thank S. Fuhlendorf, A. Monroe, J. Neal, and D. Wolfe for providing input on Smith's Longspurs and associated winter habitat. Our manuscript was improved by comments by three anonymous reviewers and the editor (G. Ritchison). This research was funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service grants T-16 and E-15-4. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2012.00385.x PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 041PN UT WOS:000311413800003 ER PT J AU Sridhar, H Srinivasan, U Askins, RA Canales-Delgadillo, JC Chen, CC Ewert, DN Gale, GA Goodale, E Gram, WK Hart, PJ Hobson, KA Hutto, RL Kotagama, SW Knowlton, JL Lee, TM Munn, CA Nimnuan, S Nizam, BZ Peron, G Robin, VV Rodewald, AD Rodewald, PG Thomson, RL Trivedi, P Van Wilgenburg, SL Shanker, K AF Sridhar, Hari Srinivasan, Umesh Askins, Robert A. Canales-Delgadillo, Julio Cesar Chen, Chao-Chieh Ewert, David N. Gale, George A. Goodale, Eben Gram, Wendy K. Hart, Patrick J. Hobson, Keith A. Hutto, Richard L. Kotagama, Sarath W. Knowlton, Jessie L. Lee, Tien Ming Munn, Charles A. Nimnuan, Somchai Nizam, B. Z. Peron, Guillaume Robin, V. V. Rodewald, Amanda D. Rodewald, Paul G. Thomson, Robert L. Trivedi, Pranav Van Wilgenburg, Steven L. Shanker, Kartik TI Positive Relationships between Association Strength and Phenotypic Similarity Characterize the Assembly of Mixed-Species Bird Flocks Worldwide SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE community assembly; interspecific competition; meta-analysis; mixed-species flocks; null models; positive interactions ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; HABITAT DEGRADATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WESTERN MEXICO; FOREST BIRDS; RAIN-FOREST; BODY-SIZE; ECOLOGY; PARTICIPATION AB Competition theory predicts that local communities should consist of species that are more dissimilar than expected by chance. We find a strikingly different pattern in a multicontinent data set (55 presence-absence matrices from 24 locations) on the composition of mixed-species bird flocks, which are important sub-units of local bird communities the world over. By using null models and randomization tests followed by meta-analysis, we find the association strengths of species in flocks to be strongly related to similarity in body size and foraging behavior and higher for congeneric compared with noncongeneric species pairs. Given the local spatial scales of our individual analyses, differences in the habitat preferences of species are unlikely to have caused these association patterns; the patterns observed are most likely the outcome of species interactions. Extending group-living and social-information-use theory to a heterospecific context, we discuss potential behavioral mechanisms that lead to positive interactions among similar species in flocks, as well as ways in which competition costs are reduced. Our findings highlight the need to consider positive interactions along with competition when seeking to explain community assembly. C1 [Sridhar, Hari; Shanker, Kartik] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Srinivasan, Umesh; Robin, V. V.] Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Askins, Robert A.] Connecticut Coll, Dept Biol, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Canales-Delgadillo, Julio Cesar] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Behav Biol, Osnabruck, Germany. [Chen, Chao-Chieh] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Environm Biol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Ewert, David N.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Gale, George A.; Nimnuan, Somchai] King Mongkuts Univ Technol, Conservat Ecol Program, Sch Bioresources & Technol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Goodale, Eben] Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, Div Biol Sci, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Gram, Wendy K.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hart, Patrick J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Gatineau, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Hutto, Richard L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kotagama, Sarath W.] Univ Colombo, Dept Zool, Field Ornithol Grp Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Knowlton, Jessie L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lee, Tien Ming] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lee, Tien Ming] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Munn, Charles A.] SouthWild, Lima, Peru. [Nizam, B. Z.] Open Univ, Dept Zool, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. [Peron, Guillaume] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peron, Guillaume] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.; Rodewald, Paul G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thomson, Robert L.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Trivedi, Pranav] Nat Conservat Fdn, Mysore, Karnataka, India. [Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife & Landscape Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Shanker, K (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM kshanker@ces.iisc.ernet.in RI Rodewald, Amanda/D-2038-2012; PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013; Thomson, Robert/B-9637-2012; Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016; OI Thomson, Robert/0000-0002-6958-1259; Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306; Goodale, Eben/0000-0003-3403-2847 FU Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India; International Foundation for Science [D/4910-1]; National Geographic Society; World Nature Association; U.S. National Park Service; Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation; Taiwan Forestry Research Institute; Institute of Statistical Science Academia Sinica; National Science Council of Taiwan; Environment Canada; Parks Canada; National Science Foundation [0601909]; Academy of Finland [138049]; Canadian Wildlife Service; Prince Albert Model Forest [211]; Stony Brook University; Fulbright U.S. Student Program; World Wildlife Fund; Smithsonian Institution; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; Wildlife Institute of India; Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri-Columbia; Asian Development Bank; Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation (Thailand); National University of Singapore; Forest Department of Sri Lanka FX We thank the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, for supporting this study. Additional funding and logistical support for individual studies came from the International Foundation for Science (grant D/4910-1), the National Geographic Society, the World Nature Association, the U.S. National Park Service, the Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation, the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, the Institute of Statistical Science Academia Sinica, the National Science Council of Taiwan, Environment Canada, Parks Canada, the National Science Foundation (International Research Fellowship Program grant 0601909), the Academy of Finland (project 138049), the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Prince Albert Model Forest (project 211), Stony Brook University, the Fulbright U.S. Student Program, the World Wildlife Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Wildlife Institute of India, the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Asian Development Bank, the Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation (Thailand), the National University of Singapore, and the Forest Department of Sri Lanka. We also acknowledge the help of N. Gotelli, C. Graham, F. Hsieh, N.V. Joshi, V.C. Soni, and numerous volunteers and colleagues. Finally, we thank the reviewers and the editors for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 78 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 72 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 180 IS 6 BP 777 EP 790 DI 10.1086/668012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 037GL UT WOS:000311090100010 PM 23149402 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Muhammad, A Thompson, H Choi, J Li, WM AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Muhammad, Azizah Thompson, Henry Choi, Jongeun Li, Weiming TI Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Olfaction; Chemo-orientation; Biological modeling; Control algorithm; Mate searching; Agnathan ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; CHEMICAL ORIENTATION; ANIMAL NAVIGATION; CHEMO-ORIENTATION; OLFACTORY SEARCH; LATERAL-LINE; GREAT-LAKES; BEHAVIOR; PLUMES; FLOW AB Characterization of vertebrate chemo-orientation strategies over long distances is difficult because it is often not feasible to conduct highly controlled hypothesis-based experiments in natural environments. To overcome the challenge, we couple in-stream behavioral observations of female sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) orienting to plumes of a synthesized mating pheromone, 7 alpha,12 alpha,24-trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3kPZS), and engineering algorithms to systematically test chemo-orientation hypotheses. In-stream field observations and simulated movements of female sea lampreys according to control algorithms support that odor-conditioned rheotaxis is a component of the mechanism used to track plumes of 3kPZS over hundreds of meters in flowing water. Simulated movements of female sea lampreys do not support that rheotaxis or klinotaxis alone is sufficient to enable the movement patterns displayed by females in locating 3kPZS sources in the experimental stream. Odor-conditioned rheotaxis may not only be effective at small spatial scales as previous described in crustaceans, but may also be effectively used by fishes over hundreds of meters. These results may prove useful for developing management strategies for the control of invasive species that exploit the odor-conditioned tracking behavior and for developing biologically inspired navigation strategies for robotic fish. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.; Thompson, Henry; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Muhammad, Azizah; Choi, Jongeun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Choi, Jongeun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jchoi@egr.msu.edu; liweim@anr.msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013; OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518; Choi, Jongeun/0000-0002-7532-5315 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0846547, IOB0517491, IOB0450916] FX We thank the staffs of U.S. Geological Survey Hammond Bay Biological Station, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station and Department of Fisheries and Ocean, Sea Lamprey Control Centre for facilities, sea lamprey, and equipment. Terrance Hubert, Jane Rivera, and David Kennedy of U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Sciences Center helped obtain pheromone use permits from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Dolly Trump and Lydia Lorenz provided access to their private lands to conduct field experiments. Thanks to Joseph Bednark, Cory Brant, Nicole Griewahn, Abby Johnson, Margo Nowak, David Partyka, Aaron Smuda, and Erin Walaszczyk for field assistance. Use of trademark names does not represent endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1710 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. In-stream field experiments were supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. A. Muhammad and J. Choi were supported by the National Science Foundation through CAREER Award CMMI-0846547. W. Li was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Awards IOB0517491 and IOB0450916. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 77 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 66 IS 12 BP 1557 EP 1567 DI 10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 035YY UT WOS:000310991600002 ER PT J AU Wright, HM Bacon, CR Vazquez, JA Sisson, TW AF Wright, Heather Michelle Bacon, Charles R. Vazquez, Jorge A. Sisson, Thomas W. TI Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cl, B, Be, F, H2O, CO2, S; Arc melt inclusions; Andesite recharge; Crater Lake caldera; Vapor-melt partitioning ID FE-TI OXIDES; MELT INCLUSIONS; SILICATE MELT; LARGE-VOLUME; NEW-ZEALAND; BASALTIC ANDESITE; VOLCANIC SYSTEMS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB The well-documented eruptive history of Mount Mazama, Oregon, provides an excellent opportunity to use pre-eruptive volatile concentrations to study the growth of an explosive silicic magmatic system. Melt inclusions (MI) hosted in pyroxene and plagioclase crystals from eight dacitic-rhyodacitic eruptive deposits (71-7.7 ka) were analyzed to determine variations in volatile-element concentrations and changes in magma storage conditions leading up to and including the climactic eruption of Crater Lake caldera. Temperatures (Fe-Ti oxides) increased through the series of dacites, then decreased, and increased again through the rhyodacites (918-968 to similar to 950 to 845-895 A degrees C). Oxygen fugacity began at nickel-nickel-oxide buffer (NNO) +0.8 (71 ka), dropped slightly to NNO +0.3, and then climbed to its highest value with the climactic eruption (7.7 ka) at NNO +1.1 log units. In parallel with oxidation state, maximum MI sulfur concentrations were high early in the eruptive sequence (similar to 500 ppm), decreased (to similar to 200 ppm), and then increased again with the climactic eruption (similar to 500 ppm). Maximum MI sulfur correlates with the Sr content (as a proxy for LREE, Ba, Rb, P2O5) of recharge magmas, represented by basaltic andesitic to andesitic enclaves and similar-aged lavas. These results suggest that oxidized Sr-rich recharge magmas dominated early and late in the development of the pre-climactic dacite-rhyodacite system. Dissolved H2O concentrations in MI do not, however, correlate with these changes in dominant recharge magma, instead recording vapor solubility relations in the developing shallow magma storage and conduit region. Dissolved H2O concentrations form two populations through time: the first at 3-4.6 wt% (with a few extreme values up to 6.1 wt%) and the second at a parts per thousand currency sign2.4 wt%. CO2 concentrations measured in a subset of these inclusions reach up to 240 ppm in early-erupted deposits (71 ka) and are below detection in climactic deposits (7.7 ka). Combined H2O and CO2 concentrations and solubility models indicate a dominant storage region at 4-7 km (up to 12 km), with drier inclusions that diffusively re-equilibrated and/or were trapped at shallower depths. Boron and Cl (except in the climactic deposit) largely remained in the melt, suggesting vapor-melt partition coefficients and gas fractions were low. Modeled Li, F, and S vapor-melt partition coefficients are higher than those of B and Cl. The decrease in maximum MI CO2 concentration following the earliest dacitic eruptions is interpreted to result from a broadening of the shallow storage region to greater than the diameter of subjacent feeders, so that greater proportions of reservoir magma were to the side of CO2-bearing vapor bubbles ascending vertically from the locus of recharge magma injection, thereby escaping recarbonation by streaming vapor bubbles. The Mazama melt inclusions provide a picture of a growing magma storage region, where chemical variations in melt and magma occur due to changes in the nature and supply rate of magma recharge, the timing of degassing, and the possible degree of equilibration with gases from below. C1 [Wright, Heather Michelle; Bacon, Charles R.; Vazquez, Jorge A.; Sisson, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wright, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hwright@usgs.gov OI Wright, Heather/0000-0001-9013-507X NR 96 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 036AQ UT WOS:000310999100008 ER PT J AU Till, CB Grove, TL Withers, AC AF Till, Christy B. Grove, Timothy L. Withers, Anthony C. TI Reply to 'Comment on "The beginnings of hydrous mantle wedge melting" by Till et al.' by Stalder SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE H2O-saturated; Peridotite solidus; Hydrous melting; Chlorite; Second critical end point ID DEGREES-C; PERIDOTITE; FLUIDS; WATER; BASALTS; SYSTEM; GPA AB The comment of Stalder raises three main concerns regarding the interpretation of the experiments presented by Till et al. (2012): (1) our inability to uniquely distinguish between high-pressure hydrous silicate melt and solute-rich aqueous fluid leads to the incorrect interpretation of phase relations, (2) the temperature interval over which hydrous melting takes places is inordinately large and contrary to expectations, and/or (3) the possibility that the system may be above the second critical end point (SCEP) in this H2O-rich silicate system has been insufficiently discussed. In this reply, we provide clarification on these concerns and argue that with the extent of knowledge available today, the chemical characteristics of our experimental products at 3.2 and 4 GPa evince the presence of a silicate melt at temperatures < 1,000 A degrees C and we are below the SCEP in the peridotite-H2O system at the P-T conditions of our experiments. If in fact the quench observed in our experiments does represent that of a supercritical (SC) fluid, then our data suggest Mg and Fe are highly soluble in SC fluids at the P-T conditions of the base of the mantle wedge below arc volcanoes. Therefore, our results would require a significant change in thinking about the chemical compositional characteristics of SC fluids. C1 [Till, Christy B.; Grove, Timothy L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Withers, Anthony C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Till, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbtill@usgs.gov; tlgrove@mit.edu RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013; Withers, Anthony/J-4302-2012; Till, Christy/D-7771-2012 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969; Withers, Anthony/0000-0003-4835-4281; NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1076 DI 10.1007/s00410-012-0797-6 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 036AQ UT WOS:000310999100011 ER PT J AU Till, CB Grove, TL Withers, AC AF Till, Christy B. Grove, Timothy L. Withers, Anthony C. TI Reply to 'Comment on "The beginnings of hydrous mantle wedge melting" by Till et al.' by Green, Rosenthal and Kovacs SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE H2O-saturated; Peridotite solidus; Hydrous melting; Chlorite ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURES; WATER; PERIDOTITE; TEMPERATURES; AMPHIBOLE; H2O AB The comment of Green et al. debates the interpretation of the temperature of the H2O-saturated peridotite solidus and presence of silicate melt in the experiments of Till et al. (Contrib Mineral Petrol 163:669-688, 2012) at < 1,000 A degrees C. The criticisms presented in their comment do not invalidate any of the most compelling observations of Till et al. (Contrib Mineral Petrol 163:669-688, 2012) as discussed in the following response, including the changing minor element and Mg# composition of the solid phases with increasing temperature in our experiments with 14.5 wt% H2O at 3.2 GPa, as well as the results of our chlorite peridotite melting experiments with 0.7 wt% H2O. The point remains that Till et al. (Contrib Mineral Petrol 163:669-688, 2012) present data that call into question the H2O-saturated peridotite solidus temperature preferred by Green (Tectonophysics 13(1-4):47-71, 1972; Earth Planet Sci Lett 19(1):37-53, 1973; Can Miner 14:255-268, 1976); Millhollen et al. (J Geol 82(5):575-587, 1974); Mengel and Green (Stability of amphibole and phlogopite in metasomatized peridotite under water-saturated and water-undersaturated conditions, Geological Society of Australia Special Publication, Blackwell, pp 571-581, 1989); Wallace and Green (Mineral Petrol 44:1-19, 1991) and Green et al. (Nature 467(7314):448-451, 2010). C1 [Till, Christy B.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Withers, Anthony C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Till, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbtill@usgs.gov; tlgrove@mit.edu RI Till, Christy/D-7771-2012; Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013; Withers, Anthony/J-4302-2012 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969; Withers, Anthony/0000-0003-4835-4281 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1083 EP 1085 DI 10.1007/s00410-012-0803-z PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 036AQ UT WOS:000310999100013 ER PT J AU Harborne, AR Jelks, HL Smith-Vaniz, WF Rocha, LA AF Harborne, A. R. Jelks, H. L. Smith-Vaniz, W. F. Rocha, L. A. TI Abiotic and biotic controls of cryptobenthic fish assemblages across a Caribbean seascape SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression trees; Damselfishes; Marine reserves; Piscivory; Rotenone; Wave exposure ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BLENNIOID FISHES; RECRUITMENT; DEGRADATION; PATTERNS AB The majority of fish studies on coral reefs consider only non-cryptic species and, despite their functional importance, data on cryptic species are scarce. This study investigates inter-habitat variation in Caribbean cryptobenthic fishes by re-analysing a comprehensive data set from 58 rotenone stations around Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. Boosted regression trees were used to associate the density and diversity of non-piscivorous cryptobenthic fishes, both in the entire data set and on reef habitats alone, with 14 abiotic and biotic variables. The study also models the habitat requirements of the three commonest species. Dead coral cover was the first or second most important variable in six of the eight models constructed. For example, within the entire data set, the number of species and total fish density increased approximately linearly with increasing dead coral cover. Dead coral was also important in multivariate analyses that discriminated 10 assemblages within the entire data set. On reef habitats, the number of species and total fish density increased dramatically when dead coral exceeded similar to 55 %. Live coral cover was typically less important for explaining variance in fish assemblages than dead coral, but live corals were important for maintaining high fish diversity. Coral species favoured by cryptobenthic species may be particularly susceptible to mortality, but dead coral may also provide abundant food and shelter for many fishes. Piscivore density was a key variable in the final models, but typically increased with increasing cryptobenthic fish diversity and abundance, suggesting both groups of fishes are responding to the same habitat variables. The density of territorial damselfishes reduced the number of cryptobenthic fish species on reef habitats. Finally, habitats delineated by standard remote sensing techniques supported distinct cryptobenthic fish assemblages, suggesting that such maps can be used as surrogates of general patterns of cryptic fish biodiversity in conservation planning. C1 [Harborne, A. R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Harborne, A. R.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Harborne, A. R.] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Hatherly Lab, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. [Jelks, H. L.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Smith-Vaniz, W. F.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rocha, L. A.] Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Harborne, AR (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Goddard Bldg,St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM a.harborne@uq.edu.au RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011; Harborne, Alastair/F-6155-2013 OI Harborne, Alastair/0000-0002-6818-8615 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F015704/1] FX ARH is grateful to the Marine Spatial Ecology Laboratory for discussions which improved the paper, especially Y.-M. Bozec and P. Sutcliffe. We thank N. Wolff for preparation of Fig. 1 and Figure E4.1 in the ESM. ARH was supported by Fellowship NE/F015704/1 from the Natural Environment Research Council. We are grateful to NOAA/NOS, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, M. Monaco and Z. Hillis-Starr for generous assistance with the original study and permitting process (permit # BUIS-2001-SCI-0003). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 977 EP 990 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0938-4 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 036AS UT WOS:000310999300007 ER PT J AU Vidal-Martinez, VM Aguirre-Macedo, ML McLaughlin, JP Hechinger, RF Jaramillo, AG Shaw, JC James, AK Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD AF Vidal-Martinez, V. M. Aguirre-Macedo, M. L. McLaughlin, J. P. Hechinger, R. F. Jaramillo, A. G. Shaw, J. C. James, A. K. Kuris, A. M. Lafferty, K. D. TI Digenean metacercariae of fishes from the lagoon flats of Palmyra Atoll, Eastern Indo-Pacific SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; N.-SP DIGENEA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; HELMINTH COMMUNITIES; FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE; SPECIES RICHNESS; NINGALOO-REEF; MARINE FISHES; NEW-CALEDONIA; TREMATODES AB Although many studies on the taxonomy of digenean trematodes of marine fishes have been completed in the Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP) marine ecoregion, only a few have considered metacercarial stages. Here, the results are presented of a taxonomic survey of the digenean metacercariae of fishes from Palmyra Atoll, a remote and relatively pristine US National Wildlife Refuge located 1680 km SSW of Hawaii. Up to 425 individual fish were collected, comprising 42 fish species, from the sand flats bordering the lagoon of the atoll. Quantitative parasitological examinations of each fish were performed. Morphological descriptions of the encountered digenean metacercariae are provided, together with their prevalence, mean intensities, host and tissue-use. Up to 33,964 individuals were recovered representing 19 digenean metacercaria species from eight families. The species composition of digeneans in lagoon fishes at Palmyra Atoll is a subset of what has previously been reported for the EIP. Further, the large diversity and abundance of metacercariae reported in this study highlight the utility of including this group in future ecological research in the EIP marine ecoregion. C1 [Vidal-Martinez, V. M.; Aguirre-Macedo, M. L.; McLaughlin, J. P.; Hechinger, R. F.; Jaramillo, A. G.; Shaw, J. C.; James, A. K.; Kuris, A. M.; Lafferty, K. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, K. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Vidal-Martinez, V. M.; Aguirre-Macedo, M. L.] IPN, CINVESTAV, Lab Parasitol, Dept Recursos Mar,Unidad Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Vidal-Martinez, VM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM vvidal@mda.cinvestav.mx RI Vidal-Martinez, Victor/B-5607-2009; Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/A-2511-2008; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Vidal-Martinez, Victor/0000-0001-5514-2127; Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/0000-0002-3910-8305; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB); US Geological Survey; Secretaria de Educacion Publica-Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (SEP-PROMEP) [108929]; British Council; CONACyT FX The authors thank The Nature Conservancy staff for their support of research and are particularly indebted to Amanda Meyer (United States Fish and Wildlife Service), Franklin Viola, Brad Kintz, Aaron Kierzek, Jan Eber, Anthony Wilson and Lynette Williams. Gareth Williams and Ingrid Knapp shared their field knowledge. Dr Tomas Scholz and Dr William Cole made valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and the US Geological Survey funded travel and accommodation. This study was supported financially by the grant Secretaria de Educacion Publica-Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (SEP-PROMEP) 'Propuesta sobre Calentamiento Global y Cambio Climatico de la Red Academica de Instituciones SEP-PROMEP del Sureste: area Sensibilidad Marina', Fondos Mixtos Conacyt-Gobierno de Yucatan (FOMIX Yucatan) Grant 108929 'Sensibilidad y vulnerabilidad de los ecosistemas costeros del sureste de Mexico ante el Cambio Climatico Global' to V. M. V-M. This document is an output from the British Council Mexico Research Links Project funded by the British Council for the benefit of the Mexican Higher Education Sector and the UK Higher Education Sector. The UC-Mexus-CONACyT program provided funds for a sabbatical research fellowship to M. L. A-M. and V. M. V-M. at UCSB during the academic year 2009-10. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X EI 1475-2697 J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1017/S0022149X11000526 PG 17 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 034FQ UT WOS:000310856200017 PM 22217399 ER PT J AU Kraus, JM Vonesh, JR AF Kraus, Johanna M. Vonesh, James R. TI Fluxes of terrestrial and aquatic carbon by emergent mosquitoes: a test of controls and implications for cross-ecosystem linkages SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Allochthonous input; Aquatic-terrestrial linkages; Culex restuans; Food web; Habitat selection; Resource subsidies; Stable isotopes ID OVIPOSITION HABITAT SELECTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FOOD-WEB STABILITY; TREE HOLE MOSQUITO; CULISETA-LONGIAREOLATA; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; LEAF LITTER; PREDATION; DYNAMICS AB Adult aquatic insects are a common resource for many terrestrial predators, often considered to subsidize terrestrial food webs. However, larval aquatic insects themselves consume both aquatic primary producers and allochthonous terrestrial detritus, suggesting that adults could provide aquatic subsidy and/or recycled terrestrial energy to terrestrial consumers. Understanding the source of carbon (aquatic vs. terrestrial) driving aquatic insect emergence is important for predicting magnitude of emergence and effects on recipient food web dynamics; yet direct experimental tests of factors determining source are lacking. Here, we use Culex mosquitoes in experimental pools as an exemplar to test how variation in general factors common to aquatic systems (terrestrial plant inputs and light) may alter the source and amount of energy exported to terrestrial ecosystems in adult aquatic insects that rely on terrestrial resources as larvae. We found strong sequential effects of terrestrial plant inputs and light on aquatic insect oviposition, diet, and emergence of Culex mosquitoes. Ovipositing mosquitoes laid similar to 3 times more egg masses in high terrestrial input pools under low light conditions. This behavior increased adult emergence from pools under low light conditions; however, high input pools (which had the highest mosquito densities) showed low emergence rates due to density-dependent mortality. Mosquito diets consisted mainly of terrestrial resources (similar to 70-90 %). As a result, the amount of aquatic carbon exported from pools by mosquitoes during the experiment was similar to 18 times higher from low versus high light pools, while exports of terrestrial carbon peaked from pools receiving intermediate levels of inputs (3-6 times higher) and low light (similar to 6 times higher). Our results suggest that understanding the interplay among terrestrial plant inputs, light availability and biotic responses of aquatic insects may be key in predicting source and magnitude of emergence, and thus the strength and effects of aquatic-terrestrial linkages in freshwater systems. C1 [Kraus, Johanna M.; Vonesh, James R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Trani Ctr Life Sci, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Kraus, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Blg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jkraus@usgs.gov RI Vonesh, James/I-1573-2013 OI Vonesh, James/0000-0003-2481-9988 FU VCU Inger and Walter Rice Center for Environmental Life Sciences, VCU Department of Biology; National Science Foundation [DEB-0717200] FX We appreciate the help of L. Smock, L. McCallister, G. O'Meara, J. Hite, C. Asquith, Z. Costa, P. Shirk, and S. Gifford with experimental planning, field work, and sample processing. Thanks to A. Wright, D. Walters, K. Caillouet, L. Bulluck, H. Houtz, R. Komosinski, J. Charbonnier, K. McCluney and several anonymous reviewers for comments. Drawings by E. Losinio and G. Kuznetsov at the VCU Design Center. Funding by VCU Inger and Walter Rice Center for Environmental Life Sciences, VCU Department of Biology and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0717200). VCU Rice Center Contribution number 023. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 94 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 170 IS 4 BP 1111 EP 1122 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2369-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036AT UT WOS:000310999400022 PM 22707036 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Shaffer, TL Sherfy, MH Sovada, MA Stucker, JH Wiltermuth, MT AF Anteau, Michael J. Shaffer, Terry L. Sherfy, Mark H. Sovada, Marsha A. Stucker, Jennifer H. Wiltermuth, Mark T. TI Nest survival of piping plovers at a dynamic reservoir indicates an ecological trap for a threatened population SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Flooding; Productivity; Recruitment; Shorebird; Waterbird ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; SITE SELECTION; PREDATOR EXCLOSURES; CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; SASKATCHEWAN; PRODUCTIVITY; SHOREBIRDS; TERRITORY; CHICKS AB In the past 60 years, reservoirs have reshaped riverine ecosystems and transformed breeding habitats used by the threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plover). Currently, 29 % of the Northern Great Plains plover population nests at reservoirs that might function as ecological traps because reservoirs have more diverse habitat features and greater dynamics in water levels than habitats historically used by breeding plovers. We examined factors influencing daily survival rates (DSR) of 346 plover nests at Lake Sakakawea (SAK; reservoir) during 2006-2009 by evaluating multiple a priori models, and we used our best model to hindcast nest success of plovers during 1985-2009. Our observed and hindcast estimates of nest success were low compared to published estimates. Previous findings indicate that plovers prefer nest sites that are low relative to water level. We found that elevation of nests above the water level had a strong positive correlation with DSR because water levels of SAK typically increased throughout the nesting period. Habitat characteristics on the reservoir differ from those that shaped nest-site selection for plovers. Accordingly, extraordinary nest loss occurs there in many years, largely due to inundation of nests, and based on low fledging rates those losses were not compensated by potential changes in chick survival. Therefore, our example supports the concept of ecological traps in birds because it addresses quantitative assessments of habitat preference and productivity over 25 years (since species listing) and affects a large portion of the population. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.; Shaffer, Terry L.; Sherfy, Mark H.; Sovada, Marsha A.; Stucker, Jennifer H.; Wiltermuth, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU US Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section; Garrison Project Office FX This study was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers' Missouri River Recovery Program through financial and logistical support from the Corps' Omaha District Threatened and Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office. We are grateful for technical support by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Research Team. We thank Melisa Bernard, Phil Brown, Deb Buhl, Tom Buhl, Colin Dovichin, Anthony Hipp, Coral Huber, Casey Kruse, Michael Morris, Brandi Skone, Nickolas Smith, and Ryan Williamson for help with project planning and logistics, and the many field technicians for their assistance with data collection. Lastly, we are indebted to Max Post van der Burg, Erin Roche, and anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Our field protocols were approved by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 170 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1179 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2384-y PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036AT UT WOS:000310999400027 PM 22700065 ER PT J AU Geroni, JN Cravotta, CA Sapsford, DJ AF Geroni, J. N. Cravotta, C. A., III Sapsford, D. J. TI Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO2 degassing SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NET ALKALINITY; MINE DRAINAGE; IRON; GROUNDWATER; FIELD AB The rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation from groundwater are highly pH dependent. Elevated levels of dissolved CO2 can depress pH and cause difficulty in removing dissolved Fe and associated metals during treatment of ferruginous water. This paper demonstrates interdependent changes in pH, dissolved inorganic C species, and Fe(II) oxidation rates that occur as a result of the removal (degassing) of CO2 during aeration of waters discharged from abandoned coal mines. The results of field monitoring of aeration cascades at a treatment facility as well as batchwise aeration experiments conducted using net alkaline and net acidic waters in the UK are combined with geochemical modelling to demonstrate the spatial and temporal evolution of the discharge water chemistry. The aeration cascades removed approximately 67% of the dissolved CO2 initially present but varying the design did not affect the concentration of Fe(II) leaving the treatment ponds. Continued removal of the residual CO2 by mechanical aeration increased pH by as much as 2 units and resulted in large increases in the rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation. Effective exsolution of CO2 led to a reduction in the required lime dose for removal of remaining Fe(II), a very important factor with regard to increasing the sustainability of treatment practices. An important ancillary finding for passive treatment is that varying the design of the cascades had little impact on the rate of CO2 removal at the flow rates measured. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Geroni, J. N.; Sapsford, D. J.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Cravotta, C. A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Geroni, JN (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Engn, Queens Bldg, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM geronijn@cf.ac.uk RI Geroni, Jennifer/A-8734-2010 OI Geroni, Jennifer/0000-0002-0639-1511 FU UK Coal Authority; EPSRC; Cardiff University FX The authors would like to thank the UK Coal Authority, EPSRC, and Cardiff University for their financial support of the project. Helpful comments on the draft manuscript were provided by Carl S. Kirby and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2335 EP 2347 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032YS UT WOS:000310757600007 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB Clor, LE Lowenstern, JB Evans, WC Nordstrom, DK Heasler, H Huebner, MA AF McCleskey, R. Blaine Clor, Laura E. Lowenstern, Jacob B. Evans, William C. Nordstrom, D. Kirk Heasler, Henry Huebner, Mark A. TI Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; INORGANIC SOLUTES; CHLORIDE FLUX; WATERS; FATE; DISCHARGE; CHEMISTRY; SURFACE AB The thermal output from the Yellowstone magma chamber can be estimated from the Cl flux in the major rivers in Yellowstone National Park; and by utilizing continuous discharge and electrical conductivity measurements the Cl flux can be calculated. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes (Na, SO4, F, HCO3, SiO2, K, Li, B, and As) was quantified at monitoring sites along the Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers, which receive discharge from some of the largest and most active geothermal areas in Yellowstone. Except for some trace elements, most solutes behave conservatively and the ratios between geothermal solute concentrations are constant in the Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers. Hence, dissolved concentrations of Cl, Na, SO4, F, HCO3, SiO2, K, Li, Ca, B and As correlate well with conductivity (R-2 > 0.9 for most solutes) and most exhibit linear trends. The 2011 flux for Cl, SO4, F and HCO3 determined using automated conductivity sensors and discharge data from nearby USGS gaging stations is in good agreement with those of previous years (1983-1994 and 1997-2008) at each of the monitoring sites. Continuous conductivity monitoring provides a cost-and labor-effective alternative to existing protocols whereby flux is estimated through manual collection of numerous water samples and subsequent chemical analysis. Electrical conductivity data also yield insights into a variety of topics of research interest at Yellowstone and elsewhere: (1) Geyser eruptions are easily identified and the solute flux quantified with conductivity data. (2) Short-term heavy rain events can produce conductivity anomalies due to dissolution of efflorescent salts that are temporarily trapped in and around geyser basins during low-flow periods. During a major rain event in October 2010, 180,000 kg of additional solute was measured in the Madison River. (3) The output of thermal water from the Gibbon River appears to have increased by about 0.2%/a in recent years, while the output of thermal water for the Firehole River shows a decrease of about 10% from 1983 to 2011. Confirmation of these trends will require continuing Cl flux monitoring over the coming decades. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McCleskey, R. Blaine; Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Clor, Laura E.; Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Evans, William C.; Huebner, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rbmccles@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 FU National Park Service; Yellowstone Volcano Observatory; National Research Program of the USGS FX We thank the staff of Yellowstone National Park for permission to collect samples and for their assistance on numerous occasions. Christie Hendrix and Stacey Gunther assisted with the permission. We are grateful for the help provided by Dan Mahony, Randall Chiu and Timothy Moloney who collected and analyzed samples. We also would like to thank Kate Campbell for her thoughtful review. This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Park Service, the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, and the National Research Program of the USGS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2370 EP 2381 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.019 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032YS UT WOS:000310757600010 ER PT J AU Peterman, ZE Thamke, J Futa, K Preston, T AF Peterman, Zell E. Thamke, Joanna Futa, Kiyoto Preston, Todd TI Strontium isotope systematics of mixing groundwater and oil-field brine at Goose Lake in northeastern Montana, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER; WATERS AB Groundwater, surface water, and soil in the Goose Lake oil field in northeastern Montana have been affected by Cl -rich oil-field brines during long-term petroleum production. Ongoing multidisciplinary geochemical and geophysical studies have identified the degree and local extent of interaction between brine and groundwater. Fourteen samples representing groundwater, surface water, and brine were collected for Sr isotope analyses to evaluate the usefulness of Sr-87/Sr-86 in detecting small amounts of brine. Differences in Sr concentrations and Sr-87/Sr-86 are optimal at this site for the experiment. Strontium concentrations range from 0.13 to 36.9 mg/L, and corresponding Sr-87/Sr-86 values range from 0.71097 to 0.70828. The local brine has 168 mg/L Sr and a Sr-87/Sr-86 value of 0.70802. Mixing relationships are evident in the data set and illustrate the sensitivity of Sr in detecting small amounts of brine in groundwater. The location of data points on a Sr isotope-concentration plot is readily explained by an evaporation-mixing model. The model is supported by the variation in concentrations of most of the other solutes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peterman, Zell E.; Futa, Kiyoto] US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thamke, Joanna] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Preston, Todd] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Peterman, ZE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pezell1001@msn.com OI Preston, Todd/0000-0002-8812-9233 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2403 EP 2408 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.004 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032YS UT WOS:000310757600013 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Shi, SB Wang, TG Zhong, NN Wang, GL Cui, JW AF Li, Meijun Shi, Shengbao Wang, T. -G. Zhong, Ningning Wang, Guangli Cui, Jingwei TI The occurrence and distribution of phenylphenanthrenes, phenylanthracenes and binaphthyls in Palaeozoic to Cenozoic shales from China SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; BOHAI BAY BASIN; RETENTION INDEX SYSTEM; NIUZHUANG SOUTH SLOPE; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; CRUDE OILS; PART 1; HYDROCARBONS; IDENTIFICATION AB The distributions of phenylphenanthrenes, phenylanthracenes and binaphthyls in sediment extracts have been investigated in a set of lacustrine shales from the Eocene Shahejie Formation (well SG 1) in the western Depression of Liaohe Basin, East China. All isomers of these phenyl substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified in the m/z 254 mass chromatograms by comparison of the mass spectra and standard retention indices with those published elsewhere. The 2,2'-binaphtyl/1,2'-binaphthyl ratio values show a linear increase with increasing maturity, and have a good correlation with T-max (degrees C). Therefore, they can be used as an effective maturity indictor for source rocks in this study. In the main phase of the oil generation window, the 3-phenylphenanthrene and 2-phenylphenanthrene prevail over other isomers, and some thermodynamically unstable isomers including all phenylanthracenes, 4-phenylphenanthrene and 1,1'-binaphthyl are present at very low concentrations or below the detection limit in the m/z 254 mass chromatograms. The absolute concentrations of individual phenylphenanthrene and binaphthyl isomers were obtained by comparison of the peak areas with that of internal standard phenanthrene-d10. All isomers are present at low concentrations at low maturity stages and then show an abrupt increase at a depth of approximate to 3100 m, corresponding to the onset of the intensive C15+ hydro-carbon generation. The Phenylphenanthrene Ratio (2-+ 3-PhP)/[(2-+ 3-PhP) + (4-+ 1-+ 9-PhP)] shows a reverse change with increasing maturity at the low maturity stage. It displays a drastic increase at a depth of approximate to 3100 m and then remains at a nearly constant value. This study can expand the understanding of the formation and distribution of phenyl substituted PAHs in sedimentary organic matter deposited in various environments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Meijun; Shi, Shengbao; Wang, T. -G.; Zhong, Ningning; Wang, Guangli] China Univ Petr, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Coll Geosci, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Cui, Jingwei] PetroChina, Petr Geol Res & Lab Ctr PGRL, RIPED, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Energy & Resources Sci Res Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM meijunli2008@hotmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41072101]; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting [PRPDX-200801] FX The work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072101) and the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (PRPDX-200801). The authors are grateful for the assistance of Lei Zhu, Fulin Yang and Liwen Zhang in the GC-MS analysis. Hui Wang of the Liaohe oil field of Petrochina and Yue Chen of the Southwest oil field of SINOPEC provided much help with sample collection and field trips. Meijun Li is highly indebted to Dr. Geoffrey S. Ellis for assistance during Dr. Li's stay as a visiting scholar at the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors would like to thank Dr. Leszek Marynowski and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and constructive suggestions which significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2560 EP 2569 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.09.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032YS UT WOS:000310757600026 ER PT J AU Kang, SR King, SL AF Kang, Sung-Ryong King, Sammy L. TI Influence of salinity and prey presence on the survival of aquatic macroinvertebrates of a freshwater marsh SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic macroinvertebrate; Salinity tolerance; Prey availability; Freshwater marsh ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CHENIER PLAIN; AUSTRALIA; TOLERANCE; SENSITIVITY; VICTORIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; SALINIZATION; COMMUNITIES; WETLANDS AB Salinization of coastal freshwater environments is a global issue. Increased salinity from sea level rise, storm surges, or other mechanisms is common in coastal freshwater marshes of Louisiana, USA. The effects of salinity increases on aquatic macroinvertebrates in these systems have received little attention, despite the importance of aquatic macroinvertebrates for nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and as a food source for vertebrate species. We used microcosm experiments to evaluate the effects of salinity, duration of exposure, and prey availability on the relative survival of dominant aquatic macroinvertebrates (i.e., Procambarus clarkii Girard, Cambarellus puer Hobbs, Libellulidae, Dytiscidae cybister) in a freshwater marsh of southwestern Louisiana. We hypothesized that increased salinity, absence of prey, and increased duration of exposure would decrease survival of aquatic macroinvertebrates and that crustaceans would have higher survival than aquatic insect taxon. Our first hypothesis was only partially supported as only salinity increases combined with prolonged exposure duration affected aquatic macroinvertebrate survival. Furthermore, crustaceans had higher survival than aquatic insects. Salinity stress may cause mortality when acting together with other stressful conditions. C1 [Kang, Sung-Ryong; King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kang, SR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Rm 307,RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM skang1@tigers.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant; International Crane Foundation; Louisiana State University AgCenter Animal Care and Use protocol [AE2008-012] FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant with support also from the International Crane Foundation. We thank M. La Peyre, J. A. Nyman, R. Keim, and A. Rutherford for their critical insights. We acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of J. Linscombe and R. Cormier. In addition, we are grateful to M. Kaller for statistical assistance. Collections were made under Louisiana State University AgCenter Animal Care and Use protocol (#AE2008-012). The use of trade, product, or industry firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9410-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 029ZM UT WOS:000310537400003 ER PT J AU Toussaint, RK Scheel, D Sage, GK Talbot, SL AF Toussaint, R. K. Scheel, D. Sage, G. K. Talbot, S. L. TI Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Enteroctopus dofleini; Phylogeographic; Phylogenetic; Microsatellite; Mitochondrial ID CEPHALOPODA OCTOPODIDAE; ENTEROCTOPUS-DOFLEINI; NORTH PACIFIC; DNA VARIATION; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE; VULGARIS; PATTERNS; SEA AB Multiple species of large octopus are known from the north Pacific waters around Japan, however only one large species is known in the Gulf of Alaska (the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini). Current taxonomy of E. dofleini is based on geographic and morphological characteristics, although with advances in genetic technology that is changing. Here, we used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I), three nuclear genes (rhodopsin, octopine dehydrogenase, and paired-box 6), and 18 microsatellite loci for phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses of octopuses collected from across southcentral and the eastern Aleutian Islands (Dutch Harbor), Alaska. Our results suggest the presence of a cryptic Enteroctopus species that is allied to, but distinguished from E. dofleini in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Existence of an undescribed and previously unrecognized taxon raises important questions about the taxonomy of octopus in southcentral Alaska waters. C1 [Toussaint, R. K.; Scheel, D.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sage, G. K.; Talbot, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Toussaint, RK (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rtoussaint@gmail.com FU Pollock Conservation Cooperative through Alaska Pacific University; Alaska Space Grant Program; Jacobs Engineering; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Alaska Pacific University FX We thank Sarah Sonsthagen and C. Roman Dial for laboratory and analytical assistance, also Gordon Scott, Reid Brewer, Robert Berceli, and Elisa Russ for obtaining samples. Also, thanks to Henry Tomingas for sampling equipment and boat use, Christy Beaty for GIS mapping, Meg Fowler for help with figures, and John Pearce and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We acknowledge the late P. R. Rigby for inspiring this study. Thanks to Richard, Susan, and Kathryn Toussaint, Paul Kelly, Jennifer Wehrmann, Roman J. Dial, and many others for their support and collaboration with this project. Funds for this research were provided by the Pollock Conservation Cooperative through Alaska Pacific University, the Alaska Space Grant Program, Jacobs Engineering, U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, and Alaska Pacific University. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1497 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 031LQ UT WOS:000310642300005 ER PT J AU Scherer, RD Muths, E Noon, BR Oyler-McCance, SJ AF Scherer, Rick D. Muths, Erin Noon, Barry R. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. TI The genetic structure of a relict population of wood frogs SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Habitat fragmentation; Genetic differentiation; Amphibians; Lithobates sylvatica ID DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; TOAD BUFO-CALAMITA; RANA-SYLVATICA; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HUMAN IMPACTS AB Habitat fragmentation and the associated reduction in connectivity between habitat patches are commonly cited causes of genetic differentiation and reduced genetic variation in animal populations. We used eight microsatellite markers to investigate genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity in a relict population of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvatica) in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, where recent disturbances have altered hydrologic processes and fragmented amphibian habitat. We also estimated migration rates among subpopulations, tested for a pattern of isolation-by-distance, and looked for evidence of a recent population bottleneck. The results from the clustering algorithm in Program STRUCTURE indicated the population is partitioned into two genetic clusters (subpopulations), and this result was further supported by factorial component analysis. In addition, an estimate of F-ST (F-ST = 0.0675, P value < 0.0001) supported the genetic differentiation of the two clusters. Estimates of migration rates among the two subpopulations were low, as were estimates of genetic variability. Conservation of the population of wood frogs may be improved by increasing the spatial distribution of the population and improving gene flow between the subpopulations. Construction or restoration of wetlands in the landscape between the clusters has the potential to address each of these objectives. C1 [Scherer, Rick D.; Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Muths, Erin; Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Scherer, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scherer@rams.colostate.edu FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; Denver University; Rocky Mountain National Park FX The authors thank M. B. Albrechtsen and C. Knopf for collecting samples. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative, Denver University's Partners in Scholarship, and Rocky Mountain National Park. The methods in this study were approved by Colorado State University's Animal Care and Use Committee (permit numbers 05-012A-01). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 407 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1521 EP 1530 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0395-1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 031LQ UT WOS:000310642300008 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Tucker, KP King, TL Bonde, RK Gray, BA McGuire, PM AF Hunter, Margaret E. Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. Tucker, Kimberly Pause King, Timothy L. Bonde, Robert K. Gray, Brian A. McGuire, Peter M. TI Puerto Rico and Florida manatees represent genetically distinct groups SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite DNA; Mitochondria DNA; Marine mammal; Endangered species; Distinct population segment; Landscape genetics; Phylogenetics; Conservation genetics ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; LATIROSTRIS; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; INFORMATION AB The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) populations in Florida (T. m. latirostris) and Puerto Rico (T. m. manatus) are considered distinct subspecies and are listed together as endangered under the United States Endangered Species Act. Sustained management and conservation efforts for the Florida subspecies have led to the suggested reclassification of the species to a threatened or delisted status. However, the two populations are geographically distant, morphologically distinct, and habitat degradation and boat strikes continue to threaten the Puerto Rico population. Here, 15 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial control region sequences were used to determine the relatedness of the two populations and investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeographic organization of the Puerto Rico population. Highly divergent allele frequencies were identified between Florida and Puerto Rico using microsatellite (F-ST = 0.16; R-ST = 0.12 (P < 0.001)) and mitochondrial (F-ST = 0.66; Dcurrency sign Phi(ST) = 0.50 (P < 0.001)) DNA. Microsatellite Bayesian cluster analyses detected two populations (K = 2) and no admixture or recent migrants between Florida (q = 0.99) and Puerto Rico (q = 0.98). The microsatellite genetic diversity values in Puerto Rico (H-E = 0.45; N-A = 3.9), were similar, but lower than those previously identified in Florida (H-E = 0.48, N-A = 4.8). Within Puerto Rico, the mitochondrial genetic diversity values (pi = 0.001; h = 0.49) were slightly lower than those previously reported (pi = 0.002; h = 0.54) and strong phylogeographic structure was identified (F-ST (global) = 0.82; Phi(ST) (global) = 0.78 (P < 0.001)). The genetic division with Florida, low diversity, small population size (N = 250), and distinct threats and habitat emphasize the need for separate protections in Puerto Rico. Conservation efforts including threat mitigation, migration corridors, and protection of subpopulations could lead to improved genetic variation in the endangered Puerto Rico manatee population. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.; Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hunter, Margaret E.; Bonde, Robert K.; McGuire, Peter M.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.] Inter Amer Univ Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Manatee Conservat Ctr, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Tucker, Kimberly Pause] Stevenson Univ, Dept Biol, Stevenson, MD 21153 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Gray, Brian A.] Univ Florida, Div Genet, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov OI Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873; Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU USGS; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Aquatic Animal Health Program; National Science Foundation; Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature FX This work was conducted under the USFWS Wildlife Research Permit MA791721, issued to the USGS, Sirenia Project. Manatee rescue, carcass salvage, and specimen collection in Puerto Rico were conducted under USFWS permits PRT-770191, and under a cooperative agreement with Puerto Rico's Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. All samples were provided by the USGS, Sirenia Project and Caribbean Stranding Network. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS, the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Aquatic Animal Health Program, the National Science Foundation and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature. We would like to thank James Reid (USGS) and the reviewers for their guidance and critical review. We also would like to thank Ginger Clark, Sean McCann, and the Genetic Analysis Laboratory of the University of Florida for assistance with laboratory analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Caribbean Stranding Network members and volunteers in the rescue, salvage, and necropsy of the manatee carcasses. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 95 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1623 EP 1635 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0414-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 031LQ UT WOS:000310642300016 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JA McCleery, R Seavey, JR Devitt, SE Schmidt, PM AF Schmidt, Jason A. McCleery, Robert Seavey, Jennifer R. Cameron Devitt, Susan E. Schmidt, Paige M. TI Impacts of a half century of sea-level rise and development on an endangered mammal SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal development; coastal squeeze; endangered species; Lower Keys marsh rabbit; sea-level rise ID KEYS MARSH RABBIT; COASTAL EROSION; FLORIDA KEYS; HABITAT; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; AGREEMENT; LAGOMORPH; ACCURACY AB The extraordinary growth of human populations and development in coastal areas over the last half century has eliminated and degraded coastal habitats and threatened the persistence of associated wildlife. Moreover, human-induced sea-level rise (SLR) is projected to further eliminate and alter the same coastal ecosystems, especially low-lying regions. Whereas habitat loss and wildlife population declines from development are well documented, contemporary SLR has not yet been implicated in declines of coastal faunal populations. In addition, the projection of severe synergistic impacts from the combination of development and SLR is well described, yet the scientific literature offers little empirical evidence of the influence of these forces on coastal wildlife. Analysis of aerial photographs from 1959 to 2006 provided evidence of a 64% net loss of the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit's (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri; LKMR) habitat, the majority due to SLR (>48%). Furthermore, there was a strong negative relationship between the proportion of development per island and the amount of new habitat formed. Islands with modest development (less than 8% of land area) saw formation of new areas of marsh vegetation suitable for rabbits, whereas islands with 8% or more of their lands developed between 1959 and 2006 saw little to no addition of LKMR habitat. Only 8% of habitat loss was directly due to conversion to impervious surfaces, indicating that the greatest threats from development were indirect, including blocking of the inland migration of habitat triggered by SLR. Our results were consistent with an ongoing squeeze of coastal ecosystems between rising seas and development as a threat to LKMR habitat, which raises concern for a wide variety of coastal species. Our results provide evidence that SLR has become a contemporary conservation concern, one that is exacerbated by development, and expected to increase in magnitude as ocean waters continue to rise. C1 [McCleery, Robert; Seavey, Jennifer R.; Cameron Devitt, Susan E.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmidt, Jason A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schmidt, Paige M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Sci, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. RP McCleery, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 314 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ramccleery@ufl.edu RI Cameron Devitt, Susan/E-2659-2013; OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X FU University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; Texas A&M University Agrilife; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX Financial support for this project was provided by The University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Texas A&M University Agrilife. J. R. S. acknowledges support from U.S. Federal Stimulus Funds provided by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. We thank M. P. Moulton and two anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of this manuscript, N. J. Silvy and R. A. Feagin for technical and conceptual advice, and R. E. Loughridge, D. L. Gallant. J. Ivy, and A. J. Dedrickson for help with the collection of field data. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 12 BP 3536 EP 3542 DI 10.1111/gcb.12024 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030IK UT WOS:000310564200006 ER PT J AU Terry, RG Bartel, JA Adams, RP AF Terry, Randall G. Bartel, Jim A. Adams, Robert P. TI Phylogenetic relationships among the New World cypresses (Hesperocyparis; Cupressaceae): evidence from noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE New World cypresses (NWC); Hesperocyparis; Western cypress; Noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA); Phylogenetic relationships ID XANTHOCYPARIS-VIETNAMENSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MIXED MODELS AB Nearly 5.6 kb of noncoding chloroplast DNA sequence was combined with 9.2 kb of previously published sequence in addressing phylogenetic relationships among Callitropsis, Xanthocyparis, and the New World cypresses (Hesperocyparis; Cupressaceae). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of aligned nucleotide sequence and coded length mutations provide strong support for several relationships. These include a clade in which Xanthocyparis and Callitropsis are successively nested at the base of a monophyletic Hesperocyparis and identification of H. bakeri as sister to the remaining Hesperocyparis. Two principal clades are recovered within Hesperocyparis; (1) the Arizonica group, which contains taxa sometimes recognized as varieties of H. lusitanica, H. guadalupensis, and H. arizonica, and (2) the Macrocarpa group, which contains H. macrocarpa and H. goveniana and its allies. Our results are equivocal with respect to placement of H. macnabiana, a morphologically distinct species resolved as the sister group to either the Macrocarpa or Arizonica group, depending on the data set analyzed. We discover many instances in which taxa recognized as varieties or closely related species are placed in disparate parts of the phylogeny. These include segregates of H. lusitanica, H. guadalupensis, and H. arizonica, all of which are included in clades with other species. Despite analyzing 14,799 bp of aligned sequence and 230 binary characters, we find poor support for several relationships, especially within the Arizonica group. These results suggest recovery of well-supported relationships among the closely related taxa of Hesperocyparis will require additional sources of evidence (e.g., morphological, biochemical characters). Implications for morphological evolution and taxonomic revision are discussed. C1 [Terry, Randall G.] Lamar Univ, Dept Biol, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Bartel, Jim A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Adams, Robert P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Terry, RG (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Biol, POB 10037, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM rgterry@lamar.edu FU Biology Department and the College of Natural Sciences, Lamar University FX We thank Jeff Pittman for assistance with DNA extractions and for writing Python programs useful in sequence management and analysis. We acknowledge the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers and Isabel San Martin and their role in the improvement of an earlier draft of the manuscript. Support from the Biology Department and the College of Natural Sciences, Lamar University, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 298 IS 10 BP 1987 EP 2000 DI 10.1007/s00606-012-0696-3 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 032VW UT WOS:000310748200016 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ Clark, SG AF Mattson, David J. Clark, Susan G. TI The discourses of incidents: cougars on Mt. Elden and in Sabino Canyon, Arizona SO POLICY SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Focusing event; Wildlife management; Coalition; Power; Decision process ID POLICY CHANGE THEORY; GREATER YELLOWSTONE; SPOTTED OWL; WILDLIFE; CONFLICT; MANAGEMENT; MEDIA; PSYCHOLOGY; ATTITUDES; STORIES AB Incidents are relatively short periods of intensified discourse that arise from public responses to symbolically important actions by public officials, and an important part of the conflict that increasingly surrounds state wildlife management in the West. In an effort to better understand incidents as a facet of this conflict, we analyzed the discourses of two incidents in Arizona that were precipitated by the intended removal of cougars by managers in response to public safety concerns. We used newspaper content, 1999-2007, to elucidate seminal patterns of public discourses and discourse coalitions as well as differences in discursive focus between incident periods and background periods. Cougars were mentioned in newspaper articles 13-33 times more often during incidents compared with background periods. State wildlife agency commissioners and hunters were part of a discourse coalition that advocated killing cougars to solve problems, blamed cougars and those who promoted the animals' intrinsic value and sought to retain power to define and solve cougar-related problems. Personnel from affected state and federal agencies expressed a similar discourse. Environmentalists, animal protection activists, and some elected officials were of a coalition that defined "the problem" primarily in terms of people's behaviors, including behaviors associated with current institutional arrangements. This discourse advocated decentralizing power over cougar management. The discourses reflected different preferences for the allocations of power and use of lethal versus non-lethal methods, which aligned with apparent core beliefs and participants' enfranchisement or disenfranchisement by current state-level management power arrangements. C1 [Mattson, David J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Clark, Susan G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Inst Social & Policy Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM David_Mattson@usgs.gov; susan.g.clark@yale.edu NR 98 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-2687 EI 1573-0891 J9 POLICY SCI JI Policy Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 IS 4 BP 315 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s11077-012-9158-6 PG 29 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public Administration; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 031GH UT WOS:000310626900002 ER PT J AU Lucas, LV Thompson, JK AF Lucas, Lisa V. Thompson, Janet K. TI Changing restoration rules: Exotic bivalves interact with residence time and depth to control phytoplankton productivity SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE benthic; bivalve; clam; Corbicula fluminea; exotic; grazing; hydrodynamic; non-native; phytoplankton; productivity; residence time; restoration ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; SCHELDT ESTUARY; SACRAMENTO RIVER; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; BLOOM DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT TIME; MIXING DEPTHS; HUDSON RIVER; MIXED-LAYER AB Non-native species are a prevalent ecosystem stressor that can interact with other stressors to confound resource management and restoration. We examine how interactions between physical habitat attributes and a particular category of non-native species (invasive bivalves) influence primary production in aquatic ecosystems. Using mathematical models, we show how intuitive relationships between phytoplankton productivity and controllable physical factors (water depth, hydraulic transport time) that hold in the absence of bivalves can be complicated - and even reversed - by rapid bivalve grazing. In lightlimited environments without bivalves, shallow, hydrodynamically "slow'' habitats should generally have greater phytoplankton biomass and productivity than deeper, "faster'' habitats. But shallower, slower environments can be less productive than deeper, faster ones if benthic grazing is strong. Moreover, shallower and slower waters exhibit a particularly broad range of possible productivity outcomes that can depend on whether bivalves are present. Since it is difficult to predict the response of non-native bivalves to habitat restoration, outcomes for new shallow, slow environments can be highly uncertain. Habitat depth and transport time should therefore not be used as indicators of phytoplankton biomass and production where bivalve colonization is possible. This study provides for ecosystem management a particular example of a broad lesson: abiotic ecosystem stressors should be managed with explicit consideration of interactions with other major (including biotic) stressors. We discuss the applicability and management implications of our models and results for a range of aquatic system types, with a case study focused on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA). Simple mathematical models like those used here can illuminate interactions between ecosystem stressors and provide process-based guidance for resource managers as they develop strategies to augment valued populations, restore habitats, and manipulate ecosystem functions. C1 [Lucas, Lisa V.; Thompson, Janet K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lucas, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM llucas@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Delta Stewardship Council through the Delta Science Program FX Funding was provided by the National Research, Toxic Substances Hydrology, and Priority Ecosystem Science Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey, and by a grant from the Delta Stewardship Council through the Delta Science Program. This work was also conducted as part of "CASCaDE: Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem.'' Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Delta Science Program. This is CASCaDE publication #28. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 12 AR UNSP 117 DI 10.1890/ES12-00251.1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IW UT WOS:000327304400006 ER PT J AU Pangle, KL Malinich, TD Bunnell, DB DeVries, DR Ludsin, SA AF Pangle, Kevin L. Malinich, Timothy D. Bunnell, David B. DeVries, Dennis R. Ludsin, Stuart A. TI Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE antipredator behavior; eutrophication; Lepomis macrochirus; nonconsumptive effects; Perca flavescens; planktivorous fish; Pomoxis annularis; Pomoxis nigromaculatus; risk effects; trait-mediated indirect effects ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; TRAIT-MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; PREY INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; MULTIPLE PREDATORS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; TRADE-OFFS; FISH; ZOOPLANKTON AB By shaping species interactions, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can profoundly influence ecosystems. Predicting such outcomes has proven difficult, however, owing in part to the dependence of plasticity on the environmental context. Of particular relevance are environmental factors that affect sensory performance in organisms in ways that alter the tradeoffs associated with adaptive phenotypic responses. We explored the influence of turbidity, which simultaneously and differentially affects the sensory performance of consumers at multiple trophic levels, on the indirect effect of a top predator (piscivorous fish) on a basal prey resource (zooplankton) that is mediated through changes in the plastic foraging behavior of an intermediate consumer (zooplanktivorous fish). We first generated theoretical predictions of the adaptive foraging response of a zooplanktivore across wide gradients of turbidity and predation risk by a piscivore. Our model predicted that predation risk can change the negative relationship between intermediate consumer foraging and turbidity into a humped-shaped (unimodal) one in which foraging is low in both clear and highly turbid conditions due to foraging-related risk and visual constraints, respectively. Consequently, the positive trait-mediated indirect effect (TMIE) of the top predator on the basal resource is predicted to peak at low turbidity and decline thereafter until it reaches an asymptote of zero at intermediate turbidity levels (when foraging equals that which is predicted when the top predator is absent). We used field observations and a laboratory experiment to test our model predictions. In support, we found humped-shaped relationships between planktivory and turbidity for several zooplanktivorous fishes from diverse freshwater ecosystems with predation risk. Further, our experiment demonstrated that predation risk reduced zooplanktivory by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) at a low turbidity, but had no effect on consumption at an intermediate turbidity. Together, our theoretical and empirical findings show how the environmental context can govern the strength of TMIEs by influencing consumer sensory performance and how these effects can become realized in nature over wide environmental gradients. Additionally, our hump-shaped foraging curve represents an important departure from the conventional view of turbidity's effect on planktivorous fishes, thus potentially requiring a reconceptualization of turbidity's impact on aquatic food-web interactions. C1 [Pangle, Kevin L.; Malinich, Timothy D.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [DeVries, Dennis R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Pangle, KL (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Brooks Hall 194, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM pangl1k@cmich.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Fishery Research Program; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Ohio DNR-Division of Wildlife; OSU Undergraduate Research Office Summer Fellowship; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries; National Science Foundation [DEB-9108986, DEB-9410323] FX We thank both past and present members of the Aquatic Ecology Lab at The Ohio State University (OSU), for assistance with the experiment and OH reservoir crappie and Lake Erie yellow perch field collections. J. Mion and E. Roseman provided some of the Lake Erie yellow perch and Lake Erie water quality data and W. Lynch supplied yellow perch for our experiment. Several biologists from the Ohio DNRDivision of Wildlife also assisted with field collections in Ohio reservoirs. W thanks personnel at Auburn University's Ireland Center for help with the Auburn pond and Walker County State Fishing Lake sample collection and processing. Tammy DeVries, in partic-ular, processed all of the Auburn zooplankton data. We also thank J. Drake, Y. Lou, W. Pangle, S. Peacor, R. Tien, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Support for this manuscript was provided by (1) the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Fishery Research Program (to SAL), (2) a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration F-69-P project (to R. A. Stein), administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Ohio DNR-Division of Wildlife, (3) an OSU Undergraduate Research Office Summer Fellowship to TDM, (4) Federal Aid in Fish Restoration Project F-40-R administered by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries (to DRD), and (5) National Science Foundation grants DEB-9108986 and DEB-9410323 (to DRD). This manuscript is Contributions 1719 and 25 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and Central Michigan University Institute of Great Lakes Research, respectively. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 12 AR UNSP 114 DI 10.1890/ES12-00224.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IW UT WOS:000327304400003 ER PT J AU Cain, SL Higgs, MD Roffe, TJ Monfort, SL Berger, J AF Cain, Steven L. Higgs, Megan D. Roffe, Thomas J. Monfort, Steven L. Berger, Joel TI Using Fecal Progestagens and Logistic Regression to Enhance Pregnancy Detection in Wild Ungulates: A Bison Case Study SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bison; fecal; hormones; logistic; non-invasive; pregnancy; pregnancy-specific protein B; regression; Wyoming; Yellowstone AB Ungulate ecological studies often include components of reproduction because of its demographic importance and the ecological factors affecting it. Pregnancy status, in particular, is key because it represents a starting point for succeeding measurements of vital rates. Here, we present a case study using wild bison (Bison bison), in which we developed a non-invasive method for assessing pregnancy in unmarked, non-handled animals that improves upon existing approaches for wild ungulates. Specifically, we employed a model-based binary logistic-regression approach to estimate the probability of pregnancy predicted by fecal progestagen concentrations quantified from a single, late-gestation scat sample. For 155 observations of 42 marked bison from the Jackson herd in northwest Wyoming, USA during 1997-2005, we used combinations of transrectal uterine palpation and calf status as independent measures of pregnancy to reduce the potential for error inherent in using either measure alone. We evaluated predictive success by calculating mis-prediction rates from leave-one-out cross-validation, and by calculating the percentage of 95% confidence intervals that crossed a pregnant-not-pregnant threshold. Correct predictions, with high confidence, were obtained from a model using year-centered, natural-log-transformed progestagen concentrations, resulting in an overall successful cross-validation pregnancy prediction rate of 93.5%. Our approach will allow practitioners to consider the uncertainty associated with each prediction, thereby improving prediction interpretations. The approach should appeal to practitioners because fecal samples are easily collected and preserved, laboratory procedures are well-documented, and logistic-regression statistical software is readily available. Furthermore, samples can be obtained non-invasively, which reduces cost and potential bias and increases animal safety, human safety, and social acceptability. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Cain, Steven L.] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roffe, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Monfort, Steven L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Berger, Joel] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Northern Rockies Field Off, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cain, SL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Grand Teton Natl Pk,POB 170, Moose, WY 83012 USA. EM steve_cain@nps.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Conservation Society FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wildlife Conservation Society. C. Cunningham, K. McFarland, K. Dhillon, K. Gasaway, and R. Leshan collected fecal samples. K. Mashburn, D. Kersey, and N. Presley assisted with hormone analyses. C. Cunningham, K. McFarland, M. Reid, K. Cannon, S. Sweeney, and K. Coffin assisted with bison immobilizations. B. Smith, B. Reiswig, and F. Escobedo helped with field logistics. The manuscript benefited from the comments of 2 anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1002/wsb.178 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HA UT WOS:000209333300002 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Shafroth, PB AF Merritt, David M. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Tamarix; Populus; Soil salinity; Colorado River; Flow regime; Dams ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX-CHINENSIS; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; SALT TOLERANCE; AMERICAN RIVERS; FLOW ALTERATION; RUSSIAN OLIVE; NORTH-AMERICA AB Tamarix spp. are introduced shrubs that have become among the most abundant woody plants growing along western North American rivers. We sought to empirically test the long-held belief that Tamarix actively displaces native species through elevating soil salinity via salt exudation. We measured chemical and physical attributes of soils (e.g., salinity, major cations and anions, texture), litter cover and depth, and stand structure along chronosequences dominated by Tamarix and those dominated by native riparian species (Populus or Salix) along the upper and lower Colorado River in Colorado and Arizona/California, USA. We tested four hypotheses: (1) the rate of salt accumulation in soils is faster in Tamarix-dominated stands than stands dominated by native species, (2) the concentration of salts in the soil is higher in mature stands dominated by Tamarix compared to native stands, (3) soil salinity is a function of Tamarix abundance, and (4) available nutrients are more concentrated in native-dominated stands compared to Tamarix-dominated stands. We found that salt concentration increases at a faster rate in Tamarix-dominated stands along the relatively free-flowing upper Colorado but not along the heavily-regulated lower Colorado. Concentrations of ions that are known to be preferentially exuded by Tamarix (e.g., B, Na, and Cl) were higher in Tamarix stands than in native stands. Soil salt concentrations in older Tamarix stands along the upper Colorado were sufficiently high to inhibit germination, establishment, or growth of some native species. On the lower Colorado, salinity was very high in all stands and is likely due to factors associated with floodplain development and the hydrologic effects of river regulation, such as reduced overbank flooding, evaporation of shallow ground water, higher salt concentrations in surface and ground water due to agricultural practices, and higher salt concentrations in fine-textured sediments derived from naturally saline parent material. C1 [Merritt, David M.] USFS Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Staff, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), USFS Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Staff, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us FU Bureau of Reclamation; Lower Colorado River Regional Office; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; TNC David H. Smith fellowship program and an interagency agreement [2216-08-IA-312] FX We would like to acknowledge David Canter, Julie Roth, Ron Osborne, Eligio Aragon, Kirsten Romig, Brett Wolk, Chris Dodge, John Swett, David Graf, and Steven Rauth for assistance in the field and with logistics. Thank you to Terry Waddle who directed the topographic surveying on the lower Colorado River, Rick Anderson who directed the topographic surveying on the upper Colorado River, Tammy Fancher for preparing Fig. 1, and L. Scott Baggett for assisting with the smearing technique for Figs. 2 through 6. Cathy Stewart provided assistance with soil texture analysis. We extend special appreciation to Laura Perry who provided helpful review and editorial suggestions. Funding from Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado River Regional Office and the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program supported PBS and funding from TNC David H. Smith fellowship program and an interagency agreement (no. 2216-08-IA-312) with the Bureau of Reclamation supported DMM's work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2665 EP 2685 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0263-4 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028ZM UT WOS:000310464500018 ER PT J AU Hobbs, JA Castillo, G Tigan, G Lindberg, J Ikemiyagi, N Ramos, G AF Hobbs, James A. Castillo, Gonzalo Tigan, Galen Lindberg, Joan Ikemiyagi, Naoaki Ramos, Georgia TI Tagging the next generation: validation of trans-generational chemical tagging for an endangered fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Otolith; Microchemistry; Trans-generational chemical tag; Delta smelt; Laser ablation ID CORAL-REEF FISH; OTOLITH ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS; TRANSGENERATIONAL MARKING; MARINE POPULATIONS; STRONTIUM CHLORIDE; SELF-RECRUITMENT; STABLE-ISOTOPES; STRIPED BASS; LARVAL; GROWTH AB In this study we validated marking offspring through peritoneal injection of ripe females using two concentrations of strontium (strontium chloride hexahydrate). Larvae from treatments were monitored for condition morphometrics and tested for chemical mark incorporation in their otoliths via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) to quantify the strontium concentration (Sr/Ca) and laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) to measure the strontium isotope ratios (Sr-87:Sr-86) of otoliths. Otolith strontium concentrations and strontium isotopes ratios were elevated in the high-concentration treatment, while the low-concentration and control treatments were not significantly different from each other. Larval size and eye diameter at hatch were similar among treatments; however, yolk and oil globule diameters were significantly reduced in the high-concentration treatment. Moreover, growth rates after 60 days post-hatch were significantly reduced in the high-concentration treatment relative to the low-concentration and control treatments, suggesting trans-generational tagging can have deleterious effects on offspring. Our study provides evidence for the efficacy of artificially marking offspring via injection of strontium into ripe females and could provide new tools for managing endangered fish populations; however, careful consideration of chemical concentrations and dosages may be required prior to its application in a fisheries management experiment. C1 [Hobbs, James A.; Ramos, Georgia] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Castillo, Gonzalo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Tigan, Galen; Lindberg, Joan] Univ Calif Davis, Fish Conservat & Culture Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ikemiyagi, Naoaki] Univ Calif Davis, Interdisciplinary Ctr Inductively Coupled Plasma, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hobbs, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol Dept, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jahobbs@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation [81332 7 J010] FX We thank Ashley Ratcliffe, Norm Ponferrada and Levi Lewis (UC Davis) for their invaluable assistance marking fish and processing samples; Justin Gleissner and Joel Commisso for their critical help at the ICP-MS lab. We also thank Luke Ellison and other staff members at the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory for their invaluable help with experimental fish. Paul Cadrett and Kim Webb (Stockton U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office) provided valuable comments, and along with DWR Staff (Cassandra Enos; Russ Stein and Carl Torgerson), facilitated critical study implementation. Jewel Huckaby and Sheryl Moore (DWR) provided timely coordination of sample collections at the Skinner Fish Facility. Project was funded by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation under Cooperative Agreement #81332 7 J010 between UC Davis and the Stockton U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 4 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0034-1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 028MF UT WOS:000310425700006 ER PT J AU Young, JA Eackles, MS Springmann, MJ King, TL AF Young, John A. Eackles, Michael S. Springmann, Marcus J. King, Tim L. TI Development of tri- and tetra- nucleotide polysomic microsatellite markers for characterization of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) genetic diversity and population structuring SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE American ginseng; Microsatellite; STRUCTURE ID DNA MARKERS; LOCI AB American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L., syn. Panax quinquefolium) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to eastern North America that is both harvested from the wild and cultivated in farm and woodlot settings to supply the international market. We describe the development of microsatellite markers to better characterize Panax quinquefolius population structure and phylogeography. We developed and tested 12 microsattelite loci, scored as 106 psuedo-dominant alleles due to the tetraploid nature of P. quinquefolius. We employed the newly developed markers to characterize population structure of field sampled populations from 13 states in comparison with commercially cultivated samples. Results reveal distinct phylogeographic and population structuring as well as a high degree of selfing in this CITES protected species. C1 [Young, John A.; Eackles, Michael S.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Springmann, Marcus J.] IAP World Serv, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jyoung@usgs.gov FU USGS-USFWS FX This project was funded by the USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership. We thank Patricia Ford of USFWS for initiating this project and we thank Cheryl Morrison of USGS for review of this paper. We also thank Bob Beyfuss and Ken Mudge of Cornell University Ag. Extension for access to fresh root material. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9653-2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 023IX UT WOS:000310027200003 ER PT J AU Henderson, AP King, TL AF Henderson, Anne P. King, Tim L. TI Development of polysomic microsatellite markers for characterization of population structuring and phylogeography in the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Polysomic; Microsatellite; Acipenser brevirostrum ID DNA CONTROL REGION; LOCI AB Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is an endangered polyploid fish species for which no nuclear DNA markers previously existed. To address this need, 86 polysomic loci were developed and characterized in 20 A. brevirostrum from five river systems and eight members (parents and six progeny) of a captive-bred family. All markers proved to be polymorphic, polysomic, and demonstrated direct inheritance when tested in a captive family. Eleven loci were included in a range-wide survey of 561 fish sampled from 17 geographic collections. Allelic diversity at these markers ranged from 7 to 24 alleles/locus and averaged 16.5 alleles/locus; sufficient diversity to produce unique multilocus genotypes. In the range-wide survey, a Mantel comparison of an ecological (1-Jaccard's) and genetic (I broken vertical bar(PT); an analog to F-ST) distance metrics, identified a strong positive correlation (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001); suggesting I broken vertical bar(PT) represents a viable metric for assessing genetic relatedness using this class of marker. C1 [Henderson, Anne P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Henderson, AP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ahenderson@usgs.gov FU National Capital Region (NCR) of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS); U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Leetown Science Center; Northeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division, NOAA Fisheries, Department of Commerce FX The National Capital Region (NCR) of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Leetown Science Center provided principal funding for this project through the National Resources Preservation Program. The Northeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division, NOAA Fisheries, Department of Commerce also provided partial funding. The authors wish to acknowledge the efforts of Diane Pavek (NPS-NCR) for being the driving force behind this research. Douglas Peterson and Robert De Vries, University of Georgia, provided the Altamaha River tissue samples. Boyd Kynard (Retired), U. S. Geological Survey's S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, provided sturgeon tissues from the Connecticut River. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Bear's Bluff National Fish Hatchery provided tissue samples of the parents and progeny from each of seven captive-bred A. brevirostrum families. These samples were instrumental in determining the inheritance of the polysomic markers. Paul Bailey and Mike Eackles (USGS Leetown Science Center) kindly provided laboratory assistance for this project. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 853 EP 859 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9658-x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 023IX UT WOS:000310027200008 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, I Mazzotti, FJ Hart, KM Rice, KG Ogurcak, D Rochford, M Jeffery, BM Brandt, LA Cherkiss, MS AF Fujisaki, Ikuko Mazzotti, Frank J. Hart, Kristen M. Rice, Kenneth G. Ogurcak, Danielle Rochford, Michael Jeffery, Brian M. Brandt, Laura A. Cherkiss, Michael S. TI Use of alligator hole abundance and occupancy rate as indicators for restoration of a human-altered wetland SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE American alligator; Indicator species; Hierarchical model; Hydrology; Wetland; Restoration ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; ECOLOGY AB Use of indicator species as a measure of ecosystem conditions is an established science application in environmental management. Because of its role in shaping wetland systems, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is one of the ecological indicators for wetland restoration in south Florida, USA. We conducted landscape-level aerial surveys of alligator holes in two different habitats in a wetland where anthropogenic modification of surface hydrology has altered the natural system. Alligator holes were scarcer in an area where modified hydrology caused draining and frequent dry-clowns compared to another area that maintains a functional wetland system. Lower abundance of alligator holes indicates lack of alligator activities, lower overall species diversity, and lack of dry-season aquatic refugia for other organisms. The occupancy rate of alligator holes was lower than the current restoration target for the Everglades, and was variable by size class with large size-class alligators predominantly occupying alligator holes. This may indicate unequal size-class distribution, different habitat selection by size classes, or possibly a lack of recruitment. Our study provides pre-restoration baseline information about one indicator species for the Everglades. Success of the restoration can be assessed via effective synthesis of information derived by collective research efforts on the entire suite of selected ecological indicators. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujisaki, Ikuko; Mazzotti, Frank J.; Rochford, Michael; Jeffery, Brian M.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Hart, Kristen M.; Cherkiss, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ogurcak, Danielle] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL USA. RP Fujisaki, I (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. EM ikuko@ufl.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Monitoring and Assessment Program; U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Sciences program; National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Science Initiative FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Monitoring and Assessment Program, the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Sciences program, and the National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Science Initiative. We thank our technicians for conducting surveys and proofing the data, Robert Dorazio for helping constructing the models, Rebecca Harvey for providing editorial assistance, and two anonymous reviewers of the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 23 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.011 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983PD UT WOS:000307130300066 ER PT J AU Andrews, WJ Masoner, JR Cozzarelli, IM AF Andrews, William J. Masoner, Jason R. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Emerging Contaminants at a Closed and an Operating Landfill in Oklahoma SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; MUNICIPAL LANDFILL; HAZARDOUS-WASTE; LEACHATE; SPECTROMETRY; DRUGS AB Landfills are the final depositories for a wide range of solid waste from both residential and commercial sources, and therefore have the potential to produce leachate containing many organic compounds found in consumer products such as pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, disinfectants, cleaning agents, fire retardants, flavorings, and preservatives, known as emerging contaminants (ECs). Landfill leachate was sampled from landfill cells of three different age ranges from two landfills in Central Oklahoma. Samples were collected from an old cell containing solid waste greater than 25 years old, an intermediate age cell with solid waste between 16 and 3 years old, and operating cell with solid waste less than 5 years old to investigate the chemical variability and persistence of selected ECs in landfill leachate of differing age sources. Twenty-eight of 69 analyzed ECs were detected in one or more samples from the three leachate sources. Detected ECs ranged in concentration from 0.11 to 114 mu g/L and included 4 fecal and plant sterols, 13 household\industrial, 7 hydrocarbon, and 4 pesticide compounds. Four ECs were solely detected in the oldest leachate sample, two ECs were solely detected in the intermediate leachate sample, and no ECs were solely detected in the youngest leachate sample. Eleven ECs were commonly detected in all three leachate samples and are an indication of the contents of solid waste deposited over several decades and the relative resistance of some ECs to natural attenuation processes in and near landfills. C1 [Andrews, William J.; Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA USA. RP Andrews, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, 202 NW 66th St,Bldg 7, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. EM wandrews@usgs.gov; jmasoner@usgs.gov; icozzare@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Program. Appreciation is extended to Kevin A. Smith and Jeanne B. Jaeschke of the USGS for their assistance with sampling for emerging contaminants. The authors also thank Dr. Stanley T. Paxton, Dana W. Kolpin, and Kimberlee K. Barnes for their reviews of this paper. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01373.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 888ZK UT WOS:000300043100011 ER PT J AU McGann, M Grossman, EE Takesue, RK Penttila, D Walsh, JP Corbett, R AF McGann, Mary Grossman, Eric E. Takesue, Renee K. Penttila, Dan Walsh, John P. Corbett, Reide TI Arrival and Expansion of the Invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in Padilla Bay, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRASER-RIVER DELTA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; REMARKABLE INVASION; PUGET LOWLAND; CALIFORNIA; WOOD; USA AB Trochammina hadai Uchio, a benthic foraminifera native to Japanese estuaries, was first identified as an invasive in 1995 in San Francisco Bay and later in 16 other west coast estuaries. To investigate the timing of the arrival and expansion of this invasive species in Padilla Bay, Washington, we analyzed the distribution of foraminifera in two surface samples collected in 1971, in nine surface samples collected by Scott in 1972-1973, as well as in two cores (Padilla Flats 3 and Padilla V1/V2) obtained in 2004. Trochammina hadai, originally identified as the native Trochammina pacifica Cushman in several early foraminiferal studies, dominates the assemblage of most of the surface samples. In the Padilla V1/V2 and Padilla Flats 3 cores, the species' abundance follows a pattern of absence, first appearance, rapid expansion commonly seen shortly after the arrival of a successful biological invasion, setback, and second expansion. Using Q-mode cluster analysis, pre-expansion and expansion assemblages were identified. Pb-210 dating of these cores proved unsuccessful. However, based on T. hadai's first appearance occurring stratigraphically well above sedimentological changes in the cores that reflect deposition of sediments in the bay due to previous diversions of the Skagit River, and its dominance in the early 1970s surface samples, we conclude that the species arrived in Padilla Bay somewhere between the late 1800s and 1971. Trochammina hadai may have been introduced into the bay in the 1930s when oyster culturing began there or, at a minimum, ten years prior to its appearance in San Francisco Bay. C1 [McGann, Mary] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.; Takesue, Renee K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Penttila, Dan] Salish Sea Biol, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Walsh, John P.; Corbett, Reide] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, M-S 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmcgann@usgs.gov OI Walsh, J. P. /0000-0002-7178-2973 NR 65 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 BP 9 EP 26 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905LG UT WOS:000301273100002 ER PT J AU Haines, AM Leu, M Svancara, LK Scott, JM Vierling, K Martinuzzi, S Laninga, TJ AF Haines, Aaron M. Leu, Matthias Svancara, Leona K. Scott, J. Michael Vierling, Kerri Martinuzzi, Sebastian Laninga, Tamara J. TI Incorporating Wildlife Conservation into County Comprehensive Plans: A GIS Approach SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN FOOTPRINT; BIODIVERSITY; IDAHO; LAND AB Within the United States (U.S.), state wildlife agencies are required to identify Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN), the factors that impact these species, and the conservation actions needed to conserve these species through documentation of a Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS). While the identification of SGCN represents an essential first step towards a comprehensive management strategy at the state level, the incorporation of this information into county level comprehensive plans will likely increase conservation efforts needed statewide. Our objective for this study was to use spatial data to delineate areas of human activity overlapping with areas rich in biodiversity to provide state wildlife agencies and local county planners recommended conservation actions to reduce biodiversity loss by human activities. Using the state of Idaho as an example, we delineated areas within the state where biodiversity hotspots for terrestrial and aquatic SGCN and human activities may be conflicting. We then identified counties within the state where these areas of conflict occur and identified conservation actions that may mitigate human activities to benefit SGCN. Our study used available geospatial data and a simple geographical information system (GIS) based approach which could be applied to other areas to support county-level land use planning for wildlife conservation. C1 [Haines, Aaron M.] Upper Iowa Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayette, IA 52142 USA. [Leu, Matthias] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Svancara, Leona K.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Divers Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Vierling, Kerri] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Martinuzzi, Sebastian] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Laninga, Tamara J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Haines, AM (reprint author), Upper Iowa Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayette, IA 52142 USA. EM hainesa@uiu.edu RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Center for Research on Invasive Species and Small Populations FX Funds and support for this project were provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Center for Research on Invasive Species and Small Populations. We specifically recognize the support of Jon Beals and Rex Sallabanks. We thank Eva Strand for her comments on this manuscript. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 43 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 BP 53 EP 70 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905LG UT WOS:000301273100005 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G Cronin, TM Hokanishi, N Kawahata, H Tsujimoto, A Ishitake, M AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene Cronin, Thomas M. Hokanishi, Natsumi Kawahata, Hodaka Tsujimoto, Akira Ishitake, Miho TI Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SHATSKY RISE; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; FORAMINIFERA PROTISTA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ARCTIC-OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY AB There is growing evidence that changes in deep-sea benthic ecosystems are modulated by climate changes, but most evidence to date comes from the North Atlantic Ocean. Here we analyze new ostracod and published foraminiferal records for the last 250,000 years on Shatsky Rise in the North Pacific Ocean. Using linear models, we evaluate statistically the ability of environmental drivers (temperature, productivity, and seasonality of productivity) to predict changes in faunal diversity, abundance, and composition. These microfossil data show glacial-interglacial shifts in overall abundances and species diversities that are low during glacial intervals and high during interglacials. These patterns replicate those previously documented in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that the climatic forcing of the deep-sea ecosystem is widespread, and possibly global in nature. However, these results also reveal differences with prior studies that probably reflect the isolated nature of Shatsky Rise as a remote oceanic plateau. Ostracod assemblages on Shatsky Rise are highly endemic but of low diversity, consistent with the limited dispersal potential of these animals. Benthic foraminifera, by contrast, have much greater dispersal ability and their assemblages at Shatsky Rise show diversities typical for deep-sea faunas in other regions. Statistical analyses also reveal ostracod-foraminferal differences in relationships between environmental drivers and biotic change. Rarefied diversity is best explained as a hump-shaped function of surface productivity in ostracods, but as having a weak and positive relationship with temperature in foraminifera. Abundance shows a positive relationship with both productivity and seasonality of productivity in foraminifera, and a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in ostracods. Finally, species composition in ostracods is influenced by both temperature and productivity, but only a temperature effect is evident in foraminifera. Though complex in detail, the global-scale link between deep-sea ecosystems and Quaternary climate changes underscores the importance of the interaction between the physical and biological components of paleoceanographical research for better understanding the history of the biosphere. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Kochi Univ, Ctr Adv Marine Core Res, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hokanishi, Natsumi] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Kawahata, Hodaka] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Tsujimoto, Akira] Shimane Univ, Fac Educ, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Ishitake, Miho] Sumika Chem Anal Serv Ltd, Anal Serv, Mkt Div, Chiba Grp, Sodegaura, Chiba 2990266, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI devos, evert/H-3725-2011; Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; KAWAHATA, HODAKA/F-9065-2016 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; KAWAHATA, HODAKA/0000-0003-4236-7356 FU Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Science Network; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX We thank K. Ohkushi for foraminiferal data; H. Okahashi and C. Sanford for continuous support; A. Kuroyanagi for help with samples; J. Repetski, C. Bernhardt, S. Holland, A. J. Gooday, and S. A. Schellenberg for valuable comments; and P. Wagner, B. J. MacFadden, L. H. Oviedo, and N. Atkins for editing. This work was supported by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (to M.Y.). NR 105 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 110 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD WIN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 162 EP 179 DI 10.1666/10068.1 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 875VN UT WOS:000299063400010 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Goldstein, MI Pyare, S AF Breck, Stewart W. Goldstein, Michael I. Pyare, Sanjay TI SITE-OCCUPANCY MONITORING OF AN ECOSYSTEM INDICATOR: LINKING CHARACTERISTICS OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION TO BEAVER OCCURRENCE SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Establishment of sampling frameworks to monitor the occurrence of ecological indicators and to identify the covariates that influence occurrence is a high-priority need for natural resource restoration and management efforts. We utilized occupancy modeling to identify patterns of beaver occurrence and factors influencing these patterns (i.e., type and amount of vegetation cover) in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River ecosystem. We used rafts and kayaks to access a stratified random sample of sites (i.e., 100-m-long sections of riverbank) and used repeated sampling procedures to sample for beaver sign (i.e., lodges, cuttings, tracks, and beaver sightings). We quantified the type and amount of vegetation cover at each sampled section by using a GIS database of remotely sensed information on the riparian vegetation in the Grand Canyon. We first modeled occurrence of beaver sign as a function of the total amount of vegetation cover (summed across classes) and then determined the relative importance score for each of the 7 vegetation classes. Detection probability (p) was 2 times higher when observers traveled in kayaks (0.61) than when they traveled in rafts (0.29). Occurrence of beaver sign (psi) in sampled transects was widespread throughout the Grand Canyon (psi = 0.74, SE = 0.06) and positively associated with total vegetation. The relative importance scores for Tamarix and Pluchea vegetation classes were 1.5-2.5 times larger than those for all other vegetation classes, indicating that occurrence of beaver sign was most strongly associated with the cover of these 2 vegetation classes. Our results imply that quantifying the amount of riparian vegetation in close proximity to a river helps determine the occurrence of an important ecological indicator in riparian systems. The results also demonstrate a useful and cost-effective method for monitoring riverine species' usage patterns by explicitly accounting for detectability. C1 [Breck, Stewart W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Alaska Coastal Rainforest Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Pyare, Sanjay] Univ Alaska Southeast, Spatial Ecosyst Anal Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov FU Remote Wilderness Research and Gotta Wanna Expeditions FX This study was supported and funded by Remote Wilderness Research and Gotta Wanna Expeditions. We thank B. Ralston for providing the GIS vegetation layers and P. Doherty for statistical advice. M. Bhuthimethee, N. Catterson, K. McCoy, L. Fitzgerald, D. Kellett, and T. Kellett helped conduct surveys, and the Pratt family, P. Ressler, A. Corcoran, L. Angel, S. Schubert, J. Vier, and M. Campbell assisted with logistics. We thank S. Mortenson, P. Weisberg, and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing advice. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 432 EP 441 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700002 ER PT J AU Brown, LR May, JT Wulff, M AF Brown, Larry R. May, Jason T. Wulff, Marissa TI ASSOCIATIONS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN THE UPPER CLEAR CREEK WATERSHED, CALIFORNIA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Benthic macroinvertebrates are integral components of stream ecosystems and are often used to assess the ecological integrity of streams. We sampled streams in the upper Clear Creek drainage in the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion of northwestern California in fall 2004 (17 sites) and 2005 (original 17 plus 4 new sites) with the objectives of documenting the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages supported by the streams in the area, determining how those assemblages respond to environmental variables, assessing the biological condition of the streams using a benthic index of biotic integrity (IBI), and understanding the assemblages in the context of biodiversity of the ecoregion. We collected both reach-wide (RW) and targeted-riffle (TR) macroinvertebrate samples at each site. The macroinvertebrate assemblages were diverse, with over 150 genera collected for each sampling protocol. The macroinvertebrate assemblages appeared to be most responsive to a general habitat gradient based on stream size, gradient, flow, and dominance of riffles. A second important habitat gradient was based on elevation and dominance of riffles. A gradient in water quality based on concentrations of dissolved ions and metals was also important. Models based on these 3 gradients had Spearman's rank correlations with macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition of 0.60 and 0.50 for the TR and RW samples, respectively. The majority (>50%) of the sites were in good or very good biological condition based on IBI scores. The diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages is associated with the diversity of habitats available in the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion. Maintaining the aquatic habitats in good condition is important in itself but is also vital to maintaining biodiversity in this diverse and unique ecoregion. C1 [Brown, Larry R.; May, Jason T.; Wulff, Marissa] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 473 EP 494 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700006 ER PT J AU Wells, FH Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Wells, Floye H. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI RECREATIONAL TRAILS AS CORRIDORS FOR ALIEN PLANTS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, USA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Alien plant species often use areas of heavy human activity for habitat and dispersal. Roads and utility corridors have been shown to harbor more alien species than the surrounding vegetation and are therefore believed to contribute to alien plant persistence and spread. Recreational trails represent another corridor that could harbor alien species and aid their spread. Effective management of invasive species requires understanding how alien plants are distributed at trailheads and trails and how their dispersal may be influenced by native vegetation. Our overall goal was to investigate the distribution of alien plants at trailheads and trails in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. At trailheads, we found that although the number of alien species was less than the number of native species, alien plant cover ((x) over bar = 50%) did not differ from native plant cover, and we observed a large number of alien seedlings in the soil seed bank, suggesting that alien plants are a large component of trailhead communities and will continue to be so in the future. Along trails, we found higher alien species richness and cover on trail (as opposed to 4 m from the trail) in 3 out of 4 vegetation types, and we observed higher alien richness and cover in meadows than in other vegetation types. Plant communities at both trailheads and trails, as well as seed banks at trailheads, contain substantial diversity and abundance of alien plants. These results suggest that recreational trails in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado may function as corridors that facilitate the spread of alien species into wildlands. Our results suggest that control of alien plants should begin at trailheads where there are large numbers of aliens and that control efforts on trails should be prioritized by vegetation type. C1 [Wells, Floye H.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Lauenroth, WK (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM wlauenro@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station [1-57661]; National Science Foundation [0217631] FX We thank Chris Warren for help with the trailhead data collection. This work was supported by the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station through grant number 1-57661 and by the National Science Foundation through grant number 0217631. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply en dorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 27 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2012 VL 72 IS 4 BP 507 EP 533 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JI UT WOS:000209014700008 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Bourke, M Tanaka, KL Miyamoto, H Kargel, J Baker, V Fairen, AG Davies, RJ Bridget, L Santiago, RL Hernandez, MZ Berman, DC AF Rodriguez, J. A. P. Bourke, Mary Tanaka, Kenneth L. Miyamoto, Hideaki Kargel, Jeffrey Baker, Victor Fairen, Alberto G. Davies, Richard J. Bridget, Lynne Linares Santiago, Rogelio Zarroca Hernandez, Mario Berman, Daniel C. TI Infiltration of Martian outflow channel floodwaters into lowland cavernous systems SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN; NORTHERN PLAINS; MUD VOLCANISM; MARS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; EMPLACEMENT; RELEASE; HISTORY; OCEAN; WATER AB The hydrosphere of Mars has remained mostly concealed within the subsurface for the past similar to 3.5 Gyr. Localized rupturing of the permafrost-capped crust led to voluminous groundwater discharges that carved some of the largest known channels in the solar system. However, our knowledge of the nature of the flows and their ultimate fate remains incomplete, partly because diagnostic landforms at outflow channel termini have been largely destroyed or buried. The Hebrus Valles outflow channels were excavated by fluid discharges that emanated from two point sources, and they mostly terminate in systems of fractures and depressions within the northern plains. Our investigation indicates that outflow channel floodwaters were captured and reabsorbed into the subsurface in zones where caverns developed within the northern plains. These findings imply that the study region comprises the only known location in the Martian northern lowlands where the fate of outflow channel discharges can be assessed with confidence. We propose that evacuation of subsurface materials via mud volcanism was an important process in cavern formation. Our conceptual model provides a hypothesis to account for the fate of sediments and fluids from some of the Martian outflow channels. It also reveals a mechanism for lowland cavern formation and upper crustal volatile enrichment after the development of the Martian global cryosphere. Citation: Rodriguez, J. A. P., et al. (2012), Infiltration of Martian outflow channel floodwaters into lowland cavernous systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L22201, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053225. C1 [Rodriguez, J. A. P.; Bourke, Mary; Berman, Daniel C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bourke, Mary] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geog, Dublin, Ireland. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Miyamoto, Hideaki] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Kargel, Jeffrey; Baker, Victor] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Davies, Richard J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Res Earth Energy Syst, Durham, England. [Bridget, Lynne] Univ Auckland, Inst Earth Sci & Engn, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Linares Santiago, Rogelio; Zarroca Hernandez, Mario] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, Unitat Geodinam Externa & Hidrogeol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Ste 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM alexis@psi.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Zarroca, Mario/0000-0001-6907-1892 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L22201 DI 10.1029/2012GL053225 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 047LH UT WOS:000311841800001 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Hong, B Shen, J AF Rice, Karen C. Hong, Bo Shen, Jian TI Assessment of salinity intrusion in the James and Chickahominy Rivers as a result of simulated sea-level rise in Chesapeake Bay, East Coast, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sea-level rise; Salinity intrusion; Drinking-water supply; Chesapeake Bay; Model simulation ID ESTUARY; MODEL; TRANSPORT; FRONT; WATER AB Global sea level is rising, and the relative rate in the Chesapeake Bay region of the East Coast of the United States is greater than the worldwide rate. Sea-level rise can cause saline water to migrate upstream in estuaries and rivers, threatening freshwater habitat and drinking-water supplies. The effects of future sea-level rise on two tributaries of Chesapeake Bay, the James and Chickahominy (CHK) Rivers, were evaluated in order to quantify the salinity change with respect to the magnitude of sea-level rise. Such changes are critical to: 1) local floral and faunal habitats that have limited tolerance ranges to salinity: and 2) a drinking-water supply for the City of Newport News, Virginia. By using the three-dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (HEM-3D), sea-level rise scenarios of 30, 50, and 100 cm, based on the U.S. Climate Change Science Program for the mid-Atlantic region for the 21st century, were evaluated. The model results indicate that salinity increases in the entire river as sea level rises and that the salinity increase in a dry year is greater than that in a typical year. In the James River, the salinity increase in the middle-to-upper river (from 25 to 50 km upstream of the mouth) is larger than that in the lower and upper parts of the river. The maximum mean salinity increase would be 2 and 4 ppt for a sea-level rise of 50 and 100 cm, respectively. The upstream movement of the 10 ppt isohaline is much larger than the 5 and 20 ppt isohalines. The volume of water with salinity between 10 and 20 ppt would increase greatly if sea level rises 100 cm. In the CHK River, with a sea-level rise of 100 cm, the mean salinity at the drinking-water intake 34 km upstream of the mouth would be about 3 ppt in a typical year and greater than 5 ppt in a dry year, both far in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary standard for total dissolved solids for drinking water. At the drinking-water intake, the number of days of salinity greater than 0.1 ppt increases with increasing sea-level rise; during a dry year, 0.1 ppt would be exceeded for more than 100 days with as small a rise as 30 cm. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hong, Bo; Shen, Jian] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Hong, B (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM andyhong@vims.edu RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 FU Sun Microsystems; National Science Foundation; Virginia's Commonwealth Technology Research Fund FX Parts of this study were conducted in cooperation with the City of Newport News, Virginia. The development of the model was supported by USGS Project of Model Study of Change in Salinity under Different Sea-level Rise Scenarios in the York River and James River. This is the contribution number #3239 of Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. We appreciate the reviews and comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript provided by Earl A. Greene and two anonymous peer reviewers. This work was performed using computational facilities at the College of William and Mary which were enabled by grants from Sun Microsystems, the National Science Foundation, and Virginia's Commonwealth Technology Research Fund. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 111 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036CY UT WOS:000311005200008 PM 22820747 ER PT J AU Lorda, J Lafferty, KD AF Lorda, Julio Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Shading decreases the abundance of the herbivorous California horn snail, Cerithidea cahfornica SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; Ecology; Estuaries; Horn snail; Light; Shade ID PARASITIC CASTRATION; ESTUARINE SNAIL; LIFE-HISTORY; MARSH PLANTS; IMPACT; GROWTH; PROSOBRANCHIA; REPRODUCTION; PERSPECTIVES; COMPETITION AB Most of the intertidal zone in estuaries of California, USA and Baja California, Mexico is covered with vascular vegetation. Shading by these vascular plants influences abiotic and biotic processes that shape benthic community assemblages. We present data on the effects of shading on the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica. This species is important because it is the most common benthic macrofaunal species in these systems and acts as an obligate intermediate host of several species of trematode parasites that infect several other species. Using observational and experimental studies, we found a negative effect of shade on the distribution and abundance of the California horn snail. We hypothesized that shading reduces the abundance of the epipelic diatoms that the snails feeds on, causing snails to leave shaded areas. We observed a negative relationship between vascular plant cover, sub-canopy light levels, and snail density in Mugu Lagoon. Then we experimentally manipulated light regimes, by clipping vegetation and adding shade structures, and found higher snail densities at higher light levels. In Goleta Slough, we isolated the effect of shade from vegetation by documenting a negative relationship between the shade created by two bridges and diatom and snail densities. We also found that snails moved the greatest distances over shaded channel banks compared to unshaded channel banks. Further, we documented the effect of water depth and channel bank orientation on shading in this system. An additional effect of shading is the reduction of temperature, providing an alternative explanation for some of our results. These results broaden our knowledge of how variation in the light environment influences the ecology of estuarine ecosystems. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorda, Julio; Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Unites States Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lorda, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Unites States Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lorda@lifesci.ucsb.edu; klafferty@usgs.gov RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Lorda, Julio/A-3951-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Lorda, Julio/0000-0002-4293-7518 FU CONACYT; UC-MEXUS; NIH/NSF EID program [DEB-0224565] FX We thank the Naval Base Ventura County for access to Mugu Lagoon. J. Quinn and C. Mendez for their help in the field and S. Teck, R. Bello-Bedoy, A. Kuris, and S. Cooper for their comments and edits to earlier drafts of the manuscript. J. Lorda was funded by CONACYT and UC-MEXUS. The studies were partially funded by NIH/NSF EID program (DEB-0224565). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.07.009 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015FJ UT WOS:000309431500017 ER PT J AU Butman, D Raymond, PA Butler, K Aiken, G AF Butman, David Raymond, Peter A. Butler, Kenna Aiken, George TI Relationships between Delta C-14 and the molecular quality of dissolved organic carbon in rivers draining to the coast from the conterminous United States SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ABUNDANCES; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; INORGANIC CARBON; US RIVERS; MATTER; C-14; WATER; EXPORT; ISOTOPE; OCEAN AB Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters possesses chemical and molecular qualities indicative of its source and age. The apportionment of DOC by age into millennial and decadal pools is necessary to understand the temporal connection between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. We measured Delta C-14-DOC and chemical composition indices (specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA(254)), fluorescence index (FI), hydrophobic organic acid fraction (HPOA) content) for 15 large river basins in the conterminous United States. Across all rivers the average proportion of HPOA in DOC correlated strongly with SUVA(254) (r(2) = 0.93 p < 0.001). Individual Delta C-14-DOC ranged from a low of -92.9% (726 y.b.p.) in the Colorado River to 73.4% (>Modern) in the Altamaha River for the year 2009. When adjusted by total discharge, these U.S. Rivers export modern carbon at between 34 and 46%, a signal dominated by the Mississippi River. The variation in Delta C-14 correlates to indices of the aromaticity of the DOC measured by the SUVA(254) (r(2) = 0.87, p < 0.001), and FI (r(2) = 0.6; p < 0.001) as well as differences in annual river discharge (r(2) = 0.46, p < 0.006). SUVA(254) was further correlated to broad scale vegetation phenology estimated from the Enhanced Vegetation Index derived from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). We show that basins with high discharge, high proportions of vegetation cover, and low human population densities export DOC enriched in aromatic material that corresponds to recently fixed atmospheric CO2. Conversely old DOC is exported from low discharge watersheds draining arid regions, and watersheds more strongly impacted by humans. The potential influence from fossil carbon from human inputs to aquatic systems may be important and requires more research. C1 [Butman, David; Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Butman, David; Butler, Kenna; Aiken, George] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Butman, D (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM david.butman@yale.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network; NASA [NNX09AU89G]; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX07AN83h]; NASA Carbon and Ecosystems Program [NNX11AH68G]; NSF-CAREER grant [NSF DEB-0546153]; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many USGS scientists and field personnel that collected the samples reported on here. This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan), NASA grant NNX09AU89G, and the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program (http://water.usgs.gov/nrp). Financial support for this research was provided by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX07AN83h), a NASA Carbon and Ecosystems Program grant (NNX11AH68G), an NSF-CAREER grant (NSF DEB-0546153) and the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB4014 DI 10.1029/2012GB004361 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047LK UT WOS:000311842100001 ER PT J AU Choy, CA Davison, PC Drazen, JC Flynn, A Gier, EJ Hoffman, JC McClain-Counts, JP Miller, TW Popp, BN Ross, SW Sutton, TT AF Choy, C. Anela Davison, Peter C. Drazen, Jeffrey C. Flynn, Adrian Gier, Elizabeth J. Hoffman, Joel C. McClain-Counts, Jennifer P. Miller, Todd W. Popp, Brian N. Ross, Steve W. Sutton, Tracey T. TI Global Trophic Position Comparison of Two Dominant Mesopelagic Fish Families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotopic Analyses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; AQUATIC FOOD-WEB; GULF-OF-MEXICO; STOMACH CONTENTS; STABLE ISOTOPES; PISCES; DIET; MICRONEKTON; ASSEMBLAGE; ABUNDANCE AB The delta N-15 values of organisms are commonly used across diverse ecosystems to estimate trophic position and infer trophic connectivity. We undertook a novel cross-basin comparison of trophic position in two ecologically well-characterized and different groups of dominant mid-water fish consumers using amino acid nitrogen isotope compositions. We found that trophic positions estimated from the delta N-15 values of individual amino acids are nearly uniform within both families of these fishes across five global regions despite great variability in bulk tissue delta N-15 values. Regional differences in the delta N-15 values of phenylalanine confirmed that bulk tissue delta N-15 values reflect region-specific water mass biogeochemistry controlling delta N-15 values at the base of the food web. Trophic positions calculated from amino acid isotopic analyses (AA-TP) for lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) (AA-TP similar to 2.9) largely align with expectations from stomach content studies (TP similar to 3.2), while AA-TPs for dragonfishes (family Stomiidae) (AA-TP similar to 3.2) were lower than TPs derived from stomach content studies (TP similar to 4.1). We demonstrate that amino acid nitrogen isotope analysis can overcome shortcomings of bulk tissue isotope analysis across biogeochemically distinct systems to provide globally comparative information regarding marine food web structure. C1 [Choy, C. Anela; Drazen, Jeffrey C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Davison, Peter C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Flynn, Adrian] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Flynn, Adrian] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Gier, Elizabeth J.; Popp, Brian N.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [McClain-Counts, Jennifer P.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Miller, Todd W.] Ehime Univ, Global Ctr Excellence, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Sutton, Tracey T.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Choy, CA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cachoy@hawaii.edu RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013; OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833; Popp, Brian/0000-0001-7021-5478 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1041329, OCE-0623551]; Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ123]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ123]; Department of the Interior U.S.G.S. [05HQAG0009, 05099HS004, 5099HS0013] FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant # OCE-1041329 to B.N.P. and J.C.D., NSF grant # OCE-0623551 to T.T.S., and by the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program via Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ123 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to J.C.D. and B.N.P. Field collections and data analyses for GOM samples were supported by grants to S.W.R. by the Department of the Interior U.S.G.S. (Cooperative Agreement 05HQAG0009, subagreements 05099HS004 and 5099HS0013). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 74 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e50133 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050133 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057YW UT WOS:000312601700034 PM 23209656 ER PT J AU Bartlow, NM Lockner, DA Beeler, NM AF Bartlow, N. M. Lockner, D. A. Beeler, N. M. TI Laboratory triggering of stick-slip events by oscillatory loading in the presence of pore fluid with implications for physics of tectonic tremor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EARTH TIDES; EARTHQUAKES; PRESSURE; FAULT; STRESS AB The physical mechanism by which the low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that make up portions of tectonic (also called non-volcanic) tremor are created is poorly understood. In many areas of the world, tectonic tremor and LFEs appear to be strongly tidally modulated, whereas ordinary earthquakes are not. Anomalous seismic wave speeds, interpreted as high pore fluid pressure, have been observed in regions that generate tremor. Here we build upon previous laboratory studies that investigated the response of stick-slip on artificial faults to oscillatory, tide-like loading. These previous experiments were carried out using room-dry samples of Westerly granite, at one effective stress. Here we augment these results with new experiments on Westerly granite, with the addition of varying effective stress using pore fluid at two pressures. We find that raising pore pressure, thereby lowering effective stress can significantly increase the degree of correlation of stick-slip to oscillatory loading. We also find other pore fluid effects that become important at higher frequencies, when the period of oscillation is comparable to the diffusion time of pore fluid into the fault. These results help constrain the conditions at depth that give rise to tidally modulated LFEs, providing confirmation of the effective pressure law for triggering and insights into why tremor is tidally modulated while earthquakes are at best only weakly modulated. C1 [Bartlow, N. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lockner, D. A.; Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bartlow, NM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Mitchell Bldg,397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM noelb@stanford.edu RI Bartlow, Noel/C-2723-2013 OI Bartlow, Noel/0000-0002-9961-5608 FU NSF; Stanford Gabilan Graduate Fellowship FX Noel Bartlow is supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a Stanford Gabilan Graduate Fellowship. The authors would like to thank Greg Hirth, Allan Rubin, David Shelly, Ole Kaven, and Paul Segall for helpful reviews and discussion. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B11411 DI 10.1029/2012JB009452 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 047PA UT WOS:000311851700001 ER PT J AU Roman, DC Vogel, RM Schwarz, GE AF Roman, David C. Vogel, Richard M. Schwarz, Gregory E. TI Regional regression models of watershed suspended-sediment discharge for the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Regression; Water quality; Ungaged; GAGES; SPARROW ID ANNUAL STREAMFLOW; COASTAL OCEAN; RIVER LOADS; FLUX; DELIVERY; HUMANS; IMPACT; WORLD AB Estimates of mean annual watershed sediment discharge, derived from long-term measurements of suspended-sediment concentration and streamflow, often are not available at locations of interest. The goal of this study was to develop multivariate regression models to enable prediction of mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from available basin characteristics useful for most ungaged river locations in the eastern United States. The models are based on long-term mean sediment discharge estimates and explanatory variables obtained from a combined dataset of 1201 US Geological Survey (USGS) stations derived from a SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) study and the Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow (GAGES) database. The resulting regional regression models summarized for major US water resources regions 1-8, exhibited prediction R-2 values ranging from 76.9% to 92.7% and corresponding average model prediction errors ranging from 56.5% to 124.3%. Results from cross-validation experiments suggest that a majority of the models will perform similarly to calibration runs. The 36-parameter regional regression models also outperformed a 16-parameter national SPARROW model of suspended-sediment discharge and indicate that mean annual sediment loads in the eastern United States generally correlates with a combination of basin area, land use patterns, seasonal precipitation, soil composition, hydrologic modification, and to a lesser extent, topography. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roman, David C.; Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Schwarz, Gregory E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Vogel, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM droman@geosyntec.com; richard.vogel@tufts.e-du; gschwarz@usgs.gov RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 23 PY 2012 VL 472 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059ED UT WOS:000312686300005 ER PT J AU Stewart, AM Callegary, JB Smith, CF Gupta, HV Leenhouts, JM Fritzinger, RA AF Stewart, Anne M. Callegary, James B. Smith, Christopher F. Gupta, Hoshin V. Leenhouts, James M. Fritzinger, Robert A. TI Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Continuous slope-area method application; Ephemeral stream channel runoff gaging; Ephemeral stream channel flow gaging; Stage data to runoff quantification AB The continuous slope-area (CSA) method is an innovative gaging method for indirect computation of complete-event discharge hydrographs that can be applied when direct measurement methods are unsafe, impractical, or impossible to apply. This paper reports on use of the method to produce event-specific discharge hydrographs in a network of sand-bedded ephemeral stream channels in southeast Arizona, USA, for water year 2008. The method provided satisfactory discharge estimates for flows that span channel banks, and for moderate to large flows, with about 10-16% uncertainty, respectively for total flow volume and peak flow, as compared to results obtained with an alternate method. Our results also suggest that the CSA method may be useful for estimating runoff of small flows, and during recessions, but with increased uncertainty. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stewart, Anne M.; Gupta, Hoshin V.] Univ AZ, HWR Dept, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stewart, Anne M.; Callegary, James B.; Smith, Christopher F.; Leenhouts, James M.; Fritzinger, Robert A.] USGS AZ Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Stewart, AM (reprint author), USGS NM Water Sci Ctr, 5338 Montgomery Blvd,NE Suite 400, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM astewart@usgs.gov RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Callegary, James/0000-0003-3604-0517 FU US Geological Survey; Army Garrison at Fort Huachuca; City of Sierra Vista; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Funding for this research from the US Geological Survey, the Army Garrison at Fort Huachuca, the City of Sierra Vista, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service is gratefully acknowledged. This paper was improved by careful reviews provided by Michael Roark and Jeffrey Cordova of the USGS WRD, and by two anonymous reviewers. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 23 PY 2012 VL 472 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059ED UT WOS:000312686300012 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM AF Cronin, Thomas M. TI Rapid sea-level rise SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Sea-level rise; Meridional overturning circulation; Sea-surface temperature; Holocene; Climate ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; NORTH ICELANDIC SHELF; LAST INTERGLACIAL HIGHSTAND; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEEP-WATER TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; INCREASED MASS-LOSS AB Several global and regional factors contribute to observed sea-level change along any particular coast. Global processes include changes in ocean mass (glacio-eustasy from ice melt), ocean volume (steric effects), viscoelastic land movements (glacioisostatic adjustment CIA), and changes in terrestrial water storage. Regional processes, often connected to steric and glacial changes, include changes in ocean circulation (Meridional Overturning Circulation [MOC]), glacial melting, local CIA, regional subsidence and others. Paleoclimate, instrumental and modeling studies show that combinations of these factors can cause relatively rapid rates of sea-level rise exceeding 3 mm yr(-1) over various timescales along particular coasts. This paper discusses patterns and causes of sea-level rise with emphasis on paleoclimatological records. It then addresses the hypothesis of late Holocene (pre-20th century) sea-level stability in light of paleoclimatic evidence, notably from reconstructions of sea-surface temperature and glacial activity, for significant climate and sea-level variability during this time. The practical difficulties of assessing regional sea-level (SL) patterns at submillennial timescales will be discussed using an example from the eastern United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 264 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 140 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 56 BP 11 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.021 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 044ZZ UT WOS:000311665000002 ER PT J AU Oze, C Jones, LC Goldsmith, JI Rosenbauer, RJ AF Oze, Christopher Jones, L. Camille Goldsmith, Jonas I. Rosenbauer, Robert J. TI Reply to Lang et al.: Using field analyses to properly address the kinetics of methane genesis in olivine-rich hydrothermal systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Oze, Christopher] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Jones, L. Camille] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goldsmith, Jonas I.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Chem, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Oze, C (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM christopher.oze@canterbury.ac.nz NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 47 BP E3211 EP E3211 DI 10.1073/pnas.1213712109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049PZ UT WOS:000311997200005 ER PT J AU Hobbelen, PHF Samuel, MD LaPointe, DA Atkinson, CT AF Hobbelen, Peter H. F. Samuel, Michael D. LaPointe, Dennis A. Atkinson, Carter T. TI Modeling Future Conservation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers by Mosquito Management and Translocation of Disease-Tolerant Amakihi SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; APAPANE HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; MALARIA PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; AVIAN MALARIA; FOREST BIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Avian malaria is an important cause of the decline of endemic Hawaiian honeycreepers. Because of the complexity of this disease system we used a computer model of avian malaria in forest birds to evaluate how two proposed conservation strategies: 1) reduction of habitat for mosquito larvae and 2) establishment of a low-elevation, malaria-tolerant honeycreeper (Hawaii Amakihi) to mid-elevation forests would affect native Hawaiian honeycreeper populations. We evaluated these approaches in mid-elevation forests, where malaria transmission is seasonal and control strategies are more likely to work. Our model suggests the potential benefit of larval habitat reduction depends on the level of malaria transmission, abundance of larval cavities, and the ability to substantially reduce these cavities. Permanent reduction in larval habitat of >80% may be needed to control abundance of infectious mosquitoes and benefit bird populations. Establishment of malaria-tolerant Amakihi in mid-elevation forests increases Amakihi abundance, creates a larger disease reservoir, and increases the abundance of infectious mosquitoes which may negatively impact other honeycreepers. For mid-elevation sites where bird populations are severely affected by avian malaria, malaria-tolerant Amakihi had little impact on other honeycreepers. Both management strategies may benefit native Hawaiian honeycreepers, but benefits depend on specific forest characteristics, the amount of reduction in larval habitat that can be achieved, and how malaria transmission is affected by temperature. C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hobbelen, Peter H. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0083944]; U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Invasive Species Programs FX This work was supported with funding from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0083944) and the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Invasive Species Programs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49594 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049594 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 043II UT WOS:000311535700041 PM 23185375 ER PT J AU Steinschneider, S Polebitski, A Brown, C Letcher, BH AF Steinschneider, Scott Polebitski, Austin Brown, Casey Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Toward a statistical framework to quantify the uncertainties of hydrologic response under climate change SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER-BALANCE MODELS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; INPUT UNCERTAINTY; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; FLOOD FREQUENCY; CHANGE IMPACTS; CALIBRATION; RESOURCES; METHODOLOGY AB The cascade of uncertainty that underscores climate impact assessments of regional hydrology undermines their value for long-term water resources planning and management. This study presents a statistical framework that quantifies and propagates the uncertainties of hydrologic model response through projections of future streamflow under climate change. Different sources of hydrologic model uncertainty are accounted for using Bayesian modeling. The distribution of model residuals is formally characterized to quantify predictive skill, and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is used to infer the posterior distributions of both hydrologic and error model parameters. Parameter and residual error uncertainties are integrated to develop reliable prediction intervals for streamflow estimates. The Bayesian hydrologic modeling framework is then extended to a climate change impact assessment. Ensembles of baseline and future climate are downscaled from global circulation models and are used to drive simulations of streamflow over parameters drawn from the posterior space. Time series of streamflow statistics are calculated from baseline and future ensembles of simulated flows. Uncertainties in hydrologic model response, sampling error, and the range of future climate projections are integrated to help determine the level of confidence associated with hydrologic alteration between baseline and future climate regimes. A case study is conducted on the White River in Vermont, USA. Results indicate that the framework can be used to present a reliable depiction of the range of hydrologic alterations that may occur in the future. C1 [Steinschneider, Scott; Polebitski, Austin; Brown, Casey] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Polebitski, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 130 Nat Resources Rd, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM polebitski@ecs.umass.edu NR 59 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W11525 DI 10.1029/2011WR011318 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 043TC UT WOS:000311570500001 ER PT J AU Shuey, J Szymanski, J AF Shuey, John Szymanski, Jennifer TI MODIFIED POLLARD TRANSECTS DO NOT PREDICT ESTIMATED DAILY POPULATION SIZE FOR THE SECRETIVE BUTTERFLY, NEONYMPHA MITCHELLII MITCHELLII FRENCH SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Mark-release-recapture; population monitoring; endangered species ID ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; COUNTS; SATYR AB Over two years, we concurrently assessed two populations of Mitchell's satyr butterfly using mark-release-recapture (MRR) and modified Pollard transects (MPT) in order to calibrate the low intensity MPT method to high intensity quantitative, MRR population estimates. We found no correlation between daily MRR population estimates and MPT counts. We attribute this to the sedentary behavior of Mitchell's satyr. We strongly suggest that researchers and managers understand the nature of this relationship before interpreting MPT data and other low intensity monitoring methods if these data are used for population management and recovery programs. C1 [Shuey, John] Nature Conservancy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Shuey, J (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 620 E Ohio St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM jshuey@tnc.org; jennifer_szymanski@fws.gov FU Michigan Department of Transportation; Nature Conservancy's Hoosier Science Fund FX We thank Kim Mitchell, Lori Scinto, Christi Deloria, Jenny Wilson, Mark Paulson and Laura Ragan for field assistance and Neil Darlow for data entry. A special thanks Chuck Nelson for his interest in endangered species conservation and access to his site for our research. This work was funded by the Michigan Department of Transportation and The Nature Conservancy's Hoosier Science Fund. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 66 IS 4 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 047DS UT WOS:000311818500006 ER PT J AU Escolar, C Martinez, I Bowker, MA Maestre, FT AF Escolar, Cristina Martinez, Isabel Bowker, Matthew A. Maestre, Fernando T. TI Warming reduces the growth and diversity of biological soil crusts in a semi-arid environment: implications for ecosystem structure and functioning SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; lichens; mosses; biological soil crusts; Mediterranean; semi-arid ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND; MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; MOJAVE DESERT; BIOTIC CRUST; CO2 EXCHANGE; SE SPAIN AB Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are key biotic components of dryland ecosystems worldwide that control many functional processes, including carbon and nitrogen cycling, soil stabilization and infiltration. Regardless of their ecological importance and prevalence in drylands, very few studies have explicitly evaluated how climate change will affect the structure and composition of BSCs, and the functioning of their constituents. Using a manipulative experiment conducted over 3 years in a semi-arid site from central Spain, we evaluated how the composition, structure and performance of lichen-dominated BSCs respond to a 2.4 degrees C increase in temperature, and to an approximately 30 per cent reduction of total annual rainfall. In areas with well-developed BSCs, warming promoted a significant decrease in the richness and diversity of the whole BSC community. This was accompanied by important compositional changes, as the cover of lichens suffered a substantial decrease with warming (from 70 to 40% on average), while that of mosses increased slightly (from 0.3 to 7% on average). The physiological performance of the BSC community, evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence, increased with warming during the first year of the experiment, but did not respond to rainfall reduction. Our results indicate that ongoing climate change will strongly affect the diversity and composition of BSC communities, as well as their recovery after disturbances. The expected changes in richness and composition under warming could reduce or even reverse the positive effects of BSCs on important soil processes. Thus, these changes are likely to promote an overall reduction in ecosystem processes that sustain and control nutrient cycling, soil stabilization and water dynamics. C1 [Escolar, Cristina; Martinez, Isabel; Maestre, Fernando T.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Bowker, Matthew A.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Escolar, C (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. EM cristina.escolar@urjc.es RI Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Martinez, Isabel/K-8800-2014; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Martinez, Isabel/0000-0002-5924-1648; FU European Research Council (ERC) under the European Community [242658]; British Ecological Society [231/1975]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion (Salvador de Madariaga programme) [PR2010-0230] FX We thank the Instituto Madrileno de Investigacion y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA) for allowing us to work in the Aranjuez Experimental Station (Finca de Sotomayor), the AEMET for providing climatic information, Katia Cezon (Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid) for her help with identification of bryophytes and Victoria Ochoa, Patricia Alonso, Rebecca L. Mau, Beatriz Gozalo and Miguel Berdugo for their help in the field. Rob Salguero-Gomez and two anonymous reviewers provided multiple comments that helped to improve previous versions of this manuscript. This research was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no. 242658 (BIOCOM), and by the British Ecological Society, which supported C. E. through the Studentship 231/1975. F. T. M. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion (Salvador de Madariaga programme, PR2010-0230) during the writing of the manuscript. NR 96 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 142 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 367 IS 1606 SI SI BP 3087 EP 3099 DI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0344 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 019YP UT WOS:000309775800003 PM 23045707 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Walvoord, MA Butler, KD AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Walvoord, Michelle A. Butler, Kenna D. TI Dissolved organic matter composition of winter flow in the Yukon River basin: Implications of permafrost thaw and increased groundwater discharge SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CENTRAL ALASKA; CARBON LOSS; SOILS; FLUORESCENCE; WATER; DEGRADATION AB Groundwater discharge to rivers has increased in recent decades across the circumpolar region and has been attributed to thawing permafrost in arctic and subarctic watersheds. Permafrost-driven changes in groundwater discharge will alter the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rivers, yet little is known about the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of groundwater in permafrost settings. Here, we characterize DOM composition of winter flow in 60 rivers and streams of the Yukon River basin to evaluate the biogeochemical consequences of enhanced groundwater discharge associated with permafrost thaw. DOC concentration of winter flow averaged 3.9 +/- 0.5mg C L-1, yet was highly variable across basins (ranging from <1 to >20 mg C L-1). In comparison to the summer-autumn period, DOM composition of winter flow had lower aromaticity (as indicated by specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, or SUVA(254)), lower hydrophobic acid content, and a higher proportion of hydrophilic compounds (HPI). Fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis indicated enrichment of protein-like fluorophores in some, but not all, winter flow samples. The ratio of DOC to dissolved organic nitrogen, an indicator of DOM biodegradability, was positively correlated with SUVA(254) and negatively correlated with the percentage of protein-like compounds. Using a simple two-pool mixing model, we evaluate possible changes in DOM during the summer-autumn period across a range of conditions reflecting possible increases in groundwater discharge. Across three watersheds, we consistently observed decreases in DOC concentration and SUVA(254) and increases in HPI with increasing groundwater discharge. Spatial patterns in DOM composition of winter flow appear to reflect differences in the relative contributions of groundwater from suprapermafrost and subpermafrost aquifers across watersheds. Our findings call for more explicit consideration of DOC loss and stabilization pathways associated with changing subsurface hydrology in watersheds underlain by thawing permafrost. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM jonathan_a_o'donnell@nps.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network FX The authors would like to thank scientists affiliated with the U.S. Geological Survey Yukon River project, who collected and processed samples between 2001 and 2011. In particular, we thank Rob Striegl, Kimberly Wickland, Paul Schuster, Doug Halm, and Mark Dornblaser. We also thank Richard Smith, Deb Repert, and Ben Kamark for analytical support in the lab, and Cory McDonald for assisting with Figure 1. Richard Smith, Rob Spencer, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding for Jon O'Donnell was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 143 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV 17 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB0E06 DI 10.1029/2012GB004341 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039LG UT WOS:000311246700002 ER PT J AU Roland, E Lizarralde, D McGuire, JJ Collins, JA AF Roland, Emily Lizarralde, Dan McGuire, Jeffrey J. Collins, John A. TI Seismic velocity constraints on the material properties that control earthquake behavior at the Quebrada-Discovery-Gofar transform faults, East Pacific Rise SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC FRACTURE-ZONES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EXPANDING SPREAD PROFILES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SLIP; DEFORMATION; BENEATH; TOMOGRAPHY AB Mid-ocean ridge transform faults (RTFs) vary strongly along strike in their ability to generate large earthquakes. This general observation suggests that local variations in material properties along RTFs exert a primary control on earthquake rupture dynamics. We explore these relationships by examining the seismic structure of two RTFs that have distinctly different seismic coupling. We determine the seismic velocity structure at the Gofar and Quebrada faults on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) using P wave traveltime tomography with data from two active-source wide-angle refraction lines crossing the faults. We image low-velocity zones (LVZs) at both faults, where P wave velocities are reduced by as much as 0.5-1.0 km/s (similar to 10-20%) within a several kilometer wide region. At the Gofar fault, the LVZ extends through the entire crust, into the seismogenic zone. We rule out widespread serpentinization as an explanation for the low velocities, owing to the lack of a corresponding signal in the locally measured gravity field. The reduced velocities can be explained if the plate boundary region is composed of fault material with enhanced fluid-filled porosity (1.5-8%). Local seismic observations indicate that the high-porosity region lies within a similar to 10 km long portion of the fault that fails in large swarms of microearthquakes and acts as a barrier to the propagation of large (M similar to 6.0) earthquakes. Tomographic images of fault structure combined with observed earthquake behavior suggest that EPR transform segments capable of generating large earthquakes have relatively intact gabbro within the seismogenic zone, whereas segments that slip aseismically or via earthquake swarms are composed of highly fractured, >= 2 km wide damage zones that extend throughout the crust. C1 [Roland, Emily] MIT, MIT WHOI Joint Program, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lizarralde, Dan; McGuire, Jeffrey J.; Collins, John A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Roland, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM eroland@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE) [0242117]; Division of Earth Sciences (EAR) [0943480]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX Work presented here would not have been possible without the assistance of Alastair Harding, who generously made available the VMTomo code, and provided key input during the writing of this manuscript. This work also benefited hugely from Nathan Miller's expertise in implementing the tomographic inversion framework. Don Forsyth and Robert Pickle provided the gravity data used in the interpretation. High-quality seismic data sets used in this study were acquired with the help of the crew of the R/V Marcus G. Langseth and the WHOI OBS team including, Dave Dubois and Peter Lemmond. This manuscript benefited from thoughtful discussions with Margaret Boettcher, Mark Behn, Wenlu Zhu, Greg Hirth, and Stephane Rondenay, as well as from constructive and insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers. The material presented here is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE) grant 0242117, Division of Earth Sciences (EAR) grant 0943480, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B11102 DI 10.1029/2012JB009422 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039OW UT WOS:000311257400001 ER PT J AU Huntington, JL Niswonger, RG AF Huntington, Justin L. Niswonger, Richard G. TI Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions: An integrated modeling approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; WEATHERED BEDROCK; SIERRA-NEVADA; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; RECHARGE; FLOW; VARIABILITY AB Previous studies indicate predominantly increasing trends in precipitation across the Western United States, while at the same time, historical streamflow records indicate decreasing summertime streamflow and 25th percentile annual flows. These opposing trends could be viewed as paradoxical, given that several studies suggest that increased annual precipitation will equate to increased annual groundwater recharge, and therefore increased summertime flow. To gain insight on mechanisms behind these potential changes, we rely on a calibrated, integrated surface and groundwater model to simulate climate impacts on surface water/groundwater interactions using 12 general circulation model projections of temperature and precipitation from 2010 to 2100, and evaluate the interplay between snowmelt timing and other hydrologic variables, including streamflow, groundwater recharge, storage, groundwater discharge, and evapotranspiration. Hydrologic simulations show that the timing of peak groundwater discharge to the stream is inversely correlated to snowmelt runoff and groundwater recharge due to the bank storage effect and reversal of hydraulic gradients between the stream and underlying groundwater. That is, groundwater flow to streams peaks following the decrease in stream depth caused by snowmelt recession, and the shift in snowmelt causes a corresponding shift in groundwater discharge to streams. Our results show that groundwater discharge to streams is depleted during the summer due to earlier drainage of shallow aquifers adjacent to streams even if projected annual precipitation and groundwater recharge increases. These projected changes in surface water/groundwater interactions result in more than a 30% decrease in the projected ensemble summertime streamflow. Our findings clarify causality of observed decreasing summertime flow, highlight important aspects of potential climate change impacts on groundwater resources, and underscore the need for integrated hydrologic models in climate change studies. C1 [Huntington, Justin L.] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. RP Huntington, JL (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM justinh@dri.edu FU NV State Engineer's Office; Bureau of Reclamation NV Water Resources Evaluation Program; U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater; [06FC204044] FX Support for the first author was provided by the NV State Engineer's Office and the Bureau of Reclamation NV Water Resources Evaluation Program, funded by a grant under Public Law 109103, section 2.8(a), Cooperative Agreement 06FC204044. Support for the second author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. The authors would like to thank Mary Tiree, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Mike Dettinger, USGS, for their help in obtaining GCM data, and Dave Prudic, USGS emeritus, for his help with conceptual model development, Steve Regan, Steve Markstrom, and Paul Barlow, USGS, for their help with model development, and Toby Welborn for help with figure illustration. The authors also would like to thank Greg Pohll, John Mejia, and Darko Koracin, Desert Research Institute, for their ideas and input, Lisa Wable and Anna Knust, Desert Research Institute for their illustration and editing efforts, and Jim Thomas and Simon Poulson from the Desert Research Institute and University of NV Reno for financial assistance and isotopic analysis. NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 17 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W11524 DI 10.1029/2012WR012319 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 039BD UT WOS:000311216900001 ER PT J AU Ross, BE Hooten, MB Koons, DN AF Ross, Beth E. Hooten, Mevin B. Koons, David N. TI An Accessible Method for Implementing Hierarchical Models with Spatio-Temporal Abundance Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; LESSER SCAUP; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; OBSERVATION ERROR; PROCESS NOISE; YUKON FLATS; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY AB A common goal in ecology and wildlife management is to determine the causes of variation in population dynamics over long periods of time and across large spatial scales. Many assumptions must nevertheless be overcome to make appropriate inference about spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, such as autocorrelation among data points, excess zeros, and observation error in count data. To address these issues, many scientists and statisticians have recommended the use of Bayesian hierarchical models. Unfortunately, hierarchical statistical models remain somewhat difficult to use because of the necessary quantitative background needed to implement them, or because of the computational demands of using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate parameters. Fortunately, new tools have recently been developed that make it more feasible for wildlife biologists to fit sophisticated hierarchical Bayesian models (i.e., Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, 'INLA'). We present a case study using two important game species in North America, the lesser and greater scaup, to demonstrate how INLA can be used to estimate the parameters in a hierarchical model that decouples observation error from process variation, and accounts for unknown sources of excess zeros as well as spatial and temporal dependence in the data. Ultimately, our goal was to make unbiased inference about spatial variation in population trends over time. C1 [Ross, Beth E.; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ross, BE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM beth.ross@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Delta Waterfowl; Ecology Center and Wildland Resources Department at Utah State University FX Delta Waterfowl (www.deltawaterfowl.org) and the Ecology Center and Wildland Resources Department at Utah State University provided funding for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 54 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49395 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049395 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048BN UT WOS:000311885300035 PM 23166658 ER PT J AU da Luz, BR Crowley, JK AF da Luz, Beatriz Ribeiro Crowley, James K. TI Morphological and chemical evidence of stromatolitic deposits in the 2.75 Ga Carajas banded iron formation, Brazil SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE banded iron formation; iron bacteria; Carajas ID PROTEROZOIC TRANSVAAL SUPERGROUP; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-AFRICA; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; FACIES TRANSITION; REDUCING BACTERIA; HAMERSLEY GROUP AB We describe evidence of biogenicity in the morphology and carbon content of well-preserved, Neoarchean samples of banded iron formation (BIF) from Carajas, Brazil. Silica-rich BIF layers contain translucent ellipsoidal or trapezoidal structures (similar to 5-10 mu m diameter) composed of silica, hematite, and kerogen, which are arranged in larger ring-like forms (rosettes). Stable carbon isotope analysis yields a delta C-13 value of -24.5% indicating that the contained carbon is likely biogenic. Raman and SEM analyses, as well as wavelength-dispersive X-ray elemental maps, show kerogen inside the rosette forms. Within the iron-rich BIF layers, tubular structures (0.5-5 mu m) were observed between hematite granules and blades. Kerogen and kaolinite are present in these structures. Both the rosettes and the tubular structures resemble morphologies that are characteristic of some bacterial species. We hypothesize that the Carajas BIFs originated as biomats formed by one or more species that over time produced large stromatolitic structures. The rosettes and the tubular structures, associated with chert-rich and iron-rich BIF layers, respectively, may represent two different species, or perhaps, two phases of a bacterium life cycle. For example, some modern myxobacteria exhibit similar morphologies in their resting and vegetative stages. Fe(III) precipitation may have occurred by contact of Fe(II) with bacterial slime, leading to oxidation by chemical reactions with exposed polysaccharide hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The Fe(III) would then have been available for use as a source of energy in a dissimilatory iron reduction type of metabolism. Organic carbon input presumably came from primary producers (not necessarily aerobic) within the local water column, perhaps in shallow-water communities. Alternatively, the carbon may have originated by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at ocean hydrothermal vents. The observed lateral continuity of BIF layers may perhaps be explained by chemical signaling by the bacteria of favorable or unfavorable environmental conditions, leading to nearly synchronous cell morphogenesis from a vegetative to resting phase and vice versa. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [da Luz, Beatriz Ribeiro; Crowley, James K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP da Luz, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bribeirodaluz@usgs.gov FU NASA FX We wish to thank our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey including Harvey Belkin for electron microprobe mapping, I.-Ming Chou for help with Raman spectral analysis, John Jackson for assistance with X-ray diffraction analysis, Kinga Revesz and Haiping Qi for the carbon isotope analysis, and Robert Stamm for gold coating of SEM samples. John F. Slack and William F. Cannon provided technical reviews of the manuscript and offered many important suggestions for improvement. The samples used in this study were collected with the assistance of Gilberto Silva and the Vale do Rio Doce Company. Funding for the sample collection and thin section preparation was provided by the NASA Interdisciplinary Exploration Science Project, "Remote Spectral Characterization of Terrestrial Life Forming Environments for Planetary Exploration.". NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 355 BP 60 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.028 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 078DQ UT WOS:000314079000007 ER PT J AU Trumble, SJ Robinson, EM Noren, SR Usenko, S Davis, J Kanatous, SB AF Trumble, Stephen J. Robinson, Eleanor M. Noren, Shawn R. Usenko, Sascha Davis, Jay Kanatous, Shane B. TI Assessment of legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants in Weddell seal tissue (Leptonychotes weddellii) near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Weddell seals; McMurdo sound; Persistent organic pollutants; Antarctica; DDT; PBDE ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BODY OXYGEN STORES; RINGED SEALS; HARBOR SEALS; MARINE MAMMALS; PHOCA-VITULINA; FOOD-CHAINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; DIVING CAPACITY AB Muscle samples were collected from pup, juvenile and adult Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) near McMurdo Sound. Antarctica during the austral summer of 2006. Blubber samples were collected from juvenile and adult seals. Samples were analyzed for emerging and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including current and historic-use organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Of the 41 target analytes, 28 contaminants were recovered from the Weddell seal blubber, in this order of prevalence: p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, trans-nonachlor, mirex, cis-nonachlor. PCB 153, PCB 138, dieldrin. heptachlor epoxide, nonachlor III, PCB 187, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane. PCB 118, PBDE 47, PCB 156, PCB 149, PCB 180. PCB 101, PCB 170, PCB 105, o,p'-DDT, PCB 99. trans-chlordane, PCB 157, PCB 167, PCB 189, and PCB 114. Fewer POPs were found in the muscle samples, but were similar in the order of prevalence to that of the blubber: p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, trans-nonachlor, nonachlor III, oxychlordane, p,p'-DDT, dieldrin, mirex, cis-nonachlor, PCB 138, and PCB 105. Besides differences in toxicant concentrations reported between the muscle and blubber, we found differences in POP levels according to age class and suggest that differences in blubber storage and/or mobilization of lipids result in age class differences in POPs. To our knowledge, such ontogenetic associations are novel. Importantly, data from this study suggest that p,p'-DDT is becoming less prevalent temporally, resulting in an increased proportion of its metabolite p,p'-DDE in the tissues of this top predator. In addition, this study is among the first to identify a PBDE congener in Weddell seals near the McMurdo Station. This may provide evidence of increased PBDE transport and encroachment in Antarctic wildlife. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Trumble, Stephen J.; Robinson, Eleanor M.; Usenko, Sascha] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Noren, Shawn R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Davis, Jay] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Kanatous, Shane B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Usenko, S (reprint author), Baylor Univ, 1 Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Sascha_Usenko@baylor.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Trumble, Stephen/0000-0001-6319-9633; Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909 FU NSF Office of Polar Programs [OPP-0125475, OPP 0440713] FX This work was supported by NSF Office of Polar Programs grants (OPP-0125475 and OPP 0440713) awarded to S.B.K. All samples were collected under MMPA # 10751788-00. We wish to thank all the personnel at Raytheon Polar Services for their outstanding support. We would also like to thank Drs. Allyson Hindell, Rebecca Watson, Linnea Pearson and Thomas "pine nut" Hawke for their field assistance. Special thanks to Joy Lapseritis for the constructive editorial and theoretical comments. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 439 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.018 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058JP UT WOS:000312630200033 PM 23085468 ER PT J AU Chapin, TP Todd, AS AF Chapin, Thomas P. Todd, Andrew S. TI MiniSipper: A new in situ water sampler for high-resolution, long-duration acid mine drainage monitoring SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE In situ water sampler; Acid mine drainage; High-resolution long-duration monitoring; Seasonal variations; Precipitation effects; Metal-conductivity correlations ID IMPACT; STREAM; CHEMISTRY; METALS; SPAIN; TINTO AB Abandoned hard-rock mines can be a significant source of acid mine drainage (AMD) and toxic metal pollution to watersheds. In Colorado, USA, abandoned mines are often located in remote, high elevation areas that are snowbound for 7-8 months of the year. The difficulty in accessing these remote sites, especially during winter, creates challenging water sampling problems and major hydrologic and toxic metal loading events are often under sampled. Currently available automated water samplers are not well suited for sampling remote snowbound areas so the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a new water sampler, the MiniSipper, to provide long-duration, high-resolution water sampling in remote areas. The MiniSipper is a small, portable sampler that uses gas bubbles to separate up to 250 five milliliter acidified samples in a long tubing coil. The MiniSipper operates for over 8 months unattended in water under snow/ice, reduces field work costs, and greatly increases sampling resolution, especially during inaccessible times. MiniSippers were deployed in support of an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) project evaluating acid mine drainage inputs from the Pennsylvania Mine to the Snake River watershed in Summit County, CO, USA. MiniSipper metal results agree within 10% of EPA-USGS hand collected grab sample results. Our high-resolution results reveal very strong correlations (R-2 > 0.9) between potentially toxic metals (Cd. Cu, and Zn) and specific conductivity at the Pennsylvania Mine site. The large number of samples collected by the MiniSipper over the entire water year provides a detailed look at the effects of major hydrologic events such as snowmelt runoff and rainstorms on metal loading from the Pennsylvania Mine. MiniSipper results will help guide EPA sampling strategy and remediation efforts in the Snake River watershed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chapin, Thomas P.; Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chapin, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov; atodd@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program; EPA Region 8 FX This research was supported with funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program and EPA Region 8. We would like to thank the anonymous journal reviewers and LaDonna Choate (USGS) for their insightful comments which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 439 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.083 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058JP UT WOS:000312630200040 PM 23103760 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RA Conn, KE Crosswell, JR Noble, RT AF Gonzalez, Raul A. Conn, Kathleen E. Crosswell, Joseph R. Noble, Rachel T. TI Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Multiple linear regression; E. coli; Enterococci; Bacteroidales; Quantitative PCR; Shellfish harvesting ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; REAL-TIME PCR; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; COASTAL WATERS; FRESH-WATER; POLLUTION; BEACHES AB Coastal and estuarine waters are the site of intense anthropogenic influence with concomitant use for recreation and seafood harvesting. Therefore, coastal and estuarine water quality has a direct impact on human health. In eastern North Carolina (NC) there are over 240 recreational and 1025 shellfish harvesting water quality monitoring sites that are regularly assessed. Because of the large number of sites, sampling frequency is often only on a weekly basis. This frequency, along with an 18-24 h incubation time for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) enumeration via culture-based methods, reduces the efficiency of the public notification process. In states like NC where beach monitoring resources are limited but historical data are plentiful, predictive models may offer an improvement for monitoring and notification by providing real-time FIB estimates. In this study, water samples were collected during 12 thy (n = 88) and 13 wet (n = 66) weather events at up to 10 sites. Statistical predictive models for Escherichia coli (EC), enterococci (ENT), and members of the Bacteroidales group were created and subsequently validated. Our results showed that models for EC and ENT (adjusted R-2 were 0.61 and 0.64, respectively) incorporated a range of antecedent rainfall, climate, and environmental variables. The most important variables for EC and ENT models were 5-day antecedent rainfall, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. These models successfully predicted FIB levels over a wide range of conditions with a 3% (EC model) and 9% (ENT model) overall error rate for recreational threshold values and a 0% (EC model) overall error rate for shellfish threshold values. Though modeling of members of the Bacteroidales group had less predictive ability (adjusted R-2 were 0.56 and 0.53 for fecal Bacteroides spp. and human Bacteroides spp., respectively), the modeling approach and testing provided information on Bacteroidales ecology. This is the first example of a set of successful statistical predictive models appropriate for assessment of both recreational and shellfish harvesting water quality in estuarine waters. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Gonzalez, Raul A.; Crosswell, Joseph R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Conn, Kathleen E.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Noble, RT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM rtnoble@email.unc.edu OI Crosswell, Joseph/0000-0001-5568-5391 FU United States Department of Agriculture's National Initiative of Food and Agriculture (National Research Initiative) Water and Watersheds Program [NCR-2008-01772] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture's National Initiative of Food and Agriculture (National Research Initiative) Water and Watersheds Program Project Number NCR-2008-01772. The research would not have been possible without the field and laboratory participation of Denene Blackwood, Monica Greene, Dana Gulbransen, Sarah Hatcher, Sarah Rhodes, and Curtis Stumpf. The authors also thank Dr. William Kirby-Smith for making his rain data available and the property owners for access to the sampling sites. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 18 BP 5871 EP 5882 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 037TT UT WOS:000311130100005 PM 22981488 ER PT J AU Otto, CRV Roloff, GJ AF Otto, Clint R. V. Roloff, Gary J. TI Songbird response to green-tree retention prescriptions in clearcut forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aspen; Bird occupancy; Clearcut; Structural retention; Timber harvest; Silviculture ID BIRD RESPONSES; NORTH-AMERICA; IMPERFECT DETECTION; VARIABLE RETENTION; BOREAL FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; OCCUPANCY; BIODIVERSITY AB Green-tree retention prescriptions have been proposed as a silvicultural technique for reducing the negative impacts of clearcutting on mature forest-associated species, while still promoting habitat for early-successional species. We evaluated the effectiveness of green-tree retention for conserving mature forest-associated, generalist, and early-successional songbirds in aspen stands that were 1-15 years post-harvest. We compared species occupancy estimates at sites where green-tree retention levels were exceeded (>10% canopy cover), met (3-10%), or below (<3%) recommended retention guidelines. We also compared the relative importance of these levels of green-tree retention to forest stand age in explaining songbird occurrence. With the exception of Red-eyed Vireos, our results suggest that current green-tree retention guidelines are ineffective at increasing site occupancy of mature forest-associated songbirds in aspen harvest units. Additionally, site occupancy of early-successional and generalist songbirds were unaffected by these levels of retention. Rather, site occupancy probabilities for most forest birds showed a clear association with age since harvest (1-15 years); however, the strength and direction of the association varied by species. Our research highlights the importance of considering forest stand age when assessing the impact of silvicultural prescriptions on forest songbirds. Future management objectives in aspen forests should reflect the value of clearcutting to early-successional and generalist bird species, while recognizing that green-tree retention as measured in our study does little to promote occupancy of the mature forest-associated bird community. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Otto, Clint R. V.; Roloff, Gary J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Otto, CRV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM clint.otto@gmail.com; roloff@msu.edu FU MDNR Wildlife Division; federal Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act grant [W-147-R] FX We thank David Burt, Andrew Coleman, Jonathan Lautenbach, Joseph Lautenbach, Darin McNeil, Rachelle Sterling, Shayna Wieferich, and numerous volunteers for their assistance in the collection of field and GIS data. Mike Donovan and Kerry Fitzpatrick (MDNR) helped develop project objectives. We thank Mike Donovan and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Support for this project was provided by the MDNR Wildlife Division with funds from the federal Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act grant administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (W-147-R: Michigan's Statewide Wildlife Research and Restoration Program). NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 284 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.016 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 035KN UT WOS:000310945600026 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DP Haeussler, PJ Seitz, GG Dawson, TE AF Schwartz, David P. Haeussler, Peter J. Seitz, Gordon G. Dawson, Timothy E. TI Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: Implications for fault branching and seismic hazards SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; SURFACE RUPTURE; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CENTRAL ALASKA; MARIN COUNTY; ZONE; DEFORMATION AB The propagation of the rupture of the M-w 7.9 Denali fault earthquake from the central Denali fault onto the Totschunda fault has provided a basis for dynamic models of fault branching in which the angle of the regional or local prestress relative to the orientation of the main fault and branch plays a principal role in determining which fault branch is taken. GeoEarthScope LiDAR and paleoseismic data allow us to map the structure of the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection and evaluate controls of fault branching from a geological perspective. LiDAR data reveal the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection is structurally simple with the two faults directly connected. At the branch point, 227.2 km east of the 2002 epicenter, the 2002 rupture diverges southeast to become the Totschunda fault. We use paleoseismic data to propose that differences in the accumulated strain on each fault segment, which express differences in the elapsed time since the most recent event, was one important control of the branching direction. We suggest that data on event history, slip rate, paleo offsets, fault geometry and structure, and connectivity, especially on high slip rate-short recurrence interval faults, can be used to assess the likelihood of branching and its direction. Analysis of the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection has implications for evaluating the potential for a rupture to propagate across other types of fault intersections and for characterizing sources of future large earthquakes. C1 [Schwartz, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Seitz, Gordon G.; Dawson, Timothy E.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Schwartz, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dschwartz@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU USGS; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) FX We acknowledge the helpful discussions and interactions in the field with Tony Crone, Steven Personius, Heidi Stenner, Ana Cadena, Ari Matmon, and Sean Bemis. A special thanks goes to Gordon Jacoby for his insight into tree ring dating and efforts to correlate tree rings between our paleoseismic sites. Fieldwork was supported by the USGS and by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the USGS, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company. We thank Ruth Harris, Brian Sherrod, Chris Scholz, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful and constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B11304 DI 10.1029/2011JB008918 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039OR UT WOS:000311256800001 ER PT J AU Shanahan, TM Beck, JW Overpeck, JT Mckay, NP Pigati, JS Peck, JA Scholz, CA Heil, CW King, J AF Shanahan, Timothy M. Beck, J. Warren Overpeck, Jonathan T. Mckay, Nicholas P. Pigati, Jeffrey S. Peck, John A. Scholz, Christopher A. Heil, Clifford W., Jr. King, John TI Late Quaternary sedimentological and climate changes at Lake Bosumtwi Ghana: New constraints from laminae analysis and radiocarbon age modeling SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Africa; Paleoclimate; Lake; Radiocarbon; Age model ID TROPICAL WEST-AFRICA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; AMS RADIOCARBON; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DEPTH MODELS; HOLOCENE; RECORD; BP; CALIBRATION; CHRONOLOGIES AB The Lake Bosumtwi sediment record represents one of the longest and highest-resolution terrestrial records of paleoclimate change available from sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report a new sediment age model framework for the last similar to 45 cal kyr of sedimentation using a combination of high-resolution radiocarbon dating, Bayesian age-depth modeling and lamination counting. Our results highlight the practical limits of these methods for reducing age model uncertainties and suggest that even with very high sampling densities, radiocarbon uncertainties of at least a few hundred years are unavoidable. Age model uncertainties are smallest during the Holocene (205 yr) and the glacial (360 yr) but are large at the base of the record (1660 yr), due to a combination of decreasing sample density, larger calibration uncertainties and increases in radiocarbon age scatter. For portions of the chronology older than similar to 35 cal kyr, additional considerations, such as the use of a low-blank graphitization system and more rigorous sample pretreatment were necessary to generate a reliable age depth model because of the incorporation of small amounts of younger carbon. A comparison of radiocarbon age model results and lamination counts over the time interval similar to 15-30 cal kyr agree with an overall discrepancy of similar to 10% and display similar changes in sedimentation rate, supporting the annual nature of sediment laminations in the early part of the record. Changes in sedimentation rates reconstructed from the age-depth model indicate that intervals of enhanced sediment delivery occurred at 16-19,24 and 29-31 cal kyr, broadly synchronous with reconstructed drought episodes elsewhere in northern West Africa and potentially, with changes in Atlantic meridional heat transport during North Atlantic Heinrich events. These data suggest that millennial-scale drought events in the West African monsoon region were latitudinally extensive, reaching within several hundred kilometers of the Guinea coast. This is inconsistent with a simple southward shift in the mean position of the monsoon rainbelt, and requires changes in moisture convergence as a result of either a reduction in the moisture content of the tropical rainbelt, decreased convection, or both. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Shanahan, Timothy M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Shanahan, Timothy M.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Mckay, Nicholas P.; Pigati, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beck, J. Warren] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Peck, John A.] Univ Akron, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Scholz, Christopher A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Heil, Clifford W., Jr.; King, John] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Shanahan, TM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM tshanahan@jsg.utexas.edu RI Shanahan, Timothy/B-1298-2012 FU National Science Foundation [EAR0601998, ATM0401908, ATM0214525, ATM0096232] FX We thank the people of Abono, Ghana and the other towns surrounding Lake Bosumtwi for their assistance during fieldwork as well as the researchers in the Arizona AMS Facility for their help in preparing and analyzing radiocarbon samples. The research was funded in part by National Science Foundation grants EAR0601998, ATM0401908, ATM0214525, and ATM0096232. NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 361 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.001 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 033TU UT WOS:000310824800005 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Coseismic and postseismic stress rotations due to great subduction zone earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; 26 DECEMBER 2004; M-W 9.0; PACIFIC COAST; CHILE EARTHQUAKE; UPPER PLATE; SLIP; GPS; DEFORMATION AB The three largest recent great subduction zone earthquakes (2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan; 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile; and 2004 M9.2 Sumatra-Andaman) exhibit similar coseismic rotations of the principal stress axes. Prior to each mainshock, the maximum compressive stress axis was shallowly plunging, while immediately after the mainshock, both the maximum and minimum compressive stress axes plunge at similar to 45 degrees. Dipping faults can be oriented for either reverse or normal faulting in this post-mainshock stress field, depending on their dip, explaining the observed normal-faulting aftershocks without requiring a complete reversal of the stress field. The significant stress rotations imply near-complete stress drop in the mainshocks, with >80% of the pre-mainshock stress relieved in the Tohoku and Maule earthquakes and in the northern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture. The southern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture relieved similar to 60% of the pre-mainshock stress. The stress axes rotated back rapidly in the months following the Tohoku and Maule mainshocks, and similarly in the southern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture. A rapid postseismic rotation is possible because the near-complete stress drop leaves very little "background" stress at the beginning of the postseismic reloading. In contrast, there has been little or no postseismic rotation in the northern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture over the 7 years since the mainshock. All M >= 8.0 subduction earthquakes since 1990 with an adequate number of pre- and post-mainshock events were evaluated, and not all show similar coseismic stress rotations. Deeper earthquakes exhibit smaller coseismic stress rotations, likely due to increasing deviatoric stress with depth. Citation: Hardebeck, J. L. (2012), Coseismic and postseismic stress rotations due to great subduction zone earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L21313, doi:10.1029/2012GL053438. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L21313 DI 10.1029/2012GL053438 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 038ZU UT WOS:000311213400002 ER PT J AU Striegl, RG Dornblaser, MM McDonald, CP Rover, JR Stets, EG AF Striegl, Robert G. Dornblaser, M. M. McDonald, C. P. Rover, J. R. Stets, E. G. TI Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from the Yukon River system SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID AMAZONIAN RIVERS; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE; LAKES; CO2; FLUXES; WATER; LAND; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions are important, but poorly quantified, components of riverine carbon (C) budgets. This is largely because the data needed for gas flux calculations are sparse and are spatially and temporally variable. Additionally, the importance of C gas emissions relative to lateral C exports is not well known because gaseous and aqueous fluxes are not commonly measured on the same rivers. We couple measurements of aqueous CO2 and CH4 partial pressures (pCO(2), pCH(4)) and flux across the water-air interface with gas transfer models to calculate subbasin distributions of gas flux density. We then combine those flux densities with remote and direct observations of stream and river water surface area and ice duration, to calculate C gas emissions from flowing waters throughout the Yukon River basin. CO2 emissions were 7.68 Tg C yr(-1) (95% CI: 5.84 - 10.46), averaging 750 g C m(-2) yr(-1) normalized to water surface area, and 9.0 g C m(-2) yr(-1) normalized to river basin area. River CH4 emissions totaled 55 Gg C yr(-1) or 0.7% of the total mass of C emitted as CO2 plus CH4 and similar to 6.4% of their combined radiative forcing. When combined with lateral inorganic plus organic C exports to below head of tide, C gas emissions comprised 50% of total C exported by the Yukon River and its tributaries. River CO2 and CH4 derive from multiple sources, including groundwater, surface water runoff, carbonate equilibrium reactions, and benthic and water column microbial processing of organic C. The exact role of each of these processes is not yet quantified in the overall river C budget. C1 [Striegl, Robert G.; Dornblaser, M. M.; McDonald, C. P.; Stets, E. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Rover, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Striegl, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rstriegl@usgs.gov OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196; McDonald, Cory/0000-0002-1208-8471; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU National Research Program; Earth Resources Observation and Science Center of the Water; Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas of USGS FX The National Research Program and the Earth Resources Observation and Science Center of the Water and the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas of USGS supported this research. Native Alaskan community volunteers and the Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council assisted with sample collection throughout the Yukon basin. D. Halm and J. Crawford conducted many of the flux measurements, N. Bliss generated the DEM, and B. Granneman provided water-mapping support. NSF AON, Arctic Great Rivers Observatory Project (OPP-1107774), contributed to collection of samples at Yukon River at Pilot Station during spring in 2009-2011. We thank David Butman, the associate editor, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the final manuscript. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 98 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB0E05 DI 10.1029/2012GB004306 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039LF UT WOS:000311246600001 ER PT J AU Dai, S Santamarina, JC Waite, WF Kneafsey, TJ AF Dai, S. Santamarina, J. C. Waite, W. F. Kneafsey, T. J. TI Hydrate morphology: Physical properties of sands with patchy hydrate saturation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHIC TEST WELL; ALASKA NORTH SLOPE; DRILLING-PROJECT LEG-96; HEAT-FLOW CALORIMETER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GAS-HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; METHANE HYDRATE; POROUS-MEDIA; WAVE VELOCITIES AB The physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments depend on the volume fraction and spatial distribution of the hydrate phase. The host sediment grain size and the state of effective stress determine the hydrate morphology in sediments; this information can be used to significantly constrain estimates of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments, including the coarse-grained sands subjected to high effective stress that are of interest as potential energy resources. Reported data and physical analyses suggest hydrate-bearing sands contain a heterogeneous, patchy hydrate distribution, whereby zones with 100% pore-space hydrate saturation are embedded in hydrate-free sand. Accounting for patchy rather than homogeneous hydrate distribution yields more tightly constrained estimates of physical properties in hydrate-bearing sands and captures observed physical-property dependencies on hydrate saturation. For example, numerical modeling results of sands with patchy saturation agree with experimental observation, showing a transition in stiffness starting near the series bound at low hydrate saturations but moving toward the parallel bound at high hydrate saturations. The hydrate-patch size itself impacts the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments; for example, at constant hydrate saturation, we find that conductivity (electrical, hydraulic and thermal) increases as the number of hydrate-saturated patches increases. This increase reflects the larger number of conductive flow paths that exist in specimens with many small hydrate-saturated patches in comparison to specimens in which a few large hydrate saturated patches can block flow over a significant cross-section of the specimen. C1 [Dai, S.; Santamarina, J. C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Waite, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kneafsey, T. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sheng.dai@gatech.edu RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; Dai, Sheng/A-1691-2015; OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109; Dai, Sheng/0000-0003-0221-3993 FU Georgia Tech by the Department of Energy/JIP project for methane hydrate; Goiuzeta Foundation; Gas Hydrate Project of the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Oil and Natural Gas, Gas Hydrate Program through the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Research support provided to Georgia Tech by the Department of Energy/JIP project for methane hydrate, administered by Chevron. Additional funding provided by the Goiuzeta Foundation, the Gas Hydrate Project of the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Oil and Natural Gas, Gas Hydrate Program through the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 108 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 67 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B11205 DI 10.1029/2012JB009667 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039OQ UT WOS:000311256700002 ER PT J AU De Angelis, S Fee, D Haney, M Schneider, D AF De Angelis, Silvio Fee, David Haney, Matthew Schneider, David TI Detecting hidden volcanic explosions from Mt. Cleveland Volcano, Alaska with infrasound and ground-coupled airwaves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In Alaska, where many active volcanoes exist without ground-based instrumentation, the use of techniques suitable for distant monitoring is pivotal. In this study we report regional-scale seismic and infrasound observations of volcanic activity at Mt. Cleveland between December 2011 and August 2012. During this period, twenty explosions were detected by infrasound sensors as far away as 1827 km from the active vent, and ground-coupled acoustic waves were recorded at seismic stations across the Aleutian Arc. Several events resulting from the explosive disruption of small lava domes within the summit crater were confirmed by analysis of satellite remote sensing data. However, many explosions eluded initial, automated, analyses of satellite data due to poor weather conditions. Infrasound and seismic monitoring provided effective means for detecting these hidden events. We present results from the implementation of automatic infrasound and seismo-acoustic eruption detection algorithms, and review the challenges of real-time volcano monitoring operations in remote regions. We also model acoustic propagation in the Northern Pacific, showing how tropospheric ducting effects allow infrasound to travel long distances across the Aleutian Arc. The successful results of our investigation provide motivation for expanded efforts in infrasound monitoring across the Aleutians and contributes to our knowledge of the number and style of vulcanian eruptions at Mt. Cleveland. Citation: De Angelis, S., D. Fee, M. Haney, and D. Schneider (2012), Detecting hidden volcanic explosions from Mt. Cleveland Volcano, Alaska with infrasound and ground-coupled airwaves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L21312, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053635. C1 [De Angelis, Silvio] Univ Liverpool, Jane Herdman Labs, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haney, Matthew; Schneider, David] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP De Angelis, S (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Jane Herdman Labs, Sch Environm Sci, 4 Brownlow St, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. EM silvio.deange@gmail.com OI De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 FU Geophysical Institute; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08NWS4680044] FX The authors wish to thank Rob Drob for the G2S models and ray tracing code. The authors wish to thank J.B. Johnson and an anonymous reviewer for their comments, which improved the paper. Funding for David Fee was provided by the Geophysical Institute and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Specific Cooperative Agreement NA08NWS4680044. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L21312 DI 10.1029/2012GL053635 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 038ZR UT WOS:000311213100001 ER PT J AU Bergfeld, D Evans, WC Lowenstern, JB Hurwitz, S AF Bergfeld, D. Evans, W. C. Lowenstern, J. B. Hurwitz, S. TI Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux; Acid-sulfate; delta O-18-shift; Cold-degassing ID CO2 FLUX MEASUREMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; VOLCANIC SYSTEM; WATERS; EMISSIONS; GAS; SULFATE; SULFUR; SOIL AB Brimstone Basin, a remote area of intense hydrothermal alteration a few km east of the Yellowstone Caldera, is rarely studied and has long been considered to be a cold remnant of an ancient hydrothermal system. A field campaign in 2008 confirmed that gas emissions from the few small vents were cold and that soil temperatures in the altered area were at background levels. Geochemical and isotopic evidence from gas samples (He-3/He-4 similar to 3R(A), delta C-13-CO2 similar to-3 parts per thousand) however, indicate continuing magmatic gas input to the system. Accumulation chamber measurements revealed a surprisingly large diffuse flux of CO2 (similar to 277 t d(-1)) and H2S (0.6 t d(-1)). The flux of CO2 reduces the O-18 content of the overlying cold groundwater and related stream waters relative to normal meteoric waters. Simple isotopic modeling reveals that the CO2 likely originates from geothermal water at a temperature of 93 +/- 19 degrees C. These results and the presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons (C1:C2 similar to 100 and delta C-13-CH4=-46.4 to -42.8 parts per thousand) in gases require some heat source at depth and refute the assumption that this is a "fossil" hydrothermal system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bergfeld, D.; Lowenstern, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Evans, W. C.; Hurwitz, S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bergfeld, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbergfel@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program FX Cynthia Werner suggested we visit Brimstone Basin after finding significant CO2 efflux during a reconnaissance gas emission flight. Our work is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. We thank Dan Mahony and Christie Hendrix (U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park) for field support and other logistical help. Isotopic and chemical analyses were provided by several USGS laboratories, Andy Hunt (3He/4He) and Pat Shanks (delta D and delta18O), (Denver, CO) and Kinga Revesz (delta13C), Reston VA; Mark Hubner (anion chemistry, Menlo Park, CA). Our field party also included Allison Phillips, (Washington State University). NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 330 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039JH UT WOS:000311241000020 ER PT J AU Watling, JI Romanach, SS Bucklin, DN Speroterra, C Brandt, LA Pearlstine, LG Mazzotti, FJ AF Watling, James I. Romanach, Stephanie S. Bucklin, David N. Speroterra, Carolina Brandt, Laura A. Pearlstine, Leonard G. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Do bioclimate variables improve performance of climate envelope models? SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate envelope model; Endangered species; Species distribution model ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; PHYLOGENY; CLASSIFICATION; COLUBROIDEA; PREDICTION; SEQUENCES; SELECTION; ECOLOGY AB Climate envelope models are widely used to forecast potential effects of climate change on species distributions. A key issue in climate envelope modeling is the selection of predictor variables that most directly influence species. To determine whether model performance and spatial predictions were related to the selection of predictor variables, we compared models using bioclimate variables with models constructed from monthly climate data for twelve terrestrial vertebrate species in the southeastern USA using two different algorithms (random forests or generalized linear models), and two model selection techniques (using uncorrelated predictors or a subset of user-defined biologically relevant predictor variables). There were no differences in performance between models created with bioclimate or monthly variables, but one metric of model performance was significantly greater using the random forest algorithm compared with generalized linear models. Spatial predictions between maps using bioclimate and monthly variables were very consistent using the random forest algorithm with uncorrelated predictors, whereas we observed greater variability in predictions using generalized linear models. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Watling, James I.; Bucklin, David N.; Speroterra, Carolina; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Pearlstine, Leonard G.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. RP Watling, JI (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM watlingj@ufl.edu OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit); U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science) FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit) and U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, nor the U.S. Department of the Interior. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2012 VL 246 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.07.018 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026DT UT WOS:000310255100008 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JL Welsh, SA AF Zimmerman, Jennifer L. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Prevalence of Anguillicoloides crassus and growth variation in migrant yellow-phase American eels of the upper Potomac River drainage SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Anguilla rostrata; Growth; Swim bladder degenerative index; Shenandoah River ID ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA L.; EUROPEAN EELS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NEMATODE PARASITE; SWIMBLADDER; INFECTION; ROSTRATA; DRACUNCULOIDEA; HYPOXIA; INTENSITY AB Prevalence of the non-native swim bladder nematode Anguillicoloides crassus has recently increased in American eels from estuaries of the North American Atlantic coast, but little is known about parasite prevalence or conditions of previous infection in upstream migrant eels within upper watersheds. This study is the first to confirm presence of A. crassus in the upper Potomac River watershed. We estimated A. crassus prevalence during 3 time periods: September to October 2006 (5/143 eels, 3.5%), August to October 2007 (0/49 eels), and June 2008 (0/50 eels). All eels were sampled from the Millville Dam eel ladder on the lower Shenandoah River, a Potomac River tributary located approximately 285 km upstream of Chesapeake Bay, USA. Of the 5 infected eels, parasite intensity was 1 for each eel, and mean intensity was also 1.0. A swim bladder degenerative index (SDI) was calculated for the 50 eels from the final sampling period, and 38% of those eels (19 of 50) showed signs of previous infection by A. crassus. We also aged 42 of the 50 eels (mean +/- SE = 6.7 +/- 0.29 yr, range 4 to 11 yr) from the final sampling period. Based on the range of possible SDI scores (0 to 6), severity of previously infected swim bladders was moderate (SDI = 1 or 2). Previously infected eels, however, had a lower length-at-age than that of uninfected eels. Female yellow-phase eels in upper watersheds develop into large highly fecund silver-phase adults; hence, a parasite-induced effect on growth of yellow-phase eels could ultimately reduce reproductive potential. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Zimmerman, Jennifer L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU Allegheny Energy Supply; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by Allegheny Energy Supply and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. We thank K. Oliveira for instructional guidance on otolith ageing techniques. Further, we thank E. Michael, K. Sheehan, and D. Smith for field assistance. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.3354/dao02524 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034AS UT WOS:000310843100006 PM 23135140 ER PT J AU Bossart, GD Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Rivera-Guzman, AL Jimenez-Marrero, NM Camus, AC Bonde, RK Dubey, JP Reif, JS AF Bossart, Gregory D. Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. Rivera-Guzman, Antonio L. Jimenez-Marrero, Nilda M. Camus, Alvin C. Bonde, Robert K. Dubey, Jitender P. Reif, John S. TI Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Sirenian; Gastroenteritis; Enterocolitis; Myocarditis; Emerging disease ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; GONDII INFECTION; MARINE MAMMALS; SEA OTTERS; FLORIDA; RUNOFF; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; SEROPREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Necropsies were conducted on 4 Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus that were stranded in single events on the coastal beaches of Puerto Rico from August 2010 to August 2011. Three manatees were emaciated and the gastrointestinal tracts were devoid of digesta. Microscopically, all manatees had severe widespread inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and heart with intralesional tachyzoites consistent with Toxoplasma gondii identified by histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. The gastrointestinal lesions included severe, multifocal to diffuse, chronic-active enteritis, colitis and/or gastritis often with associated ulceration, necrosis and hemorrhage. Enteric leiomyositis was severe and locally extensive in all cases and associated with the most frequently observed intralesional protozoans. Moderate to severe, multifocal, chronic to chronic-active, necrotizing myocarditis was also present in all cases. Additionally, less consistent inflammatory lesions occurred in the liver, lung and a mesenteric lymph node and were associated with fewer tachyzoites. Sera (n = 30) collected from free-ranging and captive Puerto Rican manatees and a rehabilitated/released Puerto Rican manatee from 2003 to 2012 were tested for antibodies for T. gondii. A positive T. gondii antibody titer was found in 2004 in 1 (3%) of the free-ranging cases tested. Disease caused by T. gondii is rare in manatees. This is the first report of toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. Additionally, these are the first reported cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in any sirenian. The documentation of 4 cases of toxoplasmosis within one year and the extremely low seroprevalence to T. gondii suggest that toxoplasmosis may be an emerging disease in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. C1 [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Rivera-Guzman, Antonio L.] Inter Amer Univ Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Manatee Conservat Ctr, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Jimenez-Marrero, Nilda M.] Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Bur Fish & Wildlife, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Camus, Alvin C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org OI Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature; Georgia Aquarium FX Carcass salvage was conducted under the authority of Puerto Rico's Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and the US Fish and Wildlife Service permit number M791721-4, issued to the US Geological Survey, Sirenia Project. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Puerto Rico Manatee Conservation Center technicians, students and volunteers in tending to the stranding events and collecting samples, particularly C. Rivera and L. Falcon. This research was funded in part by a grant from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature and the Georgia Aquarium. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.3354/dao02526 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034AS UT WOS:000310843100007 PM 23135141 ER PT J AU Work, TM Russell, R Aeby, GS AF Work, Thierry M. Russell, Robin Aeby, Greta S. TI Tissue loss (white syndrome) in the coral Montipora capitata is a dynamic disease with multiple host responses and potential causes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Montipora; white syndrome; tissue loss; pathology; disease; pathogenesis ID TURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BAND DISEASE; GREEN TURTLES; ACROPORID CORALS; INDO-PACIFIC; LESIONS; IMMUNITY; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; COMMUNITIES AB Tissue loss diseases or white syndromes (WS) are some of the most important coral diseases because they result in significant colony mortality and morbidity, threatening dominant Acroporidae in the Caribbean and Pacific. The causes of WS remain elusive in part because few have examined affected corals at the cellular level. We studied the cellular changes associated with WS over time in a dominant Hawaiian coral, Montipora capitata, and showed that: (i) WS has rapidly progressing (acute) phases mainly associated with ciliates or slowly progressing (chronic) phases mainly associated with helminths or chimeric parasites; (ii) these phases interchanged and waxed and waned; (iii) WS could be a systemic disease associated with chimeric parasitism or a localized disease associated with helminths or ciliates; (iv) corals responded to ciliates mainly with necrosis and to helminths or chimeric parasites with wound repair; (v) mixed infections were uncommon; and (vi) other than cyanobacteria, prokaryotes associated with cell death were not seen. Recognizing potential agents associated with disease at the cellular level and the host response to those agents offers a logical deductive rationale to further explore the role of such agents in the pathogenesis of WS in M. capitata and helps explain manifestation of gross lesions. This approach has broad applicability to the study of the pathogenesis of coral diseases in the field and under experimental settings. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Russell, Robin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU US Geological Survey; Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative FX The authors thank Renee Breeden and Bob Rameyer for technical assistance. This study was funded in part by the US Geological Survey and the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. All collections were done under a State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources collecting permit issued to the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1746 BP 4334 EP 4341 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.1827 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 016TA UT WOS:000309541200003 PM 22951746 ER PT J AU Jacobson, GL Norton, SA Grimm, EC Edgar, T AF Jacobson, G. L. Norton, S. A. Grimm, E. C. Edgar, T. TI Changing Climate and Sea Level Alter Hg Mobility at Lake Tulane, Florida, US SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY DEPOSITION; RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; HOLOCENE RECORD; UNITED-STATES; MAINE; SOILS; BP; PRECIPITATION AB Between 45 000 cal years BP and the beginning of the Holocene, the accumulation rate for Hg in sediments of Lake Tulane, Florida ranged from approximate to 2 to 10 mu g m(-2) yr(-1), compared with 53 mu g Hg m(-2) yr(-1) in the 1985-1990 period of anthropogenic input. The locality experienced regional draw-down of the water table during the Wisconsinan glaciation, which lowered global sea level by nearly 130 m. Natural atmospheric deposition of Hg to the surrounding area resulted in long-term (ca. 100 000 years) sequestration of this atmospheric flux of Hg, primarily by adsorption in the oxic Al- and Fe-hydroxide-rich sandy subsoil. Global sea level rise during deglaciation led to a rising regional water table, flooding the oxidized soils surrounding Tulane. Iron and adsorbed Hg were mobilized by reductive dissolution and transported by groundwater flow to Lake Tulane and ultimately to the accumulating sediment. The accumulation rate of Hg (and Fe) increased rapidly about 16 000 cal years BP, peaked at nearly 60 mu g Hg m(-2) yr(-1) ca. 13 000-14 000 cal years BP, declined sharply during the Younger Dryas, and then increased sharply to a second 60 mu g Hg m(-2) yr(-1) peak about 5000 cal years BP. Thereafter, it declined nearly to background by 900 cal years BP. In similar geologic situations, rapid modern sea level rise will initiate this process globally, and may mobilize large accumulations of Hg and lesser amounts of As, and other redox sensitive metals to groundwater and surface water. C1 [Jacobson, G. L.; Norton, S. A.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Jacobson, G. L.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Norton, S. A.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Grimm, E. C.] Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Edgar, T.] US Geol Survey, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Jacobson, GL (reprint author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jacobson@maine.edu RI Grimm, Eric/G-3011-2013 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [EPS-0904155]; NSF [ATM-9405145, ATM-9321265] FX Three thoughtful reviews led to changes that improved the science and presentation of this paper. We appreciate the high quality of the Hg analyses in the University of Maine's Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Amy Winkle, analyst. Clive Devoy retrieved the data and methods, generated in 2001. Aria Amirbahman provided a very valuable review of the manuscript. S. A. Norton was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) award EPS-0904155 to the University of Maine. The primary research on Lake Tulane was supported by NSF grants ATM-9405145 to E. C. Grimm and ATM-9321265 to G. L. Jacobson. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 21 BP 11710 EP 11717 DI 10.1021/es302138n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031TK UT WOS:000310665000028 PM 23043314 ER PT J AU Wanless, VD Perfit, MR Klein, EM White, S Ridley, WI AF Wanless, V. D. Perfit, M. R. Klein, E. M. White, S. Ridley, W. I. TI Reconciling geochemical and geophysical observations of magma supply and melt distribution at the 9 degrees N overlapping spreading center, East Pacific Rise SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE East Pacific Rise; dacite; magma supply; melt lens; mid-ocean ridge; overlapping spreading center ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-OCEAN-RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; ABYSSAL LAVAS; TECTONIC SEGMENTATION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; INCA TRANSFORM; GALAPAGOS RIFT; ECUADOR RIFT; DSRV ALVIN AB Early studies of mid-ocean ridge discontinuities, such as transform faults and overlapping spreading centers, suggested a lower magma supply compared to ridge segment centers. This is reflected in bathymetrically deeper ridge axes, decreased hydrothermal activity, and the eruption of more evolved lava compositions. While many signatures of lower magma supply are observed at the 9 degrees N overlapping spreading center on the East Pacific Rise, geophysical studies indicate extensive sub-surface melt in the region, suggesting that the present magmatic system is not diminished. Here major and trace element concentrations of erupted lavas are used to better understand magma supply at a large second-order ridge discontinuity. We show that the wide range of lava compositions erupted at the 9 degrees N overlapping spreading center is generally consistent with early petrologic models of ridge propagation and require variable degrees of fractional crystallization, extensive magma mixing, and in some instances crustal assimilation. Moderately evolved ferrobasalts and FeTi basalts erupted at the OSC indicate that crustal residence times are long enough for significant crystallization of all magmas within the region, but the presence of dacitic lavas reflects periods of even lower magma supply, where melt replenishment is subordinate to cooling and crystallization. The geophysical observations of extensive melt within the shallow crust are reconciled with the geochemistry of the lavas, if melts are supplied intermittently to the propagating ridge over relatively short timescales. C1 [Wanless, V. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. [Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Klein, E. M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [White, S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wanless, VD (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. EM dwanless@whoi.edu RI White, Scott/C-5339-2009 OI White, Scott/0000-0002-5123-5307 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0527075, OCE-0525872, OCE-0526120] FX We thank the Captain, officers and crew of the R/V Atlantis for all their help during cruise AT15-17 and the MEDUSA2007 Science party for their assistance in collecting data and samples for this study. We thank the Jason II shipboard and shore-based operations group for their help in collecting these data and HMR for processing all DSL-120 side scan and bathymetry collected during this cruise. Thanks to G. Kamenov and the UF Center for Isotope Geoscience for laboratory assistance. Thanks to J. Sinton and D. Toomey for the detailed reviews. R. Walters, M. Behn, A. Soule, and P. Canales provided insightful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants OCE-0527075 to MRP, OCE-0525872 to SMW, and OCE-0526120 to EMK). NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q11005 DI 10.1029/2012GC004168 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035QH UT WOS:000310962100001 ER PT J AU Pratt, TL AF Pratt, Thomas L. TI Large-scale splay faults on a strike-slip fault system: The Yakima Folds, Washington State SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Yakima Folds; strike-slip faults ID OLYMPIC-WALLOWA LINEAMENT; LATE CENOZOIC STRUCTURE; LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; EASTERN WASHINGTON; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOLUTION SURFACES; SADDLE MOUNTAINS AB The Yakima Folds (YF) comprise anticlines above reverse faults cutting flows of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group of central Washington State. The YF are bisected by the similar to 1100-km-long Olympic-Wallowa Lineament (OWL), which is an alignment of topographic features including known faults. There is considerable debate about the origin and earthquake potential of both the YF and OWL, which lie near six major dams and a large nuclear waste storage site. Here I show that the trends of the faults forming the YF relative to the OWL match remarkably well the trends of the principal stress directions at the end of a vertical strike-slip fault. This comparison and the termination of some YF against the OWL are consistent with the YF initially forming as splay faults caused by an along-strike decrease in the amount of strike-slip on the OWL. The hypothesis is that the YF faults initially developed as splay faults in the early to midMiocene under NNW-oriented principal compressive stress, but the anticlines subsequently grew with thrust motion after the principal compressive stress direction rotated to N-S or NNE after the mid-Miocene. A seismic profile across one of the YF anticlines shows folding at about 7 km depth, indicating deformation of sub-basalt strata. The seismic profile and the hypothesized relationship between the YF and the OWL suggest that the structures are connected in the middle or lower crust, and that the faults forming the YF are large-scale splay faults associated with a major strike-slip fault system. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tpratt@ocean.washington.edu NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 3 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q11004 DI 10.1029/2012GC004405 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032DD UT WOS:000310691300003 ER PT J AU Solomon, D Lehmann, J Harden, J Wang, J Kinyangi, J Heymann, K Karunakaran, C Lu, YS Wirick, S Jacobsen, C AF Solomon, Dawit Lehmann, Johannes Harden, Jennifer Wang, Jian Kinyangi, James Heymann, Karen Karunakaran, Chithra Lu, Yingshen Wirick, Sue Jacobsen, Chris TI Micro- and nano-environments of carbon sequestration: Multi-element STXM-NEXAFS spectromicroscopy assessment of microbial carbon and mineral associations SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biotic exclusion zone; Long-term C sequestration; Global C cycling; Organomineral interactions; X-ray spectromicroscopy ID TRANSMISSION X-RAY; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; K-EDGE XANES; INNERSHELL ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; AMINO-ACIDS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; IRON-OXIDES; IN-SITU; SPECIATION AB Soil represents the largest reservoir of terrestrial organic C, and plays a critical role in global C cycling. In light of predicted climate change and a more unified approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, the soil's ability to sequester C, and thus to act as a sink or a source for atmospheric CO2 has received growing interest. Organomineral assemblages are a unique niche in C cycling, with large capacity for storing anthropogenic C. However, the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms for C sequestration through organomineral associations are not yet well understood. One of the major challenges to study C sequestration in organomineral assemblages is lack of non-invasive analytical tools with a potential to obtain molecular-level information about the interactions between C and mineral components in submicron geochemical environments. In the present study, we have effectively employed synchrotron-based STXM-NEXAFS spectroscopy to access the K- and L-edges of biogeochemically relevant elements (C, N, Ca, Fe, Al, Si) to identify and image micro- and nano-C sequestration environments, and conduct submicron-level investigation of the compositional chemistry and other interactive features of C and minerals present in these hotspots using ultrathin section of intact organomineral assemblage. The C K-edge NEXAFS spectromicroscopy micrographs clearly demonstrated the existence of spatially distinct seemingly terminal micro- and nano-C repository zones, where organic C was sequestered in apparent agglomeration in the investigated organomineral assemblage. These submicron-C repository environments were only a few micrometers apart from each other; yet they were considerably different compositionally from each other. The organic C in the first repository environment was pyrogenic in origin, largely composed of quinone, phenols, ketones and aromatic ring structures. However, the second hotspot was dominated by filament-like structure, with striking similarity to the C is NEXAFS spectral signatures of organic C isolated from soil fungal and bacteria, and dominated by resonances from aliphatic-C and C=N bonds of imidazol structures, carboxyl/carbonyl-C, amide- and O-alkyl-C functionalities. The composition of organic C in the organomineral interface around the strand-like structure was highly complex and composed of polysaccharides, amino sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, and phospholipid fatty acid structures with polar and non-polar termini. The chemistry of mineral matter in the organomineral interface was also equally complex, ranging from Ca, Fe and Al ions, Fe and Al oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides to phyllosilicates, which could provide a variety of polyvalent cations, hydroxyl surface functional groups and edge sites that can attract and bind microbial biomolecules. Based on the enormous complexity of the organic C functionalities and the coexistence of various inorganic components in the organomineral interface, it is possible to suggest that no single binding mechanism could be accountable for the organic C stored in the investigated submicron-C repository environment. Our results seem to suggest that the apparent C sequestration in the micro- and nano-C repository environment appear to be the cumulative result of physical protection and heterogeneous binding mechanisms ranging from ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic bonding on silicate clay organic complexes to adsorption on external and internal surfaces of clay minerals. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Solomon, Dawit; Lehmann, Johannes; Kinyangi, James; Heymann, Karen] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harden, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Jian; Karunakaran, Chithra; Lu, Yingshen] Canadian Light Source Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Wirick, Sue] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jacobsen, Chris] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Solomon, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ds278@cornell.edu RI Wang, Jian/M-1805-2013; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35107-04511]; Geobiology and Low-Temperature Geochemistry Program of the National Science Foundation [EAR-0819689] FX This study was financially supported in part by grants from Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2008-35107-04511) and from the Geobiology and Low-Temperature Geochemistry Program of the National Science Foundation (EAR-0819689). The C K-edge NEXAFS spectromicroscopy measurements were recorded at X1A1 beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), using the STXM end station. The N, Al, Si K-edge, and Ca and Fe L-edge NEXAFS spectromicroscopy measurements were performed using STXM end station at the soft X-ray spectromicroscopy (SM) 10ID-1 beamline of the Canadian Light Source (CLS). NR 116 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 10 U2 261 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 3 PY 2012 VL 329 SI SI BP 53 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.002 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 024QZ UT WOS:000310125000008 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Meirinho, A Ramirez, I Gardner, B O'Connell, AF Miller, PI Louzao, M AF Oppel, Steffen Meirinho, Ana Ramirez, Ivan Gardner, Beth O'Connell, Allan F. Miller, Peter I. Louzao, Maite TI Comparison of five modelling techniques to predict the spatial distribution and abundance of seabirds SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Species distribution model; Machine learning; Marine protected area; Important bird area (IBA); Shearwater; Portugal ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ENDANGERED BALEARIC SHEARWATER; HABITAT MODELS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; RANDOM FORESTS; COUNT DATA; CONSERVATION; SCALE; SEA AB Knowledge about the spatial distribution of seabirds at sea is important for conservation. During marine conservation planning, logistical constraints preclude seabird surveys covering the complete area of interest and spatial distribution of seabirds is frequently inferred from predictive statistical models. Increasingly complex models are available to relate the distribution and abundance of pelagic seabirds to environmental variables, but a comparison of their usefulness for delineating protected areas for seabirds is lacking. Here we compare the performance of five modelling techniques (generalised linear models, generalised additive models, Random Forest, boosted regression trees, and maximum entropy) to predict the distribution of Balearic Shearwaters (Puffinus mauretanicus) along the coast of the western Iberian Peninsula. We used ship transect data from 2004 to 2009 and 13 environmental variables to predict occurrence and density, and evaluated predictive performance of all models using spatially segregated test data. Predicted distribution varied among the different models, although predictive performance varied little. An ensemble prediction that combined results from all five techniques was robust and confirmed the existence of marine important bird areas for Balearic Shearwaters in Portugal and Spain. Our predictions suggested additional areas that would be of high priority for conservation and could be proposed as protected areas. Abundance data were extremely difficult to predict, and none of five modelling techniques provided a reliable prediction of spatial patterns. We advocate the use of ensemble modelling that combines the output of several methods to predict the spatial distribution of seabirds, and use these predictions to target separate surveys assessing the abundance of seabirds in areas of regular use. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Meirinho, Ana; Ramirez, Ivan] Soc Portuguesa Estudo Aves, P-1000179 Lisbon, Portugal. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Miller, Peter I.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Louzao, Maite] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Louzao, Maite] Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, CNRS UPR 1934, F-79369 Villiers En Bois, France. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. EM steffen.oppel@rspb.org.uk RI Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; Louzao, Maite/N-5379-2014; OI Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU European Union [04NAT/PT/000213]; Marie Curie Individual Fellowship [PIEF-GA-2008-220063] FX Data collection for this project started with LIFE 04NAT/PT/000213 funding by the European Union, and we thank IPIMAR (Instituto de Investigacao das Pescas e do Mar) and the Instituto Hidrografico Portugues for subsequent support in data collection. We thank all research institutions that allowed observers onboard the survey vessels, and all observers and volunteers of the LIFE project. M.L. was funded by a Marie Curie Individual Fellowship (PIEF-GA-2008-220063). G. Buchanan, A. Marcer and R. Hijmans assisted with maximum entropy modelling. The manuscript benefited from thoughtful comments by B. Best, G. Humphries, J. M. Arcos, R. A. Ronconi, E. Owen, N. Nur, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 94 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 137 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 156 SI SI BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.013 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071MZ UT WOS:000313599000011 ER PT J AU Adams, J MacLeod, C Suryan, RM Hyrenbach, KD Harvey, JT AF Adams, Josh MacLeod, Catriona Suryan, Robert M. Hyrenbach, K. David Harvey, James T. TI Summer-time use of west coast US National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Marine spatial planning; Protected areas; Ecosystem management; Habitat hotspots; Seabirds; Indicator species; Space-use; Satellite telemetry; California Current ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; AT-SEA DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; ANIMAL TRACKING DATA; PROTECTED AREAS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NEW-ZEALAND; HABITAT USE; UPWELLING SYSTEM AB Non-breeding sooty shearwaters are the most abundant seabird in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) during boreal spring and summer months. This, combined with relatively great energy demands, reliance on patchy, shoaling prey (krill, squid, and forage fishes), and unconstrained mobility free from central-place-foraging demands-make shearwaters useful indicators of ecosystem variability. During 2008 and 2009, we used satellite telemetry to evaluate shearwater ranging patterns throughout the CCLME and specifically within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) among birds captured at three locations: Columbia River Plume, WA; Monterey Bay, CA; and Santa Barbara Channel, CA. Shearwaters ranged throughout the entire CCLME from southeast Alaska to southern Baja California, Mexico. Within the EEZ during 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 68% and 46% of time over the shelf (< 200 m), 27% and 43% of time over the slope (200-1000 m), and 5% and 11% of time over the continental rise and abyssal regions (> 1000 m), respectively. In 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 22% and 25% of their time in the EEZ within the five west coast National Marine Sanctuaries, respectively; high utilization occurred in non-sanctuary waters of the EEZ. Shearwater utilization distribution (based on the Brownian-bridge movement model) among sanctuaries was disproportionate according to sanctuary availability (based on area) within the EEZ. Shearwaters utilized the Monterey Bay sanctuary (2008, 2009) and the Channel Islands sanctuary (2009) disproportionately more than other sanctuaries. Although all five sanctuaries were used by shearwaters, waters outside sanctuary zones appeared significantly more important and likely supported large aggregations of shearwaters. Utilization distributions among individual birds from three discrete capture locations were variable and revealed greater similarity in space-use sharing within capture-location groupings and during 2008 when shearwaters were more aggregated than in 2009. We identified several regional "habitat hotspot" areas, including the Columbia River Plume, Cape Blanco, Monterey Bay, Estero/San Luis Obispo Bays, and the eastern Santa Barbara Channel through the inner Southern California Bight. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adams, Josh] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [MacLeod, Catriona] Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Res, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hyrenbach, K. David] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Ocean Inst, Marine Sci Programs, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, Moss Landing, CA 94039 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM josh_adams@usgs.gov FU NOAA Grant [NA08OAR4170669]; California Sea Grant Project through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, US Dept. of Commerce [R/ENV-204]; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; US Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research Center; Oiled Wildlife Care Network; Wildlife Health Center; School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California at Davis; NOAA Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary; UC Santa Cruz, Tagging of Pacific Pelagics; USGS-WERC Study Plan [9370BQ9TSK1102] FX This publication was prepared by Adams et al. under NOAA Grant #NA08OAR4170669, California Sea Grant Project # R/ENV-204, through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, US Dept. of Commerce; and was supported in part by Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and the US Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research Center. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the aforementioned organizations. We are especially grateful to E. Phillips and J. Zamon (NOAA) who entirely made it possible to work at night at sea off the Columbia River, WA. Numerous MLML graduate students provided assistance in the field. L Harvey and D. Mazurkeiwicz assisted us in the Santa Barbara Channel. We also would like to acknowledge previous support from the Oiled Wildlife Care Network, Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California at Davis, NOAA Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and UC Santa Cruz, Tagging of Pacific Pelagics. Lastly, thanks to H. Nevins and L.T. Adams for unwavering support during those late nights at sea with the shearwaters. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee review and approval for this study were provided by San Jose State University Research Foundation (JTH and JA: #807, #929) and authorized by the USGS-WERC Study Plan Project No. 9370BQ9TSK1102. Authority for satellite telemetry was provided by USGS Bird Banding Laboratory Auxiliary Marking Authority #22911, CA Department of Fish and Game, Scientific Collecting Permit #6443, and State of Washington Scientific Collection Permit #05-500 (J. Zamon). Previous drafts of this paper benefited from comments and suggestions provided by E. Phillips and L. Henkel and two anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 156 SI SI BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071MZ UT WOS:000313599000012 ER PT J AU Whitfield, PH Burn, DH Hannaford, J Higgins, H Hodgkins, GA Marsh, T Looser, U AF Whitfield, Paul H. Burn, Donald H. Hannaford, Jamie Higgins, Helene Hodgkins, Glenn A. Marsh, Terry Looser, Ulrich TI Reference hydrologic networks I. The status and potential future directions of national reference hydrologic networks for detecting trends SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE reference networks; hydrometric data; hydrological change ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOW FLOWS; CANADIAN RIVERS; WATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; UNDISTURBED CATCHMENTS; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; NORTH-AMERICA AB Identifying climate-driven trends in river flows on a global basis is hampered by a lack of long, quality time series data for rivers with relatively undisturbed regimes. This is a global problem compounded by the lack of support for essential long-term monitoring. Experience demonstrates that, with clear strategic objectives, and the support of sponsoring organizations, reference hydrologic networks can constitute an exceptionally valuable data source to effectively identify, quantify and interpret hydrological change-the speed and magnitude of which is expected to a be a primary driver of water management and flood alleviation strategies through the future-and for additional applications. Reference hydrologic networks have been developed in many countries in the past few decades. These collections of streamflow gauging stations, that are maintained and operated with the intention of observing how the hydrology of watersheds responds to variations in climate, are described. The status of networks under development is summarized. We suggest a plan of actions to make more effective use of this collection of networks. C1 [Whitfield, Paul H.] Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. [Burn, Donald H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Hannaford, Jamie; Marsh, Terry] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Higgins, Helene] INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Hodgkins, Glenn A.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Looser, Ulrich] Global Runoff Data Ctr, Koblenz, Germany. RP Whitfield, PH (reprint author), Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. EM paul.whitfield@ec.gc.ca RI Hannaford, Jamie/I-6095-2012; OI Hannaford, Jamie/0000-0002-5256-3310; Whitfield, Paul/0000-0001-6937-9459 NR 109 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1562 EP 1579 DI 10.1080/02626667.2012.728706 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 093SR UT WOS:000315212700006 ER PT J AU Burn, DH Hannaford, J Hodgkins, GA Whitfield, PH Thorne, R Marsh, T AF Burn, Donald H. Hannaford, Jamie Hodgkins, Glenn A. Whitfield, Paul H. Thorne, Robin Marsh, Terry TI Reference hydrologic networks II. Using reference hydrologic networks to assess climate-driven changes in streamflow SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE reference hydrologic networks; trend analysis; climate change; streamflow ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; UNDISTURBED CATCHMENTS; CANADIAN STREAMFLOW; RIVER DISCHARGE; TREND DETECTION; LOW FLOWS; VARIABILITY; FLOODS; UK AB Reference hydrologic networks (RHNs) can play an important role in monitoring for changes in the hydrological regime related to climate variation and change. Currently, the literature concerning hydrological response to climate variations is complex and confounded by the combinations of many methods of analysis, wide variations in hydrology, and the inclusion of data series that include changes in land use, storage regulation and water use in addition to those of climate. Three case studies that illustrate a variety of approaches to the analysis of data from RHNs are presented and used, together with a summary of studies from the literature, to develop approaches for the investigation of changes in the hydrological regime at a continental or global scale, particularly for international comparison. We present recommendations for an analysis framework and the next steps to advance such an initiative. There is a particular focus on the desirability of establishing standardized procedures and methodologies for both the creation of new national RHNs and the systematic analysis of data derived from a collection of RHNs. C1 [Burn, Donald H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Hannaford, Jamie; Marsh, Terry] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Hodgkins, Glenn A.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Whitfield, Paul H.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Whitfield, Paul H.] Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. [Thorne, Robin] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Burn, DH (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM dhburn@civmail.uwaterloo.ca RI Hannaford, Jamie/I-6095-2012; OI Hannaford, Jamie/0000-0002-5256-3310; Whitfield, Paul/0000-0001-6937-9459 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Natural Environment Research Council, UK FX Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Natural Environment Research Council, UK. Rami Mansour assisted with some of the data analysis. The genesis for this paper was a Special Session entitled "International Hydrologic Reference Networks" held at the Water 2010 Conference in Quebec City, 5-7July 2010. The three example applications in this paper were originally presented in this session. The authors are grateful for the fruitful discussions with participants of this session and, in particular, Alex Cannon, Harry Lins, Dave Harvey, Helene Higgins, Ulrich Looser, Paul Pilon and Taha Ouarda. The authors also thank the conference organizers for facilitating the session. The paper has benefited from useful comments from Kerstin Stahl and an additional, anonymous reviewer. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1580 EP 1593 DI 10.1080/02626667.2012.728705 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 093SR UT WOS:000315212700007 ER PT J AU Recsetar, MS Zeigler, MP Ward, DL Bonar, SA Caldwell, CA AF Recsetar, Matthew S. Zeigler, Matthew P. Ward, David L. Bonar, Scott A. Caldwell, Colleen A. TI Relationship between Fish Size and Upper Thermal Tolerance SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; WATER TEMPERATURE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; STREAM FISHES; MAXIMA; EGGS; SURVIVAL AB Using critical thermal maximum (CTMax) tests, we examined the relationship between upper temperature tolerances and fish size (fry-adult or subadult lengths) of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (41-200-mm TL), Apache trout O. gilae apache (40-220-mm TL), largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (72-266-mm TL), Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (35-206-mm TL), channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (62-264 mm-TL), and Rio Grande cutthroat trout O. clarkii virginalis (36-181-mm TL). Rainbow trout and Apache trout were acclimated at 18 degrees C, Rio Grande cutthroat trout were acclimated at 14 degrees C, and Nile tilapia, largemouth bass, and channel catfish were acclimated at 25 degrees C, all for 14 d. Critical thermal maximum temperatures were estimated and data were analyzed using simple linear regression. There was no significant relationship (P > 0.05) between thermal tolerance and length for Nile tilapia (P = 0.33), channel catfish (P = 0.55), rainbow trout (P = 0.76), or largemouth bass (P = 0.93) for the length ranges we tested. There was a significant negative relationship between thermal tolerance and length for Rio Grande cutthroat trout (R-2 = 0.412, P < 0.001) and Apache trout (R-2 = 0.1374, P = 0.028); however, the difference was less than 1 degrees C across all lengths of Apache trout tested and about 1.3 degrees C across all lengths of Rio Grande cutthroat trout tested. Because there was either no or at most a slight relationship between upper thermal tolerance and size, management and research decisions based on upper thermal tolerance should be similar for the range of sizes within each species we tested. However, the different sizes we tested only encompassed life stages ranging from fry to adult/subadult, so thermal tolerance of eggs, alevins, and larger adults should also be considered before making management decisions affecting an entire species. C1 [Recsetar, Matthew S.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zeigler, Matthew P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ward, David L.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Cornville, AZ 86325 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU AZGFD; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Forest Service (USFS); University of Arizona; Science Support Funding program, USFWS, U.S. Geological Survey; USFS; Arizona Game and Fish Department; University of Arizona Animal Care and Use Committee [10-146] FX We thank Kirk Young, Marianne Cox, Julie Carter, Kelly Meyer, and Chasa O'Brien from the AZGFD; Stewart Jacks, Jeremy Voeltz, and Paul Barrett from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Amy Unthank from the U.S. Forest Service (USFS); and Olin Feuerbacher of the University of Arizona for study advice and logistic and financial support. We thank Scott Gurtin, Kelly Meyer, and Phil Hines for coordinating the use of Apache trout, and staff at the AZGFD Page Springs, Sterling Springs, and Tonto Creek fish hatcheries and the USFWS Alchesay-Williams Creek National Fish Hatchery for providing fish for this research. Kevin Fitzsimmons of the University of Arizona supplied Nile tilapia, and Brown's Fish Farm, Pima, Arizona, provided largemouth bass and channel catfish for this research. Justin Mapula and Lisa Trestik from the University of Arizona assisted with experiments, fish transportation, or obtaining permits; Carol Yde provided guidance with administrative procedures. We thank Kevin Fitzsimmons and William Matter from the University of Arizona for their review of this manuscript. We thank the University of Arizona; the Science Support Funding program, USFWS, U.S. Geological Survey; the USFS; and the Arizona Game and Fish Department for financial support. This project was conducted under University of Arizona Animal Care and Use Committee procedures under Project 10-146. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 79 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1438 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.694830 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000001 ER PT J AU Balazik, MT Garman, GC Van Eenennaam, JP Mohler, J Woods, LC AF Balazik, Matthew T. Garman, Greg C. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. Mohler, Jerre Woods, L. Curry, III TI Empirical Evidence of Fall Spawning by Atlantic Sturgeon in the James River, Virginia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; HUDSON RIVER; MANAGEMENT AB Due to overfishing and habitat alteration, the anadromous Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus is severely depleted across its historic range. The James and York rivers in Virginia are the two rivers comprising the Chesapeake Bay distinct population segment, where Atlantic sturgeon reproduction has been confirmed. It is widely recognized that Atlantic sturgeon spawn in the spring throughout their range; however, there is debate over whether they also spawn in the fall. To determine if Atlantic sturgeon spawn in the fall, independent of the spring spawn, large-mesh gill netting in the freshwater portion of the James River (above river kilometer 108) was conducted in the spring (April-June) and fall (August-October) for 3 years (20092011), resulting in the capture of 125 adult Atlantic sturgeon (three were recaptures) during the fall sampling, but none were captured during the spring. Field examination for sex and stage of maturity identified 106 mature males and one postspawned female. Sex was not determined for four fish, and due to time constraints, 11 were not examined. Forty mature males were externally tagged with Vemco (c) ultrasonic passives tags and movements were monitored with a Vemco (c) VR2W passive receiver array. Collection and tracking data showed that mature Atlantic sturgeon aggregate in the freshwater portion of the James River during the fall season, entering during August and out-migrating by the end of November. No tagged fish were detected in the freshwater area of the river during the subsequent spring months. Though James River Atlantic sturgeon may spawn in the spring, we suggest there is strong evidence for an independent fall spawn, which should be considered in future management and recovery actions. C1 [Balazik, Matthew T.; Garman, Greg C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mohler, Jerre] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Delaware River Coordinator Off, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Woods, L. Curry, III] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balazik, MT (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, 1000 W Cary St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM balazikmt@vcu.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1465 EP 1471 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.703157 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000004 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, TW Spengler, DE Schoenebeck, CW Brown, ML Chipps, SR AF Schaeffer, Travis W. Spengler, Daniel E. Schoenebeck, Casey W. Brown, Michael L. Chipps, Steven R. TI Effect of Feeding-Fasting Cycles on Oxygen Consumption and Bioenergetics of Female Yellow Perch SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH-RESPONSE; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS L; METABOLIC-RATE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; JUVENILE PERCH; HYBRID SUNFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; FLUVIATILIS L; RATION LEVEL; FLAVESCENS AB We measured growth and oxygen consumption of age-1 yellow perch Perca flavescens subjected to ad libitum (control) or variable feeding cycles of 2 (i.e., 2 d of feed, 2 d of deprivation), 6, or 12 d for a 72-d period. Individual, female yellowperch (initial weight = 51.9 +/- 0.9 g [mean +/- SE]) were stocked in 110-L aquaria to provide six replicates per treatment and fed measured rations of live fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. Consumption, absolute growth rate, growth efficiency, and oxygen consumption were similar among feeding regimens. However, growth trajectories for fish on the 2-d cycle were significantly lower than other feed-fast cycles. Hyperphagia occurred in all treatments. Bioenergetics model simulations indicated that consumption was significantly underestimated (t = 5.4, df = 4, P = 0.006), while growth was overestimated (t = -5.5, df = 4, P = 0.005) for fish on the 12-d cycle. However, model errors detected between observed and predicted values were low, ranging from -10.1% to +7.8%. We found that juvenile yellow perch exhibited compensatory growth (CG), but none of the feed-fast treatments resulted in growth overcompensation. Likewise, we found no evidence that respiration rates varied with CG, implying that yellow perch bioenergetics models could be used to predict the effects of feeding history and CG response on food consumption and fish growth. C1 [Schaeffer, Travis W.; Spengler, Daniel E.; Schoenebeck, Casey W.; Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, No Plains Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.brown@sdstate.edu FU Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings; South Dakota State University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences FX The authors thankfully acknowledge Steven Ranney for assistance and equipment, and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks for providing yellow perch. We also thank Robert Klumb, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fisheries biologist, for the use of equipment during respirometry trials. The authors also thank the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, and the South Dakota State University Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences for financial support and use of equipment and facilities. This study was conducted under and Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, administered through SD GFP study 1504. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1491 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.703155 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000006 ER PT J AU Fischer, J Paukert, C Daniels, M AF Fischer, Jason Paukert, Craig Daniels, Melinda TI Fish Community Response to Habitat Alteration: Impacts of Sand Dredging in the Kansas River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; INSTREAM SAND; BLUE SUCKER; GROWTH; BED; STREAMS; PERSPECTIVES; ENTRAINMENT AB Instream dredging, a common practice in rivers worldwide, can affect fish and fish habitat. We investigated the magnitude of these alterations and their influence on the fish community of the Kansas River, a large sand-bed river. Fishes were collected monthly from June 2010 to June 2011 in Edwardsville and Lawrence, Kansas, from 12 reaches of three types: 3 actively dredged, 2 historically dredged (i.e., not been dredged for at least 1 month before sampling), and 7 nondredged control reaches. The reaches, each 1 km long, were sampled with bottom trawls, seines, and electrofishing. Water depths and velocities at all 12 reaches were measured with an acoustic doppler current profiler and interpolated in ArcGIS. Actively dredged reaches had proportionally more deepwater habitat (>3 m) and low velocity (<0.15 m/s) near the riverbed than control reaches. However, the mean proportion of shallow-water habitat (<0.5 m), high velocities near the riverbed (>0.30 m/s), low-velocity habitat (<0.25 m/s), and high-velocity habitat (>0.75 m/s) were similar among all reach types. A canonical correspondence analysis was used to characterize relationships among habitat variables, the three reach types, and CPUE. Mean velocity and depth explained a significant amount of variation in species CPUE; however, reach type was not a significant factor for any of the gear types for any season. Our results show that dredging in Great Plains rivers can increase depths, but alterations to fish community structure was not evident, probably because many of these fishes are adapted to a range of habitat conditions and are highly mobile. C1 [Fischer, Jason] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Paukert, Craig] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Daniels, Melinda] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM fisch133@gmail.com OI Fischer, Jason/0000-0001-7226-6500 FU Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism [T-26]; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Kansas State University Division of Biology; Kansas State University Department of Geography; Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism through State Wildlife Grant T-26. Additional support of this project was provided by the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Kansas State University Division of Biology, and the Kansas State University Department of Geography. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U. S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey, or other sponsoring or participating agencies. We thank K. Gido and J. Gerken for providing insight and logistical support. K. Costigan and numerous technicians and volunteers provided valuable assistance in field collections and in the laboratory We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1544 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.703156 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000011 ER PT J AU Hostetter, NJ Evans, AF Roby, DD Collis, K AF Hostetter, Nathan J. Evans, Allen F. Roby, Daniel D. Collis, Ken TI Susceptibility of Juvenile Steelhead to Avian Predation: the Influence of Individual Fish Characteristics and River Conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; CASPIAN TERNS; SNAKE RIVER; RELATIVE VULNERABILITY; AVOIDANCE-BEHAVIOR; FORAGING PATTERNS AB Identification of the factors that influence susceptibility to predation can aid in developing management strategies to recover fish populations of conservation concern. Predator-prey relationships can be influenced by numerous factors, including prey condition, prey size, and environmental conditions. We investigated these factors by using juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Snake River (Pacific Northwest, USA), a distinct population segment that is listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. During 2007-2009, steelhead smolts (n = 25,909) were captured, examined for external condition characteristics (e. g., body injuries, descaling, external signs of disease, fin damage, and ectoparasite infestations), marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and released to continue their out-migration. Recoveries of PIT tags on a downstream colony of Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia (n = 913 tags) indicated that steelhead susceptibility to Caspian tern predation increased significantly with decreases in steelhead external condition, decreased water discharge, and decreased water clarity. Susceptibility to Caspian tern predation also increased with increasing steelhead fork length up to 202 mm but then decreased for longer steelhead. Recoveries of PIT tags on a downstream colony of double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus (n = 493 tags) indicated that steelhead susceptibility to double-crested cormorant predation increased significantly with declining external condition of steelhead, and that steelhead of hatchery origin were more susceptible than their wild counterparts. Results indicate that steelhead susceptibility to avian predation is dependent on fish condition and length and is influenced by river conditions and rearing environment. C1 [Hostetter, Nathan J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evans, Allen F.; Collis, Ken] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hostetter, NJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District (Scott Dunmire and David Trachtenbarg, Project Managers) provided funding for this research, access to juvenile fish collection facilities, and permission to conduct work on Crescent and Foundation islands. M. Carper, B. Cramer, J. Tennyson, and numerous seasonal technicians provided invaluable assistance in the field. We thank M. Plummer and B. Spurgeon (USACE) for providing access and logistical support at the juvenile fish facilities and S. Sebring (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission) and Richard Ledgerwood (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries) for collaborating on PIT tag recovery. J. Adkins, D. Battaglia, K. Fone, S. Lind, P. Loschl, and M. Price provided services, logistical support, or both, for which we are grateful. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. The study was performed under the auspices of Oregon State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol Number 3722). Technical advice and feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript were provided by D. Noakes and C. Periera. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1586 EP 1599 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.716011 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000015 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Aycock, JN Killgore, KJ AF Miranda, L. E. Aycock, J. N. Killgore, K. J. TI A Direct-Gradient Multivariate Index of Biotic Condition SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTIMETRIC INDEXES; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; INTEGRITY; STREAMS; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION; METRICS; SCALE; OXBOW AB Multimetric indexes constructed by summing metric scores have been criticized despite many of their merits. A leading criticism is the potential for investigator bias involved in metric selection and scoring. Often there is a large number of competing metrics equally well correlated with environmental stressors, requiring a judgment call by the investigator to select the most suitable metrics to include in the index and how to score them. Data-driven procedures for multimetric index formulation published during the last decade have reduced this limitation, yet apprehension remains. Multivariate approaches that select metrics with statistical algorithms may reduce the level of investigator bias and alleviate a weakness of multimetric indexes. We investigated the suitability of a direct-gradient multivariate procedure to derive an index of biotic condition for fish assemblages in oxbow lakes in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Although this multivariate procedure also requires that the investigator identify a set of suitable metrics potentially associated with a set of environmental stressors, it is different from multimetric procedures because it limits investigator judgment in selecting a subset of biotic metrics to include in the index and because it produces metric weights suitable for computation of index scores. The procedure, applied to a sample of 35 competing biotic metrics measured at 50 oxbow lakes distributed over a wide geographical region in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, selected 11 metrics that adequately indexed the biotic condition of five test lakes. Because the multivariate index includes only metrics that explain the maximum variability in the stressor variables rather than a balanced set of metrics chosen to reflect various fish assemblage attributes, it is fundamentally different from multimetric indexes of biotic integrity with advantages and disadvantages. As such, it provides an alternative to multimetric procedures. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Aycock, J. N.] Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Killgore, K. J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mississippi State University; U.S. Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Vicksburg District FX This research was funded by the Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We thank Kent Parrish and Dave Johnson, Vicksburg District, for providing funding and technical advice; Ted Alfermann, Dan Dembkowski, Seiji Miyazono, and Chris Steffen for help with field work; and Tom Kwak, Luiz Gomes, Sam Stribling, Chris Millard, and John Van Sickle for helpful reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this document. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1637 EP 1648 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.717519 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000019 ER PT J AU Adrean, LJ Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K Evans, AF AF Adrean, Lindsay J. Roby, Daniel D. Lyons, Donald E. Collis, Ken Evans, Allen F. TI Potential Effects of Management on Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Predation on Juvenile Salmonids at a Colony in San Francisco Bay, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; AVIAN PREDATION; SEABIRD POPULATIONS; WATERBIRD PREDATION; FORAGING ECOLOGY; ENERGY; PATTERNS AB San Francisco Bay is a proposed relocation site for some of the Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia currently nesting at the world's largest colony for the species in the Columbia River estuary and consuming salmonids listed under the U. S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). However, several runs of salmonids listed under the ESA occur in San Francisco Bay and managers are concerned that increased Caspian tern predation may pose a threat to the recovery of these fish. We used a bioenergetics modeling approach, employing estimates of tern energy requirements and proportions of energy supplied by various prey types, to estimate the consumption of juvenile salmonids by Caspian terns nesting on Brooks Island in central San Francisco Bay during 2008 and 2009. Estimated salmonid consumption was similar to 205,000 smolts (95% confidence interval, 175,000-245,000 smolts) in 2008 and similar to 167,000 smolts (144,000-191,000 smolts) in 2009. The interannual difference in smolt consumption was due to the smaller size of the tern colony and lower nesting success in 2009. Estimated predation rates on ESA-listed Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (0.1%) were lower than those on unlisted fall-run Chinook salmon (1.0%). Continuation of the current downward trend in the number of Caspian terns nesting on Brooks Island and the resulting reductions in salmonid predation would not be sufficient to reverse salmonid declines in San Francisco Bay. The proposed enhancement of the Brooks Island Caspian tern colony to 3,000 individuals would at most cause declines in annual population growth rates of 0.28% for fall-run Chinook salmon and 0.02% for threatened spring-run Chinook salmon, assuming that the mortality from tern predation is 100% additive. C1 [Adrean, Lindsay J.; Lyons, Donald E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Collis, Ken; Evans, Allen F.] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 52 SW Roosevelt Ave, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM ken@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, provided funding for this research. East Bay Regional Parks granted permission to access Brooks Island. We are grateful to K. Niemela and K. Offill (USFWS) and the Marine Science Institute for providing fish samples. T. Marcella, A. Patterson (Oregon State University [OSU]), and many other technicians provided field assistance. D. Battaglia, P. Loschl, and J. Adkins (OSU) provided much appreciated logistical support in the field and laboratory. N. Hostetter (Real Time Research) provided comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1682 EP 1696 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.713886 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000023 ER PT J AU Clifford, AM Henry, M Bergstedt, R McDonald, DG Smits, AS Wilkie, MP AF Clifford, Alexander M. Henry, Matthew Bergstedt, Roger McDonald, D. Gordon Smits, Adam S. Wilkie, Michael P. TI Recovery of Larval Sea Lampreys from Short-Term Exposure to the Pesticide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol: Implications for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT WHITE MUSCLE; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; LAMPRICIDE 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL; SPAWNING MIGRATION; METABOLIC RECOVERY; ROUTINE TREATMENT; FILLET TISSUE; RAPID LOSS AB For over 50 years, invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus populations have been controlled in the Great Lakes using the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), which is applied to streams containing larval sea lampreys. The specificity of TFM is due to the sea lamprey's relative inability to detoxify it using glucuronidation; this inability causes death by interfering with the production of ATP, the main energy currency of cells. TFM treatments typically last 12 h, but given the sea lamprey's relative inability to detoxify TFM we predicted that TFM-induced homeostatic disturbances and toxicity would occur following shorter periods of exposure. Accordingly, we exposed larval sea lampreys to the 12-h LC99.9 (i.e., the concentration lethal to 99.9% of the test subjects over 12 h) of TFM for 4 or 6 h and monitored the survival and replenishment of energy stores and metabolite concentrations in surviving sea lampreys over a 24-h depuration period. Minimal mortality (similar to 20%) was observed during the post-TFM recovery, despite respective 50% and 70% reductions in brain and liver ATP, 70-90% decreases in brain phosphocreatine (PCr), and 30-50% reductions in brain and liver glycogen with corresponding increases in lactate. While relatively resistant to TFM, muscle still underwent a 55% decline in PCr. However, energy stores and metabolites returned to preexposure levels 4-12 h after TFM exposure. We conclude that sea lampreys can rapidly restore homeostasis following shorter-term TFM exposure. The resilience of sea lampreys to shorter-term TFM exposure suggests that there is no merit in reducing TFM treatment times from 12 h, which could lead to "treatment residuals" that survive lampricide treatments. This capacity to reverse TFM-induced perturbations also suggests that larvae seen emerging from the stream substrate late in a treatment, or that find refuge near streambanks or in isolated pools, could be another source of treatment residuals, leading to increased sea lamprey parasitism of sport and commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes. C1 [Clifford, Alexander M.; Henry, Matthew; Smits, Adam S.; Wilkie, Michael P.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Clifford, Alexander M.; Henry, Matthew; Smits, Adam S.; Wilkie, Michael P.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Laurier Inst Water Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Bergstedt, Roger] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [McDonald, D. Gordon] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Wilkie, MP (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. EM mwilkie@wlu.ca OI Clifford, Alexander/0000-0002-2836-5832 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; NSERC FX The authors thank the staff at the U. S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, Michigan, along with the staff at the Sea Lamprey Control Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, for providing us with larval sea lampreys and for the generous donation of field grade TFM and TFM standards. The authors also thank O. Birceanu for her assistance and guidance with the biochemical assays used to measure fuel stores and metabolites in larval sea lampreys. This research was funded by a Great Lakes Fishery Commission grant awarded to M.P.W., D.G.M., and R.B. and an NSERC Discovery Grant awarded to M.P.W. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1697 EP 1710 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.713887 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000024 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Fischer, JW Humphrey, JS Daughtery, TS Milleson, MP Tillman, EA Avery, ML AF Walter, W. David Fischer, Justin W. Humphrey, John S. Daughtery, Trey S. Milleson, Michael P. Tillman, Eric A. Avery, Michael L. TI Using three-dimensional flight patterns at airfields to identify hotspots for avian-aircraft collisions SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Aviation hazard; Birdstrike; Black vulture; Cathartes aura; Coragyps atratus; Flight behavior; Satellite telemetry; Turkey vulture ID TURKEY VULTURES; HOME RANGES; BLACK; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; ROOSTS AB In the United States, black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) pose significant birdstrike risks to aircraft. Understanding flight behaviors of vultures in and around military and civilian airfields is necessary to alleviate these risks. Using satellite telemetry data collected from 11 black vultures and 7 turkey vultures equipped with Global Positioning System backpack harness technology, we collected data on location and altitude near the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) in Beaufort, South Carolina from September 2006 to September 2008. We used military aircraft flight landing patterns to visualize a new concept, a flight altitude cone of depression (FACOD), which models a three-dimensional flight pattern over the airfield. We then identified areas in and around MCAS where vulture flight paths penetrated the FACOD and locations of vultures were proximate to flight approach routes that posed potential risk to aircraft for a birdstrike. Combining altitude of in-flight locations of vultures or other species with three-dimensional flight patterns of aircraft provides a novel method for managers of military and domestic airfields to assess birdstrike risk and to focus corrective actions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Walter, W. David; Fischer, Justin W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Humphrey, John S.; Milleson, Michael P.; Tillman, Eric A.; Avery, Michael L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Daughtery, Trey S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Marine Corps Air Stn, Beaufort, SC 29904 USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 403 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu; Justin.W.Fischer@aphis.usda.gov; John.S.Humphrey@aphis.usda.gov; Rudolph.Daughtely@usmc.mil; Michael.P.Milleson@aphis.usda.gov; Eric.A.Tillman@aphis.usda.gov; Michael.L.Avery@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.05.002 PG 7 WC Geography SC Geography GA 068QB UT WOS:000313380200006 ER PT J AU van Riper, CJ Kyle, GT Sutton, SG Barnes, M Sherrouse, BC AF van Riper, Carena J. Kyle, Gerard T. Sutton, Stephen G. Barnes, Melinda Sherrouse, Benson C. TI Mapping outdoor recreationists' perceived social values for ecosystem services at Hinchinbrook Island National Park, Australia SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Social-ecological systems; Marine protected areas; Geographic information systems; Environmental values; Ecosystem-based management ID LANDSCAPE VALUES; VALUE ORIENTATIONS; PLACE ATTACHMENT; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; PERCEPTIONS; FRAMEWORK; RESOURCE; SYSTEMS AB Coastal ecosystems are increasingly faced with human impacts. To better understand these changing conditions, biophysical and economic values of nature have been used to prioritize spatial planning efforts and ecosystem-based management of human activities. Less is known, however, about how to characterize and represent non-material values in decision-making. We collected on-site and mailback survey data (n = 209), and analyzed these data using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) GIS application to incorporate measures of social value and natural resource conditions on Hinchinbrook Island National Park, Australia. Our objectives in this paper are to: I) determine the spatial distribution and point density of social values for ecosystem services; 2) examine the relationship between social values and natural resource conditions; and 3) compare social value allocations between two subgroups of outdoor recreationists. Results suggest that high priority areas exist on Hinchinbrook's land and seascapes according to the multiple values assigned to places by outdoor recreationists engaged in consumptive (e.g., fishing) and non-consumptive (e.g., hiking) activities. We examine statistically significant spatial clustering across two subgroups of the survey population for three value types that reflect Recreation, Biological Diversity, and Aesthetic qualities. The relationship between the relative importance of social values for ecosystem services and spatially-defined ecological data is explored to guide management decision-making in the context of an island national park setting. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Riper, Carena J.; Kyle, Gerard T.] Texas A&M Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Lab, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sutton, Stephen G.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Fishing & Fisheries Res Ctr, Douglas, Qld, Australia. [Barnes, Melinda] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sherrouse, Benson C.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP van Riper, CJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Lab, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, 2261 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cvanripe@tamu.edu RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; OI Kyle, Gerard/0000-0002-6944-9020 NR 61 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 11 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.008 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 068QB UT WOS:000313380200017 ER PT J AU Kerr, JG Eimers, MC Creed, IF Adams, MB Beall, F Burns, D Campbell, JL Christopher, SF Clair, TA Courchesne, F Duchesne, L Fernandez, I Houle, D Jeffries, DS Likens, GE Mitchell, MJ Shanley, J Yao, H AF Kerr, J. G. Eimers, M. C. Creed, I. F. Adams, M. B. Beall, F. Burns, D. Campbell, J. L. Christopher, S. F. Clair, T. A. Courchesne, F. Duchesne, L. Fernandez, I. Houle, D. Jeffries, D. S. Likens, G. E. Mitchell, M. J. Shanley, J. Yao, H. TI The effect of seasonal drying on sulphate dynamics in streams across southeastern Canada and the northeastern USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sulphate; Drought; Wetlands; Seasonal drying; Forested streams ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; FORESTED LANDSCAPES; ISOTOPIC APPROACH; SULFUR DYNAMICS; WATER AB Within the southeast Canada and northeast USA region, a peak in sulphate (SO4 (2-)) concentration has been reported for some streams following periods of substantial catchment drying during the summer months (ON, Canada; VT, NH and NY, USA). However, it is currently unclear if a SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying is widespread across the broader region, or to what extent the level of response varies among catchments. In our study, SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying was compared in 20 catchments from 11 locations across southeastern Canada (ON, QC and NS) and northeastern USA (NH, NY, VT, WV and ME). Using long-term monitoring data of stream discharge and chemistry, the number of days for each month of the dry season (# d) when discharge (Q) was below a threshold level (25th percentile; Q(25)) was calculated for each catchment to give a measure of 'seasonal dryness' (# d Q < Q(25)). A SO4 (2-) response score (rs) was then calculated for each catchment based on linear regression analysis of # d Q < Q(25) versus either the annual SO4 (2-) concentration, or the residual of annual SO4 (2-) concentration as a function of time (year). The final rs values for each catchment provided an estimate of the proportion of variation in annual SO4 (2-) concentration which could be explained by seasonal drying (possible rs range = 0-1). Of the 20 catchments, 13 exhibited some level of a SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying (rs = 0.04-0.72) with an additional two catchments exhibiting a SO4 (2-) response for one or more seasons. SO4 (2-) response scores were positively related to percent wetland area (w) (rs = 1.000 - 0.978e(-0.054*) (w) , r (2) = 0.44) and percent saturated area (sat) (rs = 0.481 - 0.488e(-0.101*) (sat), r (2) = 0.54) indicating that wetlands/saturated areas were an important driver of regional variation in the SO4 (2-) response to seasonal drying. Our results suggest that any shift towards drier summers as a result of climate change could impact SO4 (2-) dynamics in a large number of catchments throughout the region. C1 [Kerr, J. G.; Eimers, M. C.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Creed, I. F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON, Canada. [Adams, M. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Parsons, WV USA. [Beall, F.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Burns, D.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. [Campbell, J. L.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. [Christopher, S. F.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Clair, T. A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Branch, Sackville, NB, Canada. [Courchesne, F.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Duchesne, L.] Foret Quebec, Minist Ressources Nat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Fernandez, I.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Houle, D.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Jeffries, D. S.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Aquat Ecosyst Res Impacts Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Likens, G. E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Mitchell, M. J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Shanley, J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Yao, H.] Ontario Minist Environm, Dorset, ON, Canada. RP Kerr, JG (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM jasonkerr@trentu.ca RI Creed, Irena/L-8810-2013; OI Creed, Irena/0000-0001-8199-1472; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 393 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9664-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200025 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, SM Ziegler, SE Belnap, J Evans, RD AF Schaeffer, Sean M. Ziegler, Susan E. Belnap, Jayne Evans, R. D. TI Effects of Bromus tectorum invasion on microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling in two adjacent undisturbed arid grassland communities SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Global change; Exotic species invasion; Nitrogen cycling; Carbon cycling; Stable isotopes; Phospholipid fatty acids ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASION; CANYONLANDS-NATIONAL-PARK; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MOJAVE DESERT ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOIL-NITROGEN; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; DYNAMICS; AVAILABILITY AB Soil nitrogen (N) is an important component in maintaining ecosystem stability, and the introduction of non-native plants can alter N cycling by changing litter quality and quantity, nutrient uptake patterns, and soil food webs. Our goal was to determine the effects of Bromus tectorum (C-3) invasion on soil microbial N cycling in adjacent non-invaded and invaded C-3 and C-4 native arid grasslands. We monitored resin-extractable N, plant and soil delta C-13 and delta N-15, gross rates of inorganic N mineralization and consumption, and the quantity and isotopic composition of microbial phospholipid biomarkers. In invaded C-3 communities, labile soil organic N and gross and net rates of soil N transformations increased, indicating an increase in overall microbial N cycling. In invaded C-4 communities labile soil N stayed constant, but gross N flux rates increased. The delta C-13 of phospholipid biomarkers in invaded C-4 communities showed that some portion of the soil bacterial population preferentially decomposed invader C-3-derived litter over that from the native C-4 species. Invasion in C-4 grasslands also significantly decreased the proportion of fungal to bacterial phospholipid biomarkers. Different processes are occurring in response to B. tectorum invasion in each of these two native grasslands that: 1) alter the size of soil N pools, and/or 2) the activity of the microbial community. Both processes provide mechanisms for altering long-term N dynamics in these ecosystems and highlight how multiple mechanisms can lead to similar effects on ecosystem function, which may be important for the construction of future biogeochemical process models. C1 [Schaeffer, Sean M.; Evans, R. D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schaeffer, Sean M.; Evans, R. D.] Washington State Univ, Lab Biotechnol & Bioanal Stable Isotope Core, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schaeffer, Sean M.] Univ Arkansas, Stable Isotope Lab, Sch Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Schaeffer, Sean M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 92106 USA. [Ziegler, Susan E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Schaeffer, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 92106 USA. EM sschaeffer@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012; Ziegler, Susan/B-5495-2014; OI Ziegler, Susan/0000-0003-0708-1336; Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952 FU NSF Ecosystem Studies Program; Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program [98-14358, 98-14510]; DOD-SERDP Program; Chemistry and Molecular Biology Fellowship (NSF-EPSCOR); NSF Dissertation Improvement Grant FX This project was funded by the NSF Ecosystem Studies Program and Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program (grant 98-14358 and 98-14510) to RDE and the DOD-SERDP Program. We gratefully acknowledge the National Park service and the USGS-BRD. Thanks go to Lynda Sperry, Sharon Billings, Mike Dunaway, Sue Phillips, and Tonya Troxler. Special thanks to Brad Jones for technical assistance and Greg Thoma for use of his GCFID and GCMS systems. Thanks to Stan Smith, Duane Wolf, Steve Beaupre, and Virginia Jin for their comments on a draft of this manuscript. Sean Schaeffer was funded by a Chemistry and Molecular Biology Fellowship (NSF-EPSCOR) and a NSF Dissertation Improvement Grant. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 427 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9668-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200027 ER PT J AU Rutherford, DW Wershaw, RL Rostad, CE Kelly, CN AF Rutherford, David W. Wershaw, Robert L. Rostad, Colleen E. Kelly, Charlene N. TI Effect of formation conditions on biochars: Compositional and structural properties of cellulose, lignin, and pine biochars SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Lignocellulosic Ethanol CY OCT 13-15, 2010 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE Biochar; Formation; Cellulose; Lignin; Properties; Characteristics ID HIGHLY WEATHERED SOILS; HUMID TROPICS; GC-MS; CHARCOAL; BIOMASS; CARBON; PYROLYSIS; SORPTION; WOOD; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The application of biochar to soil has been proposed as a long-term sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems while providing improved soil fertility and increased crop production. Because biochar differs from the widely documented activated carbon, initial characterization information on effects of formation conditions on physical and chemical properties of biochar is important prior to its large-scale incorporation into soils. Plant biomass is composed primarily of cellulose and lignin. As a means of predicting biochar characteristics, samples of cellulose, lignin, and pine were charred under a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 250 degrees C to 500 degrees C for times ranging from 1 h to 168 h. Mass loss, elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), Fourier transform infrared and C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the biochars produced were compared. Mass loss combined with NMR spectrometry showed that the initial rapid loss of material is attributed to aliphatic components, which are either lost or converted to aromatic carbon early in the charring process, and oxygen was lost more rapidly than carbon. The biomass contains a labile oxygen fraction that is quickly removed or lost upon initial heating, and a recalcitrant oxygen fraction which remains fixed in the char. If biochar is to be incorporated into agricultural soils, formation conditions should be tailored to optimize desirable characteristics, such as recalcitrance to degradation, soil fertility and pollutant sequestration, and minimize less desirable characteristics of degradability or low yield (mass loss). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95,MS 408,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 155 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 46 SI SI BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.06.026 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 067PJ UT WOS:000313307300069 ER PT J AU McLaskey, GC Thomas, AM Glaser, SD Nadeau, RM AF McLaskey, Gregory C. Thomas, Amanda M. Glaser, Steven D. Nadeau, Robert M. TI Fault healing promotes high-frequency earthquakes in laboratory experiments and on natural faults SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENCE INTERVAL; DEPENDENT FRICTION; STICK-SLIP; STATE; ASPERITIES; VELOCITY; MOMENT; ROCKS; CREEP; MODEL AB Faults strengthen or heal with time in stationary contact(1,2), and this healing may be an essential ingredient for the generation of earthquakes(1-3). In the laboratory, healing is thought to be the result of thermally activated mechanisms that weld together micrometre-sized asperity contacts on the fault surface, but the relationship between laboratory measures of fault healing and the seismically observable properties of earthquakes is at present not well defined. Here we report on laboratory experiments and seismological observations that show how the spectral properties of earthquakes vary as a function of fault healing time. In the laboratory, we find that increased healing causes a disproportionately large amount of high-frequency seismic radiation to be produced during fault rupture. We observe a similar connection between earthquake spectra and recurrence time for repeating earthquake sequences on natural faults. Healing rates depend on pressure, temperature(4) and mineralogy(1), so the connection between seismicity and healing may help to explain recent observations of large megathrust earthquakes which indicate that energetic, high-frequency seismic radiation originates from locations that are distinct from the geodetically inferred locations of large-amplitude fault slip(5-7). C1 [McLaskey, Gregory C.; Glaser, Steven D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thomas, Amanda M.; Nadeau, Robert M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McLaskey, GC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gmclaskey@usgs.gov FU US NSF GRF; NSF [CMMI-1131582, EAR-0738342, EAR-0910322] FX This paper was improved by suggestions from R. Burgmann and constructive reviews by T. Tullis, C. Marone, W. Ellsworth and N. Beeler. High-Resolution Seismic Network data was provided by the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory and NCEDC. Research was supported by the US NSF GRF and NSF grants CMMI-1131582, EAR-0738342 and EAR-0910322. This is BSL contribution #11-12. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 55 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7422 BP 101 EP U114 DI 10.1038/nature11512 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 028PM UT WOS:000310434500038 PM 23128232 ER PT J AU Schleier, JJ Peterson, RKD Irvine, KM Marshall, LM Weaver, DK Preftakes, CJ AF Schleier, Jerome J., III Peterson, Robert K. D. Irvine, Kathryn M. Marshall, Lucy M. Weaver, David K. Preftakes, Collin J. TI Environmental fate model for ultra-low-volume insecticide applications used for adult mosquito management SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mosquito management; Aerosol physics; Pesticide fate; Environmental fate; Pyrethroid ID DEPLOYED MILITARY PERSONNEL; WEST-NILE ENCEPHALITIS; HEALTH RISK-ASSESSMENT; DROPLET SIZE SPECTRA; AERIAL SPRAY DRIFT; DEPOSITION; MALATHION; DISPERSION; EXPOSURE; TRACER AB One of the more effective ways of managing high densities of adult mosquitoes that vector human and animal pathogens is ultra-low-volume (ULV) aerosol applications of insecticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency uses models that are not validated for ULV insecticide applications and exposure assumptions to perform their human and ecological risk assessments. Currently, there is no validated model that can accurately predict deposition of insecticides applied using ULV technology for adult mosquito management. In addition, little is known about the deposition and drift of small droplets like those used under conditions encountered during ULV applications. The objective of this study was to perform field studies to measure environmental concentrations of insecticides and to develop a validated model to predict the deposition of ULV insecticides. The final regression model was selected by minimizing the Bayesian Information Criterion and its prediction performance was evaluated using k-fold cross validation. Density of the formulation and the density and CMD interaction coefficients were the largest in the model. The results showed that as density of the formulation decreases, deposition increases. The interaction of density and CMD showed that higher density formulations and larger droplets resulted in greater deposition. These results are supported by the aerosol physics literature. A k-fold cross validation demonstrated that the mean square error of the selected regression model is not biased, and the mean square error and mean square prediction error indicated good predictive ability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schleier, Jerome J., III; Peterson, Robert K. D.; Marshall, Lucy M.; Weaver, David K.; Preftakes, Collin J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Schleier, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jerome.schleier@msu.montana.edu FU USDA Western Regional IPM grant program; Montana State University Institute on Ecosystems National Science Foundation Final Year Ph.D. Fellowship; U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board's Deployed War Fighter Protection Research Program; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA FX We thank those who generously provided field and technical support in addition to products used during the study: P. Macedo, D. Brown, G. Goodman, the staff of Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District, J. Bodin, L Tatsey, A Correa Varella, Bayer Crop Science, Univar USA, Inc., and the staff of Baton Rouge Mosquito Abatement and Rodent Control District. We would also like thank to S. Scott of the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District and M. Flikkema for allowing the use of their land for these experiments. We thank the Montana Department of Agriculture for providing the DC-III droplet analyzer. This research was supported by the USDA Western Regional IPM grant program, Montana State University Institute on Ecosystems National Science Foundation Final Year Ph.D. Fellowship, the U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board's Deployed War Fighter Protection Research Program, and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 438 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.059 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065NN UT WOS:000313155300010 PM 22967495 ER PT J AU Vander Pol, SS Anderson, DW Jodice, PGR Stuckey, JE AF Vander Pol, Stacy S. Anderson, Daniel W. Jodice, Patrick G. R. Stuckey, Joyce E. TI East versus West: Organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Brown pelican; Egg; Biomonitor; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Pesticide; Flame retardant ID SEA-TURTLES; BIRDS; WILDLIFE; PREY AB Brown pelicans (Peleconus occidentalis) were listed as endangered in the United States in 1970, largely due to reproductive failure and mortality caused by organochlorine contaminants, such as DDT. The southeast population, P.o. carolinensis, was delisted in 1985, while the west coast population. P.o. californicus, was not delisted until 2009. As fish-eating coastal seabirds, brown pelicans may serve as a biomonitors. Organic contaminants were examined in brown pelican eggs collected from the Gulf of California in 2004 and South Carolina in 2005 using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Contaminants were compared using all individual data as well as statistically pooled samples to provide similar sample sizes with little difference in results. Principal components analysis separated the Gulf of California brown pelican eggs from the South Carolina eggs based on contaminant patterns. The South Carolina population had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes, dieldrin and mirex, while the Gulf of California eggs had higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). With the exception of dieldrin and brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, this pattern was observed for mussel and oyster tissues from these regions, indicating the need for further study into the differences between east and west coast brown pelican populations and ecosystem contamination patterns. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vander Pol, Stacy S.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Anderson, Daniel W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Stuckey, Joyce E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Vander Pol, SS (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpol@nist.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of California, Davis; Agricultural Experiment Station FX For the South Carolina eggs, logistical and administrative support was provided by SC DNR and Cape Romain NWR. The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. For the Gulf of California eggs, collecting permits were issued to the office of Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Islas del Golfo de California, "Comision Nacional de Areas Natrurales Protegidas: (CONANP, see Godinez Reyes et al. (2006)). Support was provided by the University of California, Davis; Agricultural Experiment Station. NIST supported the analysis of all egg samples for organic contaminants. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 438 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065NN UT WOS:000313155300058 PM 23037812 ER PT J AU Meteyer, CU Barber, D Mandl, JN AF Meteyer, Carol U. Barber, Daniel Mandl, Judith N. TI Pathology in euthermic bats with white nose syndrome suggests a natural manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome SO VIRULENCE LA English DT Article DE cave-hibernating bats; Geomyces destructans; hibernation-induced; immune suppression; immune cell trafficking; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS); Myotis lucifugus; white nose syndrome ID GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; HIBERNATION; INFECTION; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; THERAPY AB White nose syndrome, caused by Geomyces destructans, has killed more than 5 million cave hibernating bats in eastern North America. During hibernation, the lack of inflammatory cell recruitment at the site of fungal infection and erosion is consistent with a temperature-induced inhibition of immune cell trafficking. This immune suppression allows G. destructans to colonize and erode the skin of wings, ears and muzzle of bat hosts unchecked. Yet, paradoxically, within weeks of emergence from hibernation an intense neutrophilic inflammatory response to G. destructans is generated, causing severe pathology that can contribute to death. We hypothesize that the sudden reversal of immune suppression in bats upon the return to euthermia leads to a form of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). IRIS was first described in HIV-infected humans with low helper T lymphocyte counts and bacterial or fungal opportunistic infections. IRIS is a paradoxical and rapid worsening of symptoms in immune compromised humans upon restoration of immunity in the face of an ongoing infectious process. In humans with HIV, the restoration of adaptive immunity following suppression of HIV replication with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can trigger severe immune-mediated tissue damage that can result in death. We propose that the sudden restoration of immune responses in bats infected with G. destructans results in an IRIS-like dysregulated immune response that causes the post-emergent pathology. C1 [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Barber, Daniel] NIAID, Lymphocyte Biol Unit T, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mandl, Judith N.] NIAID, Lymphocyte Biol Sect, Lab Syst Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mandl, JN (reprint author), NIAID, Lymphocyte Biol Sect, Lab Syst Biol, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mandlj@niaid.nih.gov FU US. Geological Survey FX Authors are grateful to Gregory Turner (Pennsylvania Game Commission), Mick Valent (New Jersey Division of Fish and Wild-life) and Jackie Kashmer (New Jersey Bat Sanctuary) for permission to use the photographs in Figure 1 and Ann Rivers (Acadia Wildlife Foundation) for submitting the Little Brown Bats from Maine. Diagnostic work was funded by the US. Geological Survey. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 79 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 2150-5594 J9 VIRULENCE JI Virulence PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 7 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.4161/viru.22330 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 067HU UT WOS:000313285700006 PM 23154286 ER PT J AU Brander, SM Mosser, CM Geist, J Hladik, ML Werner, I AF Brander, Susanne M. Mosser, Christopher M. Geist, Juergen Hladik, Michelle L. Werner, Inge TI Esfenvalerate toxicity to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia in the presence of green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE US EPA WET testing; Organic matter; Pyrethroid; Swimming ability; Predator avoidance ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PHASE DISTRIBUTION; HYALELLA-AZTECA; SURFACE WATERS; CENTRAL VALLEY AB The presence of phytoplankton, like other particulate organic matter, can interfere with the effects of hydrophobic contaminants such as pyrethroid pesticides. However, the reduction or elimination of toxicity by algae added as food during testing is not taken into account in standard US EPA whole effluent toxicity (WET) zooplankton tests. On the other hand, WET test conditions may overestimate toxicity of such compounds in highly productive surface waters with high concentrations of detritus and other particulate matter. In addition, WET tests do not measure impaired swimming ability or predator avoidance behavior as an indicator of increased mortality risk. This study used a modified version of the US EPA WET Ceriodaphnia dubia acute test to investigate the effects of phytoplankton on toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide, esfenvalerate. Animals were exposed simultaneously to different concentrations of esfenvalerate and green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Mortality and predation risk were recorded after 4 and 24 h. Algae at or below concentrations specified in the WET protocol significantly reduced mortality. Regardless, organisms exposed to esfenvalerate were unable to avoid simulated predation in the presence of algae at any concentration. After 12 h, esfenvalerate adsorbed to algae represented 68-99 % of the total amount recovered. The proportion of algae-bound insecticide increased with algal concentration indicating that conclusions drawn from toxicity tests in which algae are added as food must be interpreted with caution as the dissolved fraction of such hydrophobic contaminants is reduced. Additionally, our results strongly suggest that the EPA should consider adding ecologically-relevant endpoints such as swimming behavior to standard WET protocols. C1 [Brander, Susanne M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Brander, Susanne M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brander, Susanne M.] Univ Calif Bodega, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94952 USA. [Mosser, Christopher M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Geist, Juergen] Tech Univ Muenchen, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, Aquat Syst Biol Unit, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Werner, Inge] Eawag EPFL, Swiss Ctr Appl Ecotoxicol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Werner, Inge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brander, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM branders@uncw.edu RI Geist, Juergen/C-4933-2008; OI Geist, Juergen/0000-0001-7698-3443; Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU Interagency Ecological Program, Sacramento, California [4600004445]; Delta Science [R/SF-27, SCI-05-C111]; National Science Foundation [0841297] FX We would like to thank Linda Deanovic, Marie Stillway, and the staff of the UC Davis Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Davis, CA, for their assistance with exposure experiments, Dr. Peter Green, Tessa Fojut, and Harry Wu for their assistance with chemical analyses, and Dr. Will White for assistance with statistical analyses. We also are thankful for the helpful comments of four anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by the Interagency Ecological Program, Sacramento, California (Contract No. 4600004445 to I. Werner), Delta Science (Pre-Doctoral Fellowship R/SF-27 and Grant No. SCI-05-C111), and the National Science Foundation (GK-12 Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, Grant No. 0841297). NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2409 EP 2418 DI 10.1007/s10646-012-0996-y PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 058WG UT WOS:000312664900030 PM 22975895 ER PT J AU Reynolds, AC Quade, J Betancourt, JL AF Reynolds, Amanda C. Quade, Jay Betancourt, Julio L. TI Strontium isotopes and nutrient sourcing in a semi-arid woodland SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Strontium isotopes; Nutrient cycling; Atmospheric dust; Soil chronosequence; Basalt flows ID ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; CHANGING SOURCES; VEGETATION TYPES; SOIL-MOISTURE; DESERT SOILS; WATER; CARBONATE; PATTERNS; CALCIUM; STATES AB Sr isotopes are widely used as a tracer of Sr and Ca in surficial systems. Basalt flows ranging in age from 3 ka (kiloyears ago) to > 200 ka from El Malpais National Monument (EMNM), New Mexico provide an ideal setting to examine strontium, and hence calcium cycling by plants in a semi-arid woodland. To gauge plant dependence on atmospheric dust versus local weathering products for strontium and calcium, we measured Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios in local bedrock and soils, and compared them to leaf/wood cellulose of four different conifers, a deciduous tree, three shrubs, an annual C-4 grass, and a lichen. Sampling sites varied by parent material (limestone, sandstone, granite, and basalt) and age (Quaternary to Precambrian), providing a wide range in end-member 87Sr/86Sr ratios, whereas the target plant species varied in physiognomy, life history, and rooting depth. On non-basalt parent material, the contribution from dust changed with the supply of weatherable Sr-bearing minerals in local bedrock. Soils developed on Paleozoic limestone showed significant bedrock contributions. On basalts, the Sr budget of soils at EMNM is dominated by atmospheric dust on young, 3 ka flows, incorporates a mixture of basalt-dust in 9 ka flows, and is basalt-dominated in 120 ka flows. This is unlike the pattern observed in tropical soils developed on basalt in Hawaii, where basalt weathering dominates the Sr inventory of the youngest soils and aerosols dominate in older, deeply weathered soils. This contrast is mainly due to different water/rock (W/R) ratios: bedrock subjected to high W/R over short periods is quickly (<10 ka) depleted in Sr (and Ca), except for the ongoing replenishment from aerosols. In arid settings where W/R are lower, soil Sr is still abundantly available first from dust, and increasingly from bedrock even after 120 ka. For plants, Sr-87/Sr-86 variations within and across sites at EMNP showed that evergreen trees varied most in Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios, shrubs were least dependent on eolian input of Sr, and both foliage density and rooting depths influence soil Sr pools. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Reynolds, Amanda C.] Exxon Mobil Corp, Houston, TX 77092 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Quade, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM quadej@email.arizona.edu FU NSF-IGERT Fellowship in Archaeometry; NSF-CATTS Fellowship at the University of Arizona FX We thank Jon Patchett, Nathan English, and Clark Isachsen for advice on lab protocols. ACR was funded by an NSF-IGERT Fellowship in Archaeometry and an NSF-CATTS Fellowship at the University of Arizona (to ACR). Sampling permits were granted graciously by the Bureau of Land Management and El Malpais National Monument. We thank Thanuj Chandran, Sasha Reed, Steve van der Hoven, and several anonymous reviewers for editorial handling and significant improvement of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 189 BP 574 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.029 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047XX UT WOS:000311875900065 ER PT J AU Brothers, LL Kelley, JT Belknap, DF Barnhardt, WA Andrews, BD Legere, C Clarke, JEH AF Brothers, Laura L. Kelley, Joseph T. Belknap, Daniel F. Barnhardt, Walter A. Andrews, Brian D. Legere, Christine Clarke, John E. Hughes TI Shallow stratigraphic control on pockmark distribution in north temperate estuaries SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pockmarks; Methane; Redoximorphic features; Swath bathymetry; Gulf of Maine; Bay of Fundy ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; BELFAST BAY; NORTHWESTERN GULF; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WESTERN GULF; MAINE; GAS; SEDIMENTS; FLOOR AB Pockmark fields occur throughout northern North American temperate estuaries despite the absence of extensive thermogenic hydrocarbon deposits typically associated with pockmarks. In such settings, the origins of the gas and triggering mechanism(s) responsible for pockmark formation are not obvious. Nor is it known why pockmarks proliferate in this region but do not occur south of the glacial terminus in eastern North America. This paper tests two hypotheses addressing these knowledge gaps: 1) the region's unique sea-level history provided a terrestrial deposit that sourced the gas responsible for pockmark formation: and 2) the region's physiography controls pockmarks distribution. This study integrates over 2500 km of high-resolution swath bathymetry, Chirp seismic reflection profiles and vibracore data acquired in three estuarine pockmark fields in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy. Vibracores sampled a hydric paleosol lacking the organic-rich upper horizons, indicating that an organic-rich terrestrial deposit was eroded prior to pockmark formation. This observation suggests that the gas, which is presumably responsible for the formation of the pockmarks, originated in Holocene estuarine sediments (loss on ignition 3.5-10%), not terrestrial deposits that were subsequently drowned and buried by mud. The 7470 pockmarks identified in this study are non-randomly clustered. Pockmark size and distribution relate to Holocene sediment thickness (r(2)=0.60), basin morphology and glacial deposits. The irregular underlying topography that dictates Holocene sediment thickness may ultimately play a more important role in temperate estuarine pockmark distribution than drowned terrestrial deposits. These results give insight into the conditions necessary for pockmark formation in nearshore coastal environments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brothers, Laura L.; Barnhardt, Walter A.; Andrews, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.; Kelley, Joseph T.; Belknap, Daniel F.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Legere, Christine; Clarke, John E. Hughes] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lbrothers@usgs.gov; jtkelley@maine.edu; Belknap@maine.edu; wbarnhardt@usgs.gov; bandrews@usgs.gov; chlegere@gmail.com; jhc@omg.unb.ca OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU Maine Economic Improvement Fund Dissertation Fellowship FX Graduate support for Brothers came from a Maine Economic Improvement Fund Dissertation Fellowship. We thank Wayne Baldwin, Emile Bergeron, Steve Brucker, Doug Cartwright, Bill Danforth, Dave Foster Travis Hamilton, Barry Irwin, Jim Leslie and James Muggah, for technical expertise. Randy Flood and the crew of the RV Argo Maine, Steve Dickson, Bob Johnson, Ashley Simpson, and Britt Gillman were central in vibracore collection and laboratory analysis. David Twichell, Jason Chaytor, Brian Todd and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 329 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.09.006 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 056QN UT WOS:000312506300004 ER PT J AU Cunningham, MA Johnson, DH AF Cunningham, Mary Ann Johnson, Douglas H. TI Habitat selection and ranges of tolerance: how do species differ beyond critical thresholds? SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Edge species; fragmentation; habitat preferences; habitat thresholds; interior species; landscape; LOESS; patch size; scale; tree cover ID BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; FOREST BIRDS; NORTH-DAKOTA; LANDSCAPE METRICS; AREA-SENSITIVITY; BOREAL FOREST; EDGE; SONGBIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; GRASSLAND AB Sensitivity to habitat fragmentation often has been examined in terms of thresholds in landscape composition at which a species is likely to occur. Observed thresholds often have been low or absent, however, leaving much unexplained about habitat selection beyond initial thresholds of occurrence, even for species with strong habitat preferences. We examined responses to varying amounts of tree cover, a widely influential measure of habitat loss, for 40 woodland bird species in a mixed woodland/grassland landscape in eastern North Dakota, USA. We used LOESS smoothing to describe incidence for each species at three scales: within 200, 400, and 1200 m around sample locations. For the 200-m scale, we also calculated the most-preferred range of tree cover (within which at least half of observations were predicted to occur) for each species. Only 10 of 40 species had occurrence thresholds greater than about 10% tree cover. After initial occurrence, species showed three general patterns: some increased monotonically with tree cover; some increased up to an asymptote; some peaked at intermediate amounts of tree cover and then declined. These patterns approximate selection for interior woodlands and for edge-rich environments, but incidence plots provide greater detail in landscape-scale selection than do those categories. For most species, patterns persisted at larger scales, but for some, larger scales had distinctly different patterns than local scales. Preferred ranges of tree cover varied from < 20% tree cover (common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula) to > 60% (veery, Catharus fuscescens). We conclude that incidence patterns provide more information on habitat selection than do threshold measures for most species: in particular, they differentiate species preferring concentrated woodlands from those preferring mixed landscapes, and they show contrasting degrees of selectiveness. [Correction added on 16 October 2012, after first online publication: the Abstract section has been reworded]. C1 [Cunningham, Mary Ann] Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cunningham, MA (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. EM macunningham@vassar.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Dakota Prairie Grasslands; U.S.D.A. Forest Service FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Dakota Prairie Grasslands.; We thank T.S. Finkle, B.R. Euliss, B. Stotts, and D. A. Svingen for assistance with this project. We appreciate comments from M. Ronsheim, J. Shaffer, and D. Pennington, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 2815 EP 2828 DI 10.1002/ece3.394 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055XX UT WOS:000312452400016 PM 23170216 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Looker, RE Yee, D Marvin-Di Pasquale, M Grenier, JL Austin, CM McKee, LJ Greenfield, BK Brodberg, R Blum, JD AF Davis, J. A. Looker, R. E. Yee, D. Marvin-Di Pasquale, M. Grenier, J. L. Austin, C. M. McKee, L. J. Greenfield, B. K. Brodberg, R. Blum, J. D. TI Reducing methylmercury accumulation in the food webs of San Francisco Bay and its local watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Mercury; San Francisco Bay; Management; Bioaccumulation ID MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FORSTERS TERNS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; JOAQUIN DELTA; HUDSON RIVER; SPACE USE; CALIFORNIA AB San Francisco Bay (California, USA) and its local watersheds present an interesting case study in estuarine mercury (Hg) contamination. This review focuses on the most promising avenues for attempting to reduce methylmercury (MeHg) contamination in Bay Area aquatic food webs and identifying the scientific information that is most urgently needed to support these efforts. Concern for human exposure to MeHg in the region has led to advisories for consumption of sport fish. Striped bass from the Bay have the highest average Hg concentration measured for this species in USA estuaries, and this degree of contamination has been constant for the past 40 years. Similarly, largemouth bass in some Bay Area reservoirs have some of the highest Hg concentrations observed in the entire US. Bay Area wildlife, particularly birds, face potential impacts to reproduction based on Hg concentrations in the tissues of several Bay species. Source control of Hg is one of the primary possible approaches for reducing MeHg accumulation in Bay Area aquatic food webs. Recent findings (particularly Hg isotope measurements) indicate that the decades-long residence time of particle-associated Hg in the Bay is sufficient to allow significant conversion of even the insoluble forms of Hg into MeHg. Past inputs have been thoroughly mixed throughout this shallow and dynamic estuary. The large pool of Hg already present in the ecosystem dominates the fraction converted to MeHg and accumulating in the food web. Consequently, decreasing external Hg inputs can be expected to reduce MeHg in the food web, but it will likely take many decades to centuries before those reductions are achieved. Extensive efforts to reduce loads from the largest Hg mining source (the historic New Almaden mining district) are underway. Hg is spread widely across the urban landscape, but there are a number of key sources, source areas, and pathways that provide opportunities to capture larger quantities of Hg and reduce loads from urban runoff. Atmospheric deposition is a lower priority for source control in the Bay Area due to a combination of a lack of major local sources. Internal net production of MeHg is the dominant source of MeHg that enters the food web. Controlling internal net production is the second primary management approach, and has the potential to reduce food web MeHg in some habitats more effectively and within a much shorter time-frame. Controlling net MeHg production and accumulation in the food web of upstream reservoirs and ponds is very promising due to the many features of these ecosystems that can be manipulated. The most feasible control options in tidal marshes relate to the design of flow patterns and subhabitats in restoration projects. Options for controlling MeHg production in open Bay habitat are limited due primarily to the highly dispersed distribution of Hg throughout the ecosystem. Other changes in these habitats may also have a large influence on food web MeHg, including temperature changes due to global warming, sea level rise, food web alterations due to introduced species and other causes, and changes in sediment supply. Other options for reducing or mitigating exposure and risk include controlling bioaccumulation, cleanup of contaminated sites, and reducing other factors (e.g., habitat availability) that limit at-risk wildlife populations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, J. A.; Yee, D.; Grenier, J. L.; McKee, L. J.; Greenfield, B. K.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Looker, R. E.; Austin, C. M.] San Francisco Bay Reg Water Qual Control Board, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Marvin-Di Pasquale, M.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brodberg, R.] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Calif Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Blum, J. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), San Francisco Estuary Inst, 4911 Cent Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jay@sfei.org RI Greenfield, Ben/A-2029-2015 OI Greenfield, Ben/0000-0003-1038-7635 FU NIH from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES007373]; Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary FX This publication was made possible by NIH Grant Number P42 ES007373 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH.. Funding was also provided by the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary. NR 152 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 118 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 119 SI SI BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2012.10.002 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 054NV UT WOS:000312351400002 PM 23122771 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Le Corre, L O'Brien, DP Nathues, A Cloutis, EA Durda, DD Bottke, WF Bhatt, MU Nesvorny, D Buczkowski, D Scully, JEC Palmer, EM Sierks, H Mann, PJ Becker, KJ Beck, AW Mittlefehldt, D Li, JY Gaskell, R Russell, CT Gaffey, MJ McSween, HY McCord, TB Combe, JP Blewett, D AF Reddy, Vishnu Le Corre, Lucille O'Brien, David P. Nathues, Andreas Cloutis, Edward A. Durda, Daniel D. Bottke, William F. Bhatt, Megha U. Nesvorny, David Buczkowski, Debra Scully, Jennifer E. C. Palmer, Elizabeth M. Sierks, Holger Mann, Paul J. Becker, Kris J. Beck, Andrew W. Mittlefehldt, David Li, Jian-Yang Gaskell, Robert Russell, Christopher T. Gaffey, Michael J. McSween, Harry Y. McCord, Thomas B. Combe, Jean-Philippe Blewett, David TI Delivery of dark material to Vesta via carbonaceous chondritic impacts SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroid Vesta; Asteroids, Composition; Mineralogy; Spectroscopy ID ASTEROID 4 VESTA; SOLAR-SYSTEM; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; PARENT BODY; ORIGIN; SURFACE; HETEROGENEITY; MINERALOGY; 4-VESTA; CLASTS AB NASA's Dawn spacecraft observations of Asteroid (4) Vesta reveal a surface with the highest albedo and color variation of any asteroid we have observed so far. Terrains rich in low albedo dark material (DM) have been identified using Dawn Framing Camera (FC) 0.75 mu m filter images in several geologic settings: associated with impact craters (in the ejecta blanket material and/or on the crater walls and rims); as flow-like deposits or rays commonly associated with topographic highs; and as dark spots (likely secondary impacts) nearby impact craters. This DM could be a relic of ancient volcanic activity or exogenic in origin. We report that the majority of the spectra of DM are similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites mixed with materials indigenous to Vesta. Using high-resolution seven color images we compared DM color properties (albedo, band depth) with laboratory measurements of possible analog materials. Band depth and albedo of DM are identical to those of carbonaceous chondrite xenolith-rich howardite Mt. Pratt (PRA) 04401: Laboratory mixtures of Murchison CM2 carbonaceous chondrite and basaltic eucrite Millbillillie also show band depth and albedo affinity to DM. Modeling of carbonaceous chondrite abundance in DM (1-6 vol.%) is consistent with howardite meteorites. We find no evidence for large-scale volcanism (exposed dikes/pyroclastic falls) as the source of DM. Our modeling efforts using impact crater scaling laws and numerical models of ejecta reaccretion suggest the delivery and emplacement of this DM on Vesta during the formation of the similar to 400 km Veneneia basin by a low-velocity (<2 km/s) carbonaceous impactor. This discovery is important because it strengthens the long-held idea that primitive bodies are the source of carbon and probably volatiles in the early Solar System. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille; Nathues, Andreas; Bhatt, Megha U.; Sierks, Holger] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [O'Brien, David P.; Gaskell, Robert] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cloutis, Edward A.; Mann, Paul J.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Durda, Daniel D.; Bottke, William F.; Nesvorny, David] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Buczkowski, Debra; Blewett, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Scully, Jennifer E. C.; Palmer, Elizabeth M.; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beck, Andrew W.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Mittlefehldt, David] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX USA. [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McSween, Harry Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [McCord, Thomas B.; Combe, Jean-Philippe] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM reddy@mps.mpg.de RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015; OI Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932; Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491 FU Max Planck Society; German Space Agency, DLR; Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program [NNX10AR22G]; CFI; MRIF; CSA; University of Winnipeg FX We thank the Dawn team for the development, cruise, orbital insertion, and operations of the Dawn spacecraft at Vesta. The Framing Camera project is financially supported by the Max Planck Society and the German Space Agency, DLR. We also thank the Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program (NNX10AR22G) for funding the research. Dawn data is archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. EAC thanks CFI, MRIF, CSA, and the University of Winnipeg for support of this project and the necessary infrastructure. We thank Paul Buchanan (Kilgore College) and Tom Burbine (Mt Holyoke College) for their helpful reviews to improve the manuscript. VR would like to thank Richard Binzel (MIT), Rhiannon Mayne (TCU), and Guneshwar Thangjam (MPS) for their helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 61 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 221 IS 2 BP 544 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055RL UT WOS:000312434300007 ER PT J AU Ore, CMD Cruikshank, DP Clark, RN AF Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle Cruikshank, Dale P. Clark, Roger N. TI Infrared spectroscopic characterization of the low-albedo materials on Iapetus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Iapetus; Satellites, Composition; Satellites, Surfaces; Saturn, Satellites; Spectroscopy ID SATURNS MOON PHOEBE; MAPPING SPECTROMETER; IRREGULAR SATELLITES; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; DARK MATERIAL; SOLAR-SYSTEM; CASSINI VIMS; MU-M; HYPERION; SPECTRA AB Iapetus, one of the large satellites of Saturn, has been studied over the centuries for its signature brightness contrast, light on one side and dark on the opposite. It has recently been suggested that the dark material is a combination of native and exogenous materials with distinct histories. We present an analysis of parts of the Cassini Regio, the darkest region on the leading hemisphere of Iapetus, focusing on the hydrocarbon signature with a view to detect and investigate differences in the material(s). We find variations in the hydrocarbon bands with geographic location, one type predominantly located on the leading hemisphere. A comparison with the equivalent spectral features on Phoebe and -Iyperion reveals a predictable resemblance between the leading hemisphere material and Phoebe and an unexpected likeness between Hyperion's darkest material and Iapetus trailing hemisphere surface. An analysis of the slope in the visible part of the spectrum is strongly affected by a rise in the continuum (similar to 0.35-0.65 mu m) attributed to Rayleigh scattering from nano-size particles on the surface. The continuum rise varies in strength with the albedo and H2O ice content, and when it is properly accounted for, the overall slope in all the identified spectral units is the same over the interval 0.35-2.3 mu m, independent of albedo or ice abundance. The interpretation of current and previous results offers two different scenarios illustrated by the presence of one vs. two dark materials distributed over the Iapetus surface. We describe the scenarios and their implications. The appearance of the aromatic and aliphatic absorption bands together in their measured relative strengths makes this spectral signature unique, and thus enables the comparison among the three satellites. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle; Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ore, Cristina Morea Dalle] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ore, CMD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Cristina.M.DalleOre@nasa.gov FU Cassini Science Team funding; NASA [NNX11AN90G] FX We thank Drs. J.A. Mosher and Bonnie J. Buratti for making available the Phoebe mosaic. D.P.C. acknowledges support from Cassini Science Team funding.; C.D.O. acknowledges support from NASA Grant NNX11AN90G. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 221 IS 2 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.010 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055RL UT WOS:000312434300023 ER PT J AU Sotin, C Lawrence, KJ Reinhardt, B Barnes, JW Brown, RH Hayes, AG Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Soderblom, JM Soderblom, LA Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Jaumann, R Nicholson, PD Stephan, K AF Sotin, C. Lawrence, K. J. Reinhardt, B. Barnes, J. W. Brown, R. H. Hayes, A. G. Le Mouelic, S. Rodriguez, S. Soderblom, J. M. Soderblom, L. A. Baines, K. H. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Jaumann, R. Nicholson, P. D. Stephan, K. TI Observations of Titan's Northern lakes at 5 mu m: Implications for the organic cycle and geology SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Titan hydrology; Titan atmosphere; Organic chemistry; Exobiology ID HUYGENS LANDING SITE; HYDROCARBON LAKES; METHANE CYCLE; CASSINI VIMS; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; RADAR; ETHANE; MODEL; HAZE AB Since Titan entered Northern spring in August 2009, the North Pole has been illuminated allowing observations at optical wavelengths. On June 5, 2010 the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft observed the Northern Pole area with a pixel size from 3 to 7 km. Since, as we demonstrate, little of the solar flux at 5 pm is scattered by the atmosphere, these observations were obtained at relatively large incidence angles and allowed us to build a mosaic covering an area of more than 500,000 km(2) that overlaps and complements observations made by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in 2007. We find that there is an excellent correlation between the shape of the radar dark area, known as Ligeia Mare and the VIMS 5-mu m dark unit. Matching most of the radar shoreline, the 2010 VIMS observations suggest that the 125,000-km(2) surface area of Ligeia Mare measured by RADAR in 2007 has not significantly changed. The VIMS observations complement the radar observations to the west of Ligeia Mare and suggest that Ligeia Mare is connected to Kraken Mare by either a diffuse network similar to a swamp area, or by well-defined, sub-pixel rivers. Considering the results of recent evaporation models of methane, our preferred interpretation of the relative constancy in surface area of Ligeia is that it is principally composed of ethane although we cannot rule out the possibility that methane evaporation is balanced with replenishment by either precipitation or underground seepage. There is also strong correlation between the location of the small radar lakes and the small VIMS 5-mu m dark patches. The geographic location of the small lakes are within a VIMS pixel of the SAR location, suggesting that the non-synchronous component of Titan's spin rate, if it exists, was less than 2.3 x 10(-4) deg/day between 2007 and 2010 in agreement with the recent T64 radar observations. These observations question the existence of non-synchronous rotation. Two radar-bright features appear dark at 5-mu m. The simplest interpretation is that these are very shallow lakes, less than one meter deep. Three new small lakes, named Freeman, Cardiel, and Towada by the IAU, are found outside of the area mapped with the SAR. A single-scattering model describing reflection of sunlight at 5-mu m suggests that the lake surface is mirror-like and that the albedo of the solid surfaces surrounding the lakes is about 8%. These observations together with information of the haze aerosols allow us to show that Titan's lakes, atmospheric ethane and aerosol haze are smaller carbon reservoirs than Titan's sand dunes and atmospheric methane. A simple model involving an outburst of methane a few hundreds of Myr ago followed by the dissociation of methane in the atmosphere leading to the formation of the haze particles that constitute the dune fields would be consistent with both the present observations and recent measurements of isotopic ratios in atmospheric methane (Mandt, K.E. et al. [2012]. Astrophys. J. 749(160), 14). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sotin, C.; Lawrence, K. J.; Reinhardt, B.; Hayes, A. G.; Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Soderblom, J. M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR 6112, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Rodriguez, S.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, CEA Saclay, DSM,IRFU,SAp,Lab AIM, F-75221 Paris 05, France. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sotin, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Christophe.sotin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute; JPL RTD program; NASA FX We thank the VIMS Operations and Science Teams for their dedication in implementing the observations. Reviews by Ellen Stofan and an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged. CS acknowledges support by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the JPL R&TD program. This work has been performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. NR 64 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 221 IS 2 BP 768 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.017 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055RL UT WOS:000312434300026 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Zhao, Z Huang, GM Lu, Z AF Zhang, Jixian Zhao, Zheng Huang, Guoman Lu, Zhong TI CASMSAR: An Integrated Airborne SAR Mapping System SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY C1 [Zhang, Jixian; Zhao, Zheng; Huang, Guoman] Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Zheng] Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Beijing, Peoples R China. FU Zhong-Fei General Aviation Corporation, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS) [38]; Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation [CETC 38]; Wuhan University; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CEODE); National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863 Program") [2011AA120401] FX Many thanks to the collaboration, support and help provided by Zhong-Fei General Aviation Corporation, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS), No.38 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC 38), Wuhan University, and Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CEODE). The research summarized in this paper was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863 Program") (Grant No.2011AA120401). NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1110 EP 1114 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 036VC UT WOS:000311059300001 ER PT J AU Wood, TE Cavaleri, MA Reed, SC AF Wood, Tana E. Cavaleri, Molly A. Reed, Sasha C. TI Tropical forest carbon balance in a warmer world: a critical review spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale processes SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE biogeochemical cycling; carbon flux; carbon stocks; climate change; ecosystem processes; global warming; temperature; temperature threshold; tipping point; tropical forest ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ROOT-RHIZOSPHERE RESPIRATION; BRAZILIAN RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; GLOBAL CHANGE; LEAF-LITTER; COSTA-RICA; CO2 EFFLUX; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AB Tropical forests play a major role in regulating global carbon (C) fluxes and stocks, and even small changes to C cycling in this productive biome could dramatically affect atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Temperature is expected to increase over all land surfaces in the future, yet we have a surprisingly poor understanding of how tropical forests will respond to this significant climatic change. Here we present a contemporary synthesis of the existing data and what they suggest about how tropical forests will respond to increasing temperatures. Our goals were to: (i) determine whether there is enough evidence to support the conclusion that increased temperature will affect tropical forest C balance; (ii) if there is sufficient evidence, determine what direction this effect will take; and, (iii) establish what steps should to be taken to resolve the uncertainties surrounding tropical forest responses to increasing temperatures. We approach these questions from a mass-balance perspective and therefore focus primarily on the effects of temperature on inputs and outputs of C, spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale responses. We found that, while there is the strong potential for temperature to affect processes related to C cycling and storage in tropical forests, a notable lack of data combined with the physical, biological and chemical diversity of the forests themselves make it difficult to resolve this issue with certainty. We suggest a variety of experimental approaches that could help elucidate how tropical forests will respond to warming, including large-scale in situ manipulation experiments, longer term field experiments, the incorporation of a range of scales in the investigation of warming effects (both spatial and temporal), as well as the inclusion of a diversity of tropical forest sites. Finally, we highlight areas of tropical forest research where notably few data are available, including temperature effects on: nutrient cycling, heterotrophic versus autotrophic respiration, thermal acclimation versus substrate limitation of plant and microbial communities, below-ground C allocation, species composition (plant and microbial), and the hydraulic architecture of roots. Whether or not tropical forests will become a source or a sink of C in a warmer world remains highly uncertain. Given the importance of these ecosystems to the global C budget, resolving this uncertainty is a primary research priority. C1 [Wood, Tana E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cavaleri, Molly A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Wood, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM wood.tana@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry FX We gratefully acknowledge M. G. Ryan, S.J. Van Bloem, A. E. Lugo, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and edits on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry. NR 145 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 19 U2 220 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 4 BP 912 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 015AK UT WOS:000309416900010 PM 22607308 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Chopra, AK AF Kalkan, Erol Chopra, Anil K. TI Evaluation of Modal Pushover-Based Sealing of One Component of Ground Motion: Tall Buildings SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY MEASURES; NEAR-SOURCE AB Nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) is now increasingly used for performance-based seismic design of tall buildings. Required for nonlinear RHAs is a set of ground motions selected and scaled appropriately so that analysis results would be accurate (unbiased) and efficient (having relatively small dispersion). This paper evaluates accuracy and efficiency of recently developed modal pushover based scaling (MPS) method to scale ground motions for tall buildings. The procedure presented explicitly considers structural strength and is based on the standard intensity measure (IM) of spectral acceleration in a form convenient for evaluating existing structures or proposed designs for new structures. Based on results presented for two actual buildings (19 and 52 stories, respectively), it is demonstrated that the MPS procedure provided a highly accurate estimate of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs), accompanied by significantly reduced record-to-record variability of the responses. In addition, the MPS procedure is shown to be superior to the scaling procedure specified in the ASCE/SEI 7-05 document. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000091] C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chopra, Anil K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; chopra@ce.berkeley.edu FU Earthquake Engineering Research Institute FX Erol Kalkan would like to acknowledge the generous support of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute for providing him the 2008 EERI/FEMA NEHRP Professional Fellowship in Earthquake Hazard Reduction to pursue a research to develop Practical Guidelines to Select and Scale Earthquake Records for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Structures. Complete report of this study is available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1068/. This paper is a sequel to our earlier work. Readers are referred also to the MPS Web site (http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/MPS/index.html) for all essential computer codes to scale ground motion records according to the MPS procedure, and an example three-dimensional OpenSees model. Lastly, special thanks are extended to Drs. Ayhan Irfanoglu, Curt Haselton, Tony Yang, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1469 EP 1493 DI 10.1193/1.4000091 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 052VR UT WOS:000312227700008 ER PT J AU Flint, AL Ellett, KM Christensen, AH Martin, P AF Flint, Alan L. Ellett, Kevin M. Christensen, Allen H. Martin, Peter TI Modeling a Thick Unsaturated Zone at San Gorgonio Pass, California: Lessons Learned after Five Years of Artificial Recharge SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Approximately 3.8 million cubic meters of surface water was applied to spreading ponds from 2003-2007 to artificially recharge the underlying aquifer through a 200-meter thick unsaturated zone in the San Gorgonio Pass area in southern California. A study was conducted between 1997 and 2003, and a numerical model was developed to help determine the suitability of the site for artificial recharge. Ongoing monitoring results indicated that the existing model needed to be modified and recalibrated to more accurately predict artificial recharge at the site. The objective of this work was to recalibrate the model by using observation of the application rates, the rise and fall of the water level above a perching layer, and the approximate arrival time to the water table during the 5-yr monitoring period following initiation of long-term artificial recharge. Continuous monitoring of soil-matric potential, temperature, and water levels beneath the site indicated that artificial recharge reached the underlying water table between 3.75 and 4.5 yr after the initial application of the recharge water. The model was modified to allow the simulation to more adequately match the perching layer dynamics and the time of arrival at the water table. The instrumentation also showed that the lag time between changes in application of water at the surface and the response at the perching layer decreased from about 4 mo to less than 1 mo due to the wet-up of the unsaturated zone and the increase in relative permeability. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of iteratively monitoring and modeling the unsaturated zone in layered alluvial systems in the context of artificial recharge. They show that adequate geologic and hydraulic-property data on perching layers are critical to success. Continuous monitoring in the unsaturated and saturated zones beneath a site provides data to develop and constrain numerical models, better understand local unsaturated zone process, manage artificial recharge operations, and to determine the timing and volume of recoverable water for consumptive use. C1 [Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ellett, Kevin M.] Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Christensen, Allen H.; Martin, Peter] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Flint, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM aflint@usgs.gov FU The Sari Gorgonio Pass Water Agency and Jeff Davis FX The Sari Gorgonio Pass Water Agency and Jeff Davis, General Manager, supported this work and provided the water application data used in the numerical simulation and three anonymous reviewers. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0043 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050VI UT WOS:000312082000039 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR AF Nimmo, John R. TI Response to "Comments on 'Theory for Source-Responsive and Free-Surface Film Modeling of Unsaturated Flow'" SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0044 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050VI UT WOS:000312082000040 ER PT J AU Robertson, BA Rice, RA Sillett, TS Ribic, CA Babcock, BA Landis, DA Herkert, JR Fletcher, RJ Fontaine, JJ Doran, PJ Schemske, DW AF Robertson, Bruce A. Rice, Robert A. Sillett, T. Scott Ribic, Christine A. Babcock, Bruce A. Landis, Douglas A. Herkert, James R. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Fontaine, Joseph J. Doran, Patrick J. Schemske, Douglas W. TI ARE AGROFUELS A CONSERVATION THREAT OR OPPORTUNITY FOR GRASSLAND BIRDS IN THE UNITED STATES? SO CONDOR LA English DT Review DE biofuels; biodiversity; cellulosic ethanol; Conservation Reserve Program; prairie; switchgrass ID REED CANARY-GRASS; RESERVE PROGRAM; BIOMASS ENERGY; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; HARVESTING SWITCHGRASS; FARMLAND BIODIVERSITY; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; AREA SENSITIVITY; BREEDING BIRDS AB In the United States, government-mandated growth in the production of crops dedicated to bionic! (agrofuels) is predicted to increase the demands on existing agricultural lands, potentially threatening the persistence of populations of grassland birds they support. We review recently published literature and datasets to ( 1) examine the ability of alternative agrofuel crops and their management regimes to provide habitat for grassland birds, (2) determine how crop placement in agricultural landscapes and agrofuel-related land-use change will affect grassland birds, and (3) identify critical research and policy-development needs associated with agrofuel production. We find that native perennial plants proposed as feedstock for agrofuel (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, and mixed grass-forb prairie) have considerable potential to provide new habitat to a wide range of grassland birds, including rare and threatened species. However, industrialization of agrofuel production that maximizes biomass, homogenizes vegetation structure, and results in the cultivation of small fields within largely forested landscapes is likely to reduce species richness and/or abundance of grassland-dependent birds. Realizing the potential benefits of agrofuel production for grassland birds' conservation will require the development of new policies that encourage agricultural practices specifically targeting the needs of grassland specialists. The broad array of grower-incentive programs in existence may deliver new agrofuel policies effectively but will require coordination at a spatial scale broader than currently practiced, preferably within an adaptive-management framework. C1 [Robertson, Bruce A.; Rice, Robert A.; Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Robertson, Bruce A.; Landis, Douglas A.; Schemske, Douglas W.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Robertson, Bruce A.] Bard Coll, Div Sci Math & Comp, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Babcock, Bruce A.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Landis, Douglas A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Herkert, James R.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Doran, Patrick J.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. RP Robertson, BA (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM broberts@bard.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 FU DOE Office of Science [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S. National Science Foundation LTER program [DEB 1027253]; MSU AgBioResearch; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Migratory Bird Joint Ventures Midwest Region [30181AG045]; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Nature Conservancy's Great Lakes Fund FX Financial support for this work was provided by the DOE Office of Science (DE-FC02-07ER64494) and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-AC05-76RL01830), the U.S. National Science Foundation LTER program (DEB 1027253), MSU AgBioResearch, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Joint Ventures Midwest Region grant 30181AG045. Bruce Robertson was supported by a fellowship from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. Patrick Doran was supported by The Nature Conservancy's Great Lakes Fund for Partnership in Conservation Science and Economics. NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 58 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110136 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700001 ER PT J AU Ruth, JM Diehl, RH Felix, RK AF Ruth, Janet M. Diehl, Robert H. Felix, Rodney K., Jr. TI MIGRATING BIRDS' USE OF STOPOVER HABITAT IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE bird migration; borderlands; radar; Southwest; stopover habitat use ID FREE-TAILED BATS; NEW-MEXICO; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; LANDBIRD MIGRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-WORLD; RADAR; PATTERNS; RIPARIAN AB In the arid Southwest, migratory birds are known to use riparian stopover habitats; we know less about how migrants use other habitat types during migratory stopover. Using radar data and satellite land-cover data, we determined the habitats with which birds are associated during migration stopover. Bird densities differed significantly by habitat type at all sites in at least one season. In parts of Arizona and New Mexico upland forest supported high densities of migrants, especially in fall. Developed habitat, in areas with little upland forest, also supported high densities of migrants. Scrub/shrub and grassland habitats supported low to intermediate densities, but because these habitat types dominate the Southwestern landscape, they may provide stopover habitat for larger numbers of migratory birds than previously recognized. These results are complicated by continuing challenges related to target identity (i.e., distinguishing among birds, arthropods and bats). Our results suggest that it is too simplistic to (1) consider the arid West as a largely inhospitable landscape in which there are only relatively small oases of habitat that provide the resources needed by all migrants, (2) think of western riparian and upland forests as supporting the majority of migrants in all cases, and (3) consider a particular habitat unimportant for stopover solely on the basis of low densities of migrants. C1 [Ruth, Janet M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.; Felix, Rodney K., Jr.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Ruth, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM janet_ruth@usgs.gov FU USGS Science Support Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 Migratory Bird Office; Sonoran Joint Venture; Lannan Foundation FX This research was funded jointly by the USGS Science Support Program, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 Migratory Bird Office, the Sonoran Joint Venture, and the Lannan Foundation. The University of Wyoming provided radiosonde data. Barbara French at Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX, provided information regarding bat colonies and the phenology of the Mexican Free-tailed Bat in our study area, and Paul Cryan and Ernest Valdez at the USGS's Fort Collins Science Center provided additional insight into bat movements in the Southwest. We also thank the Fort Collins Science Center and University of Southern Mississippi Migratory Bird Group for general support with this research. We thank J. Carlisle, D. Bonter, and several anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 48 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 698 EP 710 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.120020 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700003 ER PT J AU Stolen, ED Collazo, JA Percival, HF AF Stolen, Eric D. Collazo, Jaime A. Percival, H. Franklin TI GROUP-FORAGING EFFECTS ON CAPTURE RATE IN WADING BIRDS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE aggregation; foraging success; Great Egret; group foraging; Snowy Egret; social-facilitation hypothesis; Tricolored Heron ID INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; JERSEY SALT-MARSH; EGRETS EGRETTA-GARZETTA; MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; SNOWY EGRETS; GREAT EGRETS; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; PATCH ESTIMATION AB Group foraging is common among wading birds, and the reasons why individuals forage in groups are of theoretical and practical interest. Although aggregations of foraging wading birds usually form within patches of high-quality habitat, individual wading birds can sometimes increase success by foraging near others. We investigated the hypothesis that individuals derive a benefit from foraging in groups separate from benefits due to habitat quality. We measured the capture rates of birds foraging solitarily and in groups at foraging sites and paired unused sites and used generalized linear mixed models and information-theoretic model selection to access the evidence that individuals increase their foraging success when foraging in groups. The capture rate of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) in groups was higher, supporting the hypothesis that individuals benefit from the presence of other foragers. This rate was highest in intermediate-sized groups but tapered off in larger groups, suggesting that interference competition limits success. Tricolored Herons (Egretta tricolor) showed a similar but less statistically precise pattern. Contrary to expectation, the capture rate of Snowy Egrets (E. thula) foraging alone was higher than that of those in groups. Although fish abundance was greater at used than at unused sites, and at sites with groups than at sites with individuals, we did not detect an effect of prey density on capture rate, probably because prey density was fairly high at all sites studied. Our study adds to the evidence for a direct benefit to individuals due to the presence of other foragers in aggregations. C1 [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stolen, ED (reprint author), Ecol Programs, Mail Code 1HA-300, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM eric.d.stolen@nasa.gov FU NASA [NAS10-02001] FX W. Knott III (retired), chief of the Biological Sciences Branch, B. Summerfield, chief of center operations, and K. Gorman at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, provided support during all phases of this study. G. Brown, G. Carter, M. Erwin, P. Frederick, W. Kitchens, and C. Montague provided helpful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. We acknowledge the staff of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge for granting permission for this work on the refuge. This study was conducted under NASA contract NAS10-02001. This is contribution 9 from the Wetlands Initiative at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 57 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 744 EP 754 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110159 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700008 ER PT J AU Briggs, CW Collopy, MW Woodbridge, B AF Briggs, Christopher W. Collopy, Michael W. Woodbridge, Brian TI CORRELATES AND FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF NATAL DISPERSAL IN SWAINSON'S HAWKS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Buteo swainsoni; fitness; lifetime reproductive success; territory quality ID TERRITORY QUALITY; MAMMALS; PHILOPATRY; BIRDS; COMPETITION; CALIFORNIA; TIT AB Natal dispersal is an important, yet often poorly studied, process in population ecology. Natal dispersal can affect population structure and individual fitness. We examined correlates of natal dispersal distances of a population of Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) in northern California that has been monitored from 1979 to 2010. We examined the effects of sex, number of offspring fledged, population density, primary productivity around a nest site, and annual trends on dispersal from the natal site to the breeding site of individuals recruited into the breeding population. Female Swainson's Hawks dispersed farther than males. Natal dispersal was negatively correlated with primary productivity and was positively correlated with population density around the nest site. We found no correlation between natal dispersal distance and lifetime reproductive success of those individuals recruited into the breeding population, indicating no fitness costs of increased dispersal. We examined the potential genetic contributions to dispersal distance by examining differences in dispersal distance between full siblings. We found that the dispersal difference between siblings was significantly more similar than would be expected by chance. However, we detected no relationships between paternal or maternal natal dispersal distances and natal dispersal of offspring, although sample sizes were limited. We conclude that observed similarities in siblings' natal dispersal distance were likely a result of similarities in unmeasured environmental variables rather than of a genetic mechanism of natal dispersal. Perinatal conditions seemed to have significant effects on distances offspring dispersed, but increased natal dispersal had no apparent consequences on fitness. C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Golden Gate Raptor Observ, Bldg 1064, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM CBriggs@parksconservancy.org FU Goosenest Ranger District; California Department of Fish and Game FX We are grateful to the numerous technicians and funding agencies that kept this project going far over 30 years. In particular, we thank C. Cheyne and T. Seager, for assistance in the field and with logistics, and the Goosenest Ranger District and California Department of Fish and Game for funding for this project. We thank the private landowners in and around the study area, without whose support and encouragement this project could not function; particularly we thank Prather Ranch and DonLo Ranch. We thank the Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology peer-review group at the University of Nevada. Reno, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Nevada, Reno (approval no. 00115). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 32 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 764 EP 770 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.120034 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700010 ER PT J AU Miller, SL Raphael, MG Falxa, GA Strong, C Baldwin, J Bloxton, T Galleher, BM Lance, M Lynch, D Pearson, SF Ralph, CJ Young, RD AF Miller, Sherri L. Raphael, Martin G. Falxa, Gary A. Strong, Craig Baldwin, Jim Bloxton, Thomas Galleher, Beth M. Lance, Monique Lynch, Deanna Pearson, Scott F. Ralph, C. John Young, Richard D. TI RECENT POPULATION DECLINE OF THE MARBLED MURRELET IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; Marbled Murrelet; Northwest Forest Plan; old-growth forest; population decline; population trends; seabird ID THREATENED SEABIRD; ENDANGERED SEABIRD; NEST PREDATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPHIC LEVEL; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION; CAMPGROUNDS; PREY AB We document here a decline of nearly 30% in the Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population of Washington, Oregon, and northern California between 2000 and 2010. The Northwest Forest Plan is an ecosystem-management plan for federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest of the United States that incorporates monitoring to determine if species' conservation objectives are met. To evaluate the plan's effectiveness in conserving populations of the murrelet, a species associated with older, late-successional forests, we estimated the murrelet's density in near-shore marine waters of Washington. Oregon, and northern California south to San Francisco Bay. We sampled annually, using line transects and distance estimation. We divided the study area of about 8800 km(2) into five geographic subareas corresponding to existing murrelet-conservation zones. Annual population estimates for the plan ranged from an estimated 23 700 (95% CI: 18 300 to 29 000) birds in 2002 to a low of 16 700 (95% CI: 13 100 to 20 300) in 2010, representing an average rate of decline of 3.7% annually (95% CI: -4.8 to -2.7%) from 2001 to 2010. This annual rate suggests a total decline of about 29% during this period. We documented downward trends for Washington (conservation zone 1) and for the outer coast of Washington (conservation zone 2). These declines coincide with reductions in the amount of nesting habitat. Further research to evaluate the potential marine and terrestrial factors responsible for the declines is planned. C1 [Miller, Sherri L.; Ralph, C. John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Raphael, Martin G.; Bloxton, Thomas; Galleher, Beth M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Falxa, Gary A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Strong, Craig] Crescent Coastal Res, Crescent City, CA 95531 USA. [Baldwin, Jim] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lance, Monique; Pearson, Scott F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. [Lynch, Deanna] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Div Listing & Recovery, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Young, Richard D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, Ecol Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Miller, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM sherrilmiller@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region; U.S. Forest Services' Pacific Southwest Research Station and Pacific Southwest Region; Bureau of Land Management's Arcata Field Office; Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife; California Department of Fish and Game; Pacific Lumber Company FX This work would not have been possible without the assistance of a large number of people who contributed to the population-monitoring program. We particularly thank the many crew members who conducted the population surveys at sea over the years, often under difficult conditions. Naomi Bentivoglio, Patrick Jodice, and Mark Huff provided leadership for the Plan's murrelet monitoring program in the earlier years. Funding and other support for this work was provided by several offices and programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, by the U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, the U.S. Forest Services' Pacific Southwest Research Station and Pacific Southwest Region, the Bureau of Land Management's Arcata Field Office, the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the Pacific Lumber Company. This paper benefited from comments by Robert Ronconi, M. Zachariah Peery, William Ritchie, and Ayn Shlisky. Ana Bertoldi provided the Spanish translation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 63 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2012 VL 114 IS 4 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110084 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 048AN UT WOS:000311882700011 ER PT J AU Bowker, J AF Bowker, Jim TI The Untold Story of Bob Piper - AFS Honorary Member SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material AB Bob Piper was recently awarded honorary membership to our society. He had intended to attend the plenary session to personally accept this award and entertain us with a story about his introduction to the society. Unfortunately, Bob could not make the meeting to share this story with us. Not to be denied, here is his story (as told to U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service employee and American Fisheries Society member Jim Bowker). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Bowker, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT USA. EM Jim_Bowker@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 11 BP 514 EP 514 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.731896 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 048QZ UT WOS:000311928900007 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, J AF Schaeffer, Jeff TI Needlefish SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schaeffer, J (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Jschaeffer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 11 BP 515 EP 515 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.731911 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 048QZ UT WOS:000311928900008 ER PT J AU Thorne, KM Takekawa, JY Elliott-Fisk, DL AF Thorne, Karen M. Takekawa, John Y. Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L. TI Ecological Effects of Climate Change on Salt Marsh Wildlife: A Case Study from a Highly Urbanized Estuary SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE California; California clapper rail; coastal; conservation; endangered; salt marsh harvest mouse; San Francisco Bay; sea-level rise; storms ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TIDAL-MARSH; HOME-RANGE; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; WETLAND VEGETATION; GLOBAL TEMPERATURE; HABITAT SELECTION AB Thorne, KM.; Takekawa, J.Y., and Elliott-Fisk, D.L., 2012. Ecological effects of climate change on salt marsh wildlife: A case study from a highly urbanized estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(6), 1477-1487. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal areas are high-risk zones subject to the impacts of global climate change, with significant increases in the frequencies of extreme weather and storm events, and sea-level rise forecast by 2100. These physical processes are expected to alter estuaries, resulting in loss of intertidal wetlands and their component wildlife species. In particular, impacts to salt marshes and their wildlife will vary both temporally and spatially and may be irreversible and severe. Synergistic effects caused by combining stressors with anthropogenic land-use patterns could create areas of significant biodiversity loss and extinction, especially in urbanized estuaries that are already heavily degraded. In this paper, we discuss current ideas, challenges, and concerns regarding the maintenance of salt marshes and their resident wildlife in light of future climate conditions. We suggest that many salt marsh habitats are already impaired and are located where upslope transgression is restricted, resulting in reduction and loss of these habitats in the future. In addition, we conclude that increased inundation frequency and water depth will have negative impacts on the demography of small or isolated wildlife meta-populations as well as their community interactions. We illustrate our points with a case study on the Pacific Coast of North America at San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge in California, an area that supports endangered wildlife species reliant on salt marshes for all aspects of their life histories. C1 [Thorne, Karen M.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Thorne, Karen M.; Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thorne, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM kthorne@usgs.gov; john_takekawa@usgs.gov; dlelliottfisk@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change Wildlife Science Center; University of California, Davis, Geography Graduate Group FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change Wildlife Science Center, and University of California, Davis, Geography Graduate Group for support. San Pablo Bay studies were conducted in cooperation with the San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuges (C. Smith, D. Brubaker, L. Terrazas), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Branch (G. Block, K. Laing), and California Landscape Conservation Cooperative (D. Schlafmann, R. Fris). We thank P. Elsen for figure and manuscript assistance. Helpful review comments were provided by L. Terrazas, K. Spragens, K. Buffington, V. Bui, S. Jones, N. Athearn, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 154 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 17 U2 188 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1477 EP 1487 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00136.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 047WV UT WOS:000311873100013 ER PT J AU Spaulding, SA Jewson, DH Bixby, RJ Nelson, H McKnight, DM AF Spaulding, Sarah A. Jewson, David H. Bixby, Rebecca J. Nelson, Harry McKnight, Diane M. TI Automated measurement of diatom size SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; FLOWCAM; SILICA; SEX; SEDIMENTATION; PRODUCTIVITY; EVOLUTIONARY; DISSOLUTION; ASSEMBLAGES; OCEAN AB Size analysis of diatom populations has not been widely considered, but it is a potentially powerful tool for understanding diatom life histories, population dynamics, and phylogenetic relationships. However, measuring cell dimensions on a light microscope is a time-consuming process. An alternative technique has been developed using digital flow cytometry on a FlowCAM(R) (Fluid Imaging Technologies) to capture hundreds, or even thousands, of images of a chosen taxon from a single sample in a matter of minutes. Up to 30 morphological measures may be quantified through post-processing of the high resolution images. We evaluated FlowCAM size measurements, comparing them against measurements from a light microscope. We found good agreement between measurement of apical cell length in species with elongated, straight valves, including small Achnanthidium minutissimum (11-21 mu m) and large Didymosphenia geminata (87-137 mu m) forms. However, a taxon with curved cells, Hannaea baicalensis (37-96 mu m), showed differences of similar to 4 mu m between the two methods. Discrepancies appear to be influenced by the choice of feret or geodesic measurement for asymmetric cells. We describe the operating conditions necessary for analysis of size distributions and present suggestions for optimal instrument conditions for size analysis of diatom samples using the FlowCAM. The increased speed of data acquisition through use of imaging flow cytometers like the FlowCAM is an essential step for advancing studies of diatom populations. C1 [Spaulding, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jewson, David H.] Univ Ulster, Freshwater Lab, Ballyronan BT45 6LR, Co Derry, England. [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Nelson, Harry] Fluid Imaging Technol Inc, Yarmouth, ME 04096 USA. RP Spaulding, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM sarah.spaulding@usgs.gov OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU NSF-EAR [1115245] FX Thanks to Alia Khan and Megan Otu at INSTAAR, University of Colorado with support from NSF-EAR award #1115245. We appreciate statistical advice from David Griffiths, University of Ulster and Nick Granin, Limnology Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 73 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 10 BP 882 EP 890 DI 10.4319/lom.2012.10.882 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 050PY UT WOS:000312067700006 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Ryan, JN AF McCleskey, R. Blaine Nordstrom, D. Kirk Ryan, Joseph N. TI Comparison of electrical conductivity calculation methods for natural waters SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTANCE METHOD; IONIC-STRENGTH; SALINITY; GROUNDWATER; VALUES AB The capability of eleven methods to calculate the electrical conductivity of a wide range of natural waters from their chemical composition was investigated. A brief summary of each method is presented including equations to calculate the conductivities of individual ions, the ions incorporated, and the method's limitations. The ability of each method to reliably predict the conductivity depends on the ions included, effective accounting of ion pairing, and the accuracy of the equation used to estimate the ionic conductivities. The performances of the methods were evaluated by calculating the conductivity of 33 environmentally important electrolyte solutions, 41 U. S. Geological Survey standard reference water samples, and 1593 natural water samples. The natural waters tested include acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, dilute mountain waters, and river water impacted by municipal waste water. The three most recent conductivity methods predict the conductivity of natural waters better than other methods. Two of the recent methods can be used to reliably calculate the conductivity for samples with pH values greater than about 3 and temperatures between 0 and 40 degrees C. One method is applicable to a variety of natural water types with a range of pH from 1 to 10, temperature from 0 to 95 degrees C, and ionic strength up to 1 m. C1 [McCleskey, R. Blaine; Nordstrom, D. Kirk] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rbmccles@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the USGS FX We would like to thank Ronald Antweiler for his constructive comments and review. This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Research Program of the USGS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 10 BP 952 EP 967 DI 10.4319/lom.2012.10.952 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 050PY UT WOS:000312067700012 ER PT J AU Mejia-Velasquez, PJ Dilcher, DL Jaramillo, CA Fortini, LB Manchester, SR AF Mejia-Velasquez, Paula J. Dilcher, David L. Jaramillo, Carlos A. Fortini, Lucas B. Manchester, Steven R. TI PALYNOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF A LOWER CRETACEOUS SOUTH AMERICAN TROPICAL SEQUENCE: CLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS AND DIVERSITY COMPARISONS WITH OTHER LATITUDES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE angiosperm evolution; Colombia; floristic patterns; global warming; latitudinal diversity gradients; quantitative palynology; species turnover; tropical floras ID DIVERSIFICATION; STRATIGRAPHY; ANGIOSPERMS; GRADIENTS; RADIATION; COLOMBIA AB Premise of the study: Reconstruction of floristic patterns during the early diversification of angiosperms is impeded by the scarce fossil record, especially in tropical latitudes. Here we collected quantitative palynological data from a stratigraphic sequence in tropical South America to provide floristic and climatic insights into such tropical environments during the Early Cretaceous. Methods: We reconstructed the floristic composition of an Aptian-Albian tropical sequence from central Colombia using quantitative palynology (rarefied species richness and abundance) and used it to infer its predominant climatic conditions. Additionally, we compared our results with available quantitative data from three other sequences encompassing 70 floristic assemblages to determine latitudinal diversity patterns. Key results: Abundance of humidity indicators was higher than that of aridity indicators (61% vs. 10%). Additionally, we found an angiosperm latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) for the Aptian, but not for the Albian, and an inverted LDG of the overall diversity for the Albian. Angiosperm species turnover during the Albian, however, was higher in humid tropics. Conclusions: There were humid climates in northwestern South America during the Aptian-Albian interval contrary to the widespread aridity expected for the tropical belt. The Albian inverted overall LDG is produced by a faster increase in per-sample angiosperm and pteridophyte diversity in temperate latitudes. However, humid tropical sequences had higher rates of floristic turnover suggesting a higher degree of morphological variation than in temperate regions. C1 [Mejia-Velasquez, Paula J.; Manchester, Steven R.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mejia-Velasquez, Paula J.; Manchester, Steven R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mejia-Velasquez, Paula J.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.] STRI, Panama City, Panama. [Dilcher, David L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Dilcher, David L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Fortini, Lucas B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, PICCC, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Mejia-Velasquez, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, POB 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM paumejia@ufl.edu OI Fortini, Lucas/0000-0002-5781-7295 FU Evolving Earth Foundation; Colombian Institute of Petroleum-Ecopetrol S.A.; Becker/Dilcher Paleobotany Fund at UF; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX This work was supported by funds from the Evolving Earth Foundation, the Colombian Institute of Petroleum-Ecopetrol S.A., the Becker/Dilcher Paleobotany Fund at UF, and a fellowship at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. P.J.M-V is especially thankful to Faculty for the Future, SEAGEP, and the University of Florida Student Research Fellowships; Dr. R. Lupia for kindly providing his compilation of North American palynological data; and T. Lott for obtaining several papers for the literature review. The authors thank M. Carvalho and three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 99 IS 11 BP 1819 EP 1827 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200135 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 043VW UT WOS:000311579700020 PM 23132618 ER PT J AU Das, A AF Das, Adrian TI The effect of size and competition on tree growth rate in old-growth coniferous forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND FORESTS; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; TROPICAL FORESTS; NEIGHBORS MATTER; MORTALITY; INDEXES; MODELS; IDENTITY; STANDS AB Tree growth and competition play central roles in forest dynamics. Yet models of competition often neglect important variation in species-specific responses. Furthermore, functions used to model changes in growth rate with size do not always allow for potential complexity. Using a large data set from old-growth forests in California, models were parameterized relating growth rate to tree size and competition for four common species. Several functions relating growth rate to size were tested. Competition models included parameters for tree size, competitor size, and competitor distance. Competitive strength was allowed to vary by species. The best ranked models (using Akaike's information criterion) explained between 18% and 40% of the variance in growth rate, with each species showing a strong response to competition. Models indicated that relationships between competition and growth varied substantially among species. The results also suggested that the relationship between growth rate and tree size can be complex and that how we model it can affect not only our ability to detect that complexity but also whether we obtain misleading results. In this case, for three of four species, the best model captured an apparent and unexpected decline in potential growth rate for the smallest trees in the data set. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Das, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM adas@usgs.gov FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; US Geological Survey FX I thank the many people involved in establishing and maintaining the permanent forest plots and Sequoia and Yosemite national parks for their invaluable cooperation and assistance. I also thank Charles Canham and Lora Murphy for making their very useful R library publicly available. This work is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative, a US Geological Survey global change research project. In part, this work was made possible by the Tree Mass Growth Working Group, supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the US Geological Survey, and I thank working group members, including Charles Canham, for discussions that spawned this paper. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 46 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1983 EP 1995 DI 10.1139/x2012-142 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 045XI UT WOS:000311729700011 ER PT J AU Chirico, PG Malpeli, KC Trimble, SM AF Chirico, Peter G. Malpeli, Katherine C. Trimble, Sarah M. TI Accuracy Evaluation of an ASTER-Derived Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Version 1 and Version 2 for Two Sites in Western Africa SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; TOPOGRAPHIC DATA; VALIDATION; SRTM; DEM; TERRAIN AB This study compares the ASTER Global DEM version 1 (GDEMv1) and version 2 (GDEMv2) for two study sites with distinct terrain and land cover characteristics in western Africa. The effects of land cover, slope, relief, and stack number are evaluated through both absolute and relative DEM statistical comparisons. While GDEMv2 at times performed better than GDEMv1, this improvement was not consistent, revealing the complex nature and interaction of terrain and land cover characteristics, which influences the accuracy of GDEM tiles on local and regional scales. C1 [Chirico, Peter G.; Malpeli, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Trimble, Sarah M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Chirico, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pchirico@usgs.gov OI Trimble, Sarah/0000-0003-3236-7774 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 775 EP 801 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.49.6.775 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 047II UT WOS:000311832800001 ER PT J AU Patlolla, AK Todorov, TI Tchounwou, PB van der Voet, G Centeno, JA AF Patlolla, Anita K. Todorov, Todor I. Tchounwou, Paul B. van der Voet, Gijsbert Centeno, Jose A. TI Arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and distribution in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arsenic exposure; Tissue distribution; Genotoxicity; Hepatotoxicity; Rats ID INDUCED CELL-TRANSFORMATION; HAMSTER EMBRYO CELLS; SODIUM ARSENITE; HYPERENDEMIC VILLAGES; DRINKING-WATER; IN-VITRO; TRIOXIDE; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS AB Arsenic (As) is a well documented human carcinogen. However, its mechanisms of toxic action and carcinogenic potential in animals have not been conclusive. In this research, we investigated the biochemical and genotoxic effects of As and studied its distribution in selected tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of six male rats, each weighing approximately 60 +/- 2 g, were injected intraperitoneally, once a day for 5 days with doses of 5, 10, 15,20 mg/kg BW of arsenic trioxide. A control group was also made of 6 animals injected with distilled water. Following anaesthetization, blood was collected and enzyme analysis was performed by spectrophotometry following standard protocols. At the end of experimentation, the animals were sacrificed, and the lung, liver, brain and kidney were collected 24 h after the fifth day treatment. Chromosome and micronuclei preparation was obtained from bone marrow cells. Arsenic exposure significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase-glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT/GFT), and aspartate aminotransferase-glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST/GOT), as well as the number of structural chromosomal aberrations (SCA) and frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the bone marrow cells. in contrast, the mitotic index in these cells was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that aminotransferases are candidate biomarkers for arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results also demonstrate that As has a strong genotoxic potential, as measured by the bone marrow SCA and MN tests in Sprague-Dawley rats. Total arsenic concentrations in tissues were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with hydrogen gas was used to eliminate the ArCl interference at mass 75, in the measurement of total As. Total As doses in tissues tended to correlate with specific exposure levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patlolla, Anita K.; Tchounwou, Paul B.] Jackson State Univ, NIH RCMI Ctr Environm Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. [Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Centeno, Jose A.] Joint Pathol Ctr, Biophys Toxicol Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [van der Voet, Gijsbert] Hlth Council Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), Joint Base Andrews Air Naval Facil Washington, Biophys Toxicol Lab, Joint Pathol Ctr, Malcolm Grow Med Clin, 1057 W Perimeter Rd, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. EM Jose.Centeno@afncr.af.mil FU National Institutes of Health-RCMI Grant [1G12RR13459] FX This research was financially supported by the National Institutes of Health-RCMI Grant No. 1G12RR13459 awarded to PBT. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 105 SI SI BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 039QE UT WOS:000311260800017 PM 23175155 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Ludwig, JA Wilcox, BP Betancourt, JL Dean, WRJ Hoffmann, BD Milton, SJ AF Belnap, Jayne Ludwig, John A. Wilcox, Bradford P. Betancourt, Julio L. Dean, W. Richard J. Hoffmann, Benjamin D. Milton, Sue J. TI Introduced and Invasive Species in Novel Rangeland Ecosystems: Friends or Foes? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cenchrus; decision framework; Eucalyptus; Juniperus; Opuntia; Prosopis; rinderpest; West Nile virus ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; GRASS CENCHRUS-CILIARIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; BUFFEL GRASS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ARTHROPOD-COMMUNITY; ALTERED LANDSCAPES; WESTERN JUNIPER; EXOTIC GRASSES AB Globally, new combinations of introduced and native plant and animal species have changed rangelands into novel ecosystems. Whereas many rangeland stakeholders (people who use or have an interest in rangelands) view intentional species introductions to improve forage and control erosion as beneficial, others focus on unintended costs, such as increased fire risk, loss of rangeland biodiversity, and threats to conservation efforts, specifically in nature reserves and parks. These conflicting views challenge all rangeland stakeholders, especially those making decisions on how best to manage novel ecosystems. To formulate a conceptual framework for decision making, we examined a wide range of novel ecosystems, created by intentional and unintentional introductions of nonnative species and land-use-facilitated spread of native ones. This framework simply divides decision making into two types: 1) straightforward-certain, and 2) complex-uncertain. We argue that management decisions to retain novel ecosystems are certain when goods and services provided by the system far outweigh the costs of restoration, for example in the case of intensively managed Cenchrus pastures. Decisions to return novel ecosystems to natural systems are also certain when the value of the system is low and restoration is easy and inexpensive as in the case of biocontrol of Opuntia infestations. In contrast, decisions whether to retain or restore novel ecosystems become complex and uncertain in cases where benefits are low and costs of control are high as, for example, in the case of stopping the expansion of Prosopis and juniperus into semiarid rangelands. Decisions to retain or restore novel ecosystems are also complex and uncertain when, for example, nonnative Eucalyptus trees expand along natural streams, negatively affecting biodiversity, but also providing timber and honey. When decision making is complex and uncertain, we suggest that rangeland managers utilize cost benefit analyses and hold stakeholder workshops to resolve conflicts. C1 [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Ludwig, John A.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Wilcox, Bradford P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dean, W. Richard J.; Milton, Sue J.] Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Hoffmann, Benjamin D.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2290 S Resources Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov RI Hoffmann, Ben/A-2746-2011 OI Hoffmann, Ben/0000-0002-4010-4723 FU US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Program; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Managed Ecosystem Award [2010-85101-20485]; NIFA/NRCS Award [2008-51130-19562]; Fufford Small Grants Foundation, United Kingdom FX Research was funded by the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Program (Belnap), USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Managed Ecosystem Award 2010-85101-20485 and NIFA/NRCS Award 2008-51130-19562 (Wilcox), and Fufford Small Grants Foundation, United Kingdom (Dean, Milton). NR 98 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 128 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00157.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000005 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Brown, JR Bestelmeyer, BT Andrews, SS Baldi, G Davies, J Duniway, M Havstad, KM Karl, JW Karlen, DL Peters, DPC Quinton, JN Riginos, C Shaver, PL Steinaker, D Twomlow, S AF Herrick, J. E. Brown, J. R. Bestelmeyer, B. T. Andrews, S. S. Baldi, G. Davies, J. Duniway, M. Havstad, K. M. Karl, J. W. Karlen, D. L. Peters, D. P. C. Quinton, J. N. Riginos, C. Shaver, P. L. Steinaker, D. Twomlow, S. TI Revolutionary Land Use Change in the 21st Century: Is (Rangeland) Science Relevant? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE degradation; economics; food security; resilience; soil; sustainable land management ID MARGINAL LAND; CONSERVATION; TERMINOLOGY; ARGENTINA; STRATEGY; STATE AB Rapidly increasing demand for food, fiber, and fuel together with new technologies and the mobility of global capital are driving revolutionary changes in land use throughout the world. Efforts to increase land productivity include conversion of millions of hectares of rangelands to crop production, including many marginal lands with low resistance and resilience to degradation. Sustaining the productivity of these lands requires careful land use planning and innovative management systems. Historically, this responsibility has been left to agronomists and others with expertise in crop production. In this article, we argue that the revolutionary land use changes necessary to support national and global food security potentially make rangeland science more relevant now than ever. Maintaining and increasing relevance will require a revolutionary change in range science from a discipline that focuses on a particular land use or land cover to one that addresses the challenge of managing all lands that, at one time, were considered to be marginal for crop production. We propose four strategies to increase the relevance of rangeland science to global land management: 1) expand our awareness and understanding of local to global economic, social, and technological trends in order to anticipate and identify drivers and patterns of conversion; 2) emphasize empirical studies and modeling that anticipate the biophysical (ecosystem services) and societal consequences of large-scale changes in land cover and use; 3) significantly increase communication and collaboration with the disciplines and sectors of society currently responsible for managing the new land uses; and 4) develop and adopt a dynamic and flexible resilience-based land classification system and data-supported conceptual models (e.g., state-and-transition models) that represent all lands, regardless of use and the consequences of land conversion to various uses instead of changes in state or condition that are focused on a single land use. C1 [Herrick, J. E.; Bestelmeyer, B. T.; Havstad, K. M.; Karl, J. W.; Peters, D. P. C.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brown, J. R.] USDA NRCS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Andrews, S. S.] USDA NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Baldi, G.] Univ Nacl San Luis, Grp Estudios Ambientales IMASL, San Luis, Argentina. [Baldi, G.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, San Luis, Argentina. [Davies, J.] IUCN, Global Drylands Initiat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Duniway, M.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Karlen, D. L.] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quinton, J. N.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Riginos, C.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Riginos, C.] Mpala Res Ctr, Laikipia, Kenya. [Shaver, P. L.] USDA NRCS, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Steinaker, D.] INTA, San Luis, Argentina. [Twomlow, S.] UNEP, GEF Biodivers Land Degradat Biosafety Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003 NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu RI Quinton, John/B-1290-2011; OI Quinton, John/0000-0003-1746-4795; Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 58 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 590 EP 598 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00186.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000007 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Belnap, J Ludwig, JA Collins, SL Paruelo, J Hoffman, MT Havstad, KM AF Peters, Debra P. C. Belnap, Jayne Ludwig, John A. Collins, Scott L. Paruelo, Jose Hoffman, M. Timm Havstad, Kris M. TI How Can Science Be General, Yet Specific? The Conundrum of Rangeland Science in the 21st Century SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE downscaling; extrapolation; global ecology; integration; nonstationarity; spatial heterogeneity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSITION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; VEGETATION SHIFTS; REGIONAL-ANALYSIS; LAND-USE; PATTERNS; STATE; MANAGEMENT AB A critical challenge for range scientists is to provide input to management decisions for land units where little or no data exist. The disciplines of range science, basic ecology, and global ecology use different perspectives and approaches with different levels of detail to extrapolate information and understanding from well-studied locations to other land units. However, these traditional approaches are expected to be insufficient in the future as both human and climatic drivers change in magnitude and direction, spatial heterogeneity in land cover and its use increases, and rangelands become increasingly connected at local to global scales by flows of materials, people, and information. Here we argue that to overcome limitations of each individual discipline, and to address future rangeland problems effectively, scientists will need to integrate these disciplines successfully and in novel ways. The objectives of this article are 1) to describe the background, historical development, and limitations of current approaches employed by these disciplines; 2) to describe an integrated approach that takes advantage of the strengths and minimizes the weaknesses of these individual approaches; and 3) to discuss the challenges and implications of this integrated approach to the future of range science when climate and human drivers are nonstationary. This integration will be critical for applying range science to the management of specific land units; will contribute to and benefit from the development of general ecological principles; and will assist in addressing problems facing society at regional, continental, and global scales. C1 [Peters, Debra P. C.; Havstad, Kris M.] NMSU, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Ludwig, John A.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Paruelo, Jose] Univ Buenos Aires, IFEVA Fac Agron, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Hoffman, M. Timm] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), NMSU, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Hoffman, Michael/K-4937-2016; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-5843-2397; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 FU USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0618210]; US Geological Survey; NSF [DEB 0320482]; University of Buenos Aires; CONICET; University of Cape Town's African Climate and Development Initiative (ACDI); BIOTA Southern Africa; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01 LC 0024A] FX D.P.C.P. and K.M.H. were funded by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program (DEB 0618210). J.B. was funded by the US Geological Survey. S.C. was funded in part by the NSF to the Sevilleta LTER Program (DEB 0320482). J.P. was funded by the University of Buenos Aires and CONICET. M.T.H. was funded in part by University of Cape Town's African Climate and Development Initiative (ACDI) and by BIOTA Southern Africa, which was sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under promotion number 01 LC 0024A. NR 110 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 42 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00178.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047EH UT WOS:000311820000010 ER PT J AU Addington, RN Greene, TA Elmore, ML Prior, CE Harrison, WC AF Addington, Robert N. Greene, Thomas A. Elmore, Michele L. Prior, Catherine E. Harrison, Wade C. TI Influence of Herbicide Site Preparation on Longleaf Pine Ecosystem Development and Fire Management SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; restoration; herbicides; prescribed fire; fuels ID HARDWOOD REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; HEXAZINONE APPLICATION; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; SEEDLINGS; HISTORY; VEGETATION; SANDHILLS; FORESTS AB Herbicide site preparation is common in longleaf pine artificial regeneration and restoration to reduce competition and promote seedling establishment. However, few studies have evaluated longer-term influences of herbicide site preparation on ecosystem development and fire management. We report results from a field study on Fort Benning, Georgia, initiated in 2003 to evaluate the response of longleaf pine seedlings, woody plant stem density, herbaceous vegetation cover, species richness, and fine fuels to two herbicide site preparation treatments: imozapyr/glyphosate and hexazinone. Both treatments clearly enhanced longleaf pine seedling growth compared with an untreated control, primarily by reducing hardwood stem densities. By 2009, hardwood stem density was 5 times as high on control plots compared with treated plots. Vegetation composition and structure were otherwise similar, with no differences in shrubs and woody vines, perennial bunch grasses, or species richness on treated versus control plots. Total herbaceous fuels were enhanced by hexazinone in particular, which bodes well for fire management and continued hardwood control. Alternatively, increased woody litter on control plots appeared to modify the fuel bed in ways that may inhibit fire management. Overall, results suggest that treated plots are better poised than control plots for restoration success without additional treatments beyond fire. C1 [Addington, Robert N.; Elmore, Michele L.; Prior, Catherine E.; Harrison, Wade C.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. [Greene, Thomas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacombe, LA 70445 USA. RP Addington, RN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rob.addington@colostate.edu FU US Department of Defense [DAMD17-00-2-0017, W81XWH-04-2-0051] FX Robert N. Addington (rob.addington@colostate.edu), The Nature Conservancy, P.O. Box 52452, Fort Benning, GA 31995; current address, Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Thomas A. Greene, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 61389 Highway 434, Lacombe, LA 70445. Michele L. Elmore, Catherine E. Prior, and Wade C Harrison, The Nature Conservancy, PO Box 52452, Fort Benning, GA 31995. We thank Fort Benning's Environmental Management Division, specifically Bob Larimore, James Parker, Pete Swiderek, and John Brent, for their support of this project. We are particularly indebted to Mark Byrd for help with site selection and herbicide application. We also thank Bob Mitchell and Jason McGee for help with processing fuel samples, John Britt for site history information, and Matt Nespeca and Ben Knapp for reviewing the manuscript. The manuscript was also significantly improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by the US Department of Defense, through The Nature Conservamy-Fort Benning Cooperative Agreements DAMD17-00-2-0017 and W81XWH-04-2-0051. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 38 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042NC UT WOS:000311476900001 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH AF Scoppettone, G. Gary Rissler, Peter H. TI CUI-UI REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS FROM POTENTIAL EGG DEPOSITION TO LARVAL EMIGRATION SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SUCKER CHASMISTES-LIORUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRUCKEE RIVER; GROWTH; LAKE; LONGEVITY; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS AB From 1985 to 2006, we tracked cui-ui, Chasmistes coins, survival from potential egg deposition of migrating spawners to emigrating larvae. Tahoe sucker larvae emigrated to Pyramid Lake the same time as cui-ui larvae, but cui-ui was the predominant catostomid larvae we captured. Survival of cui-ui larvae ranged from 0.46% to 21.17%, declining significantly with decreased flow and increased number of spawners (P < 0.01.). Mean total length of emigrating larvae ranged from 11.5 to 12.6 mm and mm ay have been affected by stream flow. Removal of impediments to upstream migrating cui-ui spawners, along with sufficient stream flows, may enhance early life-stage survival. C1 [Scoppettone, G. Gary; Rissler, Peter H.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 161, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We give a special thanks to the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe for allowing us to work on their lake and for providing us assistance whenever needed. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this project. People assisting in field sampling included Melissa Grader, Bridget Nielsen, Stephanie Byers, Renee Anderson, Tracy Leavy, Kristin Swain, Mary Langsner, Edward Newberry, Mathew Jenkins, James Harvey, Sean Shea, Stewart Reinbold, Matt Speth, Mathew Franz, Ryan McShane, Chris Mace, Tom Skiles, Travis Anderson, Antonio Salgado, Mark Fabes, Paul Guidici, Renee Thomson, and America Corp personnel. We thank Tom Strekal for his critical editorial review. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 3 BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KA UT WOS:000311762700003 ER PT J AU Ward, DL AF Ward, David L. TI SALINITY OF THE LITTLE COLORADO RIVER IN GRAND CANYON CONFERS ANTI-PARASITIC PROPERTIES ON A NATIVE FISH SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; HUMPBACK CHUB; ROUNDTAIL CHUB; PARASITES; TEMPERATURE; CYPRINIDAE; CULTURE; ARIZONA; SALMON; TROUT AB Water in the Little Colorado River within Grand Canyon is naturally high in salt (NaCl), which is known to prohibit development of external fish parasites such as Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis). The naturally high salinity (>0.3%) of the Little Colorado River at baseflow may be one factor allowing survival and persistence of larval and juvenile humpback chub (Gila cypha) and other native fishes in Grand Canyon. We compared salinity readings from the Little Colorado River to those reported in the literature as being effective at removing protozoan parasites from fish. In laboratory tests, 10 juvenile roundtail chub (Gila robusta; 61-90 mm TL) were randomly placed into each of 12, 37-L aquaria filled with freshwater, water obtained from the Little Colorado River (0.3% salinity), or freshwater with table salt added until the salinity reached 0.3% Roundtail chub was used as a surrogate for humpback chub in this study because the species is not listed as endangered but is morphologically and ecologically similar to humpback chub. All roundtail chub infected with Ich recovered and survived when placed in water from the Little Colorado River or water with 0.3% salinity, but all experimental fish placed in freshwater died because of Ich infection. The naturally high salinity of the Little Colorado River at baseflow (0.22%-0.36%), appears sufficiently high to interrupt the life cycle of Ich and may allow increased survival of larval and juvenile humpback chub relative to other areas within Grand Canyon. C1 US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 3 BP 334 EP 338 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KA UT WOS:000311762700007 ER PT J AU Bell, CB George, TL AF Bell, Chad B. George, T. Luke TI SURVIVAL OF TRANSLOCATED GREATER SAGE-GROUSE HENS IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION; LEK; REPRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; MOVEMENTS AB Translocation success of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is generally measured by documenting whether translocated individuals survive and reproduce at the release site. However. demographic parameters, such as annual survival of translocated individuals, provide a more accurate measure of translocation success. We translocated 60 female sage-grouse from Oregon and Nevada to Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge, California, during 2005-2010 to augment a small population of resident grouse. We radio-marked each translocated female and a sample of resident female sage-grouse, recorded their locations, and monitored their survival at monthly intervals over the study period. We observed most (55/60) translocated birds near (<100 m from) the only lek in the study area within one week of their release, To examine factors influencing survival, we developed a set of a priori models that included the effects of translocation status, season (breeding vs. nonbreeding), year, and age on annual survival and compared the models AlCc values using program MARK. The null model was the best supported model and received 335 of the model weight. Models that included survival during the first year posttranslocation, age, and season, however, were competitive (<2 Delta AlCc) with the top model. However, the 1 coefficient distinguishing breeding from nonbreeding season survival was the only coefficient whose 95% confidence interval did not overlap zero; monthly survival during the breeding season (0.952 +/- 0.014) was lower than during the nonbreeding season (0.960 +/- 0.008). The model average estimate of annual survival for female sage-grouse in our study area was 59.6% (95% CI 47.9-70.1). Our analyses provide little support for a difference in survival between translocated and resident sage-grouse, :mud our annual survival estimates were comparable to annual survival estimates of resident sage-grouse in other locations. Our results suggest that when current recommendations for translocation protocols are followed, translocated female sage-grouse survive just as well as resident individuals and quickly integrate into the local population. C1 [Bell, Chad B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tulelake, CA 96134 USA. [George, T. Luke] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bell, CB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Basin Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,4009 H, Tulelake, CA 96134 USA. EM chad_bell@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges; California Department of Fish and Game FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges and California Department of Fish and Game for funding this project. We also thank the many members of the Clear Lake Sage-Grouse Working Group, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge for their collaboration and support. A special thanks to J. Beckstrand and D. Mauser for their dedication and support for this project and the many field technicians and volunteers who have made significant field contributions. We also thank 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 35 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 046KA UT WOS:000311762700011 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Whitman, MS Jones, BM Kemnitz, R Grosse, G Urban, FE AF Arp, C. D. Whitman, M. S. Jones, B. M. Kemnitz, R. Grosse, G. Urban, F. E. TI Drainage Network Structure and Hydrologic Behavior of Three Lake-Rich Watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTH SLOPE; KUPARUK RIVER; THAW LAKES; DENSITY; BASINS; MORPHOLOGY; MODEL; AVAILABILITY; CONNECTIVITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Watersheds draining the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska are dominated by permafrost and snowmelt runoff that create abundant surface storage in the form of lakes, wetlands, and beaded streams. These surface water elements compose complex drainage networks that affect aquatic ecosystem connectivity and hydrologic behavior. The 4676 km(2) Fish Creek drainage basin is composed of three watersheds that represent a gradient of the ACP landscape with varying extents of eolian, lacustrine, and fluvial landforms. In each watershed, we analyzed 2.5-m-resolution aerial photography, a 5-m digital elevation model, and river gauging and climate records to better understand ACP watershed structure and processes. We show that connected lakes accounted for 19 to 26% of drainage density among watersheds and most all channels initiate from lake basins in the form of beaded streams. Of the >2500 lakes in these watersheds, 33% have perennial streamflow connectivity, and these represent 66% of total lake area extent. Deeper lakes with over-wintering habitat were more abundant in the watershed with eolian sand deposits, while the watershed with marine silt deposits contained a greater extent of beaded streams and shallow thermokarst lakes that provide essential summer feeding habitat. Comparison of flow regimes among watersheds showed that higher lake extent and lower drained lake-basin extent corresponded with lower snowmelt and higher baseflow runoff. Variation in baseflow runoff among watersheds was most pronounced during drought conditions in 2007 with corresponding reduction in snowmelt peak flows the following year. Comparison with other Arctic watersheds indicates that lake area extent corresponds to slower recession of both snowmelt and baseflow runoff. These analyses help refine our understanding of how Arctic watersheds are structured and function hydrologically, emphasizing the important role of lake basins and suggesting how future lake change may impact hydrologic processes. C1 [Arp, C. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, M. S.; Kemnitz, R.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jones, B. M.; Grosse, G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Urban, F. E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS's) Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Office; NASA [NNX08AJ37G] FX This research received direct support from Bureau of Land Management's Arctic Field Office and a grant from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS's) Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Office. Guido Grosse and Ben Jones were supported by NASA grant NNX08AJ37G. We thank Douglas Kane with University of Alaska Fairbanks, Philip Martin with USFWS, Joshua Koch with USGS, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 55 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 44 IS 4 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 036FB UT WOS:000311010700001 ER PT J AU Kelsey, KC Wickland, KP Striegl, RG Neff, JC AF Kelsey, Katharine C. Wickland, Kimberly P. Striegl, Robert G. Neff, Jason C. TI Variation in Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux at Two Spatial Scales in a Topographically Complex Boreal Forest SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-CONTENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; DECOMPOSITION; VARIABILITY AB Carbon dynamics of high-latitude regions are an important and highly uncertain component of global carbon budgets, and efforts to constrain estimates of soil-atmosphere carbon exchange in these regions are contingent on accurate representations of spatial and temporal variability in carbon fluxes. This study explores spatial and temporal variability in soil-atmosphere carbon dynamics at both fine and coarse spatial scales in a high-elevation, permafrost-dominated boreal black spruce forest. We evaluate the importance of landscape-level investigations of soil-atmosphere carbon dynamics by characterizing seasonal trends in soil-atmosphere carbon exchange, describing soil temperature-moisture-respiration relations, and quantifying temporal and spatial variability at two spatial scales: the plot scale (0-5 m) and the landscape scale (500-1000 m). Plot-scale spatial variability (average variation on a given measurement day) in soil CO2 efflux ranged from a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.25 to 0.69, and plot-scale temporal variability (average variation of plots across measurement days) in efflux ranged from a CV of 0.19 to 0.36. Landscape-scale spatial and temporal variability in efflux was represented by a CV of 0.40 and 0.31, respectively, indicating that plot-scale spatial variability in soil respiration is as great as landscape-scale spatial variability at this site. While soil respiration was related to soil temperature at both the plot- and landscape scale, landscape-level descriptions of soil moisture were necessary to define soil respiration moisture relations. Soil moisture variability was also integral to explaining temporal variability in soil respiration. Our results have important implications for research efforts in high-latitude regions where remote study sites make landscape-scale field campaigns challenging. C1 [Kelsey, Katharine C.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kelsey, Katharine C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kelsey, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kelseykc@colorado.edu OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Kelsey, Katharine/0000-0002-4631-8538 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; DOI Youth Funding Initiative FX We would like to acknowledge J. Crawford, B. Metcalf, D. Halm, J. Koch, M. Dornblaser, T. Stets, S. Jepsen, M. McHale, D. Repert, and D. Fernandez for laboratory, field, and analytical assistance with this work. Suggestions and comments from N. Fierer, J. O'Donnell, A. Ballentyne, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area, and DOI Youth Funding Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 26 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 44 IS 4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.457 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 036FB UT WOS:000311010700007 ER PT J AU Korman, J Martell, SJD Walters, CJ Makinster, AS Coggins, LG Yard, MD Persons, WR AF Korman, Josh Martell, Steven J. D. Walters, Carl J. Makinster, Andrew S. Coggins, Lewis G. Yard, Michael D. Persons, William R. TI Estimating recruitment dynamics and movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an integrated assessment model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE REGULATED RIVER; STOCK ASSESSMENT; HABITAT USE; AGE MODELS; FISH; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ARIZONA; SIZE; FLOW AB We used an integrated assessment model to examine effects of flow from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, USA, on recruitment of nonnative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River and to estimate downstream migration from Glen Canyon to Marble Canyon, a reach used by endangered native fish. Over a 20-year period, recruitment of rainbow trout in Glen Canyon increased with the annual flow volume and when hourly flow variation was reduced and after two of three controlled floods. The model predicted that approximately 16 000 trout . year(-1) emigrated to Marble Canyon and that the majority of trout in this reach originate from Glen Canyon. For most models that were examined, over 70% of the variation in emigration rates was explained by variation in recruitment in Glen Canyon, suggesting that flow from the dam controls in large part the extent of potential negative interactions between rainbow trout and native fish. Controlled floods and steadier flows, which were originally aimed at partially restoring conditions before the dam (greater native fish abundance and larger sand bars), appear to have been more beneficial to nonnative rainbow trout than to native fish. C1 [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Martell, Steven J. D.; Walters, Carl J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Makinster, Andrew S.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Yard, Michael D.; Persons, William R.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. EM jkorman@ecometric.com FU US Geological Survey through the Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey through the Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC). Numerous Arizona Game and Fish Department personnel and boatmen helped collect the data analyzed in this study, for which we thank them. We also thank Carol Fritzinger, GCMRC Logistics Program Manager, for coordinating trip schedules and equipment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank four anonymous reviewers and Terrance Quinn II for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1827 EP 1849 DI 10.1139/F2012-097 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038YK UT WOS:000311209800011 ER PT J AU Dusel-Bacon, C Foley, NK Slack, JE Koenig, AE Oscarson, RL AF Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Foley, Nora K. Slack, John E. Koenig, Alan E. Oscarson, Robert L. TI Peralkaline- and Calc-Alkaline-Hosted Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Bonnifield District, East-Central Alaska SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-RICH STRATA; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; APPALACHIAN BASIN; IMMOBILE ELEMENTS; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; BLACK-SEA; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; YUKON AB Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au deposits of the Bonnifield mining district formed during Late Devonian-Early Mississippian magmatism along the western edge of Laurentia. The largest deposits, Dry Creek and WTF, have a combined resource of 5.7 million tonnes at 10% Zn, 4% Pb, 0.3% Cu, 300 grams per tonne (g/t) Ag, and 1.6 g/t Au. These polymetallic deposits are hosted in high field strength element (HFSE)- and rare-earth element (REE)-rich peralkaline (pantelleritic) metarhyolite, and interlayered pyritic argillite and mudstone of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist Formation. Mystic Creek metarhyolite and alkali basalt (Chute Creek Member) constitute a bimodal pair that formed in an extensional environment. A synvolcanic peralkaline quartz porphyry containing veins of fluorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz intrudes the central footwall at Dry Creek. The Anderson Mountain deposit, located similar to 32 km to the southwest, occurs within calc-alkaline felsic to intermediate-composition metavolcanic rocks and associated graphitic argillite of the Wood River assemblage. Felsic metavolcanic rocks there have only slightly elevated HFSEs and REEs. The association of abundant graphitic and siliceous argillite with the felsic volcanic rocks together with low Cu contents in the Bonnifield deposits suggests classification as a siliciclastic-felsic type of VMS deposit. Bonnifield massive sulfides and host rocks were metamorphosed and deformed under greenschist-facies conditions in the Mesozoic. Primary depositional textures, generally uncommon, consist of framboids, framboidal aggregates, and spongy masses of pyrite. Sphalerite, the predominant base metal sulfide, encloses early pyrite framboids. Galena and chalcopyrite accompanied early pyrite formation but primarily formed late in the paragenetic sequence. Silver-rich tetrahedrite is a minor late phase at the Dry Creek deposit. Cold and Ag are present in low to moderate amounts in pyrite from all of the deposits; electrum inclusions occur in Dry Creek sphalerite. Contents and ratios of trace elements in graphitic argillite that serve as proxies for the redox state of the bottom waters in the basin indicate that Dry Creek mineralization took place in suboxic to periodically anoxic bottom waters. Trace element data show higher contents of Tl-Mn-As in pyrite from the Anderson Mountain deposit compared to the Dry Creek or WTF deposits and thus suggest that Anderson Mountain may have formed at lower temperatures or under slightly more oxidizing conditions. No exact modern analogue for the tectonic setting of the Bonnifield VMS deposits is known, although the back-arc regions of the Okinawa Trough and Woodlark Basin satisfy the requirement for a submarine, extensional setting adjacent to a continental margin. Limited occurrences of peralkaline volcanic rocks occur in these two potential analogues, but the peralkalinity of those rocks is much less than that of the Mystic Creek Member metarhyolites in the Bonnifield district. The highly elevated trace element (e.g., Zr, Nb) contents of Mystic Creek metarhyolites suggest that a better analogue may be a submarine rifted continental margin. The calc-alkaline composition of the host rocks to the Anderson Mountain deposit suggests that mineralization there formed in a continental margin arc, outboard of the extended continental margin setting of the peralkaline-hosted Dry Creek and WIT deposits. C1 [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia; Oscarson, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Foley, Nora K.; Slack, John E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cdusel@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 23 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 107 IS 7 BP 1403 EP 1432 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 027YA UT WOS:000310388800004 ER PT J AU Kronholm, S Capel, P AF Kronholm, Scott Capel, Paul TI Concentrations, Loads, and Yields of Organic Carbon in Streams of Agricultural Watersheds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; MATTER; EXPORT; DOC; USA AB Carbon is cycled to and from large reservoirs in the atmosphere, on land, and in the ocean. Movement of organic carbon from the terrestrial reservoir to the ocean plays an important role in the global cycling of carbon. The transition from natural to agricultural vegetation can change the storage and movement of organic carbon in and from a watershed. Samples were collected from 13 streams located in hydrologically and agriculturally diverse watersheds, to better understand the variability in the concentrations and loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the streams, and the variability in watershed yields. The overall annual median concentrations of DOG and POC were 4.9 (range: 2.1-6.8) and 1.1 (range: 0.4-3.8) mg C L-1, respectively. The mean DOG watershed yield (+/- SE) was 25 +/- 6.8 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1). The yields of DOC from these agricultural watersheds were not substantially different than the DOG yield from naturally vegetated watersheds in equivalent biomes, but were at the low end of the range for most biomes. Total organic carbon (DOC + POC) annually exported from the agricultural watersheds was found to average 0.03% of the organic carbon that is contained in the labile plant matter and top 1 m of soil in the watershed. Since the total organic carbon exported from agricultural watersheds is a relatively small portion of the sequestered carbon within the watershed, there is the great potential to store additional carbon in plants and soils of the watershed, offsetting some anthropogenic CO2 emissions. C1 [Capel, Paul] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kronholm, Scott] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Capel, P (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, 122 Civil Engn Bldg,500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM capel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program; University of Minnesota Water Resource Science program FX We would like to thank Matthew Miller, Sheila Amenumey, Katia Gray, Jason Roth, and Erik Smith who provided review, the laboratory of George Aiken who provided the organic carbon analysis, and the U.S. Geological Survey teams that collected the water samples. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program and the University of Minnesota Water Resource Science program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1874 EP 1883 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0045 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400018 PM 23128744 ER PT J AU Sprague, LA Gronberg, JAM AF Sprague, Lori A. Gronberg, Jo Ann M. TI Relating Management Practices and Nutrient Export in Agricultural Watersheds of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL-EROSION; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; CROPPING SYSTEM; NITROGEN EXPORT; SOUTHERN PLAINS; PHOSPHORUS; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION AB Relations between riverine export (load) of total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) from 133 large agricultural watersheds in the United States and factors affecting nutrient transport were evaluated using empirical regression models. After controlling for anthropogenic inputs and other landscape factors affecting nutrient transport-such as runoff, precipitation, slope, number of reservoirs, irrigated area, and area with subsurface tile drains-the relations between export and the area in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) (N) and conservation tillage (P) were positive. Additional interaction terms indicated that the relations between export and the area in conservation tillage (N) and the CRP (P) progressed from being clearly positive when soil erodibility was low or moderate, to being close to zero when soil erodibility was higher, to possibly being slightly negative only at the 90th to 95th percentile of soil erodibility values. Possible explanations for the increase in nutrient export with increased area in management practices include greater transport of soluble nutrients from areas in conservation tillage; lagged response of stream quality to implementation of management practices because of nitrogen transport in groundwater, time for vegetative cover to mature, and/or prior accumulation of P in soils; or limitations in the management practice and stream monitoring data sets. If lags are occurring, current nutrient export from agricultural watersheds may still be reflecting the influence of agricultural land-use practices that were in place before the implementation of these management practices. C1 [Sprague, Lori A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gronberg, Jo Ann M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sprague, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lsprague@usgs.gov OI Sprague, Lori/0000-0003-2832-6662 NR 103 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 71 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1939 EP 1950 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0073 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039QU UT WOS:000311262400025 PM 23128751 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Shi, SB Wang, TG AF Li, Meijun Shi, Shengbao Wang, T. -G. TI Identification and distribution of chrysene, methylchrysenes and their isomers in crude oils and rock extracts SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RETENTION INDEX SYSTEM; TARIM BASIN; ANCIENT SEDIMENTS; NW CHINA; IMPACT SHOCK; PETROLEUM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEOCHEMISTRY; GENERATION AB Chrysene, its methylated homologues and their structural isomers are important polyaromatic compounds in crudes oils, coals and sediment extracts. Chrysene, benzo[a]anthracene, methylchrysenes and methylbenzo[a]anthracenes were unequivocally identified in mass chromatograms by comparison with authentic standards and by retention indices reported in the literature. The response factors relating those of chrysene and methylchrysenes to internal standards [perdeuterated chrysene (chrysene-d12) and pyrene (pyrene-d10)] were obtained by GC-MS analyses of mixture solutions with different concentration ratios. The oil families of Ordovician reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin (NW China) are distinguished by the distribution patterns of chrysene, methylchrysenes and their isomers. The majority of the oil accumulations and sediment extracts from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks are characterized by low concentrations of benzo[a]anthracene and methylbenzo[a]anthracenes relative to chrysene and methylchrysenes, respectively. In contrast, some oils with relatively high abundances of benzo[a]anthracene and methylbenzo[a]anthracenes were derived from Cambrian and Lower Ordovician source rocks. The effect of maturity on the distribution patterns of methylchrysenes in Tertiary lacustrine shales from the Liaohe Basin (East China) was investigated. The 2-/1-methylchrysene ratio keeps a nearly constant value with increasing maturity at the low maturity stages and then it abruptly increases, corresponding approximately to the onset of intense C15+ hydrocarbon generation. This indicates that chrysene and its methylated homologues are useful molecular indicators in petroleum geochemistry. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Meijun; Shi, Shengbao; Wang, T. -G.] China Univ Petr, Coll Geosci, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Energy & Resources Sci Res Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM meijunli2008@hotmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41072101]; Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (Beijing) [KYJJ2012-01-03] FX The work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072101), and was partly supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (Beijing) (Grant No. KYJJ2012-01-03). The authors thank Dan Zhu, Lei Zhu and Quan Shi for assistance in GC-MS analyses. Part of the GC-MS analyses was performed at the organic geochemistry laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey (Denver) by Tammy Hannah and Zachary L. Lowry. This manuscript benefitted greatly from discussion with Dr. Geoffrey S. Ellis of the U.S. Geological Survey (Denver). The authors are grateful to Drs. Simon C. George, Michael A. Kruge and Bob Alexander for their critical comments, constructive suggestions and extensive language improvements. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 52 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.08.011 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 043WH UT WOS:000311580800007 ER PT J AU Wilson, HM Flint, PL Powell, AN Grand, JB Moran, CL AF Wilson, Heather M. Flint, Paul L. Powell, Abby N. Grand, J. Barry Moran, Christine L. TI Population Ecology of Breeding Pacific Common Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; nest survival; Pacific common eider; population model; process variation; productivity; Somateria mollissima v-nigrum; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID ANSER-CAERULESCENS-CAERULESCENS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NEST-SITE SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; CLUTCH-SIZE; BLACK BRANT; SPECTACLED EIDERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURVIVAL RATES AB Populations of Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in western Alaska declined by 50-90% from 1957 to 1992 and then stabilized at reduced numbers from the early 1990s to the present. We investigated the underlying processes affecting their population dynamics by collection and analysis of demographic data from Pacific common eiders at 3 sites on the YKD (1991-2004) for 29 site-years. We examined variation in components of reproduction, tested hypotheses about the influence of specific ecological factors on life-history variables, and investigated their relative contributions to local population dynamics. Reproductive output was low and variable, both within and among individuals, whereas apparent survival of adult females was high and relatively invariant (0.89 +/- 0.005). All reproductive parameters varied across study sites and years. Clutch initiation dates ranged from 4 May to 28 June, with peak (modal) initiation occurring on 26 May. Females at an island study site consistently initiated clutches 3-5 days earlier in each year than those on 2 mainland sites. Population variance in nest initiation date was negatively related to the peak, suggesting increased synchrony in years of delayed initiation. On average, total clutch size (laid) ranged from 4.8 to 6.6 eggs, and declined with date of nest initiation. After accounting for partial predation and non-viability of eggs, average clutch size at hatch ranged from 2.0 to 5.8 eggs. Within seasons, daily survival probability (DSP) of nests was lowest during egg-laying and late-initiation dates. Estimated nest survival varied considerably across sites and years (mean 0.55, range: 0.06-0.92), but process variance in nest survival was relatively low (0.02, CI: 0.01-0.05), indicating that most variance was likely attributed to sampling error. We found evidence that observer effects may have reduced overall nest survival by 0.0-0.36 across site-years. Study sites with lower sample sizes and more frequent visitations appeared to experience greater observer effects. In general, Pacific common eiders exhibited high spatio-temporal variance in reproductive components. Larger clutch sizes and high nest survival at early initiation dates suggested directional selection favoring early nesting. However, stochastic environmental effects may have precluded response to this apparent selection pressure. Our results suggest that females breeding early in the season have the greatest reproductive value, as these birds lay the largest clutches and have the highest probability of successfully hatching. We developed stochastic, stage-based, matrix population models that incorporated observed spatio-temporal (process) variance and co-variation in vital rates, and projected the stable stage distribution (w) and population growth rate (lambda). We used perturbation analyses to examine the relative influence of changes in vital rates on lambda and variance decomposition to assess the proportion of variation in lambda explained by process variation in each vital rate. In addition to matrix-based lambda, we estimated lambda using capture-recapture approaches, and log-linear regression. We found the stable age distribution for Pacific common eiders was weighted heavily towards experienced adult females (>= 4 yr of age), and all calculations of l indicated that the YKD population was stable to slightly increasing (lambda(matrix) 1.02, CI: 1.00-1.04); lambda(reverse-capture-recapture) 1.05, CI: 0.99-1. 11; lambda(log-linear) 1.04, CI: 0.98-1.10). Perturbation analyses suggested the population would respond most dramatically to changes in adult female survival (relative influence of adult survival was 1.5 times that of fecundity), whereas retrospective variation in lambda was primarily explained by fecundity parameters (60%), particularly duckling survival (42%). Among components of fecundity, sensitivities were highest for duckling survival, suggesting this vital rate may be a current restriction to further population growth. Increasing adult survival would have the largest positive effects on population growth, but practical ways to influence this vital rate are currently limited. Given that eider laying dates and nest fates may be closely tied to those of sympatrically nesting species, we hypothesize that management actions facilitating early nesting and targeting other species (e. g., increasing overall potential for predator-swamping) may have positive, concurrent effects on nesting common eiders. If enhancing population growth is the objective and assuming the population is not currently at carrying capacity, we recommend an adaptive management approach. This approach would begin with focused efforts towards increasing reproductive output, with particular emphasis on strategies to increase both fecundity and nest survival, such as predator control on breeding grounds, followed by evaluation of population response. However, we conducted our modeling efforts under assumptions of density independence, whereas density-dependent mechanisms may have played an important role in the historic decline and subsequent stabilization of our population at a new, lower equilibrium. In an adaptive-management context, our results can be used to test additional (density-related) models; our predicted response would be compared with actual population response to prescribed management manipulations. Failure of the population to positively respond to increases in vital rates and negative correlations among vital rates would serve as evidence of density-dependent regulation. Rejection of the density-independent model would support management actions focused on habitat improvement. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Wilson, Heather M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grand, J. Barry] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Moran, Christine L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Wilson, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Waterfowl Management Branch, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM heather_wilson@fws.gov OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; Graduate School at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks FX Primary funding, logistical support, and in-kind services were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Administrative and academic support was provided by the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Institute of Arctic Biology, and a dissertation completion grant from the Graduate School at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management, Waterfowl Management Branch also provided salary support and office space during some portions of analysis and writing. We thank J. Bacon, F. Broerman, J. Duerfeldt, T. Hollmen, P. Lemons, T. Olsen, J. Oyen, B. Person, D. Poinsette, M. Rearden, J. Schamber, J. Sedinger, B. Strobel, G. Walters, L. Valadez, J. Wasley, M. Wege, and C. Wiseman, and 2002-2004 crews at the Tutakoke River camp, as well as all other involved personnel from previous Kashunuk River and Kigigak Island camps, for their field assistance and project support. R. Mullen and J. Reynolds consulted on R programming, A. Gall and J.-F. Giroux provided respective Spanish and French abstract translations, and R. Platte assisted with study area maps. E. Hellgren, T. Hollmen, M. Lindberg, E. Murphy, M. Runge, E. Taylor, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or company names is solely for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 189 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2012 IS 182 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1002/wmon.8 PG 28 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 035AP UT WOS:000310914300001 ER PT J AU Zhan, ZW Helmberger, D Simons, M Kanamori, H Wu, WB Cubas, N Duputel, Z Chu, RS Tsai, VC Avouac, JP Hudnut, KW Ni, SD Hetland, E Culaciati, FHO AF Zhan, Zhongwen Helmberger, Don Simons, Mark Kanamori, Hiroo Wu, Wenbo Cubas, Nadaya Duputel, Zacharie Chu, Risheng Tsai, Victor C. Avouac, Jean-Philippe Hudnut, Kenneth W. Ni, Sidao Hetland, Eric Culaciati, Francisco H. Ortega TI Anomalously steep dips of earthquakes in the 2011 Tohoku-Oki source region and possible explanations SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subduction zone; the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake; focal mechanism; fault geometry; seamount; fault zone structure ID TRENCH CONVERGENT MARGIN; M-W 9.0; SUBDUCTION-ZONE; PACIFIC COAST; ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX; EMPIRICAL RELATIONS; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; SOURCE INVERSION; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; SURFACE-WAVES AB The 2011 M-w 9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake had unusually large slip (over 50 m) concentrated in a relatively small region, with local stress drop inferred to be 5-10 times larger than that found for typical megathrust earthquakes. Here we conduct a detailed analysis of foreshocks and aftershocks (M-w 5.5-7.5) sampling this megathrust zone for possible clues regarding such differences in seismic excitation. We find that events occurring in the region that experienced large slip during the M-w 9.1 event had steeper dip angles (by 5-10 degrees) than the surrounding plate interface. This discrepancy cannot be explained by a single smooth plate interface. We provide three possible explanations. In Model I, the oceanic plate undergoes two sharp breaks in slope, which were not imaged well in previous seismic surveys. These break-points may have acted as strong seismic barriers in previous seismic ruptures, but may have failed in and contributed to the complex rupture pattern of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. In Model II, the discrepancy of dip angles is caused by a rough plate interface, which in turn may be the underlying cause for the overall strong coupling and concentrated energy-release. In Model III, the earthquakes with steeper dip angles did not occur on the plate interface, but on nearby steeper subfaults. Since the differences in dip angle are only 5-10 degrees, this last explanation would imply that the main fault has about the same strength as the nearby subfaults, rather than much weaker. A relatively uniform fault zone with both the main fault and the subfaults inside is consistent with Model III. Higher resolution source locations and improved models of the velocity structure of the megathrust fault zone are necessary to resolve these issues. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhan, Zhongwen; Helmberger, Don; Simons, Mark; Kanamori, Hiroo; Duputel, Zacharie; Chu, Risheng; Tsai, Victor C.; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Culaciati, Francisco H. Ortega] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wu, Wenbo] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Cubas, Nadaya] CALTECH, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Ni, Sidao] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, Wuhan 430077, Peoples R China. [Hetland, Eric] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zhan, ZW (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM zwzhan@gps.caltech.edu RI Hetland, Eric/D-4297-2012; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Ortega-Culaciati, Francisco Hernan/A-2587-2014; Tsai, Victor/J-8405-2012; Simons, Mark/N-4397-2015; Duputel, Zacharie/C-2906-2016; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/B-5699-2015 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Ortega-Culaciati, Francisco Hernan/0000-0002-2983-8646; Tsai, Victor/0000-0003-1809-6672; Simons, Mark/0000-0003-1412-6395; Duputel, Zacharie/0000-0002-8809-451X; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-3060-8442 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1142020] FX We thank Seiichi Miura, Narumi Takahashi, Aki Ito and Ryota Hino for providing their velocity models or earthquake catalog. We thank Robert Graves, another anonymous USGS internal reviewer and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that improved the manuscript The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) provided the seismic data. All figures are made with GMT. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant number EAR-1142020. Contribution #10080 of the Tectonic Observatory, California Institute of Technology. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 353 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.038 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 036GL UT WOS:000311014300013 ER PT J AU Peron, G Koons, DN AF Peron, Guillaume Koons, David N. TI Integrated modeling of communities: parasitism, competition, and demographic synchrony in sympatric ducks SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding success; Canvasback Aythya vaselineria; capture-mark-recapture; competition; density regulation; functional redundancy; neutral theory; niche theory; parasitism; Redhead Aythya americana; survival; Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey ID DIVING DUCKS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; RECAPTURE DATA; REGIME SHIFTS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; RESOURCE; CONSEQUENCES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Functionally similar species often co-occur within an ecosystem, and they can compete for or facilitate each other's access to resources. The coupled dynamics of such species play an important role in shaping biodiversity and an ecosystem's resilience to perturbations. Here we study two congeneric North American ducks: Redhead Aythya americana and Canvasback A. vaselineria. Both are largely sympatric during the breeding season, and in addition to competition, facultative parasitic egg-laying can lead to interspecific density dependence. Using multi-population integrated models, we combined capture-recovery data, population surveys, and age ratio data in order to simultaneously estimate the mechanistic drivers of fecundity, survival, and population dynamics for both species. Canvasback numbers positively affected Redhead fecundity, whereas Redhead numbers negatively affected Canvasback fecundity, as expected due to parasitism. This interaction was modulated by wetland habitat availability in a way that matched the observation that Redhead hens parasitize Canvasback nests under all conditions but exhibit typical nesting behavior more frequently during years with numerous ponds. Once these effects of density and habitat were statistically controlled for, we found high levels of interspecific synchrony in both fecundity and survival (respectively, 75% and 49% of remaining variation). Thus, both neutral and non-neutral mechanisms affected the dynamics of these functionally similar species. In this and other systems, our method can be used to test hypotheses about species coexistence and to gain insights into the demographic drivers of community dynamics. C1 [Peron, Guillaume; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Peron, Guillaume] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peron, G (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr RI PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013 FU Quinney postdoctoral fellowship at Utah State University FX G. Peron was funded by a Quinney postdoctoral fellowship at Utah State University. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, and we are also grateful to all people involved in data collection and management. D. N. Koons is grateful to T. Nudds for challenging waterfowl scientists to think beyond the population level. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 2456 EP 2464 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033XO UT WOS:000310834900016 PM 23236916 ER PT J AU Rush, SA Paterson, G Johnson, TB Drouillard, KG Haffner, GD Hebert, CE Arts, MT McGoldrick, DJ Backus, SM Lantry, BF Lantry, JR Schaner, T Fisk, AT AF Rush, Scott A. Paterson, Gordon Johnson, Tim B. Drouillard, Ken G. Haffner, Gordon D. Hebert, Craig E. Arts, Michael T. McGoldrick, Daryl J. Backus, Sean M. Lantry, Brian F. Lantry, Jana R. Schaner, Ted Fisk, Aaron T. TI Long-term impacts of invasive species on a native top predator in a large lake system SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nearshore; Neogobius melanostomus; offshore; Salvelinus namaycush; stable isotopes ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; ROUND GOBY; TROPHIC POSITION; CARBON ISOTOPES; ENERGY DENSITY; FISH COMMUNITY; ONTARIO; DYNAMICS AB 1. Declining abundances of forage fish and the introduction and establishment of non-indigenous species have the potential to substantially alter resource and habitat exploitation by top predators in large lakes. 2. We measured stable isotopes of carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) in field-collected and archived samples of Lake Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and five species of prey fish and compared current trophic relationships of this top predator with historical samples. 3. Relationships between d15N and lake trout age were temporally consistent throughout Lake Ontario and confirmed the role of lake trout as a top predator in this food web. However, d13C values for age classes of lake trout collected in 2008 ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 parts per thousand higher than those reported for the population sampled in 1992. 4. Isotope mixing models predicted that these changes in resource assimilation were owing to the replacement of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) by round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in lake trout diet and increased reliance on carbon resources derived from nearshore production. This contrasts with the historical situation in Lake Ontario where d13C values of the lake trout population were dominated by a reliance on offshore carbon production. 5. These results indicate a reduced capacity of the Lake Ontario offshore food web to support the energetic requirements of lake trout and that this top predator has become increasingly reliant on prey resources that are derived from nearshore carbon pathways. C1 [Rush, Scott A.; Paterson, Gordon; Drouillard, Ken G.; Haffner, Gordon D.; Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Johnson, Tim B.; Schaner, Ted] Glenora Fisheries Stn, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Picton, ON, Canada. [Hebert, Craig E.] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Arts, Michael T.; McGoldrick, Daryl J.; Backus, Sean M.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. [Lantry, Jana R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY USA. RP Rush, SA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM srush@cfr.msstate.edu OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Canada Research Chairs FX The authors thank J. Brush, J. Isaac, N. Jakobi, S. Wolfaardt, and M. Yuille for technical assistance in the collection, preparation and stable isotope analysis of lake trout and prey samples. This research was funded by a research grant awarded to the authors from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission with additional support received from Canada Research Chairs awarded to A. T. Fisk and G. D. Haffner. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for comments received on previous drafts of this manuscript. The mention of product trade names does not imply endorsement by the governments of Canada, the United States, the Province of Ontario, or New York State. This study includes data from Kiriluk et al. (1995). These data are (C) 2008 Canadian Science Publishing or its licensors and were reproduced with licensing permission granted to the authors from the National Research Council of Canada Research Press. This article is Contribution 1709 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 10 U2 147 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 IS 11 BP 2342 EP 2355 DI 10.1111/fwb.12014 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015MQ UT WOS:000309450700013 ER PT J AU Ely, LL Brossy, CC House, PK Safran, EB O'Connor, JE Champion, DE Fenton, CR Bondre, NR Orem, CA Grant, GE Henry, CD Turrin, BD AF Ely, Lisa L. Brossy, Cooper C. House, P. Kyle Safran, Elizabeth B. O'Connor, Jim E. Champion, Duane E. Fenton, Cassandra R. Bondre, Ninad R. Orem, Caitlin A. Grant, Gordon E. Henry, Christopher D. Turrin, Brent D. TI Owyhee River intracanyon lava flows: Does the river give a dam? SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN GRAND-CANYON; OUTBURST-FLOOD DEPOSITS; COSMOGENIC HE-3 AGES; GEOCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION; INCISION RATES; DEBRIS FLOWS; BASALT LAVA; IDAHO; ARIZONA; BEDROCK AB Rivers carved into uplifted plateaus are commonly disrupted by discrete events from the surrounding landscape, such as lava flows or large mass movements. These disruptions are independent of slope, basin area, or channel discharge, and can dominate aspects of valley morphology and channel behavior for many kilometers. We document and assess the effects of one type of disruptive event, lava dams, on river valley morphology and incision rates at a variety of time scales, using examples from the Owyhee River in southeastern Oregon. Six sets of basaltic lava flows entered and dammed the river canyon during two periods in the late Cenozoic ca. 2 Ma-780 ka and 250-70 ka. The dams are strongly asymmetric, with steep, blunt escarpments facing up valley and long, low slopes down valley. None of the darns shows evidence of catastrophic failure; all blocked the river and diverted water over or around the dam crest. The net effect of the dams was therefore to inhibit rather than promote incision. Once incision resumed, most of the intracanyon flows were incised relatively rapidly and therefore did not exert a lasting impact on the river valley profile over time scales >10(6) yr. The net long-term incision rate from the time of the oldest documented lava dam, the Bogus Rim lava dam (<= 1.7 Ma), to present was 0.18 mm/yr, but incision rates through or around individual lava dams were up to an order of magnitude greater. At least three lava dams (Bogus Rim, Saddle Butte, and West Crater) show evidence that incision initiated only after the impounded lakes filled completely with sediment and there was gravel transport across the dams. The most recent lava dam, formed by the West Crater lava flow around 70 ka, persisted for at least 25 k.y. before incision began, and the dam was largely removed within another 35 k.y. The time scale over which the lava dams inhibit incision is therefore directly affected by both the volume of lava forming the dam and the time required for sediment to fill the blocked valley. Variations in this primary process of incision through the lava dams could be influenced by additional independent factors such as regional uplift, drainage integration, or climate that affect the relative base level, discharge, and sediment yield within the watershed. By redirecting the river, tributaries, and subsequent lava flows to different parts of the canyon, lava dams create a distinct valley morphology of flat, broad basalt shelves capping steep cliffs of Tertiary sediment. This stratigraphy is conducive to landsliding and extends the effects of intracanyon lava flows on channel geomorphology beyond the lifetime of the dams. C1 [Ely, Lisa L.; Brossy, Cooper C.; Orem, Caitlin A.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [House, P. Kyle; Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safran, Elizabeth B.] Lewis & Clark Coll, Environm Studies Program, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [O'Connor, Jim E.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Champion, Duane E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fenton, Cassandra R.] SUERC, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Bondre, Ninad R.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Grant, Gordon E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Turrin, Brent D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Wright Geol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Ely, LL (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM ely@cwu.edu OI Fenton, Cassandra/0000-0002-2989-3629 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-617234]; Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research; Geological Society of America; Central Washington University (CWU); National Center for Laser Altimeter Mapping FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grant EAR-617234 to Ely, House, and Safran, with additional support from the Jack Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research, the Geological Society of America, and Central Washington University (CWU). LiDAR topography data were provided by a grant from the National Center for Laser Altimeter Mapping. Bill Hart provided analytical expertise and assistance with interpretation of the lava-flow ages. Andy Hunt and Bob Poreda contributed technical expertise and laboratory measurements in support of the cosmogenic radionuclide analyses. Shannon Othus, Tabitha Trosper, Katie Ryan, Bret Pecoraro, and other students from CWU, Lewis and Clark College, and the University of Nevada, Reno, assisted with field work or laboratory sample preparation. The Bureau of Land Management and local landowners granted access and logistical assistance. The manuscript was improved by reviews from Ryan Crow, Keith Howard, Jon Major, Kurt Othberg, and anonymous reviewers. This is the second publication of the Owyhee River Interstate Geologic Investigation Network (ORIGIN). NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 11-12 BP 1667 EP 1687 DI 10.1130/B30574.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 028GF UT WOS:000310410100001 ER PT J AU Tullis, TE Richards-Dinger, K Barall, M Dieterich, JH Field, EH Heien, EM Kellogg, LH Pollitz, FF Rundle, JB Sachs, MK Turcotte, DL Ward, SN Yikilmaz, MB AF Tullis, Terry E. Richards-Dinger, Keith Barall, Michael Dieterich, James H. Field, Edward H. Heien, Eric M. Kellogg, Louise H. Pollitz, Fred F. Rundle, John B. Sachs, Michael K. Turcotte, Donald L. Ward, Steven N. Yikilmaz, M. Burak TI Generic Earthquake Simulator SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; ROCK FRICTION; SLIP; MODEL; DEFORMATION; FAULT; LAWS C1 [Tullis, Terry E.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Richards-Dinger, Keith; Dieterich, James H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Barall, Michael] Invisible Software Inc, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. [Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Heien, Eric M.; Kellogg, Louise H.; Rundle, John B.; Turcotte, Donald L.; Yikilmaz, M. Burak] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rundle, John B.; Sachs, Michael K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ward, Steven N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rundle, John B.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Tullis, TE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM terry_tullis@brown.edu; emheien@ucdavis.edu; fpollitz@usgs.go; ward@es.ucsc.edu RI Kellogg, Louise/J-2171-2012 OI Kellogg, Louise/0000-0001-5874-0472 FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-0529922]; U.S. Geological Survey [07HQAG0008] FX We thank Hiroyuki Noda for a helpful and timely review and Jeanne Hardebeck for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1599. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 6 BP 959 EP 963 DI 10.1785/0220120093 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035FI UT WOS:000310928300003 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, Fred F. TI ViscoSim Earthquake Simulator SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS FAULTS; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; FIELD C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov FU Southern California Earthquake Center; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0529922]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [07HQAG0008] FX I thank Horoyuki Noda for his comments, which helped improve this paper. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1620. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 6 BP 979 EP 982 DI 10.1785/0220120050 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035FI UT WOS:000310928300006 ER PT J AU Tullis, TE Richards-Dinger, K Barall, M Dieterich, JH Field, EH Heien, EM Kellogg, LH Pollitz, FF Rundle, JB Sachs, MK Turcotte, DL Ward, SN Yikilmaz, MB AF Tullis, Terry E. Richards-Dinger, Keith Barall, Michael Dieterich, James H. Field, Edward H. Heien, Eric M. Kellogg, Louise H. Pollitz, Fred F. Rundle, John B. Sachs, Michael K. Turcotte, Donald L. Ward, Steven N. Yikilmaz, M. Burak TI A Comparison among Observations and Earthquake Simulator Results for the allcal2 California Fault Model SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 [Tullis, Terry E.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Richards-Dinger, Keith; Dieterich, James H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Barall, Michael] Invisible Software Inc, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. [Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Heien, Eric M.; Kellogg, Louise H.; Rundle, John B.; Turcotte, Donald L.; Yikilmaz, M. Burak] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rundle, John B.; Sachs, Michael K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ward, Steven N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rundle, John B.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Tullis, TE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM terry_tullis@brown.edu; fpollitz@usgs.gov RI Kellogg, Louise/J-2171-2012 OI Kellogg, Louise/0000-0001-5874-0472 FU Southern California Earthquake Center; National Science Foundation [EAR-0529922]; U.S. Geological Survey [07HQAG0008] FX This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1599. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 6 BP 994 EP 1006 DI 10.1785/0220120094 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035FI UT WOS:000310928300009 ER PT J AU Breit, G Guo, HM AF Breit, George Guo, Huaming TI Geochemistry of arsenic during low-temperature water-rock interaction Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INNER-MONGOLIA; GROUNDWATER; BASIN; MOBILIZATION; ARGENTINA; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFER; AREA AB High arsenic water has been a global focus of both scientists and water supply managers because of its serious adverse impact on human health and wide distribution in the world. Processes of redox, sorption, precipitation, and dissolution release arsenic in both natural systems and in environments intensely modified by human activities. In natural systems, groundwater arsenic is controlled by lithologic c, sedimentation conditions, hydrogeologic setting and groundwater chemistry. However, in the intensely human-affected systems (such as mining and tilling areas), arsenic mobilization is dependent on the composition of the primary materials, treatment methods, storage design, and local climate. Well-designed experimental systems aid in characterizing sorption, precipitation, and redox processes associated with arsenic dynamics during water-rock interaction. Continued investigations of field sites will further refine understanding of the processes favoring arsenic mobility in the range of natural and man-made systems. The combination of field and experimental studies will lead to better understanding of arsenic cycling in all systems and sustainable management of water resources in arsenic-affected areas. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Breit, George] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Guo, Huaming] China Univ Geosci, Sch Water Resources & Environm, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Breit, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM hmguo@cugb.edu.cn RI Guo, Huaming/E-7372-2010 OI Guo, Huaming/0000-0002-4408-8775 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 27 IS 11 BP 2157 EP 2159 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.015 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032YN UT WOS:000310757000001 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH DeWitt, E Arnold, LR AF Johnson, Raymond H. DeWitt, Ed Arnold, L. Rick TI Using hydrogeology to identify the source of groundwater to Montezuma Well, a natural spring in Central Arizona, USA: part 1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Montezuma Well; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Natural spring AB Montezuma Well is a natural spring located within a "sinkhole" in the desert environment of the Verde Valley in Central Arizona. It is managed by the National Park Service as part of Montezuma Castle National Monument. Because of increasing development of groundwater in the area, this research was undertaken to better understand the sources of groundwater to Montezuma Well. The use of well logs and geophysics provides details on the geology in the area around Montezuma Well. This includes characterizing the extent and position of a basalt dike that intruded a deep fracture zone. This low permeability barrier forces groundwater to the surface at the Montezuma Well "pool" with sufficient velocity to entrain sand-sized particles from underlying bedrock. Permeable fractures along and above the basalt dike provide conduits that carry deep sourced carbon dioxide to the surface, which can dissolve carbonate minerals along the transport path in response to the added carbon dioxide. At the ground surface, CO2 degasses, depositing travertine. Geologic cross sections, rock geochemistry, and semi-quantitative groundwater flow modeling provide a hydrogeologic framework that indicates groundwater flow through a karstic limestone at depth (Redwall Limestone) as the most significant source of groundwater to Montezuma Well. Additional groundwater flow from the overlying formations (Verde Formation and Permian Sandstones) is a possibility, but significant flow from these units is not indicated. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.; DeWitt, Ed; Arnold, L. Rick] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov FU National Park Service FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Park Service. The authors extend thanks to park superintendent Kathy Davis and all the staff at Montezuma Castle National Monument who assisted us with site logistics and access for sampling. Special thanks go to the National Park Service Water Resources Division project coordinator, Paul Christensen, for all of his help and support. We also thank the National Park Service divers for their help in getting the first groundwater samples that have ever been collected directly from the Montezuma Well vents (not just in the pond). We are grateful for the efforts of Dick Tripp in completing the mineral separation of grains in the vent sands and identifying the major minerals by their optical properties, along with Bill Benzel for identifying minor phases by X-ray diffraction analysis. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1835 DI 10.1007/s12665-012-1801-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 031BY UT WOS:000310615100023 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH DeWitt, E Wirt, L Manning, AH Hunt, AG AF Johnson, Raymond H. DeWitt, Ed. Wirt, Laurie Manning, Andrew H. Hunt, Andrew G. TI Using geochemistry to identify the source of groundwater to Montezuma Well, a natural spring in Central Arizona, USA: part 2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Montezuma Well; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Natural spring; Geochemistry; Noble gases; Helium isotopes; Strontium isotopes ID NOBLE-GASES; WATERS; RECHARGE; PALEOTEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; ISOTOPE; SYSTEM; FLUIDS; FAULT; CRUST AB Montezuma Well is a unique natural spring located in a sinkhole surrounded by travertine. Montezuma Well is managed by the National Park Service, and groundwater development in the area is a potential threat to the water source for Montezuma Well. This research was undertaken to better understand the sources of groundwater to Montezuma Well. Strontium isotopes (Sr-87/Sr-86) indicate that groundwater in the recharge area has flowed through surficial basalts with subsequent contact with the underlying Permian aged sandstones and the deeper, karstic, Mississippian Redwall Limestone. The distinctive geochemistry in Montezuma Well and nearby Soda Springs (higher concentrations of alkalinity, As, B, Cl, and Li) is coincident with added carbon dioxide and mantle-sourced He. The geochemistry and isotopic data from Montezuma Well and Soda Springs allow for the separation of groundwater samples into four categories: (1) upgradient, (2) deep groundwater with carbon dioxide, (3) shallow Verde Formation, and (4) mixing zone. delta O-18 and delta D values, along with noble gas recharge elevation data, indicate that the higher elevation areas to the north and east of Montezuma Well are the groundwater recharge zones for Montezuma Well and most of the groundwater in this portion of the Verde Valley. Adjusted groundwater age dating using likely C-14 and delta C-13 sources indicate an age for Montezuma Well and Soda Springs groundwaters at 5,400-13,300 years, while shallow groundwater in the Verde Formation appears to be older (18,900). Based on water chemistry and isotopic evidence, groundwater flow to Montezuma Well is consistent with a hydrogeologic framework that indicates groundwater flow by (1) recharge in higher elevation basalts to the north and east of Montezuma Well, (2) movement through the upgradient Permian and Mississippian units, especially the Redwall Limestone, and (3) contact with a basalt dike/fracture system that provides a mechanism for groundwater to flow to the surface. While the exact nature of the groundwater flow connections is still uncertain, the available data indicate that flow to Montezuma Well may be more susceptible to future groundwater development in the Redwall Limestone than from any other geologic unit. Overall, the shallow groundwater in the surrounding Verde Formation appears to be largely disconnected from deeper groundwater flowing to Montezuma Well. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.; DeWitt, Ed.; Wirt, Laurie; Manning, Andrew H.; Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov OI Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 FU National Park Service FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Park Service. Special thanks go to the Montezuma Castle National Monument superintendent, Kathy Davis, and our National Park Service Water Resources Division project coordinator, Paul Christensen, for all of their help and support. Special thanks goes to John Horton (USGS) for his GIS assistance. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1837 EP 1853 DI 10.1007/s12665-012-1844-3 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 031BY UT WOS:000310615100024 ER PT J AU Lerner, DT Sheridan, MA McCormick, SD AF Lerner, Darren T. Sheridan, Mark A. McCormick, Stephen D. TI Estrogenic compounds decrease growth hormone receptor abundance and alter osmoregulation in Atlantic salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrogen; Nonylphenol; Growth hormone; Insulin-like growth -factor I; Ionocyte; Atlantic salmon ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; SEX STEROID PROFILES; K+-ATPASE ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR-I; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; CHLORIDE CELLS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS AB Exposure of Atlantic salmon smolts to estrogenic compounds is shown to compromise several aspects of smolt development. We sought to determine the underlying endocrine mechanisms of estrogen impacts on the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis. Smolts in freshwater (FW) were either injected 3 times over 10 days with 2 mu g g(-1) 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or 150 mu g g(-1) 4-nonylphenol (NP). Seawater (SW)-acclimated fish received intraperitoneal implants of 30 mu g g(-1) E2 over two weeks. Treatment with these estrogenic compounds increased hepatosomatic index and total plasma calcium. E2 and NP reduced maximum growth hormone binding by 30-60% in hepatic and branchial membranes in RN and SW, but did not alter the dissociation constant. E2 and NP treatment decreased plasma levels of IGF-I levels in both FW and SW. In RN E2 and NP decreased plasma GH whereas in SW plasma GH increased after E2 treatment. Compared to controls, plasma chloride concentrations of E2-treated fish were decreased 5.5 mM in FW and increased 10.5 mM in SW. There was no effect of NP or E2 on gill sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity in RN smolts, whereas E2 treatment in SW reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and altered the number and size of ionocytes. Our data indicate that E2 downregulates the GH/IGF-I-axis and SW tolerance which may be part of its normal function for reproduction and movement into FW. We conclude that the mechanism of endocrine disruption of smolt development by NP is in part through alteration of the GH/IGF-I axis via reduced GH receptor abundance. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lerner, Darren T.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lerner, Darren T.; McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lerner, Darren T.; McCormick, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Sheridan, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Lerner, DT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM lerner@hawaii.edu FU NICHD; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA16RG2273, R/B-165] FX We thank the White River National Fish Hatchery, US Fish and Wildlife Service for providing the fish used in these studies. This work could not have been completed without the technical assistance of A. Reggish, A. Keyes, J. Kittilson, M. Monette, and M. O'Dea. The alpha 5 antibody, developed by D. M. Fambrough, was obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, developed under the auspices of the NICHD, and maintained by the University of Iowa, Department of Biological Science, Iowa City, IA 52242. This research was supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Sea Grant Program, under grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA16RG2273, project no. R/B-165. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 179 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.08.001 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 034HM UT WOS:000310863500007 PM 22906423 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Meine, C AF Hunt, Randall J. Meine, Curt TI Luna B. Leopold-Pioneer Setting the Stage for Modern Hydrology SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Meine, Curt] Aldo Leopold Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), USGS, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 966 EP 970 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 032OR UT WOS:000310729100020 PM 23013116 ER PT J AU Falcini, F Khan, NS Macelloni, L Horton, BP Lutken, CB McKee, KL Santoleri, R Colella, S Li, CY Volpe, G D'Emidio, M Salusti, A Jerolmack, DJ AF Falcini, Federico Khan, Nicole S. Macelloni, Leonardo Horton, Benjamin P. Lutken, Carol B. McKee, Karen L. Santoleri, Rosalia Colella, Simone Li, Chunyan Volpe, Gianluca D'Emidio, Marco Salusti, Alessandro Jerolmack, Douglas J. TI Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; DELTA; WATER; RESTORATION; DIVERSION; DYNAMICS AB Wetlands in the Mississippi River deltaic plain are deteriorating(1) in part because levees and control structures starve them of sediment(2-4). In spring 2011 a record-breaking flood brought discharge on the lower Mississippi River to dangerous levels, forcing managers to divert up to 3,500 m(3) s(-1) of water to the Atchafalaya River Basin(5). Here we use field-calibrated satellite data to quantify differences in inundation and sediment-plume patterns between the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River. We assess the impact of these extreme outflows on wetland sedimentation, and use in situ data collected during the historic flood to characterize the Mississippi plume's hydrodynamics and suspended sediment. We show that a focused, high-momentum jet emerged from the leveed Mississippi, and delivered sediment far offshore. In contrast, the plume from the Atchafalaya was more diffuse; diverted water inundated a large area, and sediment was trapped within the coastal current. The largest sedimentation, of up to several centimetres, occurred in the Atchafalaya Basin despite the larger sediment load carried by the Mississippi. Sediment accumulation was lowest along the shoreline between the two river sources. We conclude that river-mouth hydrodynamics and wetland sedimentation patterns are mechanistically linked, providing results that are relevant for plans to restore deltaic wetlands using artificial diversions(2-4,6-8). C1 [Falcini, Federico; Khan, Nicole S.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Salusti, Alessandro; Jerolmack, Douglas J.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Falcini, Federico; Santoleri, Rosalia; Colella, Simone; Volpe, Gianluca] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Falcini, Federico] Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Falcini, Federico] Univ Minnesota, Natl Ctr Earth Surface Dynam, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Macelloni, Leonardo; Lutken, Carol B.; D'Emidio, Marco] Univ Mississippi, Mississippi Mineral Resources Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Li, Chunyan] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Salusti, Alessandro] Dipartimento Sci Geol, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Jerolmack, DJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM sediment@sas.upenn.edu RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; COLELLA, SIMONE/0000-0002-7727-7353; Macelloni, Leonardo/0000-0001-5238-3398; VOLPE, GIANLUCA/0000-0002-3916-5393; Falcini, Federico/0000-0001-8105-2491 FU NSF-RAPID awards [EAR-1140269, OCE-1140307]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310101]; University of Pennsylvania's Benjamin Franklin Fellowship; European Commission [283367] FX This work was supported by NSF-RAPID awards (EAR-1140269; OCE-1140307), a NOAA grant (NA11OAR4310101) and the University of Pennsylvania's Benjamin Franklin Fellowship, and received further logistical support from the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (EAR-0722476). The CNR WORK was partially financially supported by the European Commission MyOcean-2 Project grant agreement (283367). We thank C. Vervaeke and A. Constantin for assistance with the helicopter survey and T. Touchet, M. Enache, M. Mills and T. Dura for assistance with sediment and diatom analyses. Field support from the crew of R/V Acadiana, C. Zhang, P. Dash, A. and A. Kolker is very much appreciated. We also thank V. Forneris for the collection of L-1A data products. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes alone and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This paper is a contribution to IGCP project 588 (Preparing for coastal change) and PALSEA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 803 EP 807 DI 10.1038/NGEO1615 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 032HZ UT WOS:000310707900017 ER PT J AU Gonnermann, HM Foster, JH Poland, M Wolfe, CJ Brooks, BA Miklius, A AF Gonnermann, Helge M. Foster, James H. Poland, Michael Wolfe, Cecily J. Brooks, Benjamin A. Miklius, Asta TI Coupling at Mauna Loa and Kilauea by stress transfer in an asthenospheric melt layer SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; MANTLE; MAGMA; HAWAII; PLUME AB The eruptive activity at the neighbouring Hawaiian volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa, is thought to be linked(1-3), despite both having separate lithospheric magmatic plumbing systems. Over the past century, activity at the two volcanoes has been anti-correlated, which could reflect a competition for the same magma supply(1,2). Yet, during the past decade Kilauea and Mauna Loa have inflated simultaneously(3). Linked activity between adjacent volcanoes in general remains controversial(4-6). Here we present a numerical model for the dynamical interaction between Kilauea and Mauna Loa, where both volcanoes are coupled by pore-pressure diffusion, occurring within a common, asthenospheric magma supply system. The model is constrained by measurements of gas emission rates(7,8), indicative of eruptive activity, and it is calibrated to match geodetic measurements of surface deformation at both volcanoes, inferred to reflect changes in shallow magma storage. Although an increase in the asthenospheric magma supply can cause simultaneous inflation of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, we find that eruptive activity at one volcano may inhibit eruptions of the adjacent volcano, if there is no concurrent increase in magma supply. We conclude that dynamic stress transfer by asthenospheric pore pressure is a viable mechanism for volcano coupling at Hawai'i, and perhaps for adjacent volcanoes elsewhere. C1 [Gonnermann, Helge M.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Foster, James H.; Wolfe, Cecily J.; Brooks, Benjamin A.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Poland, Michael; Miklius, Asta] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Wolfe, Cecily J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Gonnermann, HM (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM helge@rice.edu RI Foster, James/G-7942-2012; OI Foster, James/0000-0003-2052-5798; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU USGS; NSF; NASA FX The Kilauea and Mauna Loa GPS networks are supported by grants from the USGS, NSF and NASA and operated in collaboration by the USGS, Stanford University and the Pacific GPS Facility at the University of Hawai'i. The authors thank J. Sutton for providing access to the CO2 data and S.E. Ingebritsen for constructive comments. H.M.G. thanks A. M. Jellinek and T. Fournier for constructive discussions. This work was supported by the USGS and by the NSF Geophysics and Volcanology & Petrology programmes. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 826 EP 829 DI 10.1038/NGEO1612 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 032HZ UT WOS:000310707900022 ER PT J AU Madole, RF AF Madole, Richard F. TI Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and response to climate change in the Roaring River valley, Front Range, Colorado, USA (vol 78, pg 197, 2012) SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Madole, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM madole@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 3 BP 598 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.08.007 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 033ST UT WOS:000310822100019 ER PT J AU Williams, AP Funk, C Michaelsen, J Rauscher, SA Robertson, I Wils, THG Koprowski, M Eshetu, Z Loader, NJ AF Williams, A. Park Funk, Chris Michaelsen, Joel Rauscher, Sara A. Robertson, Iain Wils, Tommy H. G. Koprowski, Marcin Eshetu, Zewdu Loader, Neil J. TI Recent summer precipitation trends in the Greater Horn of Africa and the emerging role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE African monsoon; Indian Ocean warming; Drought; Moisture transports; Energy flux; Tree rings; Stable isotopes; Global warming; Food security ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY TRANSPORTS; JUNE-SEPTEMBER RAINFALL; TREE-RING CELLULOSE; WEST-AFRICA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; ALPHA-CELLULOSE AB We utilize a variety of climate datasets to examine impacts of two mechanisms on precipitation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) during northern-hemisphere summer. First, surface-pressure gradients draw moist air toward the GHA from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Congo Basin. Variability of the strength of these gradients strongly influences GHA precipitation totals and accounts for important phenomena such as the 1960s-1980s rainfall decline and devastating 1984 drought. Following the 1980s, precipitation variability became increasingly influenced by the southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) region. Within this region, increases in sea-surface temperature, evaporation, and precipitation are linked with increased exports of dry mid-tropospheric air from the STIO region toward the GHA. Convergence of dry air above the GHA reduces local convection and precipitation. It also produces a clockwise circulation response near the ground that reduces moisture transports from the Congo Basin. Because precipitation originating in the Congo Basin has a unique isotopic signature, records of moisture transports from the Congo Basin may be preserved in the isotopic composition of annual tree rings in the Ethiopian Highlands. A negative trend in tree-ring oxygen-18 during the past half century suggests a decline in the proportion of precipitation originating from the Congo Basin. This trend may not be part of a natural cycle that will soon rebound because climate models characterize Indian Ocean warming as a principal signature of greenhouse-gas induced climate change. We therefore expect surface warming in the STIO region to continue to negatively impact GHA precipitation during northern-hemisphere summer. C1 [Williams, A. Park] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Williams, A. Park; Funk, Chris; Michaelsen, Joel] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Rauscher, Sara A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Robertson, Iain; Loader, Neil J.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Wils, Tommy H. G.] Rotterdam Univ, Dept Geog, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Koprowski, Marcin] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Lab Dendrochronol, Inst Ecol & Environm Protect, Torun, Poland. [Eshetu, Zewdu] Ethiopian Inst Agr Res, Forestry Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Williams, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM parkwilliams@lanl.gov RI Robertson, Iain/H-5327-2012; Koprowski, Marcin/A-2863-2014; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016 OI Robertson, Iain/0000-0001-7174-4523; Koprowski, Marcin/0000-0002-0583-4165; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166 FU U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network under U.S. Geological Survey [G09AC00001]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Precipitation Science [NNX07AG266]; U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program; Climate Change Consortium of Wales; Royal Society (UK); CHG FX This research was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System Network under U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement #G09AC00001 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Precipitation Science Grant #NNX07AG266. Park Williams and Sara Rauscher gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program. Iain Robertson is supported by the Climate Change Consortium of Wales. Marcin Koprowski was supported by an International Incoming Short Visit from the Royal Society (UK). Ethiopian precipitation data were provided by the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency. Thanks to Tufa Dinku for assisting the authors in obtaining this data purchase, providing the best possible foundation for an analysis of trends in Ethiopia. Thanks to Greg Husak for his invaluable part in obtaining CHG funding. Comments by Amy McNally, Brian Osborn, Charles Jones, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Harikishan Jayanthi, Kevin Anchukaitis, Kyle Cavanaugh, Leila Carvalho, Lonnie Thompson, Naomi Levin, Tom Adamson, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NCEP/NCAR data were accessed online through the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Physical Sciences Division (PSD, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd). ECMWF data were produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-40 project (http://www. data.ecmwf.int/data/). GHCN data were accessed from the National Climate Data Center (ftp://ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/v2/). NR 91 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 IS 9-10 BP 2307 EP 2328 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1222-y PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025VQ UT WOS:000310224400013 ER PT J AU Starn, JJ Bagtzoglou, AC Robbins, GA AF Starn, J. Jeffrey Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. Robbins, Gary A. TI Methods for simulating solute breakthrough curves in pumping groundwater wells SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Particle methods; Convolution; Residence time; Groundwater transport; Kernel density estimation ID PARTICLE-TRACKING; FLOW MODELS; WEAK SINKS; TRANSPORT; DISTRIBUTIONS; VULNERABILITY; EFFICIENT; AQUIFERS; SYSTEMS; TIME AB In modeling there is always a trade-off between execution time and accuracy. For gradient-based parameter estimation methods, where a simulation model is run repeatedly to populate a Jacobian (sensitivity) matrix, there exists a need for rapid simulation methods of known accuracy that can decrease execution time, and thus make the model more useful without sacrificing accuracy. Convolution-based methods can be executed rapidly for any desired input function once the residence-time distribution is known. The residence-time distribution can be calculated efficiently using particle tracking, but particle tracking can be ambiguous near a pumping well if the grid is too coarse. We present several embedded analytical expressions for improving particle tracking near a pumping well and compare them with a finely gridded finite-difference solution in terms of accuracy and CPU usage. Even though the embedded analytical approach can improve particle tracking near a well, particle methods reduce, but do not eliminate, reliance on a grid because velocity fields typically are calculated on a grid, and additional error is incurred using linear interpolation of velocity. A dilution rate can be calculated for a given grid and Pumping well to determine if the grid is sufficiently refined. Embedded analytical expressions increase accuracy but add significantly to CPU usage. Structural error introduced by the numerical solution method may affect parameter estimates. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Starn, J. Jeffrey; Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. [Robbins, Gary A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Starn, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM jjstarn@usgs.gov RI Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios/C-4563-2011; OI Starn, Jon/0000-0001-5909-0010 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 BP 244 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.01.011 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 020CB UT WOS:000309785200028 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Hulse, CS Rice, CP AF Vyas, Nimish B. Hulse, Craig S. Rice, Clifford P. TI Chlorophacinone residues in mammalian prey at a black-tailed prairie dog colony SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anticoagulant; Rodenticide; Rozol; Secondary poisoning AB Black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPDs), Cynomys ludovicianus, are an important prey for raptors; therefore, the use of the rodenticide Rozol (0.005% chlorophacinone active ingredient) to control BTPDs raises concern for secondary poisonings resulting from the consumption of contaminated prey by raptors. In the present study, the authors observed Rozol exposure and adverse effects to mammalian prey on 11 of 12 search days of the study. Mammalian hepatic chlorophacinone residues ranged from 0.44 to 7.56 mu g/g. Poisoned prey availability was greater than previously reported. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 25132516. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Vyas, Nimish B.; Hulse, Craig S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM nvyas@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2513 EP 2516 DI 10.1002/etc.1968 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 026LX UT WOS:000310281300010 PM 22865654 ER PT J AU Suski, JG Salice, CJ Patino, R AF Suski, Jamie G. Salice, Christopher J. Patino, Reynaldo TI Species-specific and transgenerational responses to increasing salinity in sympatric freshwater gastropods SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Freshwater gastropod; Salinity; Specific conductance; Life history; Tolerance ID ROAD DEICING SALT; SNAIL PHYSA-ACUTA; BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA; 2 STRAINS; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; RANA; COMMUNITIES; PESTICIDE; TOLERANCE AB Freshwater salinization is a global concern partly attributable to anthropogenic salt contamination. The authors examined the effects of increased salinity (as NaCl, 2504,000 mu S/cm, specific conductance) on two sympatric freshwater gastropods (Helisoma trivolvis and Physa pomillia). Life stage sensitivities were determined by exposing naive eggs or naive juveniles (through adulthood and reproduction). Additionally, progeny eggs from the juvenile-adult exposures were maintained at their respective parental salinities to examine transgenerational effects. Naive H. trivolvis eggs experienced delayed development at specific conductance?>?250 mu S/cm; reduced survivorship and reproduction were also seen in juvenile H. trivolvis at 4,000 mu S/cm. Survival and growth of P. pomilia were not affected by increased salinity following egg or juvenile exposures. Interestingly, the progeny of H. trivolvis exposed to higher salinity may have gained tolerance to increased salinity whereas P. pomilia progeny may have experienced negative transgenerational effects. The present study demonstrates that freshwater snail species vary in their tolerance to salinization and also highlights the importance of multigenerational studies, as stressor impacts may not be readily apparent from shorter term exposures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 25172524. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Suski, Jamie G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Suski, Jamie G.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Salice, Christopher J.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Suski, JG (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Jamie.suski@ttu.edu FU Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The present study was funded in part by intramural funds through the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2517 EP 2524 DI 10.1002/etc.1972 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 026LX UT WOS:000310281300011 PM 22865709 ER PT J AU Jenko, K Karouna-Renier, NK Hoffman, DJ AF Jenko, Kathryn Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Hoffman, David J. TI Gene expression, glutathione status, and indicators of hepatic oxidative stress in laughing gull (Larus atricilla) hatchlings exposed to methylmercury SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Oxidative stress; Gene expression; Laughing gull; Larus atricilla ID MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS; MALLARD DUCKS; FRESH-WATER; RAT-LIVER; MERCURY; TRANSPORT; BIRDS; EGGS; METALLOTHIONEIN; SENSITIVITY AB Despite extensive studies of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in birds, molecular effects on birds are poorly characterized. To improve our understanding of toxicity pathways and identify novel indicators of avian exposure to Hg, the authors investigated genomic changes, glutathione status, and oxidative status indicators in liver from laughing gull (Larus atricilla) hatchlings that were exposed in ovo to MeHg (0.051.6 mu g/g). Genes involved in the transsulfuration pathway, iron transport and storage, thyroid-hormone related processes, and cellular respiration were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization as differentially expressed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) identified statistically significant effects of Hg on cytochrome C oxidase subunits I and II, transferrin, and methionine adenosyltransferase RNA expression. Glutathione-S-transferase activity and protein-bound sulfhydryl levels decreased, whereas glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased dose-dependently. Total sulfhydryl concentrations were significantly lower at 0.4 mu g/g Hg than in controls. Together, these endpoints provided some evidence of compensatory effects, but little indication of oxidative damage at the tested doses, and suggest that sequestration of Hg through various pathways may be important for minimizing toxicity in laughing gulls. This is the first study to describe the genomic response of an avian species to Hg. Laughing gulls are among the less sensitive avian species with regard to Hg toxicity, and their ability to prevent hepatic oxidative stress may be important for surviving levels of MeHg exposures at which other species succumb. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 25882596. (C) 2012 SETAC C1 [Jenko, Kathryn; Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.; Hoffman, David J.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jenko, Kathryn] Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Karouna-Renier, NK (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. EM nkarouna@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX We are indebted to G. Heinz for providing us with the dosed hatchlings used for these analyses and for his suggestions, discussions, and reviews of this manuscript. We thank Y. Chen and L. Robertson for their reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank C. Maddox for her assistance. Funding for this work was provided by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program and the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2588 EP 2596 DI 10.1002/etc.1985 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 026LX UT WOS:000310281300020 PM 22890840 ER PT J AU Zhang, TW Ellis, GS Ma, QS Amrani, A Tang, YC AF Zhang, Tongwei Ellis, Geoffrey S. Ma, Qisheng Amrani, Alon Tang, Yongchun TI Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC INTERACTIONS; THERMAL CHEMICAL ALTERATION; SICHUAN BASIN; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SMACKOVER FORMATION; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; CARBONATE RESERVOIRS; SANGERHAUSEN BASIN; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE AB To determine kinetic parameters of sulfate reduction by hydrocarbons (HC) without the initial presence of low valence sulfur, we carried out a series of isothermal gold-tube hydrous-pyrolysis experiments at 320, 340, and 360 degrees C under a constant confined pressure of 24.1 MPa. The reactants used consisted of saturated HC (sulfur-free) and CaSO4 in an aqueous solution buffered to three different pH conditions without the addition of elemental sulfur (S-8) or H2S as initiators. H2S produced in the course of reaction was proportional to the extent of the reduction of CaSO4 that was initially the only sulfur-containing reactant. Our results show that the in situ pH of the aqueous solution (herein, in situ pH refers to the calculated pH value of the aqueous solution at certain experimental conditions) can significantly affect the rate of the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction. A substantial increase in the TSR reaction rate was observed with a decrease in the in situ pH. Our experimental results show that uncatalyzed TSR is a first-order reaction. The temperature dependence of experimentally measured H2S yields from sulfate reduction was fit with the Arrhenius equation. The determined activation energy for HC (sulfur-free) reacting with HSO4- in our experiments is 246.6 kJ/mol at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 3.5, which is slightly higher than the theoretical value of 227.0 kJ/mol using ab initio quantum chemical calculations on a similar reaction. Although the availability of reactive sulfate significantly affects the rate of reaction, a consistent rate constant was determined by accounting for the HSO4- ion concentration. Our experimental and theoretical approach to the determination of the kinetics of TSR is further validated by a reevaluation of several published experimental TSR datasets without the initial presence of native sulfur or H2S. When the effect of reactive sulfate concentration is appropriately accounted for, the published experimental TSR data yield kinetic parameters that are consistent with our values. Assuming MgSO4 contact-ion-pair ([MgSO4](CIP)) as the reactive form of sulfate in petroleum reservoir formation waters, a simple extrapolation of our experimentally derived HSO4- reduction kinetics as a proxy for [MgSO4](CIP) to geologically reasonable conditions predicts onset temperatures (130-140 degrees C) that are comparable to those observed in nature. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Qisheng; Tang, Yongchun] Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA 91722 USA. [Zhang, Tongwei] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Amrani, Alon] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Tang, YC (reprint author), Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, 738 Arrow Grand Circle, Covina, CA 91722 USA. EM tang@peeri.org RI Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; Ellis, Geoffrey/G-8970-2011; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU Joint Industrial Program on Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction at the Power, Environmental, and Energy Research Center at the California Institute of Technology FX This research was supported by the Joint Industrial Program on Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction at the Power, Environmental, and Energy Research Center at the California Institute of Technology. Industrial sponsors include BP, Chevron, ENI, ExxonMobil, SaudiAramco, Shell Oil and Total. This work benefited from collaborations and discussions with many colleagues, and we would especially like to thank M. Haught for his help in gold-tube pyrolysis and GC gas quantification. Technical reviews were provided by Cliff Walters, Mike Lewan, and Richard Worden, and additional helpful editorial comments were made by Dick Keefer. Publication authorized by the Director, Bureau of Economic Geology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 96 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 028MU UT WOS:000310427200001 ER PT J AU Person, M Hofstra, A Sweetkind, D Stone, W Cohen, D Gable, CW Banerjee, A AF Person, M. Hofstra, A. Sweetkind, D. Stone, W. Cohen, D. Gable, C. W. Banerjee, A. TI Analytical and numerical models of hydrothermal fluid flow at fault intersections SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE convection; faults; groundwater; numerical modeling ID EXTENSIONAL GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; GREAT-BASIN; THERMAL-CONVECTION; NEVADA; MINERALIZATION; PERMEABILITY; BEOWAWE; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT AB Fault intersections are the locus of hot spring activity and Carlin-type gold mineralization within the Basin and Range, USA. Analytical and numerical solutions to Stokes equation suggest that peak fluid velocities at fault intersections increase between 20% and 47% when fracture apertures have identical widths but increase by only about 1% and 8% when aperture widths vary by a factor of 2. This suggests that fault zone intersections must have enlarged apertures. Three-dimensional finite element models that consider intersecting 10- to 20-m wide fault planes resulted in hot spring activity being preferentially located at fault zone intersections when fault zones were assigned identical permeabilities. We found that the onset of convection at the intersections of the fault zones occurred in our hydrothermal model over a narrow permeability range between 5 x 10-13 and 7 x 10-13 m2. Relatively high vertical fluid velocities (0.33 m year-1) extended away from the fault intersections for about 0.51.5 km. For the boundary conditions and fault plane dimensions used, peak discharge temperatures of 112 degrees C at the water table occurred with an intermediate fault zone permeability of 5 x 10-13 m2. When fault plane permeability differed by a factor of 2 or more, the locus of hot spring activity shifted away from the intersections. However, increasing the permeability at the core of the fault plane intersection by 40% shifted the discharge back to the intersections. When aquifer units were assigned a permeability value equal to those of the fault planes, convective rolls developed that extend about 3 km laterally along the fault plane and into the adjacent aquifer. C1 [Person, M.; Banerjee, A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hofstra, A.; Sweetkind, D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stone, W.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Math, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Cohen, D.] Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Carouge, Switzerland. [Gable, C. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Person, M (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM mperson@nmt.edu RI Banerjee, Amlan/P-9658-2016; OI Banerjee, Amlan/0000-0002-2065-1391; Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796; Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 FU Department of Energy IGPP program; National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR 0809644]; U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Program FX We thank Mark Coolbaugh for his insights into Basin and Range geothermal systems and for the insightful review of Dr. Andy Manning of the USGS as well as two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by the Department of Energy IGPP program under a grant to Carl Gable and Mark Person, the National Science Foundation under grant NSF-EAR 0809644 to Mark Person and Albert Hofstra, and by the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Program, which funded the Metallogeny of the Great Basin project. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 DI 10.1111/gfl.12002 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 029DC UT WOS:000310474000004 ER PT J AU Plummer, LN Eggleston, JR Andreasen, DC Raffensperger, JP Hunt, AG Casile, GC AF Plummer, L. N. Eggleston, J. R. Andreasen, D. C. Raffensperger, J. P. Hunt, A. G. Casile, G. C. TI Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4 SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Coastal aquifers; Groundwater age; Radioactive isotopes; Atlantic Coastal Plain; USA ID GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; UNITED-STATES; NOBLE-GASES; SOUTHERN MARYLAND; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER; AUSTRALIA; HELIUM; CARBON; KR-81 AB Apparent groundwater ages along two flow paths in the upper Patapsco aquifer of the Maryland Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA, were estimated using C-14, Cl-36 and He-4 data. Most of the ages range from modern to about 500 ka, with one sample at 117 km downgradient from the recharge area dated by radiogenic He-4 accumulation at more than one Ma. Last glacial maximum (LGM) water was located about 20 km downgradient on the northern flow path, where the radiocarbon age was 21.5 ka, paleorecharge temperatures were 0.5-1.5 A degrees C (a maximum cooling of about 12 A degrees C relative to the modern mean annual temperature of 13 A degrees C), and Cl-, Cl/Br, and stable isotopes of water were minimum. Low recharge temperatures (typically 5-7 A degrees C) indicate that recharge occurred predominantly during glacial periods when coastal heads were lowest due to low sea-level stand. Flow velocities averaged about 1.0 m a(-1) in upgradient parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer and decreased from 0.13 to 0.04 m a(-1) at 40 and 80 km further downgradient, respectively. This study demonstrates that most water in the upper Patapsco aquifer is non-renewable on human timescales under natural gradients, thus highlighting the importance of effective water-supply management to prolong the resource. C1 [Plummer, L. N.; Casile, G. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Eggleston, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. [Andreasen, D. C.] Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Raffensperger, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Hunt, A. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Plummer, LN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nplummer@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1294 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 025YH UT WOS:000310233100005 ER PT J AU Wunder, MB Jehl, JR Stricker, CA AF Wunder, Michael B. Jehl, Joseph R., Jr. Stricker, Craig A. TI The early bird gets the shrimp: confronting assumptions of isotopic equilibrium and homogeneity in a wild bird population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capital-income; eared grebe; isotopic niche; migration; trophic diversity ID GREBE PODICEPS NIGRICOLLIS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; EARED GREBES; MIGRATORY ANIMALS; ONLINE TECHNIQUE; FEATHERS; HYDROGEN; WATER; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB 1. Because stable isotope distributions in organic material vary systematically across energy gradients that exist in ecosystems, community and population structures, and in individual physiological systems, isotope values in animal tissues have helped address a broad range of questions in animal ecology. It follows that every tissue sample provides an isotopic profile that can be used to study dietary or movement histories of individual animals. Interpretations of these profiles depend on the assumption that metabolic pools are isotopically well mixed and in equilibrium with dietary resources prior to tissue synthesis, and they extend to the population level by assuming isotope profiles are identically distributed for animals using the same proximal dietary resource. As these assumptions are never fully met, studying structure in the variance of tissue isotope values from wild populations is informative. 2. We studied variation in delta C-13, delta N-15, delta H-2 and delta O-18 data for feathers from a population of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) that migrate to Great Salt Lake each fall to moult feathers. During this time, they cannot fly and feed almost exclusively on superabundant brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). The ecological simplicity of this situation minimized the usual spatial and trophic complexities often present in natural studies of feather isotope values. 3. Ranges and variances of isotope values for the feathers were larger than those from previously published studies that report feather isotopic variance, but they were bimodally distributed in all isotope dimensions. Isotope values for proximal dietary resources and local surface water show that some of the feathers we assumed to have been grown locally must have been grown before birds reached isotopic equilibrium with local diet or immediately prior to arrival at Great Salt Lake. 4. Our study provides novel insights about resource use strategies in eared grebes during migration. More generally, it demonstrates the utility of studying variance structures and questioning assumptions implicit in the interpretation of stable isotope data from wild animals. C1 [Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wunder, MB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM michael.wunder@ucdenver.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01998.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 030FF UT WOS:000310554300010 PM 22631029 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Brehme, CS Hines, JE Nichols, JD Fisher, RN AF Miller, David A. W. Brehme, Cheryl S. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Fisher, Robert N. TI Joint estimation of habitat dynamics and species interactions: disturbance reduces co-occurrence of non-native predators with an endangered toad SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus); disturbance; invasive species; Markov chain; occupancy; predator-prey interactions; state-space model ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; OCCUPANCY DYNAMICS; PATCH DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA; AMPHIBIANS; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; MODEL; CONSERVATION; HYDROPERIOD AB 1. Ecologists have long been interested in the processes that determine patterns of species occurrence and co-occurrence. Potential short-comings of many existing empirical approaches that address these questions include a reliance on patterns of occurrence at a single time point, failure to account properly for imperfect detection and treating the environment as a static variable. 2. We fit detection and non-detection data collected from repeat visits using a dynamic site occupancy model that simultaneously accounts for the temporal dynamics of a focal prey species, its predators and its habitat. Our objective was to determine how disturbance and species interactions affect the co-occurrence probabilities of an endangered toad and recently introduced non-native predators in stream breeding habitats. For this, we determined statistical support for alternative processes that could affect co-occurrence frequency in the system. 3. We collected occurrence data at stream segments in two watersheds where streams were largely ephemeral and one watershed dominated by perennial streams. Co-occurrence probabilities of toads with non-native predators were related to disturbance frequency, with low co-occurrence in the ephemeral watershed and high co-occurrence in the perennial watershed. This occurred because once predators were established at a site, they were rarely lost from the site except in cases when the site dried out. Once dry sites became suitable again, toads colonized them much more rapidly than predators, creating a period of predator-free space. 4. We attribute the dynamics to a storage effect, where toads persisting outside the stream environment during periods of drought rapidly colonized sites when they become suitable again. Our results support that even in highly connected stream networks, temporal disturbance can structure frequencies with which breeding amphibians encounter non-native predators. 5. Dynamic multi-state occupancy models are a powerful tool for rigorously examining hypotheses about inter-species and specieshabitat interactions. In contrast to previous methods that infer dynamic processes based on static patterns in occupancy, the approach we took allows the dynamic processes that determine speciesspecies and specieshabitat interactions to be directly estimated. C1 [Miller, David A. W.; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Brehme, Cheryl S.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM davidmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 FU Resources Management Division, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California FX Monitoring was funded by the Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, Resources Management Division, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. We thank Sherri Sullivan for project support and review of the draft manuscript. Sara Schuster, Greta VanScoy, Carlton Rochester, Liz Gallegos, Denise Clark, Chris Brown, Tritia Matsuda and Adam Backlin assisted with project support, management and data collection. Evan Grant, Adam Green, Elise Zipkin and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on this manuscript. This is contribution 402 of the US Geological Survey - Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1288 EP 1297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 030FF UT WOS:000310554300015 PM 22702337 ER PT J AU Glaser, DR Werkema, DD Versteeg, RJ Henderson, RD Rucker, DF AF Glaser, D. R. Werkema, D. D. Versteeg, R. J. Henderson, R. D. Rucker, D. F. TI Temporal GPR imaging of an ethanol release within a laboratory-scaled sand tank SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GPR; Ethanol; Biofuels; Brilliant Blue; CRIM ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; WATER-CONTENT; BRILLIANT BLUE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; PERMITTIVITY; SOILS; ROCKS; FREQUENCY AB Within the last decade efforts in geophysical detection and monitoring of fossil fuel releases into the subsurface have shown increasing success, including the ability to geophysically detect and delineate enhanced and natural biodegradation and remediation activities. The substitution of biofuels, such as ethanol, for fossil fuels is becoming persistent in the national and international marketplaces making it subject to the same types of accidental releases and exposure scenarios currently associated with the transport and storage of fossil fuels. Thus, there is interest from both academics and regulators to investigate the feasibility of applying geophysical methodologies to biofuel releases. In this study, we performed experimental and numerical investigations on the feasibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to monitor the migration of an ethanol release. A tank scale model of a closed hydrologic system was prepared with Ottawa sand and instrumented with an automated gantry measurement apparatus for time-lapse measurement of zero offset and coincident GPR reflections on multiple horizontal planes. Measurements were acquired in the unsaturated and saturated zones throughout the injection and transport of the ethanol release. The results of the monitoring suggest a measureable contrast within both time and frequency domains of the GPR data coincident with the ethanol release and subsequent migration. We conclude that the monitoring of ethanol in a sand matrix at various levels of saturation is possible with GPR. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Werkema, D. D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Glaser, D. R.] Washington River Protect Solut LLC, Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Versteeg, R. J.] Subsurface Insights LLC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Henderson, R. D.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Henderson, R. D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Rucker, D. F.] HydroGEOPHYSICS Inc, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Werkema, DD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM werkema.d@epa.gov OI Rucker, Dale/0000-0002-8930-2747 FU U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development under student services [EP08D00724]; Idaho National Laboratory FX This work was partially funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development under student services contract EP08D00724. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for presentation, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the EPA for use. Additional funding and equipment was provided by Idaho National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Robert Kinoshita of Idaho National Laboratory and Dr. Tim Johnson of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for their assistance in the laboratory. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 86 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.07.016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 024KC UT WOS:000310107100014 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G van Dijken, G Arrigo, KR Cronin, TM Wollenburg, JE AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene van Dijken, Gert Arrigo, Kevin R. Cronin, Thomas M. Wollenburg, Jutta E. TI Patterns and controlling factors of species diversity in the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; biodiversity; deep sea; depth diversity gradients; ecosystem; latitudinal diversity gradients; macroecology; meiobenthos; shallow marine ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; DEEP-SEA; LATITUDINAL-GRADIENT; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; HYPOTHESIS AB Aim The Arctic Ocean is one of the last near-pristine regions on Earth, and, although human activities are expected to impact on Arctic ecosystems, we know very little about baseline patterns of Arctic Ocean biodiversity. This paper aims to describe Arctic Ocean-wide patterns of benthic biodiversity and to explore factors related to the large-scale species diversity patterns. Location Arctic Ocean. Methods We used large ostracode and foraminiferal datasets to describe the biodiversity patterns and applied comprehensive ecological modelling to test the degree to which these patterns are potentially governed by environmental factors, such as temperature, productivity, seasonality, ice cover and others. To test environmental control of the observed diversity patterns, subsets of samples for which all environmental parameters were available were analysed with multiple regression and model averaging. Results Well-known negative latitudinal species diversity gradients (LSDGs) were found in metazoan Ostracoda, but the LSDGs were unimodal with an intermediate maximum with respect to latitude in protozoan foraminifera. Depth species diversity gradients were unimodal, with peaks in diversity shallower than those in other oceans. Our modelling results showed that several factors are significant predictors of diversity, but the significant predictors were different among shallow marine ostracodes, deep-sea ostracodes and deep-sea foraminifera. Main conclusions On the basis of these Arctic Ocean-wide comprehensive datasets, we document large-scale diversity patterns with respect to latitude and depth. Our modelling results suggest that the underlying mechanisms causing these species diversity patterns are unexpectedly complex. The environmental parameters of temperature, surface productivity, seasonality of productivity, salinity and ice cover can all play a role in shaping large-scale diversity patterns, but their relative importance may depend on the ecological preferences of taxa and the oceanographic context of regions. These results suggest that a multiplicity of variables appear to be related to community structure in this system. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Shek O, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Kochi Univ, Ctr Adv Marine Core Res, Nanko Ku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [van Dijken, Gert; Arrigo, Kevin R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wollenburg, Jutta E.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Kadoorie Biol Sci Bldg,Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 FU University of Hong Kong [201105159002]; Smithsonian Marine Science Network FX We thank J. Farmer for help with temperature and salinity data; M. A. Rex, D. Tittensor and an anonymous referee for valuable comments; and J. Lambshead, R. J. Whittaker and B. Wheeler for editing. This work was supported by a Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research of the University of Hong Kong (project code: 201105159002) and a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship (to M.Y.) [Correction added on 20 August 2012, after first online publication: Acknowledgements section updated]. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2081 EP 2088 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02758.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 026HV UT WOS:000310266600016 ER PT J AU Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC Penning, W Doncarlos, K AF Schroeder, Susan A. Fulton, David C. Penning, William Doncarlos, Kathy TI Using persuasive messages to encourage hunters to support regulation of lead shot SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE communication experiment; hunting; lead shot; persuasion ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; ATTITUDES; APPEALS AB Lead shot from hunting adds the toxic metal to environments worldwide. The United States banned lead shot for hunting waterfowl in 1991 and 26 states have lead shot restrictions beyond those mandated for waterfowl hunting. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) was interested in studying hunter attitudes about expanded restrictions on the use of lead shot for hunting small game to understand what communication strategies might increase public support for potential restrictions on lead shot. We mailed messages about lead shot, including 1,200 control messages and 400 of each of 9 treatment messages, and surveys to 4,800 resident small game hunters. We compared attitudes and intentions related to a possible ban among control and treatment groups. Compared to the control message, all treatment messages elicited more positive attitudes and intentions to support a ban. A basic factual message, messages with references to Ducks Unlimited, and a first-person narrative message generated the strongest support for a ban. Results also demonstrated a substantial relationship between the use of lead shot and response to persuasive messages supporting a ban. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Schroeder, Susan A.; Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Penning, William; Doncarlos, Kathy] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. RP Schroeder, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sas@umn.edu NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1528 EP 1539 DI 10.1002/jwmg.420 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 026DB UT WOS:000310252300001 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Royle, JA Desimone, R Schwartz, MK Edwards, VL Pilgrim, KP Mckelvey, KS AF Russell, Robin E. Royle, J. Andrew Desimone, Richard Schwartz, Michael K. Edwards, Victoria L. Pilgrim, Kristy P. Mckelvey, Kevin S. TI Estimating abundance of mountain lions from unstructured spatial sampling SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; cougars; genetic sampling; Montana; Puma concolor; snow tracking; spatial capture-recapture; spatial models ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; CARNIVORE MANAGEMENT; HUNTED POPULATION; NATIONAL-PARK; BEAR DENSITY; SNOW TRACKS; COUGARS; INFERENCE AB Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are often difficult to monitor because of their low capture probabilities, extensive movements, and large territories. Methods for estimating the abundance of this species are needed to assess population status, determine harvest levels, evaluate the impacts of management actions on populations, and derive conservation and management strategies. Traditional markrecapture methods do not explicitly account for differences in individual capture probabilities due to the spatial distribution of individuals in relation to survey effort (or trap locations). However, recent advances in the analysis of capturerecapture data have produced methods estimating abundance and density of animals from spatially explicit capturerecapture data that account for heterogeneity in capture probabilities due to the spatial organization of individuals and traps. We adapt recently developed spatial capturerecapture models to estimate density and abundance of mountain lions in western Montana. Volunteers and state agency personnel collected mountain lion DNA samples in portions of the Blackfoot drainage (7,908?km2) in west-central Montana using 2 methods: snow back-tracking mountain lion tracks to collect hair samples and biopsy darting treed mountain lions to obtain tissue samples. Overall, we recorded 72 individual capture events, including captures both with and without tissue sample collection and hair samples resulting in the identification of 50 individual mountain lions (30 females, 19 males, and 1 unknown sex individual). We estimated lion densities from 8 models containing effects of distance, sex, and survey effort on detection probability. Our population density estimates ranged from a minimum of 3.7 mountain lions/100?km2 (95% CI 2.35.7) under the distance only model (including only an effect of distance on detection probability) to 6.7 (95% CI 3.111.0) under the full model (including effects of distance, sex, survey effort, and distance?x?sex on detection probability). These numbers translate to a total estimate of 293 mountain lions (95% CI 182451) to 529 (95% CI 245870) within the Blackfoot drainage. Results from the distance model are similar to previous estimates of 3.6 mountain lions/100?km2 for the study area; however, results from all other models indicated greater numbers of mountain lions. Our results indicate that unstructured spatial sampling combined with spatial capturerecapture analysis can be an effective method for estimating large carnivore densities. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Russell, Robin E.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Desimone, Richard; Edwards, Victoria L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.; Pilgrim, Kristy P.; Mckelvey, Kevin S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants FX Project funding and support was provided by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants. Numerous biologists, technicians, and houndsmen made this project possible. We acknowledge the support of local communities, ranchers, and landowners for allowing access to their land. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) provided access to BLM lands and shared information about fresh lion tracks. The Missoula office of the Plum Creek Timber Company provided maps of the study and granted access. We thank H. Robinson, B. Gardner, G. White, M. Kery, G. Sargeant, and 1 anonymous reviewer for reviews that increased the clarity of the manuscript. We also thank P. Minton-Edison and C. Engkjer for their help in the genetics laboratory. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 140 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1551 EP 1561 DI 10.1002/jwmg.412 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 026DB UT WOS:000310252300003 ER PT J AU Jones, PC King, RB Bailey, RL Bieser, ND Bissell, K Campa, H Crabill, T Cross, MD Degregorio, BA Dreslik, MJ Durbian, FE Harvey, DS Hecht, SE Jellen, BC Johnson, G Kingsbury, BA Kowalski, MJ Lee, J Manning, JV Moore, JA Oakes, J Phillips, CA Prior, KA Refsnider, JM Rouse, JD Sage, JR Seigel, RA Shepard, DB Smith, CS Vandewalle, TJ Weatherhead, PJ Yagi, A AF Jones, Peter C. King, Richard B. Bailey, Robyn L. Bieser, Nickolas D. Bissell, Kristin Campa, Henry, III Crabill, Trisha Cross, Matthew D. Degregorio, Brett A. Dreslik, Michael J. Durbian, Francis E. Harvey, Daniel S. Hecht, Scott E. Jellen, Benjamin C. Johnson, Glenn Kingsbury, Bruce A. Kowalski, Matthew J. Lee, James Manning, Jennifer V. Moore, Jennifer A. Oakes, Julie Phillips, Christopher A. Prior, Kent A. Refsnider, Jeanine M. Rouse, Jeremy D. Sage, Joseph R. Seigel, Richard A. Shepard, Donald B. Smith, Chad S. Vandewalle, Terry J. Weatherhead, Patrick J. Yagi, Anne TI Range-wide analysis of eastern massasauga survivorship SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eastern massasauga; Great Lakes; radiotelemetry; rattlesnake; Sistrurus catenatus catenatus; survival rate ID SISTRURUS-CATENATUS-CATENATUS; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; LIZARD UTA-STANSBURIANA; ELAPHE-OBSOLETA; LIFE-HISTORY; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; HABITAT SELECTION; BLACK RATSNAKES; SPATIAL ECOLOGY; C-CATENATUS AB Decisions affecting wildlife management and conservation policy of imperiled species are often aided by population models. Reliable population models require accurate estimates of vital rates and an understanding of how vital rates vary geographically. The eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) is a rattlesnake species found in the Great Lakes region of North America. Populations of the eastern massasauga are fragmented and only a few areas harbor multiple, sizable populations. Eastern massasauga research has typically focused on single populations or local metapopulations but results suggest that demographic parameters vary geographically. We used 21 radiotelemetry datasets comprising 499 telemetered snakes from 16 distinct locations throughout the range of the eastern massasauga to characterize geographic patterns of adult survival using the known-fate model in Program MARK. Annual adult survival ranged from 0.35 to 0.95 (mean?=?0.67) and increased along a southwest to northeast geographic axis. Further analysis of 6 datasets indicated no consistent difference in survival between males and females. Our results provide a better understanding of the relationship between survivorship and geography for the eastern massasauga and suggest that such variation should be incorporated into population models as well as local and regional management plans. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Jones, Peter C.; King, Richard B.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Bailey, Robyn L.; Bissell, Kristin; Campa, Henry, III; Moore, Jennifer A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bieser, Nickolas D.; Degregorio, Brett A.; Hecht, Scott E.; Kingsbury, Bruce A.; Manning, Jennifer V.; Refsnider, Jeanine M.; Sage, Joseph R.; Smith, Chad S.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Crabill, Trisha] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Cross, Matthew D.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Dreslik, Michael J.; Phillips, Christopher A.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Durbian, Francis E.] Squaw Creek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Mound City, MO 64470 USA. [Harvey, Daniel S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jellen, Benjamin C.] McKendree Univ, Div Sci & Math, Lebanon, IL 62254 USA. [Johnson, Glenn] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Kowalski, Matthew J.] Penn Nat Heritage Program, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. [Lee, James] Nature Conservancy, Camp Shelby Field Off, Camp Shelby, MS 39407 USA. [Prior, Kent A.] Pk Canada, Gatineau, PQ K1A 0M5, Canada. [Oakes, Julie] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fenton, MI 48430 USA. [Rouse, Jeremy D.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Parry Sound, ON P2A 1S4, Canada. [Seigel, Richard A.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Shepard, Donald B.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Vandewalle, Terry J.] Stantec, Independence, IA 50644 USA. [Weatherhead, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Yagi, Anne] Minist Nat Resources, Vineland Stn, ON L0R 2E0, Canada. RP Jones, PC (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM pjones2@niu.edu OI Shepard, Donald/0000-0002-1762-6283 NR 88 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1576 EP 1586 DI 10.1002/jwmg.418 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 026DB UT WOS:000310252300006 ER PT J AU Sexson, MG Farley, GH AF Sexson, Matthew G. Farley, Greg H. TI Snowy plover nest survival in Kansas and effective management to counter negative effects of precipitation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Charadrius nivosus; Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area; Kansas; nest mounds; nest survival; precipitation; Quivira National Wildlife Refuge; snowy plover ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS; CHARADRIUS-ALEXANDRINUS; PREDATOR EXCLOSURES; SITE SELECTION; HABITAT USE; OKLAHOMA; TERN AB Snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) are a species of conservation concern throughout North America and listed as a threatened species in Kansas. Management to minimize the effects of flooding and predation were implemented at Kansas breeding sites in the 1980s to encourage reproductive success. However, the effectiveness of those strategies and the effect of other variables that may influence nest survival have not been formally assessed. We used Program MARK to model the daily survival rate (DSR) of 317 snowy plover nests with 14 habitat- and management-related covariates to identify factors that influence nest survival and examine the efficacy of current management practices. In 2005 and 2006, we monitored nests and collected habitat data at the 2 known breeding sites in Kansas, Quivira National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area (WA). Overall DSR was greater at Quivira NWR in 2006 (0.954) than at Cheyenne Bottoms WA (0.917) and Quivira NWR (0.942) in 2005. We developed 88 candidate models of which 4 competing models (?AICc?25% change in mean daily streamflow variability compared with what would be expected in a minimally disturbed environment were defined as having altered streamflow variability, based on the 10th and 90th percentiles of the distribution of streamflow variability at 1279 hydrological reference sites. We also used predictive models to assess fish assemblage condition and native species loss based on the proportion of expected native fish species that were observed. Of the 97 sites, 49 (50.5%) were classified as altered with reduced streamflow variability, whereas no sites had increased streamflow variability. Reduced streamflow variability was related to a 35% loss in native fish species, on average, and a >50% loss of species with a preference for riffle habitats. Conditional probability analysis indicated that the probability of fish assemblage impairment increased as the severity of altered streamflow variability increased. Reservoir storage capacity and wastewater discharges were important predictors of reduced streamflow variability as revealed by random forest analysis. Management and conservation of streams will require careful consideration of natural streamflow variation and potential factors contributing to altered streamflow within the entire watershed to limit the loss of critical stream habitats and fish species uniquely adapted to live in those habitats. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Meador, M. R.; Carlisle, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1368 DI 10.1002/rra.1534 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 025CO UT WOS:000310162200003 ER PT J AU Lee, DN Lack, JB Van den Bussche, RA Long, JM AF Lee, D. N. Lack, J. B. Van den Bussche, R. A. Long, J. M. TI IMPORTANCE OF TRIBUTARY STREAMS FOR RAINBOW TROUT REPRODUCTION: INSIGHTS FROM A SMALL STREAM IN GEORGIA AND A BI-GENOMIC APPROACH SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chattahoochee River; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; Oncorhynchus mykiss; sampling methods ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; ATLANTIC SALMON; MATING SYSTEM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STEELHEAD; SIBSHIP; TRUTTA AB Tributaries of tailwater fisheries in the southeastern USA have been used for spawning by stocked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but their importance may have been underestimated using traditional fish survey methods such as electrofishing and redd counts. We used a bi-genomic approach, mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci, to estimate the number of spawning adults in one small tributary (Cabin Creek) of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, where rainbow trout are known to spawn and have successful recruitment. We extracted and analysed DNA from seven mature male rainbow trout and four juveniles that were captured in February 2006 in Cabin Creek and from 24 young-of-year (YOY) trout that were captured in April 2006. From these samples, we estimated that 24 individuals were spawning to produce the amount of genetic variation observed in the juveniles and YOY, although none of the mature males we sampled were indicated as sires. Analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop region identified four distinct haplotypes, suggesting that individuals representing four maternal lineages contributed to the offspring. Our analyses indicated that many more adults were spawning in this system than previously estimated with direct count methods and provided insight into rainbow trout spawning behavior. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Long, J. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lee, D. N.; Lack, J. B.; Van den Bussche, R. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM longjm@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank M. Walsh and M. Freeman for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research (Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) provided funding for this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1587 EP 1593 DI 10.1002/rra.1556 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 025CO UT WOS:000310162200020 ER PT J AU McHugh, P McIntosh, A Howard, S Budy, P AF McHugh, Peter McIntosh, Angus Howard, Simon Budy, Phaedra TI Niche flexibility and trout-galaxiid co-occurrence in a hydrologically diverse riverine landscape SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Niche flexibility; Non-native fishes; Non-native trout; New Zealand fish ID FRESH-WATER FISH; COMPARING TROPHIC POSITION; COMMUNITY-WIDE MEASURES; INTRODUCED BROWN TROUT; ISOTOPE RATIOS PROVIDE; STABLE-CARBON-ISOTOPE; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; SALMO-TRUTTA L; VULGARIS-STOKELL AB Non-native trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta) invasions have been implicated in the decline of native galaxiid fishes throughout temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwaters. As many Galaxias fishes are endangered, knowledge of factors facilitating localised co-occurrence of native and introduced species is needed for both conservation and management. While recent research demonstrates a role for flow-related mediation of trout effects on galaxiids, the mechanism(s) underlying such phenomena remain unclear. Accordingly, we assessed the interplay between environmental conditions and trophic niches for both species across a gradient of co-occurrence and hydrology. In particular, we quantified the trophic position (TP), energy sourcing patterns, and niche breadth based on the abundance of naturally occurring stable isotopes (N-15 and C-13) within muscle tissues for trout and galaxiids in replicate food webs from streams varying widely in size and disturbance regime. We found that both species held similar trophic positions, but TP varied considerably across individuals and sites due to combined effects of body size and hydrological disturbance. Further, patterns in delta C-13 revealed an effect of disturbance on the relative reliance by fish on a key prey taxon, and a ca. 1 aEuro degrees shift in delta C-13 by galaxiids in the presence of trout. Lastly, isotope-based measures of niche width, which were positively correlated with coarse dietary measures of niche width, were similar, albeit variable, for all groups. Galaxiid niche width co-varied negatively with relative trout abundance, whereas that for trout did so with stream size. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that both the presence of trout and environmental conditions act in concert to influence where galaxiids are positioned within stream food webs. Perhaps more importantly, they suggest that flexible niches may enable galaxiids to persist in the presence of a species that might otherwise cause their local extinction. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McHugh, Peter; McIntosh, Angus; Howard, Simon] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Freshwater Ecol Res Grp, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP McHugh, P (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Statewide Salmon & Steelhead Unit, Olympia, WA USA. EM peter.a.mchugh@gmail.com RI McIntosh, Angus/B-2992-2011 OI McIntosh, Angus/0000-0003-2696-8813 FU Royal Society of New Zealand-Marsden Fund; NIWA's Consequences of Water Use research programme FX Our field and laboratory work would not have been possible without the support of the Utah State University Ecology Center (stable isotope analysis) and the Brian Mason Science and Technical Trust (field support). Pete McHugh was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand-Marsden Fund during the preparation of this manuscript. Simon Howard was funded by NIWA's Consequences of Water Use research programme. We thank Linda Morris for help with sampling logistics, and Phillip Jellyman for assistance with field data collection and for providing electrofishing data. We also wish to thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for their feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript; their efforts and insight helped greatly in strengthening our final paper. The views expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of funding agencies or the United States Government. Mention of trade names or commercial labs does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2393 EP 2406 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0237-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021AA UT WOS:000309856500016 ER PT J AU Hanson, KC Ostrand, KG Glenn, RA AF Hanson, Kyle C. Ostrand, Kenneth G. Glenn, Richard A. TI Physiological characterization of juvenile Chinook salmon utilizing different habitats during migration through the Columbia River Estuary SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Organismal condition; Growth; Habitat restoration; Estuary; Chinook salmon; Columbia River ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY; GROWTH; FISH; VALIDATION; CALIFORNIA; FLOODPLAIN; CONSEQUENCES; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB Although off-channel habitats in the estuaries of large rivers impart many benefits to fish that rear within them, it is less clear how these habitats benefit migrating anadromous species that utilize these habitats for short periods of time. We evaluated the physiological correlates (nutritional condition, growth, and smoltification) of habitat utilization (main-channel vs. off-channel) by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during emigration. Fish from the off-channel had higher condition factor scores and relative weights than fish from the main-channel throughout the study period. Plasma triglyceride and protein concentrations were significantly different between habitat types and across the sampling period, suggesting that fish utilizing the off-channel habitats were compensating for energy losses associated with emigration as compared to main-channel fish. Growth potential (RNA to DNA ratio) did not vary by habitat or sampling period, presumably due to short residency time. There were no differences in osmoregulatory capacity (gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity) based on habitat type. Our results indicate that short-term off-channel habitat use may mitigate for energy declines incurred during migration, but likely does not impart significant gains in energy stores or growth. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.; Glenn, Richard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Appl Res Program Ecol Physiol, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Appl Res Program Ecol Physiol, 1410 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program [EST-P-09-1] FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program as part of project EST-P-09-1. The authors thank C. Studebaker and B. Ebberts for project support and coordination. The authors thank A. Bryson, R. Kaufmann, B. Kennedy, A. McNamee, J. Samagaio, N. Sather, and W. Simpson for assistance in collection of fish in the field. The authors thank P. Crandell for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 163 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.07.008 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 020BU UT WOS:000309784400015 PM 22842392 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Matkins, JJ Hibbs, DE AF Perakis, Steven S. Matkins, Joselin J. Hibbs, David E. TI N-2-Fixing Red Alder Indirectly Accelerates Ecosystem Nitrogen Cycling SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Alnus rubra; decomposition; feedback; N fertilization; nitrogen fixation; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; OREGON COAST RANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; NUTRIENT RELEASE; FIXATION; STANDS; AVAILABILITY; NUTRITION; PATTERNS; FERTILIZATION AB Symbiotic N-2-fixing tree species can accelerate ecosystem N dynamics through decomposition feedbacks via both direct and indirect pathways. Direct pathways include the production of readily decomposed leaf litter and increased N supply to decomposers, whereas indirect pathways include increased tissue N and altered detrital dynamics of non-fixing vegetation. To evaluate the relative importance of direct and indirect pathways, we compared 3-year decomposition and N dynamics of N-2-fixing red alder leaf litter (2.34% N) to both low-N (0.68% N) and high-N (1.21% N) litter of non-fixing Douglas-fir, and decomposed each litter source in four forests dominated by either red alder or Douglas-fir. We also used experimental N fertilization of decomposition plots to assess elevated N availability as a potential mechanism of N-2-fixer effects on litter mass loss and N dynamics. Direct effects of N-2-fixing red alder on decomposition occurred primarily as faster N release from red alder than Douglas-fir litter. Direct increases in N supply to decomposers via experimental N fertilization did not stimulate decomposition of either species litter. Fixed N indirectly influenced detrital dynamics by increasing Douglas-fir tissue and litter N concentrations, which accelerated litter N release without accelerating mass loss. By increasing soil N, tissue N, and the rate of N release from litter of non-fixers, we conclude that N-2-fixing vegetation can indirectly foster plant-soil feedbacks that contribute to the persistence of elevated N availability in terrestrial ecosystems. C1 [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Matkins, Joselin J.; Hibbs, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Matkins, Joselin J.] Sagebrush Steppe Reg Land Trust, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University Forest Research Laboratory; NSF-DEB [0346837] FX The authors thank Chris Catricala, Aaron Thiel, and Manuela Huso for laboratory and statistical assistance, and Mark Harmon, Cindy Prescott, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Oregon State University Forest Research Laboratory and NSF-DEB 0346837. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2012 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1182 EP 1193 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9579-2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021EN UT WOS:000309868200012 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Schreier, TM Hess, KR Bernardy, JA AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Schreier, Theresa M. Hess, Karina R. Bernardy, Jeffry A. TI Chronic Toxicity of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride to a Freshwater Mussel, Lampsilis siliquoidea, in a Flow-Through, Continuous Exposure Test System SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Freshwater mussel; Toxicity; Diphenhydramine hydrochloride ID UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; CONSERVATION; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA AB Freshwater mussel populations are declining in North America. Potential anthropogenic stressors may be contributing to the declines and may include the continual presence of pharmaceutical compounds in waterways. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH) is an over-the-counter antihistamine marketed under several name brand products including the common U.S. trademarked product, Benadryl (TM). The toxicity of DH to freshwater mussels was assessed by initiating an unprecedented 28 day, continuous exposure trial with 1 day old mussels. Results indicated that the survival and growth of Lampsilis siliquoidea was not impacted by DH concentrations a parts per thousand currency sign121 mu g/L after 28 days of continuous exposure. With the successful completion of this study, the techniques are now verified to evaluate the toxicity of waterborne compounds initiating 28-day chronic exposures with 1 day old mussels. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Hess, Karina R.; Bernardy, Jeffry A.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Natural Resources Preservation Program FX We thank Mark Gaikowski of the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center for statistical support. Funding was provided, in part, by the U.S. Geological Survey's Natural Resources Preservation Program working in conjunction with the U.S. National Park Service. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 89 IS 5 BP 970 EP 974 DI 10.1007/s00128-012-0807-4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 016YD UT WOS:000309554900008 PM 22956058 ER PT J AU Guinand, B Page, KS Burnham-Curtis, MK Scribner, KT AF Guinand, Bruno Page, Kevin S. Burnham-Curtis, Mary K. Scribner, Kim T. TI Genetic signatures of historical bottlenecks in sympatric lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) morphotypes in Lake Superior SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Lake trout; Sympatric morphotypes; Lake Superior; Fishing-induced mortality; Predation; Genetic homogenization ID ESTIMATING F-STATISTICS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICHIGAN WATERS; RESTORATION; SISCOWET; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; MANAGEMENT AB Humans have played a significant role in reducing levels of genetic diversity and differentiation of many teleost fishes, leading to homogenization across biological entities. We compare patterns of historical and contemporary genetic structure for three sympatric Great Lake's lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) morphs (lean, siscowet, and humper) that differ in patterns of habitat occupancy, susceptibility to overfishing and predation by invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Differential susceptibilities to overfishing and predation were expected to result in different impacts to levels of genetic diversity loss for each morphotype. Genetic data was collected for samples at three points in time: 1948 (pre-collapse), 1959 (collapse) and 1990s (current), corresponding to periods of intensive fishing, mortality due to lamprey and recovery, respectively. The lean morph preferentially targeted by the fishery and recognized as highly preyed upon by sea lamprey was more highly impacted genetically than other morphs, as evidenced by greater loss of genetic diversity first during the period of overfishing, then during the period of high sea lamprey abundance once the fishery collapsed. The siscowet morph also experienced genetic bottlenecks during the period of overfishing (pre-collapse period). Results indicate significant levels of genetic differentiation among morphs historically prior to declines in abundance and also among contemporary populations, suggesting that periods of population decline and resurgence in abundance and distribution did not result in loss of genetic distinctiveness among morphs. C1 [Guinand, Bruno; Page, Kevin S.; Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Guinand, Bruno] Univ Montpellier 2, Dept Integrat Biol, UMR CNRS Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier 5554, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Page, Kevin S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Inland Fisheries Res Unit, Hebron, OH 43025 USA. [Burnham-Curtis, Mary K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Guinand, B (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bruno.guinand@univ-montp2.fr FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; Great Lakes Protection Fund; Michigan Sea Grant College Program; Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management FX This study was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust, the Great Lakes Protection Fund, the Michigan Sea Grant College Program and the Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management cooperative agreement between the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Michigan State University. The authors thank M. Ebener, S. Libants, and S. P. Sitar for help and input at various stages of this project. Comments by anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0005-6 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017HW UT WOS:000309581800003 ER PT J AU Jenderedjian, K Hakobyan, S Stapanian, MA AF Jenderedjian, Karen Hakobyan, Susanna Stapanian, Martin A. TI Trends in benthic macroinvertebrate community biomass and energy budgets in Lake Sevan, 1928-2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Lake Sevan; Zoobenthos; Distribution; Biomass; Substrata; Energy balance; Primary production ID ALATUS-PARAVANICUS PODDUBNAYA; POTAMOTHRIX-HAMMONIENSIS; PATARIDZE TUBIFICIDAE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DIFFERENT AREAS; EUTROPHIC LAKE; OLIGOCHAETA; ESROM AB Water levels of Lake Sevan (Armenia) were artificially lowered by nearly 20 m between 1949 and 1997. Lowered water levels, combined with increased eutrophication, were associated with seasonally anoxic conditions (lasting 1-4 months) near the bottom of the profundal zone each year during 1976-2004. In addition, the extents of the macrophyte zone and of certain substrate types were severely reduced following drawdown. Maximal depth of occurrence decreased by 2-44 m for at least for 50 species of benthic macroinvertebrates between 1982 and 2004 compared to 1937-1961. Species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates declined from 25 to three species at depths where seasonal anoxia occurred. Total biomass increased by a factor of 10 from the period 1928-1948 to 1976-1979 then declined by a factor of 3 to 4 between 1987 and 2004. Energy flow through detritivores was more than tripled during 1976-2004 compared to 1928-1971, a result of increased plankton primary production. In contrast, energy flow through herbivorous benthic macroinvertebrates decreased by a factor of nearly 5, due to reduced areal coverage of macrophytes. Energy flow through filter feeders did not change over the time period examined, but energy flow through the entire zoobenthos community was nearly tripled. The biomasses of Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and total zoobenthos showed a delayed response to changes in primary production of 7-9, 2, and 2-4 years, respectively. These patterns may provide a basis to predict results of restoration efforts based on the abundance of the zoobenthos in future years as the level of the lake is restored and water quality improves. C1 [Jenderedjian, Karen] Agcy Bioresources Management, Minist Nat Protect, Yerevan 0010, Armenia. [Hakobyan, Susanna] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Hydroecol & Ichthyol, Sci Ctr Zool & Hydrobiol, Yerevan 0014, Armenia. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Jenderedjian, K (reprint author), Agcy Bioresources Management, Minist Nat Protect, Govt Bldg 3,Republ Sq, Yerevan 0010, Armenia. EM karen_jender@yahoo.com; susohakob@yahoo.com; mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 FU Nagao Natural Environment Foundation (Japan); Armenian National Science & Education Fund (USA) FX The authors dedicate this article to the memory of the longstanding Director of the Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Prof. Rafik Oganesian (1940-2011), and of the captain of the scientific vessel, Mr. Suren Badalyan (1928-2009). The authors are grateful to the Nagao Natural Environment Foundation (Japan) and Armenian National Science & Education Fund (USA) for funding the studies in 2004. D. Schloesser and K. Krieger provided comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. This article is contribution number 1669 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 184 IS 11 BP 6647 EP 6671 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2449-0 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015WC UT WOS:000309476100017 PM 22200943 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Li, ZP AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Li, Zhengpeng TI Identifying potential areas for biofuel production and evaluating the environmental effects: a case study of the James River Basin in the Midwestern United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biofuels; land management; nitrogen; SWAT; switchgrass; water ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; LAND-USE CHANGE; SWAT MODEL; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; BIOENERGY CROP; QUALITY; SWITCHGRASS; SOIL; IOWA; SUSTAINABILITY AB Biofuels are now an important resource in the United States because of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Both increased corn growth for ethanol production and perennial dedicated energy crop growth for cellulosic feedstocks are potential sources to meet the rising demand for biofuels. However, these measures may cause adverse environmental consequences that are not yet fully understood. This study 1) evaluates the long-term impacts of increased frequency of corn in the crop rotation system on water quantity and quality as well as soil fertility in the James River Basin and 2) identifies potential grasslands for cultivating bioenergy crops (e.g. switchgrass), estimating the water quality impacts. We selected the soil and water assessment tool, a physically based multidisciplinary model, as the modeling approach to simulate a series of biofuel production scenarios involving crop rotation and land cover changes. The model simulations with different crop rotation scenarios indicate that decreases in water yield and soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration along with an increase in NO3-N load to stream water could justify serious concerns regarding increased corn rotations in this basin. Simulations with land cover change scenarios helped us spatially classify the grasslands in terms of biomass productivity and nitrogen loads, and we further derived the relationship of biomass production targets and the resulting nitrogen loads against switchgrass planting acreages. The suggested economically efficient (planting acreage) and environmentally friendly (water quality) planting locations and acreages can be a valuable guide for cultivating switchgrass in this basin. This information, along with the projected environmental costs (i.e. reduced water yield and increased nitrogen load), can contribute to decision support tools for land managers to seek the sustainability of biofuel development in this region. C1 [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wu, Yiping; Li, Zhengpeng] US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program [NNH07ZDA001N]; U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (Grant NNH07ZDA001N) and U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program. This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank Guleid Arton, Craig Walters, and Thomas Adamson for comments on the early version of this article. We sincerely appreciate the insightful and valuable comments and suggestions from the editor and two anonymous reviewers, which highly enhanced the quality of the article. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD NOV PY 2012 VL 4 IS 6 BP 875 EP 888 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2012.01164.x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 015MK UT WOS:000309450100026 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Peinetti, HR Coughenour, MB Johnson, TL AF Baker, Bruce W. Raul Peinetti, H. Coughenour, Michael B. Johnson, Therese L. TI Competition favors elk over beaver in a riparian willow ecosystem SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE alternative stable states; beaver conservation; Castor canadensis; Castor fiber; Cervus elaphus; ecological modeling; metapopulation; Rocky Mountain National Park; Salix; SAVANNA model; simulation modeling; trophic cascades ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; CASTOR-FIBER; YELLOWSTONE; SIMULATION; ECOLOGY; WOLVES; FACILITATION; CANADENSIS; STATES; RANGE AB Beaver (Castor spp.) conservation requires an understanding of their complex interactions with competing herbivores. Simulation modeling offers a controlled environment to examine long-term dynamics in ecosystems driven by uncontrollable variables. We used a new version of the SAVANNA ecosystem model to investigate beaver (C. canadensis) and elk (Cervus elaphus) competition for willow (Salix spp.). We initialized the model with field data from Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, to simulate a 4-ha riparian ecosystem containing beaver, elk, and willow. We found beaver persisted indefinitely when elk density was <= 20 elk km (2). Beaver persistence decreased exponentially as elk density increased from 30 to 60 elk km(2), which suggests the presence of an ecological threshold. The interaction of beaver and elk herbivory shifted the size distribution of willow plants from tall to short when elk densities were >= 30 elk km (2). The loss of tall willow preceded rapid beaver declines, thus willow condition may predict beaver population trajectory in natural environments. Beaver were able to persist with slightly higher elk densities if beaver alternated their use of foraging sites in a rest-rotation pattern rather than maintained continuous use. Thus, we found asymmetrical competition for willow strongly favored elk over beaver in a simulated montane ecosystem. Finally, we discuss application of the SAVANNA model and mechanisms of competition relative to beaver persistence as metapopulations, ecological resistance and alternative state models, and ecosystem regulation. C1 [Baker, Bruce W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Raul Peinetti, H.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Agron, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Raul Peinetti, H.; Coughenour, Michael B.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Therese L.] Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), 2530 Newport Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM BruceReneeBaker@msn.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service FX We thank Danielle Bilyeu and Doug Smith for their review comments. Research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 95 DI 10.1890/ES12-00058.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100003 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Zgliczynski, BJ Ballesteros, E Aburto-Oropeza, O Bolanos, A Sala, E AF Friedlander, Alan M. Zgliczynski, Brian J. Ballesteros, Enric Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio Bolanos, Allan Sala, Enric TI The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE apex predators; Tropical Eastern Pacific; Isla del Coco; shark fishing; marine protected area; endemism; biodiversity hotspot; Costa Rica AB Fishes at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, were surveyed as part of a larger scientific expedition to the area in September 2009. The average total biomass of nearshore fishes was 7.8 tonnes per ha, among the largest observed in the tropics, with apex predators such as sharks, jacks, and groupers accounting for nearly 40% of the total biomass. The abundance of reef and pelagic sharks, particularly large aggregations of threatened species such as the scalloped hammerhead shark (up to 42 hammerheads ha(-1)) and large schools of jacks and snappers show the capacity for high biomass in unfished ecosystems in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. However, the abundance of hammerhead and reef whitetip sharks appears to have been declining since the late 1990s, and likely causes may include increasing fishing pressure on sharks in the region and illegal fishing inside the Park. One Galapagos shark tagged on September 20, 2009 in the Isla del Coco National Park moved 255km southeast towards Malpelo Island in Colombia, when it stopped transmitting. These results contribute to the evidence that sharks conduct large-scale movements between marine protected areas (Isla del Coco, Malpelo, Galapagos) in the Eastern tropical Pacific and emphasize the need for regional-scale management. More than half of the species and 90% of the individuals observed were endemic to the tropical eastern Pacific. These high biomass and endemicity values highlight the uniqueness of the fish assemblage at Isla del Coco and its importance as a global biodiversity hotspot. C1 [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 2540 Campus Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.; Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Ballesteros, Enric; Sala, Enric] CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes 17300, Spain. [Bolanos, Allan] PRETOMA, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 2540 Campus Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM alan.friedlander@hawaii.edu; bzgliczy@ucsd.edu; kike@ceab.csic.es; maburto@ucsd.edu; tortugamop@yahoo.com; esala@ngs.org FU University of Hawaii [11-1284] FX This expedition was made possible by a research permit from the Area de Conservacion Marina Isla del Coco (ACMIC). We are especially grateful to Fernando Quiros, Director of ACMIC, for the research permit that allowed us to conduct the expedition; to Geiner Golfin and his staff at Isla del Coco, and the MarViva field staff for their support in the field; and to Jenny Ash and the personnel at ACMIC and Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas (SINAC) for their help and support. Special thanks to Randall Arauz, Jorge Cortes, Jorge Jimenez, Avi Klapfer, Sandra Ramirez, Michael Rothschild, Manuel Ramirez, Fabian Sanchez, Carla Sarquis, Carlos Uribe, and our friends and colleagues at MarViva, Conservation International, The Nature Conservancy, Preservacion de Tortugas Marinas, Fundacion Amigos Isla del Coco, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR) of the Universidad de Costa Rica, and the Undersea Hunter Group, whose enthusiastic help made this expedition possible. Huge thanks to the crews of the Hanse Explorer and the Argo, who were dedicated and tireless in their efforts to make the expedition a success. The expedition was supported by Google, National Geographic Society, Walton Family Foundation, The Campbell Foundation, Waitt Family Foundation, and private donors. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Hawaii Animal Care and Use Protocol 11-1284. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 17 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 EI 2215-2075 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP 321 EP 338 PG 18 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA V41YC UT WOS:000209580500021 ER PT J AU Allert, AL DiStefano, RJ Schmitt, CJ Fairchild, JF Brumbaugh, WG AF Allert, Ann L. DiStefano, Robert J. Schmitt, Christopher J. Fairchild, James F. Brumbaugh, William G. TI Effects of Mining-Derived Metals on Riffle-Dwelling Crayfish in Southwestern Missouri and Southeastern Kansas, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES; SPRING RIVER DRAINAGE; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA; CHRONIC TOXICITY; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; LEAD AB Riffle-dwelling crayfish populations were sampled at 16 sites in 4 tributaries of the Spring River located within the Tri-State Mining District in southwest Missouri. Crayfish density, physical habitat quality, and water quality were examined at each site to assess the ecological effects of mining-derived metals on crayfish. Metals (lead, zinc, and cadmium) were analyzed in samples of surface water, sediment, detritus, and whole crayfish. Sites were classified a posteriori into reference, mining, and downstream sites primarily based on metal concentrations in the materials analyzed. Three species of crayfish (Orconectes neglectus neglectus, O. macrus, and O. virilis) were collected during the study; however, only O. n. neglectus was collected at all sites. Mean crayfish densities were significantly lower at mining sites than at reference sites. Mean concentrations of metals were significantly correlated among the materials analyzed and were significantly greater at mining and downstream sites than at reference sites. Principal component analyses showed a separation of sites due to an inverse relationship among crayfish density, metals concentrations, and physical habitat quality variables. Sediment probable-effects quotients and surface-water toxic unit scores were significantly correlated; both indicated risk of toxicity to aquatic biota at several sites. Metals concentrations in whole crayfish at several sites exceeded concentrations known to be toxic to carnivorous wildlife. Mining-derived metals have the potential to impair ecosystem function through decreased organic matter processing and nutrient cycling in streams due to decreased crayfish densities. C1 [Allert, Ann L.; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Fairchild, James F.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [DiStefano, Robert J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [DiStefano, Robert J.] Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM aallert@usgs.gov FU USGS; United States Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program; Missouri Department of Conservation; Missouri Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the private landowners who allowed us to access the studied streams. Personnel who assisted in the study included staff from the Missouri Department of Conservation and from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Columbia Environmental Research Center. We thank J. Besser, J. Hinck, N. Wang, and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This study was jointly funded by the USGS, the United States Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, the Missouri Department of Conservation, and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy. All procedures performed conformed with USGS guidelines for the humane treatment of the test organisms during culture and experimentation. The use of trade names does not constitute USGS or United States Government endorsement. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 63 IS 4 BP 563 EP 573 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9797-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 014BE UT WOS:000309349300011 PM 22961179 ER PT J AU Warner, SE Shriver, WG Olsen, BJ Greenberg, RG Taylor, RJ AF Warner, Sarah E. Shriver, W. Gregory Olsen, Brian J. Greenberg, Russell G. Taylor, Robert J. TI Mercury in Wing and Tail Feathers of Hatch-Year and Adult Tidal Marsh Sparrows SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FRESH-WATER; COMMON LOONS; BIRD FEATHERS; MALLARD EGGS; HEAVY-METALS; BLOOD; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION; PATTERNS AB We estimated mercury exposure and bioaccumulation in sparrow feathers to determine variation among age groups, between sparrow species, and between feather types. Results of feather mercury studies in piscivorous birds indicate that mercury concentrations tend to increase with age and differ between feather types; however, data for insectivorous birds are lacking. We estimated mercury exposure of two insectivorous and sympatric tidal marsh sparrows: coastal plain swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana nigrescens), and seaside sparrow (Ammodramous maritimus). Tidal marshes have favorable conditions for mercury methlyation, thus it is likely that tidal marsh sparrows are exposed to methylmercury. We found no difference in mercury concentrations between males and female birds of both species. Adult swamp sparrow feather mercury concentrations did not differ among adult age groups; therefore, mercury was not found to increase with age in sparrows at the site. Hatch-year birds had significantly greater feather mercury concentrations compared with adult birds for both species. Mercury concentrations in adult seaside sparrows were twice as high as those in adult swamp sparrows suggesting species-specific variation, although concentrations in hatch-year sparrow species did not differ. Mercury concentrations differed between feather types in adults of both species. The first primary feather of both species had at least three times greater mercury concentrations than the outer tail feather possibly reflecting varying depuration rates with feather type. C1 [Warner, Sarah E.; Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Greenberg, Russell G.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Taylor, Robert J.] Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Warner, SE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Field Off, 505 Sci Dr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM sarah_warner@fws.gov FU University of Delaware, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; The Wildlife Society FX We thank the University of Delaware, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and The Wildlife Society Wildlife Toxicology Working Group for financial and institutional support. James Haas and Linda Lyon provided valuable comments on early versions of this manuscript and are warmly acknowledged. We appreciate the critique by two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions improved the manuscript. We thank E. Kehas, S. Lawrence, B. Kiamal, V. Shiavi, M. Sieges, and H. Szalkowski for field support. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 63 IS 4 BP 586 EP 593 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9783-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 014BE UT WOS:000309349300013 PM 22864586 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, Michael J. TI Data-driven modeling of surface temperature anomaly and solar activity trends SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE El Nino Southern Oscillation; Global climate change; Land surface temperature anomalies; Sea surface temperature anomalies; Reconstruction; Self-organizing map; Quantile modeling; Uncertainty; Medieval Warming Period; Little Ice Age ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; MISSING VALUES; DATA SETS; ICE-AGE; VARIABILITY AB A novel two-step modeling scheme is used to reconstruct and analyze surface temperature and solar activity data at global, hemispheric, and regional scales. First, the self-organizing map (SOM) technique is used to extend annual modern climate data from the century to millennial scale. The SOM component planes are used to identify and quantify strength of nonlinear relations among modern surface temperature anomalies (<150 years), tropical and extratropical teleconnections, and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (0-2000 years). Cross-validation of global sea and land surface temperature anomalies verifies that the SOM is an unbiased estimator with less uncertainty than the magnitude of anomalies. Second, the quantile modeling of SOM reconstructions reveal trends and periods in surface temperature anomaly and solar activity whose timing agrees with published studies. Temporal features in surface temperature anomalies, such as the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, and Modern Warming Period, appear at all spatial scales but whose magnitudes increase when moving from ocean to land, from global to regional scales, and from southern to northern regions. Some caveats that apply when interpreting these data are the high-frequency filtering of climate signals based on quantile model selection and increased uncertainty when paleoclimatic data are limited. Even so, all models find the rate and magnitude of Modern Warming Period anomalies to be greater than those during the Medieval Warm Period. Lastly, quantile trends among reconstructed equatorial Pacific temperature profiles support the recent assertion of two primary El Nino Southern Oscillation types. These results demonstrate the efficacy of this alternative modeling approach for reconstructing and interpreting scale-dependent climate variables. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Friedel, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Friedel, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Computat & Math Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Geochem Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov RI Fraser, Stephen/A-8219-2008 OI Fraser, Stephen/0000-0002-0856-5300 NR 112 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.04.016 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969FQ UT WOS:000306041500020 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Conrad, TA Frank, M Christl, M Sager, WW AF Hein, J. R. Conrad, T. A. Frank, M. Christl, M. Sager, W. W. TI Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE age dating; deep-water; diagenetic crusts; ferromanganese crusts and nodules; high Cu, Ni, Li, Th; mid-latitudes ID POLAR WANDER PATH; COBALT-RICH; DEEP-SEA; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; TRIPLE JUNCTION; SUBSTRATE ROCKS; SOUTH-PACIFIC; EAST PACIFIC; TRACE-METALS AB A unique set of ferromanganese crusts and nodules collected from Shatsky Rise (SR), NW Pacific, were analyzed for mineralogical and chemical compositions, and dated using Be isotopes and cobalt chronometry. The composition of these midlatitude, deep-water deposits is markedly different from northwest-equatorial Pacific (PCZ) crusts, where most studies have been conducted. Crusts and nodules on SR formed in close proximity and some nodule deposits were cemented and overgrown by crusts, forming amalgamated deposits. The deep-water SR crusts are high in Cu, Li, and Th and low in Co, Te, and Tl concentrations compared to PCZ crusts. Thorium concentrations (ppm) are especially striking with a high of 152 (mean 56), compared to PCZ crusts (mean 11). The deep-water SR crusts show a diagenetic chemical signal, but not a diagenetic mineralogy, which together constrain the redox conditions to early oxic diagenesis. Diagenetic input to crusts is rare, but unequivocal in these deep-water crusts. Copper, Ni, and Li are strongly enriched in SR deep-water deposits, but only in layers older than about 3.4 Ma. Diagenetic reactions in the sediment and dissolution of biogenic calcite in the water column are the likely sources of these metals. The highest concentrations of Li are in crust layers that formed near the calcite compensation depth. The onset of Ni, Cu, and Li enrichment in the middle Miocene and cessation at about 3.4 Ma were accompanied by changes in the deep-water environment, especially composition and flow rates of water masses, and location of the carbonate compensation depth. C1 [Hein, J. R.; Conrad, T. A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Frank, M.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Christl, M.] ETH, Lab Ion Beam Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Sager, W. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov RI Christl, Marcus/J-4769-2016 OI Christl, Marcus/0000-0002-3131-6652 NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q10022 DI 10.1029/2012GC004286 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 032CX UT WOS:000310690700005 ER PT J AU Fontes, HM Castro-Santos, T Makrakis, S Gomes, LC Latini, JD AF Fontes Junior, Helio Martins Castro-Santos, Theodore Makrakis, Sergio Gomes, Luiz Carlos Latini, Joao Dirco TI A barrier to upstream migration in the fish passage of Itaipu Dam (Canal da Piracema), Parana River basin SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish migration; Nature-like; Neotropical fishes; PIT-tag; Telemetry ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; VELOCITY BARRIERS; NEOTROPICAL FISH; PIT TELEMETRY; BRAZIL; MOVEMENTS; SYSTEM; POPULATIONS; EFFICIENCY; FISHERIES AB The majority of the fish passages built in the Neotropical region are characterised by low efficiency and high selectivity; in many cases, the benefits to fish populations are uncertain. Studies conducted in the Canal da Piracema at Itaipu dam on the Parana River indicate that the system component designated as the Discharge channel in the Bela Vista River (herein named Canal de desague no rio Bela Vista or CABV), a 200 m long technical section, was the main barrier to the upstream migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of restriction imposed by the CABV on upstream movements of Prochilodus lineatus and Leporinus elongatus, Characiformes. Fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) and released both downstream and upstream of this critical section. Individuals of both species released downstream of the CABV took much more time to reach the upper end of the system (43.6 days vs. 15.9 days), and passed in much lower proportions (18% vs. 60.8%) than those tagged upstream of this component. Although more work is needed to differentiate between fishway effects and natural variation in migratory motivation, the results clearly demonstrate passage problems at the CABV. C1 [Fontes Junior, Helio Martins] MARR CD, Div Reservatorio, BR-85856970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] USGS SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Makrakis, Sergio] Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Grp Pesquisa Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Recursos P, Programa Posgrad Recursos Pesqueiros & Engn Pesca, BR-85903000 Toledo, PR, Brazil. [Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Latini, Joao Dirco] Univ Estadual Maringa, NUPELIA, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RP Fontes, HM (reprint author), MARR CD, Div Reservatorio, Av Tancredo Neves 6731, BR-85856970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil. EM hfontesjunior@gmail.com; tcastrosantos@usgs.gov; makrakis@terra.com.br; lcgomes@nupelia.uem.br; latinijd@nupelia.uem.br RI Gomes, Luiz/D-5886-2013; OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU Itaipu Binacional FX We thank Itaipu Binacional for financial and logistic support in this study. This article does not imply an assumption of responsibility by USGS. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 56 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 697 EP 704 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 032AV UT WOS:000310685000002 ER PT J AU Makrakis, S Castro-Santos, T Makrakis, MC Wagner, RL Adames, MS AF Makrakis, Sergio Castro-Santos, Theodore Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli Wagner, Ricardo Luiz Adames, Mauricio Spagnolo TI Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for Neotropical fish species SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barriers; Criteria for culverts; Road crossing; Stream ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; COHO SALMON; BARRIERS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Improperly installed or poorly maintained culverts can pose a serious threat to fish by disrupting their habitat and endangering spawning success. Road culverts that are not designed for fish passage frequently can become obstacles. This can be especially problematic for migratory species, but can lead to fragmentation of resident populations as well. This study evaluated 40 culverts of 29 sites within a 25-km radius from Toledo city, Parana State, southern Brazil, with respect to their likely effects on movement of the local ichthyofauna. We collected data on the shape and length of culverts, culvert material, waterfall height, water column depth, slope, and estimated flow velocity. Culverts were categorized by level of barrier risk for upstream migration: high, medium, low, and impassable, as well as the type of barrier posed ( fall height, depth, length and velocity). Most of culverts analyzed were considered potential barriers to fish movement, with 45% classified as impassible, 45% as high risk, 10% as medium risk, and no culverts as low risk. Brazilian culverts as fishways will require additional monitoring and studies to corroborate the premises proposed in the present study. Road culvert projects that are properly built and maintained will be able to simultaneously improve function of roadways and protect fish populations. C1 [Makrakis, Sergio; Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli] Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Grp Pesquisa Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Recursos P, BR-85903000 Toledo, PR, Brazil. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Makrakis, Sergio; Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli; Wagner, Ricardo Luiz; Adames, Mauricio Spagnolo] Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Programa Posgrad Recursos Pesqueiros & Engn Pesca, BR-85903000 Toledo, PR, Brazil. RP Makrakis, S (reprint author), Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Grp Pesquisa Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Recursos P, Rua Fac 645, BR-85903000 Toledo, PR, Brazil. EM makrakis@terra.com.br; TCastro_Santos@usgs.gov; mmakrakis@terra.com.br; ricabatata@hotmail.com; mauricio_adames@hotmail.com OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU CNPq - Edital MCT/CNPq [14/2008, 476060/2008-7] FX Project supported by CNPq - Edital MCT/CNPq No 14/2008 - Process number: 476060/2008-7. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 763 EP 770 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 032AV UT WOS:000310685000009 ER PT J AU Wagner, RL Makrakis, S Castro-Santos, T Makrakis, MC Dias, JHP Belmont, RF AF Wagner, Ricardo Luiz Makrakis, Sergio Castro-Santos, Theodore Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli Pinheiro Dias, Joao Henrique Belmont, Rene Fuster TI Passage performance of long-distance upstream migrants at a large dam on the Parana River and the compounding effects of entry and ascent SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Attraction; Dams; Fish ladder; Fishway; Migration; Swimming performance ID VELOCITY BARRIERS; FISH-PASSAGE; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; MIGRATORY FISH; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; BRAZIL; LADDER AB This paper presents results of a fishway evaluation performed at the Engenheiro Sergio Motta Hydroelectric Power Plant (known as Porto Primavera) - CESP, Parana River, Brazil. The evaluation was designed to quantify entry and passage proportions of 4 long-distance migratory fish species: Brycon orbignyanus (piracanjuba), Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), Prochilodus lineatus (curimba), and Rhinelepis aspera (cascudo-preto). Proportions finding and entering the fishway differed between species, ranged from 7.4 % (Prochilodus lineatus) to 55.4% (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Also, proportion passing was different between species, ranged from 31% (R. aspera) to 100% (Prochilodus lineatus). Fish that were marked and released within the fishway had greater failure rates than those that entered volitionally. Total time to pass ranged from 1.48 hours (Prochilodus lineatus) to 178.9 hours (R. aspera). Failure rates were greatest in the lower end of the fishway. Although some individuals of all species passed successfully, significant challenges remain to restoring connectivity of the upper Parana River. C1 [Wagner, Ricardo Luiz] Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Programa Posgrad Recursos Pesqueiros & Engn Pesca, BR-85903000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil. [Makrakis, Sergio; Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli] Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Grp Pesquisa Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Recursos P, Programa Posgrad Recursos Pesqueiros & Engn Pesca, BR-85903000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pinheiro Dias, Joao Henrique; Belmont, Rene Fuster] CESP, BR-16920000 Castilho, SP, Brazil. RP Wagner, RL (reprint author), Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Programa Posgrad Recursos Pesqueiros & Engn Pesca, Rua Fac 645, BR-85903000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil. EM ricabatata@hotmail.com; makrakis@terra.com.br; TCastro_Santos@usgs.gov; mmakrakis@terra.com.br; joao.dias@cesp.com.br; rene.belmont@cesp.gov.br OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo (CESP); Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica (ANEEL); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) FX We thank Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo (CESP) and Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica (ANEEL) for financial and logistic support, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for Produtividade em Pesquisa-PQ (MCM) scholarship. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 785 EP 795 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 032AV UT WOS:000310685000011 ER PT J AU Salant, NL Schmidt, JC Budy, P Wilcock, PR AF Salant, Nira L. Schmidt, John C. Budy, Phaedra Wilcock, Peter R. TI Unintended consequences of restoration: Loss of riffles and gravel substrates following weir installation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Backwaters; Grade-control structures; Instream habitat; Pool-riffle morphology; Redband trout; River restoration ID GRADE-CONTROL STRUCTURES; RIVER REDBAND TROUT; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; CHANNEL INCISION; STREAM; SEDIMENT; MONTANA; BEDROCK; SCOUR AB We used pre- and post-restoration channel surveys of the Donner und Blitzen River, Oregon, to evaluate the effects of grade-control structures on channel morphology and baseflow habitat conditions for native redband trout and other aquatic biota. Six years after installation, we found that the channel had a smaller proportion of riffles and pools and less gravel substrate, combined with an increase in the proportion of flat waters and consolidated clay on the bed surface. Both local scour downstream from weirs and backwater effects upstream from weirs appear to have caused the general flattening and fining of the channel. A direct-step backwater calculation indicates that backwaters extended to the upstream weir at both low and high flows, creating long sections of flat water separated by short, steep drops. Despite backwater effects, a comparison of longitudinal profiles before and six years after weir installation showed bed erosion downstream of nearly all weirs, likely a consequence of the cohesive clay material that dominates the channel bed and banks. A deep inner channel reflects the cohesive nature of the clay and the mechanisms of abrasion, and indicates that sediment load is low relative to the transport capacity of the flow. Unfortunately, weirs were problematic in this system because of the cohesive clay substrate, limited sediment supply, and low channel gradient. Although deeper flows due to backwaters might be more favorable for resident trout, less gravel and fewer riffles are likely to negatively impact trout spawning habitat, macroinvertebrate communities, and biofilm productivity. Our results demonstrate the potential limitations of a single-feature approach to restoration that may be ineffective for a given geomorphic context and may overlook other aspects of the ecosystem. We highlight the need to incorporate geomorphic characteristics of a system into project design and predictions of system response. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Salant, Nira L.; Schmidt, John C.; Budy, Phaedra; Wilcock, Peter R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wilcock, Peter R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Salant, NL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM nira.salant@usu.edu; jack.schmidt@usu.edu; phaedra.budy@usu.edu; wilcock@jhu.edu RI Wilcock, Peter/A-3299-2010 NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 62 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 109 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 013GQ UT WOS:000309294300016 PM 22728828 ER PT J AU Wong, CI Mahler, BJ Musgrove, M Banner, JL AF Wong, C. I. Mahler, B. J. Musgrove, M. Banner, J. L. TI Changes in sources and storage in a karst aquifer during a transition from drought to wet conditions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Karst; Drought; Telogenetic; Edwards aquifer; Groundwater; Texas ID CENTRAL TEXAS; EOGENETIC KARST; CARBONATE AQUIFER; EDWARDS AQUIFER; WATER-QUALITY; CONDUIT FLOW; KENTUCKY; MODEL; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER AB Understanding the sources and processes that control groundwater compositions and the timing and magnitude of groundwater vulnerability to potential surface-water contamination under varying meteorologic conditions is critical to informing groundwater protection policies and practices. This is especially true in karst terrains, where infiltrating surface water can rapidly affect groundwater quality. We analyzed the evolution of groundwater compositions (major ions and Sr isotopes) during the transition from extreme drought to wet conditions, and used inverse geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) to constrain controls on groundwater compositions during this evolution. Spring water and groundwater from two wells dominantly receiving diffuse and conduit flow (termed diffuse site and conduit site, respectively) in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer (central Texas, USA) and surface water from losing streams that recharge the aquifer were sampled every 3-4 weeks during November 2008-March 2010. During this period, water compositions at the spring and conduit sites changed rapidly but there was no change at the diffuse site, illustrating the dual nature (i.e., diffuse vs. conduit) of flow in this karst system. Geochemical modeling demonstrated that, within a month of the onset of wet conditions, the majority of spring water and groundwater at the conduit site was composed of surface water, providing quantitative information on the timing and magnitude of the vulnerability of groundwater to potential surface-water contamination. The temporal pattern of increasing spring discharge and changing pattern of covariation between spring discharge and surface-water (steam) recharge indicates that that there were two modes of aquifer response-one with a small amount of storage and a second that accommodates more storage. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, C. I.; Banner, J. L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mahler, B. J.; Musgrove, M.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX USA. RP Wong, CI (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ciwong@utexas.edu RI Banner, Jay/C-8676-2011; OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 FU Environmental Protection Agency's STAR Program [FP917114]; Jackson School of Geological Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin; EPA [FP917114] FX We thank Thomas Sample from the U.S.G.S. Texas Water Science Center, Brian Hunt and Brian Smith from the Barton Springs Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, and Nico Hauwert and Chris Herrington from the City of Austin. The manuscript was improved by comments from Bradley Garner and two anonymous reviewers. Support was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency's STAR Program (FP917114) and the Jackson School of Geological Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin. This article was made possible by EPA fellowship FP917114. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the fellow and do not necessarily represent the official views of the EPA. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 468 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.030 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 028IE UT WOS:000310415200016 ER PT J AU Swanson, RD Singha, K Day-Lewis, FD Binley, A Keating, K Haggerty, R AF Swanson, Ryan D. Singha, Kamini Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Binley, Andrew Keating, Kristina Haggerty, Roy TI Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FRACTIONAL DISPERSION; ADVECTION-DISPERSION; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; SURFACE-REACTIONS; TRACER TESTS; NMR; RELAXATION AB Previous field-scale experimental data and numerical modeling suggest that the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) of electrolytic tracers has an observable geoelectrical signature. Here we present controlled laboratory experiments confirming the electrical signature of DDMT and demonstrate the use of time-lapse electrical measurements in conjunction with concentration measurements to estimate the parameters controlling DDMT, i.e., the mobile and immobile porosity and rate at which solute exchanges between mobile and immobile domains. We conducted column tracer tests on unconsolidated quartz sand and a material with a high secondary porosity: the zeolite clinoptilolite. During NaCl tracer tests we collected nearly colocated bulk direct-current electrical conductivity (sigma(b)) and fluid conductivity (sigma(f)) measurements. Our results for the zeolite show (1) extensive tailing and (2) a hysteretic relation between sigma(f) and sigma(b), thus providing evidence of mass transfer not observed within the quartz sand. To identify best-fit parameters and evaluate parameter sensitivity, we performed over 2700 simulations of sigma(f), varying the immobile and mobile domain and mass transfer rate. We emphasized the fit to late-time tailing by minimizing the Box-Cox power transformed root-mean square error between the observed and simulated sigma(f). Low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements provide an independent quantification of the volumes of the mobile and immobile domains. The best-fit parameters based on sigma(f) match the NMR measurements of the immobile and mobile domain porosities and provide the first direct electrical evidence for DDMT. Our results underscore the potential of using electrical measurements for DDMT parameter inference. C1 [Swanson, Ryan D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn Hydrol Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn Hydrol Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT USA. [Binley, Andrew] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Keating, Kristina] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Swanson, RD (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn Hydrol Sci & Engn, 214 Berthoud Hall, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ryswans@mymail.mines.edu RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Binley, Andrew/C-2487-2013; Swanson, Ryan/I-6173-2013; OI Binley, Andrew/0000-0002-0938-9070; Swanson, Ryan/0000-0001-6428-4493; Keating, Kristina/0000-0002-5531-8716 FU Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program [DE-SC0001773]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0750756, DGE-1057607, EAR-0747629]; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program grant DE-SC0001773, National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship DGE-0750756 and DGE-1057607, National Science Foundation grant EAR-0747629, and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The views and conclusions in this article represent the views solely of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies, but do represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the reviewers whose comments have led to a significant improvement of this paper. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W10543 DI 10.1029/2012WR012431 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 027IV UT WOS:000310346600001 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Jassby, AD AF Cloern, James E. Jassby, Alan D. TI DRIVERS OF CHANGE IN ESTUARINE-COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS: DISCOVERIES FROM FOUR DECADES OF STUDY IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CONTROL PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; CLEAN-WATER-ACT; FRESH-WATER; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; MARINE EUTROPHICATION; REMARKABLE INVASION AB Poised at the interface of rivers, ocean, atmosphere and dense human settlement, estuaries are driven by a large array of natural and anthropogenic forces. San Francisco Bay exemplifies the fast-paced change occurring in many of the world's estuaries, bays, and inland seas in response to these diverse forces. We use observations from this particularly well-studied estuary to illustrate responses to six drivers that are common agents of change where land and sea meet: water consumption and diversion, human modification of sediment supply, introduction of nonnative species, sewage input, environmental policy, and climate shifts. In San Francisco Bay, responses to these drivers include, respectively, shifts in the timing and extent of freshwater inflow and salinity intrusion, decreasing turbidity, restructuring of plankton communities, nutrient enrichment, elimination of hypoxia and reduced metal contamination of biota, and food web changes that decrease resistance of the estuary to nutrient pollution. Detection of these changes and discovery of their causes through environmental monitoring have been essential for establishing and measuring outcomes of environmental policies that aim to maintain high water quality and sustain services provided by estuarine-coastal ecosystems. The many time scales of variability and the multiplicity of interacting drivers place heavy demands on estuarine monitoring programs, but the San Francisco Bay case study illustrates why the imperative for monitoring has never been greater. C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science; National Research Program of the USGS Water Resources Discipline; San Francisco Estuary Institute-Regional Monitoring Program FX The following people generously shared data used in this review: Heather Fuller, Karen Gehrts, and Tariq Kadir (California Department of Water Resources); Kathy Hieb and April Hennessy (California Department of Fish and Game); James Ervin, Neal Van Keuren, Bob Wandro, and Alo Kauravlla (City of San Jose, Environmental Services); Ken Torke (City of Palo Alto); Michelle Hornberger (USGS); Tim Hollibaugh (University of Georgia); Norbert Jaworski (U.S. EPA, retired); David Wilcox (Virginia Institute of Marine Science); Judith Dobson (Scottish Environment Protection Agency); Teresa Catry (CESAM/Museu Nacional de Historia Natural, Portugal); Charles Gallegos (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center); Jens Wurgler Hansen (Aarhus University, Denmark); Shilun Yang (East China Normal University); Wim Kimmerer (San Francisco State University); Hans Ulrik Riisgard (University of Southern Denmark). We thank our colleagues Lisa Lucas, Noah Knowles, Anke Muller-Solger, Dave Schoellhamer, Mike Brett, and Erica Goldman for their helpful suggestions to improve this paper. Funding for the long-term USGS studies of San Francisco Bay biological communities and water quality has been provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, USGS Priority Ecosystem Science, National Research Program of the USGS Water Resources Discipline, and the San Francisco Estuary Institute-Regional Monitoring Program. We are deeply appreciative of the characteristically insightful comments and supportive words from the late Scott Nixon. NR 211 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 180 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 50 AR RG4001 DI 10.1029/2012RG000397 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 027HO UT WOS:000310343300001 ER PT J AU Kolasa, J Allen, CR Sendzimir, J Stow, CA AF Kolasa, Jurek Allen, Craig R. Sendzimir, Jan Stow, Craig A. TI Predictions and retrodictions of the hierarchical representation of habitat in heterogeneous environments SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical habitat structure; Predictions; Species abundance; Discontinuities in ecological traits; Allometry; Comparative population variability ID PREDATOR-PREY METAPOPULATION; SOURCE-SINK METACOMMUNITIES; BODY-SIZE; RANGE SIZE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CORAL-REEFS; VARIABILITY; BUTTERFLIES; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB Interaction between habitat and species is central in ecology. Habitat structure may be conceived as being hierarchical, where larger, more diverse, portions or categories contain smaller, more homogeneous portions. When this conceptualization is combined with the observation that species have different abilities to relate to portions of the habitat that differ in their characteristics, a number of known patterns can be derived and new patterns hypothesized. We propose a quantitative form of this habitat-species relationship by considering species abundance to be a function of habitat specialization, habitat fragmentation, amount of habitat, and adult body mass. The model reproduces and explains patterns such as variation in rank-abundance curves, greater variation and extinction probabilities of habitat specialists, discontinuities in traits (abundance, ecological range, pattern of variation, body size) among species sharing a community or area, and triangular distribution of body sizes, among others. The model has affinities to Holling's textural discontinuity hypothesis and metacommunity theory but differs from both by offering a more general perspective. In support of the model, we illustrate its general potential to capture and explain several empirical observations that historically have been treated independently. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolasa, Jurek] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sendzimir, Jan] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Kolasa, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main Str W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM kolasa@mcmaster.ca RI Allen, Craig/J-4464-2012; OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU McDonnell Foundation; NSERC; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX McDonnell Foundation grant to CA, and NSERC grant to JK provided funding for this project. Jon Dushoff and Tamara Romanuk supplied helpful comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. The paper constitutes GLERL contribution number 1625; (C.A. Stow). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 245 SI SI BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.030 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KM UT WOS:000309374600020 ER PT J AU Franco, JN Ceia, FR Patricio, J Modesto, V Thompson, J Marques, JC Neto, JM AF Franco, J. N. Ceia, F. R. Patricio, J. Modesto, V. Thompson, J. Marques, J. C. Neto, J. M. TI Population dynamics of Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) in mesohaline and oligohaline habitats: Invasion success in a Southern Europe estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corbicula fluminea; Mondego estuary; population dynamics; non-indigenous invasive species; oligohaline; mesohaline ID RIVER MINHO ESTUARY; WATER TIDAL AREA; LIFE-CYCLE; TEMPERATE ESTUARY; DELTA ARGENTINA; MOLLUSCAN FAUNA; BIVALVIA; CLAM; PORTUGAL; FRANCE AB Due to its range expansion and potential ecological effects, Corbicula fluminea is considered one of the most important non-indigenous species (NIS) in aquatic ecosystems. Its presence since 2003 in the upstream area of Mondego estuary (oligohaline and mesohaline sectors) was studied during thirteen months, from December 2007 to December 2008. Monthly mean abundance and biomass ranged from 542 to 11142 individuals M-2 and 13.1-20.4 g Ash Free Dry Weight m(-2), respectively. Populations of C. fluminea were composed mostly of juveniles, always present in extremely high densities compared to other estuarine ecosystems (e.g. Minho estuary) suggesting a continuous recruitment pattern. The hydraulic regime of the River Mondego favours the downstream colonization of the upper Mondego estuary by recruits produced upstream. However, salinity in these sectors of the estuary apparently neither favours growth nor the establishment of structured populations of this species. Other factors like contaminants and predation, which were not studied, could also contribute to the community structure observed. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Franco, J. N.; Ceia, F. R.; Patricio, J.; Modesto, V.; Marques, J. C.; Neto, J. M.] Univ Coimbra, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, IMAR Inst Marine Res, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. [Thompson, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Franco, JN (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, IMAR Inst Marine Res, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. EM jfranco@zoo.uc.pt RI Ceia, Filipe/A-2196-2012; Patricio, Joana/O-5030-2014; Neto, Joao /F-1159-2013; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/L-9478-2014; OI Ceia, Filipe/0000-0002-5470-5183; Patricio, Joana/0000-0003-1832-0996; Neto, Joao /0000-0002-9033-3671; Pinto Modesto, Ana Vanessa/0000-0001-7619-5463; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/0000-0001-8865-8189; Franco, Joao N/0000-0002-8249-5224 FU European Social Fund; MCTES national funds, through the POPH: Human Potential Operational Program-NSRF: National Strategic Reference Framework-4.4; FCT (Portuguese National Board of Scientific Research) [SFRH/BD/64558/2009] FX The authors are indebted to all colleagues from IMAR - Coimbra who assisted in the field and laboratory work. The present study was carried using means provided by the research projects RECONNECT (PTDC/MAR/64627/2006), EXTREMIS (III/36/2008), WISER (FP7-ENV-2008-226273), and 3M-RECITAL (LTER/BIA-BEC/0019/2009). It was also subsidized by the European Social Fund and MCTES national funds, through the POPH: Human Potential Operational Program-NSRF: National Strategic Reference Framework-4.4 and through the grant (SFRH/BD/64558/2009) supported by FCT (Portuguese National Board of Scientific Research). NR 51 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 112 SI SI BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.07.014 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 031OQ UT WOS:000310652000005 ER PT J AU Arciniega-Ceballos, A Dawson, P Chouet, BA AF Arciniega-Ceballos, Alejandra Dawson, Phillip Chouet, Bernard A. TI Long period seismic source characterization at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION; SOURCE MECHANISM; EVENTS; EXPLOSIONS; SIGNALS AB The seismicity of Popocatepetl is dominated by long-period and very-long period signals associated with hydrothermal processes and magmatic degassing. We model the source mechanism of repetitive long-period signals in the 0.4-2 s band from a 15-station broadband network by stacking long-period events with similar waveforms to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The data are well fitted by a point source located within the summit crater similar to 250 m below the crater floor and similar to 200 m from the inferred magma conduit. The inferred source includes a volumetric component that can be modeled as resonance of a horizontal steam-filled crack and a vertical single force component. The long-period events are thought to be related to the interaction between the magmatic system and a perched hydrothermal system. Repetitive injection of fluid into the horizontal fracture and subsequent sudden discharge when a critical pressure threshold is met provides a non-destructive source process. Citation: Arciniega-Ceballos, A., P. Dawson, and B. A. Chouet (2012), Long period seismic source characterization at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20307, doi:10.1029/2012GL053494. C1 [Arciniega-Ceballos, Alejandra] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Dawson, Phillip; Chouet, Bernard A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Arciniega-Ceballos, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM maac@geofisica.unam.mx FU CONACYT [101515]; UNAM-PAPIIT [IN106111] FX This work was partially supported by grants from CONACYT 101515 and UNAM-PAPIIT IN106111. We thank Matthew Haney and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L20307 DI 10.1029/2012GL053494 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024AM UT WOS:000310079700005 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Jameson, JW Baerwald, EF Willis, CKR Barclay, RMR Snider, EA Crichton, EG AF Cryan, Paul M. Jameson, Joel W. Baerwald, Erin F. Willis, Craig K. R. Barclay, Robert M. R. Snider, E. Apple Crichton, Elizabeth G. TI Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; LONG-EARED BATS; HIBERNATING BATS; PENILE SPINES; ENERGY FACILITIES; MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS; PLECOTUS-AURITUS; NORTH-AMERICA; GLANS-PENIS; FATALITIES AB Understanding animal mating systems is an important component of their conservation, yet the precise mating times for many species of bats are unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the details and timing of reproductive events in species of bats that die most frequently at wind turbines in North America, because such information can help inform conservation strategies. We examined the reproductive anatomy of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red bats (L. borealis), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) found dead beneath industrial-scale wind turbines to learn more about when they mate. We evaluated 103 L. cinereus, 18 L. borealis, and 47 Ln. noctivagans from wind energy facilities in the United States and Canada. Histological analysis revealed that most male L. cinereus and L. borealis, as well as over half the Ln. noctivagans examined had sperm in the caudae epididymides by late August, indicating readiness to mate. Testes regression in male hoary bats coincided with enlargement of seminal vesicles and apparent growth of keratinized spines on the glans penis. Seasonality of these processes also suggests that mating could occur during August in L. cinereus. Spermatozoa were found in the uterus of an adult female hoary bat collected in September, but not in any other females. Ovaries of all females sampled had growing secondary or tertiary follicles, indicating sexual maturity even in first-year females. Lasiurus cinereus, L. borealis, and Ln. noctivagans are the only North American temperate bats in which most first-year young of both sexes are known to sexually mature in their first autumn. Our findings provide the first detailed information published on the seasonal timing of mating readiness in these species most affected by wind turbines. C1 [Cryan, Paul M.; Snider, E. Apple] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jameson, Joel W.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Jameson, Joel W.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Ctr Forest Interdisciplinary Res, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Baerwald, Erin F.; Barclay, Robert M. R.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Snider, E. Apple] US Forest Serv, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Crichton, Elizabeth G.] Univ Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov RI Willis, Craig/F-5218-2013; OI Baerwald, Erin/0000-0002-6399-4749; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey; Sustainable Development Innovation Fund of Manitoba Conservation; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada); Bat Conservation International; University of Calgary's Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy; Alberta Wind Energy; TransAlta; Enmax; Suncor FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Geological Survey, grants to CW from the Sustainable Development Innovation Fund of Manitoba Conservation, grants to CW and RB from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada), and funding to RB and EB from Bat Conservation International, the University of Calgary's Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy, TransAlta, Enmax, Suncor, and Alberta Wind Energy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47586 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047586 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 023QT UT WOS:000310050200032 PM 23094065 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Biodiversity loss decreases parasite diversity: theory and patterns SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE coextinction; food web; parasite; biodiversity loss ID FOOD-WEB; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS; LARVAL TREMATODES; SALT MARSHES; BODY-SIZE; DISEASE; IMPACTS; HOSTS AB Past models have suggested host-parasite coextinction could lead to linear, or concave down relationships between free-living species richness and parasite richness. I explored several models for the relationship between parasite richness and biodiversity loss. Life cycle complexity, low generality of parasites and sensitivity of hosts reduced the robustness of parasite species to the loss of free-living species diversity. Food-web complexity and the ordering of extinctions altered these relationships in unpredictable ways. Each disassembly of a food web resulted in a unique relationship between parasite richness and the richness of free-living species, because the extinction trajectory of parasites was sensitive to the order of extinctions of free-living species. However, the average of many disassemblies tended to approximate an analytical model. Parasites of specialist hosts and hosts higher on food chains were more likely to go extinct in food-web models. Furthermore, correlated extinctions between hosts and parasites (e. g. if parasites share a host with a specialist predator) led to steeper declines in parasite richness with biodiversity loss. In empirical food webs with random removals of free-living species, the relationship between free-living species richness and parasite richness was, on average, quasi-linear, suggesting biodiversity loss reduces parasite diversity more than previously thought. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 71 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 367 IS 1604 BP 2814 EP 2827 DI 10.1098/rstb.2012.0110 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 006HZ UT WOS:000308811400003 PM 22966137 ER PT J AU Almberg, ES Cross, PC Dobson, AP Smith, DW Hudson, PJ AF Almberg, Emily S. Cross, Paul C. Dobson, Andrew P. Smith, Douglas W. Hudson, Peter J. TI Parasite invasion following host reintroduction: a case study of Yellowstone's wolves SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE wildlife reintroduction; parasite invasion; enemy release; Sarcoptes scabiei; sarcoptic mange; canine distemper virus ID NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; HIGH EXTINCTION RISK; SARCOPTIC MANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; BIGHORN SHEEP; UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; DISTEMPER VIRUS; CANIS-LATRANS; CENTRAL IDAHO AB Wildlife reintroductions select or treat individuals for good health with the expectation that these individuals will fare better than infected animals. However, these individuals, new to their environment, may also be particularly susceptible to circulating infections and this may result in high morbidity and mortality, potentially jeopardizing the goals of recovery. Here, using the reintroduction of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park as a case study, we address the question of how parasites invade a reintroduced population and consider the impact of these invasions on population performance. We find that several viral parasites rapidly invaded the population inside the park, likely via spillover from resident canid species, and we contrast these with the slower invasion of sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The spatio-temporal patterns of mange invasion were largely consistent with patterns of host connectivity and density, and we demonstrate that the area of highest resource quality, supporting the greatest density of wolves, is also the region that appears most susceptible to repeated disease invasion and parasite-induced declines. The success of wolf reintroduction appears not to have been jeopardized by infectious disease, but now shows signs of regulation or limitation modulated by parasites. C1 [Almberg, Emily S.; Hudson, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Smith, Douglas W.] Yellowstone Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Almberg, ES (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Huck Inst Life Sci, 201 Life Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM esa5046@psu.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU Park Oriented Biological Support grant from US Geological Survey; National Park Service; RAPIDD FX We thank the Yellowstone Wolf Project, and in particular, R. Raymond and C. Anton, for their help with data collection. This work was funded by a Park Oriented Biological Support grant from the US Geological Survey and the National Park Service. P.J. Hudson was supported by RAPIDD. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 13 U2 168 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 367 IS 1604 BP 2840 EP 2851 DI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0369 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 006HZ UT WOS:000308811400005 PM 22966139 ER PT J AU Kern, C Deutschmann, T Werner, C Sutton, AJ Elias, T Kelly, PJ AF Kern, Christoph Deutschmann, Tim Werner, Cynthia Sutton, A. Jeff Elias, Tamar Kelly, Peter J. TI Improving the accuracy of SO2 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; GAS EMISSIONS; NM REGION; DOAS; ABSORPTION; VALIDATION AB Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is monitored using ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy at numerous volcanoes around the world due to its importance as a measure of volcanic activity and a tracer for other gaseous species. Recent studies have shown that failure to take realistic radiative transfer into account during the spectral retrieval of the collected data often leads to large errors in the calculated emission rates. Here, the framework for a new evaluation method which couples a radiative transfer model to the spectral retrieval is described. In it, absorption spectra are simulated, and atmospheric parameters are iteratively updated in the model until a best match to the measurement data is achieved. The evaluation algorithm is applied to two example Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements conducted at Kilauea volcano (Hawaii). The resulting emission rates were 20 and 90% higher than those obtained with a conventional DOAS retrieval performed between 305 and 315 nm, respectively, depending on the different SO2 and aerosol loads present in the volcanic plume. The internal consistency of the method was validated by measuring and modeling SO2 absorption features in a separate wavelength region around 375 nm and comparing the results. Although additional information about the measurement geometry and atmospheric conditions is needed in addition to the acquired spectral data, this method for the first time provides a means of taking realistic three-dimensional radiative transfer into account when analyzing UV-spectral absorption measurements of volcanic SO2 plumes. C1 [Kern, Christoph; Werner, Cynthia; Kelly, Peter J.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Deutschmann, Tim] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Sutton, A. Jeff; Elias, Tamar] USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaiian Volcanoes Natl, HI USA. RP Kern, C (reprint author), USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM ckern@usgs.gov FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program FX C.K. would like to thank Nicole Bobrowski, Leif Vogel, Ulrich Platt and Bo Galle for the fruitful discussions during the early conceptualization of the presented work. Additional thanks go to Rob Martin for sharing aerosol data for comparison, and Andrew McGonigle, Fred Prata and Rick Wessels for their helpful reviews. C.K. also gratefully acknowledges the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program for providing funding for this study. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D20302 DI 10.1029/2012JD017936 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024AL UT WOS:000310079600002 ER PT J AU Konrad, CP AF Konrad, Christopher P. TI Reoccupation of floodplains by rivers and its relation to the age structure of floodplain vegetation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BANK EROSION; MEANDERING RIVERS; CHANNEL DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN FORESTS; PLANFORM; MIGRATION; MODEL; WASHINGTON; COTTONWOOD; MOUNTAINS AB River channel dynamics over many decades provide a physical control on the age structure of floodplain vegetation as a river occupies and abandons locations. Floodplain reoccupation by a river, in particular, determines the interval of time during which vegetation can establish and mature. A general framework for analyzing floodplain reoccupation and a time series model are developed and applied to five alluvial rivers in the United States. Channel dynamics in these rivers demonstrate time-scale dependence with short-term oscillations in active channel area in response to floods and subsequent vegetation growth and progressive lateral movement that accounts for much of the cumulative area occupied by the rivers over decades. Rivers preferentially reoccupy locations recently abandoned causing a decreasing probability of reoccupation with time since abandonment. For a typical case, a river is 10 times more likely to reoccupy an area it abandoned in the past decade than it is to reoccupy an area it abandoned 30 yrs ago. The decreasing probability of reoccupation over time is consistent with observations of persistent stands of late seral stage floodplain forest. A power function provides a robust approach for estimating the cumulative area occupied by a river and the age structure of riparian forests resulting from a specific historical sequence of streamflow in comparison to either linear or exponential alternatives. C1 US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Ste 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov OI Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G00N13 DI 10.1029/2011JG001906 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 023ZW UT WOS:000310077900001 ER PT J AU Ralston, DK Geyer, WR Warner, JC AF Ralston, David K. Geyer, W. Rockwell Warner, John C. TI Bathymetric controls on sediment transport in the Hudson River estuary: Lateral asymmetry and frontal trapping SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TOPOGRAPHY; DEPOSITION; SALINITY; DYNAMICS; SURFACE AB Analyses of field observations and numerical model results have identified that sediment transport in the Hudson River estuary is laterally segregated between channel and shoals, features frontal trapping at multiple locations along the estuary, and varies significantly over the spring-neap tidal cycle. Lateral gradients in depth, and therefore baroclinic pressure gradient and stratification, control the lateral distribution of sediment transport. Within the saline estuary, sediment fluxes are strongly landward in the channel and seaward on the shoals. At multiple locations, bottom salinity fronts form at bathymetric transitions in width or depth. Sediment convergences near the fronts create local maxima in suspended-sediment concentration and deposition, providing a general mechanism for creation of secondary estuarine turbidity maxima at bathymetric transitions. The lateral bathymetry also affects the spring-neap cycle of sediment suspension and deposition. In regions with broad, shallow shoals, the shoals are erosional and the channel is depositional during neap tides, with the opposite pattern during spring tides. Narrower, deeper shoals are depositional during neaps and erosional during springs. In each case, the lateral transfer is from regions of higher to lower bed stress, and depends on the elevation of the pycnocline relative to the bed. Collectively, the results indicate that lateral and along-channel gradients in bathymetry and thus stratification, bed stress, and sediment flux lead to an unsteady, heterogeneous distribution of sediment transport and trapping along the estuary rather than trapping solely at a turbidity maximum at the limit of the salinity intrusion. C1 [Ralston, David K.; Geyer, W. Rockwell] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ralston, DK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dralston@whoi.edu FU Hudson River Foundation [002/07A]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0846] FX This research was funded by a grant from the Hudson River Foundation (# 002/07A). D.R. was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-08-1-0846). We thank Gary Wall (USGS, New York Water Science Center) for the Poughkeepsie gauging station data and Frank Nitsche (Lamont-Doherty) for the benthic mapping data. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C10013 DI 10.1029/2012JC008124 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 023ZE UT WOS:000310075700002 ER PT J AU Robertson, LS McCormick, SD AF Robertson, Laura S. McCormick, Stephen D. TI The effect of nonylphenol on gene expression in Atlantic salmon smolts SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endocrine-disrupting compound; Expression; Microarray; Nonylphenol; Salmon; Smolt ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; INCREASED DAYLENGTH; K+ ATPASE; IN-VITRO; SALAR; 4-NONYLPHENOL; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; BIOACCUMULATION; CHANNEL; PARR AB The parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) is a complex developmental process that culminates in the ability to migrate to and live in seawater. Exposure to environmental contaminants like nonylphenol can disrupt smolt development and may be a contributing factor in salmon population declines. We used GRASP 16K cDNA microarrays to investigate the effects of nonylphenol on gene expression in Atlantic salmon smolts. Nonylphenol exposure reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and plasma cortisol and triiodothyronine levels. Transcriptional responses were examined in gill, liver, olfactory rosettes, hypothalamus, and pituitary. Expression of 124 features was significantly altered in the liver of fish exposed to nonylphenol; little to no transcriptional effects were observed in other tissues. mRNA abundance of genes involved in protein biosynthesis, folding, modification, transport and catabolism; nucleosome assembly, cell cycle, cell differentiation, microtubule-based movement, electron transport, and response to stress increased in nonylphenol-treated fish. This study expands our understanding of the effect of nonylphenol on smolting and provides potential targets for development of biomarkers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Robertson, Laura S.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Robertson, LS (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM lrobertson@usgs.gov; smccormick@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The excellent technical assistance otjamie Marie Marranca, Amy Regish and Michael O'Dea are gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 122 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.05.009 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 008QQ UT WOS:000308972000005 PM 22721786 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Ebel, BA AF Moody, John A. Ebel, Brian A. TI Difference infiltrometer: a method to measure temporally variable infiltration rates during rainstorms SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE wildfire; infiltration; Fourmile Canyon; convective and cyclonic storms; runoff ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; WATER REPELLENCY; SOIL; RUNOFF; FLOW; INTENSITY; WILDFIRE; EROSION; FOREST AB We developed a difference infiltrometer to measure time series of non-steady infiltration rates during rainstorms at the point scale. The infiltrometer uses two, tipping bucket rain gages. One gage measures rainfall onto, and the other measures runoff from, a small circular plot about 0.5-m in diameter. The small size allows the infiltration rate to be computed as the difference of the cumulative rainfall and cumulative runoff without having to route water through a large plot. Difference infiltrometers were deployed in an area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, Colorado, USA, and data were collected during the summer of 2011. The difference infiltrometer demonstrated the capability to capture different magnitudes of infiltration rates and temporal variability associated with convective (high intensity, short duration) and cyclonic (low intensity, long duration) rainstorms. Data from the difference infiltrometer were used to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil affected by the heat from a wildfire. The difference infiltrometer is portable and can be deployed in rugged, steep terrain and does not require the transport of water, as many rainfall simulators require, because it uses natural rainfall. It can be used to assess infiltration models, determine runoff coefficients, identify rainfall depth or rainfall intensity thresholds to initiate runoff, estimate parameters for infiltration models, and compare remediation treatments on disturbed landscapes. The difference infiltrometer can be linked with other types of soil monitoring equipment in long-term studies for detecting temporal and spatial variability at multiple time scales and in nested designs where it can be linked to hillslope and basin-scale runoff responses. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Moody, John A.; Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey FX Petter Nyman, Artemi Cerda, and Jason Kean each provide timely and insightful suggestions relative to the interpretation of the data processing and details of the scientific briefing itself. Bob Stallard provided critical enthusiasm, encouragement, and additional comments. Brian Ebel received support from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 21 BP 3312 EP 3318 DI 10.1002/hyp.9424 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 008FA UT WOS:000308941600015 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Harris, RN Werner, CA Murphy, F AF Hurwitz, Shaul Harris, Robert N. Werner, Cynthia A. Murphy, Fred TI Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field: Implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; CO2 EMISSIONS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; SOLFATARA-VOLCANO; FLUX; UPLIFT; SOIL; GAS; CONDUCTIVITY; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Characterizing the vigor of magmatic activity in Yellowstone requires knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of heat transport between magma and the ground surface. We present results from a heat flow study in two vapor dominated, acid-sulfate thermal areas in the Yellowstone Caldera, the 0.11 km(2) Obsidian Pool Thermal Area (OPTA) and the 0.25 km(2) Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area (SPTA). Conductive heat flux through a low permeability layer capping large vapor reservoirs is calculated from soil temperature measurements at > 600 locations and from laboratory measurements of soil properties. The conductive heat output is 3.6 +/- 0.4 MW and 7.5 +/- 0.4 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively. The advective heat output from soils is 1.3 +/- 0.3 MW and 1.2 +/- 0.3 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively and the heat output from thermal pools in the OPTA is 6.8 +/- 1.4 MW. These estimates result in a total heat output of 11.8 +/- 1.4 MW and 8.8 +/- 0.4 MW from OPTA and SPTA, respectively. Focused zones of high heat flux in both thermal areas are roughly aligned with regional faults suggesting that faults in both areas serve as conduits for the rising acid vapor. Extrapolation of the average heat flux from the OPTA (103 +/- 2 W.m(-2)) and SPTA (35 +/- 3 W.m(-2)) to the similar to 35 km(2) of vapor dominated areas in Yellowstone yields 3.6 and 1.2 GW, respectively, which is less than the total heat output transported by steam from the Yellowstone Caldera as estimated by the chloride inventory method (4.0 to 8.0 GW). C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul; Murphy, Fred] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Harris, Robert N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Werner, Cynthia A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov FU National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Summer Field Training Program; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; [NSF-EAR0545342] FX We thank Tori Klettke and Tim Brown for their extensive field and laboratory work that was supported by an internship through the National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Summer Field Training Program. Additional field work was carried out by Patrick Fulton, Russell Rosenburg, Michael Davis, Angela Diefenbach, and Greg Vaughan. Fred Grubb (USGS) carried out the thermal conductivity measurements and Dave Stonestrom (USGS) guided the porosity and water saturation measurements. Christie Hendrix and Stacy Gunther (Yellowstone National Park) assisted with coordination and logistics and Hank Heasler (Yellowstone National Park) provided aerial photos. We thank Jake Lowenstern, Greg Vaughan, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. S. Hurwitz, C. A. Werner, and F. Murphy were supported by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program and R.N. Harris was supported by NSF-EAR0545342. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B10207 DI 10.1029/2012JB009463 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 020PZ UT WOS:000309826900001 ER PT J AU Gannon, JL Elkington, SR Onsager, TG AF Gannon, J. L. Elkington, S. R. Onsager, T. G. TI Uncovering the nonadiabatic response of geosynchronous electrons to geomagnetic disturbance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT; ACCELERATION AB We describe an energy spectrum method for scaling electron integral flux, which is measured at a constant energy, to phase space density at a constant value of the first adiabatic invariant which removes much of the variation due to reversible adiabatic effects. Applying this method to nearly a solar cycle (1995-2006) of geosynchronous electron integral flux (E > 2.0 MeV) from the GOES satellites, we see that much of the diurnal variation in electron phase space density at constant energy can be removed by the transformation to phase space density at constant mu (4000 MeV/G). This allows us a clearer picture of underlying nonadiabatic electron population changes due to geomagnetic activity. Using scaled phase space density, we calculate the percentage of geomagnetic storms resulting in an increase, decrease, or no change in geosynchronous electrons as 38%, 7%, and 55%, respectively. We also show examples of changes in the electron population that may be different from the unscaled fluxes alone suggest. These examples include sudden electron enhancements during storms which appear during the peak of negative Dst for mu-scaled phase space density, contrary to the slow increase seen during the recovery phase for unscaled phase space density for the same event. C1 [Gannon, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80302 USA. [Elkington, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Onsager, T. G.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gannon, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80302 USA. EM jgannon@usgs.gov FU [NSF-0819963] FX The authors wish to thank C. A. Finn, J. J. Love and J. V. Rodriguez for reading a draft manuscript. This work was supported by grant NSF-0819963. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10215 DI 10.1029/2012JA017543 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 020QU UT WOS:000309829300001 ER PT J AU Prettyman, TH Mittlefehldt, DW Yamashita, N Lawrence, DJ Beck, AW Feldman, WC McCoy, TJ McSween, HY Toplis, MJ Titus, TN Tricarico, P Reedy, RC Hendricks, JS Forni, O Le Corre, L Li, JY Mizzon, H Reddy, V Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF Prettyman, Thomas H. Mittlefehldt, David W. Yamashita, Naoyuki Lawrence, David J. Beck, Andrew W. Feldman, William C. McCoy, Timothy J. McSween, Harry Y. Toplis, Michael J. Titus, Timothy N. Tricarico, Pasquale Reedy, Robert C. Hendricks, John S. Forni, Olivier Le Corre, Lucille Li, Jian-Yang Mizzon, Hugau Reddy, Vishnu Raymond, Carol A. Russell, Christopher T. TI Elemental Mapping by Dawn Reveals Exogenic H in Vesta's Regolith SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASTEROID 4 VESTA; BASALTIC ACHONDRITE; GAMMA-RAY; MINERALOGY; METEORITES; MISSION; WATER AB Using Dawn's Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector, we tested models of Vesta's evolution based on studies of howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites. Global Fe/O and Fe/Si ratios are consistent with HED compositions. Neutron measurements confirm that a thick, diogenitic lower crust is exposed in the Rheasilvia basin, which is consistent with global magmatic differentiation. Vesta's regolith contains substantial amounts of hydrogen. The highest hydrogen concentrations coincide with older, low-albedo regions near the equator, where water ice is unstable. The young, Rheasilvia basin contains the lowest concentrations. These observations are consistent with gradual accumulation of hydrogen by infall of carbonaceous chondrites-observed as clasts in some howardites-and subsequent removal or burial of this material by large impacts. C1 [Prettyman, Thomas H.; Yamashita, Naoyuki; Feldman, William C.; Tricarico, Pasquale; Reedy, Robert C.; Li, Jian-Yang] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Mittlefehldt, David W.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lawrence, David J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Beck, Andrew W.; McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [McSween, Harry Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Toplis, Michael J.; Forni, Olivier; Mizzon, Hugau] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hendricks, John S.] TechSource, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Le Corre, Lucille; Reddy, Vishnu] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Raymond, Carol A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM prettyman@psi.edu RI Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Forni, Olivier/0000-0001-6772-9689; Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831; Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology; NASA; NASA Dawn Participating Scientist Program; NASA Discovery Program Office FX We thank the Dawn team for spacecraft and instrument operations at Vesta. Portions of this work were performed by the Planetary Science Institute under contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology; by JPL under contract with NASA; and by the NASA Dawn Participating Scientist Program. D. Bazell and P. Peplowski of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory assisted in fast-neutron data analysis. The Dawn mission is led by the University of California, Los Angeles, and managed by JPL under the auspices of the NASA Discovery Program Office. The Dawn data are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. NR 36 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6104 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1126/science.1225354 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 019BQ UT WOS:000309712300042 PM 22997135 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Stein, RS Sevilgen, V Burgmann, R AF Pollitz, Fred F. Stein, Ross S. Sevilgen, Volkan Buergmann, Roland TI The 11 April 2012 east Indian Ocean earthquake triggered large aftershocks worldwide SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; SEISMICITY; SUMATRA; CALIFORNIA; LANDERS; ALASKA; WAVES; SLIP AB Large earthquakes trigger very small earthquakes globally during passage of the seismic waves and during the following several hours to days(1-10), but so far remote aftershocks of moment magnitude M >= 5.5 have not been identified(11), with the lone exception of an M = 6.9 quake remotely triggered by the surface waves from an M = 6.6 quake 4,800 kilometres away(12). The 2012 east Indian Ocean earthquake that had a moment magnitude of 8.6 is the largest strike-slip event ever recorded. Here we show that the rate of occurrence of remote M >= 5.5 earthquakes (>1,500 kilometres from the epicentre) increased nearly fivefold for six days after the 2012 event, and extended in magnitude to M <= 7. These global aftershocks were located along the four lobes of Love-wave radiation; all struck where the dynamic shear strain is calculated to exceed 10(-7) for at least 100 seconds during dynamic-wave passage. The other M >= 8.5 main-shocks during the past decade are thrusts; after these events, the global rate of occurrence of remote M >= 5.5 events increased by about one-third the rate following the 2012 shock and lasted for only two days, a weaker but possibly real increase. We suggest that the unprecedented delayed triggering power of the 2012 earthquake may have arisen because of its strike-slip source geometry or because the event struck at a time of an unusually low global earthquake rate, perhaps increasing the number of nucleation sites that were very close to failure. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sevilgen, Volkan] Seism Net, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 490 IS 7419 BP 250 EP + DI 10.1038/nature11504 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 019IY UT WOS:000309733300047 PM 23023131 ER PT J AU Feng, ZL Alfaro-Murillo, JA DeAngelis, DL Schmidt, J Barga, M Zheng, YQ Tamrin, MHBA Olson, M Glaser, T Kielland, K Chapin, FS Bryant, J AF Feng, Zhilan Alfaro-Murillo, Jorge A. DeAngelis, Donald L. Schmidt, Jennifer Barga, Matthew Zheng, Yiqiang Tamrin, Muhammad Hanis B. Ahmad Olson, Mark Glaser, Tim Kielland, Knut Chapin, F. Stuart, III Bryant, John TI Plant toxins and trophic cascades alter fire regime and succession on a boreal forest landscape SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Mathematical models; Spatially explicit simulations; Plant-herbivore-predator interactions; Toxin-determined functional response; Vegetation composition; Succession ID SPATIALLY EXPLICIT MODEL; TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; PINOSYLVIN METHYL-ETHER; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; SNOWSHOE HARES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; MOOSE HERBIVORY; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; BALSAM POPLAR AB Two models were integrated in order to study the effect of plant toxicity and a trophic cascade on forest succession and fire patterns across a boreal landscape in central Alaska. One of the models, ALFRESCO, is a cellular automata model that stochastically simulates transitions from spruce dominated 1 km(2) spatial cells to deciduous woody vegetation based on stochastic fires, and from deciduous woody vegetation to spruce based on age of the cell with some stochastic variation. The other model, the 'toxin-dependent functional response' model (TDFRM) simulates woody vegetation types with different levels of toxicity, an herbivore browser (moose) that can forage selectively on these types, and a carnivore (wolf) that preys on the herbivore. Here we replace the simple succession rules in each ALFRESCO cell by plant-herbivore-carnivore dynamics from TDFRM. The central hypothesis tested in the integrated model is that the herbivore, by feeding selectively on low-toxicity deciduous woody vegetation, speeds succession towards high-toxicity evergreens, like spruce. Wolves, by keeping moose populations down, can help slow the succession. Our results confirmed this hypothesis for the model calibrated to the Tanana floodplain of Alaska. We used the model to estimate the effects of different levels of wolf control. Simulations indicated that management reductions in wolf densities could reduce the mean time to transition from deciduous to spruce by more than 15 years, thereby increasing landscape flammability. The integrated model can be useful in estimating ecosystem impacts of wolf control and moose harvesting in central Alaska. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Feng, Zhilan; Alfaro-Murillo, Jorge A.; Zheng, Yiqiang; Tamrin, Muhammad Hanis B. Ahmad] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Schmidt, Jennifer; Olson, Mark; Glaser, Tim; Kielland, Knut; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Bryant, John] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Barga, Matthew] Purdue Univ, Sch Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU NSF [DMS-0920828, DMS-0920917]; USGS's Southeast Ecological Science Center FX The research is supported in part by the NSF grant DMS-0920828 to Feng and DeAngelis, and the NSF grant DMS-0920917 to Schmidt. DeAngelis was supported by the USGS's Southeast Ecological Science Center. We thank John Pastor and an anonymous reviewer for many helpful comments and suggestions. NR 104 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 244 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.022 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005DN UT WOS:000308730800009 ER PT J AU Costanza, JK Hulcr, J Koch, FH Earnhardt, T McKerrow, AJ Dunn, RR Collazo, JA AF Costanza, Jennifer K. Hulcr, Jiri Koch, Frank H. Earnhardt, Todd McKerrow, Alexa J. Dunn, Rob R. Collazo, Jaime A. TI Simulating the effects of the southern pine beetle on regional dynamics 60 years into the future SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Forest thinning; Southern pine beetle prevention; Southern pine beetle risk; State-and-transition simulation model; TELSA; VDDT ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LAND MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BARK BEETLES; OUTBREAKS; MODEL; INFESTATIONS; PROBABILITY AB We developed a spatially explicit model that simulated future southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis, SPB) dynamics and pine forest management for a real landscape over 60 years to inform regional forest management. The SPB has a considerable effect on forest dynamics in the Southeastern United States, especially in labially pine (Pinus taeda) stands that are managed for timber production. Regional outbreaks of SPB occur in bursts resulting in elimination of entire stands and major economic loss. These outbreaks are often interspersed with decades of inactivity, making long-term modeling of SPB dynamics challenging. Forest management techniques, including thinning, have proven effective and are often recommended as a way to prevent SPB attack, yet the robustness of current management practices to long-term SPB dynamics has not been examined. We used data from previously documented SPB infestations and forest inventory data to model four scenarios of SPB dynamics and pine forest management. We incorporated two levels of beetle pressure: a background low level, and a higher level in which SPB had the potential to spread among pine stands. For each level of beetle pressure, we modeled two scenarios of forest management: one assuming forests would be managed continuously via thinning, and one with a reduction in thinning. For our study area in Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, we found that beetle pressure and forest management both influenced the landscape effects of SPB. Under increased SPB pressure, even with continuous management, the area of pine forests affected across the region was six times greater than under baseline SPB levels. However, under high SPB pressure, continuous management decreased the area affected by nearly half compared with reduced management. By incorporating a range of forest and SPB dynamics over long time scales, our results extend previous modeling studies, and inform forest managers and policy-makers about the potential future effects of SPB. Our model can also be used to investigate the effects of additional scenarios on SPB dynamics, such as alternative management or climate change. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Costanza, Jennifer K.; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol,David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Koch, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hulcr, Jiri] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Costanza, JK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol,David Clark Labs, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jennifer_costanza@ncsu.edu RI Dunn, Robert/B-1360-2013; OI Costanza, Jennifer/0000-0002-3747-538X; Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU USGS FX This project was funded by the USGS's Gap Analysis Program and Southeast Regional Assessment Project. We thank W.D. Smith, U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, for assistance with the Forest Inventory and Analysis database. We thank L. Frid, ESSA Technologies Ltd., for help with TELSA software and simulations. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 244 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.037 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005DN UT WOS:000308730800010 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI This shrew is a jumping mouse (Mammalia, Dipodidae): Sorex dichrurus Rafinesque, 1833 is a synonym of Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann, 1780) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE americanus; canadensis; dichrurus; nomenclature; Rodentia; Soricidae; Soricomorpha; taxonomy AB Constantine S. Rafinesque described Sorex dichrurus as a shrew in 1833, based on a specimen he found in a proprietary museum near Niagara Falls on the New York/Ontario border. The name subsequently has been ignored by the scientific community. By describing this specimen as a shrew and ascribing it to the genus Sorex, Rafinesque clearly indicated that his species should be considered a member of the taxonomic family now recognized as the Soricidae (Mamma ha, Eulipotyphla). Yet, the description of the animal, and its comparison to "Gerbillus," clearly identify it as a dipodid rodent, specifically Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann, 1780); S. dichrurus should be treated as a junior subjective synonym of that taxon. Based on its type locality of Goat Island, New York, this name is also a junior synonym of the subspecies Z. hudsonius canadensis (Davies, 1798). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 125 IS 3 BP 308 EP 316 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 025HB UT WOS:000310178100008 ER PT J AU Harvey, JW Drummond, JD Martin, RL McPhillips, LE Packman, AI Jerolmack, DJ Stonedahl, SH Aubeneau, AF Sawyer, AH Larsen, LG Tobias, CR AF Harvey, J. W. Drummond, J. D. Martin, R. L. McPhillips, L. E. Packman, A. I. Jerolmack, D. J. Stonedahl, S. H. Aubeneau, A. F. Sawyer, A. H. Larsen, L. G. Tobias, C. R. TI Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: Stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; TRANSIENT STORAGE; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; BED FORMS; DEPOSITION; WATER AB Hyporheic flow in streams has typically been studied separately from geomorphic processes. We investigated interactions between bed mobility and dynamic hyporheic storage of solutes and fine particles in a sand-bed stream before, during, and after a flood. A conservatively transported solute tracer (bromide) and a fine particles tracer (5 mu m latex particles), a surrogate for fine particulate organic matter, were co-injected during base flow. The tracers were differentially stored, with fine particles penetrating more shallowly in hyporheic flow and retained more efficiently due to the high rate of particle filtration in bed sediment compared to solute. Tracer injections lasted 3.5 h after which we released a small flood from an upstream dam one hour later. Due to shallower storage in the bed, fine particles were rapidly entrained during the rising limb of the flood hydrograph. Rather than being flushed by the flood, we observed that solutes were stored longer due to expansion of hyporheic flow paths beneath the temporarily enlarged bedforms. Three important timescales determined the fate of solutes and fine particles: (1) flood duration, (2) relaxation time of flood-enlarged bedforms back to base flow dimensions, and (3) resulting adjustments and lag times of hyporheic flow. Recurrent transitions between these timescales explain why we observed a peak accumulation of natural particulate organic matter between 2 and 4 cm deep in the bed, i.e., below the scour layer of mobile bedforms but above the maximum depth of particle filtration in hyporheic flow paths. Thus, physical interactions between bed mobility and hyporheic transport influence how organic matter is stored in the bed and how long it is retained, which affects decomposition rate and metabolism of this southeastern Coastal Plain stream. In summary we found that dynamic interactions between hyporheic flow, bed mobility, and flow variation had strong but differential influences on base flow retention and flood mobilization of solutes and fine particulates. These hydrogeomorphic relationships have implications for microbial respiration of organic matter, carbon and nutrient cycling, and fate of contaminants in streams. C1 [Harvey, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Drummond, J. D.; Packman, A. I.; Stonedahl, S. H.; Aubeneau, A. F.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Martin, R. L.; Jerolmack, D. J.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sawyer, A. H.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Tobias, C. R.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. RP Harvey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jwharvey@usgs.gov RI McPhillips, Lauren/A-8605-2013; Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI McPhillips, Lauren/0000-0002-4990-7979; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Martin, Raleigh/0000-0002-7180-0975 FU NSF [EAR-0810140, EAR-0814990]; USGS HRD; NAWQA Programs FX This project was funded by NSF Grants EAR-0810140 and EAR-0814990 and the USGS HR&D and NAWQA Programs. We thank Eric Henry, Kim Duernberger, Matt Lettrich and Yvonne Marsan for assistance in the field and laboratory and we thank Trevor Langston for assistance with modeling. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 92 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G00N11 DI 10.1029/2012JG002043 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 020UB UT WOS:000309839000001 ER PT J AU Witter, RC Zhang, YL Wang, KL Goldfinger, C Priest, GR Allan, JC AF Witter, Robert C. Zhang, Yinglong Wang, Kelin Goldfinger, Chris Priest, George R. Allan, Jonathan C. TI Coseismic slip on the southern Cascadia megathrust implied by tsunami deposits in an Oregon lake and earthquake-triggered marine turbidites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; HOKKAIDO-NANSEI-OKI; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CAL KYR BP; SUBDUCTION ZONE; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; COASTAL OREGON; HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES; SURFACE DEFORMATION AB We test hypothetical tsunami scenarios against a 4,600-year record of sandy deposits in a southern Oregon coastal lake that offer minimum inundation limits for prehistoric Cascadia tsunamis. Tsunami simulations constrain coseismic slip estimates for the southern Cascadia megathrust and contrast with slip deficits implied by earthquake recurrence intervals from turbidite paleoseismology. We model the tsunamigenic seafloor deformation using a three-dimensional elastic dislocation model and test three Cascadia earthquake rupture scenarios: slip partitioned to a splay fault; slip distributed symmetrically on the megathrust; and slip skewed seaward. Numerical tsunami simulations use the hydrodynamic finite element model, SELFE, that solves nonlinear shallow-water wave equations on unstructured grids. Our simulations of the 1700 Cascadia tsunami require >12-13 m of peak slip on the southern Cascadia megathrust offshore southern Oregon. The simulations account for tidal and shoreline variability and must crest the similar to 6-m-high lake outlet to satisfy geological evidence of inundation. Accumulating this slip deficit requires >= 360-400 years at the plate convergence rate, exceeding the 330-year span of two earthquake cycles preceding 1700. Predecessors of the 1700 earthquake likely involved >8-9 m of coseismic slip accrued over >260 years. Simple slip budgets constrained by tsunami simulations allow an average of 5.2 m of slip per event for 11 additional earthquakes inferred from the southern Cascadia turbidite record. By comparison, slip deficits inferred from time intervals separating earthquake-triggered turbidites are poor predictors of coseismic slip because they meet geological constraints for only 4 out of 12 (similar to 33%) Cascadia tsunamis. C1 [Witter, Robert C.; Priest, George R.; Allan, Jonathan C.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR USA. [Zhang, Yinglong] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR USA. [Wang, Kelin] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Goldfinger, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Witter, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rwitter@usgs.gov FU NOAA's National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program [NA08NWS4670028]; National Science Foundation award [EAR-0842728, IGCP 588] FX A grant from NOAA's National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (grant NA08NWS4670028) provided partial funding for this project. Reviews by B. Atwater, J. N. Proust, A. Sladen, and R. Wells prompted expansion of the paper, refocused the discussion, and led to many improvements. Discussions with H. Kelsey, A. Nelson, and J. Witter helped clarify the ideas presented here. Author responsibilities: R. W., K. W., C. G. and G. P. developed the earthquake scenarios. K. W. modeled fault dislocation to simulate earthquake deformation. Y.Z. performed tsunami modeling. J. A. performed storm wave runup modeling. R. W. prepared the manuscript and illustrations. This research is a contribution toward National Science Foundation award EAR-0842728 and IGCP 588 coastal change. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B10303 DI 10.1029/2012JB009404 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 020PO UT WOS:000309825700002 ER PT J AU Stonedahl, SH Harvey, JW Detty, J Aubeneau, A Packman, AI AF Stonedahl, Susa H. Harvey, Judson W. Detty, Joel Aubeneau, Antoine Packman, Aaron I. TI Physical controls and predictability of stream hyporheic flow evaluated with a multiscale model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; RANDOM-WALKS; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ORGANIC-MATTER; MATLAB-TOOLBOX AB Improved predictions of hyporheic exchange based on easily measured physical variables are needed to improve assessment of solute transport and reaction processes in watersheds. Here we compare physically based model predictions for an Indiana stream with stream tracer results interpreted using the Transient Storage Model (TSM). We parameterized the physically based, Multiscale Model (MSM) of stream-groundwater interactions with measured stream planform and discharge, stream velocity, streambed hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and topography of the streambed at distinct spatial scales (i.e., ripple, bar, and reach scales). We predicted hyporheic exchange fluxes and hyporheic residence times using the MSM. A Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) model was used to convert the MSM output into predictions of in stream solute transport, which we compared with field observations and TSM parameters obtained by fitting solute transport data. MSM simulations indicated that surface-subsurface exchange through smaller topographic features such as ripples was much faster than exchange through larger topographic features such as bars. However, hyporheic exchange varies nonlinearly with groundwater discharge owing to interactions between flows induced at different topographic scales. MSM simulations showed that groundwater discharge significantly decreased both the volume of water entering the subsurface and the time it spent in the subsurface. The MSM also characterized longer timescales of exchange than were observed by the tracer-injection approach. The tracer data, and corresponding TSM fits, were limited by tracer measurement sensitivity and uncertainty in estimates of background tracer concentrations. Our results indicate that rates and patterns of hyporheic exchange are strongly influenced by a continuum of surface-subsurface hydrologic interactions over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales rather than discrete processes. C1 [Stonedahl, Susa H.; Aubeneau, Antoine; Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.; Detty, Joel] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Packman, AI (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd,Tech A314, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM a-packman@northwestern.edu RI Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [HS-0408744, HS-0810140]; U.S. Geological Survey's HR&D and NAWQA programs FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grants HS-0408744 and HS-0810140 and by the U.S. Geological Survey's HR&D and NAWQA programs. Computational resources were provided by Northwestern's Quest HPCC. We thank Lisa Marx, Boris Lau, and Stan Mroczkowski for assistance in field measurements and Forrest Stonedahl for python scripting which automated the MATLAB-Modflow interface. We thank Ken Bencala, Audrey Sawyer, Roy Haggerty, Mike Gooseff, and Bayani Cardenas for their insightful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 6 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W10513 DI 10.1029/2011WR011582 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 017RS UT WOS:000309609000002 ER PT J AU Barron, JM Jensen, NR Anders, PJ Egan, JP Ireland, SC Cain, KD AF Barron, James M. Jensen, Nathan R. Anders, Paul J. Egan, Joshua P. Ireland, Susan C. Cain, Kenneth D. TI Effects of temperature on the intensive culture performance of larval and juvenile North American burbot (Lota lota maculosa) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Lota lota; Burbot; Temperature; Cannibalism; Larval culture; Juvenile culture ID GROWTH; LAKE; FOOD; SURVIVAL; FISHES AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on growth and survival of larval and juvenile burbot, Lota lota maculosa. Burbot aquaculture is developing primarily in response to declining wild stocks and a need to restore such populations. Beyond conservation efforts, there is also potential to culture this species commercially. However, many important aspects of burbot culture remain unaddressed. In this study larval and juvenile burbot were reared at three constant water temperatures (10, 15, and 20 degrees C) in an intensive culture setting. Two 30 day trials were conducted during the larval life stage and one 60 day trial during the juvenile life stage. In Trial 1, larval burbot (mean total length +/- SD, 6.9 +/- 1.0 mm, approximately 65 days post hatch) reared at 20 degrees C grew the fastest, while growth was lowest in the 10 degrees C treatment. Survival was inversely related to temperature, with the lowest average of 6.6% observed in larvae reared at 20 degrees C. The percentage cannibalized was quantified and found to be positively correlated with water temperature, and reached 58.0% in larvae reared at 20 degrees C. In Trial 2, as larvae approached metamorphosis (12.9 +/- 1.9 mm, approximately 100 days post hatch), growth was also highest in fish at 20 degrees C and lowest in those at 10 degrees C. At this stage survival was higher in fish at lower temperatures, but the percentage cannibalized appeared independent of temperature, averaging over 50% in fish at all temperatures. In Trial 3, growth of juveniles (59.9 +/- 12.4 mm, approximately 205 days post hatch) reared at 15 and 20 degrees C was not significantly different, yet both displayed significantly increased growth relative to juveniles reared at 10 C. Juveniles were fully transitioned to a dry diet, and survival averaged >93% in all culture temperatures. The percentage cannibalized during this life stage averaged <5%, and was not affected by temperature. This study demonstrated the importance of water temperature, as it clearly affects culture performance of larval and juvenile burbot. Results from this study have implications for maximizing growth during larval and juvenile life stages of this species, and provide a comparative, empirical framework for establishing conservation, or commercial aquaculture programs for burbot. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barron, James M.; Jensen, Nathan R.; Anders, Paul J.; Egan, Joshua P.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Jensen, Nathan R.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Jensen, Nathan R.; Anders, Paul J.; Egan, Joshua P.] Cramer Fish Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Ireland, Susan C.] Kootenai Tribe Idaho, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805 USA. [Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Tasmania, Natl Ctr Marine Conservat & Resource Sustainabil, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Barron, James M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kcain@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [14330-7-H067]; Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; Bonneville Power Administration [198806400, 37267] FX This project was funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Grant # 14330-7-H067) with special thanks to Ray Jones for program funding and coordination. This project was also supported by the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Bonneville Power Administration (Project Number 198806400; Contract Number 37267). We extend our gratitude to the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Cramer Fish Sciences, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Aquaculture Research Institute at the University of Idaho (UI-ARI). Without these collaborators this work would not have been possible. We thank the UI-ARI staff who assisted during this study, especially Chris Thornton, and Will Langford. We are most grateful to the three anonymous reviewers whose advice greatly assisted in the progression of this manuscript. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 364 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.037 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LD UT WOS:000310571300011 ER PT J AU Chang, JC Lockner, DA Reches, Z AF Chang, J. C. Lockner, D. A. Reches, Z. TI Rapid Acceleration Leads to Rapid Weakening in Earthquake-Like Laboratory Experiments SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUPTURE; SLIP; GOUGE; LUBRICATION; FRACTURE; POWDER; ZONE AB After nucleation, a large earthquake propagates as an expanding rupture front along a fault. This front activates countless fault patches that slip by consuming energy stored in Earth's crust. We simulated the slip of a fault patch by rapidly loading an experimental fault with energy stored in a spinning flywheel. The spontaneous evolution of strength, acceleration, and velocity indicates that our experiments are proxies of fault-patch behavior during earthquakes of moment magnitude (M-w) = 4 to 8. We show that seismically determined earthquake parameters (e.g., displacement, velocity, magnitude, or fracture energy) can be used to estimate the intensity of the energy release during an earthquake. Our experiments further indicate that high acceleration imposed by the earthquake's rupture front quickens dynamic weakening by intense wear of the fault zone. C1 [Chang, J. C.; Reches, Z.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lockner, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94022 USA. RP Reches, Z (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM reches@ou.edu FU NSF [0732715, 1045414, NEHRP2011, G11AP20008] FX We thank J. Young, J. Fineberg, and E. Aharonov, and T. Shimamoto and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews. This work was supported by NSF Geosciences awards 0732715 and 1045414 and NEHRP2011 award G11AP20008. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6103 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1126/science.1221195 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 015PC UT WOS:000309457400062 PM 23042892 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Becker, NC Walsh, D Fryer, GJ Weinstein, SA McCreery, CS Sardina, V Hsu, V Hirshorn, BF Hayes, GP Duputel, Z Rivera, L Kanamori, H Koyanagi, KK Shiro, B AF Wang, Dailin Becker, Nathan C. Walsh, David Fryer, Gerard J. Weinstein, Stuart A. McCreery, Charles S. Sardina, Victor Hsu, Vindell Hirshorn, Barry F. Hayes, Gavin P. Duputel, Zacharie Rivera, Luis Kanamori, Hiroo Koyanagi, Kanoa K. Shiro, Brian TI Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOURCE INVERSION; EARTHQUAKES; AREA AB The April 11, 2012, magnitude 8.6 earthquake off the northern coast of Sumatra generated a tsunami that was recorded at sea-level stations as far as 4800 km from the epi-center and at four ocean bottom pressure sensors (DARTs) in the Indian Ocean. The governments of India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Maldives issued tsunami warnings for their coastlines. The United States' Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued an Indian Ocean-wide Tsunami Watch Bulletin in its role as an Interim Service Provider for the region. Using an experimental real-time tsunami forecast model (RIFT), PTWC produced a series of tsunami forecasts during the event that were based on rapidly derived earthquake parameters, including initial location and Mwp magnitude estimates and the W-phase centroid moment tensor solutions (W-phase CMTs) obtained at PTWC and at the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). We discuss the real-time forecast methodology and how successive, real-time tsunami forecasts using the latest W-phase CMT solutions improved the accuracy of the forecast. Citation: Wang, D., et al. (2012), Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19601, doi:10.1029/2012GL053081. C1 [Wang, Dailin; Becker, Nathan C.; Walsh, David; Fryer, Gerard J.; Weinstein, Stuart A.; McCreery, Charles S.; Sardina, Victor; Hsu, Vindell; Hirshorn, Barry F.; Koyanagi, Kanoa K.; Shiro, Brian] NOAA, NWS, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Duputel, Zacharie; Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rivera, Luis] UdS EOST, CNRS, UMR 7516, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. RP Wang, DL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, 91-270 Ft Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM dailin.wang@noaa.gov RI Duputel, Zacharie/C-2906-2016 OI Duputel, Zacharie/0000-0002-8809-451X NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19601 DI 10.1029/2012GL053081 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 017QN UT WOS:000309605600003 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Koriabine, M Hartmann-Fritsch, F de Jong, PJ Lewis, TD Schetle, N Work, TM Dagenais, J Balazs, GH Leong, JAC AF Ackermann, Mathias Koriabine, Maxim Hartmann-Fritsch, Fabienne de Jong, Pieter J. Lewis, Teresa D. Schetle, Nelli Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Balazs, George H. Leong, Jo-Ann C. TI The Genome of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 Harbors Atypical Genes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; MARINE TURTLE HERPESVIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; GREEN TURTLES; BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1; CELL-SURFACE; IN-VITRO; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; MYDAS AB The Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV; ChHV5) is believed to be the causative agent of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease of marine turtles. While clinical signs and pathology of FP are well known, research on ChHV5 has been impeded because no cell culture system for its propagation exists. We have cloned a BAC containing ChHV5 in pTARBAC2.1 and determined its nucleotide sequence. Accordingly, ChHV5 has a type D genome and its predominant gene order is typical for the varicellovirus genus within the alphaherpesvirinae. However, at least four genes that are atypical for an alphaherpesvirus genome were also detected, i.e. two members of the C-type lectin-like domain superfamily (F-lec1, F-lec2), an orthologue to the mouse cytomegalovirus M04 (F-M04) and a viral sialyltransferase (F-sial). Four lines of evidence suggest that these atypical genes are truly part of the ChHV5 genome: (1) the pTARBAC insertion interrupted the UL52 ORF, leaving parts of the gene to either side of the insertion and suggesting that an intact molecule had been cloned. (2) Using FP-associated UL52 (F-UL52) as an anchor and the BAC-derived sequences as a means to generate primers, overlapping PCR was performed with tumor-derived DNA as template, which confirmed the presence of the same stretch of "atypical" DNA in independent FP cases. (3) Pyrosequencing of DNA from independent tumors did not reveal previously undetected viral sequences, suggesting that no apparent loss of viral sequence had happened due to the cloning strategy. (4) The simultaneous presence of previously known ChHV5 sequences and F-sial as well as F-M04 sequences was also confirmed in geographically distinct Australian cases of FP. Finally, transcripts of F-sial and F-M04 but not transcripts of lytic viral genes were detected in tumors from Hawaiian FP-cases. Therefore, we suggest that F-sial and F-M04 may play a role in FP pathogenesis. C1 [Ackermann, Mathias; Hartmann-Fritsch, Fabienne; Schetle, Nelli] Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Koriabine, Maxim; de Jong, Pieter J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, BACPAC Resources Ctr, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. [Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Lewis, Teresa D.; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM email@vetvir.uzh.ch RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology; NSF EPSCoR; NOAA [2005-008/682]; Pfizer; UZH Stiftung fur wissenschaftliche Forschung FX The authors acknowledge support provided by the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Core Sequencing Facility, which is funded by the NSF EPSCoR program, Investing in Multidisciplinary University Activities, and the support provided by NOAA funds to the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology-Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve Partnership, MOA #2005-008/682. Financial support for MA's work was based on MA's Pfizer Award 2000, a grant to MA from the UZH Stiftung fur wissenschaftliche Forschung (http://www.researchers.uzh.ch/support/stwf.html), and a donation to MA from Martha Ackermann Kaiser. This paper is listed as HIMB contribution #1293. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e46623 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046623 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 015NG UT WOS:000309452600046 PM 23056373 ER PT J AU White, HK Hsing, PY Cho, W Shank, TM Cordes, EE Quattrini, AM Nelson, RK Camilli, R Demopoulos, AWJ German, CR Brooks, JM Roberts, HH Shedd, W Reddy, CM Fisher, CR AF White, Helen K. Hsing, Pen-Yuan Cho, Walter Shank, Timothy M. Cordes, Erik E. Quattrini, Andrea M. Nelson, Robert K. Camilli, Richard Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. German, Christopher R. Brooks, James M. Roberts, Harry H. Shedd, William Reddy, Christopher M. Fisher, Charles R. TI Reply to Boehm and Carragher: Multiple lines of evidence link deep-water coral damage to Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [White, Helen K.] Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Hsing, Pen-Yuan; Fisher, Charles R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cho, Walter; Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nelson, Robert K.; Reddy, Christopher M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [German, Christopher R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cordes, Erik E.; Quattrini, Andrea M.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Brooks, James M.] TDI Brooks Int Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Roberts, Harry H.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Shedd, William] US Dept Interior, Bureau Ocean & Energy Management, New Orleans, LA 70115 USA. RP White, HK (reprint author), Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. EM hwhite@alum.mit.edu RI Fisher, Charles/H-7912-2012; White, Helen/B-2487-2009 OI Hsing, Pen-Yuan/0000-0002-5394-879X; White, Helen/0000-0002-9428-992X NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 43 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 40 BP E2648 EP E2648 DI 10.1073/pnas.1210413109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 017SN UT WOS:000309611400004 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS Wu, ZT AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Wu, Zhuoting TI An Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) for Tajikistan by Combining Landsat, MODIS, and Secondary Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE automated cropland classification algorithm (ACCA); truth or reference cropland layer (TCL); ACCA generated cropland layer (ACL); mega file data cube (MFDC); croplands; remote sensing; MODIS; Landsat; classification accuracy; Tajikistan ID AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; USE/LAND-COVER LULC; TIME-SERIES; IRRIGATED AREA; NDVI DATA; MULTITEMPORAL MODIS; TRAINING DATA; BASIN; RESOLUTION AB The overarching goal of this research was to develop and demonstrate an automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) that will rapidly, routinely, and accurately classify agricultural cropland extent, areas, and characteristics (e.g., irrigated vs. rainfed) over large areas such as a country or a region through combination of multi-sensor remote sensing and secondary data. In this research, a rule-based ACCA was conceptualized, developed, and demonstrated for the country of Tajikistan using mega file data cubes (MFDCs) involving data from Landsat Global Land Survey (GLS), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 30 m, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m time-series, a suite of secondary data (e.g., elevation, slope, precipitation, temperature), and in situ data. First, the process involved producing an accurate reference (or truth) cropland layer (TCL), consisting of cropland extent, areas, and irrigated vs. rainfed cropland areas, for the entire country of Tajikistan based on MFDC of year 2005 (MFDC2005). The methods involved in producing TCL included using ISOCLASS clustering, Tasseled Cap bi-spectral plots, spectro-temporal characteristics from MODIS 250 m monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composites (MVC) time-series, and textural characteristics of higher resolution imagery. The TCL statistics accurately matched with the national statistics of Tajikistan for irrigated and rainfed croplands, where about 70% of croplands were irrigated and the rest rainfed. Second, a rule-based ACCA was developed to replicate the TCL accurately (similar to 80% producer's and user's accuracies or within 20% quantity disagreement involving about 10 million Landsat 30 m sized cropland pixels of Tajikistan). Development of ACCA was an iterative process involving series of rules that are coded, refined, tweaked, and re-coded till ACCA derived croplands (ACLs) match accurately with TCLs. Third, the ACCA derived cropland layers of Tajikistan were produced for year 2005 (ACL2005), same year as the year used for developing ACCA, using MFDC2005. Fourth, TCL for year 2010 (TCL2010), an independent year, was produced using MFDC2010 using the same methods and approaches as the one used to produce TCL2005. Fifth, the ACCA was applied on MFDC2010 to derive ACL2010. The ACLs were then compared with TCLs (ACL2005 vs. TCL2005 and ACL2010 vs. TCL2010). The resulting accuracies and errors from error matrices involving about 152 million Landsat (30 m) pixels of the country of Tajikistan (of which about 10 million Landsat size, 30 m, cropland pixels) showed an overall accuracy of 99.6% (k(hat) = 0.97) for ACL2005 vs. TCL2005. For the 3 classes (irrigated, rainfed, and others) mapped in ACL2005, the producer's accuracy was >86.4% and users accuracy was >93.6%. For ACL2010 vs. TCL2010, the error matrix showed an overall accuracy on 96.2% (k(hat) = 0.96). For the 3 classes (irrigated, rainfed, and others) mapped in ACL2010, the producer's and user's accuracies for the irrigated areas were >= 82.9%. Any intermixing was overwhelmingly between irrigated and rainfed croplands, indicating that croplands (irrigated plus rainfed areas) as well as irrigated areas were mapped with high levels of accuracies (similar to 90% or higher) even for the independent year. The ACL2005 and ACL2010, each, were produced using ACCA algorithm in. similar to 30 min using a Dell Precision desktop T7400 computer for the entire country of Tajikistan once the MFDCs for the years were ready. The ACCA algorithm for Tajikistan is made available through US Geological Survey's ScienceBase: http://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/folder/4f79f1b7e4b0009bd827f548 or at: https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/content/models-algorithms. The research contributes to the efforts of global food security through research on global croplands and their water use (e.g., https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/). The above results clearly demonstrated the ability of a rule-based ACCA to rapidly and accurately produce cropland data layer year after year (hindcast, nowcast, forecast) for the country it was developed using MFDCs that consist of combining multiple sensor data and secondary data. It needs to be noted that the ACCA is applicable to the area (e.g., country, region) for which it is developed. In this case, ACCA is applicable for the Country of Tajikistan to hindcast, nowcast, and forecast agricultural cropland extent, areas, and irrigated vs. rainfed. The same fundamental concept of ACCA applies to other areas of the World where ACCA codes need to be modified to suite the area/region of interest. ACCA can also be expanded to compute other crop characteristics such as crop types, cropping intensities, and phenologies. C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Wu, Zhuoting] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wu, Zhuoting] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov; zw27@nau.edu FU US Geological Survey's (USGS); WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) project; Famine Early Warning Network (FEWSNET) project; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); Land Remote Sensing (LRS) FX This work is supported by the US Geological Survey's (USGS) WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) project and Famine Early Warning Network (FEWSNET) project. Further, there was continued financial support for this research from the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) programs which come under the USGS Core Science System of Climate and Land Use Change. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to James Verdin and James Rowland of USGS. Authors are grateful for continued support and encouragement from Susan Benjamin, Director of the USGS Western Geographic Science Center and Edwin Pfeifer, USGS Southwest Geographic Team Chief. Finally, authors would also like to thank USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for funding the Working group on Global Croplands (WGGC). Our special thanks to Powell Center Directors: Jill Baron and Marty Goldhaber. Inputs from WGGC team members (http://powellcenter.usgs.gov/current_projects.php#GlobalCroplandMembers ) are acknowledged. The WGGC web site (https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/) support provided by Megan Eberhardt Frank, Gail A. Montgomery, Tim Kern and others is deeply appreciated. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 51 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 10 BP 2890 EP 2918 DI 10.3390/rs4102890 PG 29 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 075VC UT WOS:000313914100001 ER PT J AU Walton-Day, K Runkel, RL Kimball, BA AF Walton-Day, Katherine Runkel, Robert L. Kimball, Briant A. TI USING SPATIALLY DETAILED WATER-QUALITY DATA AND SOLUTE-TRANSPORT MODELING TO SUPPORT TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE total maximum daily loading (TMDL); transport and fate; watershed management; watersheds; simulation; metals; nonpoint source pollution ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; DISSOLVED ZINC; INACTIVE MINES; HYPORHEIC ZONE; TMDL; UNCERTAINTY; CATCHMENT; COLORADO; ALTERNATIVES AB Spatially detailed mass-loading studies and solute-transport modeling using OTIS (One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage) demonstrate how natural attenuation and loading from distinct and diffuse sources control stream water quality and affect load reductions predicted in total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Mass-loading data collected during low-flow from Cement Creek (a low-pH, metal-rich stream because of natural and mining sources, and subject to TMDL requirements) were used to calibrate OTIS and showed spatially variable effects of natural attenuation (instream reactions) and loading from diffuse (groundwater) and distinct sources. OTIS simulations of the possible effects of TMDL-recommended remediation of mine sites showed less improvement to dissolved zinc load and concentration (14% decrease) than did the TMDL (53-63% decrease). The TMDL (1) assumed conservative transport, (2) accounted for loads removed by remediation by subtracting them from total load at the stream mouth, and (3) did not include diffuse-source loads. In OTIS, loads were reduced near their source; the resulting concentration was decreased by natural attenuation and increased by diffuse-source loads during downstream transport. Thus, by not including natural attenuation and loading from diffuse sources, the TMDL overestimated remediation effects at low flow. Use of the techniques presented herein could improve TMDLs by incorporating these processes during TMDL development. C1 [Walton-Day, Katherine; Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. RP Walton-Day, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kwaltond@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The authors would like to thank all the people involved in the 1996 and 1999 Cement Creek sampling events. Cooperation from the Animas River Stakeholders Group and particularly from Bill Simon and Peter Butler was greatly appreciated. Larry Perino from Sunnyside Gold assisted in answering many questions about water treatment history. Helpful comments from Ken Bencala, Bill Simon, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 5 BP 949 EP 969 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00662.x PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 067AN UT WOS:000313264000007 ER PT J AU Stone, WW Gilliom, RJ AF Stone, Wesley W. Gilliom, Robert J. TI WATERSHED REGRESSIONS FOR PESTICIDES (WARP) MODELS FOR PREDICTING ATRAZINE CONCENTRATIONS IN CORN BELT STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pesticides; atrazine; modeling; nonpoint source pollution; water quality; regression analysis ID HERBICIDE TRANSPORT AB Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models, previously developed for atrazine at the national scale, are improved for application to the United States (U.S.) Corn Belt region by developing region-specific models that include watershed characteristics that are influential in predicting atrazine concentration statistics within the Corn Belt. WARP models for the Corn Belt (WARP-CB) were developed for annual maximum moving-average (14-, 21-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day durations) and annual 95th-percentile atrazine concentrations in streams of the Corn Belt region. The WARP-CB models accounted for 53 to 62% of the variability in the various concentration statistics among the model-development sites. Model predictions were within a factor of 5 of the observed concentration statistic for over 90% of the model-development sites. The WARP-CB residuals and uncertainty are lower than those of the National WARP model for the same sites. Although atrazine-use intensity is the most important explanatory variable in the National WARP models, it is not a significant variable in the WARP-CB models. The WARP-CB models provide improved predictions for Corn Belt streams draining watersheds with atrazine-use intensities of 17 kg/km(2) of watershed area or greater. C1 [Stone, Wesley W.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Stone, WW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM wwstone@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey NAWQA Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey NAWQA Program. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and Waterborne Environmental, Inc., provided watershed boundaries used in development of the explanatory variable data for the AEEMP and AMP sites. The authors thank Naomi Nakagaki, Jeffrey Martin, Gail Thelin, Michael Wieczorek, and David Wolock of the USGS for their assistance in preparing the data for the analysis. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 5 BP 970 EP 986 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00661.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 067AN UT WOS:000313264000008 ER PT J AU Kenney, TA Buto, SG AF Kenney, Terry A. Buto, Susan G. TI EVALUATION OF THE TEMPORAL TRANSFERABILITY OF A MODEL DESCRIBING DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN STREAMS OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dissolved solids; irrigation; salinity; SPARROW; surface water hydrology; transport; Upper Colorado River Basin AB The application of a nonlinear least-squares regression model describing the sources and transport of dissolved solids in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin, and that was calibrated using data from water year 1991, was evaluated for use in predicting annual dissolved-solids loads for the years 1974 through 1998. Simulations for each water year were run using annual climate data. To evaluate how well the model captures the observed annual variability across the basin, differences in predicted annual dissolved-solids loads for each simulated year and 1991 were compared with differences in monitored annual loads. The temporal trend of the differences between predicted annual loads for the simulated years and the load for 1991 generally followed the trend of the monitored loads. The model appears to underpredict the largest annual loads and overpredict some of the smaller annual loads. An underprediction bias for wetter years was evident in the residuals as was an overprediction bias, to a lesser degree, for drier years. A regression analysis on the residuals suggests that the underprediction bias is associated with precipitation differences from 1991 and with previously defined downward trends in dissolved-solids concentrations in the basin. In general, given the representative climatic conditions, the model adequately performs throughout the period examined. However, the model is most transferable to years with climatic conditions similar to 1991. C1 [Kenney, Terry A.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Buto, Susan G.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Kenney, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM tkenney@usgs.gov FU U.S Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation; Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding and support provided by the U.S Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, and the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1053 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00667.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 067AN UT WOS:000313264000014 ER PT J AU Rocha, AV Loranty, MM Higuera, PE Mack, MC Hu, FS Jones, BM Breen, AL Rastetter, EB Goetz, SJ Shaver, GR AF Rocha, Adrian V. Loranty, Michael M. Higuera, Phil E. Mack, Michelle C. Hu, Feng Sheng Jones, Benjamin M. Breen, Amy L. Rastetter, Edward B. Goetz, Scott J. Shaver, Gus R. TI The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tundra; fire; radiative forcing; albedo; EVI; climate change ID ARCTIC TUNDRA; BURN SEVERITY; VEGETATION; PRODUCTS; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE; REGIMES; MODIS; USA AB Recent large and frequent fires above the Alaskan arctic circle have forced a reassessment of the ecological and climatological importance of fire in arctic tundra ecosystems. Here we provide a general overview of the occurrence, distribution, and ecological and climate implications of Alaskan tundra fires over the past half-century using spatially explicit climate, fire, vegetation and remote sensing datasets for Alaska. Our analyses highlight the importance of vegetation biomass and environmental conditions in regulating tundra burning, and demonstrate that most tundra ecosystems are susceptible to burn, providing the environmental conditions are right. Over the past two decades, fire perimeters above the arctic circle have increased in size and importance, especially on the North Slope, indicating that future wildfire projections should account for fire regime changes in these regions. Remote sensing data and a literature review of thaw depths indicate that tundra fires have both positive and negative implications for climatic feedbacks including a decadal increase in albedo radiative forcing immediately after a fire, a stimulation of surface greenness and a persistent long-term (>10 year) increase in thaw depth. In order to address the future impact of tundra fires on climate, a better understanding of the control of tundra fire occurrence as well as the long-term impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling will be required. C1 [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Higuera, Phil E.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mack, Michelle C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Breen, Amy L.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Rastetter, Edward B.; Shaver, Gus R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. RP Rocha, AV (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM arocha1@nd.edu RI Higuera, Philip/B-1330-2010; Rocha, Adrian/B-6504-2013; Loranty, Michael/A-1518-2009; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Higuera, Philip/0000-0001-5396-9956; Loranty, Michael/0000-0001-8851-7386; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431 FU NSF [1065587] FX We thank Yueyang Jiang and three anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grants #1065587 to the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 75 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR 044039 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059IA UT WOS:000312696400043 ER PT J AU Wargo, AR Kurath, G AF Wargo, Andrew R. Kurath, Gael TI Viral fitness: definitions, measurement, and current insights SO CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; IN-VIVO FITNESS; COMPETITIVE FITNESS; REPLICATION FITNESS; TRADE-OFFS; RNA VIRUS; SUBTYPE C; HOST; MUTATIONS; VIRULENCE AB Viral fitness is an active area of research, with recent work involving an expanded number of human, non-human vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, and bacterial viruses. Many publications deal with RNA viruses associated with major disease emergence events, such as HIV-1, influenza virus, and Dengue virus. Study topics include drug resistance, immune escape, viral emergence, host jumps, mutation effects, quasispecies diversity, and mathematical models of viral fitness. Important recent trends include increasing use of in vivo systems to assess vertebrate virus fitness, and a broadening of research beyond replicative fitness to also investigate transmission fitness and epidemiologic fitness. This is essential for a more integrated understanding of overall viral fitness, with implications for disease management in the future. C1 [Wargo, Andrew R.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wargo, Andrew R.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gkurath@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Western Fisheries Research Center; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases [0812603] FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center and by National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases grant 0812603. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1879-6257 J9 CURR OPIN VIROL JI Curr. Opin. Virol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 2 IS 5 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 052VX UT WOS:000312228400005 PM 22986085 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, JT Langeland, KA AF Hutchinson, Jeffrey T. Langeland, Kenneth A. TI Repeated Herbicide Application for Control of Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum) and the Effects on Nontarget Vegetation on Everglade Tree Islands SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Everglade tree islands; Florida; herbicide applications; invasive species; nontarget damage ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; METSULFURON METHYL; INVASION; BRACKEN; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; ASULAM AB The effects of annual, aerial and ground, herbicide treatments with glyphosate and metsulfuron were evaluated for control of Old World climbing fern (OWCF) and effects on native plants on tree islands in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge during 2006 to 2009. Initial aerial herbicide treatments reduced OWCF cover by greater than 98% on metsulfuron-treated islands and greater than 88% on glyphosate-treated islands, but there was a concomitant decrease in native ground cover with both herbicides. Follow-up ground treatments, during years two and three of the study, were effective at maintaining low levels of OWCF. OWCF cover at the end of the study was 1 to 2% of pretreatment cover on metsulfuron-treated islands and 8 to 10% on glyphosate-treated islands. At the end of the study (3 yr after treatment), species richness was dominated by ruderal native species not typically found on tree islands. The survival rate of tree and shrubs was 65 to 93% on islands treated with metsulfuron and 6 to 20% on islands treated with glyphosate. Minimum effects were recorded for canopy cover on tree islands treated with metsulfuron compared with glyphosate. These data indicate that the aerial application of metsulfuron can be used for control of OWCF on tree islands. Follow-up ground treatments will be required for OWCF regrowth and new sporelings and should be conducted within 1 yr of the aerial application. C1 [Hutchinson, Jeffrey T.; Langeland, Kenneth A.] Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Hutchinson, JT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM jeffrey_hutchinson@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing funding for this project. The entire staff at A.R.M. Loxahatchee NWR was extremely helpful in multiple ways over the 4 yr of the project. Gayle Martin and Mark Barrett with the USFWS assisted with data collection throughout the study and their assistance was greatly appreciated. Kevin Maier, George Pelt, and Don Napier were very helpful with the initial setup of plots on tree islands. Pedro Mendez of the University of Florida assisted with field work during the last year of the study. We thank William Haller, Doria Gordon, Robert Stamps, and Greg MacDonald for providing critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00015.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053OS UT WOS:000312282900010 ER PT J AU Jordan, NR Aldrich-Wolfe, L Huerd, SC Larson, DL Muehlbauer, G AF Jordan, Nicholas R. Aldrich-Wolfe, Laura Huerd, Sheri C. Larson, Diane L. Muehlbauer, Gary TI Soil-Occupancy Effects of Invasive and Native Grassland Plant Species on Composition and Diversity of Mycorrhizal Associations SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; crested wheatgrass; invasion ecology; invasive plants; leafy spurge; plant-soil feedback; smooth brome; soil legacy ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; EXOTIC GRASSES; ECOLOGY; ALTER; SYSTEMS; ROOTS; ESTABLISHMENT; COLONIZATION; RESTORATION AB Diversified grasslands that contain native plant species can produce biofuels, support sustainable grazing systems, and produce other ecosystem services. However, ecosystem service production can be disrupted by invasion of exotic perennial plants, and these plants can have soil-microbial "legacies" that may interfere with establishment and maintenance of diversified grasslands even after effective management of the invasive species. The nature of such legacies is not well understood, but may involve suppression of mutualisms between native species and soil microbes. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that legacy effects of invasive species change colonization rates, diversity, and composition of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMP) associated with seedlings of co-occurring invasive and native grassland species. In a glasshouse, experimental soils were conditioned by cultivating three invasive grassland perennials, three native grassland perennials, and a native perennial mixture. Each was grown separately through three cycles of growth, after which we used T-RFLP analysis to characterize AMP associations of seedlings of six native perennial and six invasive perennial species grown in these soils. Legacy effects of soil conditioning by invasive species did not affect AMF richness in seedling roots, but did affect AMF colonization rates and the taxonomic composition of mycorrhizal associations in seedling roots. Moreover, native species were more heavily colonized by AMP and roots of native species had greater AMP richness (number of AMF operational taxonomic units per seedling) than did invasive species. The invasive species used to condition soil in this experiment have been shown to have legacy effects on biomass of native seedlings, reducing their growth in this and a previous similar experiment. Therefore, our results suggest that successful plant invaders can have legacies that affect soil-microbial associations of native plants and that these effects can inhibit growth of native plant species in invaded communities. C1 [Jordan, Nicholas R.; Huerd, Sheri C.; Muehlbauer, Gary] Univ Minnesota, Agron & Plant Genet Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Aldrich-Wolfe, Laura] Concordia Coll, Dept Biol, Moorhead, MN 56562 USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jordan, NR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Agron & Plant Genet Dept, 1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jorda020@umn.edu OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU Minnesota Agricultural Experiment station; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX We thank D. Garvin and S. Heinen for troubleshooting and technical support of the molecular portion of this research. We thank our field and laboratory assistants, D. Buhl and W. Newton for statistical advice, several colleagues for manuscript review, and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment station, U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program and Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center for their support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 142 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 494 EP 505 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00014.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053OS UT WOS:000312282900012 ER PT J AU Downing, BD Pellerin, BA Bergamaschi, BA Saraceno, JF Kraus, TEC AF Downing, Bryan D. Pellerin, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Saraceno, John Franco Kraus, Tamara E. C. TI Seeing the light: The effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER FLUORESCENCE; OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; COASTAL WATERS; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; CARBON; ATTENUATION; ABSORBENCY; SENSORS; SYSTEMS AB Field-deployable sensors designed to continuously measure the fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in situ are of growing interest. However, the ability to make FDOM measurements that are comparable across sites and over time requires a clear understanding of how instrument characteristics and environmental conditions affect the measurements. In particular, the effects of water temperature and light attenuation by both colored dissolved material and suspended particles may be significant in settings such as rivers and streams. Using natural standard reference materials, we characterized the performance of four commercially-available FDOM sensors under controlled laboratory conditions over ranges of temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, and turbidity that spanned typical environmental ranges. We also examined field data from several major rivers to assess how often attenuation artifacts or temperature effects might be important. We found that raw (uncorrected) FDOM values were strongly affected by the light attenuation that results from dissolved substances and suspended particles as well as by water temperature. Observed effects of light attenuation and temperature agreed well with theory. Our results show that correction of measured FDOM values to account for these effects is necessary and feasible over much of the range of temperature, DOM concentration, and turbidity commonly encountered in surface waters. In most cases, collecting high-quality FDOM measurements that are comparable through time and between sites will require concurrent measurements of temperature and turbidity, and periodic discrete sample collection for laboratory measurement of DOM. C1 [Downing, Bryan D.; Pellerin, Brian A.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.; Saraceno, John Franco; Kraus, Tamara E. C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Downing, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bdowning@usgs.gov OI Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU USGS Climate Effects Network FX We thank Angela Hansen, Orlando Schuler, Travis Von Dessonneck, Paul Stumpner, Jon Morrison, and Joe Martin of the U.S. Geological Survey for laboratory and field support. Funding for this study was provided by the USGS Climate Effects Network. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 10 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.4319/lom.2012.10.767 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 050PA UT WOS:000312065000004 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Talley, BL Lips, KR Grant, EH AF Miller, David A. W. Talley, Brooke L. Lips, Karen R. Campbell Grant, Evan H. TI Estimating patterns and drivers of infection prevalence and intensity when detection is imperfect and sampling error occurs SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; chytridiomycosis; detection; disease; occupancy; prevalence; sensitivity; specificity ID SITE OCCUPANCY MODELS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; DISEASE PREVALENCE; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; CHYTRID FUNGUS; AMPHIBIANS; DYNAMICS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY AB 1. Epidemiological studies are crucial for understanding the distribution and dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. To accurately assess infection states in wild populations, researchers need to account for observational uncertainty. We focus on two sources of uncertainty when estimating epidemiological parameters: nondetection of infection in sampled individuals and sampling error when quantifying infection intensity for infected individuals. 2. We developed new analytical methods to simultaneously estimate prevalence and the distribution of infection intensities based on repeated sampling of individuals in the wild. The methods are an extension of those used for occupancy estimation and address both sources of observation error. At the same time, we account for heterogeneity in detection probability that results from individual variation in infection intensity. 3. We use two estimation approaches to account for detection. The first is to use the complete likelihood in a hierarchical Bayesian model and fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The second is to estimate the detection relationship using a markrecapture abundance estimator and use those results to calculate weighted estimates for prevalence and mean infection intensities. 4. We use data from a field survey of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Illinois amphibians to test these methods. We show that detection probability using quantitative PCR is strongly related to infection intensity, measured in zoospore equivalents. Sites in the study varied greatly in estimated prevalence and to a lesser extent in mean infection intensities of infected individuals. We did not find evidence of a relationship of snout-vent-length to infection intensity or prevalence. Naive estimates of prevalence that do not account for detection were less than estimates for either of our methods, which yielded similar prevalence values for most sites. 5. Uncertainty when assessing disease state is a characteristic of most diagnostic tests. The estimators presented here account for this uncertainty and thus can improve accuracy when assessing the relationship of ecological factors to prevalence and infection intensity. C1 [Miller, David A. W.; Campbell Grant, Evan H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Talley, Brooke L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lips, Karen R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM davidmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Lips, Karen/0000-0002-2719-1551 FU Illinois Department of Resources State Wildlife [T-56 R-1]; NSF [DEB 0917653] FX Field and laboratory work were supported by the Illinois Department of Resources State Wildlife Grant (#T-56 R-1) to K.R.L. K.R.L. was supported by NSF (DEB 0917653). Thanks to Jody Shimp and Scott Ballard at IDNR for support throughout this process and numerous IDNR and USFWS land managers for site access. We thank Vance Vredenburg (SFSU) and Ed Heist (SIUC) for access to genetics laboratories and equipment, and Jake Kerby (USD) for additional insight into reliable genetics methodology for Bd testing. This is contribution 404 of the US Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 850 EP 859 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00216.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018PY UT WOS:000309675100011 ER PT J AU Sutherland, WJ Alves, JA Amano, T Chang, CH Davidson, NC Finlayson, CM Gill, JA Gill, RE Gonzalez, PM Gunnarsson, TG Kleijn, D Spray, CJ Szekely, T Thompson, DBA AF Sutherland, William J. Alves, Jose A. Amano, Tatsuya Chang, Charlotte H. Davidson, Nicholas C. Finlayson, C. Max Gill, Jennifer A. Gill, Robert E., Jr. Gonzalez, Patricia M. Gunnarsson, Tomas Gretar Kleijn, David Spray, Chris J. Szekely, Tamas Thompson, Des B. A. TI A horizon scanning assessment of current and potential future threats to migratory shorebirds SO IBIS LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic change; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes; ecosystem health; horizon scanning; Scolopacidae; shorebirds; waders ID ESTUARY WEST PORTUGAL; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WADER POPULATIONS; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; RICE FIELDS; LAND-USE; PLUVIALIS-APRICARIA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR AB We review the conservation issues facing migratory shorebird populations that breed in temperate regions and use wetlands in the non-breeding season. Shorebirds are excellent model organisms for understanding ecological, behavioural and evolutionary processes and are often used as indicators of wetland health. A global team of experienced shorebird researchers identified 45 issues facing these shorebird populations, and divided them into three categories (natural, current anthropogenic and future issues). The natural issues included megatsunamis, volcanoes and regional climate changes, while current anthropogenic threats encompassed agricultural intensification, conversion of tidal flats and coastal wetlands by human infrastructure developments and eutrophication of coastal systems. Possible future threats to shorebirds include microplastics, new means of recreation and infectious diseases. We suggest that this review process be broadened to other taxa to aid the identification and ranking of current and future conservation actions. C1 [Sutherland, William J.; Amano, Tatsuya] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Alves, Jose A.; Gill, Jennifer A.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Chang, Charlotte H.] Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Davidson, Nicholas C.] Ramsar Convent Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland. [Davidson, Nicholas C.; Finlayson, C. Max] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Albury, NSW, Australia. [Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gonzalez, Patricia M.] Global Flyway Network S Amer, RA-8520 San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Gonzalez, Patricia M.] Programa Humedales Fdn Inalafquen, RA-8520 San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Gunnarsson, Tomas Gretar] Univ Iceland, S Iceland Res Ctr, IS-800 Selfoss Gunnarsholt, Iceland. [Kleijn, David] Alterra, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Spray, Chris J.] Univ Dundee, UNESCO Ctr Water Law Policy & Sci, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. [Szekely, Tamas] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Biodivers Lab, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Thompson, Des B. A.] Scottish Nat Heritage, Edinburgh EH12 7AT, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Sutherland, WJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk RI Amano, Tatsuya/E-7367-2010; Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Gill, Jennifer/A-7759-2008; Gunnarsson, Tomas /L-9783-2015; OI Alves, Jose/0000-0001-7182-0936; Amano, Tatsuya/0000-0001-6576-3410; Gunnarsson, Tomas Gretar/0000-0001-7692-0637; Sutherland, William/0000-0002-6498-0437; Kleijn, David/0000-0003-2500-7164; Spray, Chris/0000-0001-8622-335X FU Arcadia FX W.J.S. is funded by Arcadia. Stephanie Prior prepared the references. We thank the referees and editors for remarkably detailed and useful comments, and Wetlands International and the Scottish Government for hosting a 1-day conference at which we considered many of the issues raised. This is a part of the Cambridge Conservation Initiative's horizon scanning programme. NR 198 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 18 U2 118 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD OCT PY 2012 VL 154 IS 4 BP 663 EP 679 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01261.x PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 032SH UT WOS:000310738900002 ER PT J AU Bar-Massada, A Hawbaker, TJ Stewart, SI Radeloff, VC AF Bar-Massada, Avi Hawbaker, Todd J. Stewart, Susan I. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Combining Satellite-Based Fire Observations and Ground-Based Lightning Detections to Identify Lightning Fires Across the Conterminous USA SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fire; lightning; MODIS; NLDN ID FOREST-FIRES; UNITED-STATES; DETECTION NETWORK; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; MODIS; REGIMES; CLIMATE; DISCHARGES; AMERICA; PRODUCT AB Lightning fires are a common natural disturbance in North America, and account for the largest proportion of the area burned by wildfires each year. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns of lightning fires in the conterminous US are not well understood due to limitations of existing fire databases. Our goal here was to develop and test an algorithm that combined MODIS fire detections with lightning detections from the National Lightning Detection Network to identify lightning fires across the conterminous US from 2000 to 2008. The algorithm searches for spatiotemporal conjunctions of MODIS fire clusters and NLDN detected lightning strikes, given a spatiotemporal lag between lightning strike and fire ignition. The algorithm revealed distinctive spatial patterns of lightning fires in the conterminous US While a sensitivity analysis revealed that the algorithm is highly sensitive to the two thresholds that are used to determine conjunction, the density of fires it detected was moderately correlated with ground based fire records. When only fires larger than 0.4 km(2) were considered, correlations were higher and the root-mean-square error between datasets was less than five fires per 625 km(2) for the entire study period. Our algorithm is thus suitable for detecting broad scale spatial patterns of lightning fire occurrence, and especially lightning fire hotspots, but has limited detection capability of smaller fires because these cannot be consistently detected by MODIS. These results may enhance our understanding of large scale patterns of lightning fire activity, and can be used to identify the broad scale factors controlling fire occurrence. C1 [Bar-Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Bar-Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu; tjhawbaker@usgs.gov; sistewart@fs.fed RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This work was supported in part by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 SI SI BP 1438 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2193665 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 040WZ UT WOS:000311358200012 ER PT J AU White, AF Vivit, DV Schulz, MS Bullen, TD Evett, RR Aagarwal, J AF White, Art F. Vivit, Davison V. Schulz, Marjorie S. Bullen, Tom D. Evett, Rand R. Aagarwal, Jugdeep TI Biogenic and pedogenic controls on Si distributions and cycling in grasslands of the Santa Cruz soil chronosequence, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MARINE TERRACE CHRONOSEQUENCE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; SILICON UPTAKE; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; WEATHERING RATES; PLANT PHYTOLITHS; SUDETES MTS.; FOREST SOIL; RICE PLANTS; SW POLAND AB Biogenic and pedogenic processes control silica cycling in grasslands growing on a soil chronosequence and dominated by strong seasonal variabilities of a Mediterranean climate. Shallow pore water Si, in spite of significant annual uptake and release by plant growth and dieback, exhibits only moderate seasonal fluctuations reflecting strong buffering from labile biogenic Si, dominated by phytoliths and by secondary pedogenic silicates. Long phytolith residence times (340-900 yrs) reflect the seasonally dry climate and high solute Si concentrations. Water-extractable Si is closely associated with Al, indicating seasonal precipitation and dissolution of a highly labile 1: 1 hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS), probably allophane, which transforms in deeper soil into fine grained, poorly crystalline kaolinite. Shallow plant roots extract greater proportions of biogenic Si and deeper plant roots larger amounts pedogenic Si. High pore water Ge/Si in late winter and spring reflects the reinforcing effects of plant fractionation and concurrent dissolution of Ge-enriched HAS. The same processes produce pore waters with depleted Si-30/Si-28. In the summer and fall, Ge/Si declines and Si-30/Si-28 increases, reflecting the cessation of plant uptake, continued dissolution of soil phytoliths and re-precipitation of less soluble HAS. Si inputs from weathering (2-90 mmol m(-2) yr(-1)) and losses from pore water discharge (18-68 mM m(-2) yr(-1)) are comparable for individual soils, decline with soil age and are significantly less than amounts of Si annual cycled through the vegetation (42-171 mM m(-2) yr(-1)). Mobile Si is generally balanced in the soils with upward bio-pumping by the shallow-rooted grasses efficiently competing against downward leaching and pore water discharge. Small net annual increases in Si in the present day soils could not have been maintained over the time scale represented by the chronosequence (65-225 yrs), implying past changes in environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Art F.; Vivit, Davison V.; Schulz, Marjorie S.; Bullen, Tom D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Evett, Rand R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aagarwal, Jugdeep] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 FU National Research Program (WRD); Climate Office of the USGS FX Our co-author, colleague and friend Davison Vivit passed away during the writing of this paper and we acknowledge the importance his many contributions to this and other projects over the years. The authors express their thanks to colleagues at USGS, especially Dave Stonestrom, John Fitzpatrick and Mark Hubner for significant help in the field and laboratory. We thank the rangers and staff of Wilder State Park, particularly Tim Hyland, for their cooperation and help. We thank Stephanie Mills for providing access to a site at Laguna Ranch. Germanium analyses of the vegetation were generously provided by Andy Kurtz of Boston University. This work was funded by the National Research Program (WRD) and Climate Office of the USGS. NR 111 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 94 BP 72 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.06.009 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 016HV UT WOS:000309509400006 ER PT J AU Ilgen, AG Foster, AL Trainor, TP AF Ilgen, Anastasia G. Foster, Andrea L. Trainor, Thomas P. TI Role of structural Fe in nontronite NAu-1 and dissolved Fe(II) in redox transformations of arsenic and antimony SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; NATURAL-WATERS; CLAY-MINERALS; DIOCTAHEDRAL SMECTITES; SHOOTING RANGES; FINE-STRUCTURE; OXIDATION; IRON; REDUCTION; ENVIRONMENT AB Oxidation state is a major factor affecting the mobility of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in soil and aquatic systems. Metal (hydr) oxides and clay minerals are effective sorbents, and may also promote redox reactions on their surfaces via direct or indirect facilitation of electron transfer. Iron substituted for Al in the octahedral sites of aluminosilicate clay minerals has the potential to be in variable oxidation states and is a key constituent of electron transfer reactions in clay minerals. This experimental work was conducted to determine whether structural Fe in clays can affect the oxidation state of As and Sb adsorbed at the clay surface. Another goal of our study was to compare the reactivity of clay structural Fe(II) with systems containing Fe(II) present in dissolved/adsorbed forms. The experimental systems included batch reactors with various concentrations of As(III), Sb(III), As(V), or Sb(V) equilibrated with oxidized (NAu-1) or partially reduced (NAu-1-Red) nontronite, hydrous aluminum oxide (HAO) and kaolinite (KGa-1b) suspensions under oxic and anoxic conditions. The reaction times ranged from 0.5 to 720 h, and pH was constrained at 5.5 (for As) and at 5.5 or 8.0 (for Sb). The oxidation state of As and Sb in the liquid phase was determined by liquid chromatography in line with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and in the solid phase by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our findings show that structural Fe(II) in NAu-1-Red was not able to reduce As(V)/Sb(V) under the conditions examined, but reduction was seen when aqueous Fe(II) was present in the systems with kaolinite (KGa-1b) and nontronite (NAu-1). The ability of the structural Fe in nontronite clay NAu-1 to promote oxidation of As(III)/Sb(III) was greatly affected by its oxidation state: if all structural Fe was in the oxidized Fe(III) form, no oxidation was observed; however, when the clay was partially reduced (similar to 20% of structural Fe was reduced to Fe(II)), NAu-1-Red promoted the most extensive oxidation under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Electron balance considerations suggest that structural Fe(III) in the NAu-1-Red was the sole oxidant in the anoxic setup, while dissolved O-2 also contributes in oxic conditions. Long-term batch experiments revealed the complex dynamics of As aqueous speciation in anoxic and oxic systems when reduced arsenic was initially added: rapid disappearance of As(III) was observed due to oxidation to As(V) followed by a slow increase of aqueous As(III). This behavior is explained by two reactions: fast initial oxidation of As(III) by structural Fe(III) (anoxic) or Fe(III) and dissolved O-2 (oxic) followed by the slow reduction of As(V) by dissolved Fe(II). The resulting re-mobilization of As due to As(V) reduction by aqueous Fe(II) occurs on time scales on the order of days. These reactions are likely significant in a natural soil or aquifer environment with seasonal cycling or slightly reducing conditions with an abundance of clay minerals and dissolved Fe(II). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilgen, Anastasia G.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Foster, Andrea L.] USGS, Western Mineral & Environm Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ilgen, AG (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr,Rm 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM anastasia.ilgen@alaska.edu FU Inland Northwest Research Alliance (INRA), NSF [CHE-0431425]; University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics (UAF CNSM); International Association of GeoChemistry (IAGC); Clay Minerals Society (CMS); SERDP [ER-1770] FX The authors would like to thank the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) for allocating beam time for this project, and also thank M. Newville, D. Brewe and J. Rogers for their assistance with the XAS data acquisition. K. Severin and K. Spaleta provided valuable assistance with the LC-ICP-MS work at the UAF Advanced Instrumental Laboratory. This project was supported by the Inland Northwest Research Alliance (INRA) graduate fellowship, NSF Grant CHE-0431425; a University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics (UAF CNSM) grant, an International Association of GeoChemistry (IAGC) student grant, the Clay Minerals Society (CMS) student travel grant, and SERDP Grant ER-1770. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 94 BP 128 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.07.007 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 016HV UT WOS:000309509400009 ER PT J AU Olea, RA Charpentier, RR Cook, TA Houseknecht, DW Garrity, CP AF Olea, Ricardo A. Charpentier, Ronald R. Cook, Troy A. Houseknecht, David W. Garrity, Christopher P. TI Geostatistical Population-Mixture Approach to Unconventional-Resource Assessment With an Application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, Eastern Oklahoma SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB Evaluation of resources such as tight sands and gas shales requires the formulation of assessment models that are different from those used for the inference of conventional resources. Formulations in present use are based in classical statistics that ignore the partly organized and partly random geographical variation of attributes related to the occurrence of hydrocarbons. This paper is the third in a series of methodological tests aimed at enhancing the assessment of unconventional resources through more-effective use of implicit and explicit information contained in the data, more-accurate evaluation of resources, and more-informative display of results. Reprocessing of estimated-ultimate-recovery (EUR) data at the Woodford gas shale in Oklahoma shows that subdivision of the play into areas as homogeneous as possible can produce results comparable to those obtained using several variables correlated to local productivity. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cook, Troy A.] US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 EI 1930-0212 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 554 EP 562 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 035EM UT WOS:000310926000004 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, AD Schmidt, KA AF Chalfoun, Anna D. Schmidt, Kenneth A. TI ADAPTIVE BREEDING-HABITAT SELECTION: IS IT FOR THE BIRDS? SO AUK LA English DT Article ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; PUBLIC INFORMATION USE; HOST-PLANT SELECTION; PREDATION RISK; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; SOCIAL INFORMATION; CLUTCH SIZE; LONG-TERM C1 [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schmidt, Kenneth A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Chalfoun, AD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM achalfou@uwyo.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0089588]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR fellowship; BBIRD Program; Bureau of Land Management; Montana Fish, Wildlife, Parks; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX Table S1 is available online at dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.129.4.XX. Partial financial support for K.A.S.'s research on breeding-habitat selection was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation to K.A.S. (DEB 0089588). Artwork in Figures 2 and 3 was provided by J. K. Kelly. Partial financial support for A.D.C.'s habitat-selection work was provided by a National Science Foundation EPSCoR fellowship; the BBIRD Program; the Bureau of Land Management; Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. We thank all field assistants that have assisted with these studies. A.D.C. is grateful to T. E. Martin for the initial inspiration to expand understanding of adaptive habitat selection. We thank the participants of the habitat-selection symposium at the 2010 joint AOU, COS, and CSO meeting in San Diego. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 8 U2 108 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2012 VL 129 IS 4 BP 589 EP 599 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.129.4.589 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 031RJ UT WOS:000310659700001 ER PT J AU Lyons, JE Royle, JA Thomas, SM Elliott-Smith, E Evenson, JR Kelly, EG Milner, RL Nysewander, DR Andres, BA AF Lyons, James E. Royle, J. Andrew Thomas, Susan M. Elliott-Smith, Elise Evenson, Joseph R. Kelly, Elizabeth G. Milner, Ruth L. Nysewander, David R. Andres, Brad A. TI LARGE-SCALE MONITORING OF SHOREBIRD POPULATIONS USING COUNT DATA AND N-MIXTURE MODELS: BLACK OYSTERCATCHER (HAEMATOPUS BACHMANI) SURVEYS BY LAND AND SEA SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; Black Oystercatcher; detection probability; Haematopus bachmani; hierarchical model; monitoring; sampling frame; survey ID ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; REPLICATED COUNTS AB Large-scale monitoring of bird populations is often based on count data collected across spatial scales that may include multiple physiographic regions and habitat types. Monitoring at large spatial scales may require multiple survey platforms (e.g., from boats and land when monitoring coastal species) and multiple survey methods. It becomes especially important to explicitly account for detection probability when analyzing count data that have been collected using multiple survey platforms or methods. We evaluated a new analytical framework, N-mixture models, to estimate actual abundance while accounting for multiple detection biases. During May 2006, we made repeated counts of Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) from boats in the Puget Sound area of Washington (n = 55 sites) and from land along the coast of Oregon (n = 56 sites). We used a Bayesian analysis of N-mixture models to (1) assess detection probability as a function of environmental and survey covariates and (2) estimate total Black Oystercatcher abundance during the breeding season in the two regions. Probability of detecting individuals during boat-based surveys was 0.75 (95% credible interval: 0.42-0.91) and was not influenced by tidal stage. Detection probability from surveys conducted on foot was 0.68 (0.39-0.90); the latter was not influenced by fog, wind, or number of observers but was similar to 35% lower during rain. The estimated population size was 321 birds (262-511) in Washington and 311 (276-382) in Oregon. N-mixture models provide a flexible framework for modeling count data and covariates in large-scale bird monitoring programs designed to understand population change. Received 9 November 2011, accepted 24 May 2012. C1 [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Thomas, Susan M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Maritime NWRC, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Thomas, Susan M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds & Habitat Programs, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Elliott-Smith, Elise] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evenson, Joseph R.; Milner, Ruth L.; Nysewander, David R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Kelly, Elizabeth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Lyons, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jarnes_lyons@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds and Habitat Programs; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Diversity Program FX We are grateful to many Oregon volunteers without whom this study would not have been possible. We thank the staff at Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex for help in designing the study. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds and Habitat Programs, and by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Diversity Program. We are grateful to M. Runge for suggestions about modeling circular data. The manuscript was improved by comments from S. Converse and J. Sauer. The findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2012 VL 129 IS 4 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11253 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 031RJ UT WOS:000310659700007 ER PT J AU Schwarzer, AC Collazo, JA Niles, LJ Brush, JM Douglass, NJ Percival, HF AF Schwarzer, Amy C. Collazo, Jaime A. Niles, Lawrence J. Brush, Janell M. Douglass, Nancy J. Percival, H. Franklin TI ANNUAL SURVIVAL OF RED KNOTS (CALIDRIS CANUTUS RUFA) WINTERING IN FLORIDA SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Barker model; Calidris canutus; Florida; Red Knot; survival; site fidelity ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; LIFE-HISTORY; DELAWARE BAY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SITE FIDELITY; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; REFUELING PERFORMANCE; LARGE HERBIVORES; ADULT SURVIVAL; MARKED ANIMALS AB Populations of Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) have declined an estimated 80% in the past 25 years. Declines are primarily attributed to dwindling food resources in Delaware Bay, their last migratory stopover before the breeding grounds. Red Knots wintering in Florida also decreased in numbers, prompting the need to estimate local vital rates to determine whether local factors contribute to declining trends. We estimated age-specific annual survival rates and compared them with estimates from populations of Red Knots wintering in South America using the Barker model. Adult annual survival rates between 2005 and 2010 averaged 0.89 +/- 0.02 [SD]; range: 0.86-0.94) and were similar to estimates reported for Delaware Bay (0.87-0.92). Juvenile survival (0.95 +/- 0.06 [SE]) and adult fidelity (0.81 +/- 0.05 [SE]) were also high. However, juvenile survival did not include the period between fledging and arrival in Florida, a period of potentially high mortality. Similar adult survival rates suggested that there was no apparent survival cost for adults migrating to and from Florida compared with those migrating elsewhere. Factors that influence adult survival likely affect populations of C. c. rufa where they co-occur (e.g., breeding grounds, staging areas). Low year-to-year variation (CV = 2.24%) of adult survival suggests that other vital rates with higher variation (e.g., recruitment) may exert a stronger influence on population growth and partly account for the observed decline. Status projections require estimates of fecundity, year-round juvenile survival, and winter distribution in the United States. Received 7 December 2011, accepted 14 August 2012. C1 [Schwarzer, Amy C.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schwarzer, Amy C.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Bordentown, NJ 08505 USA. [Schwarzer, Amy C.; Brush, Janell M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Douglass, Nancy J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Lakeland, FL 33811 USA. [Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Schwarzer, AC (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 1105 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM amy.schwarzer@gmail.com FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission under the State Wildlife Grant program [9713-720-6328] FX We thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for supporting this work under the State Wildlife Grant program, project 9713-720-6328. We also thank M. Carroll, B. Carpenter, A. Waldstein, M. Peck, A. Dey, M. Milleson, M. Zahara, and the many agency staff and volunteers for their assistance in the field. Special thanks go to P. and D. Leary, the New Jersey Department of Fish, Game and Wildlife, the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, J. Fraser from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, A. Baker from the Royal Ontario Museum, and www.bandedbirds.org for sharing resight data. We thank W. Kendall, J. Nichols, J. Hines, R. Barker, and E. Leone for advice and assistance with data analyses. The manuscript benefited from reviews by D. Levey, C. McGowan, J. Nichols, J. Rodgers, W. Kendall, T. Arnold, and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2012 VL 129 IS 4 BP 725 EP 733 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11269 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 031RJ UT WOS:000310659700016 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Grant, EHC Fagan, WF AF Zipkin, Elise F. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Fagan, William F. TI Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibians; area under the curve; Bayesian analysis; detection bias; hierarchical model; multispecies models; occupancy; receiver operating characteristic curve; uncertainty ID SPECIES GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; SITE OCCUPANCY; RICHNESS; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; AMPHIBIANS; METAPOPULATION; FRAGMENTATION; METACOMMUNITY; EXTINCTION AB The ability to accurately predict patterns of species' occurrences is fundamental to the successful management of animal communities. To determine optimal management strategies, it is essential to understand species-habitat relationships and how species habitat use is related to natural or human-induced environmental changes. Using five years of monitoring data in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Maryland, USA, we developed four multispecies hierarchical models for estimating amphibian wetland use that account for imperfect detection during sampling. The models were designed to determine which factors (wetland habitat characteristics, annual trend effects, spring/summer precipitation, and previous wetland occupancy) were most important for predicting future habitat use. We used the models to make predictions about species occurrences in sampled and unsampled wetlands and evaluated model projections using additional data. Using a Bayesian approach, we calculated a posterior distribution of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) values, which allowed us to explicitly quantify the uncertainty in the quality of our predictions and to account for false negatives in the evaluation data set. We found that wetland hydroperiod (the length of time that a wetland holds water), as well as the occurrence state in the prior year, were generally the most important factors in determining occupancy. The model with habitat-only covariates predicted species occurrences well; however, knowledge of wetland use in the previous year significantly improved predictive ability at the community level and for two of 12 species/species complexes. Our results demonstrate the utility of multispecies models for understanding which factors affect species habitat use of an entire community (of species) and provide an improved methodology using AUC that is helpful for quantifying the uncertainty in model predictions while explicitly accounting for detection biases. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ezipkin@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 FU National Park Monitoring Program FX We thank Andy Royle, Marc Kery, Bob Dorazio, and an anonymous reviewer for many useful suggestions that greatly improved the final product. We also thank several people at the National Park Service including Scott Bell (CHOH), Shawn Carter, Patrick Campbell, Geoff Sanders, J. P. Schmit (Inventory and Monitoring program), and Paul Geisler, as well as the National Park Monitoring Program for funding this project. Larissa Bailey, Adrianne Brand, Eric Dallalio, and a slew of technicians collected the data and provided invaluable technical support. This is contribution number 397 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript has Bureau Approval (17Nov11). NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1962 EP 1972 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GA UT WOS:000310626100008 PM 23210312 ER PT J AU Sillett, TS Chandler, RB Royle, JA Kery, M Morrison, SA AF Sillett, T. Scott Chandler, Richard B. Royle, J. Andrew Kery, Marc Morrison, Scott A. TI Hierarchical distance-sampling models to estimate population size and habitat-specific abundance of an island endemic SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Aphelocoma insularis; biodiversity conservation; California Channel Islands; distance sampling; hierarchical models ID SANTA-CRUZ ISLAND; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; SCRUB-JAY; APHELOCOMA-INSULARIS; CALIFORNIA; METAPOPULATION; CONSERVATION; INFERENCE; SURVIVAL; WARBLERS AB Population size and habitat-specific abundance estimates are essential for conservation management. A major impediment to obtaining such estimates is that few statistical models are able to simultaneously account for both spatial variation in abundance and heterogeneity in detection probability, and still be amenable to large-scale applications. The hierarchical distance-sampling model of J. A. Royle, D. K. Dawson, and S. Bates provides a practical solution. Here, we extend this model to estimate habitat-specific abundance and rangewide population size of a bird species of management concern, the Island Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma insularis), which occurs solely on Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. We surveyed 307 randomly selected, 300 m diameter, point locations throughout the 250-km(2) island during October 2008 and April 2009. Population size was estimated to be 2267 (95% CI 1613-3007) and 1705 (1212-2369) during the fall and spring respectively, considerably lower than a previously published but statistically problematic estimate of 12 500. This large discrepancy emphasizes the importance of proper survey design and analysis for obtaining reliable information for management decisions. Jays were most abundant in low-elevation chaparral habitat; the detection function depended primarily on the percent cover of chaparral and forest within count circles. Vegetation change on the island has been dramatic in recent decades, due to release from herbivory following the eradication of feral sheep (Ovis aries) from the majority of the island in the mid-1980s. We applied best-fit fall and spring models of habitat-specific jay abundance to a vegetation map from 1985, and estimated the population size of A. insularis was 1400-1500 at that time. The 20-30% increase in the jay population suggests that the species has benefited from the recovery of native vegetation since sheep removal. Nevertheless, this jay's tiny range and small population size make it vulnerable to natural disasters and to habitat alteration related to climate change. Our results demonstrate that hierarchical distance-sampling models hold promise for estimating population size and spatial density variation at large scales. Our statistical methods have been incorporated into the R package unmarked to facilitate their use by animal ecologists, and we provide annotated code in the Supplement. C1 [Sillett, T. Scott] Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Sillett, TS (reprint author), Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM silletts@si.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Nature Conservancy; Smithsonian Institution; Channel Islands National Park; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank The Nature Conservancy and Channel Islands National Park for ongoing support of the Island Scrub-Jay Conservation Initiative, John Knapp and Native Range, Inc., for coordinating safe and efficient helicopter support of the jay surveys, Kathryn McEachern for sharing her vegetation data set, Victoria Bakker for assistance with selection of survey points, Brian Cohen for GIS analyses and all project cartography, and our talented, adrenaline-fueled field technicians (Allison Byrd, Luke Caldwell, Michelle Desrosiers, Jenelle Dowling, Benjamin Griffith, Jonathan Gunther, Kathryn Langin, and Anna Potter) for making this study possible. Our sampling design and this paper were improved by comments from V. Bakker, Reed Bowman, L. Caldwell, Daniel Doak, John Fitzpatrick, David Graber, K. Langin, Lyndal Laughrin, Jim Lyons, Frank Rivera, J. Michael Scott, Jerre Stallcup, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by The Nature Conservancy, the Smithsonian Institution, Channel Islands National Park, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 113 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1997 EP 2006 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GA UT WOS:000310626100011 PM 23210315 ER PT J AU Wilson, GS Levy, RH Naish, TR Powell, RD Florindo, F Ohneiser, C Sagnotti, L Winter, DM Cody, R Henrys, S Ross, J Krissek, L Niessen, F Pompillio, M Scherer, R Alloway, BV Barrett, PJ Brachfeld, S Browne, G Carter, L Cowan, E Crampton, J DeConto, RM Dunbar, G Dunbar, N Dunbar, R von Eynatten, H Gebhardt, C Giorgetti, G Graham, I Hannah, M Hansaraj, D Harwood, DM Hinnov, L Jarrard, RD Joseph, L Kominz, M Kuhn, G Kyle, P Laufer, A McIntosh, WC McKay, R Maffioli, P Magens, D Millan, C Monien, D Morin, R Paulsen, T Persico, D Pollard, D Raine, JI Riesselman, C Sandroni, S Schmitt, D Sjunneskog, C Strong, CP Talarico, F Taviani, M Villa, G Vogel, S Wilch, T Williams, T Wilson, TJ Wise, S AF Wilson, Gary S. Levy, Richard H. Naish, Tim R. Powell, Ross D. Florindo, Fabio Ohneiser, Christian Sagnotti, Leonardo Winter, Diane M. Cody, Rosemary Henrys, Stuart Ross, Jake Krissek, Larry Niessen, Frank Pompillio, Massimo Scherer, Reed Alloway, Brent V. Barrett, Peter J. Brachfeld, Stefanie Browne, Greg Carter, Lionel Cowan, Ellen Crampton, James DeConto, Robert M. Dunbar, Gavin Dunbar, Nelia Dunbar, Robert von Eynatten, Hilmar Gebhardt, Catalina Giorgetti, Giovanna Graham, Ian Hannah, Mike Hansaraj, Dhiresh Harwood, David M. Hinnov, Linda Jarrard, Richard D. Joseph, Leah Kominz, Michelle Kuhn, Gerhard Kyle, Philip Laeufer, Andreas McIntosh, William C. McKay, Robert Maffioli, Paola Magens, Diana Millan, Christina Monien, Donata Morin, Roger Paulsen, Timothy Persico, Davide Pollard, David Raine, J. Ian Riesselman, Christina Sandroni, Sonia Schmitt, Doug Sjunneskog, Charlotte Strong, C. Percy Talarico, Franco Taviani, Marco Villa, Giuliana Vogel, Stefan Wilch, Tom Williams, Trevor Wilson, Terry J. Wise, Sherwood TI Neogene tectonic and climatic evolution of the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica - Chronology of events from the AND-1B drill hole SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Stratigraphic Drilling; McMurdo Ice Shelf; Chronostratigraphy; Neogene; Tectonics; Ice Sheet history ID SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ICE-SHEET; DRY-VALLEYS; MCMURDO SOUND; SIRIUS GROUP; TRANSANTARCTIC-MOUNTAINS; SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY; BASIN EVOLUTION; HISTORY AB Stratigraphic drilling from the McMurdo Ice Shelf in the 2006/2007 austral summer recovered a 1284.87 m sedimentary succession from beneath the sea floor. Key age data for the core include magnetic polarity stratigraphy for the entire succession, diatom biostratigraphy for the upper 600 m and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for in-situ volcanic deposits as well as reworked volcanic clasts. A vertical seismic profile for the drill hole allows correlation between the drill hole and a regional seismic network and inference of age constraint by correlation with well-dated regional volcanic events through direct recognition of interlayered volcanic deposits as well as by inference from flexural loading of pre-existing strata. The combined age model implies relatively rapid (1 m/2-5 ky) accumulation of sediment punctuated by hiatuses, which account for approximately 50% of the record. Three of the longer hiatuses coincide with basin-wide seismic reflectors and, along with two thick volcanic intervals, they subdivide the succession into seven chronostratigraphic intervals with characteristic facies: 1. The base of the cored succession (1275-1220 mbsf) comprises middle Miocene volcaniclastic sandstone dated at approx 13.5 Ma by several reworked volcanic clasts; 2. A late-Miocene sub-polar orbitally controlled glacial-interglacial succession (1220-760 mbsf) bounded by two unconformities correlated with basin-wide reflectors associated with early development of the terror rift; 3. A late Miocene volcanigenic succession (760-596 mbsf) terminating with a similar to 1 my hiatus at 596.35 mbsf which spans the Miocene-Pliocene boundary and is not recognised in regional seismic data; 4. An early Pliocene obliquity-controlled alternating diamictite and diatomite glacial-interglacial succession (590-440 mbsf), separated from; 5. A late Pliocene obliquity-controlled alternating diamictite and diatomite glacial-interglacial succession (440-150 mbsf) by a 750 Icy unconformity interpreted to represent a major sequence boundary at other locations; 6. An early Pleistocene interbedded volcanic, diamictite and diatomite succession (150-80 mbsf), and; 7. A late Pleistocene glacigene succession (80-0 mbsf) comprising diamictite dominated sedimentary cycles deposited in a polar environment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, Gary S.] Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Wilson, Gary S.; Ohneiser, Christian] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Levy, Richard H.; Naish, Tim R.; Henrys, Stuart; Browne, Greg; Crampton, James; Graham, Ian; Raine, J. Ian; Strong, C. Percy] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Naish, Tim R.; Cody, Rosemary; Alloway, Brent V.; Barrett, Peter J.; Carter, Lionel; Dunbar, Gavin; Hannah, Mike; Hansaraj, Dhiresh; McKay, Robert] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington, New Zealand. [Powell, Ross D.; Scherer, Reed] No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Florindo, Fabio; Sagnotti, Leonardo] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Winter, Diane M.; Harwood, David M.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Geosci, ANDRILL Sci Management Off, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ross, Jake; Kyle, Philip; McIntosh, William C.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Krissek, Larry; Millan, Christina; Wilson, Terry J.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Krissek, Larry; Millan, Christina; Wilson, Terry J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Niessen, Frank; Gebhardt, Catalina; Kuhn, Gerhard; Magens, Diana; Monien, Donata] Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Geosci, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Pompillio, Massimo] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Brachfeld, Stefanie] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Cowan, Ellen] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [DeConto, Robert M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dunbar, Robert] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [von Eynatten, Hilmar] Geosci Ctr Gottingen GZG, Dept Sedimentol & Environm Geol, Gottingen, Germany. [Giorgetti, Giovanna; Sandroni, Sonia; Talarico, Franco] Univ Sienna, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Hinnov, Linda] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Jarrard, Richard D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Joseph, Leah] Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Kominz, Michelle] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Laeufer, Andreas] BGR, Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Maffioli, Paola] Univ Milanobicocca, Dipartimento Sci Geol & Geotecnol, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Morin, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Paulsen, Timothy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Persico, Davide; Villa, Giuliana] Univ Parma, Dept Sci Terra, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Pollard, David] Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Riesselman, Christina] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schmitt, Doug] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Sjunneskog, Charlotte; Wise, Sherwood] Florida State Univ, Dept Geol, Antarctic Marine Geol Res Facil, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Taviani, Marco] ISMAR Bologna, CNR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Wilch, Tom] Albion Coll, Dept Geol, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Williams, Trevor] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Dunbar, Nelia] New Mexico Beurau Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Wilson, GS (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. RI talarico, franco/G-9472-2012; Williams, Trevor/L-7670-2014; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Hannah, Michael/H-1083-2015; McKay, Robert/N-2449-2015; Florindo, Fabio/F-4119-2010; Raine, James/D-5124-2009; Pompilio, Massimo/C-5892-2008; Schmitt, Douglas/A-4091-2010; Hinnov, Linda/D-9486-2013; Vogel, Stefan/I-1963-2014 OI Kuhn, Gerhard/0000-0001-6069-7485; Crampton, James/0000-0003-3270-9981; Ohneiser, Christian/0000-0002-2781-2522; talarico, franco/0000-0002-7254-4301; Sandroni, Sonia/0000-0002-7941-7145; taviani, marco/0000-0003-0414-4274; Sagnotti, Leonardo/0000-0003-3944-201X; Williams, Trevor/0000-0001-9204-2731; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Hannah, Michael/0000-0002-2275-0086; McKay, Robert/0000-0002-5602-6985; Florindo, Fabio/0000-0002-6058-9748; Raine, James/0000-0001-5294-2102; Pompilio, Massimo/0000-0002-0742-0679; Schmitt, Douglas/0000-0001-6920-0658; Vogel, Stefan W./0000-0002-4350-7130; FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); NZ Ministry of Science and Innovation (MSI); Marsden Fund; Italian Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA); German Research Foundation (DFG); Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) FX The ANDRILL project is a multinational collaboration between the Antarctic programmes of Germany, Italy, New Zealand and the United States. Antarctica New Zealand is the project operator and developed the drilling system in collaboration with Alex Pyne at Victoria University of Wellington and Webster Drilling and Enterprises Ltd. Antarctica New Zealand supported the drilling team at Scott Base, and Raytheon Polar Services Corporation supported the science team at McMurdo Station and the Crary Science and Engineering Center. The ANDRILL Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln provided science planning and operational support. Scientific studies are jointly supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), NZ Ministry of Science and Innovation (MSI) and the Marsden Fund, the Italian Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA), the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD OCT-NOV PY 2012 VL 96-97 SI SI BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.019 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 021PC UT WOS:000309896800015 ER PT J AU Mills, CT Goldhaber, MB AF Mills, Christopher T. Goldhaber, Martin B. TI Laboratory investigations of the effects of nitrification-induced acidification on Cr cycling in vadose zone material partially derived from ultramafic rocks SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chromium; Cr(VI); Nitrification; PLFAs; Ammonium polyphosphate; Soil acidification ID SOUTHWESTERN SACRAMENTO VALLEY; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GROUND-WATER; SOIL; USA; FERTILIZERS; REDUCTION; AMMONIA AB Sacramento Valley (California. USA) soils and sediments have high concentrations of Cr(III) because they are partially derived from ultramafic material. Some Cr(III) is oxidized to more toxic and mobile Cr(VI) by soil Mn oxides. Valley soils typically have neutral to alkaline pH at which Cr(III) is highly immobile. Much of the valley is under cultivation and is both fertilized and irrigated. A series of laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to assess how cultivation might impact Cr cycling in shallow vadose zone material from the valley. The first experiments employed low (7.1 mmol N per kg soil) and high (35 mmol N kg(-1)) concentrations of applied (NH4)(2)SO4. Initially, Cr(VI) concentrations were up to 45 and 60% greater than controls in low and high incubations, respectively. After microbially-mediated oxidation of all NH4, Cr(VI) concentrations dropped below control values. Increased nitrifying bacterial populations (estimated by measurement of phospholipid fatty acids) may have increased the Cr(VI) reduction capacity of the vadose zone material resulting in the observed decreases in Cr(VI). Another series of incubations employed vadose zone material from a different location to which low (45 meq kg(-1)) and high (128 meq kg(-1)) amounts of NH4Cl, KCl, and CaCl2 were applied. All treatments, except high concentration MCI, resulted in mean soil Cr(VI) concentrations that were greater than the control. High concentrations of water-leachable Ba2+ (mean 38 mu mol kg(-1)) in this treatment may have limited Cr(VI) solubility. A final set of incubations were amended with low (7.1 mmol N kg(-1)) and high (35 mmol N kg(-1)) concentrations of commercial liquid ammonium polyphosphate (APP) fertilizer which contained high concentrations of Cr(III). Soil Cr(VI) in the low APP incubations increased to a concentration of 1.8 mu mol kg(-1) (5x control) over 109days suggesting that Cr(III) added with the APP fertilizer was more reactive than naturally-occurring soil Cr(III). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mills, Christopher T.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mills, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Bldg 20,MS964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmills@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship to CTM. We thank Andrew Fulks (University of CA, Davis) and the Yolo County Parks Department for access to sampling sites; JoAnn Holloway (USGS) and Jean Morrison (USGS) for help with sample collection; Monique Adams (USGS) for help with analyses; Troy Bauder (Colorado State University) for help in obtaining APP fertilizer; Robert Zielinski (USGS) and Bryant Jurgens (USGS) for valuable reviews of a previous version of the manuscript; and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments towards improving the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 435 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.054 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028AV UT WOS:000310396100042 PM 22868043 ER PT J AU Bryant, M Reynolds, J DeFalco, LA Esque, TC AF Bryant, M. Reynolds, J. DeFalco, Lesley A. Esque, Todd C. TI SHORT SEED LONGEVITY, VARIABLE GERMINATION CONDITIONS, AND INFREQUENT ESTABLISHMENT EVENTS PROVIDE A NARROW WINDOW FOR YUCCA BREVIFOLIA (AGAVACEAE) RECRUITMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Agavaceae; climate conditions; granivory; Joshua tree; Mojave Desert; nurse plants; seed bank; survival analysis; Yucca brevifolia ID RATS DIPODOMYS-MERRIAMI; MOJAVE DESERT; JOSHUA TREE; NORTH-AMERICA; RODENTS; PLANTS; FACILITATION; POPULATION; PRECIPITATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB Premise of the Study: The future of long-lived stand-forming desert plants such as Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree) has come into question in light of climate variation and landscape-scale disturbances such as wildfire. Understanding plant establishment dynamics is important for mitigating the impacts of disturbances and promoting revegetation. Methods: We placed Y. brevifolia seeds in shallow caches and manipulated granivore access, nurse shrub effects, and the season of cache placement to determine conditions for seed germination and seedling establishment. Key Results: Greatest seedling emergence occurred during spring and summer, when increased soil moisture was accompanied by warm soil temperatures. Late winter-spring emergence for cached seeds was enhanced beneath shrub canopies, but seedling survival declined beneath shrubs as temperatures increased in spring. Germinability of seed remaining in the soil was reduced from 50-68% after 12 mo residence time in soil and declined to <3% after 40 mo. Following dispersal from parent plants, seeds are either removed by granivores or lose germinability, imposing substantial losses of potential germinants. Conclusions: Specific germination and establishment requirements impose stringent limits on recruitment rates for Y. brevifolia. Coupled with infrequent seed availability, the return rates to prefire densities and demographic structure may require decades to centuries, especially in light of potential changes to regional desert climate in combination with the potential for fire recurrence. Demographic patterns are predicted to vary spatially in response to environmental variability that limits recruitment and may already be apparent among extant populations. C1 [Bryant, M.; Reynolds, J.; DeFalco, Lesley A.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM todd_esque@usgs.gov FU National Park Service/U.S. Geological Survey National Resources Preservation Program; U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystems Studies FX The authors thank F. Chen, N. Custer, and M. Kang for field assistance. B. Waitman graciously provided information about his companion study plots that we continued to observe. The National Park Service/U.S. Geological Survey National Resources Preservation Program and the U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystems Studies, provided funding for this research. The U. S. Bureau of Land Management provided permission for our study site. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. The experiment described here complies with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources in the country where they were performed. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 64 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200099 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 025NW UT WOS:000310197500017 ER PT J AU Averill-Murray, RC Darst, CR Field, KJ Allison, LJ AF Averill-Murray, Roy C. Darst, Catherine R. Field, Kimberleigh J. Allison, Linda J. TI A New Approach to Conservation of the Mojave Desert Tortoise SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation-reliant species; Endangered Species Act; Gopherus agassizii; recovery; threatened species ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; RECOVERY AB The Mojave desert tortoise was listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) because of local population declines and an array of threats. Challenges to the recovery of this species include an incomplete understanding of the threats most responsible for its decline, insufficient information on the effectiveness of management actions, and the intractability of threats across a large geographical range and multiple jurisdictions. Recognition that these challenges require long-term conservation efforts to ensure the species' persistence with or without the protections of the ESA-necessitates a more structured approach to recovery, including broad stakeholder participation. A conservation-reliant perspective will probably be increasingly relevant for additional species and for adapting land management in the face of climate change by improving regional coordination of management activities, broadening spatial and temporal points of view in management and increasing the emphasis on addressing multiple threats simultaneously. C1 [Averill-Murray, Roy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV USA. [Darst, Catherine R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA USA. RP Averill-Murray, RC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV USA. EM roy_averill-murray@fws.gov NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 71 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2012 VL 62 IS 10 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.10.9 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 028JO UT WOS:000310418800010 ER PT J AU Ruttenberg, BI Schofield, PJ Akins, JL Acosta, A Feeley, MW Blondeau, J Smith, SG Ault, JS AF Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Schofield, Pamela J. Akins, J. Lad Acosta, Alejandro Feeley, Michael W. Blondeau, Jeremiah Smith, Steven G. Ault, Jerald S. TI RAPID INVASION OF INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISHES (PTEROIS VOLITANS AND PTEROIS MILES) IN THE FLORIDA KEYS, USA: EVIDENCE FROM MULTIPLE PRE- AND POST-INVASION DATA SETS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BAHAMIAN CORAL-REEFS; NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; UPDATE; COAST AB Over the past decade, Indo-Pacific lionfishes, Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828), venomous members of the scorpionfish family (Scorpaenidae), have invaded and spread throughout much of the tropical and subtropical northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. These species are generalist predators of fishes and invertebrates with the potential to disrupt the ecology of the invaded range. Lionfishes have been present in low numbers along the east coast of Florida since the 1980s, but were not reported in the Florida Keys until 2009. We document the appearance and rapid spread of lionfishes in the Florida Keys using multiple long-term data sets that include both pre- and post-invasion sampling. Our results are the first to quantify the invasion of lionfishes in a new area using multiple independent, ongoing monitoring data sets, two of which have explicit estimates of sampling effort. Between 2009 and 2011, lion fish frequency of occurrence, abundance, and biomass increased rapidly, increasing three- to six-fold between 2010 and 2011 alone. In addition, individuals were detected on a variety of reef and non-reef habitats throughout the Florida Keys. Because lionfish occurrence, abundance, and impacts are expected to continue to increase throughout the region, monitoring programs like those used in this study will be essential to document ecosystem changes that may result from this invasion. C1 [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.; Blondeau, Jeremiah] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Akins, J. Lad] REEF, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Acosta, Alejandro] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. [Feeley, Michael W.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida & Caribbean Network, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. [Smith, Steven G.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ruttenberg, BI (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM benjamin.ruttenberg@noaa.gov RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008; Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007; FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; National Park Service; NOAA Southeast Fishery Science Center; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Reef Environmental and Educational Foundation (REEF); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4); US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program FX We thank the dozens of divers and hundreds of people who conducted RVC and REEF surveys and sent lionfish reports to the USGS database. This research would have been impossible without their efforts. We are especially grateful to P Barbera, B Binder, M Dancy, A Estep, A Davis, D Gothan, J Javech, A Johnson, L Jones, D McClellan, D Morley, L Richter, J Simonds, W Sympson, M Tellier, and R Waara for the many hours spent monitoring reef fish communities in the field, to A Benson, D Gregoire, A Johnson, C Pattengill-Semmens, S Smith, B Witcher, and N Zurcher for database management, and to J Bohnsack, J Serafy, and many of the above-mentioned people for helpful guidance and discussions. This work was supported in part by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the National Park Service, the NOAA Southeast Fishery Science Center, the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the Reef Environmental and Educational Foundation (REEF), US Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4) and the US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 141 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1108 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 024JT UT WOS:000310106200014 ER PT J AU Saros, JE Stone, JR Pederson, GT Slemmons, KEH Spanbauer, T Schliep, A Cahl, D Williamson, CE Engstrom, DR AF Saros, Jasmine E. Stone, Jeffery R. Pederson, Gregory T. Slemmons, Krista E. H. Spanbauer, Trisha Schliep, Anna Cahl, Douglas Williamson, Craig E. Engstrom, Daniel R. TI Climate-induced changes in lake ecosystem structure inferred from coupled neo- and paleoecological approaches SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; Cyclotella; lake stratification; mixing depth; paleoecology ID HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; MIXING DEPTHS; PHYTOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; VARIABILITY; NUTRIENTS; GRADIENT; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Over the 20th century, surface water temperatures have increased in many lake ecosystems around the world, but long-term trends in the vertical thermal structure of lakes remain unclear, despite the strong control that thermal stratification exerts on the biological response of lakes to climate change. Here we used both neo- and paleoecological approaches to develop a fossil-based inference model for lake mixing depths and thereby refine understanding of lake thermal structure change. We focused on three common planktonic diatom taxa, the distributions of which previous research suggests might be affected by mixing depth. Comparative lake surveys and growth rate experiments revealed that these species respond to lake thermal structure when nitrogen is sufficient, with species optima ranging from shallower to deeper mixing depths. The diatom-based mixing depth model was applied to sedimentary diatom profiles extending back to 1750 AD in two lakes with moderate nitrate concentrations but differing climate settings. Thermal reconstructions were consistent with expected changes, with shallower mixing depths inferred for an alpine lake where treeline has advanced, and deeper mixing depths inferred for a boreal lake where wind strength has increased. The inference model developed here provides a new tool to expand and refine understanding of climate-induced changes in lake ecosystems. C1 [Saros, Jasmine E.; Stone, Jeffery R.; Slemmons, Krista E. H.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Stone, Jeffery R.; Spanbauer, Trisha] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Schliep, Anna; Cahl, Douglas] Univ Maine, Dept Phys, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Williamson, Craig E.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Engstrom, Daniel R.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN 55047 USA. RP Saros, JE (reprint author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jasmine.saros@maine.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0734277]; National Park Service FX Andrea Nurse and Heather Arnett assisted with diatom counts, Dennis Anderson analyzed nutrient samples, and Kevin Rose analyzed dissolved organic carbon. Steve Wooden assisted with diatom sample preparation. Carmen Daggett, Carrie Kissman, Barnaby Olson, Kevin Rose, Karlyn Westover, Audrey Bamberg, and Courtney Wigdahl provided valuable field assistance. This project was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-0734277) and the National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 IS 10 BP 2155 EP 2164 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030IC UT WOS:000310563400003 PM 23185877 ER PT J AU Roffler, GH Adams, LG Talbot, SL Sage, GK Dale, BW AF Roffler, Gretchen H. Adams, Layne G. Talbot, Sandra L. Sage, George K. Dale, Bruce W. TI Range overlap and individual movements during breeding season influence genetic relationships of caribou herds in south-central Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; female philopatry; genetic structure; metapopulation; microsatellite; mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); Rangifer tarandus ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; POPULATION SUBDIVISION; DIFFERENTIATION; HETEROGENEITY; PHILOPATRY AB North American caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds commonly exhibit little nuclear genetic differentiation among adjacent herds, although available evidence supports strong demographic separation, even for herds with seasonal range overlap. During 1997-2003, we studied the Mentasta and Nelchina caribou herds in south-central Alaska using radiotelemetry to determine individual movements and range overlap during the breeding season, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to assess levels of genetic differentiation. Although the herds were considered discrete because females calved in separate regions, individual movements and breeding-range overlap in some years provided opportunity for male-mediated gene flow, even without demographic interchange. Telemetry results revealed strong female philopatry, and little evidence of female emigration despite overlapping seasonal distributions. Analyses of 13 microsatellites indicated the Mentasta and Nelchina herds were not significantly differentiated using both traditional population-based analyses and individual-based Bayesian clustering analyses. However, we observed mtDNA differentiation between the 2 herds (F-ST = 0.041, P < 0.001). Although the Mentasta and Nelchina herds exhibit distinct population dynamics and physical characteristics, they demonstrate evidence of gene flow and thus function as a genetic metapopulation. C1 [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Adams, Layne G.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Sage, George K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dale, Bruce W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Roffler, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM groffler@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Park Service; National Interagency Fire Center FX This work was supported by funding from the United States Geological Survey, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the National Park Service, and the National Interagency Fire Center. For assistance with fieldwork, we thank T. Cambier, M. Hollows, K. Joly, J. Larrivee, G. Lee, C. Mitchell, M. Reid, B. Scotton, R. Schwanke, R. Swisher, and R. Tobey. We are especially grateful for the help of H. McMahan, who provided countless hours of aerial radiotracking and valuable insights over the course of this study. G. Drew offered very helpful assistance with geographic information system analyses. A. Gunn, M. Festa-Bianchet, J. Pearce, P. Valkenburg, J. Vucetich, and 1 anonymous reviewer provided constructive criticism of previous drafts of this work. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 90 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1318 EP 1330 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-275.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 025HQ UT WOS:000310179700010 ER PT J AU Ruell, EW Riley, SPD Douglas, MR Antolin, MF Pollinger, JR Tracey, JA Lyren, LM Boydston, EE Fisher, RN Crooks, KR AF Ruell, E. W. Riley, S. P. D. Douglas, M. R. Antolin, M. F. Pollinger, J. R. Tracey, J. A. Lyren, L. M. Boydston, E. E. Fisher, R. N. Crooks, K. R. TI Urban Habitat Fragmentation and Genetic Population Structure of Bobcats in Coastal Southern California SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CONNECTIVITY; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; CARNIVORE; URBANIZATION; SIMULATION; ABUNDANCE; GENOTYPES AB Although habitat fragmentation is recognized as a primary threat to biodiversity, the effects of urban development on genetic population structure vary among species and landscapes and are not yet well understood. Here we use non-invasive genetic sampling to compare the effects of fragmentation by major roads and urban development on levels of dispersal, genetic diversity, and relatedness between paired bobcat populations in replicate landscapes in coastal southern California. We hypothesized that bobcat populations in sites surrounded by urbanization would experience reduced functional connectivity relative to less isolated nearby populations. Our results show that, bobcat genetic population structure is affected by roads and development but not always as predicted by the degree that these landscape features surround fragments. Instead, we suggest that urban development may affect functional connectivity between bobcat populations more by limiting the number and genetic diversity of source populations of migrants than by creating impermeable barriers to dispersal. C1 [Antolin, M. F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pollinger, J. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lyren, L. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Boydston, E. E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Fisher, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Ruell, E. W.; Douglas, M. R.; Tracey, J. A.; Crooks, K. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Riley, S. P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Ruell, EW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eruell@gmail.com FU Nature Conservancy; Irvine Company; Nature Reserve of Orange County; Transportation Corridor Agencies; Oscar and Isabel Anderson Graduate Scholarship; Douglas L. Gilbert Memorial Scholarship; Colorado State University College of Natural Resources Need-Based Scholarship; Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund Grant; Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation's Bill Burtness Fellowship; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF EF-0723676] FX Thanks to C. E. Lee at UW-Madison, R. K. Wayne at UCLA, and M. E. Douglas at CSU for laboratory facilities, laboratory expertise, and valuable guidance on this project and manuscript. R. Alonso, E. Ambat, M. Cegelski, M. Ervin, G. Geye, C. Haas, R. Mowry, J. Naegele, T. Smith, G. Turschak, and E. York provided field support. C. Talbert and M. Ackerman assisted in the laboratory. Thanks to J. Lee and S. Vandewoude for their help. The Nature Conservancy, The Irvine Company, The Nature Reserve of Orange County, Transportation Corridor Agencies, Oscar and Isabel Anderson Graduate Scholarship, Douglas L. Gilbert Memorial Scholarship, Colorado State University College of Natural Resources Need-Based Scholarship, Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund Grant, Rocky Mountain Goats Foundation's Bill Burtness Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF EF-0723676) supported this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 94 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 168 IS 2 BP 265 EP 280 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VN UT WOS:000309844800003 ER PT J AU Hinton, JW Chamberlain, MJ van Manen, FT AF Hinton, Joseph W. Chamberlain, Michael J. van Manen, Frank T. TI Long-Distance Movements of Transient Coyotes in Eastern North Carolina SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT USE; CANIS-LATRANS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SPACE USE; PATTERNS; BOBCATS AB Movement ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the southeastern United States is poorly understood, despite the increasing recognition that coyotes are important predators throughout the region. During 2009-2011, we documented long-distance movements of three transient, coyotes in northeastern North Carolina using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. From their capture locations, distances traveled by the coyotes were 393 km, 280 km, and 77 km. Mean daily distance traveled during transient movements was 6.7 km/day, 5.2 km/day, and 2.8 km/day, respectively. Maximum distances traveled in a day were 21.0 km, 18.8 km, and 9.5 km, respectively. After moving 393 km west, one coyote settled southeast of Durham, NC and established a home range of 35.0 km(2) within a primarily suburban landscape. During transiency, all three coyotes maintained biding areas ranging from 6.6 km(2) to 43.7 km(2) for 11-52 d. Our findings illustrate the complexities of coyote movement and demonstrate that coyotes can traverse Icing distances and quickly establish home ranges in rural and suburban landscapes of the southeastern United States. C1 [Hinton, Joseph W.; Chamberlain, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hinton, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhinton@uga.edu FU Red Wolf Recovery Program; Louisiana State University (LSU); LSU Agricultural Center; United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); United States Geological Survey (USGS); Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia FX We appreciate funding and logistical support provided by the Red Wolf Recovery Program, Louisiana State University (LSU), the LSU Agricultural Center, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia. We appreciate support of the Red Wolf Recovery Program, specifically C. Lucash, F. Mauney, M. Morse, R. Nordsven, and D. Rabon. We thank J. McVey for assisting with the recovery of coyote 490M. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 168 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VN UT WOS:000309844800004 ER PT J AU Barrett, DA Leslie, DM AF Barrett, Dominic A. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Spatio-Temporal Variations in Age Structures of a Partially Re-established Population of Northern River Otters (Lontra canadensis) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; RECOLONIZATION; REINTRODUCTION; MINNESOTA; EXPANSION; DYNAMICS; OKLAHOMA AB Examination of age structures and sex ratios is useful in the management of northern river otters (Lontra canadensis) and other forbearers. Reintroductions and subsequent recolonizations of river otters have been well documented, but changes in demographics between expanding and established populations have not been observed. As a result of reintroduction efforts, immigration from Arkansas and northeastern Texas, and other efforts, river otters have become partially reestablished throughout eastern and central Oklahoma. Our objective was to examine age structures of river otters in Oklahoma and identify trends that relate to space (watersheds, county) and time (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service county trapping records). We predicted that river otters in western areas of the state were younger than river otters occurring farther east. From 2005-2007, we obtained salvaged river otter carcasses from federal and state agencies, and we live-captured other river otters using leg hold traps. Seventy-two river otters were sampled. Overall, sex ratios were skewed toward females (1F:0.8M), but they did not differ among spatiotemporal scales examined. Teeth were removed from salvaged and live-captured river otters (n = 63) for aging. One-year old river otters represented the largest age class (30.2%). Proportion of juveniles (<1 y old) in Oklahoma (19.0%) was less than other states. Mean age of river otters decreased from east-to-west in the Arkansas River and its tributaries. Mean age of river otters differed between the Canadian River Watershed (0.8 y) and the Arkansas River Watershed (2.9 y) and the Canadian River Watershed and the Red River Watershed (2.4 y). Proportion of juveniles did not differ among spatiotemporal scales examined. Similar to age structure variations in other mammalian carnivores, colonizing or growing western populations of river otters in Oklahoma contained younger ages than more established eastern populations. C1 [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Barrett, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, POB 39, Pinetop, AZ 85935 USA. EM dominic_barrett@fws.gov FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [W-158-R]; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma Slate University, Wildlife Management Institute, and United States Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating); National Science Foundation Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority [HRD-0444082] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Project W-158-R of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University and administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma Slate University, Wildlife Management Institute, and United States Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating). This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority, Participation Bridge to Doctorate Program grant number HRD-0444082. We thank Stacey K. Davis, Ashley A. Foster, and numerous private landowners for their assistance in the field. Special thanks to Paul (Mike) Fischer from the Arkansas Trappers Association and the late David A. Hamilton from the Missouri Department of Wildlife Conservation for their guidance and training. Numerous employees of the ODWC provided much needed assistance. We thank Dennis M. Stone and Jack F. Cully, Jr. for providing helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, industry, or film names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 168 IS 2 BP 302 EP 314 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VN UT WOS:000309844800006 ER PT J AU Havens, K Jolls, CL Marik, JE Vitt, P McEachern, AK Kind, D AF Havens, Kayri Jolls, Claudia L. Marik, Julie E. Vitt, Pati McEachern, A. Kathryn Kind, Darcy TI Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol impacts; Weevil; Demography; Larinus planus; Cirsium pitched; Seed predation ID PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNAS; RHINOCYLLUS-CONICUS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CANADA THISTLE; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; INTRODUCED WEEVIL; HOST UTILIZATION; CURCULIONIDAE; DYNAMICS AB Larinus planus Frabicius (Curculionidae), is a seed-eating weevil that was inadvertently introduced into the US and was subsequently distributed in the US and Canada for the control of noxious thistle species of rangelands. It has been detected recently in the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitched). We assayed weevil damage in a natural population of Pitcher's thistle at Whitefish Dunes State Park, Door County, WI and quantified the impact on fecundity. We then estimated the impact of this introduced weevil and other emerging threats on two natural, uninvaded populations of Pitcher's thistle for which we have long-term demographic data for 16 yr (Wilderness State Park, Emmet County, MI) and 23 yr (Miller High Dunes, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter County, IN). We used transition matrices to determine growth rates and project the potential effects of weevil damage, inbreeding, goldfinch predation, and vegetative succession on Pitcher's thistle population viability. Based on our models, weevil seed predation reduced population growth rate by 10-12%, but this reduction was enough to reduce time to extinction from 24 yr to 13 yr and 8 yr to 5 yr in the MI and IN population, respectively. This impact is particularly severe, given most populations of Pitcher's thistle throughout its range hover near or below replacement. This is the first report of unanticipated ecological impacts from a biocontrol agent on natural populations of Cirsium pitcheri. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Havens, Kayri; Jolls, Claudia L.; Vitt, Pati] Chicago Bot Garden, Div Plant Sci & Conservat, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. [Jolls, Claudia L.; Marik, Julie E.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Jolls, Claudia L.] Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. [McEachern, A. Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Isl Field Stn, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Kind, Darcy] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Endangered Resources, Madison, WI 53704 USA. RP Havens, K (reprint author), Chicago Bot Garden, Div Plant Sci & Conservat, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. EM khavens@chicagobotanic.org; jollsc@ecu.edu; marikj@ecu.edu; pvitt@chicagobotanic.org; kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov; Darcy.kind@wisconsin.gov OI Vitt, Pati/0000-0002-3727-9178 FU NSF [DEB 0516058]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Michigan Biological Station FX The authors thank Elizabeth Brackin, Michelle Boyle, Ariel Campbell, Kristin Cribb, Noura Hamze, Samara Hamze, Jill Johnston, Lisa Keller, Erica Kociolek, Lindsay Leverett, Tiffany Lin, Christa Lutzke, Greg Nozko, Sally Oviatt, Noel Pavlovic, Callie Pflafkin, Bob Pillsbury, C. Smith, Amalia Spankowski, Shannon Still, Julie Stumpf, Melissa Tienes, D. Trexel-Kroll, Kristin Uthus, Alison Varty, and Eric Young for assistance in the field. We thank Tim Bell, Marlin Bowles, and Jeremie Fant for sharing unpublished data. The manuscript was improved by comments from Richard Primack, Ed Guerrant, and an anonymous reviewer. We thank Emily Yates for creating Fig. 1. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was supported by NSF award DEB 0516058 to K. Havens, T. Bell, M. Bowles, C. Jolls, and K. McEachern. Additional support came from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, and University of Michigan Biological Station. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 155 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017EF UT WOS:000309572200025 ER PT J AU Wertin, TM Phillips, SL Reed, SC Belnap, J AF Wertin, Timothy M. Phillips, Susan L. Reed, Sasha C. Belnap, Jayne TI Elevated CO2 did not mitigate the effect of a short-term drought on biological soil crusts SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Biological soil crust; Collema spp; Cyanobacteria; Drought; Elevated CO2; Global climate change; Syntrichia spp ID MOJAVE DESERT; TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN UTAH; WATER-CONTENT; NAMIB DESERT; ARID LANDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXCHANGE AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are critical components of arid and semi-arid ecosystems that contribute significantly to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation, water retention, soil stability, and seedling recruitment. While dry-land ecosystems face a number of environmental changes, our understanding of how biocrusts may respond to such perturbation remains notably poor. To determine the effect that elevated CO2 may have on biocrust composition, cover, and function, we measured percent soil surface cover, effective quantum yield, and pigment concentrations of naturally occurring biocrusts growing in ambient and elevated CO2 at the desert study site in Nevada, USA, from spring 2005 through spring 2007. During the experiment, a year-long drought allowed us to explore the interacting effects that elevated CO2 and water availability may have on biocrust cover and function. We found that, regardless of CO2 treatment, precipitation was the major regulator of biocrust cover. Drought reduced moss and lichen cover to near-zero in both ambient and elevated CO2 plots, suggesting that elevated CO2 did not alleviate water stress or increase C fixation to levels sufficient to mitigate drought-induced reduction in cover. In line with this result, lichen quantum yield and soil cyanobacteria pigment concentrations appeared more strongly dependent upon recent precipitation than CO2 treatment, although we did find evidence that, when hydrated, elevated CO2 increased lichen C fixation potential. Thus, an increase in atmospheric CO2 may only benefit biocrusts if overall climate patterns shift to create a wetter soil environment. C1 [Wertin, Timothy M.; Reed, Sasha C.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Phillips, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Wertin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM twertin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program FX We would like to thank Mandy Turner for her field leadership and hard work. Additionally, we would like to thank Melody Bourret, Matt van Scoyoc, Adam Collins, and Tonya Troxler for their assistance gathering data in the field. We would like to thank Drs. Erika Geiger, Matt Bowker, and Ferran Garcia-Pichel for assistance in editing. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 70 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 7 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1007/s00374-012-0673-6 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 024BF UT WOS:000310081800005 ER PT J AU Lepak, JM Cathcart, CN Hooten, MB AF Lepak, Jesse M. Cathcart, C. Nathan Hooten, Mevin B. TI Otolith mass as a predictor of age in kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from four Colorado reservoirs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; WEIGHT; GROWTH; NEOPILCHARDUS; PILCHARD; LAKES AB Estimating ages of individuals in fish populations is crucial for determining characteristics necessary to effectively manage sport fisheries. Currently, the most accepted approach for fish age determination is using thin sectioned otoliths for interpretation. This method is labor-intensive, requires extensive training, and subjectively determines age. Several studies have shown that otolith mass increases with age, yet use of otolith mass to determine fish age is relatively underutilized. However, determining fish age using otolith mass requires relatively little training, is relatively nonsubjective, and is faster compared with other aging techniques. We collected kokanee salmon (i.e., landlocked sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka) in 2004 from four reservoirs and from 2000 to 2009 in one reservoir to evaluate the efficacy of using otolith mass to determine fish ages. We used a machine learning technique to predict kokanee salmon ages using otolith mass and various other covariates. Our findings suggest this method has potential to substantially reduce time and financial resources required to age fish. We conclude that using otolith mass to determine fish age may represent an efficient and accurate approach for some species. C1 [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cathcart, C. Nathan] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lepak, JM (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jesse.Lepak@state.co.us FU USFWS Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Fund Program; Colorado Parks and Wildlife FX We thank D. Dreiling and W. Stacy for laboratory assistance, R. Black for logistic support, and P. Martinez, D. Brauch, J. Ewert, K. Rogers, and E. Vigil for field support and advice throughout the project. Funding and project support were provided by the USFWS Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Fund Program and Colorado Parks and Wildlife. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US government. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1569 EP 1575 DI 10.1139/F2012-081 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 022LC UT WOS:000309959900001 ER PT J AU Kuehne, LM Olden, JD Duda, JJ AF Kuehne, Lauren M. Olden, Julian D. Duda, Jeffrey J. TI Costs of living for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an increasingly warming and invaded world SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; SMALLMOUTH BASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER TEMPERATURE; RAPID GROWTH; YAKIMA RIVER; COHO SALMON; SURVIVAL AB Rapid environmental change in freshwater ecosystems has created a need to understand the interactive effects of multiple stressors, with temperature and invasive predators identified as key threats to imperiled fish species. We tested the separate and interactive effects of water temperature and predation by non-native smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) on the lethal (mortality) and sublethal (behavior, physiology, and growth) effects for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in seminatural stream channel experiments. Over 48 h trials, there was no difference in direct predation with warmer temperatures, but significant interactive effects on sublethal responses of juvenile salmon. Warmer temperatures resulted in significantly stronger and more variable antipredator responses (surface shoaling and swimming activity), while physiological indicators (plasma glucose, plasma cortisol) suggested suppression of physiological mechanisms in response to the combined stressors. These patterns corresponded with additive negative growth in predation, temperature, and combined treatments. Our results suggest that chronic increases in temperature may not increase direct predation over short periods, but can result in significant sublethal costs with negative implications for long-term development, disease resistance, and subsequent size-selective mortality of Pacific salmon. C1 [Kuehne, Lauren M.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kuehne, LM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lkuehne@uw.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0718124]; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program [833834]; US Geological Survey FX We thank Brian Beckman, the staff at the WFRC for help and resources during laboratory trials, and members of the Olden Lab for substantial support in stream channel construction and sampling. Dave Beauchamp, Tom Quinn, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. All work reported herein was conducted in accordance with University of Washington's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol No. 4172-05. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. DGE-0718124, the US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program (grant No. 833834), and the US Geological Survey. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the convenience of the reader and does not constitute endorsement by the US government. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 87 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1621 EP 1630 DI 10.1139/f2012-094 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 022LC UT WOS:000309959900006 ER PT J AU Colvin, ME Pierce, CL Stewart, TW AF Colvin, Michael E. Pierce, Clay L. Stewart, Timothy W. TI Semidiscrete biomass dynamic modeling: an improved approach for assessing fish stock responses to pulsed harvest events SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CATCH-EFFORT DATA; COMMON CARP; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WATER CLARITY; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; LAKE; APPROPRIATE; POPULATIONS; PADDLEFISH AB Continuous harvest over an annual period is a common assumption of continuous biomass dynamics models (CBDMs); however, fish are frequently harvested in a discrete manner. We developed semidiscrete biomass dynamics models (SDBDMs) that allow discrete harvest events and evaluated differences between CBDMs and SDBDMs using an equilibrium yield analysis with varying levels of fishing mortality (F). Equilibrium fishery yields for CBDMs and SDBDMS were similar at low fishing mortalities and diverged as F approached and exceeded maximum sustained yield (F-MSY). Discrete harvest resulted in lower equilibrium yields at high levels of F relative to continuous harvest. The effect of applying harvest continuously when it was in fact discrete was evaluated by fitting CBDMs and SDBDMs to time series data generated from a hypothetical fish stock undergoing discrete harvest and evaluating parameter estimates bias. Violating the assumption of continuous harvest resulted in biased parameter estimates for CBDM while SDBDM parameter estimates were unbiased. Biased parameter estimates resulted in biased biological reference points derived from CBDMs. Semidiscrete BDMs outperformed continuous BDMs and should be used when harvest is discrete, when the time and magnitude of harvest are known, and when F is greater than F-MSY. C1 [Colvin, Michael E.; Stewart, Timothy W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Colvin, ME (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM colvin.mike@gmail.com FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Iowa Department of Natural Resources FX We thank Scott Grummer (Iowa Department of Natural Resources) for providing common carp harvest data. This manuscript was improved by critical comments from Christopher Chizinski, William French, and two anonymous reviewers. This project was supported in part by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1710 EP 1721 DI 10.1139/F2012-084 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 022LC UT WOS:000309959900013 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Pracheil, BM DeBoer, JA Wilde, GR Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Pracheil, Brenda M. DeBoer, Jason A. Wilde, Gene R. Pope, Kevin L. TI Using the Internet to Understand Angler Behavior in the Information Age SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID MEDIA; RECREATION; INSIGHTS; SEARCH AB Declining participation in recreational angling is of great concern to fishery managers because fishing license sales are an important revenue source for protection of aquatic resources. This decline is frequently attributed, in part, to increased societal reliance on electronics. Internet use by anglers is increasing and fishery managers may use the Internet as a unique means to increase angler participation. We examined Internet search behavior using Google Insights for Search, a free online tool that summarizes Google searches from 2004 to 2011 to determine (1) trends in Internet search volume for general fishing-related terms and (2) the relative usefulness of terms related to angler recruitment programs across the United States. Though search volume declined for general fishing terms (e. g., fishing, fishing guide), search volume increased for social media and recruitment terms (e. g., fishing forum, family fishing) over the 7-year period. We encourage coordinators of recruitment programs to capitalize on anglers' Internet usage by considering Internet search patterns when creating web-based information. Careful selection of terms used in web-based information to match those currently searched by potential anglers may help to direct traffic to state agency web-sites that support recruitment efforts. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; DeBoer, Jason A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pracheil, Brenda M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wilde, Gene R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Martin, Dusitn/B-1655-2013 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-182-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game; Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Ben Beardmore, Andrea Faas, and Keith Hurley for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article. Many of the ideas presented here originated while working on Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-182-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2012 VL 37 IS 10 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.722875 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 022VO UT WOS:000309992300004 ER PT J AU Finlayson, B Schnick, R Skaar, D Anderson, J Demong, L Duffield, D Horton, W Steinkjer, J VanMaaren, C AF Finlayson, Brian Schnick, Rosalie Skaar, Don Anderson, Jon Demong, Leo Duffield, Dan Horton, William Steinkjer, Jarle VanMaaren, Chris TI Rotenone Use in Fish Management and Parkinson's Disease: Another Look SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RATS; SYSTEM; MICE C1 [Finlayson, Brian] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Camino, CA 95709 USA. [Schnick, Rosalie] Michigan State Univ, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Schnick, Rosalie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Skaar, Don] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Anderson, Jon] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Demong, Leo] New York Dept Environm Conservat, Vermontville, NY 12989 USA. [Duffield, Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Horton, William] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Steinkjer, Jarle] Norwegian Directorate Nat Management, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [VanMaaren, Chris] New York Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. EM briankarefinlayson@att.net NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT PY 2012 VL 37 IS 10 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.723963 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 022VO UT WOS:000309992300006 ER PT J AU Polgari, M Hein, JR Toth, AL Pal-Molnar, E Vigh, T Biro, L Fintor, K AF Polgari, Marta Hein, J. R. Toth, A. L. Pal-Molnar, E. Vigh, T. Biro, L. Fintor, K. TI Microbial action formed Jurassic Mn-carbonate ore deposit in only a few hundred years (Urkut, Hungary) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AFRICA; MATS; BACTERIAL AB The Urktit (Hungary) manganese (Mn) ore, hosted by Jurassic black shale, was studied using high-resolution mineralogical, microtextural, and chemical methods. Two independent superimposed biostructures were identified consisting of rhythmic laminations that provide important proxies for paleoenvironments and duration of ore formation. Millimeter-scale laminae reflect a depositional series of Fe-rich biomats, mineralized microbially produced sedimentary structures. These biomats formed at the sediment-water interface under dysoxic and neutral pH conditions by enzymatic Fe2+ oxidizing processes that may have developed on a daily to weekly growth cycle. The early diagenetic sedimentary ore is composed of Ca rhodochrosite, celadonite, and smectite, and also shows a 100-mu m-scale element oscillation that produces Mn(Ca)-rich and Si(Fe clay)-rich microlaminae. This microlamination may reflect a 10 h to daily rhythmicity produced by the growth of microbial communities. If true, then the giant Urktit ore deposit may have formed over hundreds of years, rather than hundreds of thousands of years as previously thought. C1 [Polgari, Marta] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Toth, A. L.] HAS, Res Inst Tech Phys & Mat Sci, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Pal-Molnar, E.; Biro, L.; Fintor, K.] Univ Szeged, Dept Mineral Geochem & Petrol, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary. [Vigh, T.] Mangan Ltd, H-8409 Urkut, Hungary. RP Polgari, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, Budaorsi Str 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. EM rodokrozit@gmail.com; jhein@usgs.gov FU NKTH-OTKA (National Office for Research and Technology, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund) [K 68992] FX We thank J. Gutzmer (Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany) for the opportunity for microscope study, T. Nemeth (Institute for Geochemical Research, Budapest) for X-ray diffraction measurements, and D. Fortin (University of Ottawa, Canada) for helpful comments. The study was supported by NKTH-OTKA (National Office for Research and Technology, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund) grant K 68992. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2012 VL 40 IS 10 BP 903 EP 906 DI 10.1130/G33304.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 022TG UT WOS:000309986100010 ER PT J AU Sleeter, BM Sohl, TL Bouchard, MA Reker, RR Soulard, CE Acevedo, W Griffith, GE Sleeter, RR Auch, RF Sayler, KL Prisley, S Zhu, ZL AF Sleeter, Benjamin M. Sohl, Terry L. Bouchard, Michelle A. Reker, Ryan R. Soulard, Christopher E. Acevedo, William Griffith, Glenn E. Sleeter, Rachel R. Auch, Roger F. Sayler, Kristi L. Prisley, Stephen Zhu, Zhiliang TI Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the conterminous United States: Utilizing the special report on emission scenarios at ecoregional scales SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Land cover; Change; Scenarios; IPCC; SRES; Downscaling; United States; Ecoregions ID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; SOCIOECONOMIC SCENARIOS; FUTURE SCENARIOS; SRES CLIMATE; EUROPE; MODEL; LANDSCAPES; DYNAMICS; STRATEGY AB Global environmental change scenarios have typically provided projections of land use and land cover for a relatively small number of regions or using a relatively coarse resolution spatial grid, and for only a few major sectors. The coarseness of global projections, in both spatial and thematic dimensions, often limits their direct utility at scales useful for environmental management. This paper describes methods to downscale projections of land-use and land-cover change from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Emission Scenarios to ecological regions of the conterminous United States, using an integrated assessment model, land-use histories, and expert knowledge. Downscaled projections span a wide range of future potential conditions across sixteen land use/land cover sectors and 84 ecological regions, and are logically consistent with both historical measurements and SRES characteristics. Results appear to provide a credible solution for connecting regionalized projections of land use and land cover with existing downscaled climate scenarios, under a common set of scenario-based socioeconomic assumptions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Soulard, Christopher E.; Sleeter, Rachel R.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sohl, Terry L.; Auch, Roger F.; Sayler, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Bouchard, Michelle A.; Reker, Ryan R.] US Geol Survey, ARTS, Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls Eros, SD USA. [Acevedo, William] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci EROS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Griffith, Glenn E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Prisley, Stephen] Virginia Tech Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Sleeter, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bsleeter@usgs.gov RI Reker, Ryan/G-4875-2016; OI Reker, Ryan/0000-0001-7524-0082; Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Bouchard, Michelle/0000-0002-6353-3491; Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-Use Change Research and Development program; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-Use Change Research and Development program and the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program. The authors thank Dave Theobald and Peter Claggett for providing constructive and insightful reviews of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 896 EP 914 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.03.008 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 020DD UT WOS:000309788000009 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE King, RA Szymanski, JA Pruitt, L AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. King, R. Andrew Szymanski, Jennifer A. Pruitt, Lori TI SPACE-TIME MODELS FOR A PANZOOTIC IN BATS, WITH A FOCUS ON THE ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Geomyces destructans; Indiana bat; mapping disease risk; mixed-effects logistic regression; Myotis socials; white-nose syndrome ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; MYOTIS-SODALIS; DISEASE; MORTALITY; HIBERNACULA; INTERFACE; COLONIES AB Knowledge of current trends of quickly spreading infectious wildlife diseases is vital to efficient and effective management. We developed space-time mixed-effects logistic regressions to characterize a disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS), quickly spreading among endangered Indiana bats (Myotis socials) in eastern North America. Our goal was to calculate and map the risk probability faced by uninfected colonies of hibernating Indiana bats. Model covariates included annual distance from and direction to nearest sources of infection, geolocational information, size of the Indiana bat populations within each wintering population, and total annual size of populations known or suspected to be affected by WNS. We considered temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal formulae through the use of random effects for year, complex (a collection of interacting hibernacula), and yearXcomplex. Since first documented in 2006, WNS has spread across much of the range of the Indiana bat. No sizeable wintering population now occurs outside of the migrational distance of an infected source. Annual rates of newly affected wintering Indiana bat populations between winter 2007 to 2008 and 2010 to 2011 were 4, 6, 8, and 12%; this rate increased each year at a rate of 3%. If this increasing rate of newly affected populations continues, all wintering populations may be affected by 2016. Our models indicated the probability of a wintering population exhibiting infection was a linear function of proximity to affected Indiana bat populations and size of the at-risk population. Geographic location was also important, suggesting broad-scale influences. For every 50-km increase in distance from a WNS-affected population, risk of disease declined by 6% (95% CI=5.2-5.7%); for ever), increase of 1,000 Indiana bats, there was an 8% (95% CI=1-21%) increase in disease risk. The increasing rate of infection seems to be associated with the movement of this disease into the core of the Indiana bat range. Our spatially explicit estimates of disease risk may aid managers in prioritizing surveillance and management for wintering populations of Indiana bats and help understand the risk faced by other hibernating bat species. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [King, R. Andrew; Pruitt, Lori] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, Endangered Species Program, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, US Fish & Wildlife Resource Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 53 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 876 EP 887 DI 10.7589/2011-06-176 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 020VV UT WOS:000309845600004 PM 23060489 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Berry, KH AF Jacobson, Elliott R. Berry, Kristin H. TI Mycoplasma testudineum in Free-ranging Desert Tortoises, Gopherus agassizii SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Desert tortoise; Gopherus agassizii; Mycoplasma agassizii; Mycoplasma testudineum; URTD ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE AB We performed clinico-pathological evaluations of 11 wild Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) from a translocation project in the central Mojave Desert, California, USA. Group 1 consisted of nine tortoises that were selected primarily due to serologic status, indicating exposure to Mycoplasma testudineum (seven) or both M. agassizii and M. testudineum (two), and secondarily due to clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). Group 2 consisted of two tortoises that were an for Mycoplasma and had no clinical signs of URTD, but did have other signs of illness. Of the Croup 1 tortoises, M. testudineum, but not M. agassizii, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and DNA fingerprinted from two tortoises. Using light microscopy, mild to severe pathologic changes were observed in one or more histologic sections of either one or both nasal cavities of each tortoise in Group 1. Our findings support a causal relationship between M. testudineum and URTD in desert tortoises. C1 [Jacobson, Elliott R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. RP Jacobson, ER (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jacobsone@ufl.edu FU The Department of the Army, Ft. Irwin, California, USA; US Geological Survey FX We thank L. Acosta, D. Lyle, K. Lucas, and J. Mack, for field assistance. B. Rideout and J. Simecka provided helpful reviews. The authors also thank A. Childress, D. Hall, S. Forness, L-W. Chang, P. Lewis, and C. Demas for technical assistance; and the Zoological Medicine Service and Veterinary Pathology Service, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, Florida, USA, for histopathology support and use of facilities. M. Brown and L. Wend land performed testing for exposure to and infection with Mycoplasma. J. Stevens identified aerobic microbes. The Department of the Army, Ft. Irwin, California, USA and the US Geological Survey funded this project. Tortoises were salvaged under permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game to the Department of the Army, Ft. Irwin. This project was approved as UF IACUC Protocol 200801375. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1063 EP 1068 DI 10.7589/2011-09-256 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 020VV UT WOS:000309845600025 PM 23060510 ER PT J AU Reed, SC Coe, KK Sparks, JP Housman, DC Zelikova, TJ Belnap, J AF Reed, Sasha C. Coe, Kirsten K. Sparks, Jed P. Housman, David C. Zelikova, Tamara J. Belnap, Jayne TI Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MOJAVE DESERT; PRECIPITATION PULSE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON; GRASSLAND; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; DROUGHT; CLIMATE AB Arid and semi-arid ecosystems cover similar to 40% of Earth's terrestrial surface(1), but we know little about how climate change will affect these widespread landscapes. Like many drylands, the Colorado Plateau in southwestern United States is predicted to experience elevated temperatures and alterations to the timing and amount of annual precipitation(2-4). We used a factorial warming and supplemental rainfall experiment on the Colorado Plateau to show that altered precipitation resulted in pronounced mortality of the widespread moss Syntrichia caninervis. Increased frequency of 1.2 mm summer rainfall events reduced moss cover from similar to 25% of total surface cover to <2% after only one growing season, whereas increased temperature had no effect. Laboratory measurements identified a physiological mechanism behind the mortality: small precipitation events caused a negative moss carbon balance, whereas larger events maintained net carbon uptake. Multiple metrics of nitrogen cycling were notably different with moss mortality and had significant implications for soil fertility. Mosses are important members in many dryland ecosystems and the community changes observed here reveal how subtle modifications to climate can affect ecosystem structure and function on unexpectedly short timescales. Moreover, mortality resulted from increased precipitation through smaller, more frequent events, underscoring the importance of precipitation event size and timing, and highlighting our inadequate understanding of relationships between climate and ecosystem function in drylands. C1 [Reed, Sasha C.; Zelikova, Tamara J.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Coe, Kirsten K.; Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Housman, David C.] Natl Training Ctr ITAM, Irwin, CA 92310 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov FU Office of Science (Office of Biological and Environmental Research) US Department of Energy Terrestrial Ecosystem Science programme; US Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (Office of Biological and Environmental Research) US Department of Energy Terrestrial Ecosystem Science programme and the US Geological Survey. We thank C. Cleveland and the University of Montana for access to biogeochemical facilities and office space. We are also indebted to the many field technicians that helped with the project, E. Grote for plot instrumentation and quality control, and D. Liptzin for help with statistical analyses. We are grateful to M. Bowker, M. Weintraub and T. Wertin for continents on a previous draft. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 30 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 2 IS 10 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1596 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024IY UT WOS:000310104100014 ER PT J AU Stucker, JH Buhl, DA Sherfy, MH AF Stucker, J. H. Buhl, D. A. Sherfy, M. H. TI EMERGENT SANDBAR CONSTRUCTION FOR LEAST TERNS ON THE MISSOURI RIVER: EFFECTS ON FORAGE FISHES IN SHALLOW-WATER HABITATS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish; forage; habitat; least tern; management; Missouri River; sandbar; shallow water ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; PATTERNS; USA; TRIBUTARIES; ABUNDANCE; NEBRASKA; DYNAMICS; DAKOTA; FLOW AB Emergent sandbars on the Missouri River are actively managed for two listed bird species, piping plovers and interior least terns. As a plunge-diving piscivore, endangered least terns rely on ready access to appropriately sized slender-bodied fish: <52?mm total length for adults and <34?mm total length for young chicks. As part of a multi-agency recovery programme, aimed at enhancing nesting habitat for plovers and terns, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers mechanically created several emergent sandbars on the Missouri River. However, it was unknown whether sandbar construction is a benefit or a detriment to forage abundance for least terns. Therefore, we studied the shallow-water (<1.5 m) fish community near river and mechanically created emergent sandbars during three nesting seasons (2006-2008). We sampled every 2?weeks each year from late May to July within 1516 areas to document the relative abundance, species richness and size classes of fish. Fish relative abundance was negatively related to depth. Catches were dominated by schooling species, including emerald shiner, sand shiner, spotfin shiner and bigmouth buffalo. Significant inter-annual differences in relative abundance were observed, with generally increasing trends in intra-seasonal relative abundance of shiners and the smallest size classes of fish (<34 mm). Significant differences in the fish communities between the sandbar types were not detected in this study. Results suggest that mechanical sandbar habitats host comparable fish communities at similar levels of relative abundance. Further analyses are required to evaluate if the levels of fish relative abundance are adequate to support least tern foraging and reproduction. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Stucker, J. H.; Buhl, D. A.; Sherfy, M. H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. RP Stucker, JH (reprint author), Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jstucker@usgs.gov FU USGS, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program FX Funding was provided by the USGS, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program. We thank the following individuals and groups: Missouri Department of Conservation, Open Rivers and Wetlands Field Station staff, R. Hrabik, D. Herzog and D. Ostendorf, for their early enthusiasm and assistance; S. Stukel, SD Game Fish and Parks; numerous USGS technicians who collected data for this study, particularly C. Dovichin, B. Skone, J. Campbell and M. Johnson; and specimen identification assistance by A. Simons, Bell Museum of Natural History at the University of Minnesota. This manuscript benefitted from discussions among members of the Missouri River research team at Northern Prairie, University of Minnesota Conservation Biology Graduate Program faculty and comments provided on earlier drafts by F. Cuthbert, J. Hatch, A. Harwood, D. Simpkins and three anonymous reviewers. All research activities were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and were authorized under appropriate state and federal permits. Use of trade names is for informational purposes only and does not imply U.S. Government endorsement. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1254 EP 1265 DI 10.1002/rra.1525 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 017NC UT WOS:000309595700016 ER PT J AU Ray, AM Hamilton, A Aquino, C Litts, JC AF Ray, Andrew M. Hamilton, Andy Aquino, Chelsea Litts, James C. TI Using Vegetative Nutrient Stocks to Compare Restored and Reference Wetlands in the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Nutrient stocks; Tissue nutrients; Aboveground biomass; Nutrient ratios; Upper Klamath Lake ID CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; LAKE; RESTORATION; PHOSPHORUS; LIMITATION; SUCCESS; USA; ACCUMULATION; PERSPECTIVES; RETENTION AB Vegetative diversity metrics are often used to characterize wetland restoration success. Here we examine whether other important vegetative traits (nutrient standing stocks and tissue nutrient concentrations) can improve our understanding of the structure of restored and reference wetlands and aid in the assessment of functional equivalency. We focus on wetlands of the Upper Klamath Basin (UKB), Oregon because this basin supports a mosaic of remnant, restored, and degraded wetlands dominated by a limited number of common emergent plant species. We summarize nutrient standing stocks using 11 growth limiting micro- and macronutrients present in aboveground tissues of three emergent plant species. We show that interspecific variation in nutrient standing stocks and tissue nutrient concentrations was high and greater than inter-site differences. Interspecific variation for nitrogen standing stocks was 3X larger than inter-site variation. Although less common, inter-site differences in nutrient standing stocks and tissue nutrient concentrations were detected and tissue phosphorus concentrations in a recently restored wetland were nearly twice those of a reference wetland; corresponding levels of aboveground biomass in this wetland were not detected. Our detection of elevated phosphorus in the vegetation of a recently restored wetland is consistent with predictions from both experimental and observational work in UKB and demonstrates that nutrient standing stocks provide important clues about the fate and retention of nutrients in restoration wetlands. Importantly, we show that these vegetative attributes also provide a measure of functional equivalency that is rarely used in the assessment of restoration success. C1 [Ray, Andrew M.; Aquino, Chelsea] Oregon Inst Technol, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Hamilton, Andy] US Bur Land Management, Klamath Falls Resource Area, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Litts, James C.] Klamath Wetland Educ & Res Inst, Chiloquin, OR 97624 USA. RP Ray, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM aray@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation [R10AP20603, 08FG200155]; U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (R10AP20603 and 08FG200155 to AMR) and U.S. Bureau of Land Management providing funding for this work. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy of Oregon provided access to field sites and logistical support. We would especially like to thank C. Doehring, C. Fujishin, H. Hendrixson, C. Erdman, and S. Wong for help in the field. We thank R. Inouye, S. Wong, H. Ray, and H. Hendrixson for their thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 827 EP 839 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0313-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024CK UT WOS:000310085100004 ER PT J AU Stafford, JD Eichholz, MW Phillips, AC AF Stafford, Joshua D. Eichholz, Michael W. Phillips, Adam C. TI Impacts of Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Illinois River Valley Backwaters SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Competition; Degradation; Exotic species; Foraging; Wetlands ID GREAT-LAKES; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; PONDWEED SYSTEM; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GROWTH; INTRODUCTIONS; MACROPHYTES; POPULATION AB Wetland loss in North America has been considerable and well documented, and the establishment of exotic species in remaining wetlands can further reduce their ability to support native flora and fauna. In the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes ecosystems, exotic mute swans (Cygnus olor) have been found to negatively impact wetlands through degradation of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities. Mute swan populations have expanded into many areas of mid-continental North America outside the Great Lakes ecosystem, but the environmental impact of these populations is not well known. Mid-continental wetlands in North America differ in physical characteristics (e.g., size, depth, and permanency) and aquatic vegetation species composition compared to wetlands in other areas where mute swans have been studied and, thus, may be more or less susceptible to degradation from swan herbivory. To investigate the impact of mute swan herbivory on SAV communities in mid-continent wetlands, we used exclosures to prevent swans from foraging in 2 wetland complexes in central Illinois. Above-ground biomass of vegetation did not differ between exclosures and controls; however, mean below-ground biomass was greater in exclosures (52.0 g/m(2), SE = 6.0) than in controls (34.4 g/m(2) SE = 4.0). Thus, although swan densities were lower in our study region compared to that of previous studies, we observed potentially detrimental impacts of swan herbivory on below-ground biomass of SAV. Our results indicate that both above-ground and below-ground impacts of herbivory should be monitored, and below-ground biomass may be most sensitive to swan foraging. C1 [Stafford, Joshua D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Eichholz, Michael W.; Phillips, Adam C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM joshua.stafford@sdstate.edu RI Stafford, Joshua/H-4039-2011 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration program administered through the IDNR [W-153-R] FX We thank the following IDNR employees who assisted in the design and implementation of this project: D. Holm, J. Buhnerkempe, R. Marshalla, B. Douglass, and S. Weimer. A. Janke created the figure. Funding was through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration program administered through the IDNR (project W-153-R). S. Badzinski provided helpful comments on a previous draft of this manuscript, and A. Janke helped create figures. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0316-6 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024CK UT WOS:000310085100006 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ Dinsmore, SJ AF Pearse, Aaron T. Kaminski, Richard M. Reinecke, Kenneth J. Dinsmore, Stephen J. TI Local and Landscape Associations Between Wintering Dabbling Ducks and Wetland Complexes in Mississippi SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Anatidae; Landscape; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; Wetland complex; Winter ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; FLOODED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; COASTAL WET MEADOWS; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; HUNTING DISTURBANCE; RICE FIELDS; HABITAT USE; SPRING MIGRATION; FEEDING ECOLOGY; VISIBILITY BIAS AB Landscape features influence distribution of waterbirds throughout their annual cycle. A conceptual model, the wetland habitat complex, may be useful in conservation of wetland habitats for dabbling ducks (Anatini). The foundation of this conceptual model is that ducks seek complexes of wetlands containing diverse resources to meet dynamic physiological needs. We included flooded croplands, wetlands and ponds, public-land waterfowl sanctuary, and diversity of habitats as key components of wetland habitat complexes and compared their relative influence at two spatial scales (i.e., local, 0.25-km radius; landscape, 4-km) on dabbling ducks wintering in western Mississippi, USA during winters 2002-2004. Distribution of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) groups was positively associated with flooded cropland at local and landscape scales. Models representing flooded croplands at the landscape scale best explained occurrence of other dabbling ducks. Habitat complexity measured at both scales best explained group size of other dabbling ducks. Flooded croplands likely provided food that had decreased in availability due to conversion of wetlands to agriculture. Wetland complexes at landscape scales were more attractive to wintering ducks than single or structurally simple wetlands. Conservation of wetland complexes at large spatial scales (a parts per thousand yen5,000 ha) on public and private lands will require coordination among multiple stakeholders. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Kaminski, Richard M.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, MD 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks; state's migratory bird stamp program; Anderson-Tully Company; Delta Wildlife; Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University; Ducks Unlimited, Inc., Southern Regional Office; Jack H. Berryman Institute; Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [74]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center FX The Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks was our primary sponsor with funding from the state's migratory bird stamp program. Other sponsors providing financial and logistical support included the Anderson-Tully Company; Delta Wildlife; Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University; Ducks Unlimited, Inc., Southern Regional Office; Jack H. Berryman Institute; Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Research Work Order 74); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center; and the Science Support Program jointly administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey. We thank A. Nygren for expert pilot services and P. Gerard and S. Riffell for statistical advice. J. Anderson, M. Guillemain, and anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments for this manuscript. Our manuscript was approved for publication as Mississippi State University-Forest and Wildlife Research Center Journal Article WF-356. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0317-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024CK UT WOS:000310085100007 ER PT J AU Hunt, AG Darrah, TH Poreda, RJ AF Hunt, Andrew G. Darrah, Thomas H. Poreda, Robert J. TI Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: A northern Appalachian Basin case study SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; PANNONIAN BASIN; ARGON ISOTOPES; FORELAND BASIN AB Silurian and Devonian natural gas reservoirs present within New York state represent an example of unconventional gas accumulations within the northern Appalachian Basin. These unconventional energy resources, previously thought to be noneconomically viable, have come into play following advances in drilling (i.e., horizontal drilling) and extraction (i.e., hydraulic fracturing) capabilities. Therefore, efforts to understand these and other domestic and global natural gas reserves have recently increased. The suspicion of fugitive mass migration issues within current Appalachian production fields has catalyzed the need to develop a greater understanding of the genetic grouping (source) and migrational history of natural gases in this area. We introduce new noble gas data in the context of published hydrocarbon carbon (C-1, C2+) (delta C-13) data to explore the genesis of thermogenic gases in the Appalachian Basin. This study includes natural gases from two distinct genetic groups: group 1, Upper Devonian (Marcellus shale and Canadaway Group) gases generated in situ, characterized by early mature (Delta C-13[(c1) (-) (c2)][delta(13)c(1) - delta C-13(2)]: <-9 parts per thousand), isotopically light methane, with low (He-4) (average, 1 x 10(-3) cc/cc) elevated and He-4/Ar-40* and Ne-21*/Ar-40* (where the asterisk denotes excess radiogenic or nucleogenic production beyond the atmospheric ratio), and a variable, atmospherically (air-saturated-water) derived noble gas component; and group 2, a migratory natural gas that emanated from Lower Ordovician source rocks (i.e., most likely, Middle Ordovician Trenton or Black River group) that is currently hosted primarily in Lower Silurian sands (i.e., Medina or Clinton group) characterized by isotopically heavy, mature methane (Delta C-13([C1) (-) (C2)] [delta C-13(1) - delta C-13(2)]: >3 parts per thousand), with high (He-4) (average, 1.85 x 10(-3) cc/cc) He-4/Ar-40* and Ne-21*/Ar-40* near crustal production levels and elevated crustal noble gas content (enriched He-4, Ne-21*, Ar-40*). Because the release of each crustal noble gas (i.e., He, Ne, Ar) from mineral grains in the shale matrix is regulated by temperature, natural gases obtain and retain a record of the thermal conditions of the source rock. Therefore, noble gases constitute a valuable technique for distinguishing the genetic source and post-genetic processes of natural gases. C1 [Hunt, Andrew G.; Darrah, Thomas H.; Poreda, Robert J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY USA. [Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Hunt, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Noble Gas Lab, MS 963, Denver, CO USA. EM ahunt@usgs.gov; thomas.darrah@duke.edu; poreda@earth.rochester.edu RI Darrah, Tom/I-2253-2016 NR 99 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 122 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1785 EP 1811 DI 10.1306/03161211093 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 017CK UT WOS:000309567500001 ER PT J AU Surono Jousset, P Pallister, J Boichu, M Buongiorno, MF Budisantoso, A Costa, F Andreastuti, S Prata, F Schneider, D Clarisse, L Humaida, H Sumarti, S Bignami, C Griswold, J Carn, S Oppenheimer, C Lavigne, F AF Surono Jousset, Philippe Pallister, John Boichu, Marie Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia Budisantoso, Agus Costa, Fidel Andreastuti, Supriyati Prata, Fred Schneider, David Clarisse, Lieven Humaida, Hanik Sumarti, Sri Bignami, Christian Griswold, Julie Carn, Simon Oppenheimer, Clive Lavigne, Franck TI The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano-A '100-year' event SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Merapi; Gas emissions; Satellite imagery; Volcano-seismology; Deformation; Petrology; International collaboration ID SEISMIC EXPERIMENT; INDONESIA; MAGMA; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; ASCENT; CLOUD; SO2; CO2; SURVEILLANCE AB Merapi volcano (Indonesia) is one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in the world. It is known for frequent small to moderate eruptions, pyroclastic flows produced by lava dome collapse, and the large population settled on and around the flanks of the volcano that is at risk. Its usual behavior for the last decades abruptly changed in late October and early November 2010, when the volcano produced its largest and most explosive eruptions in more than a century, displacing at least a third of a million people, and claiming nearly 400 lives. Despite the challenges involved in forecasting this 'hundred year eruption', we show that the magnitude of precursory signals (seismicity, ground deformation, gas emissions) was proportional to the large size and intensity of the eruption. In addition and for the first time, near-real-time satellite radar imagery played an equal role with seismic, geodetic, and gas observations in monitoring eruptive activity during a major volcanic crisis. The Indonesian Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) issued timely forecasts of the magnitude of the eruption phases, saving 10,000-20,000 lives. In addition to reporting on aspects of the crisis management, we report the first synthesis of scientific observations of the eruption. Our monitoring and petrologic data show that the 2010 eruption was fed by rapid ascent of magma from depths ranging from 5 to 30 km. Magma reached the surface with variable gas content resulting in alternating explosive and rapid effusive eruptions, and released a total of similar to 0.44Tg of SO2. The eruptive behavior seems also related to the seismicity along a tectonic fault more than 40 km from the volcano, highlighting both the complex stress pattern of the Merapi region of Java and the role of magmatic pressurization in activating regional faults. We suggest a dynamic triggering of the main explosions on 3 and 4 November by the passing seismic waves generated by regional earthquakes on these days. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Surono; Andreastuti, Supriyati] Ctr Volcanol & Geol Hazard Mitigat, Bandung 40122, Indonesia. [Jousset, Philippe] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. [Pallister, John; Griswold, Julie] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. [Boichu, Marie; Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia; Bignami, Christian] Isituto Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Budisantoso, Agus; Humaida, Hanik; Sumarti, Sri] BPPTK, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia. [Budisantoso, Agus] Univ Savoie, CNRS, ISTerre, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Costa, Fidel] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Prata, Fred] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Climate & Atmosphere Dept, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Schneider, David] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Clarisse, Lieven] Univ Libre Bruxelle, Unite Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Carn, Simon] MTU Dept Geol Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Oppenheimer, Clive] Inst Adv Studies, Orleans, France. [Oppenheimer, Clive] Inst Adv Studies, Tours, France. [Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Orleans, Inst Sci Terre Orleans, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Lavigne, Franck] Lab Geog Phys, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Jousset, P (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM surono@vsi.esdm.go.id; pjousset@gfz-potsdam.de; jpallist@usgs.gov; mboichu@lmd.polytechnique.fr; fabrizia.buongiorno@ingv.it; agusbudisantoso@yahoo.com; fcosta@ntu.edu.sg; andreastuti@vsi.esdm.go.id; fred.prata@nilu.no; djschneider@usgs.gov; Lieven.Clarisse@ulb.ac.be; hanik_bpptk@yahoo.co.id; merapi_bpptk@yahoo.com; christian.bignami@ingv.it; griswold@usgs.gov; scarn@mtu.edu; co200@cam.ac.uk; franck.lavigne@univ-paris1.fr RI Costa, Fidel/B-7035-2011; Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013 OI Bignami, Christian/0000-0002-8632-9979; Costa, Fidel/0000-0002-1409-5325; Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260 FU European Commission [NNX09AJ40G, NNX10AG60G]; UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NERC) [NE/F001487/1] FX We all acknowledge efforts of BPPTK staff for their careful monitoring of Gunung Merapi for many years. S. and P.J. acknowledge discussions with Pierre Thierry, Amelie Vagner, Gonery Le Cozannet, Jean-Philippe Metaxian, and Philippe Lesage. Hendra Gunawan (CVGHM) contributed to P.J.'s smooth stay while in Yogyakarta. S. and J.P. acknowledge the support of USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program for collaborative work in Indonesia. J.P. also thanks the U.S. Embassy and USAID mission in Jakarta for their assistance and support, as well as colleagues in the USGS Advanced Systems Center and Alaska Volcano Observatory for their remote sensing support. J.P., D.S., and J.G. especially thank USGS colleagues Ron Keeler, Chris Noyles, Bill Burton, Michele Combs, Tina Neal and Brenda Jones for their support. L.C. is a Postdoctoral Researcher with F.R.S.-FNRS. Indy Pratomo provided ash samples for rock analysis. P. J. acknowledges the French Embassy in Jakarta for the support for the mission extension during the eruption. P.J. is also grateful to Marie Le Sourd (Lembaga Indonesia Perancis), Adrien Picquout and Valerie Diard for their strong support in Yogyakarta, and many BRGM colleagues for remote support and advices. We thank Cynthia Werner, William Scott, Marcello De Michele, John Evert, Ulrich Wegler and an anonymous reviewer for their careful reviews of the manuscript, which improved it. S., P.J., A.B., M.B., F.B., F.P., H. H., S. S. F.L. and CO. thank the European MIAVITA project for financial support The MIAVITA project is financed by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, Area "Environment", Activity 6.1 "Climate Change, Pollution and Risks". TerraSAR-X data were provided by the German Space Agency and RADARSAT and GeoEye data were provided through the International Charter for Space and Major Disasters. ASTER images obtained via collaboration between NASA JPL and INGV. The SAFER project financed by the European Commission provided SAR images. S.C. acknowledges NASA support (award nos. NNX09AJ40G and NNX10AG60G) for OMI SO2 data analysis. C.O. additionally acknowledges support via the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NERC NE/F001487/1 "Dynamic Earth and Geohazards" theme: http://comet.nerc.ac.uk/). NR 80 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 241 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.018 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 020BK UT WOS:000309783400009 ER PT J AU Brown, LR May, JT Rehn, AC Ode, PR Waite, IR Kennen, JG AF Brown, Larry R. May, Jason T. Rehn, Andrew C. Ode, Peter R. Waite, Ian R. Kennen, Jonathan G. TI Predicting biological condition in southern California streams SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression trees; Multiple linear regression; Southern California; Urbanization; Index of biotic integrity; Macroinvertebrates ID 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; LAND-USE; REGRESSION TREES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; URBAN; MODELS; CLASSIFICATION; ASSESSMENTS; PATTERNS AB As understanding of the complex relations among environmental stressors and biological responses improves, a logical next step is predictive modeling of biological condition at unsampled sites. We developed a boosted regression tree (BRT) model of biological condition, as measured by a benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (BIBI), for streams in urbanized Southern Coastal California. We also developed a multiple linear regression (MLR) model as a benchmark for comparison with the BRT model. The BRT model explained 66% of the variance in B-IBI, identifying watershed population density and combined percentage agricultural and urban land cover in the riparian buffer as the most important predictors of B-IBI, but with watershed mean precipitation and watershed density of manmade channels also important. The MLR model explained 48% of the variance in B-IBI and included watershed population density and combined percentage agricultural and urban land cover in the riparian buffer. For a verification data set, the BRT model correctly classified 75% of impaired sites (B-IBI <40) and 78% of unimpaired sites (B-IBI >= 40). For the same verification data set, the MLR model correctly classified 69% of impaired sites and 87% of unimpaired sites. The BRT model should not be used to predict B-IBI for specific sites; however, the model can be useful for general applications such as identifying and prioritizing regions for monitoring, remediation or preservation, stratifying new bioassessments according to anticipated biological condition, or assessing the potential for change in stream biological condition based on anticipated changes in population density and development in stream buffers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, Larry R.; May, Jason T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rehn, Andrew C.; Ode, Peter R.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Water Pollut Control Lab, Aquat Bioassessment Lab, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov; jasonmay@usgs.gov; arehn@ospr.dfg.ca.gov; pode@ospr.dfg.ca.gov; iwaite@usgs.gov; jgkennen@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.07.009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 017UI UT WOS:000309616100003 ER PT J AU Rovai, AS Soriano-Sierra, EJ Pagliosa, PR Cintron, G Schaeffer-Novelli, Y Menghini, RP Coelho, C Horta, PA Lewis, RR Simonassi, JC Alves, JAA Boscatto, F Dutra, SJ AF Rovai, Andre Scarlate Soriano-Sierra, Eduardo Juan Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto Cintron, Gilberto Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara Menghini, Ricardo Palamar Coelho-, Clemente, Jr. Horta, Paulo Antunes Lewis, Roy R., III Simonassi, Jose Carlos Andrade Alves, Jonatha Alexandre Boscatto, Flavio Dutra, Sebastiao Jose TI Secondary succession impairment in restored mangroves SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mangrove restoration; Structural development; Ecosystem functionality; Residual stressors; Mangrove planting ID FORESTS; RESTORATION; SEDIMENTS; REHABILITATION; PHILIPPINES; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; STATE AB In this work it was hypothesized that secondary succession on sites that have been managed by single planting of mangrove species is compromised by residual stressors, which could reduce the ecosystem's structural development and lower its functions. Forest structure and environmental characteristics of three planted mangrove stands are compared with reference sites. Structural attributes showed significant differences in the comparison of planted and reference stands. Avicennia schaueriana was the dominant species within both natural regeneration and old-growth stands in terms of basal area (99.2 and 99.4 %, 69.6 and 84.5 %, and 59.0 and 87.1 % for Itacorubi, Saco Grande, and Ratones, respectively). Restoration stands were dominated by Laguncularia racemosa (80.6 and 94.2 % for Saco Grande and Ratones, respectively), except at one site (Itacorubi), where A. schaueriana prevailed (99.7 %). Even though restoration and regeneration stands at Itacorubi showed similar species composition and dominance, cohort sorting revealed an inferior regeneration potential in the restoration stand. Multiple correlation analysis indicated that variables related to elevation disruptions (p (w) = 0.521) were the environmental drivers responsible for the differences observed in forest structure. At restoration sites an impaired pattern of secondary succession was observed, indicating that single species plantings may be ineffective if characteristics of the site, as well as of the area surrounding it, are not considered. The inadequate management of restoration sites can therefore have implications for both immediate and long-term large-scale ecosystem services. C1 [Rovai, Andre Scarlate; Soriano-Sierra, Eduardo Juan] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Geosci, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Cintron, Gilberto] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara] Univ Sao Paulo, Oceanog Inst, BR-05058000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Menghini, Ricardo Palamar] Paulista Univ UNIP, Inst Hlth Sci, BR-01533000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Coelho-, Clemente, Jr.] Univ Pernambuco UPE, Dept Biol Sci, BR-52041050 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Boscatto, Flavio] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Civil Engn, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Andrade Alves, Jonatha Alexandre] Meio Biot Environm Serv, BR-88037100 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Simonassi, Jose Carlos; Dutra, Sebastiao Jose] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Nucleo Estudos Mar, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Lewis, Roy R., III] Lewis Environm Serv Inc, Salt Springs, FL 32134 USA. [Horta, Paulo Antunes] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Bot, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Rovai, AS (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, Campus Univ, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM asrovai@gmail.com RI Horta, Paulo/E-5236-2013; Horta, Paulo/L-3092-2015; Pagliosa, Paulo/E-1948-2013 OI Pagliosa, Paulo/0000-0003-0834-2534 FU Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES); National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) FX We are thankful to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) and to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for having supported this research. We are also thankful to the staff of Carijos Ecological Station, managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), for logistic support and site access permission. The first author is especially grateful to Mr. Roy "Robin" Lewis III and associates for facilitating his participation in the ninth teaching (Hollywood, FL, March 2011) of the Mangrove Forest Ecology, Management and Restoration Training Program, which contributed greatly to the development of the ideas discussed here. We must also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable contributions. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 20 IS 5 BP 447 EP 459 DI 10.1007/s11273-012-9269-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 018RZ UT WOS:000309681600007 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP John, JG Adcroft, AJ Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Cooke, W Dunne, KA Harrison, MJ Krasting, JP Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Phillipps, PJ Sentman, LT Samuels, BL Spelman, MJ Winton, M Wittenberg, AT Zadeh, N AF Dunne, John P. John, Jasmin G. Adcroft, Alistair J. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Cooke, William Dunne, Krista A. Harrison, Matthew J. Krasting, John P. Malyshev, Sergey L. Milly, P. C. D. Phillipps, Peter J. Sentman, Lori T. Samuels, Bonita L. Spelman, Michael J. Winton, Michael Wittenberg, Andrew T. Zadeh, Niki TI GFDL's ESM2 Global Coupled Climate-Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; WORLD OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; TRACER TRANSPORTS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; Z-COORDINATE AB The physical climate formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models, ESM2M and ESM2G, are described. These models demonstrate similar climate fidelity as the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's previous Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) while incorporating explicit and consistent carbon dynamics. The two models differ exclusively in the physical ocean component; ESM2M uses Modular Ocean Model version 4p1 with vertical pressure layers while ESM2G uses Generalized Ocean Layer Dynamics with a bulk mixed layer and interior isopycnal layers. Differences in the ocean mean state include the thermocline depth being relatively deep in ESM2M and relatively shallow in ESM2G compared to observations. The crucial role of ocean dynamics on climate variability is highlighted in El Nino-Southern Oscillation being overly strong in ESM2M and overly weak in ESM2G relative to observations. Thus, while ESM2G might better represent climate changes relating to total heat content variability given its lack of long-term drift, gyre circulation, and ventilation in the North Pacific, tropical Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and depth structure in the overturning and abyssal flows, ESM2M might better represent climate changes relating to surface circulation given its superior surface temperature, salinity, and height patterns, tropical Pacific circulation and variability, and Southern Ocean dynamics. The overall assessment is that neither model is fundamentally superior to the other, and that both models achieve sufficient fidelity to allow meaningful climate and earth system modeling applications. This affords the ability to assess the role of ocean configuration on earth system interactions in the context of two state-of-the-art coupled carbon-climate models. C1 [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Dunne, Krista A.; Harrison, Matthew J.; Krasting, John P.; Milly, P. C. D.; Phillipps, Peter J.; Sentman, Lori T.; Samuels, Bonita L.; Winton, Michael; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Adcroft, Alistair J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cooke, William; Krasting, John P.; Spelman, Michael J.; Zadeh, Niki] DRC, High Performance Technol Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Dunne, Krista A.; Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd,,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.dunne@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Zadeh, Niki/F-4532-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 91 TC 243 Z9 247 U1 5 U2 83 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 19 BP 6646 EP 6665 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00560.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018IO UT WOS:000309653800013 ER PT J AU Hernandez, SM Keel, K Sanchez, S Trees, E Gerner-Smidt, P Adams, JK Cheng, Y Ray, A Martin, G Presotto, A Ruder, MG Brown, J Blehert, DS Cottrell, W Maurer, JJ AF Hernandez, Sonia M. Keel, Kevin Sanchez, Susan Trees, Eija Gerner-Smidt, Peter Adams, Jennifer K. Cheng, Ying Ray, Al, III Martin, Gordon Presotto, Andrea Ruder, Mark G. Brown, Justin Blehert, David S. Cottrell, Walter Maurer, John J. TI Epidemiology of a Salmonella enterica subsp enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain Associated with a Songbird Outbreak SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; WILD BIRDS; AVIAN WILDLIFE; SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND; INFECTIONS; PULSENET; NORWAY; GASTROENTERITIS AB Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium is responsible for the majority of salmonellosis cases worldwide. This Salmonella serovar is also responsible for die-offs in songbird populations. In 2009, there was an S. Typhimurium epizootic reported in pine siskins in the eastern United States. At the time, there was also a human outbreak with this serovar that was associated with contaminated peanuts. As peanuts are also used in wild-bird food, it was hypothesized that the pine siskin epizootic was related to this human outbreak. A comparison of songbird and human S. Typhimurium pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns revealed that the epizootic was attributed not to the peanut-associated strain but, rather, to a songbird strain first characterized from an American goldfinch in 1998. This same S. Typhimurium strain (PFGE type A3) was also identified in the PulseNet USA database, accounting for 137 of 77,941 total S. Typhimurium PFGE entries. A second molecular typing method, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), confirmed that the same strain was responsible for the pine siskin epizootic in the eastern United States but was distinct from a genetically related strain isolated from pine siskins in Minnesota. The pine siskin A3 strain was first encountered in May 2008 in an American goldfinch and later in a northern cardinal at the start of the pine siskin epizootic. MLVA also confirmed the clonal nature of S. Typhimurium in songbirds and established that the pine siskin epizootic strain was unique to the finch family. For 2009, the distribution of PFGE type A3 in passerines and humans mirrored the highest population density of pine siskins for the East Coast. C1 [Hernandez, Sonia M.; Keel, Kevin; Cheng, Ying; Ray, Al, III; Ruder, Mark G.; Brown, Justin; Maurer, John J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanchez, Susan] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Martin, Gordon] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Presotto, Andrea] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Trees, Eija; Gerner-Smidt, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adams, Jennifer K.] Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Cottrell, Walter] Penn Game Commiss, University Pk, PA USA. RP Maurer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jmaurer@uga.edu FU NIH [1R15A1089565-01]; USDA NRICGP [2005-01378, 2001-96130032-CA]; Veterinary Services; APHIS; USDA [01ERAG0013]; United States Geological Survey; USDOI; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Alabama; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Arkansas; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Florida; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Georgia; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Kentucky; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Kansas; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Louisiana; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Maryland; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Mississippi; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Missouri; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of North Carolina; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Ohio; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Puerto Rico; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of South Carolina; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Tennessee; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of Virginia; SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agency of West Virginia; Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act [50 Stat. 917] FX This work was supported by NIH grant 1R15A1089565-01, USDA NRICGP 2005-01378, cooperative agreement no. 2001-96130032-CA, Veterinary Services, APHIS, USDA, cooperative agreement no. 01ERAG0013, United States Geological Survey, USDOI, and sponsorship of the SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Support from the states to the SCWDS was provided in part by the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917). NR 40 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 78 IS 20 BP 7290 EP 7298 DI 10.1128/AEM.01408-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 013TL UT WOS:000309328700014 PM 22885752 ER PT J AU Champ, JG Brooks, JJ Williams, DR AF Champ, Joseph G. Brooks, Jeffrey J. Williams, Daniel R. TI Stakeholder Understandings of Wildfire Mitigation: A Case of Shared and Contested Meanings SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Circuit of Culture; Communication; Community; Frames of reference; Fuels reduction; Partnerships; Qualitative methods; Science; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT; FUELS MANAGEMENT; DEFENSIBLE SPACE; PUBLIC-RELATIONS; BUSHFIRE RISK; FIRE; COMMUNICATION AB This article identifies and compares meanings of wildfire risk mitigation for stakeholders in the Front Range of Colorado, USA. We examine the case of a collaborative partnership sponsored by government agencies and directed to decrease hazardous fuels in interface areas. Data were collected by way of key informant interviews and focus groups. The analysis is guided by the Circuit of Culture model in communication research. We found both shared and differing meanings between members of this partnership (the "producers") and other stakeholders not formally in the partnership (the "consumers"). We conclude that those promoting the partnership's project to mitigate risk are primarily aligned with a discourse of scientific management. Stakeholders outside the partnership follow a discourse of community. We argue that failure to recognize and account for differences in the way risk mitigation is framed and related power dynamics could hamper the communicational efforts of the collaborative partnership and impact goals for fuels reduction. We recommend ways that both groups can capitalize on shared meanings and how agency managers and decision makers can build better working relationships with interface communities and other external stakeholders. C1 [Champ, Joseph G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brooks, Jeffrey J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Conservat Planning & Policy, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Williams, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Champ, JG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, Campus Delivery 1785 C-215 Clark Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM joseph.champ@colostate.edu RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 FU United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 581 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9914-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 004AP UT WOS:000308652800007 PM 22885875 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Nix, A Laborde, L Piazza, BP AF La Peyre, Megan K. Nix, Ashby Laborde, Luke Piazza, Bryan P. TI Gauging state-level and user group views of oyster reef restoration activities in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS; HABITAT DEGRADATION; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MARINE RESERVES; SCIENCE; CONSERVATION AB Successful oyster reef restoration, like many conservation challenges, requires not only biological understanding of the resource, but also stakeholder cooperation and political support. To measure perceptions of oyster reef restoration activities and priorities for future restoration along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast, a survey of 1500 individuals representing 4 user groups (oyster harvesters, shrimpers, environmental organization members, professionals), across 5 states (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida) was conducted in 2011. All respondents highly supported reef restoration efforts, but there was a dichotomy in preferred restoration goals with commercial fishermen more likely to support oyster reef restoration for stock enhancement, while professionals and environmental organization members were more likely to support oyster reef restoration to enhance ecosystem services. All user groups identified enforcement, funding, and appropriate site selection as basic requirements for successful reef restoration. For management of restored oyster reefs, oyster harvesters and shrimpers were less likely to support options that restricted the use of reefs, including gear restrictions and permanent closures, but did support rotating annual reef closures, while other stakeholders were willing to consider all options, including annual reef closures and sanctuary reefs. Overall, there were clear differences in management and communication preferences across user groups, but few differences across states. Understanding these key differences in stakeholder support for, and willingness to accept specific management actions is critical in moving management and restoration forward while minimizing conflict. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.; Nix, Ashby; Laborde, Luke] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Piazza, Bryan P.] Nature Conservancy, Louisiana Field Off, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Chapter of The Nature Conservancy from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX This work was funded by the Louisiana Chapter of The Nature Conservancy through a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Development of the survey was aided by discussions with Dr. Margaret Reams, Dr. Mike Wascom,Dr. Craig Miller and Richard Martin and led by E. Ashby Nix and Lucien Laborde. Comments and discussion with Dr. Rex Caffey significantly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank all the Gulf state marine resource agencies, and Don McDowell who helped with mailing and contact information. Michelle Savolainen, Katie Bowers, Paul Ramirez and Greg O'Dell provided assistance with survey implementation. Katie Bowers, Steve Beck, Daniel Harris, Danielle LaRock, Mike Murphy, Laura Geselbracht, Jeff DeQuattro, Judy Haner, Setch Blitch and Andrew Tweel all provided helpful comments on early versions of the survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 67 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.06.001 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 014MK UT WOS:000309379700001 ER PT J AU Falcone, JA Homer, CG AF Falcone, James A. Homer, Collin G. TI Generation of a U.S. National Urban Land-Use Product SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER; ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATION; COMPLETION; IMAGERY AB Characterization of urban land uses is essential for many applications. However, differentiating among thematically-detailed urban land uses (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, etc.) over broad areas is challenging, in part because image-based solutions are not ideal for establishing the contextual basis for identifying economic function and use. At present no current United States national-scale mapping exists for urban land uses similar to the classical Anderson Level II classification. This paper describes a product that maps urban land uses, and is linked to and corresponds with the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006. In this product, NLCD urban pixels, in addition to their current imperviousness intensity classification, are assigned one of nine urban use classes based on information drawn from multiple data sources. These sources include detailed infrastructure information, population characteristics, and historical land use. The result is a method for creating a 30 in national-scale grid providing thematically-detailed urban land use information which complements the NLCD. Initial results for 10 major metropolitan areas are provided as an on-line link. Accuracy assessment of initial products yielded an overall accuracy of 81.6 percent. C1 [Falcone, James A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Homer, Collin G.] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Falcone, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfalcone@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1057 EP 1068 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016AT UT WOS:000309490400004 ER PT J AU Harley, GL Grissino-Mayer, HD Franklin, JA Anderson, C Kose, N AF Harley, Grant L. Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. Franklin, Jennifer A. Anderson, Chad Kose, Nesibe TI Cambial activity of Pinus elliottii var. densa reveals influence of seasonal insolation on growth dynamics in the Florida Keys SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE South Florida; Growing season; Xylogenesis; Tracheid production; Slash pine; Wood anatomy; Intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs); Pine rockland ecosystem ID TREE-RING WIDTH; CHRONOLOGY DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; ABIES-BALSAMEA; TROPICAL TREES; WOODY-PLANTS; FALSE RINGS; DROUGHT; L.; DENDROCHRONOLOGY AB We determined the temporal and seasonal dynamics of intra-annual cell formation of south Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. densa Little & Dor.), the southernmost native pine in the United States and the foundation species of globally endangered pine rockland ecosystems. To assess intra-annual cambial activity and identify possible relationships between cell production and climatic factors, wood micro-cores were extracted monthly from six trees during the period March 2010 to March 2011. The results confirmed annual growth ring formation in P. elliottii var. densa and indicated that its growing season extends from February to December, with a short period of dormancy that varied little between individuals. Within the growing season, earlywood cells were produced from February to July, latewood cells produced from July to December, and intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) occurred in the growth rings of four of six trees between July and August. A principal component analysis indicated a homogeneous response of cambial activity among trees to site-specific climatic factors. The first principal component axis explained 71 % of the total variance in cell production during the study period. Our results indicated that the dynamics of seasonal cambial activity of P. elliottii var. densa are controlled by solar radiation (r = 0.51, p < 0.10) in the Florida Keys. The nature of our data allow us to only speculate on the ecophysiological processes responsible for IADFs in P. elliottii var. densa, and additional research is needed to better understand the relationship between their formation and the environment in the Lower Florida Keys. C1 [Harley, Grant L.; Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Lab Tree Ring Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Franklin, Jennifer A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Anderson, Chad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. [Kose, Nesibe] Istanbul Univ, Dept Forest Bot, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Harley, GL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Lab Tree Ring Sci, 304 Burchfiel Geog Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gharley@utk.edu OI Franklin, Jennifer/0000-0002-7158-5953; Grissino-Mayer, Henri/0000-0003-1088-2927 FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1002479, DGE-0538420]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Tennessee FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation grant BCS-1002479 and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. G.L. Harley was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DGE-0538420 and the University of Tennessee Yates Dissertation Fellowship. The authors thank Anne Morkill for access to the National Key Deer Refuge; Jennifer Adams at Everglades National Park for climate data; Katherine Perry and Joshua Albritton for field assistance; Zheng-Hua Li, Qunkang Cheng, Lisa Vito, and Mark Windham for laboratory assistance; and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0931-1890 EI 1432-2285 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1459 DI 10.1007/s00468-012-0719-2 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 007AH UT WOS:000308860500004 ER PT J AU Wesner, JS Belk, MC AF Wesner, J. S. Belk, M. C. TI Habitat relationships among biodiversity indicators and co-occurring species in a freshwater fish community SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE indicator species; fish conservation; habitat associations; biodiversity indicator ID NORTHERN LEATHERSIDE CHUB; SURROGATE; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES AB It is often assumed that indicator species can act as surrogates for conservation of other taxa because the habitat characteristics that limit the distribution of indicators should also affect multiple co-occurring native species. However, this assumption is rarely explicitly tested. Here, we test whether four fish species are potential indicators of overall fish diversity in the Bear River drainage (UT and WY, USA). We then examine whether biodiversity indicator relationships are driven by shared habitat associations among species by examining species-habitat models. We use these models to test for correlations between indicator species and common co-occurring species in predicted occurrence and density. Fish diversity was higher at sites with potential indicators than sites without, indicating that conservation aimed at any of these species is likely to affect a broad number of co-occurring taxa. However, with minor exceptions, habitat correlations were inconsistent between indicator and co-occurring species. Instead, most species showed idiosyncratic habitat relationships. Thus, while conservation of habitats containing indicator species is likely to positively affect the distribution of a minority of co-occurring taxa, they may have neutral (or even negative) effects on the distribution or abundance of a majority of other native taxa that are common to the region. These data suggest that reliance on indicator taxa in conservation can be misleading because they obscure important ecological information about affected non-target species. C1 [Wesner, J. S.; Belk, M. C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Wesner, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jeffwesner@gmail.com FU Bureau of Land Management FX Sage Kelley, Brent Hutchinson, Peter Meyers and Ryan Quinton assisted in field collections. We are grateful to Craig Amadio, Jason Luginbill, Paul Thompson and David Zafft for the assistance with sampling protocol and field site access. Randy Larson provided statistical advice. Numerous landowners graciously provided site access. The paper was greatly improved by suggestions from Res Altwegg and two anonymous reviewers. Permits were provided by the Wyoming Game & Fish Department and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Land Management. Research protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Brigham Young University. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00538.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014VA UT WOS:000309402600006 ER PT J AU Noss, AJ Gardner, B Maffei, L Cuellar, E Montano, R Romero-Munoz, A Sollman, R O'Connell, AF AF Noss, A. J. Gardner, B. Maffei, L. Cuellar, E. Montano, R. Romero-Munoz, A. Sollman, R. O'Connell, A. F. TI Comparison of density estimation methods for mammal populations with camera traps in the Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco landscape SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Leopardus; Panthera; Puma; SPACECAP; Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR); Tapirus ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; LEOPARDUS-PARDALIS; ATLANTIC FOREST; PANTHERA-ONCA; DRY FORESTS; INFERENCE; BOLIVIA; CARNIVORES AB Sampling animal populations with camera traps has become increasingly popular over the past two decades, particularly for species that are cryptic, elusive, exist at low densities or range over large areas. The results have been widely used to estimate population size and density. We analyzed data from 13 camera trap surveys conducted at five sites across the Kaa-Iya landscape, Bolivian Chaco, for jaguar, puma, ocelot and lowland tapir. We compared two spatially explicit capturerecapture (SCR) software packages: secr, a likelihood-based approach, and SPACECAP, a Bayesian approach, both of which are implemented within the R environment and can be used to estimate animal density from photographic records of individual animals that simultaneously employ spatial information about the capture location relative to the sample location. As a non-spatial analysis, we used the program CAPTURE 2 to estimate abundance from the capturerecapture records of individuals identified through camera trap photos combined with an ad hoc estimation of the effective survey area to estimate density. SCR methods estimated jaguar population densities from 0.31 to 1.82 individuals per 100?km2 across the Kaa-Iya sites; puma from 0.36 to 7.99; ocelot from 1.67 to 51.7; and tapir from 7.38 to 42.9. Density estimates using either secr or SPACECAP were generally lower than the estimates generated using the non-spatial method for all surveys and species; and density estimates using SPACECAP were generally lower than that using secr. We recommend using either secr or SPACECAP because the spatially explicit methods are not biased by an informal estimation of an effective survey area. Although SPACECAP and secr are less sensitive than non-spatial methods to the size of the grid used for sampling, we recommend grid sizes several times larger than the average home range (known or estimated) of the target species. C1 [Noss, A. J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Gardner, B.; Sollman, R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maffei, L.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Jaguar Conservat Program, Lima, Peru. [Cuellar, E.] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford, England. [Montano, R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Romero-Munoz, A.] Univ San Francisco Xavier Chuquisaca, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Recursos Nat BIORENA, Fac Ciencias Agr, Sucre, Bolivia. [O'Connell, A. F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Noss, AJ (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, 5217 NW 59th Lane, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM andrew.noss@yahoo.com OI Romero-Munoz, Alfredo/0000-0002-7905-6087 FU Agency for International Development (USAID/Bolivia) [511-A-00-01-00005] FX We thank the Capitania de Alto y Bajo Isoso, the Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park, the Bolivian Protected Area Service (SERNAP), the Kaa-Iya Foundation and the Agency for International Development (USAID/Bolivia Cooperative Agreement No. 511-A-00-01-00005). The opinions expressed here represent the authors and do not necessarily reflect the criteria of USAID. We also thank the park guards and parabiologists and students who contributed their time and effort in the field. Finally, we thank Murray Efford, John Polisar, Marc Kery and an anonymous reviewer for important comments on early drafts, and Mathias Tobler for the advice on analyses. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 133 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00545.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014VA UT WOS:000309402600015 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Stoll, DK AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene Dowsett, Harry J. Robinson, Marci M. Stoll, Danielle K. TI Latitudinal species diversity gradient of marine zooplankton for the last three million years SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; climate changes; fossil records; latitudinal species diversity gradients; macroecology; North Atlantic; pelagic ecosystem; planktic foraminifera; temperature ID FORAMINIFER TRANSFER-FUNCTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY; MOUNTAIN PASSES; TEMPERATURE; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; TROPICS; SCALE; OCEAN AB High tropical and low polar biodiversity is one of the most fundamental patterns characterising marine ecosystems, and the influence of temperature on such marine latitudinal diversity gradients is increasingly well documented. However, the temporal stability of quantitative relationships among diversity, latitude and temperature is largely unknown. Herein we document marine zooplankton species diversity patterns at four time slices [modern, Last Glacial Maximum (18 000 years ago), last interglacial (120 000 years ago), and Pliocene ( 3.33.0 million years ago)] and show that, although the diversity-latitude relationship has been dynamic, diversity-temperature relationships are remarkably constant over the past three million years. These results suggest that species diversity is rapidly reorganised as species' ranges respond to temperature change on ecological time scales, and that the ecological impact of future human-induced temperature change may be partly predictable from fossil and paleoclimatological records. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Kochi Univ, Ctr Adv Marine Core Res, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dowsett, Harry J.; Robinson, Marci M.; Stoll, Danielle K.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1174 EP 1179 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01828.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 000QN UT WOS:000308402300012 PM 22738438 ER PT J AU Kanamori, H Lee, WHK Ma, KF AF Kanamori, Hiroo Lee, William H. K. Ma, Kuo-Fong TI The 1909 Taipei earthquake-implication for seismic hazard in Taipei SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake dynamics; Earthquake ground motions; Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics; Site effects ID LARGE SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHERNMOST RYUKYU; TAIWAN; SEISMOGRAMS; MAGNITUDES; SUBDUCTION; COLLISION AB The 1909 April 14 Taiwan earthquake caused significant damage in Taipei. Most of the information on this earthquake available until now is from the written reports on its macro-seismic effects and from seismic station bulletins. In view of the importance of this event for assessing the shaking hazard in the present-day Taipei, we collected historical seismograms and station bulletins of this event and investigated them in conjunction with other seismological data. We compared the observed seismograms with those from recent earthquakes in similar tectonic environments to characterize the 1909 earthquake. Despite the inevitably large uncertainties associated with old data, we conclude that the 1909 Taipei earthquake is a relatively deep (50100 km) intraplate earthquake that occurred within the subducting Philippine Sea Plate beneath Taipei with an estimated MW of 7 +/- 0.3. Some intraplate events elsewhere in the world are enriched in high-frequency energy and the resulting ground motions can be very strong. Thus, despite its relatively large depth and a moderately large magnitude, it would be prudent to review the safety of the existing structures in Taipei against large intraplate earthquakes like the 1909 Taipei earthquake. C1 [Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lee, William H. K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ma, Kuo-Fong] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, Chungli, Taiwan. [Ma, Kuo-Fong] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Kanamori, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hiroo@gps.caltech.edu RI Ma, Kuo-Fong/H-1445-2012 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 191 IS 1 BP 126 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05589.x PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 003UL UT WOS:000308636800013 ER PT J AU Haney, MM Mikesell, TD van Wijk, K Nakahara, H AF Haney, Matthew M. Mikesell, T. Dylan van Wijk, Kasper Nakahara, Hisashi TI Extension of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to mixed-component correlations of surface waves SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time series analysis; Interferometry; Surface waves and free oscillations; Theoretical seismology; Wave propagation ID SEABED PROPERTY ESTIMATION; AMBIENT-NOISE RECORDINGS; TRAVEL-TIME MEASUREMENTS; MICROTREMOR EXPLORATION; GREENS-FUNCTION; CIRCULAR-ARRAY; VELOCITY; VOLCANO; INVERSION; FIELDS AB Using ambient seismic noise for imaging subsurface structure dates back to the development of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method in the 1950s. We present a theoretical analysis of the SPAC method for multicomponent recordings of surface waves to determine the complete 3 x 3 matrix of correlations between all pairs of three-component motions, called the correlation matrix. In the case of isotropic incidence, when either Rayleigh or Love waves arrive from all directions with equal power, the only non-zero off-diagonal terms in the matrix are the verticalradial (ZR) and radialvertical (RZ) correlations in the presence of Rayleigh waves. Such combinations were not considered in the development of the SPAC method. The method originally addressed the verticalvertical (ZZ), RR and TT correlations, hence the name spatial autocorrelation. The theoretical expressions we derive for the ZR and RZ correlations offer additional ways to measure Rayleigh wave dispersion within the SPAC framework. Expanding on the results for isotropic incidence, we derive the complete correlation matrix in the case of generally anisotropic incidence. We show that the ZR and RZ correlations have advantageous properties in the presence of an out-of-plane directional wavefield compared to ZZ and RR correlations. We apply the results for mixed-component correlations to a data set from Akutan Volcano, Alaska and find consistent estimates of Rayleigh wave phase velocity from ZR compared to ZZ correlations. This work together with the recently discovered connections between the SPAC method and time-domain correlations of ambient noise provide further insights into the retrieval of surface wave Greens functions from seismic noise. C1 [Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Mikesell, T. Dylan] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, UMR 6526, Valbonne, France. [van Wijk, Kasper] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Nakahara, Hisashi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mhaney@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-1142154]; USGS/ARRA [G10AC00016] FX MH thanks Professor Paul Michaels of Boise State University for initially giving him a copy of the 1957 paper by Aki. This manuscript has benefitted from comments by Bernard Chouet, Lapo Boschi, and an anonymous reviewer. This work was partially funded under NSF award EAR-1142154 and USGS/ARRA award G10AC00016. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 191 IS 1 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05597.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 003UL UT WOS:000308636800017 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP McPhee, DK McDougall, K Hourigan, JK AF Colgan, Joseph P. McPhee, Darcy K. McDougall, Kristin Hourigan, Jeremy K. TI Superimposed extension and shortening in the southern Salinas Basin and La Panza Range, California: A guide to Neogene deformation in the Salinian block of the central California Coast Ranges SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; NACIMIENTO FAULT; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; MONTEREY FORMATION; APATITE (U-TH)/HE; HELIUM DIFFUSION; JOAQUIN VALLEY; STRIKE-SLIP AB We synthesized data from geologic maps, wells, seismic-reflection profiles, potential-field interpretations, and low-temperature thermochronology to refine our understanding of late Cenozoic extension and shortening in the Salinian block of the central California Coast Ranges. Data from the La Panza Range and southern Salinas Basin document early to middle Miocene extension, followed by Pliocene and younger shortening after a period of little deformation in the late Miocene. Extension took place on high-angle normal faults that accommodated similar to 2% strain at the scale of the similar to 50-km-wide Salinian block (oriented perpendicular to the San Andreas fault). Shortening was accommodated by new reverse faults, reactivation of older normal faults, and strike-slip faulting that resulted in a map-view change in the width of the Salinian block. The overall magnitude of shortening was similar to 10% strain, roughly 4-5 times greater than the amount of extension. The timing and magnitude of deformation in our study area are comparable to that documented in other Salinian block basins, and we suggest that the entire block deformed in a similar manner over a similar time span. The timing and relative magnitude of extension and shortening may be understood in the context of central Coast Range tectonic boundary conditions linked to rotation of the western Transverse Ranges at the south end of the Salinian block. Older models for Coast Range shortening based on balanced fault-bend fold-style cross sections are a poor approximation of Salinian block deformation, and may lead to mechanically improbable fault geometries that overestimate the amount of shortening. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.; McPhee, Darcy K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McDougall, Kristin] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hourigan, Jeremy K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Marine Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov RI Hourigan, Jeremy/B-1303-2013; OI Hourigan, Jeremy/0000-0002-9620-7967; Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We thank Carl Wentworth, Bob Jachens, Vicki Langenheim, Rick Stanley, and Earl Brabb of the USGS for sharing data and discussing interpretations, Sam Johnstone at the University of California-Santa Cruz for assistance with (U-Th)/He analyses, Trevor Dumitru at Stanford University for assistance with fission-track slide preparation, and Joe Wooden at Stanford University for assistance with U-Pb zircon analyses. Vicki Langenheim, Richard Stanley, and Carl Wentworth reviewed early versions of this manuscript, and the final version was significantly improved following suggestions from Steve Graham, Sarah Titus, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 BP 411 EP 429 DI 10.1130/L208.1 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 010OE UT WOS:000309103000003 ER PT J AU Macia-Vicente, JG Ferraro, V Burruano, S Lopez-Llorca, LV AF Macia-Vicente, Jose G. Ferraro, Valeria Burruano, Santella Lopez-Llorca, Luis V. TI Fungal Assemblages Associated with Roots of Halophytic and Non-halophytic Plant Species Vary Differentially Along a Salinity Gradient SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INULA-CRITHMOIDES L.; ENDOPHYTE SYMBIOSIS; STRESS TOLERANCE; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; FUSARIUM; VISCOSA; ENVIRONMENTS; LOPHIOSTOMA AB Structure of fungal communities is known to be influenced by host plants and environmental conditions. However, in most cases, the dynamics of these variation patterns are poorly understood. In this work, we compared richness, diversity, and composition between assemblages of endophytic and rhizospheric fungi associated to roots of two plants with different lifestyles: the halophyte Inula crithmoides and the non-halophyte I. viscosa (syn. Dittrichia viscosa L.), along a spatially short salinity gradient. Roots and rhizospheric soil from these plants were collected at three points between a salt marsh and a sand dune, and fungi were isolated and characterized by ITS rDNA sequencing. Isolates were classified in a total of 90 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 17 fungal orders within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Species composition of endophytic and soil communities significantly differed across samples. Endophyte communities of I. crithmoides and I. viscosa were only similar in the intermediate zone between the salt marsh and the dune, and while the latter displayed a single, generalist association of endophytes, I. crithmoides harbored different assemblages along the gradient, adapted to the specific soil conditions. In the lower salt marsh, root assemblages were strongly dominated by a single dark septate sterile fungus, also prevalent in other neighboring salt marshes. Interestingly, although its occurrence was positively correlated to soil salinity, in vitro assays revealed a strong inhibition of its growth by salts. Our results suggest that host lifestyle and soil characteristics have a strong effect on endophytic fungi and that environmental stress may entail tight plant-fungus relationships for adaptation to unfavorable conditions. C1 [Macia-Vicente, Jose G.; Lopez-Llorca, Luis V.] Univ Alicante, Multidisciplinary Inst Environm Studies MIES Ramo, Dept Marine Sci & Appl Biol, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. [Ferraro, Valeria; Burruano, Santella] Univ Palermo, Dept DEMETRA, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. RP Macia-Vicente, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6505 65th St NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jgmv@ua.es FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-00716/AGR, AGL2011-29297]; Universita di Palermo (Italy) FX This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grants AGL2008-00716/AGR and AGL2011-29297. VF was supported by a grant from the international PhD program "Frotticoltura Mediterranea," Universita di Palermo (Italy). The authors would like to thank Dr. Rusty Rodriguez for his critical reading of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 84 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 64 IS 3 BP 668 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s00248-012-0066-2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 010YZ UT WOS:000309131700009 PM 22573239 ER PT J AU Turetsky, MR Bond-Lamberty, B Euskirchen, E Talbot, J Frolking, S McGuire, AD Tuittila, ES AF Turetsky, M. R. Bond-Lamberty, B. Euskirchen, E. Talbot, J. Frolking, S. McGuire, A. D. Tuittila, E-S. TI The resilience and functional role of moss in boreal and arctic ecosystems SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE bryophytes; disturbance; dynamic vegetation model; ecosystem function; plant functional type; stability; warming; wildfire ID SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; WATER-LEVEL DRAWDOWN; WINTER SEISMIC EXPLORATION; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; SWEDISH RAISED BOG; UV-B RADIATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPHAGNUM MOSSES AB Contents Summary 49 I. Mosses in the northern, high-latitude region 50 II. The role of moss in ecological resilience 51 III. Response of moss to disturbance 54 IV. Future research needs 60 V. Conclusions 62 Acknowledgements 62 References 62 Summary Mosses in northern ecosystems are ubiquitous components of plant communities, and strongly influence nutrient, carbon and water cycling. We use literature review, synthesis and model simulations to explore the role of mosses in ecological stability and resilience. Moss community responses to disturbance showed all possible responses (increases, decreases, no change) within most disturbance categories. Simulations from two process-based models suggest that northern ecosystems would need to experience extreme perturbation before mosses were eliminated. But simulations with two other models suggest that loss of moss will reduce soil carbon accumulation primarily by influencing decomposition rates and soil nitrogen availability. It seems clear that mosses need to be incorporated into models as one or more plant functional types, but more empirical work is needed to determine how to best aggregate species. We highlight several issues that have not been adequately explored in moss communities, such as functional redundancy and singularity, relationships between response and effect traits, and parameter vs conceptual uncertainty in models. Mosses play an important role in several ecosystem processes that play out over centuries permafrost formation and thaw, peat accumulation, development of microtopography and there is a need for studies that increase our understanding of slow, long-term dynamical processes. C1 [Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Bond-Lamberty, B.] DOE Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Euskirchen, E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Talbot, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Talbot, J.; Frolking, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Talbot, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Tuittila, E-S.] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. RP Turetsky, MR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. EM mrt@uoguelph.ca RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; FU NSF [DEB-0425328, ARC-1021300]; NSERC; NASA [NNX09AQ36G]; Academy of Finland [140863] FX We thank Courtney Miller for assistance with the review of moss responses to disturbance. This manuscript also was improved greatly through advice and discussions with Jill Johnstone, Dale Vitt, Werner Kurz, David Olefeldt, Teresa Hollingsworth, and comments from two anonymous reviewers. M. R. T. and A. D. M. received support for this research from NSF DEB-0425328; M. R. T. from the NSERC; S. F. from NSF ARC-1021300 and NASA NNX09AQ36G; A. D. M. and E. E. from USGS Alaska Climate Science Center; and E-S. T. from the Academy of Finland (140863). NR 239 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 24 U2 309 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 196 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04254.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996LS UT WOS:000308090000006 PM 22924403 ER PT J AU Reed, SC Townsend, AR Davidson, EA Cleveland, CC AF Reed, Sasha C. Townsend, Alan R. Davidson, Eric A. Cleveland, Cory C. TI Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE forest succession; net primary production; nitrogen; nutrient limitation; phosphorus; resorption; stoichiometry; tropical rain forest ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; LIVING NITROGEN-FIXATION; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; N-P RATIOS; TROPICAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-CYCLE; MINERAL-NUTRITION AB Nutrient resorption is a fundamental process through which plants withdraw nutrients from leaves before abscission. Nutrient resorption patterns have the potential to reflect gradients in plant nutrient limitation and to affect a suite of terrestrial ecosystem functions. Here, we used a stoichiometric approach to assess patterns in foliar resorption at a variety of scales, specifically exploring how N : P resorption ratios relate to presumed variation in N and/or P limitation and possible relationships between N : P resorption ratios and soil nutrient availability. N : P resorption ratios varied significantly at the global scale, increasing with latitude and decreasing with mean annual temperature and precipitation. In general, tropical sites (absolute latitudes < 23 degrees 26') had N : P resorption ratios of < 1, and plants growing on highly weathered tropical soils maintained the lowest N : P resorption ratios. Resorption ratios also varied with forest age along an Amazonian forest regeneration chronosequence and among species in a diverse Costa Rican rain forest. These results suggest that variations in N : P resorption stoichiometry offer insight into nutrient cycling and limitation at a variety of spatial scales, complementing other metrics of plant nutrient biogeochemistry. The extent to which the stoichiometric flexibility of resorption will help regulate terrestrial responses to global change merits further investigation. C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davidson, Eric A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov RI Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0136957]; NSF [DDIG DEB-0710404]; Andrew Mellon Foundation FX We are indebted to Jonathan Kao, Sarah Lininger and Nora Tal-kington who helped build the resorption database. We thank Will Wieder and Andres Vega for help in the field and Justin Feis, John Best, Rachael Zacks and Nataly Ascarrunz for laboratory assistance. Herbert and Marleny Michaud of the Drake Bay Wilderness resort assisted us with field access and logistical support in Costa Rica. We are grateful to the 27th New Phytologist Symposium organized by the New Phytologist Trust, to Duncan Menge for mathematical advice, and to the constructive comments of Goran Agren and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant DEB-0136957 to A. R. T. and C. C. C.; NSF Grant DDIG DEB-0710404 to A. R. T. and S. C. R.) and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. NR 88 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 13 U2 176 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 196 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04249.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996LS UT WOS:000308090000016 PM 22882279 ER PT J AU Scherer, RD Muths, E Noon, BR AF Scherer, Rick D. Muths, Erin Noon, Barry R. TI The importance of local and landscape-scale processes to the occupancy of wetlands by pond-breeding amphibians SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Functional connectivity; Lithobates sylvaticus; Occupancy model; Pseudacris maculata; Rocky Mountain National Park; Spatial distribution ID FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; TERRESTRIAL HABITAT USE; OAK-HICKORY FOREST; SITE-OCCUPANCY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; REGIONAL PROCESSES; PATCH-OCCUPANCY; WOOD FROGS; DISPERSAL; MODELS AB Variation in the distribution and abundance of species across landscapes has traditionally been attributed to processes operating at fine spatial scales (i.e., environmental conditions at the scale of the sampling unit), but processes that operate across larger spatial scales such as seasonal migration or dispersal are also important. To determine the relative importance of these processes, we evaluated hypothesized relationships between the probability of occupancy in wetlands by two amphibians [wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata)] and attributes of the landscape measured at three spatial scales in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. We used cost-based buffers and least-cost distances to derive estimates of landscape attributes that may affect occupancy patterns from the broader spatial scales. The most highly ranked models provide strong support for a positive relationship between occupancy by breeding wood frogs and the amount of streamside habitat adjacent to a wetland. The model selection results for boreal chorus frogs are highly uncertain, though several of the most highly ranked models indicate a positive association between occupancy and the number of neighboring, occupied wetlands. We found little evidence that occupancy of either species was correlated with local-scale attributes measured at the scale of individual wetlands, suggesting that processes operating at broader scales may be more important in influencing occupancy patterns in amphibian populations. C1 [Scherer, Rick D.; Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Scherer, RD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scherer@rams.colostate.edu NR 61 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 87 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 54 IS 4 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s10144-012-0324-7 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009ZX UT WOS:000309065300001 ER PT J AU Walsh, GJ Benziane, F Aleinikoff, JN Harrison, RW Yazidi, A Burton, WC Quick, JE Saadane, A AF Walsh, Gregory J. Benziane, Fouad Aleinikoff, John N. Harrison, Richard W. Yazidi, Abdelaziz Burton, William C. Quick, James E. Saadane, Abderrahim TI Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Jebel Saghro and Bou Azzer-El Graara inliers, eastern and central Anti-Atlas, Morocco SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geochronology; Zircon; Neoproterozoic; SHRIMP; Pan-African; Anti-Atlas ID WEST-AFRICAN CRATON; PASSIVE MARGIN; GRANITIC-ROCKS; CALC-ALKALINE; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK; METAVOLCANIC ROCKS; OPHIOLITE MOROCCO; NORTHERN LIMIT; VOLCANIC-ROCKS AB New mapping, geochemistry, and 17 U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages from rocks of the Sirwa, Bou Azzer-El Graara, and Jebel Saghro inliers constrain the Neoproterozoic evolution of the eastern Anti-Atlas during Pan-African orogenesis. In the Sirwa inlier, Tonian quartzite from the pre Pan-African passive margin deposits of the Mimount Formation contains detrital zircon derived entirely from the West African Craton (WAC), with most grains yielding Eburnean Paleoproterozoic ages of about 2050 Ma. Cryogenian Pan-African orogenic activity (PA1) from about 760 to 660 Ma included northward-dipping subduction to produce a volcanic arc, followed by ophiolite obduction onto the WAC. In the Bou Azzer-El Graara inlier, calc-alkaline granodiorite and quartz diorite, dated at 650-646 Ma, are syn- to post-tectonic with respect to the second period of Pan-African orogenesis (PA2), arc-continent accretion, and related greenschist facies metamorphism. Slab break-off and lithospheric delimination may have provided the source for the supra-subduction calc-alkaline plutons. At about 646 Ma, quartz diorite intruded the Tiddiline formation placing an upper limit on molassic deposition. Widespread Ediacaran high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic plutonism and volcanism during the final stage of Pan-African orogenesis (PA3) occurred in a setting related to either modification of the margin of the WAC or formation of a continental volcanic arc above a short-lived southward-dipping subduction zone. In the Saghro inlier, eight plutonic rocks yield ages ranging from about 588 to 556 Ma. Sampled plutonic rocks previously considered to be Cryogenian yielded Ediacaran ages. Peraluminous rhyolitic volcanic rocks in the lower part of the Ouarzazate Supergroup, including ash-flow tuffs of the Oued Dar'a caldera, yield ages between about 574 and 571 Ma. The Oued Dar'a caldera developed in a pull-apart graben produced by a left-step in a northeast-trending, left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, and much of the lower Ouarzazate Supergroup volcanic rocks in the area are probably related to caldera out-flow facies and collapse. Late stage PA3 intrusive rocks include the Bouskour-Sidi Flah and Timijt rhyolitic dike swarms at about 563 Ma, the voluminous pink Isk-n-Alla granite (559 +/- 5 Ma), and volumetrically minor gabbro of Tagmout (556 +/- 5 Ma). Rhyolite flows from the upper part of the Ouarzazate Supergroup, above a regional angular unconformity, yielded ages of 558 +/- 4 and 556 +/- 4 Ma. The youngest ages place an upper limit on block faulting and weak folding during latest Pan-African tectonic activity (PA3), coincident with the departure of the Cadomian crustal fragment from the northern margin of the WAC. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Walsh, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Benziane, Fouad; Yazidi, Abdelaziz; Saadane, Abderrahim] Ecole Natl Ind Minerale, Dept Sci Terre, Rabat, Morocco. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Harrison, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Quick, James E.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Walsh, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM gwalsh@usgs.gov; fouadbenziane@yahoo.fr; jaleinikoff@usgs.gov; rharriso@usgs.gov; yazidiabdelaziz@yahoo.fr; bburton@usgs.gov; jquick@smu.edu; saadaneabderrahim@yahoo.fr FU Ministere de l'Energie, des Mines, de l'Eau et de l'Environnment, Direction du Developpement Minier, Division du Patrimoine Geologique, Rabat, Morocco under the Plan National de Cartographie Geologique (PNCG) [40-2001/DG] FX Support for and permission to publish this work was provided by the Ministere de l'Energie, des Mines, de l'Eau et de l'Environnment, Direction du Developpement Minier, Division du Patrimoine Geologique, Rabat, Morocco under contract 40-2001/DG under the Plan National de Cartographie Geologique (PNCG). Logistical support in Morocco was provided by the Laboratoire Public d'Essais et d'Etudes (LPEE), Casablanca, Morocco, with special thanks to Abdellatif El Fahssi. Abdelilah Fekkak and Mohammed Benharref assisted in the early stages of the geologic mapping campaign. Joe Wooden of the U.S. Geological Survey and Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, USA assisted with SHRIMP analyses. Ezra Yacob and Seth Dee of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, USA prepared mineral separates. Jean-Claude Thomas and John C. Mars of the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia USA provided satellite imagery. We offer sincere thanks to Peter Valley of the U.S. Geological Survey, Robert Thomas of the British Geological Survey, and Scott Samson of Syracuse University for helpful and constructive review comments. NR 148 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 216 BP 23 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2012.06.010 PG 40 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 005YB UT WOS:000308784900002 ER PT J AU Tanaka, A Ohtani, M Suyama, Y Inomata, N Tsumura, Y Middleton, BA Tachida, H Kusumi, J AF Tanaka, Ayako Ohtani, Masato Suyama, Yoshihisa Inomata, Nobuyuki Tsumura, Yoshihiko Middleton, Beth A. Tachida, Hidenori Kusumi, Junko TI Population genetic structure of a widespread coniferous tree, Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich. (Cupressaceae), in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley and Florida SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Bald cypress; SSRs; Pond cypress; Population structure; Taxodium distichum ID HIERARCHICAL F-STATISTICS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; INFERENCE AB Studies of genetic variation can elucidate the structure of present and past populations as well as the genetic basis of the phenotypic variability of species. Taxodium distichum is a coniferous tree dominant in lowland river flood plains and swamps of the southeastern USA which exhibits morphological variability and adaption to stressful habitats. This study provides a survey of the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MAV) and Florida to elucidate their population structure and the extent of genetic differentiation between the two regions and sympatric varieties, including bald cypress (var. distichum) and pond cypress (var. imbricatum). We determined the genotypes of 12 simple sequence repeat loci totaling 444 adult individuals from 18 natural populations. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed high levels of differentiation between the MAV and the Florida regions. Within the MAV region, there was a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. In addition, we found that there was almost no genetic differentiation between the varieties. Most genetic variation was found within individuals (76.73 %), 1.67 % among individuals within population, 15.36 % among populations within the regions, and 9.23 % between regions within the variety. Our results suggest that (1) the populations of the MAV and the Florida regions are divided into two major genetic groups, which might originate from different glacial refugia, and (2) the patterns of genetic differentiation and phenotypic differentiation were not parallel in this species. C1 [Tanaka, Ayako; Inomata, Nobuyuki; Tachida, Hidenori; Kusumi, Junko] Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Ohtani, Masato; Tsumura, Yoshihiko] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Suyama, Yoshihisa] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Lab Forest Ecol, Osaki, Miyagi 9896711, Japan. [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Kusumi, J (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Social & Cultural Studies, Dept Environm Changes, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. EM jkusumi@scs.kyushu-u.ac.jp OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22370083]; Program for promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN) FX The authors thank Y. Moriguchi and A. Sato for their help with the development of SSR markers and DNA extraction. We also thank S. Travis, J. Grace, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no. 22370083) and by Program for promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1135 EP 1147 DI 10.1007/s11295-012-0501-z PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 011NZ UT WOS:000309173200016 ER PT J AU Amberg, JJ Schreier, TM Gaikowski, MP AF Amberg, Jon J. Schreier, Theresa M. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Molecular responses differ between sensitive silver carp and tolerant bighead carp and bigmouth buffalo exposed to rotenone SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Asian carp; Rotenone; Oxidative stress; Hypophthalmichthys; ROS ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS; NITRIC-OXIDE; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; WATER FISHES; APOPTOSIS; PROTEINS; CYTOCHROME-P450; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CHAPERONES AB Some species of fish are more tolerant of rotenone, a commonly used non-specific piscicide, than others. This species-specific tolerance to rotenone has been thought to be associated with the uptake and the efficiency at which the chemical is detoxified. However, rotenone stimulates oxidative stress and superoxides, which are also toxic. Understanding the modes in which fish physiologically respond to rotenone is important in developing improved protocols for its application in controlling aquatic nuisance species. Using a molecular approach, we investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rotenone resistance. Species-specific responses were observed when rotenone-sensitive silver, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and both rotenone-resistant bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus, were exposed to rotenone. Rotenone levels in plasma were highest 90 min after exposure in both silver carp and bigmouth buffalo, but bigmouth buffalo tolerated over twice the burden (ng mL(-1) g(-1)) than silver carp. Expression of genes related with detoxification (cyp1a and gst) increased in silver carp, but either decreased or remained the same in bighead carp. Genes linked with oxidative stress in the cytosol (gpx, cat and sod1) and hsp70 increased only in silver carp after a 6-h exposure. Expression of genes associated with oxidative stress in the mitochondria (sod2 and ucp2) differed between silver carp and bighead carp. Expression of sod2 changed minimally in bighead carp, but expression of ucp2 linearly increased to nearly 85-fold of the level prior to exposure. Expression of sod2 and ucp2 did not change until 6 h in silver carp. Use of sod1 and sod2 to combat oxidative stress results in hydrogen peroxide production, while use of ucp2 produces nitric oxide, a chemical known to inhibit apoptosis. We conclude that the mechanism at which a fish handles oxidative stress plays an important role in the tolerance to rotenone. C1 [Amberg, Jon J.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Amberg, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jamberg@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX The authors would like to thank Adam Ladwig and Todd Severson for their assistance in dissecting fish and tissue collections. This work was financially supported through funds from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1391 DI 10.1007/s10695-012-9625-1 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 008PC UT WOS:000308968000014 PM 22447502 ER PT J AU He, R Wooller, MJ Pohlman, JW Quensen, J Tiedje, JM Leigh, MB AF He, Ruo Wooller, Matthew J. Pohlman, John W. Quensen, John Tiedje, James M. Leigh, Mary Beth TI Diversity of active aerobic methanotrophs along depth profiles of arctic and subarctic lake water column and sediments SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methanotrophs; CH4 oxidation potential; arctic lakes; stable isotope probing ID RICE FIELD SOIL; METHANE OXIDATION; POTENTIAL ACTIVITY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FOREST SOIL; BACTERIA; COMMUNITY; VERRUCOMICROBIA; PERMAFROST; CONSTANCE AB Methane (CH4) emitted from high-latitude lakes accounts for 2-6% of the global atmospheric CH4 budget. Methanotrophs in lake sediments and water columns mitigate the amount of CH4 that enters the atmosphere, yet their identity and activity in arctic and subarctic lakes are poorly understood. We used stable isotope probing (SIP), quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), pyrosequencing and enrichment cultures to determine the identity and diversity of active aerobic methanotrophs in the water columns and sediments (0-25 cm) from an arctic tundra lake (Lake Qalluuraq) on the north slope of Alaska and a subarctic taiga lake (Lake Killarney) in Alaska's interior. The water column CH4 oxidation potential for these shallow (similar to 2m deep) lakes was greatest in hypoxic bottom water from the subarctic lake. The type II methanotroph, Methylocystis, was prevalent in enrichment cultures of planktonic methanotrophs from the water columns. In the sediments, type I methanotrophs (Methylobacter, Methylosoma and Methylomonas) at the sediment-water interface (0-1 cm) were most active in assimilating CH4, whereas the type I methanotroph Methylobacter and/or type II methanotroph Methylocystis contributed substantially to carbon acquisition in the deeper (15-20 cm) sediments. In addition to methanotrophs, an unexpectedly high abundance of methylotrophs also actively utilized CH4-derived carbon. This study provides new insight into the identity and activity of methanotrophs in the sediments and water from high-latitude lakes. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 1937-1948; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.34; published online 17 May 2012 C1 [He, Ruo; Leigh, Mary Beth] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [He, Ruo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Quensen, John; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Leigh, MB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mbleigh@alaska.edu RI HE, RUO/E-9165-2014; OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT000565] FX We thank Ben Gaglioti, Nathan Stewart, Doug Whiteman, Monica Heintz, Catharine Catranis for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank Carolyn Ruppel for help with mapping the sampling sites. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was supported by funding from United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (Grant DE-NT000565). NR 56 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 125 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1937 EP 1948 DI 10.1038/ismej.2012.34 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 009WO UT WOS:000309056300012 PM 22592821 ER PT J AU Hart, LM Lorenzen, N LaPatra, SE Grady, CA Roon, SE O'Reilly, J Gregg, JL Hershberger, PK AF Hart, L. M. Lorenzen, N. LaPatra, S. E. Grady, C. A. Roon, S. E. O'Reilly, J. Gregg, J. L. Hershberger, P. K. TI Efficacy of a glycoprotein DNA vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii Valenciennes SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE glycoprotein vaccine; haemorrhagic septicaemia; Pacific herring ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY; FISH; RHABDOVIRUSES; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; EXPRESSION C1 [Hart, L. M.; Grady, C. A.; Roon, S. E.; O'Reilly, J.; Gregg, J. L.; Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Lorenzen, N.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Arhus N, Denmark. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID USA. RP Hart, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM lhart@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; US Geological Survey; John and Birthe Meyer Foundation FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 070819 and US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. All experiments involving live animals were performed under approval of the U. S. Geological Survey - Western Fisheries Research Center Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (Protocol # 2008-20). Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Niels Lorenzen was supported by a grant from the John and Birthe Meyer Foundation (Galathea 3 expedition research project 'Search for the origin of the vertebrate immune system'). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 35 IS 10 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01364.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 004WP UT WOS:000308712400007 PM 22804506 ER PT J AU Sudek, M Work, TM Aeby, GS Davy, SK AF Sudek, M. Work, T. M. Aeby, G. S. Davy, S. K. TI Histological observations in the Hawaiian reef coral, Porites compressa, affected by Porites bleaching with tissue loss SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coral disease; Coral bleaching; Porites compressa; Porites bleaching with tissue loss (PBTL); Discoloration; Hawaii ID STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; TEMPERATURE STRESS; ACROPORID CORALS; CENTRAL PACIFIC; WHITE SYNDROME; HISTOPATHOLOGY; INFECTION; DISEASE; LESIONS; ZOOXANTHELLAE AB The scleractinian finger coral Pontes compressa is affected by the coral disease Porites bleaching with tissue loss (PBTL). This disease initially manifests as bleaching of the coenenchyme (tissue between polyps) while the polyps remain brown with eventual tissue loss and subsequent algal overgrowth of the bare skeleton. Histopathological investigation showed a loss of symbiont and melanin-containing granular cells which was more pronounced in the coenenchyme than the polyps. Cell counts confirmed a 65% reduction in symbiont density. Tissue loss was due to tissue fragmentation and necrosis in affected areas. In addition, a reduction in putative bacterial aggregate densities was found in diseased samples but no potential pathogens were observed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sudek, M.; Davy, S. K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Work, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Aeby, G. S.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Davy, SK (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM simon.davy@vuw.ac.nz RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU VUW FX We are very grateful to Christina Runyon for her assistance with sample collections and Alan Hoverd for his advice on histological techniques and supply of reagents. MS was supported by a VUW PhD Scholarship. SAP numbers 2009-101 and 2011-67. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 111 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.004 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 007OP UT WOS:000308898300004 PM 22824001 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC Midekisa, A Semuniguse, P Teka, H Henebry, GM Chuang, TW Senay, GB AF Wimberly, Michael C. Midekisa, Alemayehu Semuniguse, Paulos Teka, Hiwot Henebry, Geoffrey M. Chuang, Ting-Wu Senay, Gabriel B. TI Spatial synchrony of malaria outbreaks in a highland region of Ethiopia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria epidemics; surveillance; climate; environment; spatial autocorrelation; spatial synchrony; epidemies de paludisme; malaria; surveillance; climat; environnement; auto correlation spatiale; synchronie spatiale; epidemias de malaria; vigilancia; clima; medio ambiente; autocorrelacion espacial; sincronia espacial ID EPIDEMIC MALARIA; RISK-FACTORS; AFRICA; CLIMATE; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; HOUSEHOLD; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; OROMIA AB To understand the drivers and consequences of malaria in epidemic-prone regions, it is important to know whether epidemics emerge independently in different areas as a consequence of local contingencies, or whether they are synchronised across larger regions as a result of climatic fluctuations and other broad-scale drivers. To address this question, we collected historical malaria surveillance data for the Amhara region of Ethiopia and analysed them to assess the consistency of various indicators of malaria risk and determine the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of malaria within the region. We collected data from a total of 49 districts from 19992010. Data availability was better for more recent years and more data were available for clinically diagnosed outpatient malaria cases than confirmed malaria cases. Temporal patterns of outpatient malaria case counts were correlated with the proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria and confirmed malaria case counts. The proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria was spatially clustered, and these cluster locations were generally consistent from year to year. Outpatient malaria cases exhibited spatial synchrony at distances up to 300 km, supporting the hypothesis that regional climatic variability is an important driver of epidemics. Our results suggest that decomposing malaria risk into separate spatial and temporal components may be an effective strategy for modelling and forecasting malaria risk across large areas. They also emphasise both the value and limitations of working with historical surveillance datasets and highlight the importance of enhancing existing surveillance efforts. C1 [Wimberly, Michael C.; Midekisa, Alemayehu; Henebry, Geoffrey M.; Chuang, Ting-Wu; Senay, Gabriel B.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Semuniguse, Paulos] Hlth Dev & Antimalaria Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teka, Hiwot] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Senay, Gabriel B.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.wimberly@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU Amhara Regional Health Bureau; Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01AI079411] FX We thank Abere Mihretie of the Health, Development and Anti-Malaria Association for his support in coordinating data collection activities and facilitating communication with the public health sector. We also acknowledge the cooperation and support of the Amhara Regional Health Bureau and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. This study was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grant R01AI079411. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2012 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1192 EP 1201 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03058.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 004XG UT WOS:000308714200004 PM 22863170 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI Models, validation, and applied geochemistry: Issues in science, communication, and philosophy SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; PHYSICS; EARTH AB Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a 'model' and by 'validation.' It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of 'prediction' and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word 'validation' is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov FU International Ingerson Award Committee; National Research Program of the USGS FX I thank the International Ingerson Award Committee for honoring me with this award and for giving me the opportunity to put my thoughts on modeling down on paper. I thank the National Research Program of the USGS for support of this and my other, less philosophical, research. Most especially, I am deeply in debt to Russell Harmon, special editor of these few papers, and the other authors, whose patience I wore threadbare by taking much too long to write this paper. I am most grateful for the review comments provided by Ann Maest, Russ Harmon, Mike Edmunds, Lenny Konikow and Katie Walton-Day. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 149 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1899 EP 1919 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.007 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 996WO UT WOS:000308125700003 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Creech, TG Ebinger, MR Heisey, DM Irvine, KM Creel, S AF Cross, Paul C. Creech, Tyler G. Ebinger, Michael R. Heisey, Dennis M. Irvine, Kathryn M. Creel, Scott TI Wildlife contact analysis: emerging methods, questions, and challenges SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Contact; Disease transmission; Hierarchical model; Proximity logger; Social network; Super-spreading ID SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS; ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; CENTRALITY MEASURES; AFRICAN BUFFALO; MODELS; DISEASE; BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; REGRESSION; DESIGN AB Recent technological advances, such as proximity loggers, allow researchers to collect complete interaction histories, day and night, among sampled individuals over several months to years. Social network analyses are an obvious approach to analyzing interaction data because of their flexibility for fitting many different social structures as well as the ability to assess both direct contacts and indirect associations via intermediaries. For many network properties, however, it is not clear whether estimates based upon a sample of the network are reflective of the entire network. In wildlife applications, networks may be poorly sampled and boundary effects will be common. We present an alternative approach that utilizes a hierarchical modeling framework to assess the individual, dyadic, and environmental factors contributing to variation in the interaction rates and allows us to estimate the underlying process variation in each. In a disease control context, this approach will allow managers to focus efforts on those types of individuals and environments that contribute the most toward super-spreading events. We account for the sampling distribution of proximity loggers and the non-independence of contacts among groups by only using contact data within a group during days when the group membership of proximity loggers was known. This allows us to separate the two mechanisms responsible for a pair not contacting one another: they were not in the same group or they were in the same group but did not come within the specified contact distance. We illustrate our approach with an example dataset of female elk from northwestern Wyoming and conclude with a number of important future research directions. C1 [Cross, Paul C.; Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Creech, Tyler G.; Ebinger, Michael R.; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant DEB-1067129, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank B. Scurlock, J. Rogerson, E. Maichak, J. Henningsen, D. Damm, A. Williams, A. Barbknecht, and A. Roosa for their assistance in the field. D. Stinson assisted with aerial flights. Animals were under the Montana State University animal use and care protocol (#2010-02) NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1437 EP 1447 DI 10.1007/s00265-012-1376-6 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 005AW UT WOS:000308723700007 ER PT J AU Moore, JL Runge, MC AF Moore, Joslin L. Runge, Michael C. TI Combining Structured Decision Making and Value-of-Information Analyses to Identify Robust Management Strategies SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; decision model; gray sallow willow; non-native invasive species; Salix cinerea; especies exoticas invasoras; manejo adaptativo; modelo de decisiones; Salix cinerea ID AUSTRALIAN ALPS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; VEGETATION; INVASIONS; FIRE; FACE AB Structured decision making and value-of-information analyses can be used to identify robust management strategies even when uncertainty about the response of the system to management is high. We used these methods in a case study of management of the non-native invasive species gray sallow willow (Salix cinerea) in alpine Australia. Establishment of this species is facilitated by wildfire. Managers are charged with developing a management strategy despite extensive uncertainty regarding the frequency of fires, the willow's demography, and the effectiveness of management actions. We worked with managers in Victoria to conduct a formal decision analysis. We used a dynamic model to identify the best management strategy for a range of budgets. We evaluated the robustness of the strategies to uncertainty with value-of-information analyses. Results of the value-of-information analysis indicated that reducing uncertainty would not change which management strategy was identified as the best unless budgets increased substantially. This outcome suggests there would be little value in implementing adaptive management for the problem we analyzed. The value-of-information analyses also highlighted that the main driver of gray sallow willow invasion (i.e., fire frequency) is not necessarily the same factor that is most important for decision making (i.e., willow seed dispersal distance). Value of-information analyses enables managers to better target monitoring and research efforts toward factors critical to making the decision and to assess the need for adaptive management. C1 [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Royal Bot Gardens, Australian Res Ctr Urban Ecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Moore, Joslin L.; Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 2010, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Moore, JL (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Royal Bot Gardens, Australian Res Ctr Urban Ecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM joslinm@unimelb.edu.au RI Moore, Joslin/C-5270-2009; Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Moore, Joslin/0000-0001-9809-5092; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU Applied Environmental Decision Analysis Hub of the Commonwealth Environment Research Facility, Parks Victoria; Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis FX We acknowledge the traditional owners of the Bogong High Plains, the Jaithmathang and Dhudhuroa people. We thank staff members of Parks Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Department of Primary Industries, and the North East Catchment Management Authority for participating in the workshop. We thank B. Wintle for instigating this collaboration, K. Giljohann for help with field work, and C. Hauser, the editors, and 4 anonymous reviewers for providing very helpful comments on the manuscript. Figure 1 is based on a figure developed by M. McCarthy, L. Rumpff, and J. L. M. This research was supported by the Applied Environmental Decision Analysis Hub of the Commonwealth Environment Research Facility, Parks Victoria, and the Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis. Data collected was approved as part of research permit 10004458. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01907.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001UB UT WOS:000308484500007 PM 22862796 ER PT J AU Earnst, SL Dobkin, DS Ballard, JA AF Earnst, Susan L. Dobkin, David S. Ballard, Jennifer A. TI Changes in Avian and Plant Communities of Aspen Woodlands over 12 Years after Livestock Removal in the Northwestern Great Basin SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspen; avian abundance; Great Basin; habitat recovery; livestock grazing; riparian woodland; snow-pocket aspen; abundancia de aves; alamo; bosque ribereno; Gran Cuenca; pastoreo de ganado; Populus tremuloides; recuperacion de habitat ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; QUAKING ASPEN; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTS; USA; RANGE AB Riparian and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) woodlands are centers of avian abundance and diversity in the western United States, but they have been affected adversely by land use practices, particularly livestock grazing. In 1990, cattle were removed from a 112,500-ha national wildlife refuge in southeastern Oregon. Thereafter, we monitored changes in vegetation and bird abundance in years 13 (phase 1) and 1012 (phase 2) in 17 riparian and 9 snow-pocket aspen plots. On each 1.5-ha plot, we sampled vegetation in 6 transects. Three times during each breeding season, observers recorded all birds 50 m to each side of the plot's 150-m centerline for 25 minutes. We analyzed data with multivariate analysis of variance and paired t tests with p values adjusted for multiple comparisons. In both periods, riparian and snow-pocket aspen produced extensive regeneration of new shoots ( stems/ha and 7079 stems/ha, respectively). By phase 2, a 64% increase in medium-diameter trees in riparian stands indicated successful recruitment into the overstory, but this pattern was not seen in snow-pocket stands, where the density of trees was over 2 times greater. By phase 2 in riparian and snow-pocket stands, native forb cover had increased by 68% and 57%, respectively, mesic shrub cover had increased by 29% and 58%, and sagebrush cover had decreased by 24% and 31%. Total avian abundance increased by 33% and 39% in riparian and snow-pocket aspen, respectively, ground or understory nesters increased by 133% and 67% and overstory nesters increased by 34% and 33%. Similarly, ground or understory foragers increased by 25% and 32%, aerial foragers by 55% and 57%, and overstory foragers by 66% and 43%. We interpreted the substantial regeneration of aspen shoots, increased densities of riparian forbs and shrubs, and increased avian abundances as a multitrophic-level response to the total removal of livestock and as substantial movement toward recovery of biological integrity. C1 [Earnst, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Dobkin, David S.] High Desert Ecol Res Inst, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Ballard, Jennifer A.] Hart Mt Natl Antelope Refuge, Plush, OR 97637 USA. RP Earnst, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM susan_earnst@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Region 1, Office of Migratory Birds FX We thank the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Region 1, Office of Migratory Birds, for financial support of fieldwork, particularly M. Green and T. Zimmerman. Additional support was provided by the Great Basin Bird Observatory (J. A. B.), High Desert Ecological Research Institute (D. S. D), and U. S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (S. L. E.). The Sheldon-Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex provided logistical support. We thank W. Pyle and B. Reiswig for facilitating initiation of the project and D. Alonso, C. Dippel, and M. Nunn. The study benefited from suggestions by J. Barnett, J. Bart, M. Bray, J. Heltzel, W. Pyle, and A. Rich. Special thanks to our many field crew members. Reviews by D. Shinneman, S. Skagen, and 2 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 862 EP 872 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01903.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001UB UT WOS:000308484500012 PM 22889077 ER PT J AU Ruesch, AS Torgersen, CE Lawler, JJ Olden, JD Peterson, EE Volk, CJ Lawrence, DJ AF Ruesch, Aaron S. Torgersen, Christian E. Lawler, Joshua J. Olden, Julian D. Peterson, Erin E. Volk, Carol J. Lawrence, David J. TI Projected Climate-Induced Habitat Loss for Salmonids in the John Day River Network, Oregon, USA SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; river network; spatial model; summer extreme; thermal habitat; cambio climatico; extremo de verano; habitat termico; modelo espacial; red hidrologica ID MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH; STREAM NETWORKS; PACIFIC SALMON; UNITED-STATES; THERMAL HABITAT; BULL TROUT; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; RIPARIAN; SYSTEM AB Climate change will likely have profound effects on cold-water species of freshwater fishes. As temperatures rise, cold-water fish distributions may shift and contract in response. Predicting the effects of projected stream warming in stream networks is complicated by the generally poor correlation between water temperature and air temperature. Spatial dependencies in stream networks are complex because the geography of stream processes is governed by dimensions of flow direction and network structure. Therefore, forecasting climate-driven range shifts of stream biota has lagged behind similar terrestrial modeling efforts. We predicted climate-induced changes in summer thermal habitat for 3 cold-water fish speciesjuvenile Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, and bull trout (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, O. mykiss, and Salvelinus confluentus, respectively)in the John Day River basin, northwestern United States. We used a spatially explicit statistical model designed to predict water temperature in stream networks on the basis of flow and spatial connectivity. The spatial distribution of stream temperature extremes during summers from 1993 through 2009 was largely governed by solar radiation and interannual extremes of air temperature. For a moderate climate change scenario, estimated declines by 2100 in the volume of habitat for Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, and bull trout were 6995%, 5187%, and 86100%, respectively. Although some restoration strategies may be able to offset these projected effects, such forecasts point to how and where restoration and management efforts might focus. C1 [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Olden, Julian D.; Lawrence, David J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.] CSIRO Div Math Informat & Stat, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Volk, Carol J.] S Fork Res Inc, N Bend, WA 98045 USA. RP Ruesch, AS (reprint author), Bur Sci Serv Fisheries & Aquat Sci Res, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM aaron.ruesch@wisconsin.gov RI Volk, Carol/I-2824-2012; Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [833834]; Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program (Bonneville Power Administration, Environment, Fish and Wildlife project) [2003-017-00]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program (grant 833834 to J. D. O., J. J. L., and C. E. T.). We thank T. Pool and L. Kuehne for collecting additional stream temperature data; D. Isaak, B. Rieman, D. Nagel, and the Boise Stream Temperature Modeling and Monitoring group for conceptual stream temperature and technical assistance; E. Salathe and M. McGuire Elsner at the Climate Impacts Group for providing projected future climate data; members of the Landscape Ecology and Conservation Lab and Fire and Mountain Ecology Lab for their thoughtful comments; J. Ver Hoef for sharing the statistical code used to fit geostatistical models for stream networks; C. Jordan (Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program (Bonneville Power Administration, Environment, Fish and Wildlife project 2003-017-00) for providing data and field equipment the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for field support; the Spatial Stats for Streams Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the National Science Foundation (grant EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California; and M. Elam for field assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 117 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 873 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01897.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001UB UT WOS:000308484500013 PM 22827880 ER PT J AU Igel, H Brokesova, J Evans, J Zembaty, Z AF Igel, Heiner Brokesova, Johana Evans, John Zembaty, Zbigniew TI Preface to the special issue on "Advances in rotational seismology: instrumentation, theory, observations, and engineering" SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Igel, Heiner] Univ Munich, Dept Earth Sci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Brokesova, Johana] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Geophys, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Evans, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zembaty, Zbigniew] Opole Univ Technol OUTech, Fac Civil Engn, PL-45071 Opole, Poland. RP Igel, H (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Earth Sci, Theresienstr 41, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM igel@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de; johana@karel.troja.mff.cuni.cz; jrevans@usgs.gov; z.zembaty@po.opole.pl RI Igel, Heiner/E-9580-2010 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s10950-012-9307-6 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 999QA UT WOS:000308328000001 ER PT J AU Jedlicka, P Kozak, JT Evans, JR Hutt, CR AF Jedlicka, P. Kozak, J. T. Evans, J. R. Hutt, C. R. TI Designs and test results for three new rotational sensors SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rotational seismology; Seismometry; Instruments; Instrument testing; Instrument design AB We discuss the designs and testing of three rotational seismometer prototypes developed at the Institute of Geophysics, Academy of Sciences (Prague, Czech Republic). Two of these designs consist of a liquid-filled toroidal tube with the liquid as the proof mass and providing damping; we tested the piezoelectric and pressure transduction versions of this torus. The third design is a wheel-shaped solid metal inertial sensor with capacitive sensing and magnetic damping. Our results from testing in Prague and at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory of the US Geological Survey of transfer function and cross-axis sensitivities are good enough to justify the refinement and subsequent testing of advanced prototypes. These refinements and new testing are well along. C1 [Evans, J. R.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Jedlicka, P.; Kozak, J. T.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hutt, C. R.] USGS ASL, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Evans, JR (reprint author), USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM jrevans@usgs.gov RI Kozak, Jan/H-6395-2014; Jedlicka, Petr/H-6382-2014 FU AMVIS [ME10008] FX This work was carried out by cooperation between Czech and American seismologists under the framework of common Project No. ME10008 "Rotational seismometers-design, construction, calibration and field testing" of the AMVIS cooperative program (Czech acronym for the "American Science Information Centre" established between the respective governments for joint Czech-USA research programs). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s10950-012-9293-8 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 999QA UT WOS:000308328000007 ER PT J AU Little, EE Calfee, RD Linder, G AF Little, E. E. Calfee, R. D. Linder, G. TI Toxicity of Copper to Early-life Stage Kootenai River White Sturgeon, Columbia River White Sturgeon, and Rainbow Trout SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; FATHEAD MINNOWS; FISH GILLS; WATER CHEMISTRY; METALS; FLOW; USA; EXPOSURES; SEDIMENTS AB White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) populations throughout western North America are in decline, likely as a result of overharvest, operation of dams, and agricultural and mineral extraction activities in their watersheds. Recruitment failure may reflect the loss of early-life stage fish in spawning areas of the upper Columbia River, which are contaminated with metals from effluents associated with mineral-extraction activities. Early-life stage white sturgeon (A. transmontanus) from the Columbia River and Kootenai River populations were exposed to copper during 96-h flow-through toxicity tests to determine their sensitivity to the metal. Similar tests were conducted with rainbow trout (RBT [Oncorhynchus mykiss]) to assess the comparative sensitivity of this species as a surrogate for white sturgeon. Exposures were conducted with a water quality pH 8.1-8.3, hardness 81-119 mg/L as CaCO2, and dissolved organic carbon 0.2-0.4 mg/L. At approximately 30 days posthatch (dph), sturgeon were highly sensitive to copper with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 4.1 to 6.8 mu g/L compared with 36.5 mu g/L for 30 dph RBT. White sturgeon at 123-167 dph were less sensitive to copper with LC50 values ranging from 103.7 to 268.9 mu g/L. RBT trout, however, remained more sensitive to copper at 160 dph with an LC50 value of 30.9 mu g/L. The results indicate that high sensitivity to copper in early-life stage white sturgeon may be a factor in recruitment failure occurring in the upper Columbia and Kootenai rivers. When site-specific water-quality criteria were estimated using the biotic ligand model (BLM), derived values were not protective of early-life stage fish, nor were estimates derived by water-hardness adjustment. C1 [Little, E. E.; Calfee, R. D.; Linder, G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM elittle@usgs.gov; rcalfee@usgs.gov; glinder@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9782-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 002PG UT WOS:000308543600009 PM 22890615 ER PT J AU Yuge, SY Richter, CA Wright-Osment, MK Nicks, D Saloka, SK Tillitt, DE Li, WM AF Yuge, Shinya Richter, Catherine A. Wright-Osment, Maureen K. Nicks, Diane Saloka, Stephanie K. Tillitt, Donoald E. Li, Weiming TI Identification of the thiamin pyrophosphokinase gene in rainbow trout: Characteristic structure and expression of seven splice variants in tissues and cell lines and during embryo development SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Early mortality syndrome; No tail; Splice variant; Thiamin deficiency; TPK ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; MESSENGER-RNA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ATLANTIC SALMON; LAKE TROUT; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT AB Thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPK) converts thiamin to its active form, thiamin diphosphate. In humans, TPK expression is down-regulated in some thiamin deficiency related syndrome, and enhanced during pregnancy. Rainbow trout are also vulnerable to thiamin deficiency in wild life and are useful models for thiamin metabolism research. We identified the tpk gene transcript including seven splice variants in the rainbow trout. Almost all cell lines and tissues examined showed co-expression of several tpk splice variants including a potentially major one at both mRNA and protein levels. However, relative to other tissues, the longest variant mRNA expression was predominant in the ovary and abundant in embryos. During embryogenesis, total tpk transcripts increased abruptly in early development, and decreased to about half of the peak shortly after hatching. In rainbow trout, the tpk transcript complex is ubiquitously expressed for all tissues and cells examined, and its increase in expression could be important in the early-middle embryonic stages. Moreover, decimated tpk expression in a hepatoma cell line relative to hepatic and gonadal cell lines appears to be consistent with previously reported down-regulation of thiamin metabolism in cancer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yuge, Shinya; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Neurosci Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Richter, Catherine A.; Nicks, Diane; Tillitt, Donoald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Saloka, Stephanie K.] Michigan State Univ, Biomed Lab Diagnost Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Neurosci Program, 142 Giltner Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013; OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518; Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Lansing, MI, USA) FX We thank Mr. Grant Zane (University of Missouri-Columbia, USA) and Dr. Judy Wall (University of Missouri-Columbia) for their assistance in the Northern blot assay, Profs. Mohammed Faisal (MSU) and Suzanne M. Thiem (MSU) for their kind advice to our setting up cell culture facility, the MSU RTSF for running the sequencing and Q-PCR reactions, and Dr. Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson (MSU) for commenting on this paper. This research was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Lansing, MI, USA). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 163 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.05.017 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 996ST UT WOS:000308115800004 PM 22659053 ER PT J AU Lepak, JM Hooten, MB Johnson, BM AF Lepak, Jesse M. Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Brett M. TI The influence of external subsidies on diet, growth and Hg concentrations of freshwater sport fish: implications for management and fish consumption advisories SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Walleye; Hatchery subsidies; Rainbow trout; Stocking ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ONTARIO LAKES; NORTHERN PIKE; UNITED-STATES; WALLEYE; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; INTRODUCTIONS; DELTA-C-13 AB Mercury (Hg) contamination in sport fish is a global problem. In freshwater systems, food web structure, sport fish sex, size, diet and growth rates influence Hg bioaccumulation. Fish stocking is a common management practice worldwide that can introduce external energy and contaminants into freshwater systems. Thus, stocking can alter many of the factors that influence Hg concentrations in sport fish. Here we evaluated the influence of external subsidies, in the form of hatchery-raised rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on walleye Sander vitreus diet, growth and Hg concentrations in two freshwater systems. Stocking differentially influenced male and female walleye diets and growth, producing a counterintuitive size-contamination relationship. Modeling indicated that walleye growth rate and diet were important explanatory variables when predicting Hg concentrations. Thus, hatchery contributions to freshwater systems in the form of energy and contaminants can influence diet, growth and Hg concentrations in sport fish. Given the extensive scale of fish stocking, and the known health risks associated with Hg contamination, this represents a significant issue for managers monitoring and manipulating freshwater food web structures, and policy makers attempting to develop fish consumption advisories to protect human health in stocked systems. C1 [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Parks & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lepak, JM (reprint author), Colorado Parks & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jmlepak@lamar.colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment FX We acknowledge the Colorado State University Fisheries Ecology Lab, Quicksilver Scientific, the Cornell Stable Isotope Facility and D. Winkelman for lab and field support. We thank the Colorado Parks and Wildlife and Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment for project funding. We thank V. Ruiz-Gutierrez for reviewing this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1878 EP 1888 DI 10.1007/s10646-012-0921-4 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 998JX UT WOS:000308235500011 PM 22699411 ER PT J AU Sulak, KJ Berg, JJ Randall, M AF Sulak, Kenneth J. Berg, James J. Randall, Michael TI Feeding habitats of the Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the Suwannee and Yellow rivers, Florida, as identified by multiple stable isotope analyses SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Food habits; Freshwater feeding; Stable isotopes; Carbon; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Suwannee River; Florida ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; FOOD-WEBS; SALT-MARSH; ORGANIC-MATTER; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; CARBON ISOTOPES; FISH MIGRATION; ESTUARINE; NITROGEN; DELTA-C-13 AB Stable C-13, N-15, and S-34 isotopes were analyzed to define the feeding habitats of Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in the Suwannee and Yellow River populations. For the majority (93.9%) of Suwannee subadults and adults, C-13 and S-34 signatures indicate use of nearshore marine waters as primary winter feeding habitat, probably due to the limiting size of the Suwannee Sound estuary. In the Yellow River population, C-13 isotope signatures indicate that adults remain primarily within Pensacola Bay estuary to feed in winter, rather than emigrating to the open Gulf of Mexico. A minor Suwannee River subset (6% of samples), comprised of juveniles and subadults, displayed C-13 signatures indicating continued feeding in freshwater during the spring immigration and fall emigration periods. This cannot be interpreted as incidental feeding since it resulted in a 20.5% turnover in tissue delta C-13 signatures over a 1-3 month period. Cessation of feeding in the general population does not coincide with high river water temperatures. The hypothesis of reduced feeding in freshwater due to localized prey depletion as a result of spatial activity restriction is not supported by the present study. Instead, Suwannee River A. o. desotoi appear to follow two trophic alternatives; 1) complete cessation of feeding immediately upon immigration in spring, continuing through emigration 8-9 months later (the predominant alternative); 2) continued intensive feeding for 1-3 months following immigration, switching to freshwater prey, selected primarily from high trophic levels (i.e., large prey). Stable delta S-34 data verifies that recently immigrated, fully-anadromous A. o. desotoi adults had fed in nearshore marine waters, not offshore waters. C1 [Sulak, Kenneth J.; Berg, James J.; Randall, Michael] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sulak, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ksulak@usgs.gov FU USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program; Fisheries: Aquatic and Endangered Resources Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Marine Fisheries Service; State of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Non-Game Wildlife Program; Florida Sturgeon Production Program FX This study is, in part, a product of the USGS 'Sturgeon Quest' Initiative, dedicated to advancing sturgeon science through collaboration, integration, and education. Support was provided by the USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program, and by the Fisheries: Aquatic and Endangered Resources Program. We are grateful to a large number of biologists, technical assistants, university interns, and volunteers who assisted with field collections and preparation of tissue samples. The present research was supported in part by funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Marine Fisheries Service, State of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Non-Game Wildlife Program, and Florida Sturgeon Production Program. Sulfur isotope analyses were contributed by USGS colleagues (C. Kendall, lead), Menlo Park, CA. Thanks to J. Adler and two anonymous reviewers for critical review of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this manuscript is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2012 VL 95 IS 2 BP 237 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9986-4 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 000DD UT WOS:000308365800006 ER PT J AU Ensign, SH Doyle, MW Piehler, MF AF Ensign, Scott H. Doyle, Martin W. Piehler, Michael F. TI Tidal geomorphology affects phytoplankton at the transition from forested streams to tidal rivers SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluvial geomorphology; hydraulic geometry; irradiance; phytoplankton; tidal freshwater river ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARIES; FRESH-WATER; BLACKWATER RIVER; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; SCHELDE ESTUARY; NEUSE RIVER; REACHES; MATTER AB 1. Coastal rivers can have long tidally influenced reaches that are affected by tides but do not contain saline water. These tidal freshwater reaches have steep geomorphic gradients where the river transitions from narrow, heavily shaded streams to wide, unshaded channels. The influence of these gradients on river ecosystem production is poorly understood. 2. We characterised gradients in irradiance, geomorphology, water clarity and chlorophyll a along 9- to 16-km tidal freshwater reaches of the Newport and White Oak Rivers in North Carolina, USA, and examined the effect of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton growth in the Newport River. Underwater irradiance was modelled at 24 week intervals along both rivers using measurements of the above-canopy irradiance, canopy cover, water column light attenuation (Kd) and water depth. Suspended material (TSS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll a were sampled at 2-week interval at five sites on the Newport River and on four dates at four sites on the White Oak River over the course of one year. 3. Phytoplankton nutrient limitation was assessed at three locations along the tidal gradient. River water was collected during March, April, June and October, and incubated in 10-L plastic outdoor containers under ambient water temperature and sunlight. Additions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus served as treatments; growth rate during the 4 days of incubation was calculated from the change in chlorophyll a concentration over time. 4. Canopy cover decreased from more than 90% to <10% over the length of both tidal freshwater rivers. Water column irradiance and phytoplankton biomass increased as tree canopy cover decreased and channel width increased. Channel width exceeded predictions for non-tidal rivers by threefold because of tidal influence. TSS and DOC decreased significantly along the length of the Newport River, but no significant gradients were observed in the White Oak River. Kd did not vary along the tidal gradient of either river. 5. Mesocosm experiments indicated that inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus enhanced the growth of phytoplankton advected from the non-tidal river into the tidal freshwater river during spring and summer. Phytoplankton in the tidal freshwater reach were generally not nutrient limited. 6. Tidal hydrology (in the absence of saltwater) directly affected the morphology of the channel and indirectly affected biological growth and production. The significant increase in river width, irradiance and phytoplankton biomass distinguished these tidal freshwater ecosystems from their upstream (non-tidal fluvial) counterparts, while the strong influence of riparian shading distinguished them from the saline estuaries downstream. Future development of ecosystem and biogeochemical models for tidal freshwater rivers will benefit from the linkages between geomorphology and biological processes identified here. C1 [Ensign, Scott H.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Environm & Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Doyle, Martin W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Piehler, Michael F.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Ensign, SH (reprint author), USGS Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM sensign@usgs.gov RI Piehler, Michael/C-3844-2011 FU NSF REU [0441504]; EPA STAR [FP-91686901-0]; NSF [EAR-0815627]; NOAA; US EPA under the STAR FX We thank J. Muehlbauer, K. Siporin, A. Smyth, L. Stevenson, S. Thompson, B. VonKorff and Dr. J. Weiss for field and laboratory help, statistical support and reviews. H. Godwin and D. Wilke provided access to field sites on their property. This project was funded by NSF REU # 0441504 (M. W. D.), EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship #FP-91686901-0 (S. H. E.), NSF EAR-0815627 (M. F. P.) and the NOAA Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise Program (M. F. P.). The research described in this paper has been funded in part by the US EPA under the STAR Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2141 EP 2155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02856.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 000RL UT WOS:000308405300012 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Ries, L Reeves, R Regetz, J Oberhauser, KS AF Zipkin, Elise F. Ries, Leslie Reeves, Rick Regetz, James Oberhauser, Karen S. TI Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding habitat; Danaus plexippus; growing degree day; palmer drought index; phenology; Poisson regression model; return migration ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; BIRDS; SHIFTS; LEPIDOPTERA; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE AB Understanding the impacts of climate on migratory species is complicated by the fact that these species travel through several climates that may be changing in diverse ways throughout their complete migratory cycle. Most studies are not designed to tease out the direct and indirect effects of climate at various stages along the migration route. We assess the impacts of spring and summer climate conditions on breeding monarch butterflies, a species that completes its annual migration cycle over several generations. No single, broad-scale climate metric can explain summer breeding phenology or the substantial year-to-year fluctuations observed in population abundances. As such, we built a Poisson regression model to help explain annual arrival times and abundances in the Midwestern United States. We incorporated the climate conditions experienced both during a spring migration/breeding phase in Texas as well as during subsequent arrival and breeding during the main recruitment period in Ohio. Using data from a state-wide butterfly monitoring network in Ohio, our results suggest that climate acts in conflicting ways during the spring and summer seasons. High spring precipitation in Texas is associated with the largest annual population growth in Ohio and the earliest arrival to the summer breeding ground, as are intermediate spring temperatures in Texas. On the other hand, the timing of monarch arrivals to the summer breeding grounds is not affected by climate conditions within Ohio. Once in Ohio for summer breeding, precipitation has minimal impacts on overall abundances, whereas warmer summer temperatures are generally associated with the highest expected abundances, yet this effect is mitigated by the average seasonal temperature of each location in that the warmest sites receive no benefit of above average summer temperatures. Our results highlight the complex relationship between climate and performance for a migrating species and suggest that attempts to understand how monarchs will be affected by future climate conditions will be challenging. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.; Ries, Leslie] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ries, Leslie] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Reeves, Rick; Regetz, James] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 92101 USA. [Oberhauser, Karen S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ezipkin@usgs.gov FU Monarch Joint Venture; Council on Environmental Cooperation; SESYNC (National Socio-environmental Synthesis Center) FX The work in this manuscript was done as part of a NCEAS (National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis) working group studying the effects of climate change on monarchs. We would like to thank all members of our working group for their thoughtful feedback and useful advice during model development. We also thank Andy Davis and Andy Royle who provided detailed guidance on the model development and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for LR was provided by the Monarch Joint Venture, the Council on Environmental Cooperation, and SESYNC (National Socio-environmental Synthesis Center). Finally, we would like to thank the Ohio Lepidopterist Society: Jerry Weidmann and Rick Ruggles, who provided access to the data as well as the dozens of volunteers, without whose dedication this work would not have been possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Manuscript has Bureau Approval (27 March 2012). NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 22 U2 285 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 18 IS 10 BP 3039 EP 3049 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02751.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001ES UT WOS:000308443800006 ER PT J AU Zald, HSJ Spies, TA Huso, M Gatziolis, D AF Zald, Harold S. J. Spies, Thomas A. Huso, Manuela Gatziolis, Demetrios TI Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Topography; Oregon Cascades; Snow; Subalpine meadow; Tree invasion; LiDAR ID OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIONAL-PARK; SEED RAIN; FOREST; SNOW; ESTABLISHMENT; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; PATTERNS AB Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8 % in 1950 to 35 % in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions. C1 [Zald, Harold S. J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Huso, Manuela] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gatziolis, Demetrios] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Zald, HSJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM harold.zald@oregonstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Native Plant Society of Oregon; Oregon State University FX Funding was provided by: the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program; The Native Plant Society of Oregon, and the Hoener Memorial Fellowship program at Oregon State University. Special thanks to A. Gonsiewski for field data collection, K. Olsen for GIS assistance, and the Willamette National Forest. We thank C. Halpern, B. McCune, A. Gray, M. Wing, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1212 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9774-8 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 999QL UT WOS:000308329200009 ER PT J AU Collett, TS Lee, MW AF Collett, Timothy S. Lee, Myung W. TI Well Log Characterization of Natural Gas-Hydrates SO PETROPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In the last 25 years there have been significant advancements in the use of well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrates in nature: whereas wireline electrical resistivity and acoustic logs were formerly used to identify gas-hydrate occurrences in wells drilled in Arctic permafrost environments, more advanced wireline and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools are now routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas-hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. Resistivity- and acoustic-logging tools are the most widely used for estimating the gas-hydrate content (i.e., reservoir saturations) in various sediment types and geologic settings. Recent integrated sediment coring and well-log studies have confirmed that electrical-resistivity and acoustic-velocity data can yield accurate gas-hydrate saturations in sediment grain-supported (isotropic) systems such as sand reservoirs, but more advanced log-analysis models are required to characterize gas hydrate in fractured (anisotropic) reservoir systems. New well-logging tools designed to make directionally oriented acoustic and propagation-resistivity log measurements provide the data needed to analyze the acoustic and electrical anisotropic properties of both highly interbedded and fracture-dominated gas-hydrate reservoirs. Advancements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging and wireline formation testing (WFT) also allow for the characterization of gas hydrate at the pore scale. Integrated NMR and formation testing studies from northern Canada and Alaska have yielded valuable insight into how gas hydrates are physically distributed in sediments and the occurrence and nature of pore fluids (i.e., free water along with clay- and capillary-bound water) in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs. Information on the distribution of gas hydrate at the pore scale has provided invaluable insight on the mechanisms controlling the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate in nature along with data on gas-hydrate reservoir properties (i.e., porosities and permeabilities) needed to accurately predict gas production rates for various gas-hydrate production schemes. C1 [Collett, Timothy S.; Lee, Myung W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS-939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov; mlee@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC PETROPHYSICISTS & WELL LOG ANALYSTS-SPWLA PI HOUSTON PA 8866 GULF FREEWAY, STE 320, HOUSTON, TX 77017 USA SN 1529-9074 J9 PETROPHYSICS JI Petrophysics PD OCT PY 2012 VL 53 IS 5 BP 348 EP 367 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Petroleum SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA V33UB UT WOS:000209042600004 ER PT J AU Woo, I Takekawa, JY AF Woo, I. Takekawa, J. Y. TI Will inundation and salinity levels associated with projected sea level rise reduce the survival, growth, and reproductive capacity of Sarcocornia pacifica (pickleweed)? SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE San Francisco Bay Estuary; Sarcocornia pacifica; Tidal marsh; Sea-level rise; Plant survival ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SALICORNIA-VIRGINICA L; SPARTINA-FOLIOSA TRIN; SALT MARSHES; TIDAL MARSHES; HABITAT SELECTION; COASTAL MARSHES; PLANT ZONATION; BLACK RAILS; WATER-LEVEL AB In the San Francisco Bay Estuary, CA, USA, sea level rise (SLR) is projected to increase by 1.4 m during the next 90 years resulting in increased inundation and salt water intrusion up-estuary. Since inundation and salinity are critical factors that drive vegetation structure and composition in coastal wetlands, we asked whether inundation and salinity levels associated with SLR would reduce the survival, growth, and reproductive capacity of a dominant halophyte, Sarcocornia pacifica (pickleweed). We conducted a 4 x 4 factorial greenhouse experiment to examine the effects of a range of inundation periods (25, 50, 75, and 100%) and water salinities (0, 10, 20, 30 psu) on individual S. pacifica adults and seedlings. We found that inundation and salinity treatments affected the height of adults and seedlings combined. When examined separately, adult height was negatively affected by inundation >= 75%, while seedling height was affected by the interaction of both inundation and salinity. Adult belowground biomass was negatively affected by complete inundation. Seedling aboveground biomass decreased 46% at the highest salinity (30 psu) and belowground biomass decreased at salinities >= 20 psu. Adult flower production was not affected by treatments but was reduced by 38% at 30 psu salinity for seedlings. While adult survival was 99%, seedling survival was 56% with greatest mortality at low (25%) inundation, possibly because their roots were more susceptible to desiccation. Vegetation structure of the marsh platform comprised of S. pacifica adults will be susceptible to greater inundation rates associated with SLR. Our results suggest that adults may grow less tall, thus altering the vegetation structure and likely the tidal marsh wildlife that rely on these habitats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Woo, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM iwoo@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Western Ecological Research Center; San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station; Wetland Restoration Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Wetland Restoration Program and U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. We thank A. Westhoff for managing the greenhouse; C. Morton and R. Blizard (Caltrans, District 4) for permission to access Guadalcanal Restoration site; J. Yee and K. Spragens for statistical help; S. Demers, D. Gaube, J. Bluso-Demers, and C. Reyes for plant measurements; and M. Iglecia, A. Smith, and K. Thorne for editing assistance. We thank J. Zedler and J. Callaway for consulting on the manuscript; and G. Wylie, L. Windham-Myers, S. Jones, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 102 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.03.014 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 983XX UT WOS:000307153100002 ER PT J AU Charlestra, L Amirbahman, A Courtemanch, DL Alvarez, DA Patterson, H AF Charlestra, Lucner Amirbahman, Aria Courtemanch, David L. Alvarez, David A. Patterson, Howard TI Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pesticide; Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS); Sampling rate; Passive sampling; Natural organic matter ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; UPTAKE RATE CONSTANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PASSIVE SAMPLER; UPTAKE KINETICS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; DRINKING-WATER; IN-SITU; CONTAMINANTS AB The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was calibrated to monitor pesticides in water under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the sampling rates (R-s) was evaluated in microcosms containing <0.1-5 mg L-1 of total organic carbon (TOC). The effect of hydrodynamics was studied by comparing Rs values measured in stirred (SBE) and quiescent (QBE) batch experiments and a flow-through system (FTS). The level of NOM in the water used in these experiments had no effect on the magnitude of the pesticide sampling rates (p > 0.05). However, flow velocity and turbulence significantly increased the sampling rates of the pesticides in the FTS and SBE compared to the QBE (p < 0.001). The calibration data generated can be used to derive pesticide concentrations in water from POCIS deployed in stagnant and turbulent environmental systems without correction for NOM. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patterson, Howard] Univ Maine, Dept Chem, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Charlestra, Lucner] Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Amirbahman, Aria] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Courtemanch, David L.] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Patterson, H (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Chem, 375 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM howard.patterson@umit.maine.edu FU Maine Department of Environmental Protection; Department of Marine Resources; United States Geological Survey (USGS)/Water Resource Research Institute (WRRI) FX This research was sponsored by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection, the Department of Marine Resources, the United States Geological Survey (USGS)/Water Resource Research Institute (WRRI), and the generous donation of Rita and Richard Seger. We thank Lewis B. Perkins at University of Maine's Food Science laboratory, and staff of the Maine Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory for facilitating the analyses of pesticide samples. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 169 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983UQ UT WOS:000307144600013 PM 22705502 ER PT J AU Tormann, T Wiemer, S Hardebeck, JL AF Tormann, T. Wiemer, S. Hardebeck, J. L. TI Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; LOMA-PRIETA; PREDICTION EXPERIMENT; PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; RUPTURE AREA; B-VALUE; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA AB Parkfield's regularly occurring M6 mainshocks, about every 25 years, have over two decades stoked seismologists' hopes to successfully predict an earthquake of significant size. However, with the longest known inter-event time of 38 years, the latest M6 in the series (28 Sep 2004) did not conform to any of the applied forecast models, questioning once more the predictability of earthquakes in general. Our study investigates the spatial pattern of b-values along the Parkfield segment through the seismic cycle and documents a stably stressed structure. The forecasted rate of M6 earthquakes based on Parkfield's microseismicity b-values corresponds well to observed rates. We interpret the observed b-value stability in terms of the evolution of the stress field in that area: the M6 Parkfield earthquakes do not fully unload the stress on the fault, explaining why time recurrent models fail. We present the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake as counter example, which did release a significant portion of the stress along its fault segment and yields a substantial change in b-values. Citation: Tormann, T., S. Wiemer, and J. L. Hardebeck (2012), Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18310, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052913. C1 [Tormann, T.; Wiemer, S.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Seismol Serv, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hardebeck, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Tormann, T (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Seismol Serv, NO H61,Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM thessa.tormann@sed.ethz.ch RI Wiemer, Stefan/E-5033-2015; OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 FU SNF grant [PMPDP2 134174] FX We thank J. Zechar, C. Kreemer, A. Michael, J. Rubinstein, W. Bakun, two anonymous reviewers and the editor A. Newman for their help in improving this paper. Earthquake catalog data was obtained from the Advanced National Seismic System (http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.html). The figures were produced with the generic mapping tools (http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/). Part of this study was funded through SNF grant PMPDP2 134174. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L18310 DI 10.1029/2012GL052913 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 014ZY UT WOS:000309415700001 ER PT J AU Schreck, CB McCormick, SD Bjornsson, BT Stefansson, SO Ueda, H AF Schreck, Carl B. McCormick, Steven D. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur Stefansson, Sigurd O. Ueda, Hiroshi TI Introduction to the 8th International Workshop on Smoltification and a synthesis of major findings SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCormick, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fish Endocrinol Lab, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Stefansson, Sigurd O.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Ueda, Hiroshi] Hokkaido Univ, Field Sci Ctr No Biosphere, Lab Aquat Bioresources & Ecosyst, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. RP Schreck, CB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM carl.schreck@oregonstate.edu OI Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 98 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.001 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000014 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, GB Zydlewski, J AF Zydlewski, Gayle B. Zydlewski, Joseph TI Gill Na+,K+-ATPase of Atlantic salmon smolts in freshwater is not a predictor of long-term growth in seawater SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity; Smolt; Atlantic salmon; Growth; Plasma osmolality; Seawater tolerance ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; SALINITY TOLERANCE; NA+/K+-ATPASE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RESPIRATORY RESPONSES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; THYROID-HORMONES; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity is a widely used measure of osmoregulatory preparedness in salmonid smolts. The degree to which this measure may predict long term performance is uncertain. In order to assess the relationship of this enzyme to long term growth and ion homeostasis, a cohort of Atlantic salmon hatchery smolts was used in a controlled environment with no salinity perturbations. In May 2006, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity from 940 individually PIT tagged, Penobscot River smolts (USFWS, Green Lake National Fish Hatchery, Maine, United States) was measured immediately prior to isothermal transfer from freshwater to 32 ppt seawater. From the observed range of activities, individuals were classified as having "low", "middle", or "high" enzyme activity levels. Individual size (fork length and mass) was recorded on days 0, 1, 3, and 14 and monthly for four months. Growth rates over four time periods were calculated for individual fish maintained until the end of the experiment. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activities were also measured from a subset of sampled fish. All groups effectively osmoregulated as evidenced by minor perturbations in plasma osmolyte levels. Apart from initial weight loss on transfer, fish grew throughout the experiment, however, there were no differences (fish size, growth rate, and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity in seawater) among groups with initially different gill Na+,K+-ATPase activities (prior to seawater entry). While gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity may be predictive of performance during the acute phase of acclimation (first few days), typical variation in this enzyme, expressed in freshwater at the peak of smolting, does not appear to be predictive of long-term growth in seawater. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zydlewski, Gayle B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Zydlewski, GB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gayle.zydlewski@umit.maine.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.024 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000017 ER PT J AU Stefansson, SO Haugland, M Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD Holm, M Ebbesson, LOE Holst, JC Nilsen, TO AF Stefansson, Sigurd O. Haugland, Monika Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. Holm, Marianne Ebbesson, Lars O. E. Holst, Jens Chr. Nilsen, Tom O. TI Growth, osmoregulation and endocrine changes in wild Atlantic salmon smolts and post-smolts during marine migration SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Energetics; Growth hormone; IGF-I; Thyroid hormones; Na plus , K plus -ATPase; IGF-I receptor ID TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; ALPHA-SUBUNIT ISOFORMS; SALAR L. SMOLTS; COHO SALMON; FACTOR-I; NA+,K+,2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; THYROID-HORMONES AB We have examined physiological parameters associated with seawater adaptability, growth and energetics, as well as major endocrine regulators of these processes in wild migrating Atlantic salmon smolts and post-smolts from the river through the fjord, coastal areas and the open ocean. Muscle RNA/DNA ratio suggests that growth rate increases soon after entry into seawater and continues to increase after the post-smolts reach the offshore banks and the feeding grounds in the Norwegian Sea. Post-smolts prioritize rapid growth and protein deposition in spring and summer, and their energy intake during this period is so high that deposition of energy is possible in addition to muscle growth. An increase in thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3) levels was observed, suggesting a major activation of hepatic conversion of T-4 to T-3 in post-smolts in seawater, probably related to the high metabolic activity and rapid growth and development of the post-smolts. Decreased plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were observed from the river through the fjord, with levels around 2 ng ml(-1) in rapidly growing post-smolts, concurrent with an increase in circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). An increase in pituitary GH expression levels and hepatic GH receptor (GH-R) and local IGF-I mRNA levels suggest a physiological basis for the changes in circulating GH and IGF-I levels. Receptor expression in brain and pituitary suggests that both hormones are actively involved in the growth and differentiation of these tissues during the critical early marine phase. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity increased to post-smolt levels above 20 mu mol ADP mg prot.(divided by 1) h(divided by 1), probably representing long-term NKA activity levels of Atlantic salmon in seawater. Concurrent with the changes in NKA activity the expression of the NKA alpha 1b isoform remained high in post-smolts, while the expression of the NKA alpha 1a decreased from smolts to post-smolts. Both cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) I and II showed a reduction in mRNA levels from smolts to post-smolts, and remained stable at low expression levels in seawater. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stefansson, Sigurd O.; Haugland, Monika; Ebbesson, Lars O. E.; Nilsen, Tom O.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen High Technol Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [McCormick, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Haugland, Monika; Holm, Marianne; Holst, Jens Chr.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Stefansson, SO (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen High Technol Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM Sigurd.stefansson@bio.uib.no OI Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 88 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.002 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000018 ER PT J AU Brignon, WR Olson, DE Schaller, HA Schreck, CB AF Brignon, William R. Olson, Douglas E. Schaller, Howard A. Schreck, Carl B. TI Factors influencing density, distribution, and mesohabitat selection of juvenile wild salmonids and residual hatchery winter steelhead SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Residual steelhead; Hatchery wild interactions; Eagle Creek; Oregon ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CHINOOK SALMON; SMALL STREAMS; BROWN TROUT; FISH; COMPETITION; GAIRDNERI AB To best manage Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery, negative interactions between hatchery salmonids and Endangered Species Act listed wild salmonids in the Eagle Creek Basin need to be minimized. Our objectives were: 1) to compare summer rearing densities in two similar streams, where one stream received a release of hatchery salmonids and one stream did not receive a release of hatchery salmonids, 2) to determine if residual hatchery winter steelhead were present in the Eagle Creek Basin, and 3) if so, determine how their presence and density relates to mesohabitat selection and distribution of naturally produced salmonids. A comprehensive snorkel survey identified significantly higher densities of juvenile coho salmon rearing in North Fork Eagle Creek, compared to upper and lower Eagle Creek. We found age 0 winter steelhead in significantly higher densities in upper Eagle Creek as opposed to lower Eagle Creek and North Fork Eagle Creek. Residual hatchery steelhead were located only in Eagle Creek and were rearing in the same 15 mesohabitat units that contained the estimated majority of wild fish populations. In Eagle Creek, the probability of occurrence for all species, regardless of origin, was highest in the vicinity of the hatchery. Residual hatchery winter steelhead density indicated a negative relationship with age 0 winter steelhead density. Due to residual hatchery winter steelhead being present in only 15 sampled habitat units we recommend future sampling effort be focused in areas with known populations of residual hatchery winter steelhead to determine if a distinct relationship between these population densities exists. From these data it is unclear if residual hatchery steelhead are affecting densities, distributions, and mesohabitat selection of wild salmonids in the basin. However, while we were unable to detect any direct impacts of residual hatchery fish on the wild population, these results do suggest the potential exists for competitive ecological interactions between hatchery and wild populations. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Brignon, William R.; Olson, Douglas E.; Schaller, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Brignon, William R.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brignon, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM bill_brignon@fws.gov NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.040 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000019 ER PT J AU Clements, S Stahl, T Schreck, CB AF Clements, Shaun Stahl, Thomas Schreck, Carl B. TI A comparison of the behavior and survival of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (O-mykiss) in a small estuary system SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Salmon; Smolt; Estuary; Survival; Predation; Behavior ID ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SALAR L; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; COLUMBIA RIVER; CHINOOK; SMOLTS; GROWTH; STOCKS; WILD AB We used radio and acoustic telemetry to study the behavior and survival of wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead outmigrants in a small coastal estuary during two years. Survival was generally low for hatchery fish but more variable, both within and between years, for wild steelhead. The rate of downstream movement in the river varied both within and between species and was generally not correlated with flow. Both hatchery and wild steelhead tended to spend less than a day in the estuary, and tended to move downstream on outgoing tides. In contrast, hatchery coho salmon spent a longer period of time in the estuary (similar to 8 d). On several occasions, coho salmon were observed moving both upstream and downstream between the upper (freshwater) and lower (saline) zones of the estuary. We also documented a high incidence of predation by avian and mammalian predators on coho outmigrants. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clements, Shaun; Stahl, Thomas; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit OCFWRU, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), 28655 Hwy 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Shaun.Clements@oregonstate.edu NR 53 TC 10 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.11.029 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000020 ER PT J AU Yada, T McCormick, SD Hyodo, S AF Yada, Takashi McCormick, Stephen D. Hyodo, Susumu TI Effects of environmental salinity, biopsy, and GH and IGF-I administration on the expression of immune and osmoregulatory genes in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Atlantic salmon; Gills; NKA; CFTR; GH; IGF-I ID TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; CFTR ANION CHANNEL; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; NA+/K+-ATPASE; CHLORIDE CELLS; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; TELEOST FISH; RICH CELLS; 2 STRAINS AB Immune-endocrine interactions are thought to be important for fish health, especially following injury of peripheral tissues. We investigated the influences of gill biopsy (surgical removal of several gill filaments with minimal bleeding) on mRNA levels of osmoregulatory and immune genes in peripheral tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW). The effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, which are known as both osmoregulatory and immunomodulatory hormones, were also examined in FW- and SW-acclimated fish. Compared with the intact gill arch of the same fish, the residuary filaments after biopsy showed significant reduction in Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA levels in FW fish. In contrast, mRNA levels of these genes in the filaments with biopsy were increased in SW fish. Increased caspase gene transcription was observed in the cut filaments of SW fish, but not in those of FW fish. Lysozyme gene transcription was stimulated in the residuary gill filaments after biopsy in both FW and SW. Administration of salmon GH or IGF-I increased mRNA levels of NKA, CFTR, caspase, and lysozyme in the gills after biopsy in FW fish. In SW-acclimated fish, there was no significant effect of GH or IGF-I on the transcription of osmoregulatory or immune genes. The results in this study showed tight relationships between immunity, osmoregulation, and endocrine system in fish gills, and that nonlethal gill biopsy can be used for investigations of fish health. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yada, Takashi] Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Hyodo, Susumu] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 164, Japan. RP Yada, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. EM yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.12.029 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000024 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JA Romer, J Sifneos, JC Madsen, L Schreck, CB Glynn, M Kent, ML AF Ferguson, Jayde A. Romer, Jeremy Sifneos, Jean C. Madsen, Lisa Schreck, Carl B. Glynn, Michael Kent, Michael L. TI Impacts of multispecies parasitism on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Oregon SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Parasites; Mixed infections; Fitness correlates; Wild coho salmon smolts; Threatened stocks ID EUBOTHRIUM-SALVELINI CESTODA; K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; NANOPHYETUS-SALMINCOLA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; CHINOOK SALMON; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; TROUT AB We are studying the impacts of parasites on threatened stocks of Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In our previous studies, we have found high infections of digeneans and myxozoans in coho salmon parr from the lower main stem of West Fork Smith River (WFSR), Oregon. In contrast parr from tributaries of this river, and outmigrating smolts, harbor considerably less parasites. Thus, we have hypothesized that heavy parasite burdens in parr from this river are associated with poor overwintering survival. The objective of the current study was to ascertain the possible effects these parasites have on smolt fitness. We captured parr from the lower main stem and tributaries of WFSR and held them in the laboratory to evaluate performance endpoints of smolts with varying degrees of infection by three digeneans (Nanophyetus salmincola, Apophallus sp., and neascus) and one myxozoan (Myxobolus insidiosus). The parameters we assessed were weight, fork length, growth, swimming stamina, and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. We repeated our study on the subsequent year class and with hatchery reared coho salmon experimentally infected with N. salmincola. The most significant associations between parasites and these performance or fitness endpoints were observed in the heavily infected groups from both years. We found that all parasite species, except neascus, were negatively associated with fish fitness. This was corroborated for N. salmincola causing reduced growth with our experimental infection study. Parasites were most negatively associated with growth and size, and these parameters likely influenced the secondary findings with swimming stamina and ATPase activity levels. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferguson, Jayde A.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sifneos, Jean C.; Madsen, Lisa] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Glynn, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ferguson, JA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Fish Pathol Lab, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM jayde.ferguson@alaska.gov NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.003 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000025 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Lerner, DT Regish, AM O'Dea, MF Monette, MY AF McCormick, Stephen D. Lerner, Darren T. Regish, Amy M. O'Dea, Michael F. Monette, Michelle Y. TI Thresholds for short-term acid and aluminum impacts on Atlantic salmon smolts SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Atlantic salmon; Acidification; Aluminum; Osmoregulation; Na+/K+-ATPase; Stress ID SEAWATER TOLERANCE; SALAR SMOLTS; MARINE SURVIVAL; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; GILL EPITHELIUM; STREAM WATER; EXPOSURE; TROUT; CORTISOL; PARR AB Although the negative effects of acid and aluminum (Al) on smolt development have been known for some time, the thresholds for impact of short-term exposure of several days that may occur during episodic acidification have not been systematically examined. In order to determine the levels of acid and Al that impact juvenile Atlantic salmon, smolts and yolk-sac larvae were exposed to three pH levels (6.0, 5.7, and 5.3) and four added Al levels (0, 40, 80 and 175 mu g/L total Al) for 48 h. Following this treatment, 10 smolts were sampled in freshwater and another 10 were subjected to a 24 h seawater challenge (35 ppt). Survival of yolk-sac larvae was >96% in all acid and Al treatments. All smolts died within 48 h at pH 5.3, 175 mu g L-1 Al. There were some mortalities in freshwater at pH 5.3, 80 mu g L-1 Al and pH 5.7, 175 mu g L-1 Al, and further mortalities when these fish were transferred to seawater. Mortalities in these groups were associated with decreased plasma chloride in freshwater and higher plasma chloride in seawater, indicating that these smolts had lost seawater tolerance. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity decreased at pH 5.7, 175 mu g L-1 Al in freshwater, and further decreases were observed at more moderate pH and Al exposures after transfer to seawater. Hematocrit and plasma glucose were the most sensitive physiological responses, increasing at all Al treatments at pH 5.7 and 5.3 in freshwater. There was no detectable increase in gill Al levels at pH 6.0 with added Al, whereas substantial increases in gill Al were observed in all added Al groups at pH 5.7 and 5.3. Our results demonstrate a critical interaction between acid and Al in their effects on smolts, and that episodic acidification events will negatively impact smolt survival in freshwater and after seawater entry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Lerner, Darren T.; Regish, Amy M.; O'Dea, Michael F.; Monette, Michelle Y.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.; Lerner, Darren T.; Monette, Michelle Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolut Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lerner, Darren T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI USA. [Lerner, Darren T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Monette, Michelle Y.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, New Haven, CT USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.001 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000030 ER PT J AU Hanson, AM Kittilson, JD McCormick, SD Sheridan, MA AF Hanson, Andrea M. Kittilson, Jeffrey D. McCormick, Stephen D. Sheridan, Mark A. TI Effects of 17 beta-estradiol, 4-nonylphenol, and beta-sitosterol on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor system and seawater adaptation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Newport, OR DE Environmental estrogen; Growth hormone receptor; Insulin-like growth factor-1; Insulin-like growth factor-2; Insulin-like growth factor receptor ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; FACTOR-I; OSMOREGULATORY ACTIONS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; IGF-I; FISH; SOMATOSTATIN; ACCLIMATION AB Previous studies show that successful adaptation of euryhaline teleost fish to seawater (SW) involves the GH-IGF system. The increasing occurrence, distribution, and concentration of environmental contaminants, including environmental estrogens (EE), in aquatic habit over recent time may compromise the hypoosmoreegulatory ability of fish. In this study, we used rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to assess the effects of EE on the GH-IGF system and adaptation to increased salinity. Juvenile trout (ca. 30 g) were exposed to either low (10 mu g/l) or high (100 mu g/l) concentrations of beta-sitosterol, 4-n-nonylphenol (NP), or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) for 28 days in fresh water (FW); after which, fish were exposed to 20% SW. Plasma chloride levels in control fish rose initially, and then declined to initial levels after 48 h. By contrast, plasma chloride levels in all EE-treated groups except beta-sitosterol low increased and remained elevated over initial levels after 48 h. Levels GH receptor 1 (GHR 1), GHR 2, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and IGF-2mRNAs in liver of control fish increased 6-12 h after SW exposure. In gill, levels of GHR 1, GHR 2, IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF receptor 1A (IGFR1A), and IGFR1B mRNAs increased in control fish 6-12 h after 20% SW exposure. Levels of IGFR1A and IGFR1B mRNAs in white muscle and of IGFR1A mRNA in red muscle increased in control fish 6-12 h after 20% SW exposure. Expression of all mRNAs in liver, gill, and red and white muscle declined from peak levels in control fish by 48 h after transfer. Exposure of fish to beta-sitosterol, NP, and E2 abolished or attenuated normal salinity-induced changes in the expression of GHR, IGF, and IGFR1 mRNAs in all tissues. These results indicate that EE reduces salinity adaptation by inhibiting components of the GH-IGF system. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sheridan, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dept 2715, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Sheridan, MA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dept 2715, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM mark.sheridan@ndsu.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 362 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.015 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017QI UT WOS:000309605000032 ER PT J AU Kim, SL Tinker, MT Estes, JA Koch, PL AF Kim, Sora L. Tinker, M. Tim Estes, James A. Koch, Paul L. TI Ontogenetic and Among-Individual Variation in Foraging Strategies of Northeast Pacific White Sharks Based on Stable Isotope Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; SEA OTTERS; DIETARY SPECIALIZATION; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CARBON ISOTOPES AB There is growing evidence for individuality in dietary preferences and foraging behaviors within populations of various species. This is especially important for apex predators, since they can potentially have wide dietary niches and a large impact on trophic dynamics within ecosystems. We evaluate the diet of an apex predator, the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), by measuring the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of vertebral growth bands to create lifetime records for 15 individuals from California. Isotopic variations in white shark diets can reflect within-region differences among prey (most importantly related to trophic level), as well as differences in baseline values among the regions in which sharks forage, and both prey and habitat preferences may shift with age. The magnitude of isotopic variation among sharks in our study (>5 parts per thousand for both elements) is too great to be explained solely by geographic differences, and so must reflect differences in prey choice that may vary with sex, size, age and location. Ontogenetic patterns in delta N-15 values vary considerably among individuals, and one third of the population fit each of these descriptions: 1) delta N-15 values increased throughout life, 2) delta N-15 values increased to a plateau at similar to 5 years of age, and 3) delta N-15 values remained roughly constant values throughout life. Isotopic data for the population span more than one trophic level, and we offer a qualitative evaluation of diet using shark-specific collagen discrimination factors estimated from a 3+ year captive feeding experiment (Delta C-13(shark-diet) and Delta N-15(shark-diet) equal 4.2 parts per thousand and 2.5 parts per thousand, respectively). We assess the degree of individuality with a proportional similarity index that distinguishes specialists and generalists. The isotopic variance is partitioned among differences between-individual (48%), within-individuals (40%), and by calendar year of sub-adulthood (12%). Our data reveal substantial ontogenetic and individual dietary variation within a white shark population. C1 [Kim, Sora L.; Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Kim, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM SKim11@uwyo.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OCE 0345943, NSF-EAR 1053013]; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP); Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation grants NSF-OCE 0345943 and NSF-EAR 1053013 to P. Koch and an Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) mini-grant award and the Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust Award to S. Kim. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 109 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e45068 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045068 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 022PZ UT WOS:000309973900025 PM 23028766 ER PT J AU Verant, ML Boyles, JG Waldrep, W Wibbelt, G Blehert, DS AF Verant, Michelle L. Boyles, Justin G. Waldrep, William, Jr. Wibbelt, Gudrun Blehert, David S. TI Temperature-Dependent Growth of Geomyces destructans, the Fungus That Causes Bat White-Nose Syndrome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EMERGING DISEASE; HIBERNATING BATS; PATHOGEN; MODEL; ARTHROPODS; PHYSIOLOGY; SELECTION AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emergent disease estimated to have killed over five million North American bats. Caused by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans, WNS specifically affects bats during hibernation. We describe temperature-dependent growth performance and morphology for six independent isolates of G. destructans from North America and Europe. Thermal performance curves for all isolates displayed an intermediate peak with rapid decline in performance above the peak. Optimal temperatures for growth were between 12.5 and 15.8 degrees C, and the upper critical temperature for growth was between 19.0 and 19.8 degrees C. Growth rates varied across isolates, irrespective of geographic origin, and above 12 degrees C all isolates displayed atypical morphology that may have implications for proliferation of the fungus. This study demonstrates that small variations in temperature, consistent with those inherent of bat hibernacula, affect growth performance and physiology of G. destructans, which may influence temperature-dependent progression and severity of WNS in wild bats. C1 [Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Verant, Michelle L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boyles, Justin G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Waldrep, William, Jr.] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wibbelt, Gudrun] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Berlin, Germany. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov RI Boyles, Justin/A-5152-2010 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Bat Conservation International FX Financial support for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Bat Conservation International. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 132 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e46280 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046280 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 022PZ UT WOS:000309973900124 PM 23029462 ER PT J AU Lyle, M Heusser, L Ravelo, C Yamamoto, M Barron, J Diffenbaugh, NS Herbert, T Andreasen, D AF Lyle, Mitchell Heusser, Linda Ravelo, Christina Yamamoto, Masanobu Barron, John Diffenbaugh, Noah S. Herbert, Timothy Andreasen, Dyke TI Out of the Tropics: The Pacific, Great Basin Lakes, and Late Pleistocene Water Cycle in the Western United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAHONTAN; OCEAN; RECORD; OSCILLATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB The water cycle in the western United States changed dramatically over glacial cycles. In the past 20,000 years, higher precipitation caused desert lakes to form which have since dried out. Higher glacial precipitation has been hypothesized to result from a southward shift of Pacific winter storm tracks. We compared Pacific Ocean data to lake levels from the interior west and found that Great Basin lake high stands are older than coastal wet periods at the same latitude. Westerly storms were not the source of high precipitation. Instead, air masses from the tropical Pacific were transported northward, bringing more precipitation into the Great Basin when coastal California was still dry. The changing climate during the deglaciation altered precipitation source regions and strongly affected the regional water cycle. C1 [Lyle, Mitchell] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Heusser, Linda] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ravelo, Christina; Andreasen, Dyke] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Yamamoto, Masanobu] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Barron, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Herbert, Timothy] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Lyle, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mlyle@ocean.tamu.edu RI Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Yamamoto, Masanobu/A-6990-2012 OI Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Yamamoto, Masanobu/0000-0003-1312-825X FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0450211, OCE-9809438] FX We thank the Ocean Drilling Program and its successor program, IODP, for collecting and archiving the drill cores used. We also thank M. Reheis for her insights in a thorough internal U.S. Geological Surbey review. The U.S. National Science Foundation supported this research through grants EAR-0450211 and OCE-9809438. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6102 BP 1629 EP 1633 DI 10.1126/science.1218390 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012DJ UT WOS:000309215400038 PM 23019644 ER PT J AU Simpson, RW Thatcher, W Savage, JC AF Simpson, Robert W. Thatcher, Wayne Savage, James C. TI Using cluster analysis to organize and explore regional GPS velocities SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; BLOCK KINEMATICS; DEFORMATION; CONTINENTS; SYSTEM AB Cluster analysis offers a simple visual exploratory tool for the initial investigation of regional Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity observations, which are providing increasingly precise mappings of actively deforming continental lithosphere. The deformation fields from dense regional GPS networks can often be concisely described in terms of relatively coherent blocks bounded by active faults, although the choice of blocks, their number and size, can be subjective and is often guided by the distribution of known faults. To illustrate our method, we apply cluster analysis to GPS velocities from the San Francisco Bay Region, California, to search for spatially coherent patterns of deformation, including evidence of block-like behavior. The clustering process identifies four robust groupings of velocities that we identify with four crustal blocks. Although the analysis uses no prior geologic information other than the GPS velocities, the cluster/block boundaries track three major faults, both locked and creeping. Citation: Simpson, R. W., W. Thatcher, and J. C. Savage (2012), Using cluster analysis to organize and explore regional GPS velocities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18307, doi:10.1029/2012GL052755. C1 [Simpson, Robert W.; Thatcher, Wayne; Savage, James C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Simpson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM simpson@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L18307 DI 10.1029/2012GL052755 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 014ZO UT WOS:000309414700001 ER PT J AU Wickland, KP Aiken, GR Butler, K Dornblaser, MM Spencer, RGM Striegl, RG AF Wickland, K. P. Aiken, G. R. Butler, K. Dornblaser, M. M. Spencer, R. G. M. Striegl, R. G. TI Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: Seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; MATTER; FLUORESCENCE; NITRATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; PERMAFROST; SOILS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Northern high-latitude rivers transport large amounts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) from boreal and arctic ecosystems to coastal areas and oceans. Current knowledge of the biodegradability of DOM in these rivers is limited, particularly for large rivers discharging to the Arctic Ocean. We conducted a seasonally comprehensive study of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) dynamics in the Yukon River and two of its tributaries in Alaska, USA. Distinct seasonal patterns of BDOC, consistent across a wide range of watershed size, indicate BDOC is transported year-round. Relative biodegradability (%BDOC) was greatest during winter, and decreased into spring and summer. Due to large seasonal differences in DOC concentration, the greatest concentrations of BDOC (mg C L-1) occurred during spring freshet, followed by winter and summer. While chemical composition of DOM was an important driver of BDOC, the overriding control of BDOC was mineral nutrient availability due to wide shifts in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stoichiometry across seasons. We calculated seasonal and annual loads of BDOC exported by the Yukon River by applying measured BDOC concentrations to daily water discharge values, and also by applying an empirical correlation between %BDOC and the ratio of DOC to dissolved inorganic N (DIN) to total DOC loads. The Yukon River exports similar to 0.2 Tg C yr(-1) as BDOC that is decomposable within 28 days. This corresponds to 12-18% of the total annual DOC export. Furthermore, we calculate that the six largest arctic rivers, including the Yukon River, collectively export similar to 2.3 Tg C yr(-1) as BDOC to the Arctic Ocean. C1 [Wickland, K. P.; Aiken, G. R.; Butler, K.; Dornblaser, M. M.; Striegl, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spencer, R. G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. RP Wickland, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kpwick@usgs.gov OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU National Research Program; Climate Effects Network of the Water and the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas of USGS FX We thank K. Kelsey, J. Koch, D. Repert, and P. Schuster for assistance with laboratory analyses. We also thank E. Stets and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The National Research Program and the Climate Effects Network of the Water and the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas of USGS supported this research. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 63 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 112 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB0E03 DI 10.1029/2012GB004342 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 014ZU UT WOS:000309415300001 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Healy, RW Harris, RN AF Heilweil, Victor M. Healy, Richard W. Harris, Robert N. TI Noble gases and coupled heat/fluid flow modeling for evaluating hydrogeologic conditions of volcanic island aquifers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Cape Verde Islands; Coupled heat/fluid flow simulations; Volcanic island aquifer; Noble-gas thermometry ID CAPE-VERDE ISLANDS; ESTIMATING HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; IN-GROUND WATER; HEAT-FLOW; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; TRANSPORT; HAWAII; ORIGIN; PALEOTEMPERATURE; CONDUCTIVITY AB Understanding groundwater conditions in the upland parts of volcanic island aquifers is critical for sustainable groundwater development in these resource-limited environments. Yet groundwater conditions in such settings are generally difficult to characterize because of sparse well drilling (high cost and/or limited access). Information needed for resource evaluation includes upland depth to water, recharge rate, and aquifer permeability. In this study, noble-gas recharge temperatures and coupled heat/fluid flow modeling are used to indirectly infer these groundwater conditions. Mosteiros Basin on Fogo Island of the Cape Verde archipelago was selected as a representative volcanic island aquifer. Simulation results are calibrated to water-table altitude and temperature data, along with indirect information provided by noble and dissolved gases. Results of numerical modeling are most sensitive to recharge rates and hydraulic conductivity, less sensitive to basal heat flux, and not sensitive to porosity and thermal conductivity. Simulation results show that only a relatively narrow range of combined recharge values (12-25% of precipitation) and hydraulic conductivity (10(-8)-10(-7) m s(-1)) is consistent with observed data. The simulated recharge of 3-6 million cubic meters per year (Mm(3) yr(-1)) is much higher than measured discharge from the basin (0.25 Mm(3) yr(-1)), indicating the occurrence of significant amounts of submarine groundwater discharge. The modeling results suggest a very deep upland water table located 600-1000 m beneath the floor of the central caldera, although the water table becomes more shallow and accessible towards the coast. Perhaps most significant is the dominant role that modest amounts of recharge (mean rates of 70-140 mm yr(-1)) plays in decreasing the geothermal gradient, resulting in relatively cool temperatures in the deep vadose and at the water table. Noble-gas recharge temperatures, constrained by numerical simulation results, range from about 15 to 22 degrees C and indicate a large water-table temperature lapse of about -15 degrees C/km, much steeper than typical adiabatic lapse rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heilweil, Victor M.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Harris, Robert N.] US Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM heilweil@usgs.gov FU Millennium Challenge Corporation FX This work was made possible through funding by the Millennium Challenge Corporation. Data and technical support provided by hydrologists and technicians from the Instituto Nacional de Gestao dos Recursos Hidricos was essential for the completion of this study. The authors thank Niel Plummer (U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program) and D. Kip Solomon (University of Utah Department of Geology and Geophysics) for their insightful discussions and comments, along with Stephen Gingerich (U.S. Geological Survey Hawaii Water Science Center) and Grant Ferguson (University of Saskatchewan) for their helpful peer reviews. The first author would also like to acknowledge Ingrid Verstraeten (U.S. Geological Survey International Programs Office) for her assistance in the collection of environmental tracer samples and overall project management. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 464 BP 309 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.07.019 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 020BN UT WOS:000309783700024 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Ely, CR Schmutz, JA Pearce, JM Heard, DJ AF Ramey, Andrew M. Ely, Craig R. Schmutz, Joel A. Pearce, John M. Heard, Darryl J. TI Molecular Detection of Hematozoa Infections in Tundra Swans Relative to Migration Patterns and Ecological Conditions at Breeding Grounds SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS-COLUMBIANUS; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; BLOOD PARASITES; NORTH-AMERICA; LEUCOCYTOZOON-SIMONDI; ALASKA; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; PRODUCTIVITY; WATERFOWL AB Tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) are broadly distributed in North America, use a wide variety of habitats, and exhibit diverse migration strategies. We investigated patterns of hematozoa infection in three populations of tundra swans that breed in Alaska using satellite tracking to infer host movement and molecular techniques to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of parasites. We evaluated whether migratory patterns and environmental conditions at breeding areas explain the prevalence of blood parasites in migratory birds by contrasting the fit of competing models formulated in an occupancy modeling framework and calculating the detection probability of the top model using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We described genetic diversity of blood parasites in each population of swans by calculating the number of unique parasite haplotypes observed. Blood parasite infection was significantly different between populations of Alaska tundra swans, with the highest estimated prevalence occurring among birds occupying breeding areas with lower mean daily wind speeds and higher daily summer temperatures. Models including covariates of wind speed and temperature during summer months at breeding grounds better predicted hematozoa prevalence than those that included annual migration distance or duration. Genetic diversity of blood parasites in populations of tundra swans appeared to be relative to hematozoa prevalence. Our results suggest ecological conditions at breeding grounds may explain differences of hematozoa infection among populations of tundra swans that breed in Alaska. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Heard, Darryl J.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Alaska Science Center's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative and Avian Disease Research Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Avian Influenza Surveillance Program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Alaska Science Center's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative and Avian Disease Research Program, and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Avian Influenza Surveillance Program. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e45789 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045789 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 016YP UT WOS:000309556100080 PM 23049862 ER PT J AU Taylor, RL Boor, GKH AF Taylor, Rebecca L. Boor, Gina K. Himes TI Beyond the robust design: Accounting for changing, uncertain states and sparse, biased detection in a multistate mark-recapture model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Multistate mark recapture; State classification uncertainty; Detection probability; Post-stratification; Steller sea lion; Bayesian ID STELLER SEA LIONS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; SURVIVAL; PROBABILITIES; POPULATION; HYPOTHESES; MOVEMENT; RATES AB We develop a multistate mark-recapture likelihood function to estimate reproductive rate when state classification uncertainty is present (alone female may or may not have offspring), females may transition between states (give birth) during many of the within-season sampling periods, and female detection is uneven because it is a function of an unknown admixture of state-dependency and observer effort, which are linked via location. We show how to address these multiple problems, even with sparse data, by deriving explicit functions for state transitions and state detection, and by combining a modicum of auxiliary information indicative of a female's reproductive state with a mild assumption about the relationship between detection rate and reproductive rate. We incorporate this likelihood function into a Bayesian framework to estimate reproductive rate for the threatened eastern stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Southeast Alaska, a population for which reproductive rate has never been estimated. Our methods relax previous assumptions of multistate mark-recapture models and facilitate inference from ecological systems where sampling effort is highly constrained. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Rebecca L.; Boor, Gina K. Himes] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Taylor, RL (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rebeccataylor@usgs.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and Kelly Hastings in particular, for collecting and supplying the Steller sea lion data, and we thank the National Marine Fisheries Service for funding this project. Dan Goodman, Ken Pitcher, Jim Robison-Cox and Jay Rotella provided helpful feedback on previous versions of this work, and Dan Gustafson provided computer support. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for thorough reviews that increased the quality of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 24 PY 2012 VL 243 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.013 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995ZF UT WOS:000308053100007 ER PT J AU Laudon, H Buttle, J Carey, SK McDonnell, J McGuire, K Seibert, J Shanley, J Soulsby, C Tetzlaff, D AF Laudon, Hjalmar Buttle, Jim Carey, Sean K. McDonnell, Jeff McGuire, Kevin Seibert, Jan Shanley, Jamie Soulsby, Chris Tetzlaff, Doerthe TI Cross-regional prediction of long-term trajectory of stream water DOC response to climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CATCHMENT-SCALE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN SWEDEN; RESIDENCE TIME; BOREAL STREAMS; SOIL; RUNOFF; MATTER; EXPORT AB There is no scientific consensus about how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is regulated. Here we combine recent literature data from 49 catchments with detailed stream and catchment process information from nine well established research catchments at mid- to high latitudes to examine the question of how climate controls stream water DOC. We show for the first time that mean annual temperature (MAT) in the range from -3 degrees to +10 degrees C has a strong control over the regional stream water DOC concentration in catchments, with highest concentrations in areas ranging between 0 degrees and +3 degrees C MAT. Although relatively large deviations from this model occur for individual streams, catchment topography appears to explain much of this divergence. These findings suggest that the long-term trajectory of stream water DOC response to climate change may be more predictable than previously thought. Citation: Laudon, H., J. Buttle, S. K. Carey, J. McDonnell, K. McGuire, J. Seibert, J. Shanley, C. Soulsby, and D. Tetzlaff (2012), Cross-regional prediction of long-term trajectory of stream water DOC response to climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18404, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053033. C1 [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Buttle, Jim] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McDonnell, Jeff] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Soulsby, Chris; Tetzlaff, Doerthe] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, No Rivers Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Laudon, H (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM hjalmar.laudon@slu.se RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Laudon, Hjalmar/J-3074-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Laudon, Hjalmar/0000-0001-6058-1466; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 152/AG]; For Water and Future Forest FX The North-Watch project led by D. Tetzlaff (http://ww.abdn.ac.uk/northwatch/) is funded by the Leverhulme Trust (F/00 152/AG). The authors are grateful to those who contributed to gathering the data sets presented - without these long-term efforts this study would not have been possible. Funding from For Water and Future Forest to HL is also acknowledged. Data used in this publication were obtained by many scientists over the years. Although the use of these data has been agreed upon, this manuscript has not been reviewed by all of those responsible for the data collection. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the Northern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L18404 DI 10.1029/2012GL053033 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 011BH UT WOS:000309137800005 ER PT J AU Grifoll, M Aretxabaleta, AL Espino, M Warner, JC AF Grifoll, Manel Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. Espino, Manuel Warner, John C. TI Along-shelf current variability on the Catalan inner-shelf (NW Mediterranean) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MOMENTUM FLUX; CIRCULATION; WIND; DYNAMICS; SLOPE; GULF; SEA; STRATIFICATION AB We examine the circulation over the inner-shelf of the Catalan Sea using observations of currents obtained from three Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (two at 24 m and one at 50 m) during March-April 2011. The along-shelf current fluctuations during that period are mainly controlled by local wind stress on short time scales and by remote pressure gradients on synoptic time scales. Different forcing mechanisms are involved in the along-shelf momentum balance. During storm conditions, wind stress, sea level gradients and the nonlinear terms dominate the balance. During weak wind conditions, the momentum balance is controlled by the pressure gradient, while during periods of moderate wind in the presence of considerable stratification, the balance is established between the Coriolis and wind stress terms. Vertical variations of velocity are affected by the strong observed density gradient. The increased vertical shear is accompanied by the development of stratified conditions due to local heating when the wind is not able to counteract (and break) stratification. The occasional influence of the Besos River plume is observed in time scales of hours to days in a limited area in near the city of Barcelona. The area affected by the plume depends on the vertical extent of the fresher layer, the fast river discharge peak, and the relaxation of cross-shore velocities after northeast storm events. This contribution provides a first interpretation of the inner-shelf dynamics in the Catalan Sea. C1 [Grifoll, Manel; Espino, Manuel] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Grifoll, Manel; Espino, Manuel] Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona, Spain. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Grifoll, M (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, Campus Nord,C Jordi Girona 1-3, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM manel.grifoll@upc.edu RI Espino, Manuel/L-1990-2014; OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018; Grifoll, Manel/0000-0003-4260-6732 FU European Community [242284] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Anthony Kirincich (WHOI, Woods Hole), and Steve Lentz (WHOI, Woods Hole) for their comments and suggestions. Josep Lluis Pelegri of the Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM/CSIC, Barcelona) reviewed an early version of the manuscript and provided helpful comments. The authors are thankful for the helpful suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and from Ilgar Safak (USGS, Woods Hole) and Neil Ganju (USGS, Woods Hole) that helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. Thanks also to the technical staff of LIM/UPC: Joan Puigdefabregas and Jordi Cateura for the data acquisition and Cesar Mosso and Marc Mestres for the data pre-processing. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007/2013) under grant agreement 242284 (Field_ac project). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C09027 DI 10.1029/2012JC008182 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 010ZI UT WOS:000309132700002 ER PT J AU Lacy, JR Rubin, DM Buscombe, D AF Lacy, Jessica R. Rubin, David M. Buscombe, Daniel TI Currents, drag, and sediment transport induced by a tsunami SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RUNUP; WAVE AB We report observations of water surface elevation, currents, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) from a 10-m deep site on the inner shelf in northern Monterey Bay during the arrival of the 2010 Chile tsunami. Velocity profiles were measured from 3.5 m above the bed (mab) to the surface at 2 min intervals, and from 0.1 to 0.7 mab at 1 Hz. SSC was determined from the acoustic backscatter of the near-bed profiler. The initial tsunami waves were directed cross shore and had a period of approximately 16 min. Maximum wave height was 1.1 m, and maximum current speed was 0.36 m/s. During the strongest onrush, near-bed velocities were clearly influenced by friction and a logarithmic boundary layer developed, extending more than 0.3 mab. We estimated friction velocity and bed shear stress from the logarithmic profiles. The logarithmic structure indicates that the flow can be characterized as quasi-steady at these times. At other phases of the tsunami waves, the magnitude of the acceleration term was significant in the near-bed momentum equation, indicating unsteady flow. The maximum tsunami-induced bed shear stress (0.4 N/m(2)) exceeded the critical shear stress for the medium-grained sand on the seafloor. Cross-shore sediment flux was enhanced by the tsunami. Oscillations of water surface elevation and currents continued for several days. The oscillations were dominated by resonant frequencies, the most energetic of which was the fundamental longitudinal frequency of Monterey Bay. The maximum current speed (hourly-timescale) in 18 months of observations occurred four hours after the tsunami arrived. C1 [Lacy, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Buscombe, Daniel] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Lacy, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jlacy@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C09028 DI 10.1029/2012JC007954 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 010ZI UT WOS:000309132700001 ER PT J AU Behrens, MD Lafferty, KD AF Behrens, Michael D. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Geographic Variation in the Diet of Opaleye (Girella nigricans) with Respect to Temperature and Habitat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE HERBIVOROUS FISHES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; REEF COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC POSITION; STOMACH CONTENTS; FOOD SELECTION; ANIMALS; DELTA-N-15 AB We studied diet variation in an omnivorous fish across its range, which allowed us to test predictions about the effect of ocean temperature and habitat on herbivory. Throughout most of its geographic range, from Southern California to central Baja California, the opaleye (Girella nigricans) fed primarily on red and green algae, but there was significant variation in the amount of algal material in the diet among sites. The proportion of algal material in the diet was related to habitat, with algae making up a larger proportion of a fish's diet in algal-dominated habitats than in urchin barrens. Independent of habitat, the proportion of algal material in the diet increased with environmental temperature. Analyses of stable isotopes revealed similar changes in trophic position and confirmed that these associations with diet persisted over relatively long time scales. The shift to a more herbivorous diet at warmer temperatures is in agreement with past laboratory studies on this species that show a diet-dependent change in performance with temperature and can indicate a diet shift across the species' geographic range to meet its physiological demands. A possible plastic response to herbivory was a longer gut relative to body size. The results of this study are consistent with past findings that associate temperature with increases in the relative diversity of herbivorous fishes in tropical parts of the ocean. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Behrens, Michael D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kevin_lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU United States Geological Survey; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; UC MEXUS (The University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States); UC Marine Council; Fletcher Jones Foundation FX This work was supported by the United States Geological Survey, the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and UC MEXUS (The University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States). MDB was supported by UC Marine Council and Fletcher Jones Foundation Fellowships. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e45901 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045901 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 014RG UT WOS:000309392800115 PM 23029302 ER PT J AU Miller, MP AF Miller, Matthew P. TI The influence of reservoirs, climate, land use and hydrologic conditions on loads and chemical quality of dissolved organic carbon in the Colorado River SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE-WATER; FRONT RANGE; FULVIC-ACID; MATTER; ARIZONA; LAKES; BIODEGRADABILITY; REACTIVITY AB Longitudinal patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads and chemical quality were identified in the Colorado River from the headwaters in the Rocky Mountains to the United States-Mexico border from 1994 to 2011. Watershed-and reach-scale climate, land use, river discharge and hydrologic modification conditions that contribute to patterns in DOC were also identified. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified site-specific precipitation and reach-scale discharge as being correlated with sites in the upper basin, where there were increases in DOC load from the upstream to downstream direction. In the lower basin, where DOC load decreased from upstream to downstream, sites were correlated with site-specific temperature and reach-scale population, urban land use and hydrologic modification. In the reaches containing Lakes Powell and Mead, the two largest reservoirs in the United States, DOC quantity decreased, terrestrially derived aromatic DOC was degraded and/or autochthonous less aromatic DOC was produced. Taken together, these results suggest that longitudinal patterns in the relatively unregulated upper basin are influenced by watershed inputs of water and DOC, whereas DOC patterns in the lower basin are reflective of a balance between watershed contribution of water and DOC to the river and loss of water and DOC due to hydrologic modification and/or biogeochemical processes. These findings suggest that alteration of constituent fluxes in rivers that are highly regulated may overshadow watershed processes that would control fluxes in comparable unregulated rivers. Further, these results provide a foundation for detailed assessments of factors controlling the transport and chemical quality of DOC in the Colorado River. C1 US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 121 W 200 S, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program FX I thank the many U. S. Geological Survey employees who collected the samples that were used in this study. A. Brasher provided helpful input on study design. N. Baker and J. Falcone provided assistance with generation of the ancillary GIS data, and R. Runkel provided helpful input on presentation of the LOADEST results. Peer reviewers provided many helpful comments on an earlier draft that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 69 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W00M02 DI 10.1029/2012WR012312 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 011BK UT WOS:000309138100005 ER PT J AU Nifong, JC Rosenblatt, AE Johnson, NA Barichivich, W Silliman, BR Heithaus, MR AF Nifong, James C. Rosenblatt, Adam E. Johnson, Nathan A. Barichivich, William Silliman, Brian R. Heithaus, Michael R. TI American Alligator Digestion Rate of Blue Crabs and Its Implications for Stomach Contents Analysis SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; LOUISIANA AB Stomach contents analysis (SCA) provides a snap-shot observation of a consumer's diet. Interpretation of SCA data can be complicated by many factors, including variation in gastric residence times and digestion rates among prey taxa. Although some SCA methods are reported to efficiently remove all stomach contents, the effectiveness of these techniques has rarely been tested for large irregular shaped prey with hard exoskeletons. We used a controlled feeding trial to estimate gastric residency time and decomposition rate of a large crustacean prey item, the Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus), which is consumed by American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), an abundant apex predator in coastal habitats of the southeastern United States. The decomposition rate of C. sapidus in the stomachs of A. mississippiensis followed a predictable pattern, and some crab pieces remained in stomachs for at least 14 days. We also found that certain portions of C. sapidus were prone to becoming caught within the stomach or esophagus, meaning not all crab parts are consistently recovered using gastric lavage techniques. However, because the state of decomposition of crabs was predictable, it is possible to estimate time since consumption for crabs recovered from wild alligators. This information, coupled with a detailed understanding of crab distributions and alligator movement tactics could help elucidate patterns of cross-ecosystem foraging by the American Alligator in coastal habitats. C1 [Rosenblatt, Adam E.; Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Nifong, James C.; Silliman, Brian R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Nathan A.; Barichivich, William] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Sch Environm Arts & Soc, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Rosenblatt, AE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, 3000 NE 1515st St, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM ncboy@ufl.edu; arose007@fiu.edu; najohnson@usgs.gov; wbarichivich@usgs.gov; brs@ufl.edu; heithaus@fiu.edu RI Rosenblatt, Adam/J-1327-2014; Nifong, James/D-4137-2015; OI Rosenblatt, Adam/0000-0002-5265-7720; Nifong, James/0000-0003-3607-0441; Johnson, Nathan/0000-0001-5167-1988 FU Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NOS4200022]; National Science Foundation [DEB-9910514] FX We thank the United States Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center for allowing the use of holding tanks and the St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park for loaning study animals. Research was conducted under an award from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Award No. NA10NOS4200022. This research study was also supported in-part by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research Program under Grant No. DEB-9910514. We give special thanks to R. Douglass, K. Torregrosa, and R. McCarville for their technical assistance. Finally, our research was conducted in accordance with recommendations from Institutional Animal Care Use Committee protocol #USGS/SESC 2011-03, and any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 20 PY 2012 IS 3 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1643/CE-11-177 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 014MD UT WOS:000309379000007 ER PT J AU Popescu, VD Brodie, BS Hunter, ML Zydlewski, JD AF Popescu, Viorel D. Brodie, Bekka S. Hunter, Malcolm L. Zydlewski, Joseph D. TI Use of Olfactory Cues by Newly Metamorphosed Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) during Emigration SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; HABITAT SELECTION; JUVENILE AMPHIBIANS; AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM; SEASONAL POOLS; BUFO-CALAMITA; ORIENTATION; FOREST; TOADS AB Juvenile amphibians are capable of long-distance upland movements, yet cues used for orientation during upland movements are poorly understood. We used newly metamorphosed Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) to investigate: (1) the existence of innate (i.e., inherited) directionality, and (2) the use of olfactory cues, specifically forested wetland and natal pond cues during emigration. In a circular arena experiment, animals with assumed innate directionality did not orient in the expected direction (suggested by previous studies) when deprived of visual and olfactory cues. This suggests that juvenile Wood Frogs most likely rely on proximate cues for orientation. Animals reared in semi-natural conditions (1500 I cattle tanks) showed a strong avoidance of forested wetland cues in two different experimental settings, although they had not been previously exposed to such cues. This finding is contrary to known habitat use by adult Wood Frogs during summer. juvenile Wood Frogs were indifferent to the chemical signature of natal pond (cattle tank) water. Our findings suggest that management strategies for forest amphibians should consider key habitat features that potentially influence the orientation of juveniles during emigration movements, as well as adult behavior. C1 [Popescu, Viorel D.; Hunter, Malcolm L.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Brodie, Bekka S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Popescu, VD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM vioreldpopescu@gmail.com; bbrodie@sfu.ca; mhunter@maine.edu; jzydlewski@usgs.gov RI Popescu, Viorel/O-3792-2014 FU National Science Foundation [O239915] FX Research was funded by the National Science Foundation (research grant O239915). We are grateful to N. Greenberg for allowing access to the University of Maine Aquaculture Research Center facilities. We thank A. Calhoun, J. Gibbs, and R. Seymour for their advice in developing the experiment. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This research was approved under the University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol A2009-04-04. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station paper #3261. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 20 PY 2012 IS 3 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1643/CE-11-062 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 014MD UT WOS:000309379000008 ER PT J AU Weiss, JL Betancourt, JL Overpeck, JT AF Weiss, Jeremy L. Betancourt, Julio L. Overpeck, Jonathan T. TI Climatic limits on foliar growth during major droughts in the southwestern USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DECLINING MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; ELEVATION GRADIENT; NORTH-AMERICA; DIE-OFF; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; SONORAN; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB Pronounced droughts during the 1950s and 2000s in the American Southwest provide an opportunity to compare mesoscale ecosystem responses to anomalously dry conditions before and during the regional warming that started in the late 1970s. This year-round warming has produced fewer cool season freezes, losses in regional snowpack, an 8-10 day advance in spring onset, and hotter summers, all of which should affect vegetation differently across seasons and elevations. Here, we examine indices that represent climatic limits on foliar growth for both drought periods and evaluate these indices for areas that experienced tree mortality during the 2000s drought. Relative to the 1950s drought, warmer conditions during the 2000s drought decreased the occurrence of temperatures too low for foliar growth at lower elevations in winter and higher elevations in summer. Higher vapor pressure deficits (VPDs), largely driven by warmer temperatures in the more recent drought, were more limiting to foliar growth from spring through summer at lower and middle elevations. At many locations where tree mortality occurred during the 2000s drought, low-temperature constraints on foliar growth were extremely unlimiting, whereas VPD constraints were extremely limiting from early spring through late autumn. Our analysis shows that in physiographically complex regions such as the Southwest, seasonality and elevational gradients are important for understanding vegetative responses to warming. It also suggests that continued warming will both increase the degree to which VPD limits foliar growth during future droughts and expand its reach to higher elevations and other seasons. C1 [Weiss, Jeremy L.; Betancourt, Julio L.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Natl Res Program, Tucson, AZ USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Weiss, JL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Gould Simpson Room 208,1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jlweiss@email.arizona.edu FU NOAA [NA16GP2578] FX The NOAA-funded Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) project (NOAA grant NA16GP2578) provided support to J.L.W. and J.T.O. for this study. We thank DIREnet and Kirsten Ironside for assistance with shapefiles of tree mortality, and Dennis Baldocchi, Christopher Castro, Michael Crimmins, Kirsten de Beurs, Steven Running, Thomas Swetnam, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G03031 DI 10.1029/2012JG001993 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 011BC UT WOS:000309137300002 ER PT J AU Thompson, RS Anderson, KH Pelltier, RT Strickland, LE Bartlein, PJ Shafer, SL AF Thompson, R. S. Anderson, K. H. Pelltier, R. T. Strickland, L. E. Bartlein, P. J. Shafer, S. L. TI Quantitative estimation of climatic parameters from vegetation data in North America by the mutual climatic range technique SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Paleoecology; Paleoclimatology; Paleobotany; Vegetation; Mutual Climatic Range; North America ID FOSSIL BEETLE ASSEMBLAGES; MODERN ANALOG TECHNIQUE; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION; COLEOPTERAN ASSEMBLAGES; SEASONAL TEMPERATURES; SURFACE CLIMATE; PLANT FOSSILS; PLEISTOCENE; PART AB The mutual climatic range (MCR) technique is perhaps the most widely used method for estimating past climatic parameters from fossil assemblages, largely because it can be conducted on a simple list of the taxa present in an assemblage. When applied to plant macrofossil data, this unweighted approach (MCRun) will frequently identify a large range for a given climatic parameter where the species in an assemblage can theoretically live together. To narrow this range, we devised a new weighted approach (MCRwt) that employs information from the modern relations between climatic parameters and plant distributions to lessen the influence of the "tails" of the distributions of the climatic data associated with the taxa in an assemblage. To assess the performance of the MCR approaches, we applied them to a set of modern climatic data and plant distributions on a 25-km grid for North America, and compared observed and estimated climatic values for each grid point. In general, MCRwt was superior to MCRun, in providing smaller anomalies, less bias, and better correlations between observed and estimated values. However, by the same measures, the results of Modern Analog Technique (MAT) approaches were superior to MCRwt. Although this might be reason to favor MAT approaches, they are based on assumptions that may not be valid for paleoclimatic reconstructions, including that: 1) the absence of a taxon from a fossil sample is meaningful, 2) plant associations were largely unaffected by past changes in either levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide or in the seasonal distributions of solar radiation, and 3) plant associations of the past are adequately represented on the modern landscape. To illustrate the application of these MCR and MAT approaches to paleoclimatic reconstructions, we applied them to a Pleistocene paleobotanical assemblage from the western United States. From our examinations of the estimates of modern and past climates from vegetation assemblages, we conclude that the MCRun technique provides reliable and unbiased estimates of the ranges of possible climatic conditions that can reasonably be associated with these assemblages. The application of MCRwt and MAT approaches can further constrain these estimates and may provide a systematic way to assess uncertainty. The data sets required for MCR analyses in North America are provided in a parallel publication. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thompson, R. S.; Pelltier, R. T.; Strickland, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80025 USA. [Anderson, K. H.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Shafer, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thompson, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80025 USA. EM rthompson@usgs.gov RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 FU Research and Development Program of the USGS Climate and Land Use Mission Area FX This work was funded by the Research and Development Program of the USGS Climate and Land Use Mission Area, and thoughtful reviews were provided by Paul E. Carrara, Daniel R. Muhs, and an anonymous reviewer for the journal. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP 19 PY 2012 VL 51 BP 18 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.003 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 018EE UT WOS:000309642100002 ER PT J AU Craven, AM Aiken, GR Ryan, JN AF Craven, Alison M. Aiken, George R. Ryan, Joseph N. TI Copper(II) Binding by Dissolved Organic Matter: Importance of the Copper-to-Dissolved Organic Matter Ratio and Implications for the Biotic Ligand Model SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; ACUTE TOXICITY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; FULVIC-ACID; COMPLEXATION; SPECIATION; SEAWATER AB The ratio of copper to dissolved organic matter (DOM) is known to affect the strength of copper binding by DOM, but previous methods to determine the Cu2+-DOM binding strength have generally not measured binding constants over the same Cu:DOM ratios. In this study, we used a competitive ligand exchange-solid-phase extraction (CLE-SPE) method to determine conditional stability constants for Cu2+-DOM binding at pH 6.6 and 0.01 M ionic strength over a range of Cu:DOM ratios that bridge the detection windows of copper-ion-selective electrode and voltarmmetry measurements. As the Cu:DOM ratio increased from 0.0005 to 0.1 mg of Cu/mg of DOM, the measured conditional binding constant (K-c(CuDOM)) decreased from 10(11.5) to 10(5.6) M-1. A comparison of the binding constants measured by CLE-SPE with those measured by copper-ion-selective electrode and voltammetry demonstrates that the Cu:DOM ratio is an important factor controlling Cu2+-DOM binding strength even for DOM isolates of different types and different sources and for whole water samples. The results were modeled with Visual MINTEQand compared to results from the biotic ligand model (BLM). The BLM was found to over-estimate Cu2+ at low total copper concentrations and under-estimate Cu2+ at high total copper concentrations. C1 [Craven, Alison M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Craven, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alison.craven@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0447386] FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant EAR-0447386). We also acknowledge Blaine McCleskey for help with AAS, and Ann Maest and Ron Harvey for their reviews. The use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 18 BP 9948 EP 9955 DI 10.1021/es301015p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005ZD UT WOS:000308787800017 PM 22871072 ER PT J AU McCrory, PA Blair, JL Waldhauser, F Oppenheimer, DH AF McCrory, Patricia A. Blair, J. Luke Waldhauser, Felix Oppenheimer, David H. TI Juan de Fuca slab geometry and its relation to Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; FORE-ARC MANTLE; NORTHERN CASCADIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; FOCAL MECHANISMS; PLATE BENEATH; P-WAVE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CONVERGENT MARGIN AB A new model of the subducted Juan de Fuca plate beneath western North America allows first-order correlations between the occurrence of Wadati-Benioff zone earthquakes and slab geometry, temperature, and hydration state. The geo-referenced 3D model, constructed from weighted control points, integrates depth information from earthquake locations and regional seismic velocity studies. We use the model to separate earthquakes that occur in the Cascadia forearc from those that occur within the underlying Juan de Fuca plate and thereby reveal previously obscured details regarding the spatial distribution of earthquakes. Seismicity within the slab is most prevalent where the slab is warped beneath northwestern California and western Washington suggesting that slab flexure, in addition to expected metamorphic dehydration processes, promotes earthquake occurrence within the subducted oceanic plate. Earthquake patterns beneath western Vancouver Island are consistent with slab dehydration processes. Conversely, the lack of slab earthquakes beneath western Oregon is consistent with an anhydrous slab. Double-differenced relocated seismicity resolves a double seismic zone within the slab beneath northwestern California that strongly constrains the location of the plate interface and delineates a cluster of seismicity 10 km above the surface that includes the 1992 M7.1 Mendocino earthquake. We infer that this earthquake ruptured a surface within the Cascadia accretionary margin above the Juan de Fuca plate. We further speculate that this earthquake is associated with a detached fragment of former Farallon plate. Other subsurface tectonic elements within the forearc may have the potential to generate similar damaging earthquakes. C1 [McCrory, Patricia A.; Blair, J. Luke; Oppenheimer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Waldhauser, Felix] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. RP McCrory, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmccrory@usgs.gov OI Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640 NR 84 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B09306 DI 10.1029/2012JB009407 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 011AE UT WOS:000309134900001 ER PT J AU Lu, N Sener-Kaya, B Wayllace, A Godt, JW AF Lu, Ning Sener-Kaya, Basak Wayllace, Alexandra Godt, Jonathan W. TI Analysis of rainfall-induced slope instability using a field of local factor of safety SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED SOILS; SUCTION STRESS; STABILITY; MODEL AB Slope-stability analyses are mostly conducted by identifying or assuming a potential failure surface and assessing the factor of safety (FS) of that surface. This approach of assigning a single FS to a potentially unstable slope provides little insight on where the failure initiates or the ultimate geometry and location of a landslide rupture surface. We describe a method to quantify a scalar field of FS based on the concept of the Coulomb stress and the shift in the state of stress toward failure that results from rainfall infiltration. The FS at each point within a hillslope is called the local factor of safety (LFS) and is defined as the ratio of the Coulomb stress at the current state of stress to the Coulomb stress of the potential failure state under the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Comparative assessment with limit-equilibrium and hybrid finite element limit-equilibrium methods show that the proposed LFS is consistent with these approaches and yields additional insight into the geometry and location of the potential failure surface and how instability may initiate and evolve with changes in pore water conditions. Quantitative assessments applying the new LFS field method to slopes under infiltration conditions demonstrate that the LFS has the potential to overcome several major limitations in the classical FS methodologies such as the shape of the failure surface and the inherent underestimation of slope instability. Comparison with infinite-slope methods, including a recent extension to variably saturated conditions, shows further enhancement in assessing shallow landslide occurrence using the LFS methodology. Although we use only a linear elastic solution for the state of stress with no post-failure analysis that require more sophisticated elastoplastic or other theories, the LFS provides a new means to quantify the potential instability zones in hillslopes under variably saturated conditions using stress-field based methods. C1 [Lu, Ning; Sener-Kaya, Basak; Wayllace, Alexandra] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ninglu@mines.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF CMMI-0855783]; U.S. Geological Survey [USGS G09AC00085] FX This research is partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF CMMI-0855783) to NL and JWG and a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS G09AC00085) to NL. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09524 DI 10.1029/2012WR011830 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 011AU UT WOS:000309136500002 ER PT J AU Sevilgen, V Stein, RS Pollitz, FF AF Sevilgen, Volkan Stein, Ross S. Pollitz, Fred F. TI Stress imparted by the great 2004 Sumatra earthquake shut down transforms and activated rifts up to 400 km away in the Andaman Sea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Coulomb stress transfer; great earthquakes; seismicity rate changes ID AFTERSHOCK DENSITY; DYNAMIC STRESS; COSEISMIC SLIP; INDIAN-OCEAN; FAULT SYSTEM; SEISMICITY; REGION; CONSTRAINTS; CALIFORNIA; TECTONICS AB The origin and prevalence of triggered seismicity and remote aftershocks are under debate. As a result, they have been excluded from probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and aftershock hazard notices. The 2004 M = 9.2 Sumatra earthquake altered seismicity in the Andaman backarc rift-transform system. Here we show that over a 300-km-long largely transform section of the backarc, M >= 4.5 earthquakes stopped for five years, and over a 750-kmlong backarc section, the rate of transform events dropped by twothirds, while the rate of rift events increased eightfold. We compute the propagating dynamic stress wavefield and find the peak dynamic Coulomb stress is similar on the rifts and transforms. Longperiod dynamic stress amplitudes, which are thought to promote dynamic failure, are higher on the transforms than on the rifts, opposite to the observations. In contrast to the dynamic stress, we calculate that the mainshock brought the transform segments approximately 0.2 bar (0.02 MPa) farther from static Coulomb failure and the rift segments approximately 0.2 bar closer to static failure, consistent with the seismic observations. This accord means that changes in seismicity rate are sufficiently predictable to be included in post-mainshock hazard evaluations. C1 [Sevilgen, Volkan] Seismicity Net, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. [Stein, Ross S.; Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sevilgen, V (reprint author), Seismicity Net, 490 Laurel St,Suite 10, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. EM vsevilgen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Shinji Toda, David Hill, Tom Parsons, Andy Michael, and Jian Lin for discussion and sage advice; Jeremy Pesicek for generously sharing his catalog with us before publication; and David Shelly, Ruth Harris, and Jeanne Hardebeck for perceptive reviews. V.S. works under contract at the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 38 BP 15152 EP 15156 DI 10.1073/pnas.1208799109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012BS UT WOS:000309211000025 PM 22949694 ER PT J AU Moore, J Lichtner, PC White, AF Brantley, SL AF Moore, Joel Lichtner, Peter C. White, Art F. Brantley, Susan L. TI Using a reactive transport model to elucidate differences between laboratory and field dissolution rates in regolith SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; SOLUTION SATURATION STATE; SURFACE-AREA; KAOLINITE DISSOLUTION; FELDSPAR DISSOLUTION; SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; SILICATE MINERALS; ALUMINOSILICATE DISSOLUTION; LABRADORITE DISSOLUTION; PRECIPITATION KINETICS AB The reactive transport model FLOTRAN was used to forward-model weathering profiles developed on granitic outwash alluvium over 40-3000 ka from the Merced, California (USA) chronosequence as well as deep granitic regolith developed over 800 ka near Davis Run, Virginia (USA). Baseline model predictions that used laboratory rate constants (k(m)), measured fluid flow velocities (v), and BET volumetric surface areas for the parent material (A(B,m)(o)) were not consistent with measured profiles of plagioclase, potassium feldspar, and quartz. Reaction fronts predicted by the baseline model are deeper and thinner than the observed, consistent with faster rates of reaction in the model. Reaction front depth in the model depended mostly upon saturated versus unsaturated hydrologic flow conditions, rate constants controlling precipitation of secondary minerals, and the average fluid flow velocity (v(a)). Unsaturated hydrologic flow conditions (relatively open with respect to CO2(g)) resulted in the prediction of deeper reaction fronts and significant differences in the separation between plagioclase and potassium feldspar reaction fronts compared to saturated hydrologic flow (relatively closed with respect to CO2(g)). Under saturated or unsaturated flow conditions, the rate constant that controls precipitation rates of secondary minerals must be reduced relative to laboratory rate constants to match observed reaction front depths and measured pore water chemistry. Additionally, to match the observed reaction front depths, v(a) was set lower than the measured value, v, for three of the four profiles. The reaction front gradients in mineralogy and pore fluid chemistry could only be modeled accurately by adjusting values of the product k(m)A(B,m)(o). By assuming k(m) values were constrained by laboratory data, field observations were modeled successfully with TST-like rate equations by dividing measured values of A(B,m)(o) by factors from 50 to 1700. Alternately, with sigmoidal or Al-inhibition rate models, this adjustment factor ranges from 5 to 170. Best-fit models of the wetter, hydrologically saturated Davis Run profile required a smaller adjustment to A(B,m)(o) than the drier hydrologically unsaturated Merced profiles. We attributed the need for large adjustments in va and A(B,m)(o) necessary for the Merced models to more complex hydrologic flow that decreased the reactive surface area in contact with bulk flow water, e. g., dead-end pore spaces containing fluids that are near or at chemical equilibrium. Thus, rate models from the laboratory can successfully predict weathering over millions of years, but work is needed to understand how to incorporate changes in what controls the relationship between reactive surface area and hydrologic flow. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Joel; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Moore, Joel; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lichtner, Peter C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [White, Art F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, J (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM joelmoore6@gmail.com OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-5546-9610 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-9972759, CHE-0431328, CHE-0535656]; Penn State Geosciences Tait Fellowship; Ohmoto Fellowship FX We are grateful to A. Navarre-Sitchler and L. Hausrath for many helpful discussions. Three anonymous reviewers provided detailed and helpful comments that resulted in a much improved manuscript. We thank associate editor Chen Zhu for handling the manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation grants DGE-9972759 for the Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education BRIE), CHE-0431328 for Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis, and CHE-0535656 for ChemXSeer as well as the Penn State Geosciences Tait and Ohmoto Fellowships. NR 104 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 93 BP 235 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.021 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 000YK UT WOS:000308426800014 ER PT J AU Horman, JT Shannon, KV Simpson, EM Burja, TM Fey, RH Smith, JJ Phillips, FB AF Horman, Joseph T. Shannon, Kyle V. Simpson, E. Marie Burja, Thomas M. Fey, Robert H. Smith, Jeremy J. Phillips, Frances B. TI Control of terrestrial animal rabies in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, after oral vaccination of raccoons (1998-2007) SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AERIAL DISTRIBUTION; VIRUS; BAITS; TETRACYCLINE; PREVENTION; ANTIBODY; ONTARIO; FLORIDA; CANADA; SKUNKS AB Objective-To evaluate the effectiveness of an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) project conducted from 1998 through 2007 in Anne Arundel County, Md, for the control of rabies in terrestrial animals. Design-Retrospective analysis of surveillance data (1997 through 2007). Animals-Free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) and other terrestrial mammals. Procedures-Vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus oral rabies vaccine bait units were distributed annually by aircraft and ground teams targeting free-ranging raccoons. Approximately 2 to 4 weeks following the vaccine-bait placement, raccoons were live trapped, sedated, processed, and then released. Serologic samples were tested for the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs). Bait acceptance was estimated by analysis of tetracycline biomarking of sampled teeth. Rabies incidence was determined by the passive identification of rabid terrestrial animals. Results-The incidence of rabies in terrestrial animals decreased 92%, between 1997 (the year prior to the start of the ORV project) and 2007. The mean RVNA prevalence across all years was 33% among trapped raccoons in areas baited with a fish meal polymer bait type, whereas the mean bait acceptance was 30%. Adult raccoons had a seropositivity rate twice that of juvenile raccoons, whereas the bait acceptance rate between adults and juveniles did not differ significantly. For areas baited with a coated sachet bait, adults and juveniles had the same seroprevalence. Juveniles had better seroprevalence when the annual campaign started in September and October, compared with August. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The ORV project contributed to a significant decrease in annual incidence of terrestrial animal rabies in Anne Arundel County, Md, during the 10-year project period. For fish meal polymer baits, juvenile raccoons accessed bait at the same rate as adult raccoons but had a significantly lower prevalence of RVNAs. For coated sachet baits, seroprevalence was the same in both age groups. The time of year the bait distribution occurred and the bait type used may be partial explanations for the difference in RVNA seroprevalence between adults and juvenile raccoons. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:725-734) C1 [Horman, Joseph T.; Shannon, Kyle V.; Simpson, E. Marie; Burja, Thomas M.; Phillips, Frances B.] Anne Arundel Cty Dept Hlth, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Fey, Robert H.; Smith, Jeremy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, APHIS, USDA, Annapolis, MD 21409 USA. RP Horman, JT (reprint author), Anne Arundel Cty Dept Hlth, 3 Harry S Truman Pkwy, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM hdjhorma@aacounty.org FU Anne Arundel County Department of Health; USDA APHIS Wildlife Services FX Supported by the Anne Arundel County Department of Health and the USDA APHIS Wildlife Services. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 241 IS 6 BP 725 EP 734 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 004JR UT WOS:000308678500008 PM 22947155 ER PT J AU Siscoe, GL Love, JJ Gannon, JL AF Siscoe, G. L. Love, J. J. Gannon, J. L. TI Problem of the Love-Gannon relation between the asymmetric disturbance field and Dst SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC FIELD; CURRENT SYSTEM; DECAY; CURRENTS; ENERGY; EARTH; CONDUCTIVITIES; LATITUDES AB Love and Gannon (2009) discovered that statistically, over a fifty year period the difference in the dawn and dusk disturbance-field H component at low latitudes (hourly averaged) is linearly proportional to Dst. If the difference is designated by delta(DD) in units of nT/R-E, then the Love-Gannon (L-G) relation is delta(DD) = -0.2 Dst. At any time departures from the relation can be large. Nonetheless, the relation is evident for all values of Dst and persists throughout magnetic storms, both the main phase and the recovery phase. The Love-Gannon discovery presents a problem to current understanding of the relation between the causes of delta(DD) and Dst because the dawn dusk asymmetry in the disturbance field is presumably governed by a long-established magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling theory which predicts a characteristic time scale (the shielding time) of less than an hour whereas the characteristic time scale for Dst (the ring current decay time) is more like ten hours. Thus, without forcing both time scales toward each other to the limits of their ranges, a linear proportionality between delta(DD) and Dst cannot be derived from the current understanding of the causes of the asymmetry and the ring current. This conclusion is the paper's main contribution. In addition, we attempt to get around the conflict of time scales by looking at other possibilities for generating delta(DD) that depend directly on the ring current. The most promising of these is the possibility that the ring current decay mechanism creates a quasi-permanent, local-time modification of the ring current compared to what it would be in the absence of the decay mechanism and that this modification causes a field-aligned current that closes through the ionosphere and generates the asymmetry delta(DD). This idea has the virtue of coupling the asymmetry directly to the ring current and of accounting for the persistence of the L-G proportionality through the recovery phase of magnetic storms. C1 [Siscoe, G. L.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Love, J. J.; Gannon, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Siscoe, GL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM siscoe@bu.edu RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0809307]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0809307 and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A09216 DI 10.1029/2012JA017879 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 007LT UT WOS:000308890500003 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Feller, M Villarreal, ML AF Norman, Laura M. Feller, Mark Villarreal, Miguel L. TI Developing spatially explicit footprints of plausible land-use scenarios in the Santa Cruz Watershed, Arizona and Sonora SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Urban growth; Modeling; Alternative scenarios; Cellular automaton; SLEUTH; US-Mexico border ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; GROWTH; RESILIENCE; FORESTS; BORDER; AREA; GIS AB The SLEUTH urban growth model is applied to a binational dryland watershed to envision and evaluate plausible future scenarios of land use change into the year 2050. Our objective was to create a suite of geospatial footprints portraying potential land use change that can be used to aid binational decision-makers in assessing the impacts relative to sustainability of natural resources and potential socio-ecological consequences of proposed land-use management. Three alternatives are designed to simulate different conditions: (i) a Current Trends Scenario of unmanaged exponential growth, (ii) a Conservation Scenario with managed growth to protect the environment, and (iii) a Megalopolis Scenario in which growth is accentuated around a defined international trade corridor. The model was calibrated with historical data extracted from a time series of satellite images. Model materials, methodology, and results are presented. Our Current Trends Scenario predicts the footprint of urban growth to approximately triple from 2009 to 2050, which is corroborated by local population estimates. The Conservation Scenario results in protecting 46% more of the Evergreen class (more than 150,000 acres) than the Current Trends Scenario and approximately 95,000 acres of Barren Land, Crops, Deciduous Forest (Mesquite Bosque), Grassland/Herbaceous, Urban/Recreational Grasses, and Wetlands classes combined. The Megalopolis Scenario results also depict the preservation of some of these land-use classes compared to the Current Trends Scenario, most notably in the environmentally important headwaters region. Connectivity and areal extent of land cover types that provide wildlife habitat were preserved under the alternative scenarios when compared to Current Trends. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Norman, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Feller, Mark] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Mapping Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Villarreal, Miguel L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov; mfeller@usgs.gov; miguel@email.arizona.edu RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011; OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696; Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 NR 73 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 107 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.015 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 992TA UT WOS:000307801400004 ER PT J AU Renault, L Chiggiato, J Warner, JC Gomez, M Vizoso, G Tintore, J AF Renault, Lionel Chiggiato, Jacopo Warner, John C. Gomez, Marta Vizoso, Guillermo Tintore, Joaquin TI Coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave simulations of a storm event over the Gulf of Lion and Balearic Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COAWST MODELING SYSTEM; HIGH WIND CONDITIONS; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; MOMENTUM FLUXES; CYCLONES; CYCLOGENESIS; CLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE AB The coastal areas of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea are one of the most challenging places for ocean forecasting. This region is exposed to severe storms events that are of short duration. During these events, significant air-sea interactions, strong winds and large sea-state can have catastrophic consequences in the coastal areas. To investigate these air-sea interactions and the oceanic response to such events, we implemented the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System simulating a severe storm in the Mediterranean Sea that occurred in May 2010. During this event, wind speed reached up to 25 m.s(-1) inducing significant sea surface cooling (up to 2 degrees C) over the Gulf of Lion (GoL) and along the storm track, and generating surface waves with a significant height of 6 m. It is shown that the event, associated with a cyclogenesis between the Balearic Islands and the GoL, is relatively well reproduced by the coupled system. A surface heat budget analysis showed that ocean vertical mixing was a major contributor to the cooling tendency along the storm track and in the GoL where turbulent heat fluxes also played an important role. Sensitivity experiments on the ocean-atmosphere coupling suggested that the coupled system is sensitive to the momentum flux parameterization as well as air-sea and air-wave coupling. Comparisons with available atmospheric and oceanic observations showed that the use of the fully coupled system provides the most skillful simulation, illustrating the benefit of using a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave model for the assessment of these storm events. C1 [Renault, Lionel; Tintore, Joaquin] ICTS SOCIB, ES-07121 Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gomez, Marta] Puertos Estado, Madrid, Spain. [Vizoso, Guillermo; Tintore, Joaquin] UIB CSIC, IMEDEA, Esporles, Spain. RP Renault, L (reprint author), ICTS SOCIB, Parc Bit,Bloc A 2 P Pta 3, ES-07121 Palma De Mallorca, Spain. EM lrenault@imedea.uib-csic.es OI Renault, Lionel/0000-0002-3001-2091; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473 FU MyOcean2 EU [283367]; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work has been partially supported by MyOcean2 EU funded project 283367 whose support is gratefully acknowledged. The use of the data from Puertos del Estado buoys network is also acknowledged. The FNL data (http://dss.ucar.edu/ds083) are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Meteo France is thanked for the GoL data and the authors are also grateful to K.I Hodges (ESSC) for his useful help with the TRACK software (http://www.nerc-essc.ac.uk/similar to kih/TRACK/Track.html). Jean-Michel Lellouche, Laurent Copolla and Julie Pullen are deeply acknowledged for fruitful discussions about this work. Augusti Jansa and AEMET are thanked for providing the clouds data. Maitane Olbarrieta, Manel Grifoll and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank IMEDEA for hosting part of the SOCIB modelling facility. NR 97 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C09019 DI 10.1029/2012JC007924 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007NF UT WOS:000308894300001 ER PT J AU Lu, D Ye, M Hill, MC AF Lu, Dan Ye, Ming Hill, Mary C. TI Analysis of regression confidence intervals and Bayesian credible intervals for uncertainty quantification SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODELS; EVALUATING PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; HYDROGEOLOGIC INFORMATION; ASSESSING RELIABILITY; PREDICTION INTERVALS; NONLINEAR CONFIDENCE; WATERSHED MODEL; ERROR REDUCTION; 2 STATISTICS; DATA-WORTH AB Confidence intervals based on classical regression theories augmented to include prior information and credible intervals based on Bayesian theories are conceptually different ways to quantify parametric and predictive uncertainties. Because both confidence and credible intervals are used in environmental modeling, we seek to understand their differences and similarities. This is of interest in part because calculating confidence intervals typically requires tens to thousands of model runs, while Bayesian credible intervals typically require tens of thousands to millions of model runs. Given multi-Gaussian distributed observation errors, our theoretical analysis shows that, for linear or linearized-nonlinear models, confidence and credible intervals are always numerically identical when consistent prior information is used. For nonlinear models, nonlinear confidence and credible intervals can be numerically identical if parameter confidence regions defined using the approximate likelihood method and parameter credible regions estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo realizations are numerically identical and predictions are a smooth, monotonic function of the parameters. Both occur if intrinsic model nonlinearity is small. While the conditions of Gaussian errors and small intrinsic model nonlinearity are violated by many environmental models, heuristic tests using analytical and numerical models suggest that linear and nonlinear confidence intervals can be useful approximations of uncertainty even under significantly nonideal conditions. In the context of epistemic model error for a complex synthetic nonlinear groundwater problem, the linear and nonlinear confidence and credible intervals for individual models performed similarly enough to indicate that the computationally frugal confidence intervals can be useful in many circumstances. Experiences with these groundwater models are expected to be broadly applicable to many environmental models. We suggest that for environmental problems with lengthy execution times that make credible intervals inconvenient or prohibitive, confidence intervals can provide important insight. During model development when frequent calculation of uncertainty intervals is important to understanding the consequences of various model construction alternatives and data collection strategies, strategic use of both confidence and credible intervals can be critical. C1 [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lu, Dan; Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM mchill@usgs.gov RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008 FU NSF-EAR [0911074]; DOE-SBR [DE-SC0002687]; DOE Early Career Award [DE-SC0008272] FX The authors thank David Draper and Bruno Mendes for inspiring discussions, John Doherty and Jasper Vrugt for providing the MICA and DREAM codes, respectively, used for the MCMC simulation, Dmitri Kavetski for helping to verify the MCMC results, and Alberto Montanari and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by NSF-EAR grant 0911074, DOE-SBR grant DE-SC0002687 and DOE Early Career Award DE-SC0008272. NR 88 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09521 DI 10.1029/2011WR011289 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 007ML UT WOS:000308892300002 ER PT J AU Mirus, BB Perkins, KS AF Mirus, Benjamin B. Perkins, Kim S. TI Practical estimates of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity of bedrock outcrops using a modified bottomless bucket method SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION; VARYING DEGREES; DESERT SOILS; INFILTRATION AB The bottomless bucket (BB) approach (Nimmo et al., 2009a) is a cost-effective method for rapidly characterizing field-saturated hydraulic conductivity K-fs of soils and alluvial deposits. This practical approach is of particular value for quantifying infiltration rates in remote areas with limited accessibility. A similar approach for bedrock outcrops is also of great value for improving quantitative understanding of infiltration and recharge in rugged terrain. We develop a simple modification to the BB method for application to bedrock outcrops, which uses a nontoxic, quick-drying silicone gel to seal the BB to the bedrock. These modifications to the field method require only minor changes to the analytical solution for calculating K-fs on soils. We investigate the reproducibility of the method with laboratory experiments on a previously studied calcarenite rock and conduct a sensitivity analysis to quantify uncertainty in our predictions. We apply the BB method on both bedrock and soil for sites on Pahute Mesa, which is located in a remote area of the Nevada National Security Site. The bedrock BB tests may require monitoring over several hours to days, depending on infiltration rates, which necessitates a cover to prevent evaporative losses. Our field and laboratory results compare well to K-fs values inferred from independent reports, which suggests the modified BB method can provide useful estimates and facilitate simple hypothesis testing. The ease with which the bedrock BB method can be deployed should facilitate more rapid in situ data collection than is possible with alternative methods for quantitative characterization of infiltration into bedrock. C1 [Mirus, Benjamin B.; Perkins, Kim S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09602 DI 10.1029/2012WR012053 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 007ML UT WOS:000308892300005 ER PT J AU Hu, DY Yang, LM Zhou, J Deng, L AF Hu, Deyong Yang, Limin Zhou, Ji Deng, Lei TI Estimation of urban energy heat flux and anthropogenic heat discharge using aster image and meteorological data: case study in Beijing metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic heat discharge flux; urban heat island; ASTER; meteorological data; remote sensing retrieval ID RADIATION BALANCE; CLIMATE; ISLAND; CITY; CITIES; ENVIRONMENT; EVAPORATION; TURBULENCE; EMISSIONS; RELEASE AB In order to analyze the mechanism of the urban heat island, it is paramount and meaningful to estimate the anthropogenic heat flux in cities. A case study was carried out to study the energy balance process in Beijing, China, based on a canopy energy balance equation and to estimate the urban energy fluxes and anthropogenic heat discharge and their seasonal and spatial variations. Two ASTER images and meteorological observation data from the winter and summer seasons were used for the study. The results showed that: (1) in Beijing, the anthropogenic heat discharge flux reached a maximum of 163.76 W m(-2) in winter and 288.26 W m(-2) in summer. Spatially, the magnitude of the flux was significantly affected by urban land cover types. In winter, the highest value occurred at an urban commercial district with an average value of 47.60 W m(-2). In summer, the highest value occurred at the airport and the industrial areas with the regional average reaching 47.29 W m(-2); the spatial pattern of the heat discharge appears to be clustered, with some, localized high-accumulation centers such as in industrial areas and commercial districts. (2) The anthropogenic discharge was one of the important contributors to the surface-atmosphere energy exchange in cities. The heat discharge had a positive effect on elevating the surface temperature and formation of the urban heat island, especially in the summer. The study confirms the importance to account for the impact of the anthropogenic heat flux on urban energy budget. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063559] C1 [Hu, Deyong; Deng, Lei] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Limin] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhou, Ji] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Resources & Environm, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. RP Hu, DY (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM deyonghu@163.com FU National Basic Research Program (973 Program) [2010CB950902] FX This research is supported by The National Basic Research Program (973 Program), Project No.: 2010CB950902. The author would also like to acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions made by the anonymous reviewers helped to improve this article. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063559 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063559 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 032FE UT WOS:000310697400001 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Useche, DC Rendeiro, J Kalka, M Bradshaw, CJA Sloan, SP Laurance, SG Campbell, M Abernethy, K Alvarez, P Arroyo-Rodriguez, V Ashton, P Benitez-Malvido, J Blom, A Bobo, KS Cannon, CH Cao, M Carroll, R Chapman, C Coates, R Cords, M Danielsen, F De Dijn, B Dinerstein, E Donnelly, MA Edwards, D Edwards, F Farwig, N Fashing, P Forget, PM Foster, M Gale, G Harris, D Harrison, R Hart, J Karpanty, S Kress, WJ Krishnaswamy, J Logsdon, W Lovett, J Magnusson, W Maisels, F Marshall, AR McClearn, D Mudappa, D Nielsen, MR Pearson, R Pitman, N van der Ploeg, J Plumptre, A Poulsen, J Quesada, M Rainey, H Robinson, D Roetgers, C Rovero, F Scatena, F Schulze, C Sheil, D Struhsaker, T Terborgh, J Thomas, D Timm, R Urbina-Cardona, JN Vasudevan, K Wright, SJ Arias-G, JC Arroyo, L Ashton, M Auzel, P Babaasa, D Babweteera, F Baker, P Banki, O Bass, M Bila-Isia, I Blake, S Brockelman, W Brokaw, N Bruhl, CA Bunyavejchewin, S Chao, JT Chave, J Chellam, R Clark, CJ Clavijo, J Congdon, R Corlett, R Dattaraja, HS Dave, C Davies, G Beisiegel, BD da Silva, RD Di Fiore, A Diesmos, A Dirzo, R Doran-Sheehy, D Eaton, M Emmons, L Estrada, A Ewango, C Fedigan, L Feer, F Fruth, B Willis, JG Goodale, U Goodman, S Guix, JC Guthiga, P Haber, W Hamer, K Herbinger, I Hill, J Huang, ZL Sun, IF Ickes, K Itoh, A Ivanauskas, N Jackes, B Janovec, J Janzen, D Jiangming, M Jin, C Jones, T Justiniano, H Kalko, E Kasangaki, A Killeen, T King, HB Klop, E Knott, C Kone, I Kudavidanage, E Ribeiro, JLD Lattke, J Laval, R Lawton, R Leal, M Leighton, M Lentino, M Leonel, C Lindsell, J Ling-Ling, L Linsenmair, KE Losos, E Lugo, A Lwanga, J Mack, AL Martins, M McGraw, WS McNab, R Montag, L Thompson, JM Nabe-Nielsen, J Nakagawa, M Nepal, S Norconk, M Novotny, V O'Donnell, S Opiang, M Ouboter, P Parker, K Parthasarathy, N Pisciotta, K Prawiradilaga, D Pringle, C Rajathurai, S Reichard, U Reinartz, G Renton, K Reynolds, G Reynolds, V Riley, E Rodel, MO Rothman, J Round, P Sakai, S Sanaiotti, T Savini, T Schaab, G Seidensticker, J Siaka, A Silman, MR Smith, TB de Almeida, SS Sodhi, N Stanford, C Stewart, K Stokes, E Stoner, KE Sukumar, R Surbeck, M Tobler, M Tscharntke, T Turkalo, A Umapathy, G van Weerd, M Rivera, JV Venkataraman, M Venn, L Verea, C de Castilho, CV Waltert, M Wang, B Watts, D Weber, W West, P Whitacre, D Whitney, K Wilkie, D Williams, S Wright, DD Wright, P Xiankai, L Yonzon, P Zamzani, F AF Laurance, William F. Useche, D. Carolina Rendeiro, Julio Kalka, Margareta Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Sloan, Sean P. Laurance, Susan G. Campbell, Mason Abernethy, Kate Alvarez, Patricia Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor Ashton, Peter Benitez-Malvido, Julieta Blom, Allard Bobo, Kadiri S. Cannon, Charles H. Cao, Min Carroll, Richard Chapman, Colin Coates, Rosamond Cords, Marina Danielsen, Finn De Dijn, Bart Dinerstein, Eric Donnelly, Maureen A. Edwards, David Edwards, Felicity Farwig, Nina Fashing, Peter Forget, Pierre-Michel Foster, Mercedes Gale, George Harris, David Harrison, Rhett Hart, John Karpanty, Sarah Kress, W. John Krishnaswamy, Jagdish Logsdon, Willis Lovett, Jon Magnusson, William Maisels, Fiona Marshall, Andrew R. McClearn, Deedra Mudappa, Divya Nielsen, Martin R. Pearson, Richard Pitman, Nigel van der Ploeg, Jan Plumptre, Andrew Poulsen, John Quesada, Mauricio Rainey, Hugo Robinson, Douglas Roetgers, Christiane Rovero, Francesco Scatena, Frederick Schulze, Christian Sheil, Douglas Struhsaker, Thomas Terborgh, John Thomas, Duncan Timm, Robert Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas Vasudevan, Karthikeyan Wright, S. Joseph Arias-G, Juan Carlos Arroyo, Luzmila Ashton, Mark Auzel, Philippe Babaasa, Dennis Babweteera, Fred Baker, Patrick Banki, Olaf Bass, Margot Bila-Isia, Inogwabini Blake, Stephen Brockelman, Warren Brokaw, Nicholas Bruehl, Carsten A. Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh Chao, Jung-Tai Chave, Jerome Chellam, Ravi Clark, Connie J. Clavijo, Jose Congdon, Robert Corlett, Richard Dattaraja, H. S. Dave, Chittaranjan Davies, Glyn Beisiegel, Beatriz de Mello da Silva, Rosa de Nazarepaes Di Fiore, Anthony Diesmos, Arvin Dirzo, Rodolfo Doran-Sheehy, Diane Eaton, Mitchell Emmons, Louise Estrada, Alejandro Ewango, Corneille Fedigan, Linda Feer, Francois Fruth, Barbara Willis, Jacalyn Giacalone Goodale, Uromi Goodman, Steven Guix, Juan C. Guthiga, Paul Haber, William Hamer, Keith Herbinger, Ilka Hill, Jane Huang, Zhongliang Sun, I. Fang Ickes, Kalan Itoh, Akira Ivanauskas, Natalia Jackes, Betsy Janovec, John Janzen, Daniel Jiangming, Mo Jin, Chen Jones, Trevor Justiniano, Hermes Kalko, Elisabeth Kasangaki, Aventino Killeen, Timothy King, Hen-biau Klop, Erik Knott, Cheryl Kone, Inza Kudavidanage, Enoka Ribeiro, Jose Lahoz da Silva Lattke, John Laval, Richard Lawton, Robert Leal, Miguel Leighton, Mark Lentino, Miguel Leonel, Cristiane Lindsell, Jeremy Ling-Ling, Lee Linsenmair, K. Eduard Losos, Elizabeth Lugo, Ariel Lwanga, Jeremiah Mack, Andrew L. Martins, Marlucia McGraw, W. Scott McNab, Roan Montag, Luciano Thompson, Jo Myers Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob Nakagawa, Michiko Nepal, Sanjay Norconk, Marilyn Novotny, Vojtech O'Donnell, Sean Opiang, Muse Ouboter, Paul Parker, Kenneth Parthasarathy, N. Pisciotta, Katia Prawiradilaga, Dewi Pringle, Catherine Rajathurai, Subaraj Reichard, Ulrich Reinartz, Gay Renton, Katherine Reynolds, Glen Reynolds, Vernon Riley, Erin Roedel, Mark-Oliver Rothman, Jessica Round, Philip Sakai, Shoko Sanaiotti, Tania Savini, Tommaso Schaab, Gertrud Seidensticker, John Siaka, Alhaji Silman, Miles R. Smith, Thomas B. de Almeida, Samuel Soares Sodhi, Navjot Stanford, Craig Stewart, Kristine Stokes, Emma Stoner, Kathryn E. Sukumar, Raman Surbeck, Martin Tobler, Mathias Tscharntke, Teja Turkalo, Andrea Umapathy, Govindaswamy van Weerd, Merlijn Rivera, Jorge Vega Venkataraman, Meena Venn, Linda Verea, Carlos de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer Waltert, Matthias Wang, Benjamin Watts, David Weber, William West, Paige Whitacre, David Whitney, Ken Wilkie, David Williams, Stephen Wright, Debra D. Wright, Patricia Xiankai, Lu Yonzon, Pralad Zamzani, Franky TI Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTION; FRAGMENTS; DEFORESTATION; RESERVES; AMAZON; WORLD AB The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon(1-3). With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental stresses(4-9). As pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical constraint in addressing this question has been that data describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31 functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified across the world's major tropical regions. Our analysis reveals great variation in reserve 'health': about half of all reserves have been effective or performed passably, but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them. These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines. C1 [Laurance, William F.; Sloan, Sean P.; Laurance, Susan G.; Campbell, Mason; Edwards, David; Edwards, Felicity; Logsdon, Willis; Roetgers, Christiane] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. [Laurance, William F.; Sloan, Sean P.; Laurance, Susan G.; Campbell, Mason; Edwards, David; Edwards, Felicity; Logsdon, Willis; Roetgers, Christiane] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. [Laurance, William F.; Useche, D. Carolina; Rendeiro, Julio; Kalka, Margareta; Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Abernethy, Kate; Maisels, Fiona] Univ Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Alvarez, Patricia; Pitman, Nigel; Struhsaker, Thomas; Terborgh, John; Clark, Connie J.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor; Benitez-Malvido, Julieta; Quesada, Mauricio] UNAM, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Ashton, Peter] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Blom, Allard; Carroll, Richard; Dinerstein, Eric; Itoh, Akira] World Wildlife Fund WWF, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Bobo, Kadiri S.] Univ Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. [Cannon, Charles H.; Cao, Min; Harrison, Rhett; Jin, Chen] Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Yunnan 666303, Peoples R China. [Chapman, Colin; Auzel, Philippe] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Coates, Rosamond; Estrada, Alejandro] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Estn Biol Trop Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz 95701, Mexico. [Cords, Marina; West, Paige] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Danielsen, Finn] Nord Fdn Dev & Ecol, DK-1159 Copenhagen, Denmark. [De Dijn, Bart] Bart De Dijn Environm Consultancy, Paramaribo, Surinam. [Donnelly, Maureen A.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Farwig, Nina] Univ Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Fashing, Peter] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Forget, Pierre-Michel; Feer, Francois] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-91800 Brunoy, France. [Foster, Mercedes] US Geol Survey, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gale, George; Savini, Tommaso] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand. [Harris, David] Royal Bot Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hart, John] Tshuapa Lomami Lualaba Project, Kinshasa, Congo. [Karpanty, Sarah] Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kress, W. John; Emmons, Louise] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Krishnaswamy, Jagdish] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm ATREE, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. [Lovett, Jon] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Magnusson, William; Sanaiotti, Tania] INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Maisels, Fiona; Rainey, Hugo; Blake, Stephen; Stokes, Emma; Weber, William; Wilkie, David] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Marshall, Andrew R.; Hill, Jane] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [McClearn, Deedra] La Selva Biol Stn, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Mudappa, Divya] Nat Conservat Fdn, Mysore 570002, Karnataka, India. [Nielsen, Martin R.] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pearson, Richard; Congdon, Robert; Jackes, Betsy; Williams, Stephen] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [van der Ploeg, Jan; van Weerd, Merlijn] Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. [Plumptre, Andrew] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Kampala, Uganda. [Poulsen, John] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Robinson, Douglas; Thomas, Duncan] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rovero, Francesco] Museo Sci, I-38122 Trento, Italy. [Scatena, Frederick; Janzen, Daniel] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schulze, Christian] Univ Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Sheil, Douglas] Bwindi Impenetrable Natl Pk, Kabale, Uganda. [Timm, Robert] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia. [Vasudevan, Karthikeyan] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun, India. [Arias-G, Juan Carlos] Unidad Parques Nacl Nat Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. [Arroyo, Luzmila] Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Ashton, Mark; Watts, David] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Babaasa, Dennis] Inst Trop Forest Conservat, Kabale, Uganda. [Babweteera, Fred] Budongo Conservat Field Stn, Masindi, Uganda. [Baker, Patrick] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Banki, Olaf] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bass, Margot] Finding Species, Takoma Pk, MD 20912 USA. [Bila-Isia, Inogwabini] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. [Brockelman, Warren] Mahidol Univ Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. [Brokaw, Nicholas] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Bruehl, Carsten A.] Univ Koblenz Landau, D-76829 Landau, Germany. [Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh] Dept Natl Pk, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Chao, Jung-Tai] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Taipei 10066, Taiwan. [Chave, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Chellam, Ravi] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India. [Clavijo, Jose] Cent Univ Venezuela, Aragua, Venezuela. [Corlett, Richard; Kudavidanage, Enoka; Sodhi, Navjot] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Dattaraja, H. S.] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Dave, Chittaranjan] World Wide Fund Nat WWF, New Delhi 110003, India. [Davies, Glyn] World Wide Fund Nat WWF, Surrey GU7 1XR, England. [Beisiegel, Beatriz de Mello] Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, BR-12952011 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [da Silva, Rosa de Nazarepaes] Conselho Reg Engn Arquitetura & Agron Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Di Fiore, Anthony] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Diesmos, Arvin] Natl Museum Philippines, Manila, Philippines. [Dirzo, Rodolfo] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Eaton, Mitchell] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Eaton, Mitchell] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ewango, Corneille] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Kinshasa, Congo. [Fedigan, Linda] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Fruth, Barbara; Surbeck, Martin] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany. [Willis, Jacalyn Giacalone] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Goodale, Uromi] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Goodman, Steven] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Guix, Juan C.] Univ Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Guthiga, Paul] Kenya Inst Publ Policy Res & Anal, Nairobi, Kenya. [Haber, William; Sun, I. Fang] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Hamer, Keith] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Herbinger, Ilka] Wild Chimpanzee Fdn, Abidjan 23, Cote Ivoire. [Huang, Zhongliang] Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Zhaoqing, Peoples R China. Tunghai Univ, Taichung 407, Taiwan. [Ickes, Kalan] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Itoh, Akira] Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. [Ivanauskas, Natalia] Inst Florestal, BR-02377000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Janovec, John; Tobler, Mathias] Bot Res Inst Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Jiangming, Mo; Xiankai, Lu] S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jones, Trevor] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. [Justiniano, Hermes] Fdn Conservac Bosque, Chiquitano, Bolivia. [Kalko, Elisabeth] Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kasangaki, Aventino] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Mbarara, Uganda. [Killeen, Timothy] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [King, Hen-biau] Soc Subtrop Ecol, Taipei, Taiwan. [Klop, Erik] Royal Haskoning Water & Ecol Grp, Groningen, Netherlands. [Knott, Cheryl] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kone, Inza] Ctr Suisse Rech Sci Cote Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Ribeiro, Jose Lahoz da Silva] Univ Estadual Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. [Lattke, John] Cent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. [Laval, Richard] Bat Jungle, Monteverde, Costa Rica. [Lawton, Robert] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Lentino, Miguel] Colecc Ornitol Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela. [Leonel, Cristiane] Parque Estadual Horto Florestal, BR-02377000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lindsell, Jeremy] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Ling-Ling, Lee] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Linsenmair, K. Eduard] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Losos, Elizabeth] Org Trop Studies, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Lugo, Ariel] USDA Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Lwanga, Jeremiah] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Mack, Andrew L.; Wright, Debra D.] Green Capac Inc, New Florence, PA 15944 USA. [Martins, Marlucia] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil. [McGraw, W. Scott] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McNab, Roan] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Flores, Guatemala. [Montag, Luciano] Fed Univ Para, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Thompson, Jo Myers] Lukuru Wildlife Res Fdn, Kinshasa, Congo. [Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob] Aarhus Univ, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Nepal, Sanjay] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nakagawa, Michiko] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Novotny, Vojtech] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Entomol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [O'Donnell, Sean] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Opiang, Muse] PNG Inst Biol Res, Goroka, Papua N Guinea. [Ouboter, Paul] Univ Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam. [Parthasarathy, N.] Pondicherry Univ, Pondicherry 605014, India. [Pisciotta, Katia] Fundacao Florestal, BR-02377000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Prawiradilaga, Dewi] Res Ctr Biol, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. [Pringle, Catherine] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rajathurai, Subaraj] Strix Wildlife Consultancy, Singapore, Singapore. [Reichard, Ulrich] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Reinartz, Gay] Zool Soc Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Renton, Katherine; Rivera, Jorge Vega] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Estn Biol Chamela, Jalisco 48980, Mexico. [Reynolds, Glen] Danum Valley Field Ctr, Sabah, Malaysia. [Reynolds, Vernon] Univ Oxford, Oxford BN26 5UX, England. [Riley, Erin] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Roedel, Mark-Oliver] Museum Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. [Rothman, Jessica] CUNY, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Round, Philip] Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Sakai, Shoko] Res Inst Human & Nat, Kyoto, Japan. [Schaab, Gertrud] Karlsruhe Univ Appl Sci, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Seidensticker, John] Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Siaka, Alhaji] Gola Forest Programme, Kenema, Sierra Leone. [Silman, Miles R.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. [Smith, Thomas B.; Wang, Benjamin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stanford, Craig] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Stewart, Kristine] Inst Appl Ethnobotany, Pompano Beach, FL 33069 USA. [Sukumar, Raman] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Stoner, Kathryn E.] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Tscharntke, Teja; Waltert, Matthias] Univ Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. [Turkalo, Andrea] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. [Umapathy, Govindaswamy] Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Venn, Linda] Paluma Environm Educ Ctr, Paluma, Qld 4816, Australia. [Verea, Carlos] Cent Univ Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. [de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer] Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. [Whitacre, David] Treasure Valley Math & Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83714 USA. [Whitney, Ken] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Wright, Patricia] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yonzon, Pralad] Resources Himalaya Fdn, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. EM bill.laurance@jcu.edu.au RI Williams, Stephen/A-7250-2008; Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor/C-9255-2009; Rainey, Hugo/I-6047-2012; Ivanauskas, Natalia/C-2224-2012; Whitney, Kenneth/B-2971-2011; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-5891-2010; Raman, Sukumar/C-9809-2013; Forget, Pierre-Michel/B-4355-2009; Cannon, Charles/D-7186-2012; van Weerd, Merlijn/K-6790-2013; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/A-8574-2013; Sloan, Sean/A-8630-2012; Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt/E-1173-2015; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; Lu, Xiankai/M-2127-2014; IBIS, INMUNOVIROLOGI/O-9246-2015; Waltert, Matthias/E-9134-2010; Lattke, John/K-2934-2015; Maisels, Fiona/E-7382-2015; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; Bradshaw, Corey/A-1311-2008; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/B-5447-2008; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; Tscharntke, Teja/N-5123-2014; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-3992-2014; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Sheil, Douglas/A-3867-2015; Bruhl, Carsten/F-3385-2012; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; Montag, Luciano/I-1485-2012; Stoner, Kathryn/E-1510-2015 OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124; Corlett, Richard/0000-0002-2508-9465; Campbell, Mason/0000-0001-6803-271X; Williams, Stephen/0000-0002-2510-7408; Ivanauskas, Natalia/0000-0001-6643-8476; Whitney, Kenneth/0000-0002-2523-5469; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/0000-0002-0716-9525; Forget, Pierre-Michel/0000-0002-9252-974X; Cannon, Charles/0000-0003-1901-0420; Pearson, Richard/0000-0001-6047-031X; Abernethy, Katharine/0000-0002-0393-9342; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/0000-0002-2389-5631; Harris, David/0000-0002-6801-2484; Bruhl, Carsten/0000-0003-1332-535X; Sloan, Sean/0000-0002-7834-0203; Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt/0000-0002-8941-6031; Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; Lattke, John/0000-0002-6793-3003; Maisels, Fiona/0000-0002-0778-0615; Bradshaw, Corey/0000-0002-5328-7741; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/0000-0002-4174-8467; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Sheil, Douglas/0000-0002-1166-6591; Stoner, Kathryn/0000-0002-9964-1697 FU James Cook University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Australian Laureate Fellowship; NSF [RCN-0741956] FX The study was supported by James Cook University, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, an Australian Laureate Fellowship (to W. F. L.) and NSF grant RCN-0741956. We thank A. Bruner, R. A. Butler, G. R. Clements, R. Condit, C. N. Cook, S. Goosem, J. Geldmann, L. Joppa, S. L. Pimm and O. Venter for comments. NR 30 TC 250 Z9 259 U1 66 U2 778 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 489 IS 7415 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1038/nature11318 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003UC UT WOS:000308635900041 PM 22832582 ER PT J AU Sulzner, K Johnson, CK Bonde, RK Gomez, NA Powell, J Nielsen, K Luttrell, MP Osterhaus, ADME Aguirre, AA AF Sulzner, Kathryn Johnson, Christine Kreuder Bonde, Robert K. Gomez, Nicole Auil Powell, James Nielsen, Klaus Luttrell, M. Page Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. Aguirre, A. Alonso TI Health Assessment and Seroepidemiologic Survey of Potential Pathogens in Wild Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEE; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; DUGONGS DUGONG-DUGON; FLORIDA MANATEES; MARINE MAMMALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; SERUM CHEMISTRY; LATIROSTRIS; LEPTOSPIROSIS; ANTIBODIES AB The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, inhabits fresh, brackish, and warm coastal waters distributed along the eastern border of Central America, the northern coast of South America, and throughout the Wider Caribbean Region. Threatened primarily by human encroachment, poaching, and habitat degradation, Antillean manatees are listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The impact of disease on population viability remains unknown in spite of concerns surrounding the species' ability to rebound from a population crash should an epizootic occur. To gain insight on the baseline health of this subspecies, a total of 191 blood samples were collected opportunistically from wild Antillean manatees in Belize between 1997 and 2009. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals were established, and antibody prevalence to eight pathogens with zoonotic potential was determined. Age was found to be a significant factor of variation in mean blood values, whereas sex, capture site, and season contributed less to overall differences in parameter values. Negative antibody titers were reported for all pathogens surveyed except for Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, and L. icterohemorrhagiae, Toxoplasma gondii, and morbillivirus. As part of comprehensive health assessment in manatees from Belize, this study will serve as a benchmark aiding in early disease detection and in the discernment of important epidemiologic patterns in the manatees of this region. Additionally, it will provide some of the initial tools to explore the broader application of manatees as sentinel species of nearshore ecosystem health. C1 [Sulzner, Kathryn; Johnson, Christine Kreuder] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gomez, Nicole Auil; Powell, James] Sea Shore Alliance, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Nielsen, Klaus] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Nepean, ON, Canada. [Luttrell, M. Page] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA USA. [Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.] Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Aguirre, A. Alonso] Smithsonian Mason Sch Conservat, Front Royal, VA USA. [Aguirre, A. Alonso] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Sulzner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aaguirr3@gmu.edu OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU University of California, Davis, CA; Wildlife Health Center's Wildlife Fellowship Fund; Preventive Veterinary Department, University of California, Davis, CA FX Financial support for many of the serological assays performed in this study was provided in part by the University of California, Davis, CA, Wildlife Health Center's Wildlife Fellowship Fund and by a grant from the Preventive Veterinary Department, University of California, Davis, CA. Additional laboratory tests and services were offered in-kind by Dr. Pat Conrad, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA; Dr. William Reisen, Center for Vectorborne Disease Research, University of California, Davis, CA; Dr. Dave Stallknecht and Page Luttrell, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Dr. Klaus Nielsen, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Nepean, Ontario, Canada; and Dr. A. D. M. E Osterhaus, Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44517 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044517 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005GJ UT WOS:000308738500062 PM 22984521 ER PT J AU Elias, EPL Gelfenbaum, G Van der Westhuysen, AJ AF Elias, Edwin P. L. Gelfenbaum, Guy Van der Westhuysen, Andre J. TI Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: The mouth of the Columbia River SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; LITTORAL CELL; ESTUARY; PLUME; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; ENERGETICS; SALINITY AB A monthlong time series of wave, current, salinity, and suspended-sediment measurements was made at five sites on a transect across the Mouth of Columbia River (MCR). These data were used to calibrate and evaluate the performance of a coupled hydrodynamic and wave model for the MCR based on the Delft3D modeling system. The MCR is a dynamic estuary inlet in which tidal currents, river discharge, and wave-driven currents are all important. Model tuning consisted primarily of spatial adjustments to bottom drag coefficients. In combination with (near-) default parameter settings, the MCR model application is able to simulate the dominant features in the tidal flow, salinity and wavefields observed in field measurements. The wave-orbital averaged method for representing the current velocity profile in the wave model is considered the most realistic for the MCR. The hydrodynamic model is particularly effective in reproducing the observed vertical residual and temporal variations in current structure. Density gradients introduce the observed and modeled reversal of the mean flow at the bed and augment mean and peak flow in the upper half of the water column. This implies that sediment transport during calmer summer conditions is controlled by density stratification and is likely net landward due to the reversal of flow near the bed. The correspondence between observed and modeled hydrodynamics makes this application a tool to investigate hydrodynamics and associated sediment transport. C1 [Elias, Edwin P. L.; Van der Westhuysen, Andre J.] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Elias, Edwin P. L.; Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Elias, EPL (reprint author), Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185,POB 177, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. EM edwin.elias@deltares.nl FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USACE; NOAA; Deltares; Dutch Centre for Water Management FX This work was carried out in cooperation between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Deltares. Funding for this study was provided by USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, USACE, NOAA, Deltares and the Dutch Centre for Water Management. We thank Giles Lesser for his original contributions to the MCR model, Hans Moritz for his leadership in obtaining the MGT data and Andrew Stevens for post-processing the MGT data. NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C09011 DI 10.1029/2012JC008105 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007MZ UT WOS:000308893700002 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Anderson, CW VerCauteren, KC AF Walter, W. David Anderson, Charles W. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Evaluation of Remote Delivery of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Technology to Mark Large Mammals SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TOPICAL TREATMENT; SYSTEM; CAPTURE; WILD; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ACARICIDE; MIGRATION; IXODIDAE AB Methods to individually mark and identify free-ranging wildlife without trapping and handling would be useful for a variety of research and management purposes. The use of Passive Integrated Transponder technology could be an efficient method for collecting data for mark-recapture analysis and other strategies for assessing characteristics about populations of various wildlife species. Passive Integrated Transponder tags (PIT) have unique numbered frequencies and have been used to successfully mark and identify mammals. We tested for successful injection of PIT and subsequent functioning of PIT into gelatin blocks using 4 variations of a prototype dart. We then selected the prototype dart that resulted in the least depth of penetration in the gelatin block to assess the ability of PIT to be successfully implanted into muscle tissue of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) post-mortem and long-term in live, captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus). The prototype dart with a 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) needle length and no powder charge resulted in the shallowest mean (+/- SD) penetration depth into gelatin blocks of 27.0 mm (+/-5.6 mm) with 2.0 psi setting on the Dan-Inject CO2-pressured rifle. Eighty percent of PIT were successfully injected in the muscle mass of white-tailed deer post-mortem with a mean (+/- SD) penetration depth of 22.2 mm (+/-3.8 mm; n = 6). We injected PIT successfully into 13 live, captive elk by remote delivery at about 20 m that remained functional for 7 months. We successfully demonstrated that PIT could be remotely delivered in darts into muscle mass of large mammals and remain functional for >6 months. Although further research is warranted to fully develop the technique, remote delivery of PIT technology to large mammals is possible using prototype implant darts. C1 [Walter, W. David; Anderson, Charles W.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu FU National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44838 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044838 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003VE UT WOS:000308638700090 PM 22984572 ER PT J AU Sauer, MJ Roesler, CS Werdell, PJ Barnard, A AF Sauer, Michael J. Roesler, C. S. Werdell, P. J. Barnard, A. TI Under the hood of satellite empirical chlorophyll a algorithms: revealing the dependencies of maximum band ratio algorithms on inherent optical properties SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CASE-I WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CASE-1 WATERS; TIME-SERIES; ABSORPTION; VARIABILITY; PARTICLES AB Empirically-based satellite estimates of chlorophyll a [Chl] (e.g. OC3) are an important indicator of phytoplankton biomass. To correctly interpret [Chl] variability, estimates must be accurate and sources of algorithm errors known. While the underlying assumptions of band ratio algorithms such as OC3 have been tacitly hypothesized (i.e. CDOM and phytoplankton absorption covary), the influence of component absorption and scattering on the shape of the algorithm and estimated [Chl] error has yet to be explicitly revealed. We utilized the NOMAD bio-optical data set to examine variations between satellite estimated [Chl] and in situ values. We partitioned the variability into (a) signal contamination and (b) natural phytoplankton variability (variability in chlorophyll-specific phytoplankton absorption). Not surprisingly, the OC3 best-fit curve resulted from a balance between these two different sources of variation confirming the bias by detrital absorption on global scale. Unlike previous descriptions of empirical [Chl] algorithms, our study (a) quantified the mean detrital: phytoplankton absorption as similar to 1:1in the global NOMAD data set, and (b) removed detrital (CDOM + non-algal particle) absorption in radiative transfer models directly showing that the scale of the remaining variability in the band ratio algorithm was dominated by phytoplankton absorption cross section. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Sauer, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Roesler, C. S.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Earth & Oceanog Sci, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Werdell, P. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sauer, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM msauer@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNX08AU83H] FX This work was funded by NASA Earth Space Fellowship #NNX08AU83H to MJS. The authors wish to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and advice on this manuscript. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 19 BP 20920 EP 20933 DI 10.1364/OE.20.020920 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007CE UT WOS:000308865600036 PM 23037216 ER PT J AU Twibell, RG Gannam, AL Hyde, NM Holmes, JSA Poole, JB AF Twibell, Ronald G. Gannam, Ann L. Hyde, Nathan M. Holmes, John S. A. Poole, Jeff B. TI Effects of fish meal- and fish oil-free diets on growth responses and fatty acid composition of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Coho salmon; Alternative ingredient; Plant oil; Poultry byproduct meal ID BY-PRODUCT MEAL; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR-L.; LIPID SOURCES; CANOLA OIL; RAPESEED OIL; PROTEIN-SOURCES; SOYBEAN-MEAL; OSMOREGULATORY ABILITY AB Commercial diets fed to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) contain high levels of fish meal and fish oil. Given concerns about future supplies and prices of these commodities, more nutritional research aimed at identifying alternative dietary ingredients for Pacific salmon is needed. Thus, utilizing a factorial design, terrestrial proteins and lipids were evaluated in practical diets fed to coho salmon. The two basal diets, containing mostly marine proteins or containing only terrestrial proteins, were extruded and top-coated with either marine fish oil or a 63:37 mixture of canola and flaxseed oils. Each of the four dietary treatments was fed to quadruplicate groups of juvenile coho salmon initially weighing 7.5 g/fish. At the end of the 15-wk feeding trial, weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE) and survival were significantly higher in fish fed diets containing marine protein compared with fish fed diets containing terrestrial proteins. Similarly, WG and FE were significantly higher in fish fed diets containing fish oil compared with fish fed diets containing plant oils. Survival was not significantly affected by dietary lipid source. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and total protein concentrations in whole blood were significantly higher in fish fed the marine protein diets compared with fish fed the terrestrial protein diets. Hematological responses were not significantly affected by dietary lipid source. Tissue (liver, muscle and carcass) lipids in fish fed the diets with added fish oil contained significantly higher proportions of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 and significantly lower 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 percentages compared with fish fed the diets with added plant oils. Tissue fatty acid profiles also were significantly affected by dietary protein source, as liver, muscle and whole body lipids of fish fed the terrestrial protein diets contained significantly higher percentages of 18:2n-6 and total n-6 PUFA and a significantly lower total n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratio compared with fish fed the marine protein diets. Results of this study indicate complete replacement of dietary fish meal or fish oil individually have similar inhibitory growth effects in coho salmon, but have different effects on survival, hematological responses and tissue fatty acid percentages in this species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Twibell, Ronald G.; Gannam, Ann L.; Hyde, Nathan M.; Holmes, John S. A.; Poole, Jeff B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Twibell, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM Ronald_Twibell@fws.gov NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 9 PY 2012 VL 360 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.019 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 996FX UT WOS:000308071400011 ER PT J AU Alt, JC Shanks, WC Crispini, L Gaggero, L Schwarzenbach, EM Fruh-Green, GL Bernasconi, SM AF Alt, Jeffrey C. Shanks, W. C., III Crispini, Laura Gaggero, Laura Schwarzenbach, Esther M. Frueh-Green, Gretchen L. Bernasconi, Stefano M. TI Uptake of carbon and sulfur during seafloor serpentinization and the effects of subduction metamorphism in Ligurian peridotites SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Serpentinite; Stable isotopes; Carbon; Sulfur; Subduction; Geochemical cycling ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; HOSTED HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MASSIF MAR 30-DEGREES-N; ALTERED OCEANIC BASALTS; SLOW-SPREADING RIDGES; LOST-CITY; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; CORE COMPLEXES; APENNINE OPHIOLITES AB The concentrations and isotope compositions of carbon and sulfur in Ligurian serpentinites having different metamorphic histories were analyzed in order to investigate the behavior of sulfur and carbon during seafloor serpentinization and during subduction metamorphism. Serpentinites associated with gabbros and with seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposits in northern Apennine ophiolites that exhibit only slight effects of low-grade metamorphism have high sulfur contents (190-1440 ppm total sulfur) and delta S-34(Total) (S) values of up to 9.8 parts per thousand. through interaction with hydrothermal fluids in high-temperature ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems on the seafloor. Fluid circulation was driven by mafic intrusions and the hydrothermal fluids contained a mixture of basaltic and seawater-derived sulfur. The serpentinites contain 250-480 ppm total carbon having delta C-13(Total) (C) values of -9.4 to -6.0 parts per thousand, reflecting mixtures of seawater carbonate (similar to 0 parts per thousand.) and reduced (organic) carbon having delta C-13 approximate to - 25 parts per thousand and derived from multiple sources. Entrainment of cold seawater into the subsurface beneath seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposits maintained locally low temperatures and enabled microbial reduction of seawater sulfate. Combined with previous work documenting low-temperature serpentinization on the seafloor away from such gabbro-driven high-temperature hydrothermal activity, these results provide an integrated view of serpentinization processes in tectonically extended oceanic basement exposed in oceanic core complexes. High-P-T antigorite serpentinites in the Voltri massif (Ligurian Alps) have sulfur and carbon contents and isotope compositions similar to those of the Apennine ophiolites, indicating that the protoliths underwent similar hydrothermal processes on the seafloor. Reciystallization of chrysotile and lizardite to antigorite and minor partial dehydration to olivine during subduction metamorphism result in no significant changes in the contents or isotope compositions of sulfur or carbon in the serpentinites. We estimate that the uptake of carbon and sulfur by serpentinites in oceanic basement is comparable to or greater than that per unit volume of mafic oceanic crust. The high P-T stability of serpentine can, however, make serpentinites important for transport of carbon and sulfur to greater depths in subduction zones. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shanks, W. C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Crispini, Laura; Gaggero, Laura] Univ Genoa, DISTAV, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. [Schwarzenbach, Esther M.; Frueh-Green, Gretchen L.; Bernasconi, Stefano M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Alt, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jalt@umich.edu RI Bernasconi, Stefano/E-5394-2010; OI Bernasconi, Stefano/0000-0001-7672-8856; Crispini, Laura/0000-0001-5770-8569 FU NSF [EAR 0809000]; Swiss SNF [20020-116226, 200020-124669] FX This work was supported by NSF EAR 0809000. J.A. thanks Lora Wingate and Susan Alford for assistance in the lab. Funding to support E.S. was provided by Swiss SNF grant no. 20020-116226 and no. 200020-124669. NR 93 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 5 PY 2012 VL 322 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.07.009 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 008RG UT WOS:000308973600021 ER PT J AU Glaser, PH Volin, JC Givnish, TJ Hansen, BCS Stricker, CA AF Glaser, Paul H. Volin, John C. Givnish, Thomas J. Hansen, Barbara C. S. Stricker, Craig A. TI Carbon and sediment accumulation in the Everglades (USA) during the past 4000 years: Rates, drivers, and sources of error SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEAT ACCUMULATION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; CORE COMPRESSION; LAKES MICHIGAN; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL CARBON; RAISED BOGS AB Tropical and subtropical wetlands are considered to be globally important sources of greenhouse gases, but their capacity to store carbon is presumably limited by warm soil temperatures and high rates of decomposition. Unfortunately, these assumptions can be difficult to test across long timescales because the chronology, cumulative mass, and completeness of a sedimentary profile are often difficult to establish. We therefore made a detailed analysis of a core from the principal drainage outlet of the Everglades of South Florida in order to assess these problems and determine the factors that could govern carbon accumulation in this large subtropical wetland. Accelerator mass spectroscopy dating provided direct evidence for both hard-water and open-system sources of dating errors, whereas cumulative mass varied depending upon the type of method used. Radiocarbon dates of gastropod shells, nevertheless, seemed to provide a reliable chronology for this core once the hard-water error was quantified and subtracted. Long-term accumulation rates were then calculated to be 12.1 g m(-2) yr(-1) for carbon, which is less than half the average rate reported for northern and tropical peatlands. Moreover, accumulation rates remained slow and relatively steady for both organic and inorganic strata, and the slow rate of sediment accretion (0.2 mm yr(-1)) tracked the correspondingly slow rise in sea level (0.35 mm yr(-1)) reported for South Florida over the past 4000 years. These results suggest that sea level and the local geologic setting may impose long-term constraints on rates of sediment and carbon accumulation in the Everglades and other wetlands. C1 [Glaser, Paul H.; Hansen, Barbara C. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Volin, John C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT USA. [Givnish, Thomas J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Glaser, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM glase001@umn.edu FU Everglades National Park; South Florida Water Management District FX This investigation was funded by grants from Everglades National Park and the South Florida Water Management District. We wish to thank Dianne Owen, Jordan Muss, and Michael Lott for field and logistical support, Douglas Schnurrenberger, Amy Myrbo, Anders Noren, Kristina Brady and James Zimmerman for lab support, Eric Grimm for advice on radiocarbon dating, Tom Guilderson from the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for AMS14C dating, and H.E Wright, Jr. and the editors and five anonymous reviewers for critiquing the manuscript. NR 106 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 5 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G03026 DI 10.1029/2011JG001821 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 003GZ UT WOS:000308598800001 ER PT J AU Todd, AS Manning, AH Verplanck, PL Crouch, C McKnight, DM Dunham, R AF Todd, Andrew S. Manning, Andrew H. Verplanck, Philip L. Crouch, Caitlin McKnight, Diane M. Dunham, Ryan TI Climate-Change-Driven Deterioration of Water Quality in a Mineralized Watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SULFIDE MINERALS; PYRITE OXIDATION; PERMAFROST THAW; ALPINE LAKES; FRONT RANGE; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; COLORADO; ROCK AB A unique. 30-year streamwater chemistry data set from a mineralized alpine watershed with naturally acidic, metal-rich water displays dissolved concentrations of Zn and other metals of ecological concern increasing by 100-400% (400-2000 mu g/L) during low-flow months, when metal concentrations are highest. SO4 and other major ions show similar increases. A lack of natural or anthropogenic land disturbances in the watershed during the study period suggests that climate change is the underlying cause. Local mean annual and mean summer air temperatures have increased at a rate of 0.2-1.2 degrees C/decade since the 1980s. Other climatic and hydrologic indices, including stream discharge during low-flow months, do not display statistically significant trends. Consideration of potential specific causal mechanisms driven by rising temperatures suggests that melting of permafrost and falling water tables (from decreased recharge) are probable explanations for the increasing concentrations. The prospect of future widespread increases in dissolved solutes from mineralized watersheds is concerning given likely negative impacts on downstream ecosystems and water resources, and complications created for the establishment of attainable remediation objectives at mine sites. C1 [Todd, Andrew S.; Manning, Andrew H.; Verplanck, Philip L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Crouch, Caitlin; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunham, Ryan] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Todd, AS (reprint author), Mail Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM atodd@usgs.gov OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 FU USGS Mineral Resources Program; EPA Federal Facilities program; Northwest Colorado Council of Governments FX Funding sources include the USGS Mineral Resources Program, the EPA Federal Facilities program, and the Northwest Colorado Council of Governments. We thank R Anthony with the Colorado Water Quality Control Division for providing access to state data. We thank W. Schroeder with the EPA for his extensive fieldwork. We thank J. Wyatt with EPA and R. Blackburn with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their commitment to this project. We thank the three anonymous journal reviewers and A. Mast (USGS) for their insightful comments which greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency but do represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9324 EP 9332 DI 10.1021/es3020056 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700015 PM 22897340 ER PT J AU Balouet, JC Burken, JG Karg, F Vroblesky, D Smith, KT Grudd, H Rindby, A Beaujard, F Chalot, M AF Balouet, Jean Christophe Burken, Joel G. Karg, Frank Vroblesky, Don Smith, Kevin T. Grudd, Hakan Rindby, Anders Beaujard, Francois Chalot, Michel TI Dendrochemistry of Multiple Releases of Chlorinated Solvents at a Former Industrial Site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS; TREE-RINGS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; DENDROCHRONOLOGY AB Trees can take up and assimilate contaminants from the soil, subsurface, and groundwater. Contaminants in the transpiration stream can become bound or incorporated into the annual rings formed in trees of the temperate zones. The chemical analysis of precisely dated tree rings, called dendrochemistry, can be used to interpret past plant interactions with contaminants. This investigation demonstrates that dendrochemistry can be used to generate historical scenarios of past contamination of groundwater by chlorinated solvents at a site in Verl, Germany. Increment cores from trees at the Verl site were collected and analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) line scanning. The EDXRF profiles showed four to six time periods where tree rings had anomalously high concentrations of chlorine (Cl) as an indicator of potential contamination by chlorinated solvents. C1 [Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, F-60129 Orrouy, France. [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Karg, Frank] HPC R&D Div, Noyal Chatillon, France. [Vroblesky, Don] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grudd, Hakan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Beaujard, Francois] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, Ctr Clermont Ferrand, UMR 547,PIAF, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand 02, France. [Chalot, Michel] Univ Franche Comte, Lab Chronoenvironm, UMR6249, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Chalot, Michel] Lorraine Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Tree Microbe Interact Unit, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Balouet, JC (reprint author), Environm Int, 2 Ruelle Hamet, F-60129 Orrouy, France. EM balouet.jean-christophe@neuf.fr RI Grudd, Hakan/G-7952-2012; Burken, Joel /C-2099-2016; CHALOT, Michel/A-1113-2012 OI Grudd, Hakan/0000-0002-9033-2505; Burken, Joel /0000-0002-7774-5364; FU HPC Envirotec RD division; Ademe (French Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie) FX The site investigation was funded by HPC Envirotec R&D division. Field, premapping, and important historical research were conducted by Ralf Sutka, HPC Envirotec AG. We are also deeply indebted to PIT (Pollution Investigation by Trees), an international program funded by Ademe (French Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie). We are also indebted to James Landmeyer of the U.S. Geological Survey and the many others who contributed to the review of this article. The use of trade names in this document does not imply endorsement on the part of the organizations represented by the authors or by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9541 EP 9547 DI 10.1021/es300318v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700040 PM 22856596 ER PT J AU Miller, W Schuster, SC Welch, AJ Ratan, A Bedoya-Reina, OC Zhao, FQ Kim, HL Burhans, RC Drautz, DI Wittekindt, NE Tomsho, LP Ibarra-Laclette, E Herrera-Estrella, L Peacock, E Farley, S Sage, GK Rode, K Obbard, M Montiel, R Bachmann, L Ingolfsson, O Aars, J Mailund, T Wiig, O Talbot, SL Lindqvist, C AF Miller, Webb Schuster, Stephan C. Welch, Andreanna J. Ratan, Aakrosh Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C. Zhao, Fangqing Kim, Hie Lim Burhans, Richard C. Drautz, Daniela I. Wittekindt, Nicola E. Tomsho, Lynn P. Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique Herrera-Estrella, Luis Peacock, Elizabeth Farley, Sean Sage, George K. Rode, Karyn Obbard, Martyn Montiel, Rafael Bachmann, Lutz Ingolfsson, Olafur Aars, Jon Mailund, Thomas Wiig, Oystein Talbot, Sandra L. Lindqvist, Charlotte TI Polar and brown bear genomes reveal ancient admixture and demographic footprints of past climate change SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE demographic history; hybridization; mammalian genomics; phylogenetics ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BUTYROPHILIN BTN1A1; HISTORY; SELECTION; SEQUENCE; GENE; HYBRIDIZATION; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORM; INFERENCE AB Polar bears (PBs) are superbly adapted to the extreme Arctic environment and have become emblematic of the threat to biodiversity from global climate change. Their divergence from the lower-latitude brown bear provides a textbook example of rapid evolution of distinct phenotypes. However, limited mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence conflicts in the timing of PB origin as well as placement of the species within versus sister to the brown bear lineage. We gathered extensive genomic sequence data from contemporary polar, brown, and American black bear samples, in addition to a 130,000- to 110,000-y old PB, to examine this problem from a genome-wide perspective. Nuclear DNA markers reflect a species tree consistent with expectation, showing polar and brown bears to be sister species. However, for the enigmatic brown bears native to Alaska's Alexander Archipelago, we estimate that not only their mitochondrial genome, but also 5-10% of their nuclear genome, is most closely related to PBs, indicating ancient admixture between the two species. Explicit admixture analyses are consistent with ancient splits among PBs, brown bears and black bears that were later followed by occasional admixture. We also provide paleodemographic estimates that suggest bear evolution has tracked key climate events, and that PB in particular experienced a prolonged and dramatic decline in its effective population size during the last ca. 500,000 years. We demonstrate that brown bears and PBs have had sufficiently independent evolutionary histories over the last 4-5 million years to leave imprints in the PB nuclear genome that likely are associated with ecological adaptation to the Arctic environment. C1 [Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique; Herrera-Estrella, Luis; Montiel, Rafael] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Lab Nacl Genom Biodiversidad, Irapuato 36821, Mexico. [Miller, Webb; Schuster, Stephan C.; Ratan, Aakrosh; Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.; Kim, Hie Lim; Burhans, Richard C.; Tomsho, Lynn P.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schuster, Stephan C.; Zhao, Fangqing; Drautz, Daniela I.; Wittekindt, Nicola E.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore. [Welch, Andreanna J.; Lindqvist, Charlotte] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Zhao, Fangqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Life Sci, Computat Genom Lab, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Peacock, Elizabeth; Sage, George K.; Talbot, Sandra L.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Farley, Sean] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Rode, Karyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Obbard, Martyn] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. [Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Ingolfsson, Olafur] Univ Iceland, Dept Earth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Ingolfsson, Olafur] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Mailund, Thomas] Aarhus Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Herrera-Estrella, L (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Lab Nacl Genom Biodiversidad, Irapuato 36821, Mexico. EM lherrera@langebio.cinvestav.mx; cl243@buffalo.edu RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; Montiel, Rafael/A-6774-2008; Herrera Estrella, Luis/G-7351-2011; Wittekindt, Nicola/G-3469-2013; Kim, Hie Lim/E-7393-2017; OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Ingolfsson, Olafur/0000-0001-8143-2005; Montiel, Rafael/0000-0001-8052-0679; Herrera Estrella, Luis/0000-0001-7936-3856; Wittekindt, Nicola/0000-0002-3310-0919; Kim, Hie Lim/0000-0003-3080-9524; Obbard, Martyn/0000-0003-2064-0155; Mailund, Thomas/0000-0001-6206-9239 FU Penn State University; College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo; US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Canada; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Institutes of Health Grant [UL1 RR033184-01]; National Science Foundation Award [DEB 0733029]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Grant [55005946]; Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement Funds FX The authors thank Anders Gotherstrom (Uppsala University), Francesca Chiaromonte (Penn State University), and Victor A. Albert (University at Buffalo) for support during different stages of the project; and the Centre for Scientific Computing Aarhus (Aarhus University) for free computer time. LaVern Beier, Rod Flynn, and Neil Barten (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) and Bill Leacock (US Fish and Wildlife Service) facilitated field sampling. This study received financial support from Penn State University; the College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo; US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Canada; and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Funding of the Galaxy tools to analyze medium-coverage sequence data from multiple individuals is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant UL1 RR033184-01 to the Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Award DEB 0733029 (to W. M.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute Grant 55005946 (to L.H.-E.), and a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement Funds (W.M.). NR 59 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 32 U2 358 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 36 BP E2382 EP E2390 DI 10.1073/pnas.1210506109 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007TZ UT WOS:000308912600003 PM 22826254 ER PT J AU Farias, MEM Atkinson, CT LaPointe, DA Jarvi, SI AF Farias, Margaret E. M. Atkinson, Carter T. LaPointe, Dennis A. Jarvi, Susan I. TI Analysis of the trap gene provides evidence for the role of elevation and vector abundance in the genetic diversity of Plasmodium relictum in Hawaii SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium relictum; trap; SNP; Amakihi; Diversity; Hawaiian honeycreepers; Mosquitoes ID ADHESIVE PROTEIN GENE; AVIAN MALARIA; BIRDS; HONEYCREEPERS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; IMPACTS AB Background: The avian disease system in Hawaii offers an ideal opportunity to investigate host-pathogen interactions in a natural setting. Previous studies have recognized only a single mitochondrial lineage of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) in the Hawaiian Islands, but cloning and sequencing of nuclear genes suggest a higher degree of genetic diversity. Methods: In order to evaluate genetic diversity of P. relictum at the population level and further understand host-parasite interactions, a modified single-base extension (SBE) method was used to explore spatial and temporal distribution patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) gene of P. relictum infections from 121 hatch-year amakihi (Hemignathus virens) on the east side of Hawaii Island. Results: Rare alleles and mixed infections were documented at three of eight SNP loci; this is the first documentation of genetically diverse infections of P. relictum at the population level in Hawaii. Logistic regression revealed that the likelihood of infection with a rare allele increased at low-elevation, but decreased as mosquito capture rates increased. The inverse relationship between vector capture rates and probability of infection with a rare allele is unexpected given current theories of epidemiology developed in human malarias. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that pathogen diversity in Hawaii may be driven by a complex interaction of factors including transmission rates, host immune pressures, and parasite-parasite competition. C1 [Farias, Margaret E. M.; Jarvi, Susan I.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Atkinson, Carter T.; LaPointe, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Jarvi, SI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jarvi@hawaii.edu OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU NSF DEB [0083944]; NSF Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Hawaii; NIH Research Infrastructure for Minority Institutions (RIMI); University of Hawaii Research Council; NIH/NCRR IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) [P20RR016467]; National Center for Research Resources from the National Institutes of Health [5P20RR016467-11]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103466-11]; National Park Service, Natural Resource Protection Program (NRPP); U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program FX Funding for this project was provided in large part by Biocomplexity of Introduced Avian Diseases in Hawaii: Threats to Biodiversity of Native Forest Ecosystems, NSF DEB 0083944. Additional funding and support was provided by NSF Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Hawaii, NIH Research Infrastructure for Minority Institutions (RIMI), the University of Hawaii Research Council, NIH/NCRR IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) P20RR016467, as well as grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016467-11) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103466-11) from the National Institutes of Health, the National Park Service, Natural Resource Protection Program (NRPP) and the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program. We thank Julie Lease, Matt Reiter, and Becky Imdieke (Ainahou Ranch) and Pat Hart, Bethany Woodworth, Erik Tweed, Carlie Henneman, Jaymi LeBrun, Tami Denette and field interns of the Biocomplexity of Avian Diseases Project (all other sites) for collecting and providing blood specimens of wild amakihi. We also thank Christopher Czerwonka, Julie Lease and Dennis Triglia for technical assistance in the laboratory and Kevin Brinck, Kenneth Gerow and Michael Samuel for statistical assistance. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD SEP 3 PY 2012 VL 11 AR 305 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-11-305 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 033IF UT WOS:000310786900001 PM 22943788 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Pilliod, DS Graham, RT Lentile, LB Sandquist, JE AF Jain, Theresa B. Pilliod, David S. Graham, Russell T. Lentile, Leigh B. Sandquist, Jonathan E. TI Index for Characterizing Post-Fire Soil Environments in Temperate Coniferous Forests SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE fire effects; fire severity; soil burn severity; post-fire soil productivity; post-fire microbes; post-fire niche ID FIRE SEVERITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BURN SEVERITY; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; WATER REPELLENCY; WILDFIRE; VEGETATION; NITROGEN AB Many scientists and managers have an interest in describing the environment following a fire to understand the effects on soil productivity, vegetation growth, and wildlife habitat, but little research has focused on the scientific rationale for classifying the post-fire environment. We developed an empirically-grounded soil post-fire index (PFI) based on available science and ecological thresholds. Using over 50 literature sources, we identified a minimum of five broad categories of post-fire outcomes: (a) unburned, (b) abundant surface organic matter (>85% surface organic matter), (c) moderate amount of surface organic matter (>= 40 through 85%), (d) small amounts of surface organic matter (<40%), and (e) absence of surface organic matter (no organic matter left). We then subdivided each broad category on the basis of post-fire mineral soil colors providing a more fine-tuned post-fire soil index. We related each PFI category to characteristics such as soil temperature and duration of heating during fire, and physical, chemical, and biological responses. Classifying or describing post-fire soil conditions consistently will improve interpretations of fire effects research and facilitate communication of potential responses or outcomes (e.g., erosion potential) from fires of varying severities. C1 [Jain, Theresa B.; Graham, Russell T.; Sandquist, Jonathan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Lentile, Leigh B.] Univ South, Dept Forestry & Geol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us; dpilliod@usgs.gov; rtgraham@fs.fed.us; lblentil@sewanee.edu; jsandquist@fs.fed.us OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU National Fire Plan Funding through the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX The authors thank Michael Ryan, Robert Keane, Kathleen Dwire, and Kristen Meyer, who gave their time and provided invaluable comments during the preparation of the manuscript. In addition, we thank the many people who provided their ideas, comments, and concerns during the process of developing the indices, resulting in considerable thought and discussion which led to the PFIs we present. Most importantly we thank the referees for their thoughtful and thorough reviews. The funding from this work was provided by National Fire Plan Funding and was distributed through the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 99 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 445 EP 466 DI 10.3390/f3030445 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096OX UT WOS:000315415200001 ER PT J AU Malakauskas, DM Wilzbach, MA AF Malakauskas, David M. Wilzbach, Margaret A. TI Invertebrate assemblages in the lower Klamath River, with reference to Manayunkia speciosa SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE Ceratomyxa shasta; filtering collector; FPOM; functional feeding groups; Iron Gate Dam; Klamath River; Manayunkia speciosa; marine relict; polychaete; salmon disease ID NORTH-AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION; FRESH-WATER POLYCHAETE; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; LIFE-CYCLE; STREAM; SABELLIDAE; PARASITE; ANNELIDA; SALMON AB The freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa Leidy (Canalipalpata: Sabellidae), is the intermediate host for two myxozoan pathogens (Ceratomyxa shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis) that cause substantial mortalities of juvenile salmon in the Pacific Northwest, particularly in the Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam in California. Information on the distribution of M. speciosa in the Klamath River may facilitate targeted control of polychaete populations to disrupt the parasites that affect fish populations. We sampled invertebrate assemblages in the lower Klamath River in the summer and fall of 2005 and 2006 to estimate distribution patterns of M. speciosa and to characterize assemblage structure of invertebrates in reaches where the polychaete was both collected and not collected. The polychaete was most often found in a reach of river extending 100 km downstream from the Shasta River (river km 185-287). The reach in which it was found supported high taxonomic richness of invertebrates and a high abundance of filtering collectors including marine relicts such as sponges, unionid mussels, and bryozoans. We suggest that the large, stable substrate on which these were found represents primary, optimal habitat for the polychaete, also a marine relict. Reaches above and below the zone where we collected polychaetes showed a general trend of reduced taxonomic richness as distance away from the polychaete zone increased, and also showed differing relative abundances of non-insect taxa and functional feeding groups. Differences in invertebrate assemblages between years were coincident with large differences in water flows. We suggest flows and food resources may play important roles in invertebrate distribution patterns. C1 [Malakauskas, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wilzbach, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM wilzbach@humboldt.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [RWO 77] FX We thank S. Willson, K. Cummins, P. Cummins, W. Duffy, M. Yost, and M. Meaders for assistance in the field or lab. We also thank D. Schloesser for his review of an early draft of this manuscript and E. Schools for making the sample location map. This work was funded by RWO 77 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2012 VL 98 IS 4 BP 214 EP 235 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 094FP UT WOS:000315248700004 ER PT J AU Breyer, KE Getchell, R Groocock, G Coffee, L Wooster, G Ketola, H Bowser, PR AF Breyer, K. E. Getchell, R. Groocock, G. Coffee, L. Wooster, G. Ketola, H. Bowser, P. R. TI Efficacy of a Low-Dose Garlic Compound (Allicin) against Infection with Aeromonas hydrophila SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Breyer, K. E.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Anim Resources & Educ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Breyer, K. E.; Getchell, R.; Groocock, G.; Coffee, L.; Wooster, G.; Bowser, P. R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ketola, H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 BP 696 EP 696 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 067NV UT WOS:000313303300277 ER PT J AU Hubbard, KA Chalfoun, AD AF Hubbard, Kaylan A. Chalfoun, Anna D. TI AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL SCAVENGER EFFECTS ON SNAKE ROAD MORTALITY DETECTIONS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE driving surveys; experiment; reptiles; road mortality; road type; scavengers; simulated carcass; snakes ID AMPHIBIANS; HIGHWAYS; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; REPTILES; ARIZONA; RAPTORS AB As road networks expand and collisions between vehicles and wildlife become more common, accurately quantifying mortality rates for the taxa that are most impacted will be critical. Snakes are especially vulnerable to collisions with vehicles because of their physiology and behavior. Reptile road mortality is typically quantified using driving or walking surveys; however, scavengers can rapidly remove carcasses from the road and cause underestimation of mortality. Our objective was to determine the effect that scavengers might have had on our ability to accurately detect reptile road mortality during over 150 h and 4,000 km of driving surveys through arid shrublands in southwest Wyoming, which resulted in only two observations of mortality. We developed unique simulated snake carcasses out of Burbot (Lota lota), a locally invasive fish species, and examined removal rates across three different road types at three study sites. Carcass size was not a significant predictor of time of removal, and carcass removal was comparable during the daytime and nighttime hours. However, removal of simulated carcasses was higher on paved roads than unpaved or two-track roads at all study sites, with an average of 75% of the carcasses missing within 60 h compared to 34% and 31%, respectively. Scavengers may therefore negatively impact the ability of researchers to accurately detect herpetofaunal road mortality, especially for paved roads where road mortality is likely the most prevalent. C1 [Hubbard, Kaylan A.; Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubbard, KA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM achalfou@uwyo.edu FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX This project was generously funded by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. We thank Jeffrey Beck, Kevin Gelwicks, Kenneth Gerow, Wayne Hubert, Robert Keith, Charlotte Matthews, Zack Walker, David Zafft, and Mark Zornes for their valuable ideas and involvement. The Green River Fisheries Management crew provided the Burbot used in this experiment. We thank the Green River office of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for use of their facilities in processing and storing the simulated carcasses. Amanda Larson and Alison Shaver of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit provided essential logistical support. We also thank our 2010 field technicians for their involvement and hard work in all stages of the experiment. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 150 EP 156 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 061MR UT WOS:000312852800007 ER PT J AU Roth, JL Capel, PD AF Roth, J. L. Capel, P. D. TI THE HYDROLOGY OF A DRAINED TOPOGRAPHICAL DEPRESSION WITHIN AN AGRICULTURAL FIELD IN NORTH-CENTRAL IOWA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural runoff; Drainage; Drainage systems; Drainage water; Drains; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrology; Infiltration; Surface drainage ID PRAIRIE POTHOLES; WETLANDS; LANDSCAPE AB North-central Iowa is an agriculturally intensive area comprising the southeastern portion of the Prairie Pothole Region, a landscape containing a high density of enclosed topographical depressions. Artificial drainage practices have been implemented throughout the area to facilitate agricultural production. Vertical surface drains are utilized to drain the topographical depressions that accumulate water This study focuses on the hydrology of a drained topographical depression located in a 39.5 ha agricultural field. To assess the hydrology of the drained depression, a water balance was constructed for 11 ponding events during the 2008 growing season. Continuous pond and groundwater level data were obtained with pressure transducers. Flows into the vertical surface drain were calculated based on pond depth. Precipitation inflows and evaporative outflows of the ponds were calculated using climatic data. Groundwater levels were used to assess groundwater/pond interactions. Results of the water balances show distinct differences between the inflows to and outflows from the depression based on antecedent conditions. In wet conditions, groundwater inflow sustained the ponds. The ponds receded only after the groundwater level declined to below the land surface. In drier conditions, groundwater was not a source of water to the depression. During these drier conditions, infiltration comprised 30% of the outflows from the depression during declining pond stages. Over the entire study period, the surface drain, delivering water to the stream, was the largest outflow from the pond, accounting for 97% of the oufflow, while evapotranspiration was just 2%. Precipitation onto the pond surface proved to be a minor component, accounting for 4% of the total inflows. C1 [Roth, J. L.; Capel, P. D.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Roth, J. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Capel, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM capel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The authors thank Grant Oskvig, the land manager of the research site, for permission and cooperation in this research. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1801 EP 1814 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100016 ER PT J AU Thomas, LK Widdowson, MA Novak, JT Chapelle, FH Benner, R Kaiser, K AF Thomas, Lashun K. Widdowson, Mark A. Novak, John T. Chapelle, Francis H. Benner, Ronald Kaiser, Karl TI Potentially Bioavailable Natural Organic Carbon and Hydrolyzable Amino Acids in Aquifer Sediments SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID INDICATORS; WATER AB This study evaluated the relationship between concentrations of operationally defined potentially bioavailable organic -carbon (PBOC) and hydrolyzable amino acids (HAAs) in sediments collected from a diverse range of chloroethene--contaminated sites. Concentrations of PBOC and HAA were measured using aquifer sediment samples collected at six selected study sites. Average concentrations of total HAA and PBOC ranged from 1.96 +/- 1.53 to 20.1 +/- 25.6 mg/kg and 4.72 +/- 0.72 to 443 +/- 65.4 mg/kg, respectively. Results demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between concentrations of PBOC and total HAA present in the aquifer sediment (p < 0.05). Higher levels of HAA were consistently observed at sites with greater levels of PBOC and first-order decay rates. Because amino acids are known to be readily biodegradable carbon compounds, this relationship suggests that the sequential chemical extraction procedure used to measure PBOC is a useful indicator of bioavailable carbon in aquifer sediments. This, in turn, is consistent with the interpretation that PBOC measurements can be used for estimating the amount of natural organic carbon available for driving the reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes in groundwater systems. C1 [Thomas, Lashun K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Widdowson, Mark A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Benner, Ronald; Kaiser, Karl] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Benner, Ronald; Kaiser, Karl] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Thomas, LK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM lkthom02@syr.edu RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015 OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01406.x PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 041EZ UT WOS:000311381600023 ER PT J AU Leifer, I Lehr, WJ Simecek-Beatty, D Bradley, E Clark, R Dennison, P Hu, YX Matheson, S Jones, CE Holt, B Reif, M Roberts, DA Svejkovsky, J Swayze, G Wozencraft, J AF Leifer, Ira Lehr, William J. Simecek-Beatty, Debra Bradley, Eliza Clark, Roger Dennison, Philip Hu, Yongxiang Matheson, Scott Jones, Cathleen E. Holt, Benjamin Reif, Molly Roberts, Dar A. Svejkovsky, Jan Swayze, Gregg Wozencraft, Jennifer TI State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Oil spill; Deepwater Horizon; Remote sensing; Lidar; Near infrared; Thermal infrared; Satellite; Airborne remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; MODIS; Hyperspectral; Multispectral; Expert system; False positives; Technology readiness; Operational readiness; Visible spectrum; Oil water emulsions; Spill response; AVIRIS; Synthetic aperture radar; UAVSAR; Fire; CALIPSO; Oil slick thickness; Laser fluorescence ID APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; SURFACE-FILMS; SEA-SURFACE; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; PERSIAN-GULF; SAR IMAGES; SLICKS; ALGORITHM; CALIFORNIA; KUWAIT AB The vast and persistent Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill challenged response capabilities, which required accurate, quantitative oil assessment at synoptic and operational scales. Although experienced observers are a spill response's mainstay, few trained observers and confounding factors including weather, oil emulsification, and scene illumination geometry present challenges. DWH spill and impact monitoring was aided by extensive airborne and spaceborne passive and active remote sensing. Oil slick thickness and oil-to-water emulsion ratios are key spill response parameters for containment/cleanup and were derived quantitatively for thick (>0.1 mm) slicks from AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) data using a spectral library approach based on the shape and depth of near infrared spectral absorption features. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite, visible-spectrum broadband data of surface-slick modulation of sunglint reflection allowed extrapolation to the total slick. A multispectral expert system used a neural network approach to provide Rapid Response thickness class maps. Airborne and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides synoptic data under all-sky conditions; however. SAR generally cannot discriminate thick (> 100 mu m) oil slicks from thin sheens (to 0.1 mu m). The UAVSAR's (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR) significantly greater signal-to-noise ratio and finer spatial resolution allowed successful pattern discrimination related to a combination of oil slick thickness, fractional Surface coverage, and emulsification. In situ burning and smoke plumes were studied with AVIRIS and corroborated spaceborne CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) observations of combustion aerosols. CALIPSO and bathymetry lidar data documented shallow subsurface oil, although ancillary data were required for confirmation. Airborne hyperspectral, thermal infrared data have nighttime and overcast collection advantages and were collected as well as MODIS thermal data. However, interpretation challenges and a lack of Rapid Response Products prevented significant use. Rapid Response Products were key to response utilization data needs are time critical; thus, a high technological readiness level is critical to operational use of remote sensing products. DWH's experience demonstrated that development and operationalization of new spill response remote sensing tools must precede the next major oil spill. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Leifer, Ira] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lehr, William J.; Simecek-Beatty, Debra] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. [Bradley, Eliza; Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Clark, Roger; Swayze, Gregg] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dennison, Philip; Matheson, Scott] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Dennison, Philip; Matheson, Scott] Univ Utah, Ctr Nat & Technol Hazards, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.; Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Reif, Molly; Wozencraft, Jennifer] USA, Corp Engineers, Kiln, MS USA. [Svejkovsky, Jan] Ocean Imaging Corp, Solana Beach, CA USA. RP Leifer, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Ira.Leifer@bubbleology.com RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; OI Leifer, Ira/0000-0002-4674-5775; Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU NASA; NOAA; NSF; USGS; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) [M07PC13205] FX We thank the important role and support of NASA, NOAA, NSF, and USGS in the development of these technologies. Some of the research described herein was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Development of the multispectral rapid response thickness sensor by Ocean Imaging was supported by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) under contract M07PC13205. NSF support enabled the SEBASS data collection. The efforts of Susan Ustin (UC Davis) and Raymond Kokaly (USGS) for ecosystem data collection and analysis and David Tratt for editing are thanked. NR 129 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 14 U2 218 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 185 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700016 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JJ Glenn, NF Sankey, TT Derryberry, DR Germino, MJ AF Mitchell, Jessica J. Glenn, Nancy F. Sankey, Temuulen T. Derryberry, DeWayne R. Germino, Matthew J. TI Remote sensing of sagebrush canopy nitrogen SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; hyperspectral; continuum removal; derivative analysis; sagebrush ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; FOREST CANOPY; AVIRIS DATA; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION FEATURES; OREGON TRANSECT; NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION; CHEMISTRY; FOLIAGE AB This paper presents a combination of techniques suitable for remotely sensing foliar Nitrogen (N) in semiarid shrublands - a capability that would significantly improve our limited understanding of vegetation functionality in dryland ecosystems. The ability to estimate foliar N distributions across arid and semi-arid environments could help answer process-driven questions related to topics such as controls on canopy photosynthesis, the influence of N on carbon cycling behavior, nutrient pulse dynamics, and post-fire recovery. Our study determined that further exploration into estimating sagebrush canopy N concentrations from an airborne platform is warranted, despite remote sensing challenges inherent to open canopy systems. Hyperspectral data transformed using standard derivative analysis were capable of quantifying sagebrush canopy N concentrations using partial least squares (PLS) regression with an R-2 value of 0.72 and an R-2 predicted value of 0.42 (n = 35). Subsetting the dataset to minimize the influence of bare ground (n = 19) increased R-2 to 0.95 (R-2 predicted = 0.56). Ground-based estimates of canopy N using leaf mass per unit area measurements (LMA) yielded consistently better model fits than ground-based estimates of canopy N using cover and height measurements. The LMA approach is likely a method that could be extended to other semiarid shrublands. Overall, the results of this study are encouraging for future landscape scale N estimates and represent an important step in addressing the confounding influence of bare ground, which we found to be a major influence on predictions of sagebrush canopy N from an airborne platform. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitchell, Jessica J.; Glenn, Nancy F.; Sankey, Temuulen T.] Idaho State Univ, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Derryberry, DeWayne R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Math, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Mitchell, JJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Dept Geosci, 322 Front St,Suite 240, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM mitcjess@isu.edu RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014 OI Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654 FU Idaho Space Grant Consortium; NOAA OAR ESRL Physical Sciences Division [NA06OAR4600124]; NSF Idaho EPSCOR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387] FX This study was supported by grants from the Idaho Space Grant Consortium, NOAA OAR ESRL Physical Sciences Division Grant # NA06OAR4600124, NSF Idaho EPSCOR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. Research was also made possible through coordination and facilitation of access on the part of Matthew Anderson (Idaho National Lab) and Roger Blew (S. M. Stoller Corporation); through the use of Matt Germino's plant ecology lab, and through the field assistance provided by Carol Moore. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700018 ER PT J AU McCullough, IM Loftin, CS Sader, SA AF McCullough, Ian M. Loftin, Cynthia S. Sader, Steven A. TI High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Satellite imagery; Water quality; Maine; New England; Assessment tool ID WATER CLARITY AB Satellite-based remote monitoring programs of regional lake water quality largely have relied on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) owing to its long image archive, moderate spatial resolution (30 m), and wide sensitivity in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, despite some notable limitations such as temporal resolution (i.e., 16 days), data pre-processing requirements to improve data quality, and aging satellites. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on Aqua/Terra platforms compensate for these shortcomings, although at the expense of spatial resolution. We developed and evaluated a remote monitoring protocol for water clarity of large lakes using MODIS 500 m data and compared MODIS utility to Landsat-based methods. MODIS images captured during May-September 2001, 2004 and 2010 were analyzed with linear regression to identify the relationship between lake water clarity and satellite-measured surface reflectance. Correlations were strong (R-2 = 0.72-0.94) throughout the study period; however, they were the most consistent in August, reflecting seasonally unstable lake conditions and inter-annual differences in algal productivity during the other months. The utility of MODIS data in remote water quality estimation lies in intra-annual monitoring of lake water clarity in inaccessible, large lakes, whereas Landsat is more appropriate for inter-annual, regional trend analyses of lakes >= 8 ha. Model accuracy is improved when ancillary variables are included to reflect seasonal lake dynamics and weather patterns that influence lake clarity. The identification of landscape-scale drivers of regional water quality is a useful way to supplement satellite-based remote monitoring programs relying on spectral data alone. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McCullough, Ian M.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sader, Steven A.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP McCullough, IM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ian.mccullough@maine.edu FU University of Maine; United States Geological Survey (USGS) Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP) FX This study was made possible through financial support from the University of Maine, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP). Bathymetric and spatial watershed data were provided by MDEP. Other spatial data were provided by the Maine Office of GIS. Remote lake clarity estimation depends on data collected by citizen scientists; secchi data used in this study were collected by the Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program in conjunction with MDEP. Comments provided by Dr. Aram Calhoun, Dr. William Halteman and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700020 ER PT J AU Zhao, CY Lu, Z Zhang, Q de la Fuente, J AF Zhao, Chaoying Lu, Zhong Zhang, Qin de la Fuente, Juan TI Large-area landslide detection and monitoring with ALOS/PALSAR imagery data over Northern California and Southern Oregon, USA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Monitoring; Detection; ALOS/PALSAR; Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Interferometric SAR (InSAR) ID SAR INTERFEROMETRY; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; DEFORMATION; SURFACE; HAZARD; SET AB Multi-temporal ALOS/PALSAR images are used to automatically investigate landslide activity over an area of similar to 200 km by similar to 350 km in northern California and southern Oregon. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation images, InSAR coherence maps, SAR backscattering intensity images, and a DEM gradient map are combined to detect active landslides by setting individual thresholds. More than 50 active landslides covering a total of about 40 km(2) area are detected. Then the short baseline subsets (SBAS) InSAR method is applied to retrieve time-series deformation patterns of individual detected landslides. Down-slope landslide motions observed from adjacent satellite tracks with slightly different radar look angles are used to verify InSAR results and measurement accuracy. Comparison of the landslide motion with the precipitation record suggests that the landslide deformation correlates with the rainfall rate, with a lag time of around 1-2 months between the precipitation peak and the maximum landslide displacement. The results will provide new insights into landslide mechanisms in the Pacific Northwest, and facilitate development of early warning systems for landslides under abnormal rainfall conditions. Additionally, this method will allow identification of active landslides in broad areas of the Pacific Northwest in an efficient and systematic manner, including remote and heavily vegetated areas difficult to inventory by traditional methods. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Zhao, Chaoying; Zhang, Qin] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chaoying; Zhang, Qin] Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Mineral Resources & Geol E, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [de la Fuente, Juan] US Forest Serv, Yreka, CA 96067 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM lu@usgs.gov RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 FU China Scholarship Council; Cascades Volcano Observatory; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41072266]; Ministry of Land & Resources, China [1212011220186, 121201122014]; USGS Volcano Hazards Program FX The first author would like to thank China Scholarship Council for funding his one-year postdoctoral research at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Cascades Volcano Observatory. ALOS/PALSAR data are copyrighted JAXA/METI and provided by Alaska Satellite Facility through the ALOS Data Consortium. The meteorological data of Zenia station are provided from the website of http://cdec.water.ca. gov/cgi-progs/staMeta?station_id=ZEN. This research is funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No: 41072266), the Ministry of Land & Resources, China (Nos: 1212011220186 and 121201122014), and USGS Volcano Hazards Program. We thank Hyung-Sup Jung and Chang-Wook Lee for sharing their SBAS codes. Constructive comments from USGS technical reviewer, Tom Pierson, and three anonymous reviewers have improved the manuscript. NR 45 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 11 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700030 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Grauch, RI Mazdab, FK Kwak, L Fanning, CM Kamo, SL AF Aleinikoff, John N. Grauch, Richard I. Mazdab, Frank K. Kwak, Loretta Fanning, C. Mark Kamo, Sandra L. TI ORIGIN OF AN UNUSUAL MONAZITE-XENOTIME GNEISS, HUDSON HIGHLANDS, NEW YORK: SHRIMP U-Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY AND TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Monazite; xenotime; zircon; U-Pb; Hudson Highlands ID AIR-ABRASION TECHNIQUE; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ACCESSORY MINERALS; ION MICROPROBE; ZIRCON; ROCKS; EVOLUTION; ISOTOPE; DEPOSITS AB A pod of monazite-xenotime gneiss (MXG) occurs within Mesoproterozoic paragneiss, Hudson Highlands, New York. This outcrop also contains granite of the Crystal Lake pluton, which migmatized the paragneiss. Previously, monazite, xenotime, and zircon from MXG, plus detrital zircon from the paragneiss, and igneous zircon from the granite, were dated using multi-grain thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). New SEM imagery of dated samples reveals that all minerals contain cores and rims. Thus TIMS analyses comprise mixtures of age components and are geologically meaningless. New spot analyses by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) of small homogeneous areas on individual grains allows deconvolution of ages within complexly zoned grains. Xenotime cores from MXG formed during two episodes (1034 +/- 10 and 1014 +/- 3 Ma), whereas three episodes of rim formation are recorded (999 +/- 7, 961 +/- 11, and 874 +/- 11 Ma). Monazite cores from MXG mostly formed at 1004 +/- 4 Ma; rims formed at 994 +/- 4, 913 +/- 7, and 890 +/- 7 Ma. Zircon from MXG is composed of oscillatory-zoned detrital cores (2000-1170 Ma), plus metamorphic rims (1008 +/- 7, 985 +/- 5, and similar to 950 Ma). In addition, MXG contains an unusual zircon population composed of irregularly-zoned elongate cores dated at 1036 +/- 5 Ma, considered to be the time of formation of MXG. The time of granite emplacement is dated by oscillatory-zoned igneous cores at 1058 +/- 4 Ma, which provides a minimum age constraint for the time of deposition of the paragneiss. Selected trace elements, including all REE plus U and Th, provide geochemical evidence for the origin of MXG. MREE-enriched xenotime from MXG are dissimilar from typical HREE-enriched patterns of igneous xenotime. The presence of large negative Eu anomalies and high U and Th in monazite and xenotime are uncharacteristic of typical ore-forming hydrothermal processes. We conclude that MXG is the result of unusual metasomatic processes during high grade metamorphism that was initiated at about 1035 Ma. This rock was then subjected to repeated episodes of dissolution/reprecipitation for about 150 m.y. during regional cooling of the Hudson Highlands. C1 [Aleinikoff, John N.; Grauch, Richard I.; Kwak, Loretta] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Kamo, Sandra L.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 312 IS 7 BP 723 EP 765 DI 10.2475/07.2012.02 PG 43 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024PF UT WOS:000310120400002 ER EF