FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lauenroth, WK Schlaepfer, DR Bradford, JB AF Lauenroth, W. K. Schlaepfer, D. R. Bradford, J. B. TI Ecohydrology of Dry Regions: Storage versus Pulse Soil Water Dynamics SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE semiarid; water balance; grassland; shrubland; storage; pulse ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; PRECIPITATION PULSES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SAGEBRUSH; MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Although arid and semiarid regions are defined by low precipitation, the seasonal timing of temperature and precipitation can influence net primary production and plant functional type composition. The importance of precipitation seasonality is evident in semiarid areas of the western U.S., which comprise the Intermountain (IM) zone, a region that receives important winter precipitation and is dominated by woody plants and the Great Plains (GP), a region that receives primarily summer precipitation and is dominated by perennial grasses. Although these general relationships are well recognized, specific differences in water cycling between these regions have not been well characterized. We used a daily time step soil water simulation model and twenty sites from each region to analyze differences in soil water dynamics and ecosystem water balance. IM soil water patterns are characterized by storage of water during fall, winter, and spring resulting in relatively reliable available water during spring and early summer, particularly in deep soil layers. By contrast, GP soil water patterns are driven by pulse precipitation events during the warm season, resulting in fluctuating water availability in all soil layers. These contrasting patterns of soil water-storage versus pulse dynamics-explain important differences between the two regions. Notably, the storage dynamics of the IN sites increases water availability in deep soil layers, favoring the deeper rooted woody plants in that region, whereas the pulse dynamics of the Great Plains sites provide water primarily in surface layers, favoring the shallow-rooted grasses in that region. In addition, because water received when plants are either not active or only partially so is more vulnerable to evaporation and sublimation than water delivered during the growing season, IM ecosystems use a smaller fraction of precipitation for transpiration (47%) than GP ecosystems (49%). Recognizing the pulse-storage dichotomy in soil water regimes between the IM and GP regions may be useful for understanding the potential influence of climate changes on soil water patterns and resulting dominant plant functional groups in both regions. C1 [Lauenroth, W. K.; Schlaepfer, D. R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Bradford, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lauenroth, WK (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM wlauenro@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009 OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU University of Wyoming; USDA Forest Service; US Department of Interior Geologic Survey FX We thank Kyle Taylor for assistance with the maximum likelihood analysis. The work was made possible by funding from the University of Wyoming, the USDA Forest Service, and the US Department of Interior Geologic Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2014 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1479 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9808-y PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7SP UT WOS:000345137900012 ER PT J AU Omernik, JM Griffith, GE AF Omernik, James M. Griffith, Glenn E. TI Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States: Evolution of a Hierarchical Spatial Framework SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecoregions; Spatial frameworks; Ecosystem management; Regionalization; United States; North America ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; USA; ECOREGIONALIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVES; DELINEATION AB A map of ecological regions of the conterminous United States, first published in 1987, has been greatly refined and expanded into a hierarchical spatial framework in response to user needs, particularly by state resource management agencies. In collaboration with scientists and resource managers from numerous agencies and institutions in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, the framework has been expanded to cover North America, and the original ecoregions (now termed Level III) have been refined, subdivided, and aggregated to identify coarser as well as more detailed spatial units. The most generalized units (Level I) define 10 ecoregions in the conterminous U.S., while the finest-scale units (Level IV) identify 967 ecoregions. In this paper, we explain the logic underpinning the approach, discuss the evolution of the regional mapping process, and provide examples of how the ecoregions were distinguished at each hierarchical level. The variety of applications of the ecoregion framework illustrates its utility in resource assessment and management. C1 [Omernik, James M.; Griffith, Glenn E.] US EPA, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Griffith, GE (reprint author), US EPA, US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM omernik.james@epa.gov; ggriffith@usgs.gov NR 112 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1266 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0364-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7EN UT WOS:000345099900002 PM 25223620 ER PT J AU Spears, BL Isanhart, J AF Spears, Brian Lee Isanhart, John TI POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS IN BALD (HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS) AND GOLDEN (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) EAGLES FROM WASHINGTON AND IDAHO, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bald eagle; Contaminants of emerging concern; Food chain; Golden eagle; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; FALCO-PEREGRINUS EGGS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATERNAL TRANSFER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PBDE; BIRDS; PREY; CONTAMINATION AB Little is known about the exposure and accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the 2 species of eagles inhabiting North America. The authors analyzed the livers of 33 bald eagles and 7 golden eagles collected throughout Washington and Idaho, USA, for 51 PBDE congeners. Total PBDEs ranged from 2.4ng/g to 9920ng/g wet weight. Bald eagles and eagles associated with large urban areas had the highest PBDE concentrations; golden eagles and eagles from more sparsely populated areas had the lowest concentrations. Congener patterns in the present study (brominated diphenyl ether [BDE]-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154 dominating concentrations) were similar to those reported for other bird species, especially raptors. However, the authors also found elevated contributions of BDE-209 in golden eagles and BDE-77 in both species. Patterns in bald eagle samples reflected those in fillets of fish collected from the same general locations throughout Washington, suggesting local exposure to runoff-based contamination, whereas patterns in golden eagle samples suggest a difference in food chain uptake facilitated by atmospheric transport and deposition of BDE-209 and its degradation products into the terrestrial system. Data from the present study represent some of the first reported on burdens of PBDEs in juvenile and adult eagles from North America. The high PBDE liver concentrations associated with large metropolitan areas and accumulation of deca-BDE congeners are a cause for concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2795-2801. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Spears, Brian Lee] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairhope, AL 36533 USA. [Isanhart, John] US Dept Interior, Denver, CO USA. RP Spears, BL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairhope, AL 36533 USA. EM brian_spears@fws.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2795 EP 2801 DI 10.1002/etc.2742 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AU0NE UT WOS:000345319100019 PM 25367115 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Tanner, T AF Sethi, S. A. Tanner, T. TI Spawning distribution and abundance of a northern Chinook salmon population SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; fish movement; fisheries management; mark-recapture; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; run timing ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RIVER; FISHERIES; WINBUGS AB Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), is an important biological and cultural resource in Alaska, but knowledge about Chinook salmon ecology is limited in many regions. From 2009 to 2012, spawning distribution and abundance of a northern Chinook salmon population on the Togiak River in south-west Alaska were assessed. Chinook salmon preferred deeper mainstem channel spawning habitat, with 12% (14 of 118 tags in 2009) to 21% (22 of 106 tags in 2012) of radio-tagged fish spawning in smaller order tributaries. Tributary spawners tended to have earlier run timing than mainstem spawners. Chinook salmon exhibited extended holding and backout (entering freshwater but returning to saltwater before completing anadromous migration) behaviours near the mouth of Togiak River, potentially prolonging their exposure to fishery harvest. Mark-recapture total annual run estimates (2010-2012) ranged from 11240 (2011) to 18299 (2012) fish. Exploitation of Chinook salmon ranged from 36% (2012) to 55% (2011) during the study period, with incidental fishery catches near the mouth of the river comprising the largest source of harvest. C1 [Sethi, S. A.; Tanner, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM suresh_sethi@fws.gov FU Togiak Village Council FX C. Anderson (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) was instrumental in designing and implementing the initial years of the Togiak project. We thank USFWS and Bristol Bay Native Association staff, technicians and volunteers who assisted with field work. Additional logistical support was provided by the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge and ADFG. We are grateful to the Togiak Village Council and Togiak Village residents for their support of this project, and to the Togiak River sport fish guides and the local commercial fisheries operators and processors for field assistance. We thank the reviewers and editorial staff at FME, and K. Gates and D. McBride (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for comments which improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1111/fme.12091 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU0MU UT WOS:000345318000001 ER PT J AU Chizinski, CJ Martin, DR Pope, KL AF Chizinski, C. J. Martin, D. R. Pope, K. L. TI Self-confidence of anglers in identification of freshwater sport fish SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angler skill; education; fish identification ID LIKERT SCALES; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; SKILLS; TROUT AB Although several studies have focused on how well anglers identify species using replicas and pictures, there has been no study assessing the confidence that can be placed in angler's ability to identify recreationally important fish. Understanding factors associated with low self-confidence will be useful in tailoring education programmes to improve self-confidence in identifying common species. The purposes of this assessment were to quantify the confidence of recreational anglers to identify 13 commonly encountered warm water fish species and to relate self-confidence to species availability and angler experience. Significant variation was observed in anglers self-confidence among species and levels of self-declared skill, with greater confidence associated with greater skill and with greater exposure. This study of angler self-confidence strongly highlights the need for educational programmes that target lower skilled anglers and the importance of teaching all anglers about less common species, regardless of skill level. C1 [Chizinski, C. J.; Martin, D. R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cchizinski2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project [F-182-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Chris Dietrich, Michael Dedinsky, Cameron Depue, Dan Dobesh, Holly Evans, Amber Fandrich, Hannah Hummel, Carla Knight, Luke Kowalewski, Natalie Luben, Alexis Maple, Jean Paul Montes, Ashley Pella, Phil Stolberg and John Walrath for collection of field data, and Lindsey Chizinski and Dr. Keith Koupal for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-182-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1111/fme.12094 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU0MU UT WOS:000345318000003 ER PT J AU Richard, SK Chesnaux, R Rouleau, A Morin, R Walter, J Rafini, S AF Richard, Sandra K. Chesnaux, Romain Rouleau, Alain Morin, Roger Walter, Julien Rafini, Silvain TI Field evidence of hydraulic connections between bedrock aquifers and overlying granular aquifers: examples from the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic connections; Field techniques; Granular and bedrock aquifers; Canada; Contamination ID DEFECTIVE BOREHOLE SEALS AB Field evidence of hydraulic connections between a bedrock aquifer and an overlying granular aquifer in the Canadian Shield (Grenville Province) is presented. This issue is rarely considered and investigated despite its important hydraulic and chemical consequences and its widespread occurrence worldwide. The methodology employed is based on complementary field tests conducted at specific experimental sites instrumented both in the rock and in the overlying deposits. One of the bedrock sites revealed a natural hydraulic connection with the overlying granular aquifer caused by the weathered surface of the uppermost bedrock. Another site revealed an artificial hydraulic connection between the bedrock and the granular aquifer created by an improperly sealed casing. A regional study showed that hydraulic connections yield an erroneous interpretation of the true hydraulic properties of the tested aquifer. The detection of hydraulic connections is therefore essential to properly define well-capture areas and contamination conditions. It is recommended to practitioners that pumping tests be performed as well as hydrochemical comparisons of each existing aquifer unit. Falling-head permeability tests are also helpful in verifying the quality of the seal at the bedrock-casing contact. More effective procedural controls and better well-construction practices are necessary to reduce the risks of cross-contamination induced by defective seals. C1 [Richard, Sandra K.; Chesnaux, Romain; Rouleau, Alain; Walter, Julien; Rafini, Silvain] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, CERM, Saguenay, PQ, Canada. [Morin, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Richard, SK (reprint author), 555 Blvd Univ, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. EM sandra.richard2010@gmail.com FU Fondation de l'UQAC (FUQAC); Fonds de Recherche du Quebec sur la Nature et les Technologies (FRQNT); Programme d'Acquisition de Connaissances sur les Eaux Souterraines of Quebec (PACES) FX This project was funded by the Fondation de l'UQAC (FUQAC), the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec sur la Nature et les Technologies (FRQNT), and the Programme d'Acquisition de Connaissances sur les Eaux Souterraines of Quebec (PACES), with contribution from the Ministere du Developpement Durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs, UQAC, Ville de Saguenay and the four Municipalites Regionales de Comte of the SLSJ region. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions to this report from team members of the PACES project at UQAC. The authors also thank Mustafa Afsin, an anonymous reviewer, the editor and the associate editor for their comments and advice that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1889 EP 1904 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1183-4 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AU0AN UT WOS:000345285600012 ER PT J AU Tsukamoto, K Panei, CJ Shishido, M Noguchi, D Pearce, J Kang, HM Jeong, OM Lee, YJ Nakanishi, K Ashizawa, T AF Tsukamoto, Kenji Panei, Carlos Javier Shishido, Makiko Noguchi, Daigo Pearce, John Kang, Hyun-Mi Jeong, Ok Mi Lee, Youn-Jeong Nakanishi, Koji Ashizawa, Takayoshi TI SYBR Green-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Typing and Subtyping of All Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes of Avian Influenza Viruses and Comparison to Standard Serological Subtyping Tests (vol 50, pg 37, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Tsukamoto, Kenji; Panei, Carlos Javier; Shishido, Makiko; Noguchi, Daigo] Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Res Team Zoonot Dis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Pearce, John] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kang, Hyun-Mi; Jeong, Ok Mi; Lee, Youn-Jeong] Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Avian Dis Div, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea. [Nakanishi, Koji] Livestock Hyg Serv Ctr Shiga Prefecture, Omihachiman, Shiga, Japan. [Ashizawa, Takayoshi] Tyuou Livestock Hyg Serv Ctr Chiba Prefecture, Sakura, Chiba, Japan. RP Tsukamoto, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Res Team Zoonot Dis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 4453 EP 4453 DI 10.1128/JCM.02779-14 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AT9BM UT WOS:000345222900074 ER PT J AU Keesari, T Mohokar, HV Sahoo, BK Mallesh, G AF Keesari, Tirumalesh Mohokar, Hemant V. Sahoo, Bijay Kumar Mallesh, G. TI Assessment of environmental radioactive elements in groundwater in parts of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, South India using scintillation detection methods SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Nuclear Analytical Chemistry (NAC) CY JAN 20-24, 2014 CL Mumbai, INDIA SP BARC, Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Indian Assoc Nucl Chemists & Allied Scientists DE Uranium; Radon; Nalgonda; Inter-elemental correlations; Groundwater; Liquid scintillation ID URANIUM; RADON; WATER AB The objective of this work was to determine the radioactive element concentrations in groundwater in parts of the Nalgonda district. Results indicate that Rn-222 activity is present in significant levels in deep groundwater compared to shallow groundwater and tank water. An increasing Rn-222 activity trend is noticed along the well depth while electrical conductivity, uranium, and alkalinity levels showed inverse trends. Environmental tritium data indicates modern recharge to groundwater. Inter-elemental correlations suggest that high dissolved uranium is associated with high alkalinity and high electrical conductivity groundwater. The study also infers recharge sources and mechanisms to shallow and deep groundwater. C1 [Keesari, Tirumalesh; Mohokar, Hemant V.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Isotope Applicat & Radiopharmaceut Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Sahoo, Bijay Kumar] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Radiol Phys & Advisory Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Mallesh, G.] DHAN Fdn, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Keesari, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tiruh2o@gmail.com NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 302 IS 3 BP 1391 EP 1398 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3566-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AT7AQ UT WOS:000345088700046 ER PT J AU Warner, JC List, JH Schwab, WC Voulgaris, G Armstrong, B Marshall, N AF Warner, John C. List, Jeffrey H. Schwab, William C. Voulgaris, George Armstrong, Brandy Marshall, Nicole TI Inner-shelf circulation and sediment dynamics on a series of shoreface-connected ridges offshore of Fire Island, NY SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Shoreface-connected ridges; Sediment transport; Fire Island, NY; Storm fronts; Oceanographic observations; Numerical modeling ID SAND RIDGES; MODELING-SYSTEM; NEW-YORK; MECHANISM; CURRENTS AB Locations along the inner-continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, NY, are characterized by a series of shoreface-connected ridges (SFCRs). These sand ridges have approximate dimensions of 10 km in length, 3 km spacing, and up to similar to 8 m ridge to trough relief and are oriented obliquely at approximately 30 degrees clockwise from the coastline. Stability analysis from previous studies explains how sand ridges such as these could be formed and maintained by storm-driven flows directed alongshore with a key maintenance mechanism of offshore deflected flows over ridge crests and onshore in the troughs. We examine these processes both with a limited set of idealized numerical simulations and analysis of observational data. Model results confirm that alongshore flows over the SFCRs exhibit offshore veering of currents over the ridge crests and onshore-directed flows in the troughs, and demonstrate the opposite circulation pattern for a reverse wind. To further investigate these maintenance processes, oceanographic instruments were deployed at seven sites on the SFCRs offshore of Fire Island to measure water levels, ocean currents, waves, suspended sediment concentrations, and bottom stresses from January to April 2012. Data analysis reveals that during storms with winds from the northeast, the processes of offshore deflection of currents over ridge crests and onshore in the troughs were observed, and during storm events with winds from the southwest, a reverse flow pattern over the ridges occurred. Computations of suspended sediment fluxes identify periods that are consistent with SFCR maintenance mechanisms. Alongshore winds from the northeast drove fluxes offshore on the ridge crest and onshore in the trough that would tend to promote ridge maintenance. However, alongshore winds from the southwest drove opposite circulations. The wind fields are related to different storm types that occur in the region (low-pressure systems, cold fronts, and warm fronts). From the limited data set, we identify that low-pressure systems drive sediment fluxes that tend to promote stability and maintain the SFCRs while cold front type storms appear to drive circulations that are in the opposite sense and may not be a supporting mechanism for ridge maintenance. C1 [Warner, John C.; List, Jeffrey H.; Schwab, William C.; Armstrong, Brandy] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Voulgaris, George] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Marshall, Nicole] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcwarner@usgs.gov; jlist@usgs.gov; bschwab@usgs.gov; gvoulgaris@geol.sc.edu; barmstrong@usgs.gov; nrmarshall@vims.edu RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and conducted by the Coastal Change Processes Project. This data collection and interpretation was largely a collaborative effort between the U. S. Geological Survey and the University of South Carolina. We acknowledge support from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program. We appreciate the assistance from the crew aboard the R/V Connecticut to deploy and recover oceanographic instruments and we thank USGS field technicians Marinna Martini, Jonathan Borden, Ellyn Montgomery, Sandy Baldwin, Dann Blackwood, and Chuck Worley. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1767 EP 1781 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0781-y PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AT6ZQ UT WOS:000345086100005 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Casazza, ML Fike, JA Coates, PS AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Casazza, Michael L. Fike, Jennifer A. Coates, Peter S. TI Hierarchical spatial genetic structure in a distinct population segment of greater sage-grouse SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bi-State; Distinct population segment; Gene flow; Genetic diversity; Greater sage-grouse; Microsatellites; Mitochondrial DNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL-REGION; TETRAO-TETRIX; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE; PATTERNS; DISEASE AB Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) within the Bi-State Management Zone (area along the border between Nevada and California) are geographically isolated on the southwestern edge of the species' range. Previous research demonstrated that this population is genetically unique, with a high proportion of unique mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and with significant differences in microsatellite allele frequencies compared to populations across the species' range. As a result, this population was considered a distinct population segment (DPS) and was recently proposed for listing as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. A more comprehensive understanding of the boundaries of this genetically unique population (where the Bi-State population begins) and an examination of genetic structure within the Bi-State is needed to help guide effective management decisions. We collected DNA from eight sampling locales within the Bi-State (N = 181) and compared those samples to previously collected DNA from the two most proximal populations outside of the Bi-State DPS, generating mtDNA sequence data and amplifying 15 nuclear microsatellites. Both mtDNA and microsatellite analyses support the idea that the Bi-State DPS represents a genetically unique population, which has likely been separated for thousands of years. Seven mtDNA haplotypes were found exclusively in the Bi-State population and represented 73 % of individuals, while three haplotypes were shared with neighboring populations. In the microsatellite analyses both STRUCTURE and FCA separate the Bi-State from the neighboring populations. We also found genetic structure within the Bi-State as both types of data revealed differences between the northern and southern part of the Bi-State and there was evidence of isolation-by-distance. STRUCTURE revealed three subpopulations within the Bi-State consisting of the northern Pine Nut Mountains (PNa), mid Bi-State, and White Mountains (WM) following a north-south gradient. This genetic subdivision within the Bi-State is likely the result of habitat loss and fragmentation that has been exacerbated by recent human activities and the encroachment of singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) trees. While genetic concerns may be only one of many priorities for the conservation and management of the Bi-State greater sage-grouse, we believe that they warrant attention along with other issues (e.g., quality of sagebrush habitat, preventing future loss of habitat). Management actions that promote genetic connectivity, especially with respect to WM and PNa, may be critical to the long-term viability of the Bi-State DPS. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1311 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0618-8 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AT2PU UT WOS:000344777500004 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Casazza, ML Fike, JA Coates, PS AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Casazza, Michael L. Fike, Jennifer A. Coates, Peter S. TI Hierarchical spatial genetic structure in a distinct population segment of greater sage-grouse (vol 15, pg 1299, 2014) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1314 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0630-z PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AT2PU UT WOS:000344777500005 ER PT J AU DeHaan, PW Adams, BA Tabor, RA Hawkins, DK Thompson, B AF DeHaan, Patrick W. Adams, Brice A. Tabor, Roger A. Hawkins, Denise K. Thompson, Brad TI Historical and contemporary forces shape genetic variation in the Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi), an endemic fish from Washington State, USA SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Olympic mudminnow; Microsatellites; Genetic variation; Historic isolation; Introduced populations ID GRAYLING THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PERIPHERAL-POPULATIONS; REMNANT POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION UNITS; NORTH-AMERICA; BULL TROUT; DIVERSITY AB Genetic data have become increasingly useful for conservation planning when data regarding population status and long-term viability is limited. The Olympic mudminnow is the only fish species endemic to Washington State, USA. The species is an increasing priority for conservation given its limited distribution and increasing habitat loss. Presently, information important for developing conservation plans including population abundance data, knowledge of population boundaries, and estimates of gene flow among populations are limited. We used microsatellite markers to assess the level of genetic variation within and among Olympic mudminnow collections from 23 sites across the species range. Genetic variation within collections ranged widely and was greatest within the Chehalis River Basin, a former glacial refugium. Analysis of population boundaries showed that each collection site represented a unique population with the exception of collections made within two large wetland and stream complexes. Genetic variation among populations appears to be strongly influenced by glacial history and the species' life history. Populations originating from the Chehalis River glacial refugium clustered together in multiple analyses and populations from the Olympic Coast, which persisted in separate refugia and have limited capacity for dispersal, showed a high level of differentiation. Competing theories existed regarding the origins of disjunct populations in east Puget Sound and genetic data showed that these populations represent undocumented introductions rather than a glacial remnant or historic colonization from the Chehalis refugium. Data presented in this study will help fill important information gaps and advance conservation planning for this species. C1 [DeHaan, Patrick W.; Adams, Brice A.; Hawkins, Denise K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Tabor, Roger A.; Thompson, Brad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP DeHaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM patrick_dehaan@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office. We would like to thank the following individuals for assisting with genetic sample collections: Molly Hallock (WDFW), Teal Waterstrat (USFWS), Kira Mazzi (USFWS), Dan Lantz (USFWS), Larry Gilbertson (Quinault Tribe), Pat Trotter (retired), Dan Spencer (USFWS), Hans Berge (King County), Pat Crain (NPS), and John Trobaugh (WDNR). We would also like to thank Teal Waterstrat for producing the study map, Pat Crain for sharing information regarding the history of the James Pond population, Jeanelle Miller and Molly Hallock for sharing information regarding the origins of Olympic mudminnow in east Puget Sound, and Patty Crandell, Christian Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1431 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0627-7 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AT2PU UT WOS:000344777500014 ER PT J AU Afanador, Y Velez-Valentin, J de la Rosa, RV Martinez-Cruzado, JC Vonholdt, B Oleksyk, TK AF Afanador, Y. Velez-Valentin, J. de la Rosa, R. Valentin Martinez-Cruzado, J. -C. vonHoldt, B. Oleksyk, T. K. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Amazona vittata; A. ventralis; A. leucocephala; Puerto Rican parrot; Hispaniolan parrot; Cuban parrot ID SOFTWARE AB The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) is one of the most endangered avian species in the world. Its dramatic decline to near extinction in 1975 was thwarted only by the establishment of two captive breeding programs. To date, conservation efforts resulted in a significant population recovery with over 400 living birds either at the two captive breeding sites, or released into the wild. However, despite nearly 40 years of conservation efforts, very few specific tools are available to study genetic diversity of this species. Here we present 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers developed using the genome sequence of A. vittata and verified in a population sample. The markers cross-amplify in two sister species from other islands: the Hispaniolan (A. ventralis) and the Cuban (A. leucocephala) parrots. The primer pairs we developed will eventually aid the breeding efforts by providing unique identifiers for individual birds, and in the population studies monitoring recovery of critically endangered A. vittata. C1 [Afanador, Y.; Martinez-Cruzado, J. -C.; Oleksyk, T. K.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Velez-Valentin, J.; de la Rosa, R. Valentin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Program Puerto Rican Parrot, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Velez-Valentin, J.; de la Rosa, R. Valentin] Dept Recursos Nat & Ambientales Puerto Rico, Recovery Program Puerto Rican Parrot Rio Abajo St, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. [vonHoldt, B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Oleksyk, TK (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM taras.oleksyk@upr.edu FU Toyota Foundation of Puerto Rico; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F11AP00196] FX We want to thank the Toyota Foundation of Puerto Rico for financially supporting this work through a grant managed by the Fundacion Comunitaria de Puerto Rico. We also want to thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding research-related travel (grant # F11AP00196). Special thanks to Ingrid Rivera-Pagan, Tanya Martinez, Marisel Lopez, and Israel Rivera for help in processing samples, laboratory work, and helpful advice during preparation of the manuscript. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 885 EP 889 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0232-6 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AS8EC UT WOS:000344481900020 ER PT J AU Coykendall, DK Morrison, CL Stott, W Springmann, MJ AF Coykendall, D. K. Morrison, C. L. Stott, W. Springmann, M. J. TI Development of eighteen microsatellite loci in walleye (Sander vitreus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sander; Walleye; Sauger; Blue pike; Microsatellites ID PRIMERS AB A suite of tri- and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci were developed for walleye (Sander vitreus) from 454 pyrosequencing data. Eighteen of the 50 primer sets tested amplified consistently in 35 walleye from two lakes on Isle Royale, Lake Superior: Chickenbone Lake and Whittlesey Lake. The loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (average 5.5 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 35.8 %). Levels of genetic diversity were sufficient to produce unique multi-locus genotypes and detect phylogeographic structuring as individuals assigned back to their population of origin. Cross-species amplification within S. canadensis (sauger) was successful for 15 loci, and 11 loci were diagnostic to species. The loci characterized here will be useful for detecting fine-scale spatial structuring, resolving the taxonomic status of Sander species and sub-species, and detecting walleye/sauger hybrids. C1 [Coykendall, D. K.; Morrison, C. L.; Springmann, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Stott, W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cmorrison@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems mission area FX Funding provided by USGS Ecosystems mission area. Lakyn Sanders provided lab help. This article is contribution number 1870 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endoresement by the U.S. government. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1021 DI 10.1007/s12686-014-0275-8 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AS8EC UT WOS:000344481900054 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Thyen, S Becker, PH AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Thyen, Stefan Becker, Peter H. TI Incubation stage and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener patterns in an altricial and precocial bird species SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Little tern; PCB congener profile; PCBs; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Tree swallow ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; EATING SEA BIRDS; METABOLIC INTERPRETATIONS; MOLECULAR-FEATURES; HOUSATONIC RIVER; ORGANOCHLORINE; CONTAMINANTS; EMBRYOS; USA; BIOACCUMULATION AB The composition of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was compared between non-incubated and embryonated eggs of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and little terns (Sterna albifrons) to determine if measurable changes in PCB congeners occurred during the embryonic period. There was no indication of changes in PCB congener patterns over the incubation period in tree swallows in 1999 and 2000 at a site with very high PCB exposure or a site with more modest PCB exposure. Additionally, congeners known to be either quickly metabolized or conserved based on experimental studies did not generally respond as predicted. Similarly, PCB congener patterns in eggs of little terns from Bottsand, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, did not differ between non-incubated and embryonated eggs. The results from both species suggest that the stage of incubation is not an important consideration when evaluating PCB congener patterns; comparisons and assessments can be made with eggs collected at all stages of incubation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.] USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Becker, Peter H.] Inst Vogelforsch Vogelwarte Helgoland, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov; tcuster@usgs.gov; s.thyen@t-online.de; peter.becker@ifv-vogelwarte.de OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey (Housatonic River data); Niedersachsische Wattenmeerstiftung, Hannover; Institut fur Technisch-Wissenschaftliche Innovation of the Fachhochschule Wilhelmshaven FX We thank L. Kirk Lohman and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The study plan was approved by the Institution's Animal Care and Use Committee. The work was funded in part by the Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey (Housatonic River data) and the Niedersachsische Wattenmeerstiftung, Hannover and Institut fur Technisch-Wissenschaftliche Innovation of the Fachhochschule Wilhelmshaven. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 195 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7LM UT WOS:000344437600014 PM 25213805 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI Accounting for imperfect detection and survey bias in statistical analysis of presence-only data SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ecological niche model; N-mixture model; predictive biogeography; site occupancy model; spatial point process; species distribution model ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; POINT PROCESS MODELS; ABSENCE DATA; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABUNDANCE; PROBABILITIES; EQUIVALENCE; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY; DENSITY AB AimDuring the past decade ecologists have attempted to estimate the parameters of species distribution models by combining locations of species presence observed in opportunistic surveys with spatially referenced covariates of occurrence. Several statistical models have been proposed for the analysis of presence-only data, but these models have largely ignored the effects of imperfect detection and survey bias. In this paper I describe a model-based approach for the analysis of presence-only data that accounts for errors in the detection of individuals and for biased selection of survey locations. InnovationI develop a hierarchical, statistical model that allows presence-only data to be analysed in conjunction with data acquired independently in planned surveys. One component of the model specifies the spatial distribution of individuals within a bounded, geographic region as a realization of a spatial point process. A second component of the model specifies two kinds of observations, the detection of individuals encountered during opportunistic surveys and the detection of individuals encountered during planned surveys. Main conclusionsUsing mathematical proof and simulation-based comparisons, I demonstrate that biases induced by errors in detection or biased selection of survey locations can be reduced or eliminated by using the hierarchical model to analyse presence-only data in conjunction with counts observed in planned surveys. I show that a relatively small number of high-quality data (from planned surveys) can be used to leverage the information in presence-only observations, which usually have broad spatial coverage but may not be informative of both occurrence and detectability of individuals. Because a variety of sampling protocols can be used in planned surveys, this approach to the analysis of presence-only data is widely applicable. In addition, since the point-process model is formulated at the level of an individual, it can be extended to account for biological interactions between individuals and temporal changes in their spatial distributions. C1 US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1472 EP 1484 DI 10.1111/geb.12216 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AS9XN UT WOS:000344591900014 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Waddle, JH Barichivich, WJ Bartoszek, IA Brown, ME Hefner, JM Schuman, MJ AF Walls, Susan C. Waddle, J. Hardin Barichivich, William J. Bartoszek, Ian A. Brown, Mary E. Hefner, Jeromi M. Schuman, Melinda J. TI Anuran site occupancy and species richness as tools for evaluating restoration of a hydrologically-modified landscape SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anuran amphibians; Automated recording units; Baseline reference conditions; Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan; Picayune Strand Restoration Project; Southwest Florida ID AQUATIC-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; PREDATORY FISH; WETLANDS; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGE; ECOSYSTEM; SUCCESS; EXPECTATIONS; EXTINCTION; EVERGLADES AB A fundamental goal of wetland restoration is to reinstate pre-disturbance hydrological conditions to degraded landscapes, facilitating recolonization by native species and the production of resilient, functional ecosystems. To evaluate restoration success, baseline conditions need to be determined and a reference target needs to be established that will serve as an ecological blueprint in the restoration process. During the summer wet seasons of 2010 and 2011, we used automated recording units to monitor a community of calling anuran amphibians in the Picayune Strand State Forest of Southwest Florida, USA. This area is undergoing hydrological restoration as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. We compared occurrence of anurans at sites in the restoration area, to nearby locations in relatively undisturbed habitat (reference sites). We assessed the utility of the latter as restoration targets, using a hierarchical model of community species occupancy to estimate the probability of occurrence of anurans in restoration and reference locations. We detected 14 species, 13 of which were significantly more likely to occur in reference areas. All 14 species were estimated by our model to occur at these sites but, across both years, only 8-13 species were estimated to occur at restoration sites. The composition and structure of these habitats within and adjacent to the Picayune Strand State Forest indicate that they are suitable targets for habitat restoration, as measured by amphibian occurrence and species richness. These areas are important sources for recolonization of anuran amphibians as the hydrologically degraded Picayune Strand undergoes restoration to mitigate the effects of overdrainage and habitat loss. C1 [Walls, Susan C.; Barichivich, William J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Bartoszek, Ian A.; Schuman, Melinda J.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Brown, Mary E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hefner, Jeromi M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009; OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133; Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU United States Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science program (USGS GEPES); Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (USGS ARMI) FX This work was supported by the United States Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science program (USGS GEPES) and the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (USGS ARMI). We thank Picayune Strand State Forest and Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park personnel for permission to work on these lands, especially M. Owen (FSPSP Biologist) for advice and suggestions. We also thank D. Gregoire for assistance in listening to and transcribing recorded frog calls, J. Mitchell for commenting on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and B. Gloriso for preparing Fig. 5. B. Buchanan provided insight into relating sound pressure levels of calling frogs to their distance from a site. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is contribution 465 of USGS ARMI. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 625 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s11273-014-9356-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AT3XT UT WOS:000344869000004 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RL Cattle, SR Moskowitz, BM Goldstein, HL Yauk, K Flagg, CB Berquo, TS Kokaly, RF Morman, S Breit, GN AF Reynolds, Richard L. Cattle, Stephen R. Moskowitz, Bruce M. Goldstein, Harland L. Yauk, Kimberly Flagg, Cody B. Berquo, Thelma S. Kokaly, Raymond F. Morman, Suzette Breit, George N. TI Iron oxide minerals in dust of the Red Dawn event in eastern Australia, September 2009 SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dust radiative properties; Dust magnetic properties; Iron oxide minerals; Hematite; Goethite; Nanoparticles ID NATURAL DUNE SANDS; ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL MAGNETISM; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AEOLIAN ABRASION; GRAIN-SIZE; AEROSOL; HYSTERESIS; CLIMATE; SOILS AB Iron oxide minerals typically compose only a few weight percent of bulk atmospheric dust but are important for potential roles in forcing climate, affecting cloud properties, influencing rates of snow and ice melt, and fertilizing marine phytoplankton. Dust samples collected from locations across eastern Australia (Lake Cowal, Orange, Hornsby, and Sydney) following the spectacular "Red Dawn" dust storm on 23 September 2009 enabled study of the dust iron oxide assemblage using a combination of magnetic measurements, Mossbauer spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Red Dawn was the worst dust storm to have hit the city of Sydney in more than 60 years, and it also deposited dust into the Tasman Sea and onto snow cover in New Zealand. Magnetization measurements from 20 to 400 K reveal that hematite, goethite, and trace amounts of magnetite are present in all samples. Magnetite concentrations (as much as 0.29 wt%) were much higher in eastern, urban sites than in western, agricultural sites in central New South Wales (0.01 wt%), strongly suggesting addition of magnetite from local urban sources. Variable temperature Mossbauer spectroscopy (300 and 4.2 K) indicates that goethite and hematite compose approximately 25-45% of the Fe-bearing phases in samples from the inland sites of Orange and Lake Cowal. Hematite was observed at both temperatures but goethite only at 4.2 K, thereby revealing the presence of nanogoethite (less than about 20 nm). Similarly, hematite particulate matter is very small (some of it d < 100 nm) on the basis of magnetic results and Mossbauer spectra. The degree to which ferric oxide in these samples might absorb solar radiation is estimated by comparing reflectance values with a magnetic parameter (hard isothermal remanent magnetization, HIRM) for ferric oxide abundance. Average visible reflectance and HIRM are correlated as a group (r(2) = 0.24), indicating that Red Dawn ferric oxides have capacity to absorb solar radiation. Much of this ferric oxide occurs as nano-hematite and nanogoethite particles on surfaces of other particulate matter, thereby providing high surface area to enhance absorption of solar radiation. Leaching of the sample from Orange in simulated human-lung fluid revealed low bioaccessibility for most metals. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reynolds, Richard L.; Goldstein, Harland L.; Kokaly, Raymond F.; Morman, Suzette; Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cattle, Stephen R.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Moskowitz, Bruce M.; Yauk, Kimberly] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Rock Magnetism, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Flagg, Cody B.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT USA. [Berquo, Thelma S.] Concordia Coll, Dept Phys, Moorhead, MN USA. RP Reynolds, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rreynolds@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU Instruments and Facilities Program of the National Science Foundation Division of Earth Science; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program FX We are grateful to Christoph Geiss, Slobodan Nickovic, and an anonymous reviewer for very helpful reviews. We thank Andrew Rawson for collecting the dust sample from Orange and, for laboratory assistance, Cody Flagg and Jiang Xiao (reflectance analysis), Heather Lowers (SEM), and Peat Solheid (Mossbauer spectroscopy). We are also grateful to Roger Clark and Todd Hoefen for use of the USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory, Denver. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Institute for Rock Magnetism is supported by grants from the Instruments and Facilities Program of the National Science Foundation Division of Earth Science. This is IRM Contribution 1306. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Program. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.02.003 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA AS7FT UT WOS:000344423300001 ER PT J AU Flagg, CB Neff, JC Reynolds, RL Belnap, J AF Flagg, Cody B. Neff, Jason C. Reynolds, Richard L. Belnap, Jayne TI Spatial and temporal patterns of dust emissions (2004-2012) in semi-arid landscapes, southeastern Utah, USA SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dust emission; Aeolian sediment; Regression tree; Land use and land cover; Passive dust sampler; Mancos Shale ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WIND EROSION; MOJAVE DESERT; COLORADO PLATEAU; AGGREGATE STABILITY; FIELD MEASUREMENT; CLIMATIC CONTROLS; LAND MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; EOLIAN DUST AB Aeolian dust can influence nutrient availability, soil fertility, plant interactions, and water-holding capacity in both source and downwind environments. A network of 85 passive collectors for aeolian sediment spanning numerous plant communities, soil types, and land-use histories covering approximately 4000 square kilometers across southeastern Utah was used to sample horizontal emissions of aeolian sediment. The sample archive dates to 2004 and is currently the largest known record of field-scale dust emissions for the southwestern United States. Sediment flux peaked during the spring months in all plant communities (mean: 38.1 g m(-2) d(-1)), related to higher, sustained wind speeds that begin in the early spring. Dust flux was lowest during the winter period (mean: 5 g m(-2) d(-1)) when surface wind speeds are typically low. Sites dominated by blackbrush and sagebrush shrubs had higher sediment flux (mean: 19.4 g m(-2) d(-1)) compared to grasslands (mean: 11.2 g m(-2) d(-1)), saltbush shrublands (mean: 10.3 g m(-2) d(-1)), and woodlands (mean: 8.1 g m(-2) d(-1)). Contrary to other studies on dust emissions, antecedent precipitation during one, two, and three seasons prior to sample collection did not significantly influence emission rates. Physical site-scale factors controlling dust emissions were complex and varied from one vegetation type to another. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flagg, Cody B.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Flagg, Cody B.; Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Flagg, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM cflagg@usgs.gov OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU Bureau of Land Management; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Program; USGS Ecosystems Program FX Funding and support for this study were provided by the Bureau of Land Management, the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Program, and USGS Ecosystems Program. We thank the numerous technicians that assisted with field collections over the years. Sue Phillips, Janice Brahney, Dan Fernandez, Harland Goldstein, Eric Fisher, and Frank Urban assisted with sample preparation, lab analyses, statistical analysis, and quality control of weather station data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.10.002 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA AS7FT UT WOS:000344423300003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RL Goldstein, HL Moskowitz, BM Bryant, AC Skiles, SM Kokaly, RF Flagg, CB Yauk, K Berquo, T Breit, G Ketterer, M Fernandez, D Miller, ME Painter, TH AF Reynolds, Richard L. Goldstein, Harland L. Moskowitz, Bruce M. Bryant, Ann C. Skiles, S. McKenzie Kokaly, Raymond F. Flagg, Cody B. Yauk, Kimberly Berquo, Thelma Breit, George Ketterer, Michael Fernandez, Daniel Miller, Mark E. Painter, Thomas H. TI Composition of dust deposited to snow cover in the Wasatch Range (Utah, USA): Controls on radiative properties of snow cover and comparison to some dust-source sediments SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric dust; Magnetic properties; Goethite; Hematite; Black carbon; Metals ID M-RS/M-S; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MINERAL DUST; DESERT DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL MAGNETISM; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICULATE MATTER; HYPERFINE FIELD; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE AB Dust layers deposited to snow cover of the Wasatch Range (northern Utah) in 2009 and 2010 provide rare samples to determine the relations between their compositions and radiative properties. These studies are required to comprehend and model how such dust-on-snow (DOS) layers affect rates of snow melt through changes in the albedo of snow surfaces. We evaluated several constituents as potential contributors to the absorption of solar radiation indicated by values of absolute reflectance determined from biconical reflectance spectroscopy. Ferric oxide minerals and carbonaceous matter appear to be the primary influences on lowering snow-cover albedo. Techniques of reflectance and Mossbauer spectroscopy as well as rock magnetism provide information about the types, amounts, and grain sizes of ferric oxide minerals. Relatively high amounts of ferric oxide, indicated by hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM), are associated with relatively low average reflectance (<0.25) across the visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicates roughly equal amounts of hematite and goethite, representing about 35% of the total Fe-bearing phases. Nevertheless, goethite (alpha-FeOOH) is the dominant ferric oxide found by reflectance spectroscopy and thus appears to be the main iron oxide control on absorption of solar radiation. At least some goethite occurs as nano-phase grain coatings less than about 50 nm thick. Relatively high amounts of organic carbon, indicating as much as about 10% organic matter, are also associated with lower reflectance values. The organic matter, although not fully characterized by type, correlates strongly with metals (e.g., Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Mo, Zn) derived from distal urban and industrial settings, probably including mining and smelting sites. This relation suggests anthropogenic sources for at least some of the carbonaceous matter, such as emissions from transportation and industrial activities. The composition of the DOS samples can be compared with sediments in a likely dust-source setting at the Milford Flat Fire (MFF) area about 225 km southwest of Salt Lake City. The MFF area represents geologically and physiographically similar and widespread dust sources west-southwest of the Wasatch Range and heavily populated Wasatch Front. The DOS layers and MFF sediments are similar in some textural, chemical, and magnetic properties, as well as in the common presence of goethite, hematite, magnetite-bearing basalt fragments, quartz, plagioclase, illite, and kaolinite. Textural and some chemical differences among these deposits can be explained by atmospheric sorting as well as by inputs from other settings, such as salt-crusted playas and contaminant sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reynolds, Richard L.; Goldstein, Harland L.; Kokaly, Raymond F.; Breit, George] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Moskowitz, Bruce M.; Yauk, Kimberly] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Rock Magnetism, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bryant, Ann C.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Skiles, S. McKenzie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Kokaly, Raymond F.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Flagg, Cody B.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT USA. [Berquo, Thelma] Concordia Coll, Dept Phys, Moorhead, MN USA. [Ketterer, Michael] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fernandez, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Mark E.] Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Reynolds, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Bldg 53,Entrance 5-1,Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rreynolds@usgs.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Program; NSF [CHE-0118604]; Arizona Technology Research and Innovation Fund; Instruments and Facilities Program of the National Science Foundation Division of Earth Science FX We are grateful to Jeff Deems and two anonymous reviewers for improving this manuscript. For motivating discussions and assistance in the field, we thank Marith Reheis and Jim Yount, and for laboratory analyses, we thank Jiang Xiao, Gary Skipp, and Eric Fisher. We are also grateful to Roger Clark and Todd Hoeffen for use of the USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory, Denver, and to Subir Banerjee for critical discussion of the magnetic and Mossbauer results. Collection of the dust-on-snow samples was part of a joint University of Utah-U.S. Forest Service project. Support was provided by U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Program and (for MEK) by NSF CHE-0118604 and the Arizona Technology Research and Innovation Fund for the ICPMS lab facilities. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The Institute for Rock Magnetism is supported by grants from the Instruments and Facilities Program of the National Science Foundation Division of Earth Science. This is IRM Contribution 1302. NR 103 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.08.001 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA AS7FT UT WOS:000344423300006 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, L. E. TI Monitoring fish distributions along electrofishing segments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Electrofishing; Microhabitat; Relative abundance; Bluegill; Largemouth bass AB Electrofishing is widely used to monitor fish species composition and relative abundance in streams and lakes. According to standard protocols, multiple segments are selected in a body of water to monitor population relative abundance as the ratio of total catch to total sampling effort. The standard protocol provides an assessment of fish distribution at a macrohabitat scale among segments, but not within segments. An ancillary protocol was developed for assessing fish distribution at a finer scale within electrofishing segments. The ancillary protocol was used to estimate spacing, dispersion, and association of two species along shore segments in two local reservoirs. The added information provided by the ancillary protocol may be useful for assessing fish distribution relative to fish of the same species, to fish of different species, and to environmental or habitat characteristics. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 186 IS 12 BP 8899 EP 8905 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4053-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS6BF UT WOS:000344349200062 PM 25238810 ER PT J AU Brosnahan, S AF Brosnahan, Sandra TI Sandra Brosnahan SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Brosnahan, Sandra] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brosnahan, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sbrosnahan@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700033 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, DR AF Hutchinson, Deborah R. TI Deborah R. Hutchinson SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Hutchinson, Deborah R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hutchinson, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dhutchinson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700105 ER PT J AU Lentz, E AF Lentz, Erika TI Erika Lentz SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Lentz, Erika] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lentz, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM elentz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700120 ER PT J AU Lightsom, F AF Lightsom, Frances TI Frances Lightsom SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Lightsom, Frances] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lightsom, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM flightsom@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700121 ER PT J AU Martini, M AF Martini, Marinna TI Marinna Martini SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Martini, Marinna] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Martini, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mmartini@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700131 ER PT J AU Quattrini, AM AF Quattrini, Andrea M. TI Andrea M. Quattrini SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Quattrini, Andrea M.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nations Technol Solut, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Quattrini, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nations Technol Solut, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM aquattrini@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700160 ER PT J AU Ruppel, C AF Ruppel, Carolyn TI Carolyn Ruppel SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ruppel, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cruppel@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700172 ER PT J AU Mueller, ER Grams, PE Schmidt, JC Hazel, JE Alexander, JS Kaplinski, M AF Mueller, Erich R. Grams, Paul E. Schmidt, John C. Hazel, Joseph E., Jr. Alexander, Jason S. Kaplinski, Matt TI The influence of controlled floods on fine sediment storage in debris fan-affected canyons of the Colorado River basin SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; River canyons; Controlled floods; Dams; Sediment supply; Sandbars ID GRAND-CANYON; GREEN RIVER; MASS-BALANCE; DOWNSTREAM; ARIZONA; DAM; FLOW; UTAH; EVOLUTION; RESPONSES AB Prior to the construction of large dams on the Green and Colorado Rivers, annual floods aggraded sandbars in lateral flow-recirculation eddies with fine sediment scoured from the bed and delivered from upstream. Flows greater than normal dam operations may be used to mimic this process in an attempt to increase time-averaged sandbar size. These controlled floods may rebuild sandbars, but sediment deficit conditions downstream from the dams restrict the frequency that controlled floods produce beneficial results. Here, we integrate complimentary, long-term monitoring data sets from the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons downstream from Glen Canyon dam and the Green River in the Canyon of Lodore downstream from Flaming Gorge dam. Since the mid-1990s, several controlled floods have occurred in these canyon rivers. These controlled floods scour fine sediment from the bed and build sandbars in eddies, thus increasing channel relief. These changes are short-lived, however, as interflood dam operations erode sandbars within several months to years. Controlled flood response and interflood changes in bed elevation are more variable in Marble Canyon and Grand Canyon, likely reflecting more variable fine sediment supply and stronger transience in channel bed sediment storage. Despite these differences, neither system shows a trend in fine-sediment storage during the period in which controlled floods were monitored. These results demonstrate that controlled floods build eddy sandbars and increase channel relief for short interflood periods, and this response may be typical in other dam-influenced canyon rivers. The degree to which these features persist depends on the frequency of controlled floods, but careful consideration of sediment supply is necessary to avoid increasing the long-term sediment deficit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mueller, Erich R.; Grams, Paul E.; Schmidt, John C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schmidt, John C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hazel, Joseph E., Jr.; Kaplinski, Matt] Univ Arizona, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Alexander, Jason S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Mueller, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM emueller@usgs.gov OI Mueller, Erich/0000-0001-8202-154X FU National Park Service (NPS) [F 1400-11-000] FX This synthesis and report were supported by National Park Service (NPS) Interagency Agreement No. F 1400-11-000 with special acknowledgement to Tamara Naumann and Mark Wondzell of the NPS. Field data collection at these sites has occurred over many years with support from the NPS, Utah State University, Northern Arizona University, the Western Area Power Administration, the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Editor Richard Marston provided helpful editorial comments. Reviews by Susannah Erwin and two anonymous reviewers improved the content and clarity of the article. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 226 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.029 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AR1NG UT WOS:000343351300006 ER PT J AU Yellen, B Woodruff, JD Kratz, LN Mabee, SB Morrison, J Martini, AM AF Yellen, B. Woodruff, J. D. Kratz, L. N. Mabee, S. B. Morrison, J. Martini, A. M. TI Source, conveyance and fate of suspended sediments following Hurricane Irene. New England, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flooding; Tropical cyclone; Event deposition; Sediment yield; Post-glacial; Connecticut River ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EXTREME FLOOD; GEOMORPHOLOGY; CLIMATE; ACCUMULATION; DENUDATION; MAGNITUDE; FREQUENCY; DISCHARGE AB Hurricane Irene passed directly over the Connecticut River valley in late August, 2011. Intense precipitation and high antecedent soil moisture resulted in record flooding, mass wasting and fluvial erosion, allowing for observations of how these rare but significant extreme events affect a landscape still responding to Pleistocene glaciation and associated sediment emplacement. Clays and silts from upland glacial deposits, once suspended in the stream network, were routed directly to the mouth of the Connecticut River, resulting in record-breaking sediment loads fifteen-times greater than predicted from the pre-existing rating curve. Denudation was particularly extensive in mountainous areas. We calculate that sediment yield during the event from the Deerfield River, a steep tributary comprising 5% of the entire Connecticut River watershed, exceeded at minimum 10-40 years of routine sediment discharge and accounted for approximately 40% of the total event sediment discharge from the Connecticut River. A series of surface sediment cores taken in floodplain ponds adjacent to the tidal section of the Connecticut River before and after the event provides insight into differences in sediment sourcing and routing for the Irene event compared to periods of more routine flooding. Relative to routine conditions, sedimentation from Irene was anomalously inorganic, fine grained, and enriched in elements commonly found in chemically immature glacial tills and glaciolacustrine material. These unique sedimentary characteristics document the crucial role played by extreme precipitation from tropical disturbances in denuding this landscape. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yellen, B.; Woodruff, J. D.; Kratz, L. N.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mabee, S. B.] Massachusetts Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Morrison, J.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Martini, A. M.] Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Yellen, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM byellen@geo.umass.edu OI Yellen, Brian/0000-0002-1632-5972 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1158780, EAR-1148244, IF-0949313] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (EAR-1158780, EAR-1148244 and IF-0949313). Fall 2011 GEO-SCI 445 University of Massachusetts students assisted with field and lab work with special thanks to J. Fardy and A. Fallon. M. Colomb and J. Fellows helped compile gaging and precipitation data. Photos of upstream impacts were supplied by J. Kopera. An internal USGS review by B. Stone, and comments on an earlier version of this paper by M. Church and N. Snyder, and that of the two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 226 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.028 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AR1NG UT WOS:000343351300010 ER PT J AU Bunting, DP Kurc, SA Glenn, EP Nagler, PL Scott, RL AF Bunting, D. P. Kurc, S. A. Glenn, E. P. Nagler, P. L. Scott, R. L. TI Insights for empirically modeling evapotranspiration influenced by riparian and upland vegetation in semiarid regions SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; EVI; Land surface temperature; MODIS; NDVI; Remote sensing ID TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CATCHMENT WATER-BALANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; EDDY COVARIANCE; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; FLUX TOWERS AB Water resource managers aim to ensure long-term water supplies for increasing human populations. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water balance and accurate estimates are important to quantify safe allocations to humans while supporting environmental needs. Scaling up ET measurements from small spatial scales has been problematic due to spatiotemporal variability. Remote sensing products provide spatially distributed data that account for seasonal climate and vegetation variability. We used MODIS products [i.e., Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and nighttime land surface temperatures (LSTn)] to create empirical ET models calibrated using measured ET from three riparian-influenced and two upland, water-limited flux tower sites. Results showed that combining all sites introduced systematic bias, so we developed separate models to estimate riparian and upland ET. While EVI and LSTn were the main drivers for ET in riparian sites, precipitation replaced LSTn as the secondary driver of ET in upland sites. Riparian ET was successfully modeled using an inverse exponential approach (r(2) = 0.92) while upland ET was adequately modeled using a multiple linear regression approach (r(2) = 0.77). These models can be used in combination to estimate ET at basin scales provided each region is classified and precipitation data is available. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bunting, D. P.; Kurc, S. A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kurc, S. A.; Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Bunting, DP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bunting_ph5@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship FX This work is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. The authors thank the principal investigators in charge of maintaining and processing eddy covariance flux tower data used in this research as well as the personnel affiliated with the MODIS ORNL-DAAC for sharing data associated with this research. This version of the manuscript has benefited greatly from the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 111 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.06.007 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR1LW UT WOS:000343347700007 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Howe, KB Casazza, ML Delehanty, DJ AF Coates, Peter S. Howe, Kristy B. Casazza, Michael L. Delehanty, David J. TI Common raven occurrence in relation to energy transmission line corridors transiting human-altered sagebrush steppe SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic development; Corvus corax; Energy development; Habitat; Probability of occurrence; Resource selection probability function ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; NEST PREDATION; MOJAVE DESERT; HABITAT USE; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE AB Energy-related infrastructure and other human enterprises within sagebrush steppe of the American West often results in changes that promote common raven (Corvus corax; hereafter, raven) populations. Ravens, a generalist predator capable of behavioral innovation, present a threat to many species of conservation concern. We evaluate the effects of detailed features of an altered landscape on the probability of raven occurrence using extensive raven survey (n = 1045) and mapping data from southern Idaho, USA. We found nonlinear relationships between raven occurrence and distances to transmission lines, roads, and facilities. Most importantly, raven occurrence was greater with presence of transmission lines up to 2.2 km from the corridor. We further explain variation in raven occurrence along anthropogenic features based on the amount of non-native vegetation and cover type edge, such that ravens select fragmented sagebrush stands with patchy, exotic vegetative introgression. Raven occurrence also increased with greater length of edge formed by the contact of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp.) with non-native vegetation cover types. In consideration of increasing alteration of sagebrush steppe, these findings will be useful for planning energy transmission corridor placement and other management activities where conservation of sagebrush obligate species is a priority. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Howe, Kristy B.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Howe, Kristy B.; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Howe, Kristy B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite B, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU Department of Biological Sciences of Idaho State University; Wildlife Conservation Society; Bureau of Land Management [DLA080105]; Gonzales Stoller Surveillance; U.S. Department of Energy; Idaho National Laboratory FX This research was conducted through the academic, logistic and financial support of the Department of Biological Sciences of Idaho State University, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bureau of Land Management (DLA080105), Gonzales Stoller Surveillance, U.S. Department of Energy, and Idaho National Laboratory. We particularly recognize B. Gustafson and B. Brussee for assistance in GIS application. Data collection for this study would not have been possible without the support of several individuals including C. Jenkins, J. Lowe, T. Mathis, J. Burrell, S. Bergen, D. Halford, R. Blew, J. Shive, and Q. Shurtliff. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 50 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 111 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.08.004 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR1LW UT WOS:000343347700010 ER PT J AU Stevens, K Irwin, B Kramer, D Urquhart, G AF Stevens, Kara Irwin, Brian Kramer, Daniel Urquhart, Gerald TI Impact of increasing market access on a tropical small-scale fishery SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Market access; Small-scale fisheries; Globalization; Trophic level; Estuary; Nicaragua ID COMMON SNOOK; CENTROPOMUS-UNDECIMALIS; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; LIFE-HISTORY; INDICATORS; FLORIDA; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; CATCHABILITY; NICARAGUA AB Small-scale fisheries have historically been marginalized in management and policy investments, and they often remain under-reported in national economic and fisheries statistics. Even so, small-scale fisheries are not entirely buffered from the impacts of globalization, such as the introduction and expansion of markets. This study measures the long-term impact of market-access on a coastal fishery on Nicaragua's remote Atlantic Coast from approximately the time when fishermen had access to stable and predictable local markets until the present, when the region has been transformed by road connection. In the last four years, fisheries trade has expanded as road connection has facilitated export to distant markets. Fishery-independent surveys were used to measure changes in indicators of fish-community status such as length-frequency, mean trophic level, and relative biomass. Species-level changes in relative biomass of common snook Centropomus undecimalis and gafftopsail catfish Bagre marinas were also evaluated since these species are the most economically valuable and likely account for the most fish biomass in the system. Using historical records, reports, current observations and interviews, changes in indicators of fishing intensity and market access over the past 17 years were assessed. From 1994 to 2011, community and species-specific metrics of the lagoon fishery declined significantly across all indicators examined. The potential social and economic outcomes of the decline in the fishery are far-reaching for the region, because this tropical fishery comprises the main source of protein and income for residents of twelve indigenous and Afro-descendent communities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stevens, Kara; Kramer, Daniel] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Irwin, Brian] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Foresby & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kramer, Daniel] James Madison Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Urquhart, Gerald] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. [Urquhart, Gerald] Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. RP Stevens, K (reprint author), 2380 Champlain St NW 203, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM stevenskara@yahoo.com; irwin@uga.edu; dbk@msu.edu; urquhart@msu.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.007 PN A PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AQ1FW UT WOS:000342528300006 ER PT J AU Pipek, V Liu, SB Kerne, A AF Pipek, Volkmar Liu, Sophia B. Kerne, Andruid TI Crisis Informatics and Collaboration: A Brief Introduction SO COMPUTER SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK-THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pipek, Volkmar] Univ Siegen, Inst Informat Syst, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Liu, Sophia B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Kerne, Andruid] Texas A&M Univ, Interface Ecol Lab, College Stn, TX USA. RP Pipek, V (reprint author), Univ Siegen, Inst Informat Syst, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. EM volkmar.pipek@uni-siegen.de; sophialiu@usgs.gov; andruid@cse.tamu.edu OI Pipek, Volkmar/0000-0002-3136-307X NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9724 EI 1573-7551 J9 COMPUT SUPP COOP W J JI Comput. Support. Coop. Work PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4-6 SI SI BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10606-014-9211-4 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA AP2OF UT WOS:000341911600001 ER PT J AU Liu, SB AF Liu, Sophia B. TI Crisis Crowdsourcing Framework: Designing Strategic Configurations of Crowdsourcing for the Emergency Management Domain SO COMPUTER SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK-THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Articulation work; Conceptual framework; Crisis informatics; Crisis mapping; Crowdsourcing; Crowdwork; Digital volunteers; Disasters; Emergency management; Human computation; Information management; Social media ID CITIZEN-SCIENCE; DISASTER; INFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT; WORK; ARTICULATION; KNOWLEDGE; PROJECT AB Crowdsourcing is not a new practice but it is a concept that has gained substantial attention during recent disasters. Drawing from previous work in the crisis informatics, disaster sociology, and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) literature, this paper first explains recent conceptualizations of crowdsourcing and how crowdsourcing is a way of leveraging disaster convergence. The CSCW concept of "articulation work" is introduced as an interpretive frame for extracting the salient dimensions of "crisis crowdsourcing." Then, a series of vignettes are presented to illustrate the evolution of crisis crowdsourcing that spontaneously emerged after the 2010 Haiti earthquake and evolved to more established forms of public engagement during crises. The best practices extracted from the vignettes clarified the efforts to formalize crisis crowdsourcing through the development of innovative interfaces designed to support the articulation work needed to facilitate spontaneous volunteer efforts. Extracting these best practices led to the development of a conceptual framework that unpacks the key dimensions of crisis crowdsourcing. The Crisis Crowdsourcing Framework is a systematic, problem-driven approach to determining the why, who, what, when, where, and how aspects of a crowdsourcing system. The framework also draws attention to the social, technological, organizational, and policy (STOP) interfaces that need to be designed to manage the articulation work involved with reducing the complexity of coordinating across these key dimensions. An example of how to apply the framework to design a crowdsourcing system is offered with a discussion on the implications for applying this framework as well as the limitations of this framework. Innovation is occurring at the social, technological, organizational, and policy interfaces enabling crowdsourcing to be operationalized and integrated into official products and services. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Liu, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM sophialiu@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The research reported here is supported through a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Sophia B. Liu. The author would like to thank Paul Earle and Barbara Poore for their early involvement and guidance on this manuscript, the research participants for their insights and feedback, Betsy Boynton for her contributions to the Crisis Crowdsourcing Framework graphic, and the anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the structure and concepts of the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 120 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 127 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9724 EI 1573-7551 J9 COMPUT SUPP COOP W J JI Comput. Support. Coop. Work PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4-6 SI SI BP 389 EP 443 DI 10.1007/s10606-014-9204-3 PG 55 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA AP2OF UT WOS:000341911600003 ER PT J AU Liang, L Schwartz, MD Wang, ZS Gao, F Schaaf, CB Tan, B Morisette, JT Zhang, XY AF Liang, Liang Schwartz, Mark D. Wang, Zhuosen Gao, Feng Schaaf, Crystal B. Tan, Bin Morisette, Jeffrey T. Zhang, Xiaoyang TI A Cross Comparison of Spatiotemporally Enhanced Springtime Phenological Measurements From Satellites and Ground in a Northern U.S. Mixed Forest SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Earth Observing System (EOS) land validation core sites; landscape phenology (LP); land surface phenology (LSP); phenology; Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) ID DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; REFLECTANCE FUSION MODEL; LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; CANOPY PHENOLOGY; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; NEAR-SURFACE; DYNAMICS AB Cross comparison of satellite-derived land surface phenology (LSP) and ground measurements is useful to ensure the relevance of detected seasonal vegetation change to the underlying biophysical processes. While standard 16-day and 250-m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation index (VI)-based springtime LSP has been evaluated in previous studies, it remains unclear whether LSP with enhanced temporal and spatial resolutions can capture additional details of ground phenology. In this paper, we compared LSP derived from 500-m daily MODIS and 30-m MODIS-Landsat fused VI data with landscape phenology (LP) in a northern U. S. mixed forest. LP was previously developed from intensively observed deciduous and coniferous tree phenology using an upscaling approach. Results showed that daily MODIS-based LSP consistently estimated greenup onset dates at the study area (625 m x 625 m) level with 4.48 days of mean absolute error (MAE), slightly better than that of using 16-day standard VI (4.63 days MAE). For the observed study areas, the time series with increased number of observations confirmed that post-bud burst deciduous tree phenology contributes the most to vegetation reflectance change. Moreover, fused VI time series demonstrated closer correspondences with LP at the community level (0.1-20 ha) than using MODIS alone at the study area level (390 ha). The fused LSP captured greenup onset dates for respective forest communities of varied sizes and compositions with four days of the overall MAE. This study supports further use of spatiotemporally enhanced LSP for more precise phenological monitoring. C1 [Liang, Liang] Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Wang, Zhuosen; Schaaf, Crystal B.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Wang, Zhuosen] NASA, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Zhuosen] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gao, Feng] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tan, Bin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] Colorado State Univ, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Liang, L (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM liang.liang@uky.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0649380, BCS-0703360]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AL38G] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant BCS-0649380 and Grant BCS-0703360 and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNX12AL38G. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 58 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 7513 EP 7526 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2313558 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7KM UT WOS:000341532100004 ER PT J AU Delin, GN Herkelrath, WN AF Delin, Geoffrey N. Herkelrath, William N. TI Effects of a Dual-Pump Crude-Oil Recovery System, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE HYDROCARBON; FINE-GRAINED SANDSTONE; SPILL SITE; MONITORING WELLS; AQUIFER; VOLUME; BIODEGRADATION; THICKNESS AB A crude-oil spill occurred in 1979 when a pipeline burst near Bemidji, MN. In 1998, the pipeline company installed a dual-pump recovery system designed to remove crude oil remaining in the subsurface at the site. The remediation from 1999 to 2003 resulted in removal of about 115,000 L of crude oil, representing between 36% and 41% of the volume of oil (280,000 to 316,000 L) estimated to be present in 1998. Effects of the 1999 to 2003 remediation on the dissolved plume were evaluated using measurements of oil thicknesses in wells plus measurements of dissolved oxygen in groundwater. Although the recovery system decreased oil thicknesses in the immediate vicinity of the remediation wells, average oil thicknesses measured in wells were largely unaffected. Dissolved-oxygen measurements indicate that a secondary plume was caused by disposal of the pumped water in an upgradient infiltration gallery; this plume expanded rapidly immediately following the start of the remediation in 1999. The result was expansion of the anoxic zone of groundwater upgradient and beneath the existing natural attenuation plume. Oil-phase recovery at this site was shown to be challenging, and considerable volumes of mobile and entrapped oil remain in the subsurface despite remediation efforts. C1 [Delin, Geoffrey N.] USGS, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Herkelrath, William N.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Delin, GN (reprint author), USGS, DFC, Box 25046,MS 406, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM delin@usgs.gov; wnherkel@usgs.gov RI fadel, khaled/A-6888-2013 FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program; Enbridge Energy Ltd. Pipeline Company; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency FX The efforts of numerous USGS employees as well as researchers from numerous universities are appreciated for their assistance with technical consultation as well as various analyses and data collection associated with this paper. We thank in particular our USGS colleagues in the Minnesota Water Science Center for sample collection and analytical support. The authors thank technical reviewer's Barbara A. Bekins, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, Melinda L. Erickson, and Don Lundy as well as two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments that significantly improved this paper. This research was supported primarily through the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program with additional support through the USGS National Research Program. The authors acknowledge the support of the Enbridge Energy Ltd. Pipeline Company as well as the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency in this research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 757 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1111/gwmr.12040 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AB2IU UT WOS:000331617200022 ER PT J AU Bartholomay, RC Twining, BV Rose, PE AF Bartholomay, Roy C. Twining, Brian V. Rose, Peter E. TI Ambient Changes in Tracer Concentrations from a Multilevel Monitoring System in Basalt SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID FRACTURED ROCK; TRANSPORT AB Starting in 2008, a 4-year tracer study was conducted to evaluate ambient changes in groundwater concentrations of a 1,3,6-naphthalene trisulfonate tracer that was added to drill water. Samples were collected under open borehole conditions and after installing a multilevel groundwater monitoring system completed with 11 discrete monitoring zones within dense and fractured basalt and sediment layers in the eastern Snake River aquifer. The study was done in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy to test whether ambient fracture flow conditions were sufficient to remove the effects of injected drill water prior to sample collection. Results from thief samples indicated that the tracer was present in minor concentrations 28 days after coring, but was not present 6 months after coring or 7 days after reaming the borehole. Results from sampling the multilevel monitoring system indicated that small concentrations of the tracer remained in 5 of 10 zones during some period after installation. All concentrations were several orders of magnitude lower than the initial concentrations in the drill water. The ports that had remnant concentrations of the tracer were either located near sediment layers or were located in dense basalt, which suggests limited groundwater flow near these ports. The ports completed in well-fractured and vesicular basalt had no detectable concentrations. C1 [Bartholomay, Roy C.; Twining, Brian V.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Natl Lab, Project Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Rose, Peter E.] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Bartholomay, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Natl Lab, Project Off, 1955 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rcbarth@usgs.gov; btwining@usgs.gov; prose@egi.utah.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This study was supported by funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy. Appreciation is extended to Jayson Blom, Betty Tucker, and Neil Maimer of the USGS for their assistance with sampling. The authors also thank the reviewers of the paper for their comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1111/gwmr.12038 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AB2IU UT WOS:000331617200024 ER PT J AU Buzas, MA Hayek, LAC Culver, SJ Hayward, BW Osterman, LE AF Buzas, Martin A. Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Culver, Stephen J. Hayward, Bruce W. Osterman, Lisa E. TI Ecological and evolutionary consequences of benthic community stasis in the very deep sea (> 1500 m) SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; BENTHONIC FORAMINIFERA; LATITUDINAL-GRADIENT; BETA-DIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; SHE ANALYSIS; PATTERNS AB An enigma of deep-sea biodiversity research is that the abyss with its low productivity and densities appears to have a biodiversity similar to that of shallower depths. This conceptualization of similarity is based mainly on per-sample estimates (point diversity, within-habitat, or alpha-diversity). Here, we use a measure of between-sample within-community diversity (beta(1H),) to examine benthic foraminiferal diversity between 333 stations within 49 communties from New Zealand, the South Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, the Norwegian Sea, and the Arctic. The communities are grouped into two depth categories: 200-1500 m and >1500 m. beta(1H) diversity exhibits no evidence of regional differences. Instead, higher values at shallower depths are observed worldwide. At depths of >1500 m the average beta(1H) is zero, indicating stasis or no biodiversity gradient. The difference in beta(1H)-diversity explains why, despite species richness often being greater per sample at deeper depths, the total number of species is greater at shallower depths. The greater number of communities and higher rate of evolution resulting in shorter species durations at shallower depths is also consistent with higher beta(1H) values. C1 [Buzas, Martin A.; Hayek, Lee-Ann C.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Culver, Stephen J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Hayward, Bruce W.] Geomarine Res, Auckland, New Zealand. [Osterman, Lisa E.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Buzas, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NHB MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM buzasm@si.edu FU Petroleum Research Fund FX We thank J. Jett for all her help. We thank M. Powell and an anonymous reviewer for improving the manuscript. We acknowledge the efforts of many previous workers whose data underpin this paper. Acknowledgement is also made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this research. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 172 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD WIN PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.1666/13010 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 287GH UT WOS:000329529500008 ER PT J AU Penna, D Ahmad, M Birks, SJ Bouchaou, L Brencic, M Butt, S Holko, L Jeelani, G Martinez, DE Melikadze, G Shanley, JB Sokratov, SA Stadnyk, T Sugimoto, A Vreca, P AF Penna, D. Ahmad, M. Birks, S. J. Bouchaou, L. Brencic, M. Butt, S. Holko, L. Jeelani, G. Martinez, D. E. Melikadze, G. Shanley, J. B. Sokratov, S. A. Stadnyk, T. Sugimoto, A. Vreca, P. TI A new method of snowmelt sampling for water stable isotopes SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE passive capillary sampler; snowmelt; water isotopes; snow core; snowmelt lysimeter ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; CLIMATE; FRACTIONATION; SNOWPACK AB We modified a passive capillary sampler (PCS) to collect snowmelt water for isotopic analysis. Past applications of PCSs have been to sample soil water, but the novel aspect of this study was the placement of the PCSs at the ground-snowpack interface to collect snowmelt. We deployed arrays of PCSs at 11 sites in ten partner countries on five continents representing a range of climate and snow cover worldwide. The PCS reliably collected snowmelt at all sites and caused negligible evaporative fractionation effects in the samples. PCS is low-cost, easy to install, and collects a representative integrated snowmelt sample throughout the melt season or at the melt event scale. Unlike snow cores, the PCS collects the water that would actually infiltrate the soil; thus, its isotopic composition is appropriate to use for tracing snowmelt water through the hydrologic cycle. The purpose of this Briefing is to show the potential advantages of PCSs and recommend guidelines for constructing and installing them based on our preliminary results from two snowmelt seasons. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Penna, D.] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. [Penna, D.] Free Univ Bozen Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol, Bozen Bolzano, Italy. [Ahmad, M.] IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Birks, S. J.] Technol Futures, Alberta Innovates, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Bouchaou, L.] Univ Ibn Zohr, Lab Appl Geol & Geoenvironm, Fac Sci, Agadir, Morocco. [Brencic, M.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Nat Sci & Engn, Dept Geol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Brencic, M.] Geol Survey Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Butt, S.] Pakistan Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Isotope Applicat Div, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Holko, L.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Hydrol, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia. [Jeelani, G.] Univ Kashmir, Dept Earth Sci, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India. [Martinez, D. E.] Natl Univ Mar del Plata, Inst Geol Costas & Cuaternario, IIMyC, CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. [Melikadze, G.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst Geophys, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Shanley, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Sokratov, S. A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Nat Risk Assessment Lab, Fac Geog, Moscow, Russia. [Sokratov, S. A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Lab Snow Avalanches & Debris Flows, Moscow, Russia. [Stadnyk, T.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Civil Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Sugimoto, A.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Vreca, P.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Penna, D (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. EM daniele.penna@unipd.it RI Sokratov, Sergey/A-6602-2011; Penna, Daniele/A-5084-2012; Ahmad, maqsood/F-5850-2015; OI Sokratov, Sergey/0000-0001-9265-2935; Penna, Daniele/0000-0001-6915-0697; MARTINEZ, Daniel Emilio/0000-0002-7640-1754 FU International Atomic Energy Agency Cooperative Research Project [F3.20.06] FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical and funding support of International Atomic Energy Agency Cooperative Research Project number F3.20.06 'Use of environmental isotopes in assessing water resources in snow, glacier, and permafrost dominated areas under changing climatic conditions', which made this project possible. We also thank Brent Newman for introducing us to the idea of using the PCS, Tomas Vitvar for useful discussions, and Manfred Jaklitsch and Joze Heric for their help with the PCS design. We also thank the many technicians and collaborators who helped with the field and experimental work at each nation's site, and the respective national funding agencies. We thank John Campbell (US Forest Service) for giving suggestions on an early version of the paper and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 22 BP 5637 EP 5644 DI 10.1002/hyp.10273 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AR9AH UT WOS:000343862400012 ER PT J AU Powers, SM Robertson, DM Stanley, EH AF Powers, S. M. Robertson, D. M. Stanley, E. H. TI Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Reservoir; lake; river; nutrient; nitrogen; phosphorus ID NUTRIENT SOURCES; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; STREAMS; RETENTION; NITRATE; BASIN; FLUX; DENITRIFICATION AB Recently, effects of lakes and reservoirs on river nutrient export have been incorporated into landscape biogeochemical models. Because annual export varies with precipitation, there is a need to examine the biogeochemical role of lakes and reservoirs over time frames that incorporate interannual variability in precipitation. We examined long-term (similar to 20years) time series of river export (annual mass yield, Y, and flow-weighted mean annual concentration, C) for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended sediment (TSS) from 54 catchments in Wisconsin, USA. Catchments were classified as small agricultural, large agricultural, and forested by use of a cluster analysis, and these varied in lentic coverage (percentage of catchment lake or reservoir water that was connected to river network). Mean annual export and interannual variability (CV) of export (for both Y and C) were higher in agricultural catchments relative to forested catchments for TP, TN, and TSS. In both agricultural and forested settings, mean and maximum annual TN yields were lower in the presence of lakes and reservoirs, suggesting lentic denitrification or N burial. There was also evidence of long-term lentic TP and TSS retention, especially when viewed in terms of maximum annual yield, suggesting sedimentation during high loading years. Lentic catchments had lower interannual variability in export. For TP and TSS, interannual variability in mass yield was often >50% higher than interannual variability in water yield, whereas TN variability more closely followed water (discharge) variability. Our results indicate that long-term mass export through rivers depends on interacting terrestrial, aquatic, and meteorological factors in which the presence of lakes and reservoirs can reduce the magnitude of export, stabilize interannual variability in export, as well as introduce export time lags. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Powers, S. M.; Stanley, E. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Robertson, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Powers, SM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, 1400 East Angela Blvd,Unit 117, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. EM powers_s@nd.edu OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596; Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0822700] FX We thank David Saad, and numerous others from the U.S. Geological Survey and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources who have helped collect and compile discharge and water quality records. Support was provided by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement to the North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research Program (NTL-LTER), #DEB-0822700. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 29 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 24 BP 5919 EP 5937 DI 10.1002/hyp.10083 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AT6GB UT WOS:000345036300009 ER PT J AU Creyts, TT Ferraccioli, F Bell, RE Wolovick, M Corr, H Rose, KC Frearson, N Damaske, D Jordan, T Braaten, D Finn, C AF Creyts, Timothy T. Ferraccioli, Fausto Bell, Robin E. Wolovick, Michael Corr, Hugh Rose, Kathryn C. Frearson, Nicholas Damaske, Detlef Jordan, Tom Braaten, David Finn, Carol TI Freezing of ridges and water networks preserves the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains for millions of years SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glaciology; Antarctica; ice sheet; freezing ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; RICH BASAL ICE; ON MECHANISM; EROSION; LANDSCAPE; MODEL; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT; PERSPECTIVE; GLACIATION AB Once an ice sheet grows beyond a critical thickness, the basal thermal regime favors melting and development of subglacial water networks. Subglacial water is necessary for bedrock erosion, but the exact mechanisms that lead to preservation of subglacial topography are unclear. Here we resolve the freezing mechanisms that lead to long-term, high-altitude preservation across the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in East Antarctica. Analyses of a comprehensive geophysical data set reveal a large-scale water network along valley floors. The ice sheet often drives subglacial water up steep topography where it freezes along high ridges beneath thinner ice. Statistical tests of hypsometry show the Gamburtsevs resemble younger midlatitude mountains, indicating exceptional preservation. We conclude that the Gamburtsevs have been shielded from erosion since the latest Eocene (approximate to 34 Ma). These freezing mechanisms likely account for the spatial and temporal patterns of erosion and preservation seen in other glaciated mountain ranges. C1 [Creyts, Timothy T.; Bell, Robin E.; Wolovick, Michael; Frearson, Nicholas] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ferraccioli, Fausto; Corr, Hugh; Jordan, Tom] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Rose, Kathryn C.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Damaske, Detlef] Geozentrum Hannover, BGR, Hannover, Germany. [Braaten, David] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Finn, Carol] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Creyts, TT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tcreyts@ldeo.columbia.edu FU U.S. NSF Polar Program; UK NERC; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Resources, Germany FX We thank field party members of the AGAP research campaign. We thank V.K. Pedersen and D.L. Egholm for providing hypsometric data for global mountain ranges. Members of Center For Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) kindly provided algorithms and data products used during this analysis. We are grateful to R. Alley, M. Fahnestock, G. Flowers, and C. Schoof for reviews of early versions of this manuscript. We are grateful for the help of H. Abdi with figure preparation. Radar data are served online by L-DEO and BAS. The resultant ice thickness data have been incorporated into BEDMAP2 project and are served online by BAS. We thank Stuart Thomson and an anonymous referee for constructive comments on this manuscript. This work was made possible through support from the U.S. NSF Polar Program, UK NERC, and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Resources, Germany. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 22 BP 8114 EP 8122 DI 10.1002/2014GL061491 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX0LT UT WOS:000346644600046 ER PT J AU Loperfido, JV Noe, GB Jarnagin, ST Hogan, DM AF Loperfido, J. V. Noe, Gregory B. Jarnagin, S. Taylor Hogan, Dianna M. TI Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stormwater best management practices; Low impact development; Distributed treatment systems; Urban hydrology; Land cover; Chesapeake Bay ID LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT; WATER MANAGEMENT; INFILTRATION; BASEFLOW; RUNOFF; PERFORMANCE AB Urban stormwater runoff remains an important issue that causes local and regional-scale water quantity and quality issues. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to mitigate runoff issues, traditionally in a centralized manner; however, problems associated with urban hydrology have remained. An emerging trend is implementation of BMPs in a distributed manner (multi-BMP treatment trains located on the landscape and integrated with urban design), but little catchment-scale performance of these systems have been reported to date. Here, stream hydrologic data (March, 2011September, 2012) are evaluated in four catchments located in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: one utilizing distributed stormwater BMPs, two utilizing centralized stormwater BMPs, and a forested catchment serving as a reference. Among urban catchments with similar land cover, geology and BMP design standards (i.e. 100-year event), but contrasting placement of stormwater BMPs, distributed BMPs resulted in: significantly greater estimated baseflow, a higher minimum precipitation threshold for stream response and maximum discharge increases, better maximum discharge control for small precipitation events, and reduced runoff volume during an extreme (1000-year) precipitation event compared to centralized BMPs. For all catchments, greater forest land cover and less impervious cover appeared to be more important drivers than stormwater BMP spatial pattern, and caused lower total, stormflow, and baseflow runoff volume; lower maximum discharge during typical precipitation events; and lower runoff volume during an extreme precipitation event. Analysis of hydrologic field data in this study suggests that both the spatial distribution of stormwater BMPs and land cover are important for management of urban stormwater runoff. In particular, catchment-wide application of distributed BMPs improved stream hydrology compared to centralized BMPs, but not enough to fully replicate forested catchment stream hydrology. Integrated planning of stormwater management, protected riparian buffers and forest land cover with suburban development in the distributed-BMP catchment enabled multi-purpose use of land that provided esthetic value and green-space, community gathering points, and wildlife habitat in addition to hydrologic stormwater treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Loperfido, J. V.; Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jarnagin, S. Taylor] US Environm Protect Agcy, ORD NERL ESD, Landscape Ecol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Loperfido, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jloperfido@usgs.gov; gnoe@usgs.gov; jarnagin.taylor@epa.gov; dhogan@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); United States Environmental Protection Agency [DW14921533, DW14921811, DW14922385]; Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection; Fairfax County, VA FX This work was supported by the following U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Programs: Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, Land Change Science, Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Studies, and the National Research Program. The authors appreciate contributions from Keith Van Ness (Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection); Annette Hall, Daniel K. Jones, and Brianna Hammond (USGS Eastern Geographic Science Center); John Jastram and Ken Hyer (USGS Virginia Water Science Center); Ed Doheny and Matt Baker (USGS Maryland-DelawareD.C. Water Science Center); Barry Croke for hydrologic discussions; and reviews from Bill Selbig, T.A. Endreny, and anonymous reviewers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. The streamflow data referenced in this document have been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreements DW14921533, DW14921811, and DW14922385 to the U.S. Geological Survey, Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection, and Fairfax County, VA. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 20 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 SI SI BP 2584 EP 2595 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007 PN C PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5ED UT WOS:000347595000019 ER PT J AU Sobieszczyk, S Keith, MK Rounds, SA Goldman, JH AF Sobieszczyk, Steven Keith, Mackenzie K. Rounds, Stewart A. Goldman, Jami H. TI Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 1 of 3: Estimating annual foliar biomass for a deciduous-dominant urban riparian corridor SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foliar biomass; Leaf litter; Foliage; LiDAR; Allometric equations; Organic matter ID LITTER BREAKDOWN; PINE FORESTS; LEAF-LITTER; STREAMS; LIDAR; PARAMETERS; WOODLAND; TREES; AREA AB For this study, we explored the amount, type, and distribution of foliar biomass that is deposited annually as leaf litter to Fanno Creek and its floodplain in Portland, Oregon, USA. Organic matter is a significant contributor to the decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations observed in Fanno Creek each year and leaf litter is amongst the largest sources of organic matter to the stream channel and floodplain. Using a combination of field measurements and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data, the annual foliar biomass was estimated for 13 stream reaches along the creek. Biomass estimates were divided into two sets: (1) the annual foliage available from the entire floodplain overstory canopy, and (2) the annual foliage overhanging the stream, which likely contributes leaf litter directly to the creek each year. Based on these computations, an estimated 991 (+/- 22%) metric tons (tonnes, t) of foliar biomass is produced annually above the floodplain, with about 136 t (+/- 24%) of that foliage falling directly into Fanno Creek. The distribution of foliar biomass varies by reach, with between 150 and 640 t/km(2) produced along the floodplain and between 400 and 1100 t/km(2) available over the channel. Biomass estimates vary by reach based primarily on the density of tree cover, with forest-dominant reaches containing more mature deciduous trees with broader tree canopies than either wetland or urban-dominant reaches, thus supplying more organic material to the creek. By quantifying the foliar biomass along Fanno Creek we have provided a reach-scale assessment of terrestrial organic matter loading, thereby providing land managers useful information for planning future restoration efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sobieszczyk, Steven; Keith, Mackenzie K.; Rounds, Stewart A.; Goldman, Jami H.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. RP Sobieszczyk, S (reprint author), 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM ssobie@usgs.gov OI Sobieszczyk, Steven/0000-0002-0834-8437 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3001 EP 3009 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.054 PN D PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600025 ER PT J AU Keith, MK Sobieszczyk, S Goldman, JH Rounds, SA AF Keith, Mackenzie K. Sobieszczyk, Steven Goldman, Jami H. Rounds, Stewart A. TI Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 2 of 3: Sources, sinks, and transport of organic matter with fine sediment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Organic matter; Erosion; Deposition; Total organic carbon; Suspended sediment loads; Urban stream ID BANK EROSION; TREE ROOTS; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; STREAM; RIVER; MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; WETLAND; USA AB Organic matter (OM) is abundant in Fanno Creek, Oregon, USA, and has been tied to a variety of water-quality concerns, including periods of low dissolved oxygen downstream in the Tualatin River, Oregon. The key sources of OM in Fanno Creek and other Tualatin River tributaries have not been fully identified, although isotopic analyses from previous studies indicated a predominantly terrestrial source. This study investigates the role of fine sediment erosion and deposition (mechanisms and spatial patterns) in relation to OM transport. Geomorphic mapping within the Fanno Creek floodplain shows that a large portion (approximately 70%) of the banks are eroding or subject to erosion, likely as a result of the imbalance caused by anthropogenic alteration. Field measurements of long- and short-term bank erosion average 4.2 cm/year and average measurements of deposition for the watershed are 4.8 cm/year. The balance between average annual erosion and deposition indicates an export of 3,250 metric tons (tonnes, t) of fine sediment to the Tualatin River-about twice the average annual export of 1,880 t of sediment at a location 2.4 km from the creek's mouth calculated from suspended sediment load regressions from continuous turbidity data and suspended sediment samples. Carbon content from field samples of bank material, combined with fine sediment export rates, indicates that about 29-67 t of carbon, or about 49-116 t of OM, from bank sediment may be exported to the Tualatin River from Fanno Creek annually, an estimate that is a lower bound because it does not account for the mass wasting of organic-rich O and A soil horizons that enter the stream. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keith, Mackenzie K.; Sobieszczyk, Steven; Goldman, Jami H.; Rounds, Stewart A.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Keith, MK (reprint author), 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM mkeith@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3010 EP 3027 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.027 PN D PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600026 ER PT J AU Goldman, JH Rounds, SA Keith, MK Sobieszczyk, S AF Goldman, Jami H. Rounds, Stewart A. Keith, Mackenzie K. Sobieszczyk, Steven TI Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 3 of 3: Identifying and quantifying sources of organic matter to an urban stream SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Organic matter; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Urban stream; Stable isotopes; FDOM; PARAFAC ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; CARBON; RIVER; DOM; SYSTEMS; MARINE; WASTE; ACIDS AB The sources, transport, and characteristics of organic matter (OM) in Fanno Creek, an urban stream in northwest Oregon, were assessed and quantified using: (1) optical instruments to calculate transported loads of dissolved, particulate, and total organic carbon, (2) fluorescence spectroscopy and stable isotope ratios (delta C-13, delta N-15) to elucidate sources and chemical properties of OM throughout the basin, and (3) synoptic sampling to investigate seasonal and hydrologic variations in the characteristics and quantity of OM. Results from this study indicate that of the roughly 324 (+/- 2.9%) metric tons (tonnes, t) of organic carbon exported from the basin during March 2012 to March 2013, most of the OM in Fanno Creek was dissolved (72%) and was present year-round at concentrations exceeding 3-4 milligrams of carbon per liter, whereas particulate carbon typically was mobilized and transported only by higher-flow conditions. The isotopic and fluorescence characteristics of Fanno Creek OM indicate that the carbon originates primarily from terrestrial inputs, most likely riparian vegetative biomass that enters the stream via litterfall and overland transport and then travels through the system episodically as a result of hydrologic processes. The amount of OM exported from the Fanno Creek drainage over the course of a year in this study is consistent with previous estimates of annual riparian litterfall in or near the creek. Although the creek channel is actively eroding, most bank material has too little OM for that to be a dominant source of OM to the stream. Fluorescence data revealed that the OM contains primarily humic and fulvic-like components that become less aromatic as the OM moves downstream. The most significant seasonal variation was associated with OM transported in the first storms of the autumn season (fall flush). That material was characteristically different, with a larger fraction of microbially derived OM that probably resulted from an accumulation of easy-to-mobilize and decomposing material in the streambed during previous months of summertime low-flow conditions. The first fall flush produced the highest concentrations of OM of the entire year, and the resulting load of mobilized and decomposing OM resulted in a significant oxygen demand immediately downstream in the Tualatin River. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goldman, Jami H.; Rounds, Stewart A.; Keith, Mackenzie K.; Sobieszczyk, Steven] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Goldman, JH (reprint author), 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM jgoldman@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3028 EP 3041 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.033 PN D PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600027 ER PT J AU Sacks, LA Lee, TM Swancar, A AF Sacks, Laura A. Lee, Terrie M. Swancar, Amy TI The suitability of a simplified isotope-balance approach to quantify transient groundwater-lake interactions over a decade with climatic extremes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Oxygen-18; Water budget; Florida; Groundwater inflow; Lake ID WATER-BALANCE; MASS-BALANCE; RESIDENCE TIMES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RIVER-BASIN; FLORIDA; PRECIPITATION; RATIOS; DELTA-O-18; PALEOCLIMATE AB Groundwater inflow to a subtropical seepage lake was estimated using a transient isotope-balance approach for a decade (2001-2011) with wet and dry climatic extremes. Lake water delta O-18 ranged from +0.80 parts per thousand to +3.48 parts per thousand, reflecting the 4 m range in stage. The transient delta O-18 analysis discerned large differences in semiannual groundwater inflow, and the overall patterns of low and high groundwater inflow were consistent with an independent water budget. Despite simplifying assumptions that the isotopic composition of precipitation (delta(P)), groundwater inflow, and atmospheric moisture (delta(A)) were constant, groundwater inflow was within the water-budget error for 12 of the 19 semiannual calculation periods. The magnitude of inflow was over or under predicted during periods of climatic extreme. During periods of high net precipitation from tropical cyclones and El Nino conditions, delta(P) values were considerably more depleted in O-18 than assumed. During an extreme dry period, delta(A) values were likely more enriched in O-18 than assumed due to the influence of local lake evaporate. Isotope balance results were most sensitive to uncertainties in relative humidity, evaporation, and delta O-18 of lake water, which can limit precise quantification of groundwater inflow. Nonetheless, the consistency between isotope-balance and water-budget results indicates that this is a viable approach for lakes in similar settings, allowing the magnitude of groundwater inflow to be estimated over less-than-annual time periods. Because lake-water delta O-18 is a good indicator of climatic conditions, these data could be useful in ground-truthing paleoclimatic reconstructions using isotopic data from lake cores in similar settings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sacks, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Castlegar, BC, Canada. [Lee, Terrie M.; Swancar, Amy] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr Tampa, Lutz, FL 33559 USA. RP Lee, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr Tampa, 4446 Pet Lane, Lutz, FL 33559 USA. EM tmlee@usgs.gov FU USGS; Southwest Florida Water Management District; [G11PX00054] FX Funding for this project was from cooperative studies between the USGS and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Contracted work for USGS was done under contract number G11PX00054. The authors are grateful to residents of Lake Starr, who allowed access to their property to support this study. We also thank Tyler Coplen and David Krabbenhoft, with the USGS, and an anonymous reviewer for improving early drafts of this manuscript. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3042 EP 3053 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.012 PN D PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600028 ER PT J AU Lee, TM Sacks, LA Swancar, A AF Lee, Terrie M. Sacks, Laura A. Swancar, Amy TI Exploring the long-term balance between net precipitation and net groundwater exchange in Florida seepage lakes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lake; Evaporation; Water balance; Net precipitation; Groundwater; Sustainable ID NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA; ENERGY-BUDGET METHOD; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VERTICAL CONDUCTANCE; UNITED-STATES; EVAPORATION; CLIMATE; USA; LEAKAGE; FLOW AB The long-term balance between net precipitation and net groundwater exchange that maintains thousands of seepage lakes in Florida's karst terrain is explored at a representative lake basin and then regionally for the State's peninsular lake district. The 15-year water budget of Lake Starr includes El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related extremes in rainfall, and provides the longest record of Bowen ratio energy-budget (BREB) lake evaporation and lake-groundwater exchanges in the southeastern United States. Negative net precipitation averaging -25 cm/yr at Lake Starr overturns the previously-held conclusion that lakes in this region receive surplus net precipitation. Net groundwater exchange with the lake was positive on average but too small to balance the net precipitation deficit. Groundwater pumping effects and surface-water withdrawals from the lake widened the imbalance. Satellite-based regional estimates of potential evapotranspiration at five large lakes in peninsular Florida compared well with basin-scale evaporation measurements from seven open-water sites that used BREB methods. The regional average lake evaporation estimated for Lake Starr during 1996-2011 was within 5% of its measured average, and regional net precipitation agreed within 10%. Regional net precipitation to lakes was negative throughout central peninsular Florida and the net precipitation deficit increased by about 20 cm from north to south. Results indicate that seepage lakes farther south on the peninsula receive greater net groundwater inflow than northern lakes and imply that northern lakes are in comparatively leakier hydrogeologic settings. Findings reveal the peninsular lake district to be more vulnerable than was previously realized to drier climate, surface-water withdrawals from lakes, and groundwater pumping effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Terrie M.; Swancar, Amy] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr Tampa, Lutz, FL 33559 USA. [Sacks, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Castlegar, BC, Canada. RP Lee, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr Tampa, 4446 Pet Lane, Lutz, FL 33559 USA. EM tmlee@usgs.gov FU Southwest Florida Water Management District through the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX This study and the long-term study of Lake Starr were the result of funding by the Southwest Florida Water Management District through the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the land owners in the Lake Starr basin who allowed us to use their property, and the members of Lake of the Hills Community Club. We also thank Jennifer Jacobs (Univ. New Hampshire), David Sumner, Barclay Shoemaker, Rick Spechler (USGS), and three anonymous reviewers for their reviews of the manuscript. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3054 EP 3068 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.009 PN D PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600029 ER PT J AU Fry, LM Gronewold, AD Fortin, V Buan, S Clites, AH Luukkonen, C Holtschlag, D Diamond, L Hunter, T Seglenieks, F Durnford, D Dimitrijevic, M Subich, C Klyszejko, E Kea, K Restrepo, P AF Fry, Lauren M. Gronewold, Andrew D. Fortin, Vincent Buan, Steven Clites, Anne H. Luukkonen, Carol Holtschlag, David Diamond, Laura Hunter, Timothy Seglenieks, Frank Durnford, Dorothy Dimitrijevic, Milena Subich, Christopher Klyszejko, Erika Kea, Kandace Restrepo, Pedro TI The Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project Phase 1: Lake Michigan (GRIP-M) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Large scale hydrologic modeling; Model comparison; Water budget; Laurentian Great Lakes ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; UNGAUGED BASINS; MODELING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS; HYDROLOGY; REGIONALIZATION AB We assembled and applied five models (one of which included three different configurations) to the Lake Michigan basin to improve our understanding of how differences in model skill at simulating total runoff to Lake Michigan relate to model structure, calibration protocol, model complexity, and assimilation (i.e. replacement of simulated discharge with discharge observations into historical simulations), and evaluate historical changes in runoff to Lake Michigan. We found that the performance among these models when simulating total runoff to the lake varied relatively little, despite variability in model structure, spatial representation, input data, and calibration protocol. Relatively simple empirical, assimilative models, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) area ratio-based model (ARM) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Analysis of Flows in Networks of CHannels (AFINCH) model, represent efficient and effective approaches to propagating discharge observations into basin-wide (including gaged and ungaged areas) runoff estimates, and may offer an opportunity to improve predictive models for simulating runoff to the Great Lakes. Additionally, the intercomparison revealed that the median of the simulations from non-assimilative models agrees well with assimilative models, suggesting that using a combination of different methodologies may be an appropriate approach for estimating runoff into the Great Lakes. We then applied one assimilative model (ARM) to the Lake Michigan basin and found that there was persistent reduction in the amount of precipitation that becomes runoff following 1998, corresponding to a period of persistent low Lake Michigan water levels. The study was conducted as a first phase of the Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project, a regional binational collaboration that aims to systematically and rigorously assess a variety of models currently used (or that could readily be adapted) to simulate basin-scale runoff to the North American Laurentian Great Lakes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fry, Lauren M.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fry, Lauren M.; Gronewold, Andrew D.; Clites, Anne H.; Hunter, Timothy] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fortin, Vincent; Dimitrijevic, Milena; Subich, Christopher] Environm Canada, Environm Numer Predict Res Sect, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Buan, Steven; Diamond, Laura; Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, North Cent River Forecast Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Luukkonen, Carol; Holtschlag, David] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. [Seglenieks, Frank] Environm Canada, Boundary Water Issues, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Durnford, Dorothy] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Klyszejko, Erika] Environm Canada, Water Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Kea, Kandace] Howard Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Fry, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lmfry@umich.edu OI Subich, Christopher/0000-0002-6839-7687; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; University of Michigan; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; NOAA-GLERL [1723] FX This work was partially completed under a post-doctoral fellowship with the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, awarded under a Cooperative Agreement between the University of Michigan and the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. This publication is NOAA-GLERL Contribution No. 1723. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3448 EP 3465 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.021 PN D PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600059 ER PT J AU Hanson, RT Lockwood, B Schmid, W AF Hanson, R. T. Lockwood, B. Schmid, Wolfgang TI Analysis of projected water availability with current basin management plan, Pajaro Valley, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Climate; Management; Integrated hydrologic models; Water allocation; Water recycling AB The projection and analysis of the Pajaro Valley Hydrologic Model (PVHM) 34 years into the future using MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) facilitates assessment of potential future water availability. The projection is facilitated by the integrated hydrologic model, MF-FMP that fully couples the simulation of the use and movement of water from precipitation, streamflow, runoff, groundwater flow, and consumption by natural and agricultural vegetation throughout the hydrologic system at all times. MF-FMP allows for more complete analysis of conjunctive-use water-resource systems than previously possible with MODFLOW by combining relevant aspects of the landscape with the groundwater and surface-water components. This analysis is accomplished using distributed cell-by-cell supply-constrained and demand-driven components across the landscape within "water-balance subregions" (WBS) comprised of one or more model cells that can represent a single farm, a group of farms, watersheds, or other hydrologic or geopolitical entities. Analysis of conjunctive use would be difficult without embedding the fully coupled supply-and-demand into a fully coupled simulation, and are difficult to estimate a priori. The analysis of projected supply and demand for the Pajaro Valley indicate that the current water supply facilities constructed to provide alternative local sources of supplemental water to replace coastal groundwater pumpage, but may not completely eliminate additional overdraft. The simulation of the coastal distribution system (CDS) replicates: 20 miles of conveyance pipeline, managed aquifer recharge and recovery (MARR) system that captures local runoff, and recycled-water treatment facility (RWF) from urban wastewater, along with the use of other blend water supplies, provide partial relief and substitution for coastal pumpage (aka in-lieu recharge). The effects of these Basin Management Plan (BMP) projects were analyzed subject to historical climate variations and assumptions of 2009 urban water demand and land use. Water supplied directly from precipitation, and indirectly from reuse, captured local runoff, and groundwater is necessary but inadequate to satisfy agricultural demand without coastal and regional storage depletion that facilitates seawater intrusion. These facilities reduce potential seawater intrusion by about 45% with groundwater levels in the four regions served by the CDS projected to recover to levels a few feet above sea level. The projected recoveries are not high enough to prevent additional seawater intrusion during dry-year periods or in the deeper aquifers where pumpage is greater. While these facilities could reduce coastal pumpage by about 55% of the historical 2000-2009 pumpage for these regions, and some of the water is delivered in excess of demand, other coastal regions continue to create demands on coastal pumpage that will need to be replaced to reduce seawater intrusion. In addition, inland urban and agricultural demands continue to sustain water levels below sea level causing regional landward gradients that also drive seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion is reduced by about 45% but it supplies about 55% of the recovery of groundwater levels in the coastal regions served by the CDS. If economically feasible, water from summer agricultural runoff and tile-drain returnflows could be another potential local source of water that, if captured and reused, could offset the imbalance between supply and demand as well as reducing discharge of agricultural runoff into the National Marine Sanctuary of Monterey Bay. A BMP update (2012) identifies projects and programs that will fund a conservation program and will provide additional, alternative water sources to reduce or replace coastal and inland pumpage, and to replenish the aquifers with managed aquifer recharge in an inland portion of the Pajaro Valley. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hanson, R. T.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92107 USA. [Lockwood, B.] Pajaro Valley Water Management Agcy, Watsonville, CA USA. [Schmid, Wolfgang] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92107 USA. EM rthanson@usgs.gov; blockwood@pvwma.sta; wolfgang.schmid@csiro.au RI Schmid, Wolfgang/H-9627-2013 OI Schmid, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6191-2781 FU Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the reviewers Derek Ryter (USGS) as well as the journal reviews from the anonymous reviewers and Paul Misut of the USGS. The authors would also like to thank Larry Schneider for the illustrations. This work was co-funded by Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.005 PN A PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500011 ER PT J AU Cole, JC Maloney, KO Schmid, M McKenna, JE AF Cole, Jeffrey C. Maloney, Kelly O. Schmid, Matthias McKenna, James E., Jr. TI Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: A case study on the Upper Delaware River SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal regime; River management; Lotic fish habitat; Time series analysis; Artificial Neural Networks; Mechanistic model ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; STREAM TEMPERATURE; WATER TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; NEURAL-NETWORKS; THERMAL REGIME; REGRESSION-MODEL; KLAMATH RIVER; NEW-BRUNSWICK; DAM REMOVAL AB Water temperature is an important driver of many processes in riverine ecosystems. If reservoirs are present, their releases can greatly influence downstream water temperatures. Models are important tools in understanding the influence these releases may have on the thermal regimes of downstream rivers. In this study, we developed and tested a suite of models to predict river temperature at a location downstream of two reservoirs in the Upper Delaware River (USA), a section of river that is managed to support a worldclass coldwater fishery. Three empirical models were tested, including a Generalized Least Squares Model with a cosine trend (GLScos), AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We also tested one mechanistic Heat Flux Model (HFM) that was based on energy gain and loss. Predictor variables used in model development included climate data (e.g., solar radiation, wind speed, etc.) collected from a nearby weather station and temperature and hydrologic data from upstream U.S. Geological Survey gages. Models were developed with a training dataset that consisted of data from 2008 to 2011; they were then independently validated with a test dataset from 2012. Model accuracy was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and index of agreement (d) statistics. Model forecast success was evaluated using baseline-modified prime index of agreement (md) at the one, three, and five day predictions. All five models accurately predicted daily mean river temperature across the entire training dataset (RMSE = 0.58-1.311, NSE = 0.99-0.97, d = 0.98-0.99); ARIMA was most accurate (RMSE = 0.57, NSE = 0.99), but each model, other than ARIMA, showed short periods of under- or over-predicting observed warmer temperatures. For the training dataset, all models besides ARIMA had overestimation bias (PBIAS = -0.10 to -1.30). Validation analyses showed all models performed well; the HFM model was the most accurate compared other models (RMSE = 0.92, both NSE = 0.98, d = 0.99) and the ARIMA model was least accurate (RMSE = 2.06, NSE = 0.92, d = 0.98); however, all models had an overestimation bias (PBIAS = -4.1 to -10.20). Aside from the one day forecast ARIMA model (md = 0.53), all models forecasted fairly well at the one, three, and five day forecasts (md = 0.77-0.96). Overall, we were successful in developing models predicting daily mean temperature across a broad range of temperatures. These models, specifically the GLScos, ANN, and HFM, may serve as important tools for predicting conditions and managing thermal releases in regulated river systems such as the Delaware River. Further model development may be important in customizing predictions for particular biological or ecological needs, or for particular temporal or spatial scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cole, Jeffrey C.; Maloney, Kelly O.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Schmid, Matthias] Univ Bonn, Dept Med Biometry, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [McKenna, James E., Jr.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Cole, JC (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM jccole@usgs.gov FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SCHM 2966/1-1]; U.S. Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) program; U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Census FX We thank James Serio, Erik Silldorf, and Peter Kolesar for discussions on river characteristics and current management practices in the system. We thank Barbara White for reviewing this manuscript. We thank the various weather station personnel, especially staff at the Northeast Climate Station for assisting us in obtaining available climate data from stations near the Delaware River. Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior's WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) program and the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Census. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The work of M. Schmid was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grant SCHM 2966/1-1. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058 PN A PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500048 ER PT J AU Madison, AM Ruark, MD Stuntebeck, TD Komiskey, MJ Good, LW Drummy, N Cooley, ET AF Madison, Allison M. Ruark, Matthew D. Stuntebeck, Todd D. Komiskey, Matthew J. Good, Lara W. Drummy, Nancy Cooley, Eric T. TI Characterizing phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained agricultural fields of eastern Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Tile drainage; Manure ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; MANURE APPLICATION; WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NONPOINT POLLUTION; FARMING PRACTICES; SURFACE WATERS; CLAY SOIL; LOSSES; TRANSPORT AB Artificial subsurface drainage provides an avenue for the rapid transfer of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to surface waters. This is of particular interest in eastern Wisconsin, where there is a concentrated population of dairy farms and high clay content soils prone to macropore development. Through collaboration with private landowners, surface and tile drainage was measured and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) losses at four field sites in eastern Wisconsin between 2005 and 2009. These sites, which received frequent manure applications, represent a range of crop management practices which include: two chisel plowed corn fields (CP1, CP2), a no-till corn-soybean field (NT), and a grazed pasture (GP). Subsurface drainage was the dominant pathway of water loss at each site accounting for 66-96% of total water discharge. Average annual flow-weighted (FW) TP concentrations were 0.88, 0.57, 0.21, and 1.32 mg L-1 for sites CP1, CP2, NT, and GP, respectively. Low TP concentrations at the NT site were due to tile drain interception of groundwater flow where large volumes of tile drainage water diluted the FW-TP concentrations. Subsurface pathways contributed between 17% and 41% of the TP loss across sites. On a drainage event basis, total drainage explained between 36% and 72% of the event DRP loads across CP1, CP2, and GP; there was no relationship between event drainflow and event DRP load at the NT site. Manure applications did not consistently increase P concentrations in drainflow, but annual FW-P concentrations were greater in years receiving manure applications compared to years without manure application. Based on these field measures, P losses from tile drainage must be integrated into field level P budgets and P loss calculations on heavily manured soils, while also acknowledging the unique drainage patterns observed in eastern Wisconsin. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Madison, Allison M.; Ruark, Matthew D.; Good, Lara W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stuntebeck, Todd D.; Komiskey, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Drummy, Nancy] Univ Wisconsin Extens Discovery Farms, Waupun, WI 53963 USA. [Cooley, Eric T.] Univ Wisconsin Extens Discovery Farms, Manitowoc, WI 54221 USA. RP Ruark, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ammadison@wisc.edu; mdruark@wisc.edu; tdstunte@usgs.gov; mjkomisk@usgs.gov; lwgood@wisc.edu; eric.cooley@ces.uwex.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 892 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.016 PN A PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500074 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Anning, DW AF Tillman, Fred D. Anning, David W. TI A data reconnaissance on the effect of suspended-sediment concentrations on dissolved-solids concentrations in rivers and tributaries in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; Water quality; Salinity ID PARTLY MIXED ESTUARY; FRANCISCO-BAY USA; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SALINITY; PRODUCTIVITY; GEOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE AB The Colorado River is one of the most important sources of water in the western United States, supplying water to over 35 million people in the U.S. and 3 million people in Mexico. High dissolved-solids loading to the River and tributaries are derived primarily from geologic material deposited in inland seas in the mid-to-late Cretaceous Period, but this loading may be increased by human activities. High dissolved solids in the River causes substantial damages to users, primarily in reduced agricultural crop yields and corrosion. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program was created to manage dissolved-solids loading to the River and has focused primarily on reducing irrigation-related loading from agricultural areas. This work presents a reconnaissance of existing data from sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) in order to highlight areas where suspended-sediment control measures may be useful in reducing dissolved-solids concentrations. Multiple linear regression was used on data from 164 sites in the UCRB to develop dissolved-solids models that include combinations of explanatory variables of suspended sediment, flow, and time. Results from the partial t-test, overall likelihood ratio, and partial likelihood ratio on the models were used to group the sites into categories of strong, moderate, weak, and no-evidence of a relation between suspended-sediment and dissolved-solids concentrations. Results show 68 sites have strong or moderate evidence of a relation, with drainage areas for many of these sites composed of a large percentage of clastic sedimentary rocks. These results could assist water managers in the region in directing field-scale evaluation of suspended-sediment control measures to reduce UCRB dissolved-solids loading. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.; Anning, David W.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum FX This study was supported by the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1020 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.020 PN A PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500086 ER PT J AU Jackson, TR Apte, SV Haggerty, R AF Jackson, Tracie R. Apte, Sourabh V. Haggerty, Roy TI Effect of multiple lateral cavities on stream solute transport under non-Fickian conditions and at the Fickian asymptote SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lateral cavity; Transient storage; Mean residence time; Non-Fickian transport; Stream solute transport ID TRANSIENT STORAGE; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; HEADWATER STREAMS; GROYNE FIELDS; FLOW; EXCHANGE; SURFACE; RETENTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION AB In field studies of solute transport, transient storage within lateral cavities and other stream features generates breakthrough curves (BTCs) with pronounced and persistent skewness. Current solute transport theory requires that the coefficient of skewness (CSK) decrease over time because the system eventually reaches Fickian conditions. However, published data show that CSK is constant in time. To aid development of solute transport theory that explains field observations, we quantify the effect of lateral cavities on solute transport under non-Fickian and Fickian conditions. Six hydrodynamics models were developed: one with no lateral cavities, three with lateral cavities in series, and two with lateral cavities in parallel. Results reveal that lateral cavities in series have longer tails and smaller peak concentrations compared to lateral cavities in parallel. Lateral cavities in series cause greater dispersion and require larger distances to reach Fickian conditions (x(Fick)) compared to lateral cavities in parallel. Cavity configuration has a greater influence on longitudinal dispersion and X-Fick than the number of cavities present. CSK changes with monitoring location and maximum CSK (= 10-20) near lateral cavities is higher than empirical estimates (approximate to 1.18). We postulate that adding more transient storage zones would increase channel complexity and yield closer results between simulated and empirical CSK, and testing this hypothesis warrants future research. Finally, while current models can obtain good fits to measured BTCs by parameterizing mass exchange rates and volume ratios, these parameters do not adequately describe the fundamental fluid mechanics driving exchange. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jackson, Tracie R.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Jackson, Tracie R.; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Apte, Sourabh V.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Inst Water & Watersheds, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jackson, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM tjackson@usgs.gov; sva@engr.orst.edu; haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 09-43570]; CUAHSI Pathfinder Fellowship FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, EAR 09-43570. Laboratory experiment results used to verify CFD models were obtained by T.R. Jackson, and funding for the flume study was provided by the CUAHSI Pathfinder Fellowship awarded to T.R. Jackson. We would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments, which have helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1707 EP 1722 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.036 PN B PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100039 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Lautz, LK Buckley, SF Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Lautz, Laura K. Buckley, Sean F. Lane, John W. TI Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surfacewater/groundwater interactions; Stream; Hyporheic; Thermal refugia; Heat tracing; Upwelling ID HYPORHEIC ZONE; SURFACE-WATER; TIME-SERIES; STREAMBED TEMPERATURES; LOWLAND STREAM; HEAT; FLUX; DISCHARGE; EXCHANGE; PATTERNS AB Groundwater upwelling to streams creates unique habitat by influencing stream water quality and temperature; upwelling zones also serve as vectors for contamination when groundwater is degraded. Temperature time series data acquired along vertical profiles in the streambed have been applied to simple analytical models to determine rates of vertical fluid flux. These models are based on the downward propagation characteristics (amplitude attenuation and phase-lag) of the surface diurnal signal. Despite the popularity of these models, there are few published characterizations of moderate-to-strong upwelling. We attribute this limitation to the thermodynamics of upwelling, under which the downward conductive signal transport from the streambed interface occurs opposite the upward advective fluid flux. Governing equations describing the advection-diffusion of heat within the streambed predict that under upwelling conditions, signal amplitude attenuation will increase, but, counterintuitively, phase-lag will decrease. Therefore the extinction (measurable) depth of the diurnal signal is very shallow, but phase lag is also short, yielding low signal to noise ratio and poor model sensitivity. Conversely, amplitude attenuation over similar sensor spacing is strong, yielding greater potential model sensitivity. Here we present streambed thermal time series over a range of moderate to strong upwelling sites in the Quash-net River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The predicted inverse relationship between phase-lag and rate of upwelling was observed in the field data over a range of conditions, but the observed phase-lags were consistently shorter than predicted. Analytical solutions for fluid flux based on signal amplitude attenuation return results consistent with numerical models and physical seepage meters, but the phase-lag analytical model results are generally unreasonable. Through numerical modeling we explore reasons why phase-lag may have been over-predicted by the analytical models, and develop guiding relations of diurnal temperature signal extinction depth based on stream diurnal signal amplitude, upwelling magnitude, and streambed thermal properties that will be useful in designing future experiments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Buckley, Sean F.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lautz, Laura K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Heroy Geol Lab 204, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Lautz, Laura/J-2274-2014 OI Lautz, Laura/0000-0002-5735-1114 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR-0901480] FX We thank Don Rosenberry, Jud Harvey, Geoffrey Delin, Paul Barlow, Ramon Naranjo and Denis LaBlanc for guidance and contributions to field data collection; additionally we thank Brendan Buskirk, Celicia Boyden, Alex Walker, Yuri Rupert, and Sarah Morton for field assistance. Conversations with Charles Luce were extremely helpful in elucidating fundamental principles. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources and Toxic Substance Hydrology Programs, and the National Science Foundation (EAR-0901480). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1739 EP 1751 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.030 PN B PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100041 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Racoviteanu, AE Tarboton, DG Sen Gupta, A Nigro, J Policelli, F Habib, S Tokay, M Shrestha, MS Bajracharya, S Hummel, P Gray, M Duda, P Zaitchik, B Mahat, V Artan, G Tokar, S AF Brown, M. E. Racoviteanu, A. E. Tarboton, D. G. Sen Gupta, A. Nigro, J. Policelli, F. Habib, S. Tokay, M. Shrestha, M. S. Bajracharya, S. Hummel, P. Gray, M. Duda, P. Zaitchik, B. Mahat, V. Artan, G. Tokar, S. TI An integrated modeling system for estimating glacier and snow melt driven streamflow from remote sensing and earth system data products in the Himalayas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Himalayas; Glacier melt; Energy balance; Stream flow ID BAND ALBEDO CONVERSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WATER AVAILABILITY; DEBRIS THICKNESS; MASS-BALANCE; ICE; BASIN; RIVER; TEMPERATURE AB Quantification of the contribution of the hydrologic components (snow, ice and rain) to river discharge in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is important for decision-making in water sensitive sectors, and for water resources management and flood risk reduction. In this area, access to and monitoring of the glaciers and their melt outflow is challenging due to difficult access, thus modeling based on remote sensing offers the potential for providing information to improve water resources management and decision making. This paper describes an integrated modeling system developed using downscaled NASA satellite based and earth system data products coupled with in-situ hydrologic data to assess the contribution of snow and glaciers to the flows of the rivers in the HKH region. Snow and glacier melt was estimated using the Utah Energy Balance (UEB) model, further enhanced to accommodate glacier ice melt over clean and debris-covered tongues, then meltwater was input into the USGS Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM). The two model components were integrated into Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint Sources modeling framework (BASINS) as a user-friendly open source system and was made available to countries in high Asia. Here we present a case study from the Langtang Khola watershed in the monsoon-influenced Nepal Himalaya, used to validate our energy balance approach and to test the applicability of our modeling system. The snow and glacier melt model predicts that for the eight years used for model evaluation (October 2003-September 2010), the total surface water input over the basin was 9.43 m, originating as 62% from glacier melt, 30% from snowmelt and 8% from rainfall. Measured streamflow for those years were 5.02 m, reflecting a runoff coefficient of 0.53. GeoSFM simulated streamflow was 5.31 m indicating reasonable correspondence between measured and model confirming the capability of the integrated system to provide a quantification of water availability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, M. E.; Nigro, J.; Policelli, F.; Habib, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Racoviteanu, A. E.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Paris, France. [Tarboton, D. G.; Sen Gupta, A.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Nigro, J.; Tokay, M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Shrestha, M. S.; Bajracharya, S.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Hummel, P.; Gray, M.; Duda, P.] AquaTerra Consultants, Decatur, GA USA. [Zaitchik, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mahat, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Artan, G.] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Tokar, S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM molly.brown@nasa.gov RI Sen Gupta, Avirup/L-8938-2014; Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; OI Sen Gupta, Avirup/0000-0001-5972-5186; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479; Racoviteanu, Adina/0000-0003-4954-1871 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France; Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance; Bureau for Democracy; Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance; U.S. Agency for International Development [AID-OFDA-T-11-00002] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Applied Sciences Program through its 2008 Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results Grant Number NNH08ZDA001N-DECISIONS. A. Racoviteanu's post-doctoral studies were supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France. This publication was made possible through partial support provided by the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms Award No. AID-OFDA-T-11-00002. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1859 EP 1869 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.050 PN B PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100051 ER PT J AU Liu, RS DeAngelis, DL Bryant, JP AF Liu, Rongsong DeAngelis, Donald L. Bryant, John P. TI Ratio-dependent functional response emerges from optimal foraging on a complex landscape SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Herbivore-vegetation dynamics; Predation refuges; Optimal foraging; Ratio dependence; Landscape complexity ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; MARINE FISH; REFUGES; POPULATION; RISK; HERBIVORES; ENRICHMENT; STABILITY AB A spatially implicit consumer-resource model, having the form of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur equations except for density-dependent loss on the consumer, is analyzed. Both the rates of resource intake and of mortality of the consumer are assumed to be proportional to the amount of risk it takes during foraging, and the consumer is assumed to take an amount of risk that maximizes its fitness as a tradeoff between growth and predation. Given these conditions, it is shown that a ratio-dependent functional response for the consumer-resource interaction emerges and that the system is highly stable. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bryant, John P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Liu, RS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM rliu1@uwyo.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 292 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.08.022 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR8ST UT WOS:000343845400005 ER PT J AU Saupe, EE Hendricks, JR Portell, RW Dowsett, HJ Haywood, A Hunter, SJ Lieberman, BS AF Saupe, E. E. Hendricks, J. R. Portell, R. W. Dowsett, H. J. Haywood, A. Hunter, S. J. Lieberman, B. S. TI Macroevolutionary consequences of profound climate change on niche evolution in marine molluscs over the past three million years SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic coastal plain; conservation palaeobiology; fundamental niche; macroevolution; mid-Pliocene warm period; Mollusca ID PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; ECOLOGICAL NICHE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; DIVERSITY GRADIENT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SCALE FEATURES; RANGE SHIFTS; DYNAMICS AB In order to predict the fate of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world, we must first understand how species adapt to new environmental conditions. The long-term evolutionary dynamics of species' physiological tolerances to differing climatic regimes remain obscure. Here, we unite palaeontological and neontological data to analyse whether species' environmental tolerances remain stable across 3 Myr of profound climatic changes using 10 phylogenetically, ecologically and developmentally diverse mollusc species from the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, USA. We additionally investigate whether these species' upper and lower thermal tolerances are constrained across this interval. We find that these species' environmental preferences are stable across the duration of their lifetimes, even when faced with significant environmental perturbations. The results suggest that species will respond to current and future warming either by altering distributions to track suitable habitat or, if the pace of change is too rapid, by going extinct. Our findings also support methods that project species' present-day environmental requirements to future climatic landscapes to assess conservation risks. C1 [Saupe, E. E.; Lieberman, B. S.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Saupe, E. E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Saupe, E. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Hendricks, J. R.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Hendricks, J. R.] Paleontol Res Inst, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Portell, R. W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Paleontol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dowsett, H. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Haywood, A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hunter, S. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Sellwood Grp Palaeoclimatol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Lieberman, B. S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Saupe, EE (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd,Room 120 Lindley Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM eesaupe@gmail.com OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU NSF GK-12 Fellowship; KU Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship; KU Biodiversity Institute Panorama Grant; John W. Wells Grant-in-Aids of Research; NSF [EF-1206757]; European Research Council under the European Union [278636] FX An NSF GK-12 Fellowship, KU Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship, KU Biodiversity Institute Panorama Grant and John W. Wells Grant-in-Aids of Research provided funding for this work to E. E. S. B. S. L. was supported by NSF grant no. EF-1206757. A. H. and S.J.H. acknowledge that the research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. NR 91 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1795 AR 20141995 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.1995 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AQ9VJ UT WOS:000343205200027 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Eckert, NL Bartsch, MR AF Larson, James H. Eckert, Nathan L. Bartsch, Michelle R. TI Intrinsic Variability in Shell and Soft Tissue Growth of the Freshwater Mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT-LENGTH RELATIONSHIPS; GREAT-LAKES; BIVALVE; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; UNIONIDAE; SURVIVAL; MOLLUSKS; AMMONIA; SESTON AB Freshwater mussels are ecologically and economically important members of many aquatic ecosystems, but are globally among the most imperiled taxa. Propagation techniques for mussels have been developed and used to boost declining and restore extirpated populations. Here we use a cohort of propagated mussels to estimate the intrinsic variability in size and growth rate of Lampsilis siliquoidea (a commonly propagated species). Understanding the magnitude and pattern of variation in data is critical to determining whether effects observed in nature or experimental treatments are likely to be important. The coefficient of variation (CV) of L. siliquoidea soft tissues (6.0%) was less than the CV of linear shell dimensions (25.1-66.9%). Size-weight relationships were best when mussel width (the maximum left-right dimension with both valves appressed) was used as a predictor, but 95% credible intervals on these predictions for soft tissues were similar to 145 mg wide (about 50% of the mean soft tissue mass). Mussels in this study were treated identically, raised from a single cohort and yet variation in soft tissue mass at a particular size class (as determined by shell dimensions) was still high. High variability in mussel size is often acknowledged, but seldom discussed in the context of mussel conservation. High variability will influence the survival of stocked juvenile cohorts, may affect the ability to experimentally detect sublethal stressors and may lead to incongruities between the effects that mussels have on structure (via hard shells) and biogeochemical cycles (via soft tissue metabolism). Given their imperiled status and longevity, there is often reluctance to destructively sample unionid mussel soft tissues even in metabolic studies (e.g., studies of nutrient cycling). High intrinsic variability suggests that using shell dimensions (particularly shell length) as a response variable in studies of sublethal stressors or metabolic processes will make confident identifications of smaller effect sizes difficult. C1 [Larson, James H.; Bartsch, Michelle R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Eckert, Nathan L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Genoa Natl Fish Hatchery, Genoa, WI USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112252 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112252 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT9ND UT WOS:000345253000011 PM 25411848 ER PT J AU Wasowski, J Jibson, RW Huang, RQ van Asch, T AF Wasowski, Janusz Jibson, Randall W. Huang, Runqiu van Asch, Theo TI Special Issue "The long-term geologic hazards in areas struck by large-magnitude earthquakes" Preface SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR IRPI Nat Res Council Inst Geohydrol Protect, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Jibson, Randall W.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [van Asch, Theo] Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Wasowski, J (reprint author), CNR IRPI Nat Res Council Inst Geohydrol Protect, Via Amendola 1221, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM j.wasowski@ba.irpi.cnr.it; jibson@usgs.gov; hrq@cdut.edu.cn; T.W.J.vanAsch@uu.nl NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 EI 1872-6917 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 182 SI SI BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.11.003 PN B PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA AX8AT UT WOS:000347133600001 ER PT J AU Ivory, SJ McGlue, MM Ellis, GS Lezine, AM Cohen, AS Vincens, A AF Ivory, Sarah J. McGlue, Michael M. Ellis, Geoffrey S. Lezine, Anne-Marie Cohen, Andrew S. Vincens, Annie TI Vegetation Controls on Weathering Intensity during the Last Deglacial Transition in Southeast Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL EAST-AFRICA; LAKE MALAWI; LATE QUATERNARY; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINFALL SEASONALITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TANGANYIKA; POLLEN; TANZANIA AB Tropical climate is rapidly changing, but the effects of these changes on the geosphere are unknown, despite a likelihood of climatically-induced changes on weathering and erosion. The lack of long, continuous paleo-records prevents an examination of terrestrial responses to climate change with sufficient detail to answer questions about how systems behaved in the past and may alter in the future. We use high-resolution records of pollen, clay mineralogy, and particle size from a drill core from Lake Malawi, southeast Africa, to examine atmosphere-biosphere-geosphere interactions during the last deglaciation (similar to 18-9 ka), a period of dramatic temperature and hydrologic changes. The results demonstrate that climatic controls on Lake Malawi vegetation are critically important to weathering processes and erosion patterns during the deglaciation. At 18 ka, afromontane forests dominated but were progressively replaced by tropical seasonal forest, as summer rainfall increased. Despite indication of decreased rainfall, drought-intolerant forest persisted through the Younger Dryas (YD) resulting from a shorter dry season. Following the YD, an intensified summer monsoon and increased rainfall seasonality were coeval with forest decline and expansion of drought-tolerant miombo woodland. Clay minerals closely track the vegetation record, with high ratios of kaolinite to smectite (K/S) indicating heavy leaching when forest predominates, despite variable rainfall. In the early Holocene, when rainfall and temperature increased (effective moisture remained low), open woodlands expansion resulted in decreased K/S, suggesting a reduction in chemical weathering intensity. Terrigenous sediment mass accumulation rates also increased, suggesting critical linkages among open vegetation and erosion during intervals of enhanced summer rainfall. This study shows a strong, direct influence of vegetation composition on weathering intensity in the tropics. As climate change will likely impact this interplay between the biosphere and geosphere, tropical landscape change could lead to deleterious effects on soil and water quality in regions with little infrastructure for mitigation. C1 [Ivory, Sarah J.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [McGlue, Michael M.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lezine, Anne-Marie] CNRS, LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Vincens, Annie] CNRS, CEREGE, Aix En Provence, France. RP Ivory, SJ (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM sarah_ivory@brown.edu OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [2009078688] FX Lake Malawi Drilling Project-Earth System History Program (NSF-EAR-0602404) funded field operations, logistics, and some laboratory analysis. NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (2009078688) provided student salary and tuition and some travel support for laboratory analysis. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112855 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112855 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX7UZ UT WOS:000347121300058 PM 25406090 ER PT J AU Merkes, CM McCalla, SG Jensen, NR Gaikowski, MP Amberg, JJ AF Merkes, Christopher M. McCalla, S. Grace Jensen, Nathan R. Gaikowski, Mark P. Amberg, Jon J. TI Persistence of DNA in Carcasses, Slime and Avian Feces May Affect Interpretation of Environmental DNA Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WATER; CONSERVATION; ERADICATION; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; BIOLOGY; DIET; RARE AB The prevention of non-indigenous aquatic invasive species spreading into new areas is a goal of many resource managers. New techniques have been developed to survey for species that are difficult to capture with conventional gears that involve the detection of their DNA in water samples (eDNA). This technique is currently used to track the invasion of bigheaded carps (silver carp and bighead carp; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and H. nobilis) in the Chicago Area Waterway System and Upper Mississippi River. In both systems DNA has been detected from silver carp without the capture of a live fish, which has led to some uncertainty about the source of the DNA. The potential contribution to eDNA by vectors and fomites has not been explored. Because barges move from areas with a high abundance of bigheaded carps to areas monitored for the potential presence of silver carp, we used juvenile silver carp to simulate the barge transport of dead bigheaded carp carcasses, slime residue, and predator feces to determine the potential of these sources to supply DNA to uninhabited waters where it could be detected and misinterpreted as indicative of the presence of live bigheaded carp. Our results indicate that all three vectors are feasible sources of detectable eDNA for at least one month after their deposition. This suggests that current monitoring programs must consider alternative vectors of DNA in the environment and consider alternative strategies to minimize the detection of DNA not directly released from live bigheaded carps. C1 [Merkes, Christopher M.] IAP Worldwide Serv Inc, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Merkes, Christopher M.; McCalla, S. Grace; Jensen, Nathan R.; Gaikowski, Mark P.; Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Merkes, CM (reprint author), IAP Worldwide Serv Inc, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM cmerkes@usgs.gov OI Merkes, Christopher/0000-0001-8191-627X; Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; IAP Worldwide Services FX Funding support for this work came from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriated funds (http://greatlakesrestoration.us). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Christopher M. Merkes was employed by IAP Worldwide Services at the time of the study. IAP Worldwide Services provided support in the form of salary for author Christopher M. Merkes but did not have any additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of the author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 63 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e113346 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0113346 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT8BL UT WOS:000345158700130 PM 25402206 ER PT J AU Cahill, JTS Hagerty, JJ Lawrence, DJ Klima, RL Blewett, DT AF Cahill, Joshua T. S. Hagerty, Justin J. Lawrence, David J. Klima, Rachel L. Blewett, David T. TI Surveying the South Pole-Aitken basin magnetic anomaly for remnant impactor metallic iron SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Impact processes; Infrared observations; Gamma ray spectroscopy; Regoliths ID LUNAR-PROSPECTOR; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; MELT BRECCIAS; SURFACE; ABUNDANCE; IMAGES; ORIGIN; SOILS; MOON; FEO AB The Moon has areas of magnetized crust ("magnetic anomalies"), the origins of which are poorly constrained. A magnetic anomaly near the northern rim of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin was recently postulated to originate from remnant metallic iron emplaced by the SPA basin-forming impactor. Here, we remotely examine the regolith of this SPA magnetic anomaly with a combination of Clementine and Lunar Prospector derived iron maps for any evidence of enhanced metallic iron content. We find that these data sets do not definitively detect the hypothesized remnant metallic iron within the upper tens of centimeters of the lunar regolith. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cahill, Joshua T. S.; Lawrence, David J.; Klima, Rachel L.; Blewett, David T.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Hagerty, Justin J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cahill, JTS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, SRE Mail Stop 200-W230,11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Joshua.Cahill@jhuapl.edu RI Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 FU LASER Program [NNH09AL71I]; PGG Program [NNX11AP51G] FX NASA supported this work through LASER Program Grant NNH09AL71I to J.J.H. and PG&G Program Grant NNX11AP51G to J.T.S.C. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 243 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.035 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT0OO UT WOS:000344635400003 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, SM Barnes, JW Sotin, C Soderblom, JM Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD McCord, TB AF MacKenzie, Shannon M. Barnes, Jason W. Sotin, Christophe Soderblom, Jason M. Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Phillip D. McCord, Thomas B. TI Evidence of Titan's climate history from evaporite distribution SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Titan, surface; Spectroscopy; Infrared observations; Geological processes ID CASSINI RADAR; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HUYGENS PROBE; ONTARIO LACUS; LANDING SITE; SURFACE; METHANE; LAKES; ATMOSPHERE; VIMS AB Water-ice-poor, 5-mu m-bright material on Saturn's moon Titan has previously been geomorphologically identified as evaporitic. Here we present a global distribution of the occurrences of the 5-mu m-bright spectral unit, identified with Cassini's Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) and examined with RADAR when possible. We explore the possibility that each of these occurrences are evaporite deposits. The 5-mu m-bright material covers 1% of Titan's surface and is not limited to the poles (the only regions with extensive, long-lived surface liquid). We find the greatest areal concentration to be in the equatorial basins Tui Regio and Hotel Regio. Our interpretations, based on the correlation between 5-mu m-bright material and lakebeds, imply that there was enough liquid present at some time to create the observed 5-mu m-bright material. We address the climate implications surrounding a lack of evaporitic material at the south polar basins: if the south pole basins were filled at some point in the past, then where is the evaporite? (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [MacKenzie, Shannon M.; Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Soderblom, Jason M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR6112, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] CEA Saclay, Ctr Orme Merisiers, DAPNIA Sap, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baines, Kevin H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Phillip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McCord, Thomas B.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP MacKenzie, SM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mack3108@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 FU NASA [NNX12AC28G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions to the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA Cassini Data Analysts and Participating Scientists (CDAPS) Grant #NNX12AC28G to JWB. C.S. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute. Part of this work was conducted at JPL/Caltech under contract with NASA. NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 243 BP 191 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.022 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT0OO UT WOS:000344635400017 ER PT J AU Shirzaei, M Burgmann, R Uchida, N Hu, Y Pollitz, F Matsuzawa, T AF Shirzaei, M. Buergmann, R. Uchida, N. Hu, Y. Pollitz, F. Matsuzawa, T. TI Seismic versus aseismic slip: Probing mechanical properties of the northeast Japan subduction zone SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE postseismic deformation; Tohoku earthquake; rate state friction law ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; POSTSEISMIC RELAXATION; FRICTION LAWS; HAYWARD FAULT; TRENCH AXIS; CREEP; AFTERSHOCKS; MEGATHRUST; PARKFIELD; SUMATRA AB Fault slip may involve slow aseismic creep and fast seismic rupture, radiating seismic waves manifested as earthquakes. These two complementary behaviors accommodate the long-term plate convergence of major subduction zones and are attributed to fault frictional properties. It is conventionally assumed that zones capable of seismic rupture on the subduction megathrust are confined to between about 10 to 50 km depth; however, the actual spatiotemporal distribution of fault mechanical parameters remains elusive for most subduction zones. The 2011 Tohoku M-w 9.0 earthquake ruptured with >50 m slip up to the trench, thus challenging this conventional assumption, and provides a unique opportunity to probe the mechanical properties of the Japan subduction zone. Drawing on the inferred distribution of coseismic and postseismic slip, it has recently been suggested that portions of the megathrust are capable of switching between seismic and aseismic behavior. Kinematic models of the coseismic rupture and 15-month postseismic afterslip of this event suggest that the coseismic rupture triggered widespread frictional afterslip with equivalent moment magnitude of 8.17-8.53, in addition to viscoelastic relaxation in the underlying mantle. The identified linear relation between modeled afterslip, slip inferred from repeating earthquakes on the plate interface, and the cumulative number of aftershocks within 15 km distance of the subduction thrust suggests that most aftershocks are a direct result of afterslip. We constrain heterogeneous rate-state friction parameters of the subduction thrust from the computed coseismic stress changes and afterslip response. Our results indicate a variable pattern along dip and strike, characterizing areas down-dip and south of the main rupture zone as having velocity-strengthening properties. In agreement with seismic tomographic models of plate boundary elastic properties and geologic evidence for previous M > 8.5 megathrust earthquakes on this section of the plate boundary, we suggest that the obtained pattern of the frictional properties is characteristic of subducted material and thus persistent in time and space. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shirzaei, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85004 USA. [Buergmann, R.; Hu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Uchida, N.; Matsuzawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Pollitz, F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shirzaei, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85004 USA. EM Shirzaei@asu.edu RI Uchida, Naoki/D-6103-2012 OI Uchida, Naoki/0000-0002-4220-9625 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 406 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.035 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AS3YO UT WOS:000344211200002 ER PT J AU Brown, AJ Piqueux, S Titus, TN AF Brown, Adrian J. Piqueux, Sylvain Titus, Timothy N. TI Interannual observations and quantification of summertime H2O ice deposition on the Martian CO2 ice south polar cap SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; poles; H2O ice; CO2 ice; radiative transfer; snow ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEASONAL WATER CYCLE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MARS; BEHAVIOR; VAPOR; SUBLIMATION; INSTABILITY AB The spectral signature of water ice was observed on Martian south polar cap in 2004 by the Observatoire pour l'Mineralogie, l'Eau les Glaces et l'Activite (OMEGA) (Bibring et al., 2004). Three years later, the OMEGA instrument was used to discover water ice deposited during southern summer on the polar cap (Langevin et al., 2007). However, temporal and spatial variations of these water ice signatures have remained unexplored, and the origins of these water deposits remains an important scientific question. To investigate this question, we have used observations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft of the southern cap during austral summer over four Martian years to search for variations in the amount of water ice. We report below that for each year we have observed the cap, the magnitude of the H2O ice signature on the southern cap has risen steadily throughout summer, particularly on the west end of the cap. The spatial extent of deposition is in disagreement with the current best simulations of deposition of water ice on the south polar cap (Montmessin et al., 2007). This increase in water ice signatures is most likely caused by deposition of atmospheric H2O ice and a set of unusual conditions makes the quantification of this transport flux using CRISM close to ideal. We calculate a 'minimum apparent' amount of deposition corresponding to a thin H2O ice layer of 0.2 mm (with 70% porosity). This amount of H2O ice deposition is 0.6-6% of the total Martian atmospheric water budget. We compare our 'minimum apparent' quantification with previous estimates. This deposition process may also have implications for the formation and stability of the southern CO2 ice cap, and therefore play a significant role in the climate budget of modern day Mars. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Adrian J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Piqueux, Sylvain] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Brown, AJ (reprint author), SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM abrown@seti.org FU NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX11AN41G, NNX13AJ73G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank the entire CRISM Team, particularly the Science Operations team at JHU APL. We also thank Ted Roush for supplying the palagonite optical constants and Franck Marchis and Peter Jenniskens and referees Yves Langevin and Francois Forget for helpful comments on the manuscript. This investigation was partially funded by NASA Mars Data Analysis Program Grants NNX11AN41G and NNX13AJ73G administered by Mitch Schulte. Piqueux' contribution was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 406 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.039 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AS3YO UT WOS:000344211200011 ER PT J AU Breyta, R Jones, A Kurath, G AF Breyta, Rachel Jones, Amelia Kurath, Gael TI Differential susceptibility in steelhead trout populations to an emergent MD strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE IHNV; Steelhead trout; Heterogeneous landscape; Host susceptibility ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA WALBAUM; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; WASHINGTON-STATE; INCUBATION BOXES; TRANSMISSION; FISH; IHNV AB A significant emergence of trout-adapted MD subgroup infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) began in the coastal region of Washington State, USA, in 2007. This emergence event lasted until 2011 and caused both asymptomatic adult fish infection and symptomatic epidemic disease and mortality in juvenile fish. Incidence of virus during this emergence demonstrated a heterogeneous distribution among rivers of the coastal region, leaving fish populations of some rivers apparently untouched while others suffered significant and recurrent infection and mortality (Breyta et. al. 2013; Dis Aquat Org 104: 179-195). In this study, we examined the possible contribution of variations in susceptibility of fish populations, age-related resistance, and virus virulence to the observed landscape heterogeneity. We found that the most significant variable was host susceptibility: by controlled experimental challenge studies steelhead trout populations with no history of IHNV infection were 1 to 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than a fish population with a long history of IHNV infection. In addition, 2 fish populations from the same river, which descended relatively recently from a common ancestral population, demonstrated 1 to 2 orders of magnitude difference in susceptibility. Fish age-related development of resistance was most evident in the more susceptible of 2 related fish populations. Finally, the strain of virus involved in the 2007 coastal Washington emergence had high virulence but was within the range of other known M group viruses tested. These results suggest that one major driver of landscape heterogeneity in the 2007 coastal Washington IHNV emergence was variation in fish population susceptibility and that this trait may have a heritable component. C1 [Breyta, Rachel; Jones, Amelia; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Breyta, Rachel; Kurath, Gael] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Breyta, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rbjmax@uw.edu FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Quinault Indian Nation, and Hatchery Reform Initiative NWIFC [10HR E-1] FX Many thanks to partners in the Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, the Quinault Nation, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, for supplying virus field isolates and fish for controlled studies; to Paige Barlow for help with arcGIS map creation, and to Loveday Conquest for her statistical advice. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Quinault Indian Nation, and Hatchery Reform Initiative NWIFC Contract No. 10HR E-1. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 14 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.3354/dao02781 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AU6EU UT WOS:000345697000003 PM 25392039 ER PT J AU Wakie, TT Evangelista, PH Jarnevich, CS Laituri, M AF Wakie, Tewodros T. Evangelista, Paul H. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Laituri, Melinda TI Mapping Current and Potential Distribution of Non-Native Prosopis juliflora in the Afar Region of Ethiopia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; THRESHOLD SELECTION; VEGETATION INDEXES; INVASION; PREDICTION; IMPACTS; HABITAT; MAXENT; RANGE AB We used correlative models with species occurrence points, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices, and topo-climatic predictors to map the current distribution and potential habitat of invasive Prosopis juliflora in Afar, Ethiopia. Time-series of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Indices (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) with 250 m(2) spatial resolution were selected as remote sensing predictors for mapping distributions, while WorldClim bioclimatic products and generated topographic variables from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission product (SRTM) were used to predict potential infestations. We ran Maxent models using non-correlated variables and the 143 species-occurrence points. Maxent generated probability surfaces were converted into binary maps using the 10-percentile logistic threshold values. Performances of models were evaluated using area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Our results indicate that the extent of P. juliflora invasion is approximately 3,605 km(2) in the Afar region (AUC = 0.94), while the potential habitat for future infestations is 5,024 km(2) (AUC = 0.95). Our analyses demonstrate that time-series of MODIS vegetation indices and species occurrence points can be used with Maxent modeling software to map the current distribution of P. juliflora, while topo-climatic variables are good predictors of potential habitat in Ethiopia. Our results can quantify current and future infestations, and inform management and policy decisions for containing P. juliflora. Our methods can also be replicated for managing invasive species in other East African countries. C1 [Wakie, Tewodros T.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wakie, Tewodros T.; Evangelista, Paul H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Laituri, Melinda] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wakie, TT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tewodros@lamar.colostate.edu RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 FU National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2010-03280]; U.S. Forest Service International Program FX Tewodros Wakie acknowledges support from the National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (Award Number-2010-03280). Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Forest Service International Program (http://www. fs.fed.us/global/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 13 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112854 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112854 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY6YT UT WOS:000347709300114 PM 25393396 ER PT J AU Han, LF Plummer, LN Aggarwal, P AF Han, Liang-Feng Plummer, L. Niel Aggarwal, Pradeep TI The curved C-14 vs. delta C-13 relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon:A useful tool for groundwater age-and geochemical interpretations SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater dating; Radiocarbon; Models; Relationship of C-14 and delta C-13 values of dissolved inorganic carbon ID ISOTOPE-EXCHANGE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CHALK GROUNDWATER; H2O-CO2 SOLUTIONS; NATURAL-WATER; AQUIFER; SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; MINERALS AB Determination of the C-14 content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is useful for dating of groundwater. However, in addition to radioactive decay, the C-14 content in DIC (C-14(DIC)) can be affected by many geochemical and physical processes and numerous models have been proposed to refine radiocarbon ages of DIC in groundwater systems.Changes in the delta C-13 content of DIC (delta C-13(DIC)) often can be used to deduce the processes that affect the carbon isotopic composition of DIC and the C-14 value during the chemical evolution of groundwater. This paper shows that a curved relationship of C-14(DIC) vs.delta C-13(DIC) will be observed for groundwater systems if (1) the change in delta C-13 value in DIC is caused by a first-order or pseudo-first-order process, e.g.isotopic exchange between DIC and solid carbonate, (2) the reaction/process progresses with the ageing of the groundwater, i.e.with decay of C-14 in DIC, and (3) the magnitude of the rate of change in delta C-13 of DIC is comparable with that of C-14 decay.In this paper,we use a lumped parameter method to derive a model based on the curved relationship between C-14(DIC) and delta C-13(DIC).The derived model, if used for isotopic exchange between DIC and solid carbonate, is identical to that derived by Gonfiantini and Zuppi (2003).The curved relationship of C-14(DIC) vs. delta C-13(DIC) can be applied to interpret the age of the DIC in groundwater.Results of age calculations using the Method discussed in this paper are compared with those obtained by using other methods that calculate the age of DIC based on adjusted initial radiocarbon values for individual samples.This paper shows that in addition to groundwater age interpretation,the lumped parameter method presented here also provides a useful tool for geochemical interpretations, e.g.estimation of apparent rates of geochemical reactions and revealing the complexity of the geochemical environment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Liang-Feng; Aggarwal, Pradeep] IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Han, LF (reprint author), IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM L.F.Han@hotmail.com RI aggarwal, pradeep/C-8367-2016 OI aggarwal, pradeep/0000-0001-5970-1408 NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 387 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.026 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU2IK UT WOS:000345441200011 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Mills, CT Morrison, JM Stricker, CA Mushet, DM LaBaugh, JW AF Goldhaber, Martin B. Mills, Christopher T. Morrison, Jean M. Stricker, Craig A. Mushet, David M. LaBaugh, James W. TI Hydrogeochemistry of prairie pothole region wetlands: Role of long-term critical zone processes SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prairie pothole region; Wetland sulfur geochemistry; Wetland geochemistry; Cottonwood Lake; Stutsman County, ND; Kidder County, ND ID COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; NORTH-DAKOTA; GLACIATED PLAINS; CRETACEOUS SHALES; CLAYEY TILL; SULFUR; GROUNDWATER; AMERICA; DYNAMICS; RECHARGE AB This study addresses the geologic and hydrogeochemical processes operating at a range of scales within the prairie pothole region (PPR). The PPR is a 750,000 km(2) portion of north central North America that hosts millions of small wetlands known to be critical habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife. At a local scale, we characterized the geochemical evolution of the 92-ha Cottonwood Lake study area (CWLSA), located in North Dakota, USA. Critical zone processes are the long-term determinant of wetland water and groundwater geochemistry via the interaction of oxygenated groundwater with pyrite in the underlying glacial till. Pyrite oxidation produced a brown, iron oxide-bearing surface layer locally over 13 m thick and an estimated minimum of 1.3 x 10(10)g sulfate (SO42-) at CWLSA. We show that the majority of this SO(4)(2-)now resides in solid-phase gypsum(CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O) and gypsumsaturated groundwater. Results from the CWLSA were scaled up to a 9700 km(2) area surrounding CWLSA using similar to 1800 drill logs and literature data on wetland water chemistry for 178 wetlands within this larger area. The oxidized brown zone depth and wetland water compositional trends are very similar to the CWLSA. Additionally, surface water data from 176 southern Canadian pothole wetlands that conform to the same wetland water geochemical trends as those recorded in the CWLSA further corroborate that SO4 (2 -)accumulation driven by pyrite oxidation is a nearly ubiquitous process in the prairie pothole region and distinguishes PPR wetlands from other wetlands worldwide that have a similar overall hydrology. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80224 USA. [Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80224 USA. [Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [LaBaugh, James W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80224 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey. FX We thank George Breit for assistance with the XRD analyses and Carma San Juan for guidance with GIS analysis. We thank Caleb Balas, JoAnn Holloway, Kevin Smith, Raymond Finocchiaro, and Chip Euliss for sampling support and helpful discussions. Monique Adams and Cayce Gulbransen provided outstanding chemical analytical support. Don Rosenberry provided extremely helpful guidance with hydrology of the CWLSA. We especially want to acknowledge Tom Winter who passed away during the course of this research for his generous guidance in all matters regarding the prairie pothole region. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 387 BP 170 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.023 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU2IK UT WOS:000345441200016 ER PT J AU Read, JS Winslow, LA Hansen, GJA Van den Hoek, J Hanson, PC Bruce, LC Markfort, CD AF Read, Jordan S. Winslow, Luke A. Hansen, Gretchen J. A. Van den Hoek, Jamon Hanson, Paul C. Bruce, Louise C. Markfort, Corey D. TI Simulating 2368 temperate lakes reveals weak coherence in stratification phenology SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Limnology; Climate change; Water temperature; Lake temperature modeling; Coherence; Stratification ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ICE COVER; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; HABITAT; QUALITY; CONSERVATION AB Changes in water temperatures resulting from climate warming can alter the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Lake-specific physical characteristics may play a role in mediating individual lake responses to climate. Past mechanistic studies of lake-climate interactions have simulated generic lake classes at large spatial scales or performed detailed analyses of small numbers of real lakes. Understanding the diversity of lake responses to climate change across landscapes requires a hybrid approach that couples site-specific lake characteristics with broad-scale environmental drivers. This study provides a substantial advancement in lake ecosystem modeling by combining open-source tools with freely available continental-scale data to mechanistically model daily temperatures for 2368 Wisconsin lakes over three decades (1979-2011). The model accurately predicted observed surface layer temperatures (RMSE: 1.74 degrees C) and the presence/absence of stratification (81.1% agreement). Among-lake coherence was strong for surface temperatures and weak for the timing of stratification, suggesting individual lake characteristics mediate some - but not all - ecologically relevant lake responses to climate. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Winslow, Luke A.; Hansen, Gretchen J. A.; Hanson, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Sci Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Van den Hoek, Jamon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bruce, Louise C.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Markfort, Corey D.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Read, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM jread@usgs.gov RI Markfort, Corey/A-1217-2012; OI Markfort, Corey/0000-0003-3168-9149; Read, Jordan/0000-0002-3888-6631 FU U.S. Geological Survey NCCWSC [10909172]; NSF [DEB-0941510, DEB-0822700, IIS-1344272]; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-95-P]; U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics FX This study was funded by U.S. Geological Survey NCCWSC grant 10909172, NSF grant DEB-0941510 (Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network), the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-95-P), the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, and NSF grants DEB-0822700 (North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research), and IIS-1344272 (INSPIRE). Mathew Hipsey and Casper Boon (the Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics group at The University of Western Australia) shared modeling and development expertise for GLM. We thank Jereme Gaeta, Steven Greb, Matthew Diebel, Alex Latzka, Emily Stanley, Kevin Rose, Dale Robertson, Emily Read, David Blodgett, Ivan Suftin, Jordan Walker, Meredith Pavlick Warren, and Jake Vander Zanden for their contributions to this manuscript. Tim Kratz and Stephen Carpenter helped improve this article with thoughtful reviews. Two anonymous reviewers contributed substantially to the improvement of our original manuscript. We also thank the Ecological Modeling editorial staff. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 291 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.029 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR2AU UT WOS:000343386500013 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Glenn, JA Winton, JR Batts, WN Gregg, JL Hershberger, PK AF Emmenegger, Eveline J. Glenn, Jolene A. Winton, James R. Batts, William N. Gregg, Jacob L. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Molecular identification of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) from the blood of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Erythrocytic necrosis virus; VEN; Herring; Iridovirus; Fish disease ID VIRAL-HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FAMILY-IRIDOVIRIDAE; ATLANTIC COD; DNA VIRUSES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; HARENGUS-PALLASI; ORNAMENTAL FISH; REACTION ASSAY AB Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a condition affecting the red blood cells of more than 20 species of marine and anadromous fishes in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Among populations of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) on the west coast of North America the disease causes anemia and elevated mortality in periodic epizootics. Presently, VEN is diagnosed by observation of typical cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in stained blood smears from infected fish. The causative agent, erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), is unculturable and a presumed iridovirus by electron microscopy. In vivo amplification of the virus in pathogen-free laboratory stocks of Pacific herring with subsequent virus concentration, purification, DNA extraction, and high-throughput sequencing were used to obtain genomic ENV sequences. Fragments with the highest sequence identity to the family Iridoviridae were used to design four sets of ENV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. Testing of blood and tissue samples from experimentally and wild infected Pacific herring as well as DNA extracted from other amphibian and piscine iridoviruses verified the assays were specific to ENV with a limit of detection of 0.0003 ng. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of a 1448 bp fragment of the putative DNA polymerase gene supported inclusion of ENV in a proposed sixth genus of the family Iridoviridae that contains other erythrocytic viruses from ectothermic hosts. This study provides the first molecular evidence of ENV's inclusion within the Iridoviridae family and offers conventional PCR assays as a means of rapidly surveying the ENV-status of wild and propagated Pacific herring stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Glenn, Jolene A.; Winton, James R.; Batts, William N.] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gregg, Jacob L.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WFRC, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; US Geological Survey FX The authors thank Phillip San Miguel, Rick Westerman, Viktoria Krasnyanskaya, and Sam Martin of the Purdue University Genomics Core Facility for their expert assistance and advice. We are also much obliged to Kyle Garver of the Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia for his efforts in screening samples on the Pan-Viral microarray. Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 070819 and US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.028 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA AT8JT UT WOS:000345180500003 PM 25263493 ER PT J AU Lough, RG Aretxabaleta, A AF Lough, R. Gregory Aretxabaleta, Alfredo TI Transport and retention of vertically migrating adult mysid and decapod shrimp in the tidal front on Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Neomysis; Crangon; Vertical distribution; Migration; Tidal front; Georges Bank ID NEOMYSIS-AMERICANA; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; SOUTHERN FLANK; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; MODEL; COD; EMERGENCE; LARVAE; MAINE AB Vertical profiles of the adult epibenthic shrimp Neomysis americana and Crangon septemspinosus obtained during June 1985 were used to simulate possible rates of ascent from bottom (40 to 50 m) to near surface at night and return by day, and the consequence of these rates on their horizontal distribution. Numerical particles were released at the sampling site using archived model current fields with specified vertical rates (from no swim behavior to 20 mm s(-1)) and tracked for up to 30 d. The best match between observed and modeled vertical profiles was with a vertical swimming speed of 10 mm s(-1) for N. americana and 2 mm s(-1) for C. septemspinosus. Whereas N. americana rapidly swims towards the surface at dusk and descends to bottom by dawn, C. septemspinosus tends to only swim up to the middle of the water column at night. After 16 d, the simulation with 10 mm s(-1) swim speed showed most particles were concentrated in an area centered around the 60 m isobath, where the tidal front was located. At 2 mm s(-1) swim speed particles were concentrated more shoalward onto the western end of Georges Bank. N. americana are expected to be more closely associated with the tidal front, since they spend more time near the front surface convergence, but are more likely to be transported off the bank due to the south-westward-flowing surface tidal jet, whereas C. septemspinosus would be retained primarily on the bank, since they are found deeper in the water column during both day and night. C1 [Lough, R. Gregory] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gregory.lough@noaa.gov OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 514 BP 119 EP 135 DI 10.3354/meps10977 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6GC UT WOS:000345700700009 ER PT J AU Zeug, SC Brodsky, A Kogut, N Stewart, AR Merz, JE AF Zeug, Steven C. Brodsky, Annie Kogut, Nina Stewart, A. Robin Merz, Joseph E. TI Ancient fish and recent invaders: white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus diet response to invasive-species-mediated changes in a benthic prey assemblage SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Overbite clam; Potamocorbula amurensis; San Francisco Estuary; Stable isotope analysis; Gut content analysis; Food web; Mixing model; California ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; NORTH-AMERICAN STURGEONS; ISOTOPE MIXING MODELS; REMARKABLE INVASION; CORBULA-AMURENSIS; TROPHIC POSITION; STABLE ISOTOPES; PALLID STURGEON; FOOD WEBS AB Invasive organisms can have significant impacts on native species, and the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, USA, is one of the world's most invaded estuaries. Decline of native white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus abundance in the SFE has been acknowledged, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Invasion by the overbite clam Potamocorbula amurensis has drastically altered the SFE benthic prey community, yet little is known about how this change has affected sturgeon diets. We investigated changes in the diet of white sturgeon following the overbite clam invasion and subsequent shift in the SFE benthic prey assemblage. Gut content analysis was used to compare white sturgeon prey composition and importance between the pre- and post-invasion periods. Additionally, stable isotope analysis was employed to estimate the assimilation of prey items to sturgeon biomass. Overbite clams dominated diets in the post-invasion period, accounting for 82 to 93% of total volume. Stable isotope analysis confirmed the importance of this prey item, although their assimilated contribution to sturgeon biomass was estimated to be less (70 to 83%) than gut contents indicated. The frequency of fish in white sturgeon guts increased in the post-invasion period, and isotope analysis indicated relatively large contributions of fish to sturgeon biomass (3.7 to 19%). The trophic adaptability of white sturgeon has allowed them to exploit this new prey source (overbite clam). Future conservation and restoration efforts must consider a potentially destabilized food web given the large importance of a single prey item. C1 [Zeug, Steven C.; Brodsky, Annie; Merz, Joseph E.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. [Kogut, Nina] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Stewart, A. Robin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zeug, SC (reprint author), Cramer Fish Sci, 13300 New Airport Rd,Suite 102, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. EM stevez@fishsciences.net FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service [F11AC01162] FX We thank the Foundation Sportsman's Club that allowed us to collect samples during their annual derby and provided valuable information on the sturgeon fishery. We are indebted to many charter captains and anglers who allowed us to collect samples from the sturgeon they harvested and provided information on catch location. Ian Anderson, Bill Beckett, Jillian Slingsby, and Jamie Sweeney identified sturgeon stomach contents. Staff from Cramer Fish Sciences and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service participated in sample collection during sturgeon derbies. Fred Feyrer and 3 anonymous reviewers provided comments that significantly improved the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service grant number F11AC01162. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 514 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.3354/meps11002 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6GC UT WOS:000345700700012 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS Robertson, LS Galbraith, H Blakeslee, C AF Cornman, Robert S. Robertson, Laura S. Galbraith, Heather Blakeslee, Carrie TI Transcriptomic Analysis of the Mussel Elliptio complanata Identifies Candidate Stress-Response Genes and an Abundance of Novel or Noncoding Transcripts SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; RESOURCE; DATABASE; PROGRAM AB Mussels are useful indicator species of environmental stress and degradation, and the global decline in freshwater mussel diversity and abundance is of conservation concern. Elliptio complanata is a common freshwater mussel of eastern North America that can serve both as an indicator and as an experimental model for understanding mussel physiology and genetics. To support genetic components of these research goals, we assembled transcriptome contigs from Illumina paired-end reads. Despite efforts to collapse similar contigs, the final assembly was in excess of 136,000 contigs with an N50 of 982 bp. Even so, comparisons to the CEGMA database of conserved eukaryotic genes indicated that similar to 20% of genes remain unrepresented. However, numerous candidate stress-response genes were present, and we identified lineage-specific patterns of diversification among molluscs for cytochrome P450 detoxification genes and two saccharide-modifying enzymes: 1,3 beta-galactosyltransferase and fucosyltransferase. Less than a quarter of contigs had protein-level similarity based on modest BLAST and Hmmer3 statistical thresholds. These results add comparative genomic resources for molluscs and suggest a wealth of novel proteins and noncoding transcripts. C1 [Cornman, Robert S.; Robertson, Laura S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Galbraith, Heather; Blakeslee, Carrie] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rcornman@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; Leetown Science Center; Northern Appalachian Research Branch FX This project was funded and carried out by the United States Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, with internal discretionary funds of its Leetown Science Center and Northern Appalachian Research Branch. Websites describing the facilities, staff, and operations of these research centers are at http://www.lsc.usgs.gov/ and http://www.lsc.usgs.gov/?q=northern-appalachian-research-branch. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112420 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112420 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS6XM UT WOS:000344402600142 PM 25375103 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL AF Sohl, Terry L. TI The Relative Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Conterminous United States Bird Species from 2001 to 2075 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; COVER DATA; SELECTING THRESHOLDS; CITIZEN SCIENCE; BREEDING BIRDS; SAMPLING BIAS; DISTRIBUTIONS; MAXENT; PERFORMANCE AB Species distribution models often use climate data to assess contemporary and/or future ranges for animal or plant species. Land use and land cover (LULC) data are important predictor variables for determining species range, yet are rarely used when modeling future distributions. In this study, maximum entropy modeling was used to construct species distribution maps for 50 North American bird species to determine relative contributions of climate and LULC for contemporary (2001) and future (2075) time periods. Species presence data were used as a dependent variable, while climate, LULC, and topographic data were used as predictor variables. Results varied by species, but in general, measures of model fit for 2001 indicated significantly poorer fit when either climate or LULC data were excluded from model simulations. Climate covariates provided a higher contribution to 2001 model results than did LULC variables, although both categories of variables strongly contributed. The area deemed to be "suitable'' for 2001 species presence was strongly affected by the choice of model covariates, with significantly larger ranges predicted when LULC was excluded as a covariate. Changes in species ranges for 2075 indicate much larger overall range changes due to projected climate change than due to projected LULC change. However, the choice of study area impacted results for both current and projected model applications, with truncation of actual species ranges resulting in lower model fit scores and increased difficulty in interpreting covariate impacts on species range. Results indicate species-specific response to climate and LULC variables; however, both climate and LULC variables clearly are important for modeling both contemporary and potential future species ranges. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. EM sohl@ugs.gov OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use (CLU) Mission Area FX TLS was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use (CLU) Mission Area. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112251 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112251 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS9IQ UT WOS:000344556900129 PM 25372571 ER PT J AU Leclaire, S van Dongen, WFD Voccia, S Merkling, T Ducamp, C Hatch, SA Blanchard, P Danchin, E Wagner, RH AF Leclaire, Sarah van Dongen, Wouter F. D. Voccia, Steeve Merkling, Thomas Ducamp, Christine Hatch, Scott A. Blanchard, Pierrick Danchin, Etienne Wagner, Richard H. TI Preen secretions encode information on MHC similarity in certain sex-dyads in a monogamous seabird SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; KIN RECOGNITION; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; MATE CHOICE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PEPTIDE LIGANDS; ODOR AB Animals are known to select mates to maximize the genetic diversity of their offspring in order to achieve immunity against a broader range of pathogens. Although several bird species preferentially mate with partners that are dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it remains unknown whether they can use olfactory cues to assess MHC similarity with potential partners. Here we combined gas chromatography data with genetic similarity indices based on MHC to test whether similarity in preen secretion chemicals correlated with MHC relatedness in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a species that preferentially mates with genetically dissimilar partners. We found that similarity in preen secretion chemicals was positively correlated with MHC relatedness in male-male and male-female dyads. This study provides the first evidence that preen secretion chemicals can encode information on MHC relatedness and suggests that odor-based mechanisms of MHC-related mate choice may occur in birds. C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; Voccia, Steeve; Merkling, Thomas; Ducamp, Christine; Blanchard, Pierrick; Danchin, Etienne] UPS, CNRS, ENFA, Lab EDB,UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; Voccia, Steeve; Merkling, Thomas; Ducamp, Christine; Blanchard, Pierrick; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, EDB, UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [van Dongen, Wouter F. D.; Wagner, Richard H.] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. [van Dongen, Wouter F. D.] Victoria Univ, Melbourne MC, Coll Engn & Sci, Appl Ecol Res Grp, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [van Dongen, Wouter F. D.] Victoria Univ, Melbourne MC, Coll Engn & Sci, Inst Sustainabil & Innovat, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), UPS, CNRS, ENFA, Lab EDB,UMR5174, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr FU French Polar Institute (IPEV Program) [1162]; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and Austrian Research Fund (FWF Project) [20401]; French Laboratory of Excellence project "TULIP'' [ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02]; Fyssen post-doctoral grant FX We are grateful to Lena Agdere, Elise Albert and Romain Durieux for their help in the field, and Hanja Brandl and Florian Sammer for considerable assistance in the genetics laboratory. This work was supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV Program 1162), the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and Austrian Research Fund grant (FWF Project 20401 to RHW). The lab EDB is supported by the French Laboratory of Excellence project "TULIP'' (ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02). S. Leclaire was funded by a Fyssen post-doctoral grant. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6920 DI 10.1038/srep06920 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS4HG UT WOS:000344233900005 PM 25370306 ER PT J AU Pellerin, BA Bergamaschi, BA Gilliom, RJ Crawford, CG Saraceno, J Frederick, CP Downing, BD Murphy, JC AF Pellerin, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Gilliom, Robert J. Crawford, Charles G. Saraceno, JohnFranco Frederick, C. Paul Downing, Bryan D. Murphy, Jennifer C. TI Mississippi River Nitrate Loads from High Frequency Sensor Measurements and Regression-Based Load Estimation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PREDICTING SUMMER HYPOXIA; WATER-QUALITY; UNCERTAINTY; BASIN; EUTROPHICATION; VARIABILITY; NITROGEN; MODEL; FLUX AB Accurately quantifying niitrate (NO3) loading from the Mississipi River is important for predicting summer hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico and targeting nutrient reduction within the basin. Loads have historically been modeled with regression-based techniques, but recent advances with high frequency NO3- sensors allowed us to evaluate model performance relative to measured loads in the lower Mississipi River. Patterns in NO3- concentrations and loads were observed at daily to annual time steps with considerable variability in concentrated-discharge relationships over the two year study. Differences were particularly accentuated during the 2012 drought and 2013 flood, which resulted in anomalously high NO3- concentrations consistent with a large flush of stored NO3- from soil. The comparison between measured loads and modeled loads (LOADEST, Composite Method, WRTS) showed underestimates of only 3.5% across the entire study period, but much larger differences at shorter time steps Absolute differences in loads were typically greatest in the spring and early summer critical to Gulf hypoxia formation with the largest differences (underestimates) for all models during the flood period of 2013. In additional to improving the accuracy and precision of monthly loads high frequency NO3- measurements offer additional benefits not available with regression-based or other load estimation techniques. C1 [Pellerin, Brian A.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.; Gilliom, Robert J.; Saraceno, JohnFranco; Downing, Bryan D.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Crawford, Charles G.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Frederick, C. Paul] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Murphy, Jennifer C.] US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. RP Pellerin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bpeller@usgs.gov OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 11 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 21 BP 12612 EP 12619 DI 10.1021/es504029c PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS7QC UT WOS:000344449100017 PM 25310505 ER PT J AU Ward, PJ Jongman, B Kummu, M Dettinger, MD Weiland, FCS Winsemius, HC AF Ward, Philip J. Jongman, Brenden Kummu, Matti Dettinger, Michael D. Weiland, Frederiek C. Sperna Winsemius, Hessel C. TI Strong influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation on flood risk around the world SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE flood risk; El Nino Southern Oscillation; climate variability; global scale; flood hazard ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-SCALE; VARIABILITY; DISASTER; ENSO; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; EVENTS AB El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant interannual signal of climate variability and has a strong influence on climate over large parts of the world. In turn, it strongly influences many natural hazards (such as hurricanes and droughts) and their resulting socioeconomic impacts, including economic damage and loss of life. However, although ENSO is known to influence hydrology in many regions of the world, little is known about its influence on the socioeconomic impacts of floods (i.e., flood risk). To address this, we developed a modeling framework to assess ENSO's influence on flood risk at the global scale, expressed in terms of affected population and gross domestic product and economic damages. We show that ENSO exerts strong and widespread influences on both flood hazard and risk. Reliable anomalies of flood risk exist during El Nino or La Nina years, or both, in basins spanning almost half (44%) of Earth's land surface. Our results show that climate variability, especially from ENSO, should be incorporated into disaster-risk analyses and policies. Because ENSO has some predictive skill with lead times of several seasons, the findings suggest the possibility to develop probabilistic flood-risk projections, which could be used for improved disaster planning. The findings are also relevant in the context of climate change. If the frequency and/or magnitude of ENSO events were to change in the future, this finding could imply changes in flood-risk variations across almost half of the world's terrestrial regions. C1 [Ward, Philip J.; Jongman, Brenden] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ward, Philip J.; Jongman, Brenden] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Global Change Inst, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kummu, Matti] Aalto Univ, Water & Dev Res Grp, Espoo 02150, Finland. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Weiland, Frederiek C. Sperna; Winsemius, Hessel C.] Deltares, NL-2629 HD Delft, Netherlands. RP Ward, PJ (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM philip.ward@ivm.vu.nl RI Kummu, Matti/C-4797-2011; Ward, Philip/E-6208-2010; Jongman, Brenden/G-4822-2015 OI Kummu, Matti/0000-0001-5096-0163; Jongman, Brenden/0000-0002-3361-2498 FU Veni grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences [RPI2.0]; European Commission [308438]; Academy of Finland [267463]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We also thank Erin Coughlan (Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre), Alanna Simpson (World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery), and Mark Guishard [Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI2.0)] for comments on, and input to, the manuscript. This research was funded by a Veni grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and by a research grant from the RPI2.0 of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. Model validation was carried out in the framework of the ENHANCE project (Enhancing risk management partnerships for catastrophic natural hazards in Europe), funded by European Commission Grant 308438. M. K. received funding from Academy of Finland-funded project SCART Grant 267463 (Global green-blue water trajectories and measures for adaptation: linking the Holocene to the Anthropocene). M. D. D. received operational support from the California-Nevada Climate Applications Program, a US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-funded Regional Integrated Science and Assessment program. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 14 U2 67 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 44 BP 15659 EP 15664 DI 10.1073/pnas.1409822111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS2CY UT WOS:000344088100026 PM 25331867 ER PT J AU Sheffels, TR Sytsma, MD Carter, J Taylor, JD AF Sheffels, Trevor R. Sytsma, Mark D. Carter, Jacoby Taylor, Jimmy D. TI Efficacy of Plastic Mesh Tubes in Reducing Herbivory Damage by the Invasive Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in an Urban Restoration Site SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbivory; Myocastor; non-native; riparian; Vexar ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; STREAM RESTORATION; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT; CORRIDORS; WETLANDS; HABITAT AB The restoration of stream corridors is becoming an increasingly important component of urban landscape planning, and the high cost of these projects necessitates the need to understand and address potential ecological obstacles to project success. The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is an invasive, semi-aquatic rodent native to South America that causes detrimental ecological impacts in riparian and wetland habitats throughout its introduced range, and techniques are needed to reduce nutria herbivory damage to urban stream restoration projects. We assessed the efficacy of standard Vexar (R) plastic mesh tubes in reducing nutria herbivory damage to newly established woody plants. The study was conducted in winter-spring 2009 at Delta Ponds, a 60-ha urban waterway in Eugene, Oregon. Woody plants protected by Vexar (R) tubes demonstrated 100% survival over the 3-month initial establishment period, while only 17% of unprotected plantings survived. Nutria demonstrated a preference for black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp trichocarpa) over red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) and willow (Salix spp). Camera surveillance showed that nutria were more active in unprotected rather than protected treatments. Our results suggest that Vexar (R) plastic mesh tubing can be an effective short-term herbivory mitigation tool when habitat use by nutria is low. Additionally, planting functionally equivalent woody plant species that are less preferred by nutria, and other herbivores, may be another method for reducing herbivory and improving revegetation success. This study highlights the need to address potential wildlife damage conflicts in the planning process for stream restoration in urban landscapes. C1 [Sheffels, Trevor R.; Sytsma, Mark D.] Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Management Dept, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Oregon Field Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sheffels, TR (reprint author), Friends Tualatin River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Sherwood, OR 97140 USA. EM trevor_sheffels@fws.gov FU USGS Invasive Species Program; USFWS Aquatic Invasive Species Program FX We would like to thank the people who provided resources and guidance for the project. Lauri Holts, City of Eugene Parks and Open Space, provided logistical guidance, supplied live stakes, and coordinated volunteer support. Sharon Gross, USGS Invasive Species Program, and Paul Heimowitz, USFWS Aquatic Invasive Species Program, provided funding for the study. Darren Johnson, USGS National Wetlands Research Center, provided statistical support. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and the journal editing team greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 44 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 88 IS 4 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.3955/046.088.0403 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ9LK UT WOS:000348535700001 ER PT J AU Brenkman, SJ Duda, JJ Kennedy, PR Baker, BM AF Brenkman, Samuel J. Duda, Jeffrey J. Kennedy, Philip R. Baker, Bruce M. TI A Legacy of Divergent Fishery Management Regimes and the Resilience of Rainbow and Cutthroat Trout Populations in Lake Crescent, Olympic National Park, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mykiss; clarkii; spawning; genetics; nonnative; hatchery; Washington ID NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; CHANGE-POINT PROBLEMS; LIFE-HISTORY FORMS; DAM REMOVAL; BULL TROUT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; STEELHEAD TROUT; ELWHA RIVER; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; MIGRATORY PATTERNS AB As a means to increase visitation, early fisheries management in the National Park Service (NPS) promoted sport harvest and hatchery supplementation. Today, NPS management objectives focus on the preservation of native fish. We summarized management regimes of Olympic National Park's Lake Crescent, which included decades of liberal sport harvest and hatchery releases of 14.3 million salmonids. Notably, nonnative species failed to persist in the lake. Complementary analyses of annual redd counts (1989-2012) and genetics data delineated three sympatric trout (one rainbow; two cutthroat) populations that exhibited distinct spatial and temporal spawning patterns, variable emergence timings, and genetic distinctiveness. Allacustrine rainbow trout spawned in the lake outlet from January to May. Cutthroat trout spawned in the major inlet tributary (Barnes Creek) from February to June and in the outlet river (Lyre) from September to March, an unusual timing for coastal cutthroat trout. Redd counts for each species were initially low (rainbow = mean 89; range 37-159; cutthroat = mean 93; range 18-180), and significantly increased for rainbow trout (mean 306; range 254-352) after implementation of catch-and-release regulations. Rainbow and cutthroat trout reached maximum sizes of 10.4 kg and 5.4 kg, respectively, and are among the largest throughout their native ranges. Morphometric analyses revealed interspecific differences but no intraspecific differences between the two cutthroat populations. Genetic analyses identified three distinct populations and low levels (9-17%) of interspecific hybridization. Lake Crescent rainbow trout were genetically divergent from 24 nearby Oncorhynchus mykiss populations, and represented a unique evolutionary legacy worthy of protection. The indigenous and geographically isolated Lake Crescent trout populations were resilient to overharvest and potential interactions with introduced fish species. C1 [Brenkman, Samuel J.; Kennedy, Philip R.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baker, Bruce M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Brenkman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk,600 East Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM sam_brenkman@nps.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU ONP FX We thank John Aho, John Meyer, and Steven Fradkin for their fish and limnological monitoring efforts on Lake Crescent. Thanks to Pat DeHaan, Carl Ostberg, and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Special thanks to Dan Averill, Steve Corbett, Pat Crain, Dan Drange, Josh Geffre, Dick Goin, Steve Intelmann, and Jeff Jackson for their assistance during field data collection throughout 23 years. Thanks to Norm Switzler, Cherril Bowman, Bill Ingram, Christina Anthonysz, Tony Parra, Anne Marshall, Craig Busack, and the late Steve Phelps for their assistance and input on the genetics data. We thank Robert Gresswell, Gary Larson, Doug Markle, Mike McHenry, Reg Reisenbichler, and Daniel Schindler for their insights during a scientific panel review of Lake Crescent fisheries management. Thanks to Roger Hoffman for generating maps and Rick Camp for statistical advice. Funding for this work was provided by ONP. The use of trade and company names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 88 IS 4 BP 280 EP 304 DI 10.3955/046.088.0404 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ9LK UT WOS:000348535700002 ER PT J AU Adkins, JY Lyons, DE Loschl, PJ Roby, DD Collis, K Evans, AF Hostetter, NJ AF Adkins, Jessica Y. Lyons, Donald E. Loschl, Peter J. Roby, Daniel D. Collis, Ken Evans, Allen F. Hostetter, Nathan J. TI Demographics of Piscivorous Colonial Waterbirds and Management Implications for ESA-listed Salmonids on the Columbia Plateau SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE piscivorous waterbirds; Columbia Plateau; colony size; productivity; limiting factors ID MIGRATING JUVENILE SALMONIDS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT; CASPIAN TERNS; AVIAN PREDATION; NORTH-AMERICA; RIVER; POPULATIONS; SIZE; DIET AB We investigated colony size, productivity, and limiting factors for five piscivorous waterbird species nesting at 18 locations on the Columbia Plateau (Washington) during 2004-2010 with emphasis on species with a history of salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) depredation. Numbers of nesting Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were stable at about 700-1,000 breeding pairs at five colonies and about 1,200-1,500 breeding pairs at four colonies, respectively. Numbers of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) increased at Badger Island, the sole breeding colony for the species on the Columbia Plateau, from about 900 individuals in 2007 to over 2,000 individuals in 2010. Overall numbers of breeding California gulls (Larus californicus) and ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis) declined during the study, mostly because of the abandonment of a large colony in the mid-Columbia River. Three gull colonies below the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers increased substantially, however. Factors that may limit colony size and productivity for piscivorous waterbirds nesting on the Columbia Plateau included availability of suitable nesting habitat, interspecific competition for nest sites, predation, gull kleptoparasitism, food availability, and human disturbance. Based on observed population trends alone, there is little reason to project increased impacts to juvenile salmonid survival from tern and cormorant populations. Additional monitoring and evaluation may be warranted to assess future impacts of the growing Badger Island American white pelican colony and those gull colonies located near mainstem dams or associated with Caspian tern colonies where kleptoparasitism is common. C1 [Adkins, Jessica Y.; Lyons, Donald E.; Loschl, Peter J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Collis, Ken; Evans, Allen F.; Hostetter, Nathan J.] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 52 SW Roosevelt Ave, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM ken@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)-Walla Walla District; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)-Walla Walla District and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) provided funding for this research; we thank C. Boen, S. Dunmire, R. Kalamasz, C. Pinney, and D. Trachtenbarg with the USACE and M. Newsom, M. Lesky, and A. Haynes with the BOR for their support of this work. We also thank the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, McNary National Wildlife Refuge, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Birds and Habitat Programs for access to the study sites. We thank T. Good (National Marine Fisheries Service) and C. Maranto (University of Washington) for providing data on Caspian tern colonies at Potholes Reservoir during 2004-2006. We are grateful to L. Adrean, D. Battaglia, B. Cramer, M. Hawbecker, and numerous field research assistants for their invaluable assistance in the field, lab, and office. This paper benefited from comments provided by M. Kappes, D. Trachtenbarg, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 17 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 88 IS 4 BP 344 EP 359 DI 10.3955/046.088.0408 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ9LK UT WOS:000348535700006 ER PT J AU Wannamaker, PE Evans, RL Bedrosian, PA Unsworth, MJ Maris, V McGary, RS AF Wannamaker, Philip E. Evans, Rob L. Bedrosian, Paul A. Unsworth, Martyn J. Maris, Virginie McGary, R. Shane TI Segmentation of plate coupling, fate of subduction fluids, and modes of arc magmatism in Cascadia, inferred from magnetotelluric resistivity SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHERN CANADIAN CORDILLERA; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; UPPER-MANTLE STRUCTURE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FORE-ARC; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FRANCISCAN COMPLEX; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR AB Five magnetotelluric (MT) profiles have been acquired across the Cascadia subduction system and transformed using 2-D and 3-D nonlinear inversion to yield electrical resistivity cross sections to depths of similar to 200 km. Distinct changes in plate coupling, subduction fluid evolution, and modes of arc magmatism along the length of Cascadia are clearly expressed in the resistivity structure. Relatively high resistivities under the coasts of northern and southern Cascadia correlate with elevated degrees of inferred plate locking, and suggest fluid-and sediment-deficient conditions. In contrast, the north-central Oregon coastal structure is quite conductive from the plate interface to shallow depths offshore, correlating with poor plate locking and the possible presence of subducted sediments. Low-resistivity fluidized zones develop at slab depths of 35-40 km starting similar to 100 km west of the arc on all profiles, and are interpreted to represent pro-grade metamorphic fluid release from the subducting slab. The fluids rise to forearc Moho levels, and sometimes shallower, as the arc is approached. The zones begin close to clusters of low-frequency earthquakes, suggesting fluid controls on the transition to steady sliding. Under the northern and southern Cascadia arc segments, low upper mantle resistivities are consistent with flux melting above the slab plus possible deep convective backarc upwelling toward the arc. In central Cascadia, extensional deformation is interpreted to segregate upper mantle melts leading to underplating and low resistivities at Moho to lower crustal levels below the arc and nearby backarc. The low-to high-temperature mantle wedge transition lies slightly trenchward of the arc. C1 [Wannamaker, Philip E.; Maris, Virginie] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Evans, Rob L.; McGary, R. Shane] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Unsworth, Martyn J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [McGary, R. Shane] Coll New Jersey, Dept Phys, Ewing, NJ USA. RP Wannamaker, PE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM pewanna@egi.utah.edu RI Unsworth, Martyn/A-6395-2012; OI Evans, Robert/0000-0001-5585-0684 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR08-43725, EAR08-38043]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-PS36-04GO94001]; Earthscope grant [EAR08-44041]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship FX Phil Wannamaker and Virginie Maris gratefully acknowledge funding by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants EAR08-43725 and EAR08-38043 through the Earthscope and Geophysics programs. The 2D inversion capability received development support under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-PS36-04GO94001. Rob Evans was supported through Earthscope grant EAR08-44041 and Shane McGary through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship. Fieldwork in Canada was made possible by an NSERC Discovery Grant and a Canadian Foundation for Innovation award to Martyn Unsworth. The long period instruments were borrowed from the University of Washington (John Booker, P.I.) through the NSF-supported EMSOC national MT pool. Steve Park generously shared the five NIMS responses he measured across Lassen National Forest. We thank Mike Baker, Joe Borman, Heather Haley, Teatha van Schooten, and Adam Vicinus for field assistance in the long period CAFE and Klamath-Modoc collection. Quantec Geoscience Inc acquired the wideband MT data of the CAFE line and the great majority of the Klamath-Modoc line. Mike Brudzinski, Alexandra Royer, and Amanda Thomas kindly provided location files for the LFE events along Cascadia. Pat McCrory shared a link to the seismicity data from her 2012 paper and provided many useful comments. Content and presentation benefited substantially from the remarks of two anonymous reviewers. We are grateful to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, Latour State Forest, the Beaty, Green Diamond, Hancock, Humboldt Redwood, and Weyerhauser timber companies, Grays Harbor County, Fort Lewis Army Base, L T Murray State Wildlife area, and numerous private land owners for access to recording sites. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The MT transfer function data inverted to produce the cross section models of this paper are available from the first author upon request. NR 128 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 15 IS 11 BP 4230 EP 4253 DI 10.1002/2014GC005509 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JT UT WOS:000348060800007 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Daughtry, CST Mirsky, SB Hively, WD AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Mirsky, Steven B. Hively, W. Dean TI Remote Sensing With Simulated Unmanned Aircraft Imagery for Precision Agriculture Applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Color-infrared photography; Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); nitrogen fertilization; Secale cereale; Triangular Greenness Index (TGI); true-color photography; unmanned aircraft systems (UAS); winter cover crop ID LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; VISIBLE BAND INDEX; AERIAL VEHICLE; CROP; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; COVER; SYSTEM AB An important application of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) may be remote-sensing for precision agriculture, because of its ability to acquire images with very small pixel sizes from low altitude flights. The objective of this study was to compare information obtained from two different pixel sizes, one about a meter (the size of a small vegetation plot) and one about a millimeter. Cereal rye (Seeale eereale) was planted at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center for a winter cover crop with fall and spring fertilizer applications, which produced differences in biomass and leaf chloroph 11 content. UAS imagery was simulated by placing a Fuji IS-Pro UVIR digital camera at 3-m height looking nadir. An external UV-IR cut filter was used to acquire true-color images; an external red cut filter was used to obtain color-infrared-like images with bands at near-infrared, green, and blue wavelengths. Plot-scale Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was correlated with dry aboveground biomass (r = 0.58), whereas the Triangular Greenness Index (TGI) was not correlated with chlorophyll content. We used the SamplePoint program to select 100 pixels systematically; we visually identified the cover type and acquired the digital numbers. The number of rye pixels in each image was better correlated with biomass (r = 0.73), and the average TGI from only leaf pixels was negatively correlated with chlorophyll content (r = 0.72). Thus, better information for crop requirements may be obtained using very small pixel sizes, but new algorithms based on computer vision are needed for analysis. It may not be necessary to geospatially register large numbers of photographs with very small pixel sizes. Instead, images could be analyzed as single plots along field transects. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Mirsky, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] USGS Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 41 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 SI SI BP 4566 EP 4571 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2317876 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY9MR UT WOS:000347875700027 ER PT J AU Araujo, CV Borrego, AG Cardott, B das Chagas, RBA Flores, D Goncalves, P Hackley, PC Hower, JC Kern, ML Kus, J Mastalerz, M Mendonca, JG Mendonca, JD Menezes, TR Newman, J Suarez-Ruiz, I da Silva, FS de Souza, IV AF Araujo, Carla Viviane Borrego, Angeles G. Cardott, Brian das Chagas, Renata Brenand A. Flores, Deolinda Goncalves, Paula Hackley, Paul C. Hower, James C. Kern, Marcio Luciano Kus, Jolanta Mastalerz, Maria Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano Mendonca, Joalice de Oliveira Menezes, Taissa Rego Newman, Jane Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel da Silva, Frederico Sobrinho de Souza, Igor Viegas TI Petrographic maturity parameters of a Devonian shale maturation series, Appalachian Basin, USA. ICCP Thermal Indices Working Group interlaboratory exercise (vol 130, pg 89, 2014) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Araujo, Carla Viviane; Menezes, Taissa Rego; de Souza, Igor Viegas] Petrobras Cenpes GEOQ PDGEO, BR-21941915 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Borrego, Angeles G.; Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel] Inst Nacl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Oviedo 33080, Spain. [Cardott, Brian] Oklahoma Geol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [das Chagas, Renata Brenand A.; Kern, Marcio Luciano; Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano; Mendonca, Joalice de Oliveira] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, IGEO, DEGL, LAFO, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Flores, Deolinda; Goncalves, Paula] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ctr Geol, P-6874169 Oporto, Portugal. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hower, James C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Kus, Jolanta] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Dept Geochem Petr & Coal, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Mastalerz, Maria] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Newman, Jane] Newman Energy Res Ltd, Christchurch 8002, New Zealand. RP Araujo, CV (reprint author), Fundacao Gorceix, Rua CarlosWalter Marinho Campos 57, BR-35400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. RI Borrego, Angeles/B-7094-2015; Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Goncalves, Paula Alexandra/N-4522-2014; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013 OI Borrego, Angeles/0000-0001-9021-7358; Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Goncalves, Paula Alexandra/0000-0003-4841-8601; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 133 BP 100 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.007 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA AY5DO UT WOS:000347593600008 ER PT J AU Smith, J Spector, T Determann, R Cruse-Sanders, J Pruner, R Friel, M O'Donnell, K AF Smith, J. Spector, T. Determann, R. Cruse-Sanders, J. Pruner, R. Friel, M. O'Donnell, K. TI To the brink of extinction: Disease, population decline and conservation efforts of the Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT APS-CPS Joint Meeting CY AUG 09-13, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP APS, CPS C1 [Smith, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Spector, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, West Valley City, UT USA. [Determann, R.; Cruse-Sanders, J.] Atlanta Bot Garden, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pruner, R.; Friel, M.] Florida Parks Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [O'Donnell, K.] NCAUR ARS USDA, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 11 SU 3 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5GG UT WOS:000346303300635 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, J Thiel, S Pek, J Peacock, J Heinson, G AF MacFarlane, Jake Thiel, Stephan Pek, Josef Peacock, Jared Heinson, Graham TI Characterisation of induced fracture networks within an enhanced geothermal system using anisotropic electromagnetic modelling SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geothermal; Magnetotellurics; Fluid injection; Fractures; Forward modelling; Electrical anisotropy ID NORTHERN FLINDERS RANGES; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; MAGNETOTELLURIC CHARACTERIZATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; PAINTER PROVINCE; FIELD; RESISTIVITY; JAPAN AB As opinions regarding the future of energy production shift towards renewable sources, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are becoming an attractive prospect. The characterisation of fracture permeability at depth is central to the success of EGS. Recent magnetotelluric (MT) studies of the Paralana geothermal system (PGS), an EGS in South Australia, have measured changes in MT responses which were attributed to fracture networks generated during fluid injection experiments. However, extracting permeabilities from these measurements remains problematic as conventional isotropic MT modelling is unable to accommodate for the complexities present within an EGS. To circumvent this problem, we introduce an electrical anisotropy representation to allow better characterisation of volumes at depth. Forward modelling shows that MT measurements are sensitive to subtle variations in anisotropy. Subsequent two-dimensional anisotropic forward modelling shows that electrical anisotropy is able to reproduce the directional response associated with fractures generated by fluid injection experiments at the PGS. As such, we conclude that MT monitoring combined with anisotropic modelling is a promising alternative to the micro-seismic method when characterising fluid reservoirs within geothermal and coal seam gas reservoirs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [MacFarlane, Jake; Thiel, Stephan; Peacock, Jared; Heinson, Graham] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Thiel, Stephan] Geol Survey South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Pek, Josef] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Peacock, Jared] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP MacFarlane, J (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM jake.macfarlane@adelaide.edu.au RI Pek, Josef/H-6384-2014; OI Thiel, Stephan/0000-0002-8678-412X FU School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Adelaide; South Australian Department for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy; South Australian Centre for Geothermal Energy Research; Institute for Mineral and Energy Resources FX The authors would like to thank Petratherm and their joint venture partners along with aboriginal land owners for land access. Furthermore, we would like to thank Petratherm and their joint venture partners for supporting this project. For financial support, we thank the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Adelaide, the South Australian Department for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources and Energy, the South Australian Centre for Geothermal Energy Research and the Institute for Mineral and Energy Resources. We would also like to thank AuScope and Goran Boren for the equipment used when collecting the data. In addition, I would like to thank everyone involved in the collection and processing of the data. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 288 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.002 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX8BC UT WOS:000347134400001 ER PT J AU Guo, QH Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB AF Guo, Qinghai Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Towards understanding the puzzling lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet (China): Insight from a comparison with Yellowstone (USA) and some active volcanic hydrothermal systems SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geothermal water; Geochemistry; Acid spring; Magma chamber; Steam-heating; Tibet; Yellowstone; Active volcanic-hydrothermal area ID SOUTHERN TIBET; NATIONAL-PARK; GAS GEOCHEMISTRY; BRIGHT SPOTS; WATERS; CALDERA; FIELD; DISCHARGES; EARTHQUAKE; BENEATH AB Explanations for the lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet are inferred from a comprehensive hydrochemical comparison of Tibetan geothermal waters with those discharged from Yellowstone (USA) and two active volcanic areas, Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) and Miravalles (Costa Rica) where acid springs are widely distributed and diversified in terms of geochemical characteristic and origin. For the hydrothermal areas investigated in this study, there appears to be a relationship between the depths of magma chambers and the occurrence of acid, chloride-rich springs formed via direct magmatic fluid absorption. Nevado del Ruiz and Miravalles with magma at or very close to the surface (less than 1-2 km) exhibit very acidic waters containing HCl and H2SO4. In contrast, the Tibetan hydrothermal systems, represented by Yangbajain, usually have fairly deep-seated magma chambers so that the released acid fluids are much more likely to be fully neutralized during transport to the surface. The absence of steamheated acid waters in Tibet, however, may be primarily due to the lack of a confining layer (like young impermeable lavas at Yellowstone) to separate geothermal steam from underlying neutral chloride waters and the possible scenario that the deep geothermal fluids below Tibet carry less H2S than those below Yellowstone. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Qinghai] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinghai] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Guo, QH (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM qhguo2006@gmail.com; dkn@usgs.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40702041, 41120124003]; Ministry of Education of China [B08030]; Fundamental Research Fund for National Universities; China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) [CUG120505, CUG120113] FX This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Research Program of the USGS. It was also financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 40702041 and 41120124003), the Ministry of Education of China (111 project, no. B08030) and the Fundamental Research Fund for National Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (nos. CUG120505 and CUG120113). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Governments of USA and China. The very helpful comments of Dr. William C. Evans, Dr. Jacob B. Lowenstern (USGS reviewer), and an anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 288 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.005 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX8BC UT WOS:000347134400008 ER PT J AU Johnson, KR Miller, IM Pigati, JS AF Johnson, Kirk R. Miller, Ian M. Pigati, Jeffrey S. CA Snowmastodon Project Sci Team TI Introduction to the Snowmastodon Project Special Volume The Snowmastodon Project SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Johnson, Kirk R.; Miller, Ian M.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, KR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM JohnsonKR@si.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Shapiro, Beth/0000-0002-2733-7776; Jimenez Moreno, Gonzalo/0000-0001-7185-8686; Gray, Harrison/0000-0002-4555-7473; Rountrey, Adam/0000-0003-0939-9102 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.010 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100001 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Miller, IM Johnson, KR Honke, JS Carrara, PE Muhs, DR Skipp, G Bryant, B AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Miller, Ian M. Johnson, Kirk R. Honke, Jeffrey S. Carrara, Paul E. Muhs, Daniel R. Skipp, Gary Bryant, Bruce TI Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bull Lake glaciation; Pleistocene fossils; Snowmastodon; Paleoclimate; Stratigraphy ID PINEDALE; GLACIATION; SEDIMENT; RANGE AB The geologic setting of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site is somewhat unusual - the sediments containing the Pleistocene fossils were deposited in a lake on top of a ridge. The lake basin was formed near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA) when a glacier flowing down Snowmass Creek Valley became thick enough to overtop a low point in the eastern valley wall and entered the head of Brush Creek Valley. When the glacier retreated at about 155-130 ka, near the end of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6, the Brush Creek Valley lobe left behind a moraine that impounded a small alpine lake. The lake was initially similar to 10 m deep and appears to have been highly productive during most of its existence, based on the abundant and exquisitely preserved organic material present in the sediments. Over time, the basin slowly filled with (mostly) eolian sediment such that by similar to 87 ka it contained a marsh or wetland rather than a true lake. Open-water conditions returned briefly between similar to 77 and 55 ka before the impoundment was finally breached to the east, establishing ties with the Brush Creek drainage system and creating an alpine meadow that persisted until historic times. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Honke, Jeffrey S.; Carrara, Paul E.; Muhs, Daniel R.; Skipp, Gary; Bryant, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Miller, Ian M.; Johnson, Kirk R.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; National Science Foundation [EAR 1125579]; National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration FX We thank Ronna Bowers, Harland Goldstein, Gary Skipp, and Kenzie Turner for assistance during drilling operations. We thank Paco van Sistine for creating the site location figure. This manuscript benefited from constructive reviews from Eric Leonard, Joseph Licciardi, and Kenzie Turner. Specimens referenced in this paper were collected at the Ziegler Reservoir locality, 5PT1264, under State of Colorado Paleontological Permits 2010-106 and 2011-17. The authors thank History Colorado/The Colorado Historical Society, the Snowmass Water and Sanitation District, and Snowmass Village for their assistance with this excavation. This project was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, the National Science Foundation (#EAR 1125579), and the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100002 ER PT J AU Mahan, SA Gray, HJ Pigati, JS Wilson, J Lifton, NA Paces, JB Blaauw, M AF Mahan, Shannon A. Gray, Harrison J. Pigati, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Jim Lifton, Nathaniel A. Paces, James B. Blaauw, Maarten TI A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Luminescence dating; Radiocarbon dating; Surface exposure dating; U-series dating; Ziegler Reservoir ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; BE-10 PRODUCTION-RATE; COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES; PRODUCTION-RATES; AMS STANDARDS; MOJAVE DESERT; U-SERIES; SEDIMENTS; RADIOCARBON; CALIBRATION AB The Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA), provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct high-altitude paleoenvironmental conditions in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. We used four different techniques to establish a chronological framework for the site. Radiocarbon dating of lake organics, bone collagen, and shell carbonate, and in situ cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 ages on a boulder on the crest of a moraine that impounded the lake suggest that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils are between similar to 140 lea and >45 ka. Uranium-series ages of vertebrate remains generally fall within these bounds, but extremely low uranium concentrations and evidence of open-system behavior limit their utility. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages (n = 18) obtained from fine-grained quartz maintain stratigraphic order, were replicable, and provide reliable ages for the lake sediments. Analysis of the equivalent dose (D-E) dispersion of the OSL samples showed that the sediments were fully bleached prior to deposition and low scatter suggests that eolian processes were likely the dominant transport mechanism for fine-grained sediments into the lake. The resulting ages show that the fossil-bearing sediments span the latest part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, all of MIS 5 and MIS 4, and the earliest part of MIS 3. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Mahan, Shannon A.; Gray, Harrison J.; Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wilson, Jim] Aeon Labs LLC, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. [Lifton, Nathaniel A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Paces, James B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Blaauw, Maarten] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Mahan, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM smahan@usgs.gov RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015; OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298; Gray, Harrison/0000-0002-4555-7473; Blaauw, Maarten/0000-0002-5680-1515; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 490 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.004 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100003 ER PT J AU Leonard, EM Plummer, MA Carrara, PE AF Leonard, Eric M. Plummer, Mitchell A. Carrara, Paul E. TI Numerical modeling of the Snowmass Creek paleoglacier, Colorado, and climate in the Rocky Mountains during the Bull Lake glaciation (MIS 6) SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Numerical glacier modeling; Rocky Mountains; Bull Lake glaciation; Paleoclimate; MIS 6 ID SOUTHERN SAWATCH RANGE; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; ICE-FLOW; UINTA MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; GLACIER; MAXIMUM; INFERENCES; RECONSTRUCTION; COMPLEX AB Well-preserved moraines from the penultimate, or Bull Lake, glaciation of Snowmass Creek Valley in the Elk Range of Colorado (USA) present an opportunity to examine the character of the high-altitude climate in the Rocky Mountains during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6. This study employs a 2-D coupled mass/energy balance and flow model to assess the magnitudes of temperature and precipitation change that could have sustained the glacier in mass-balance equilibrium at its maximum extent during the Bull Lake glaciation. Variable substrate effects on glacier flow and ice thickness make the modeling somewhat more complex than in geologically simpler settings. Model results indicate that a temperature depression of about 6.7 degrees C compared with the present (1971-2000 AD) would have been necessary to sustain the Snowmass Creek glacier in mass-balance equilibrium during the Bull Lake glaciation, assuming no change in precipitation amount or seasonality. A 50% increase or decrease from modern precipitation would have been coupled with 5.2 degrees C and 9.1 degrees C Bull Lake temperature depressions respectively. Uncertainty in these modeled temperature depressions is about 1 degrees C. (C) 2014 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Leonard, Eric M.] Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Plummer, Mitchell A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Carrara, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Leonard, EM (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM eleonard@coloradocollege.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.001 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100006 ER PT J AU Anderson, RS Jimenez-Moreno, G Ager, T Porinchu, DF AF Anderson, R. Scott Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo Ager, Thomas Porinchu, David F. TI High-elevation paleoenvironmental change during MIS 6-4 in the central Rockies of Colorado as determined from pollen analysis SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ziegler Reservoir; Interglaciations; Pollen analysis; High elevation; Climate variability ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; VEGETATION HISTORY; CLIMATE CHANGES; USA; TIMBERLINE; RECORD AB Paleoecological studies from Rocky Mountain (USA) high elevations encompassing the previous interglacial (MIS 5e) are rare. The similar to 10-m composite profile from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (2705 m asl) of central Colorado allows us to determine paleoenvironments from Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages (MIS) 6-4 using pollen zones that are approximately equivalent to marine oxygen isotope stages. During Pollen Zone (PZ) 6 time, pollen assemblages dominated by Artemisia (sagebrush) suggest that alpine tundra or steppe occurred nearby. The transition to PZ Se was characterized by a rapid increase in tree pollen, initially Picea (spruce) and Pinus (pine) but also Quercus (oak) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir). Non-arboreal pollen (NAP) types increased during PZ 5d, while Abies (fir) and Juniperus (juniper) increased during PZ 5c. Pollen evidence suggests that temperatures during PZ 5b were as cold as during PZ 6, with the site again surrounded by alpine tundra. Picea dominated during PZ 5a before the onset of cooler conditions during PZ 4. The MIS 6-MIS 5e transition here was similar to the MIS 2-MIS 1 transition at other Rocky Mountain sites. However, the Ziegler Reservoir pollen record contains evidence suggesting unexpected climatic trends at this site, including a warmer-than-expected MIS 5d and cooler-than-expected MIS 5b. (C) 2014 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Bilby Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] Univ Granada, Dept Estratigrea & Paleontol, Granada 18002, Spain. [Ager, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Porinchu, David F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Anderson, RS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Scott.Anderson@nau.edu FU Denver Museum of Nature and Science [03-377 NAU2011, 03-377 NAU-2012]; U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program [G13AC00022] FX We thank Kirk Johnson, Ian Miller and Jeff Pigati for bringing this important site to our attention. We also thank Damara Kautz, Spencer Rubin and Martina Tingley for assistance in collecting the pollen samples; Silke Buschmann for pollen processing; Monique Belanger for data entry; and Monica Saaty for Figure 1. We greatly appreciated comments on the manuscript by Wally Wolfenden, Alan Gillespie, Jeff Pigati and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for this project came from grants from the Denver Museum of Nature and Science (03-377 NAU2011 and 03-377 NAU-2012) and the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program (G13AC00022). NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 542 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.005 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100007 ER PT J AU Strickland, LE Baker, RG Thompson, RS Miller, DM AF Strickland, Laura E. Baker, Richard G. Thompson, Robert S. Miller, Dane M. TI Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plant macrofossils; Last interglacial; Paleoecology; Paleoclimate ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; WESTERN NORWAY; CLEAR LAKE; POLLEN; BASIN; AGE; CALIFORNIA; TAPHONOMY; REMAINS AB Ninety plant macrofossil taxa from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado, record environmental changes at high elevation (2705 m asp in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. Present-day vegetation is aspen forest (Populus tremuloides) intermixed with species of higher (Picea, Abies) and lower (Artemisia, Quercus) elevations. Stratigraphic units 4-13 contain montane forest taxa found near the site today and several species that today generally live at lower elevations within (Abies concolor, Lycopus americanus) and outside Colorado (Najas flexilis). These data suggest near-modern climatic conditions, with slightly warmer summer and winter temperatures. This montane forest period was succeeded by a shorter treeless interval (Unit 14) representing colder and/or drier conditions. In units 15-16, conifer trees reoccur but deciduous and herb taxa are lacking, suggesting a return to warmer conditions, although cooler than during the earlier forest period. Comparison of these inferred paleoclimatic changes with the site's geochronologic framework indicates that the lower interval of sustained warmth correlates with late MIS 6-early 5b (similar to 138-94 ka), the cold interval with MIS 5b (similar to 94-87 ka), and the uppermost cool assemblages with MIS 5a (similar to 87-77 ka). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Strickland, Laura E.; Thompson, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Baker, Richard G.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Miller, Dane M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Strickland, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lstrickland@usgs.gov OI Baker, Richard/0000-0002-5460-725X NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.008 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100008 ER PT J AU Miller, DM Miller, IM Jackson, ST AF Miller, Dane M. Miller, Ian M. Jackson, Stephen T. TI Biogeography of Pleistocene conifer species from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pleistocene; Plant macrofossils; Conifers; Rocky Mountains; Morphometric analysis; Biogeography ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LATE-QUATERNARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOUISIANA-MISSISSIPPI; VEGETATION HISTORY; TUNICA HILLS; POLLEN; USA; RECORDS; WISCONSIN AB Pleistocene biogeography of conifer species is poorly known in much of western North America. We conducted morphological studies on 201 conifer cones and cone fragments recovered from Pleistocene sediments at the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (2705 m) near Snowmass Village, Colorado. The basin, formed similar to 155-130 ka, contains fossil-bearing lacustrine, palustrine, and colluvial sediments spanning approximately 85 ka. Using a suite of morphological characters, particularly cone-scale bracts, we differentiated species of Abies, Picea, and Pseudotsuga. All fossil Abies specimens were assignable based on bract morphology to Abies concolor, which is currently absent from central Colorado (nearest populations are 160 km southwest of the site). A. concolor occurs only in sediments of MIS 5d and 5c. Pseudotsuga menziesii and Picea engelmannii cones occurred in sediments corresponding to MIS 5e, 5d, 5c, and 5a. A fourth conifer species, occurring in sediments of MIS 5e, 5d, 5c, and 5a, is difficult to assign to any extant species. Bract morphology is similar to Picea pungens, which grows near the site today, but scale morphology is unlike P. pungens. These fossils may represent ancestral P. pungens, an extinct variant, or an extinct sister species. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Miller, Dane M.; Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Miller, Ian M.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Miller, Ian M.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Miller, DM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM miller.dm78@gmail.com NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.06.003 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100009 ER PT J AU Miller, IM Pigati, JS Anderson, RS Johnson, KR Mahan, SA Ager, TA Baker, RG Blaauw, M Bright, J Brown, PM Bryant, B Calamari, ZT Carrara, PE Cherney, MD Demboski, JR Elias, SA Fisher, DC Gray, HJ Haskett, DR Honke, JS Jackson, ST Jimenez-Moreno, G Kline, D Leonard, EM Lifton, NA Lucking, C McDonald, HG Miller, DM Muhs, DR Nash, SE Newton, C Paces, JB Petrie, L Plummer, MA Porinchu, DF Rountrey, AN Scott, E Sertich, JJW Sharpe, SE Skipp, GL Strickland, LE Stucky, RK Thompson, RS Wilson, J AF Miller, Ian M. Pigati, Jeffrey S. Anderson, R. Scott Johnson, Kirk R. Mahan, Shannon A. Ager, Thomas A. Baker, Richard G. Blaauw, Maarten Bright, Jordon Brown, Peter M. Bryant, Bruce Calamari, Zachary T. Carrara, Paul E. Cherney, Michael D. Demboski, John R. Elias, Scott A. Fisher, Daniel C. Gray, Harrison J. Haskett, Danielle R. Honke, Jeffrey S. Jackson, Stephen T. Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo Kline, Douglas Leonard, Eric M. Lifton, Nathaniel A. Lucking, Carol McDonald, H. Gregory Miller, Dane M. Muhs, Daniel R. Nash, Stephen E. Newton, Cody Paces, James B. Petrie, Lesley Plummer, Mitchell A. Porinchu, David F. Rountrey, Adam N. Scott, Eric Sertich, Joseph J. W. Sharpe, Saxon E. Skipp, Gary L. Strickland, Laura E. Stucky, Richard K. Thompson, Robert S. Wilson, Jim TI Summary of the Snowmastodon Project Special Volume A high-elevation, multi-proxy biotic and environmental record of MIS 6-4 from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rocky Mountains; Sangamon interglacial; Paleoclimate; Ziegler Reservoir; Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage; Mammut americanum; Mammuthus columbi ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; SCALE CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MARINE ISOTOPE STAGE-11; NORTH-AMERICA; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; POLLEN RECORD; ORBITAL-SCALE; UNITED-STATES; DEVILS-HOLE; DEEP-OCEAN AB In North America, terrestrial records of biodiversity and climate change that span Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 are rare. Where found, they provide insight into how the coupling of the ocean-atmosphere system is manifested in biotic and environmental records and how the biosphere responds to climate change. In 2010-2011, construction at Ziegler Reservoir near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA) revealed a nearly continuous, lacustrine/wetland sedimentary sequence that preserved evidence of past plant communities between similar to 140 and 55 lea, including all of MIS 5. At an elevation of 2705 m, the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site also contained thousands of well-preserved bones of late Pleistocene megafauna, including mastodons, mammoths, ground sloths, horses, camels, deer, bison, black bear, coyotes, and bighorn sheep. In addition, the site contained more than 26,000 bones from at least 30 species of small animals including salamanders, otters, muskrats, minks, rabbits, beavers, frogs, lizards, snakes, fish, and birds. The combination of macro- and micro-vertebrates, invertebrates, terrestrial and aquatic plant macrofossils, a detailed pollen record, and a robust, directly dated stratigraphic framework shows that high-elevation ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado are climatically sensitive and varied dramatically throughout MIS 5. (C) 2014 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Ian M.; Johnson, Kirk R.; Demboski, John R.; Kline, Douglas; Lucking, Carol; Nash, Stephen E.; Sertich, Joseph J. W.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Mahan, Shannon A.; Ager, Thomas A.; Carrara, Paul E.; Gray, Harrison J.; Honke, Jeffrey S.; Muhs, Daniel R.; Paces, James B.; Strickland, Laura E.; Thompson, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Johnson, Kirk R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Baker, Richard G.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Blaauw, Maarten] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Bright, Jordon] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Calamari, Zachary T.; Cherney, Michael D.; Fisher, Daniel C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Elias, Scott A.] Univ London, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Calamari, Zachary T.; Cherney, Michael D.; Fisher, Daniel C.; Rountrey, Adam N.] Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Haskett, Danielle R.; Porinchu, David F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.; Miller, Dane M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Granada 18002, Spain. [Leonard, Eric M.] Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Lifton, Nathaniel A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McDonald, H. Gregory; Stucky, Richard K.] Natl Pk Serv, Museum Management Program, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Newton, Cody] Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrie, Lesley] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Plummer, Mitchell A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Rountrey, Adam N.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Ctr Marine Futures, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Scott, Eric] San Bernardino Cty Museum, Redlands, CA 92374 USA. [Sharpe, Saxon E.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wilson, Jim] Aeon Labs LLC, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. RP Miller, IM (reprint author), Denver Museum Nat & Sci, 2001 Colorado Blvd, Denver, CO 80205 USA. EM ian.miller@dmns.org RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015; OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298; Gray, Harrison/0000-0002-4555-7473; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Rountrey, Adam/0000-0003-0939-9102 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 82 IS 3 BP 618 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.004 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AX5DB UT WOS:000346946100014 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Velpuri, NM Bohms, S Demissie, Y Gebremichael, M AF Senay, Gabriel B. Velpuri, Naga Manohar Bohms, Stefanie Demissie, Yonas Gebremichael, Mekonnen TI Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UPPER BLUE NILE; WATER-BALANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; RIVER DISCHARGE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ETHIOPIA; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTS; RAINFALL; MODEL AB In this study, we integrated satellite-drived precipitation and modeled evapotranspiration data (2000-2012) to describe spatial variability of hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin. Over 2000-2012 period, 4 out of 11 countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) in the Nile Basin showed a positive water balance while three downstream countries (South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt) showed a negative balance. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mass deviation in storage data analysis showed that at annual timescales, the Nile Basin storage change is substantial while over longer time periods, it is minimal (<1% of basin precipitation). We also used long-term gridded runoff and river discharge data (1869-1984) to understand the discrepancy in the observed and expected flow along the Nile River. The top three countries that contribute most to the flow are Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya. The study revealed that similar to 85% of the runoff generated in the equatorial region is lost in an interstation basin that includes the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan; this proportion is higher than the literature reported loss of 50% at the Sudd wetlands alone. The loss in runoff and flow volume at different sections of the river tend to be more than what can be explained by evaporation losses, suggesting a potential recharge to deeper aquifers that are not connected to the Nile channel systems. On the other hand, we also found that the expected average annual Nile flow at Aswan is greater (97 km(3)) than the reported amount (84 km(3)). Due to the large variations of the reported Nile flow at different locations and time periods, the study results indicate the need for increased hydrometeorological instrumentation of the basin. The study also helped improve our understanding of the spatial dynamics of water sources and sinks in the Nile Basin and identified emerging hydrologic questions that require further attention. C1 [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Velpuri, Naga Manohar] ASRC InuTeq LLC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Bohms, Stefanie] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Demissie, Yonas] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA USA. [Gebremichael, Mekonnen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov FU USGS EROS Center [G13PC00028, G10PC00044] FX All spatial data used in this research are available freely as stated in the methods section. We thank Sudan Minsitry of Water and Electricity for sharing discharge data with us. We thank Dr. Martin Jung of Max Planck Institute for sharing MPI Gridded FLUXNET data with us. We also thank Dr. Guleid Artan for his initial review and constructive comments. We thank Dr. Sandra Coopers, USGS Internal editor for editorial comments and suggestions that have greatly improved the readability of this article. We thank five anonymous reviewers and editors for their useful and insightful comments. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Work was performed under USGS EROS Center contract G13PC00028 (N. M. V.) and contract G10PC00044 (S. B.). NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 11 BP 8625 EP 8650 DI 10.1002/2013WR015231 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AX0PQ UT WOS:000346654600015 ER PT J AU Midekisa, A Senay, GB Wimberly, MC AF Midekisa, Alemayehu Senay, Gabriel B. Wimberly, Michael C. TI Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; SPECTRAL MIXTURE-MODELS; WESTERN KENYA HIGHLANDS; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST COVER; LAND-COVER; LARVAL HABITATS; HOUSEHOLD LEVEL; BITING BEHAVIOR AB Malaria is a major global public health problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The spatial heterogeneity of malaria can be affected by factors such as hydrological processes, physiography, and land cover patterns. Tropical wetlands, for example, are important hydrological features that can serve as mosquito breeding habitats. Mapping and monitoring of wetlands using satellite remote sensing can thus help to target interventions aimed at reducing malaria transmission. The objective of this study was to map wetlands and other major land cover types in the Amhara region of Ethiopia and to analyze district-level associations of malaria and wetlands across the region. We evaluated three random forests classification models using remotely sensed topographic and spectral data based on Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Landsat TM/ETM1 imagery, respectively. The model that integrated data from both sensors yielded more accurate land cover classification than single-sensor models. The resulting map of wetlands and other major land cover classes had an overall accuracy of 93.5%. Topographic indices and subpixel level fractional cover indices contributed most strongly to the land cover classification. Further, we found strong spatial associations of percent area of wetlands with malaria cases at the district level across the dry, wet, and fall seasons. Overall, our study provided the most extensive map of wetlands for the Amhara region and documented spatiotemporal associations of wetlands and malaria risk at a broad regional level. These findings can assist public health personnel in developing strategies to effectively control and eliminate malaria in the region. C1 [Midekisa, Alemayehu; Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Michael.Wimberly@sdstate.edu FU NASA through the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) program [NNX11AP79H]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01AI079411] FX This work was supported by NASA, grant NNX11AP79H, through the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) program and by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through grant R01AI079411. We acknowledge the Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau for their cooperation. Abere Mihretie, Paulos Semuniguse, and Hiwot Teka from the Health, Development, and Anti-Malaria Association collected the malaria surveillance data. Landsat surface reflectance products are courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The MODIS data were obtained from the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA (http://lpdaac.usgs.gov). We would like to thank Jeffrey J. Danielson at the USGS/EROS Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA for providing the DEM data and Nicholas Humphrey at South Dakota State University for digitizing Google Earth reference data. Data are available on request from the corresponding author. NR 88 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 11 BP 8791 EP 8806 DI 10.1002/2014WR015634 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AX0PQ UT WOS:000346654600023 PM 25653462 ER PT J AU Sukop, MC Cunningham, KJ AF Sukop, Michael C. Cunningham, Kevin J. TI Lattice Boltzmann methods applied to large-scale three-dimensional virtual cores constructed from digital optical borehole images of the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROSITY; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; SANDSTONE; LIMESTONE; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; GEOSTATISTICS; SIMULATIONS; WALL AB Digital optical borehole images at approximately 2 mm vertical resolution and borehole caliper data were used to create three-dimensional renderings of the distribution of (1) matrix porosity and (2) vuggy megaporosity for the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The renderings based on the borehole data were used as input into Lattice Boltzmann methods to obtain intrinsic permeability estimates for this extremely transmissive aquifer, where traditional aquifer test methods may fail due to very small drawdowns and non-Darcian flow that can reduce apparent hydraulic conductivity. Variogram analysis of the borehole data suggests a nearly isotropic rock structure at lag lengths up to the nominal borehole diameter. A strong correlation between the diameter of the borehole and the presence of vuggy megaporosity in the data set led to a bias in the variogram where the computed horizontal spatial autocorrelation is strong at lag distances greater than the nominal borehole size. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of flow across a 0.4 x 0.4 x 17 m (2.72 m(3) volume) parallel-walled column of rendered matrix and vuggy megaporosity indicates a high hydraulic conductivity of 53 m s(-1). This value is similar to previous Lattice Boltzmann calculations of hydraulic conductivity in smaller limestone samples of the Biscayne aquifer. The development of simulation methods that reproduce dual-porosity systems with higher resolution and fidelity and that consider flow through horizontally longer renderings could provide improved estimates of the hydraulic conductivity and help to address questions about the importance of scale. C1 [Sukop, Michael C.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cunningham, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Davie, FL USA. RP Sukop, MC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM sukopm@fiu.edu OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 FU U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science program; U.S. Geological Survey Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) program FX Supporting data consisting of the WellCAD (TM) file for the optical borehole image and caliper log for the work described herein can be found at the Water Resources Research website for this paper. The Lattice Boltzmann computer code can be found at https://code.google.com/p/lb3d-prime-dev/source/checkout. The U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science and Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) programs provided major project funding. Daniel Thorne (Georgetown College) assisted with computer programming. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 11 BP 8807 EP 8825 DI 10.1002/2014WR015465 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AX0PQ UT WOS:000346654600024 ER PT J AU Eppinger, M Pearson, T Koenig, SSK Pearson, O Hicks, N Agrawal, S Sanjar, F Galens, K Daugherty, S Crabtree, J Hendriksen, RS Price, LB Upadhyay, BP Shakya, G Fraser, CM Ravel, J Keim, PS AF Eppinger, Mark Pearson, Talima Koenig, Sara S. K. Pearson, Ofori Hicks, Nathan Agrawal, Sonia Sanjar, Fatemeh Galens, Kevin Daugherty, Sean Crabtree, Jonathan Hendriksen, Rene S. Price, Lance B. Upadhyay, Bishnu P. Shakya, Geeta Fraser, Claire M. Ravel, Jacques Keim, Paul S. TI Genomic Epidemiology of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak: a Single Introduction Followed by Rapid, Extensive, and Continued Spread Characterized the Onset of the Epidemic SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID BURROWS-WHEELER TRANSFORM; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; READ ALIGNMENT; DIVERSITY; STRAINS; ORIGIN AB For centuries, cholera has been one of the most feared diseases. The causative agent Vibrio cholerae is a waterborne Gram-negative enteric pathogen eliciting a severe watery diarrheal disease. In October 2010, the seventh pandemic reached Haiti, a country that had not experienced cholera for more than a century. By using whole-genome sequence typing and mapping strategies of 116 serotype O1 strains from global sources, including 44 Haitian genomes, we present a detailed reconstructed evolutionary history of the seventh pandemic with a focus on the Haitian outbreak. We catalogued subtle genomic alterations at the nucleotide level in the genome core and architectural rearrangements from whole-genome map comparisons. Isolates closely related to the Haitian isolates caused several recent outbreaks in southern Asia. This study provides evidence for a single-source introduction of cholera from Nepal into Haiti followed by rapid, extensive, and continued clonal expansion. The phylogeographic patterns in both southern Asia and Haiti argue for the rapid dissemination of V. cholerae across the landscape necessitating real-time surveillance efforts to complement the whole-genome epidemiological analysis. As eradication efforts move forward, phylogeographic knowledge will be important for identifying persistent sources and monitoring success at regional levels. The results of molecular and epidemiological analyses of this outbreak suggest that an indigenous Haitian source of V. cholerae is unlikely and that an indigenous source has not contributed to the genomic evolution of this clade. IMPORTANCE In this genomic epidemiology study, we have applied high-resolution whole-genome-based sequence typing methodologies on a comprehensive set of genome sequences that have become available in the aftermath of the Haitian cholera epidemic. These sequence resources enabled us to reassess the degree of genomic heterogeneity within the Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype and to refine boundaries and evolutionary relationships. The established phylogenomic framework showed how outbreak isolates fit into the global phylogeographic patterns compared to a comprehensive globally and temporally diverse strain collection and provides strong molecular evidence that points to a nonindigenous source of the 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak and refines epidemiological standards used in outbreak investigations for outbreak inclusion/exclusion following the concept of genomic epidemiology. The generated phylogenomic data have major public health relevance in translating sequence-based information to assist in future diagnostic, epidemiological, surveillance, and forensic studies of cholera. C1 [Eppinger, Mark; Sanjar, Fatemeh] Univ Texas San Antonio, STCEID, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Eppinger, Mark; Koenig, Sara S. K.; Sanjar, Fatemeh] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Pearson, Talima; Hicks, Nathan; Keim, Paul S.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Pearson, Ofori] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hicks, Nathan; Price, Lance B.; Keim, Paul S.] Translat Genom Res Inst TGen, Div Pathogen Genom, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Agrawal, Sonia; Galens, Kevin; Daugherty, Sean; Crabtree, Jonathan; Fraser, Claire M.; Ravel, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, IGS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hendriksen, Rene S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Upadhyay, Bishnu P.; Shakya, Geeta] Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Eppinger, M (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, STCEID, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM mark.eppinger@utsa.edu; paul.keim@nau.edu OI Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233 FU South Texas Center of Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID); Department of Biology at the University of Texas at San Antonio; National Institutes of Health [G12MD007591]; STCEID FX This study received support from the South Texas Center of Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID) and Department of Biology at the University of Texas at San Antonio and computational support from the Computational System Biology Core funded by the National Institutes of Health under contractG12MD007591. F.S. is supported in part by the STCEID. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 6 AR e01721 DI 10.1128/mBio.01721-14 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AX7CE UT WOS:000347073600004 PM 25370488 ER PT J AU Elliott, KH O'Reilly, KM Hatch, SA Gaston, AJ Hare, JF Anderson, WG AF Elliott, Kyle H. O'Reilly, Kathleen M. Hatch, Scott A. Gaston, Anthony J. Hare, James F. Anderson, W. Gary TI The prudent parent meets old age: A high stress response in very old seabirds supports the terminal restraint hypothesis SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Black-legged kittiwake; Free hormone hypothesis; Glucocorticoids; Rissa tridactyla; Senescence; Shy/reactive and bold/proactive personalities; Thick-billed murre; Uria lomvia ID LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TELOMERE LENGTH; HEART-RATE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FREE HORMONE; COMMON TERN; MARINE BIRD; LATE-LIFE AB The reproductive success of wild animals usually increases with age before declining at the end of life, but the proximate mechanisms underlying those patterns remain elusive. Young animals are expected to invest less in current reproduction due to high prospects for future reproduction (the "restraint" hypothesis). The oldest animals may also show restraint when conditions are sub-optimal where even a small increase in reproductive investment may lead to death ("terminal restraint"). Alternatively, reproduction may be constrained by lack of experience and senescence (the "constraint" hypothesis). In two species of breeding seabirds, behavioural (time to return the offspring, calmness during restraint) and physiological (metabolism, glucose and corticosterone) parameters responded similarly to stress with advancing age, implying a generalized stress response. Across those parameters, birds were "shy" (high stress response) when young or old, and "bold" (low stress response) when middle-aged. Specifically, free corticosterone, the principal avian glucocorticoid responsible for directing energy away from reproduction and towards immediate survival following stress, was highest in both young and very old stressed birds. All age groups had a similar adrenal capacity to produce corticosterone, implying that middleaged birds were showing restraint. Because the stress response, was highest at ages when the probability of current reproduction was lowest rather than at ages when the probability of future reproduction was highest we concluded that birds restrained reproductive investment based on current conditions rather than potential future opportunities. In particular, old birds showed terminal restraint when stressed. Hormonal cues promoted investment in adult survival over reproductive output at both the start and end of life consistent with the restraint hypothesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Elliott, Kyle H.; Hare, James F.; Anderson, W. Gary] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [O'Reilly, Kathleen M.] Univ Portland, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97203 USA. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gaston, Anthony J.] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Elliott, KH (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM urialomvia@gmail.com FU NSERC Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; ACUNS Garfield Weston Northern Studies scholarship; AINA Jennifer Robinson Scholarship; NSERC; Sigma Xi; Society of Canadian Ornithologists/Bird Studies Canada James Baillie Award; American Ornithologists' Union; Northern Scientific Training Program; M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust; Environment Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Project FX I. Dorresteijn, K. Elner, Z. Fitzner, E. Grosbellet, M. Guigueno, E. Kennedy, M. LeVaillant, J. Provencher, E. Rogers, J. Schultner, P. Smith, T. Van Nus, K. Woo, and especially M. Guigueno, A. Westphal and T. Wood helped in the field. J. Nakoolak kept us safe from bears. L. Chivers, B. Delehanty, C. Ryan, J. Welcker and T. Williams provided very useful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The manuscript was a chapter in KHE's PhD dissertation and benefited from comments by committee members J. Anderson, K. Campbell and F. Schweizer. R. Armstrong at the Nunavut Research Institute, M. Mallory at the Canadian Wildlife Service Northern Research Division and C. Eberl at National Wildlife Research Centre in Ottawa provided logistical support. KHE received financial support through a NSERC Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, ACUNS Garfield Weston Northern Studies scholarship and AINA Jennifer Robinson Scholarship. Research support came from the NSERC (JFH, WGA), the Sigma Xi grant-in-aid of research (KHE), the Society of Canadian Ornithologists/Bird Studies Canada James Baillie Award (KHE), the American Ornithologists' Union (KHE), the Northern Scientific Training Program (KHE, JFH), the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust (KMO), the Environment Canada (AJG) and the Polar Continental Shelf Project (AJG). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 105 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 67 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X EI 1095-6867 J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 66 IS 5 BP 828 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.11.001 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AX4BR UT WOS:000346879600014 PM 25448533 ER PT J AU De Siena, L Thomas, C Waite, GP Moran, SC Klemme, S AF De Siena, L. Thomas, C. Waite, G. P. Moran, S. C. Klemme, S. TI Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE attenuation tomography; scattering tomography; volcano tomography ID ACTIVE SEISMIC EXPERIMENT; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; P-WAVE; CRUSTAL HETEROGENEITY; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; MT. VESUVIUS; MAGMA SYSTEM; CODA WAVES; FAULT-ZONE; EARTHQUAKE AB We present a combined 3-D P wave attenuation, 2-D S coda attenuation, and 3-D S coda scattering tomography model of fluid pathways, feeding systems, and sediments below Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano between depths of 0 and 18 km. High-scattering and high-attenuation shallow anomalies are indicative of magma and fluid-rich zones within and below the volcanic edifice down to 6 km depth, where a high-scattering body outlines the top of deeper aseismic velocity anomalies. Both the volcanic edifice and these structures induce a combination of strong scattering and attenuation on any seismic wavefield, particularly those recorded on the northern and eastern flanks of the volcanic cone. North of the cone between depths of 0 and 10 km, a low-velocity, high-scattering, and high-attenuation north-south trending trough is attributed to thick piles of Tertiary marine sediments within the St. Helens Seismic Zone. A laterally extended 3-D scattering contrast at depths of 10 to 14 km is related to the boundary between upper and lower crust and caused in our interpretation by the large-scale interaction of the Siletz terrane with the Cascade arc crust. This contrast presents a low-scattering, 4-6 km(2) hole under the northeastern flank of the volcano. We infer that this section represents the main path of magma ascent from depths greater than 6 km at MSH, with a small north-east shift in the lower plumbing system of the volcano. We conclude that combinations of different nonstandard tomographic methods, leading toward full-waveform tomography, represent the future of seismic volcano imaging. C1 [De Siena, L.; Thomas, C.] Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [De Siena, L.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Waite, G. P.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Moran, S. C.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Klemme, S.] Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP De Siena, L (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Geophys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM lucadesiena@uni-muenster.de RI De Siena, Luca/I-8181-2015; OI De Siena, Luca/0000-0002-3615-5923; Waite, Gregory/0000-0002-7092-8125 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8223 EP 8238 DI 10.1002/2014JB011372 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX0QG UT WOS:000346656100013 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI The impact of static stress change, dynamic stress change, and the background stress on aftershock focal mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE stress triggering; focal mechanism ID 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; MAYOR-CUCAPAH EARTHQUAKE; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; HECTOR-MINE-EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SLIP HISTORY; SEQUENCE; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; FAULTS AB The focal mechanisms of earthquakes in Southern California before and after four M6.7 main shocks provide insight into how fault systems respond to stress and changes in stress. The main shock static stress changes have two observed impacts on the seismicity: changing the focal mechanisms in a given location to favor those aligned with the static stress change and changing the spatial distribution of seismicity to favor locations where the static stress change aligns with the background stress. The aftershock focal mechanisms are significantly aligned with the static stress changes for absolute stress changes of 0.02MPa, for up to similar to 20years following the main shock. The dynamic stress changes have similar, although smaller, effects on the local focal mechanisms and the spatial seismicity distribution. Dynamic stress effects are best observed at long periods (30-60s) and for metrics based on repeated stress cycling in the same direction. This implies that dynamic triggering operates, at least in part, through cyclic shear stress loading in the direction of fault slip. The background stress also strongly controls both the preshock and aftershock mechanisms. While most aftershock mechanisms are well oriented in the background stress field, 10% of aftershocks are identified as poorly oriented outliers, which may indicate limited heterogeneity in the postmain shock stress field. The fault plane orientations of the outliers are well oriented in the background stress, while their slip directions are not, implying that the background stress restricts the distribution of available fault planes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8239 EP 8266 DI 10.1002/2014JB011533 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX0QG UT WOS:000346656100014 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Geist, EL Ryan, HF Lee, HJ Haeussler, PJ Lynett, P Hart, PE Sliter, R Roland, E AF Parsons, Tom Geist, Eric L. Ryan, Holly F. Lee, Homa J. Haeussler, Peter J. Lynett, Patrick Hart, Patrick E. Sliter, Ray Roland, Emily TI Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE 1964 Alaska earthquake; landslide tsunamis; bathymetry; seismic reflection imaging; tsunami modeling ID GENERATION; MORPHOLOGY; SEA; GEOMORPHOLOGY; ELEVATION; MOBILITY; HAZARD; MARGIN; RUNUP; MODEL AB Like many subduction zone earthquakes, the deadliest aspects of the 1964 M=9.2 Alaska earthquake were the tsunamis it caused. The worst of these were generated by local submarine landslides induced by the earthquake. These caused high runups, engulfing several coastal towns in Prince William Sound. In this paper, we study one of these cases in detail, the Port Valdez submarine landslide and tsunami. We combine eyewitness reports, preserved film, and careful posttsunami surveys with new geophysical data to inform numerical models for landslide tsunami generation. We review the series of events as recorded at Valdez old town and then determine the corresponding subsurface events that led to the tsunami. We build digital elevation models of part of the pretsunami and posttsunami fjord-head delta. Comparing them reveals a similar to 1500m long region that receded 150m to the east, which we interpret as the primary delta landslide source. Multibeam imagery and high-resolution seismic reflection data identify a similar to 400m wide chute with hummocky deposits at its terminus, which may define the primary slide path. Using these elements we run hydrodynamic models of the landslide-driven tsunamis that match observations of current direction, maximum inundation, and wave height at Valdez old town. We speculate that failure conditions at the delta front may have been influenced by manmade changes in drainage patterns as well as the fast retreat of Valdez and other glaciers during the past century. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Geist, Eric L.; Ryan, Holly F.; Lee, Homa J.; Hart, Patrick E.; Sliter, Ray] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.; Roland, Emily] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Lynett, Patrick] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Roland, Emily] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8502 EP 8516 DI 10.1002/2014JB011514 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX0QG UT WOS:000346656100027 ER PT J AU Oberle, FKJ Storlazzi, CD Hanebuth, TJJ AF Oberle, Ferdinand K. J. Storlazzi, Curt D. Hanebuth, Till J. J. TI Wave-driven sediment mobilization on a storm-controlled continental shelf (Northwest Iberia) SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Waves; Continental shelf; Sediment mobilization; Modeling; Ecosystems; Iberia ID PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; NORTHERN PORTUGUESE SHELF; LOW-ACCUMULATION SHELF; GALICIA NW SPAIN; SYSTEM NW; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; WINTER DYNAMICS; COASTAL REGIONS; MID-SHELF; BOTTOM AB Seafloor sediment mobilization on the inner Northwest Iberian continental shelf is caused largely by ocean surface waves. The temporal and spatial variability in the wave height, wave period, and wave direction has a profound effect on local sediment mobilization, leading to distinct sediment mobilization scenarios. Six grain-size specific sediment mobilization scenarios, representing seasonal average and storm conditions, were simulated with a physics-based numerical model. Model inputs included meteorological and oceanographic data in conjunction with seafloor grain-size and the shelf bathymetric data. The results show distinct seasonal variations, most importantly in wave height, leading to sediment mobilization, specifically on the inner shelf shallower than 30 m water depth where up to 49% of the shelf area is mobilized. Medium to severe storm events are modeled to mobilize up to 89% of the shelf area above 150 m water depth. The frequency of each of these seasonal and storm-related sediment mobilization scenarios is addressed using a decade of meteorological and oceanographic data. The temporal and spatial patterns of the modeled sediment mobilization scenarios are discussed in the context of existing geological and environmental processes and conditions to assist scientific, industrial and environmental efforts that are directly affected by sediment mobilization. Examples, where sediment mobilization plays a vital role, include seafloor nutrient advection, recurrent arrival of oil from oil-spill-laden seafloor sediment, and bottom trawling impacts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oberle, Ferdinand K. J.; Hanebuth, Till J. J.] Univ Bremen, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, MARUM, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Oberle, FKJ (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, MARUM, Leobener Str, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM foberle@marum.de OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU GLOMAR graduate school of the DFG Research Center MARUM; US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program through the Marine Geomorphology, Evolution, and Habitats Project; DFG [HA 4317/4-2] FX This work was supported by travel funding from the GLOMAR graduate school of the DFG Research Center MARUM. FO would like to thank Bob Rosenbauer and Jane Reid for their support at the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. In many ways Brian Edwards' (USGS) and Peter Swarzenski's (USGS) contagious enthusiasm made this project possible. CS was funded by the US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program through the Marine Geomorphology, Evolution, and Habitats Project. TH acknowledges a DFG Heisenberg fellowship (HA 4317/4-2). This article is a publication of the DFG 543 Research Center/Excellence Cluster "The Ocean in the Earth System" at the University of Bremen. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 139 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.018 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AX6FD UT WOS:000347017700030 ER PT J AU Song, K Hernandez, ME Batson, JA Mitsch, WJ AF Song, Keunyea Hernandez, Maria E. Batson, Jacqulyn A. Mitsch, William J. TI Long-term denitrification rates in created riverine wetlands and their relationship with environmental factors SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Created wetland; Nitrogen retention; Denitrification; Wetland hydrology; Aboveground net primary productivity; Olentangy River Wetland Research Park ID RIPARIAN WETLANDS; WATER; NITRATE; SOIL; VEGETATION; RETENTION; DIVERSITY; HYDROLOGY; ACETYLENE; COMMUNITY AB Created wetlands that mimic structure and functions of natural wetlands have been widely applied mainly as a means for water quality improvement. Denitrification is a process that is considered to be important, especially in wetlands with their anaerobic soils, for the removal of nitrogen. In this study, we assessed the temporal and spatial patterns of denitrification from created wetlands over a relatively long time scale of 6 years. We found that denitrification rates were highly variable, ranging from 2.1 to 5288 mu g m(-2) h(-1) over that 6-year study period. Overall denitrification followed expected seasonal patterns, depending on temperature and nitrate concentrations in the surface water. We also found higher denitrification in open water and deep marsh areas than in shallow and wetland edge areas, likely the result of oxygen depletion in deeper water areas. Denitrification was also regulated by hydrologic regime. The highest mean denitrification rate (506 mu g m-2 h-1) was observed in 2004 when the wetlands received artificial hydrologic pulses and the lowest rates (217 tig m(-2) h(-1)) were observed in 2008, when wetlands were drier than in other years. The presence/absence of vegetation had little influence of spatial and seasonal variations of denitrification. However, annual variations of denitrification tended to be related to vegetation productivity as indicated by aboveground net primary productivity. This result suggests that denitrification rates may have been suppressed by plants creating aerobic condition in their rhizospheres. The high spatio-temporal patterns of denitrification seen in these created wetlands were caused mainly by a complex interaction of hydrology, nitrate-nitrogen concentrations and temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Keunyea] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Hernandez, Maria E.] Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. [Batson, Jacqulyn A.] USGS, Natl Res Program Water Resources, Reston, VA USA. [Mitsch, William J.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Kapnick Ctr, Naples, FL 34112 USA. RP Mitsch, WJ (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Kapnick Ctr, Everglades Wetland Res Pk,4940 Bayshore Dr, Naples, FL 34112 USA. EM wmitsch@fgcu.edu OI Mitsch, William/0000-0001-8348-3172 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [EM-83329801-0, MX95413108]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1033451]; U.S. Department of Agriculture NRI CSREES [2003-35102-13518]; Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) Scholarship [169000]; Payne grant from the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center of The Ohio State University; Ohio State University's Graduate Fellowship Program; Environmental Science Graduate Program FX Funding and support for this study was provided, in part, by US Environmental Protection Agency grants EM-83329801-0 and MX95413108; National Science Foundation grant CBET-1033451, U.S. Department of Agriculture NRI CSREES award 2003-35102-13518, Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) Scholarship # 169000, and a Payne grant from the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center of The Ohio State University. The Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park (ORWRP) at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio and The Ohio State University's Graduate Fellowship Program and Environmental Science Graduate Program provided additional assistance for student support. Ulo Mander, Sandy Sha, Chris Cooley, and Sherr Vue assisted with field measurements. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.041 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA AW6NY UT WOS:000346387300005 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Midway, SR AF Wagner, Tyler Midway, Stephen R. TI Modeling spatially varying landscape change points in species occurrence thresholds SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE hierarchical Bayesian; landscape; Salvelinus fontinalis; species occurrence; thresholds ID BROOK TROUT; MACROSYSTEMS ECOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; MANAGEMENT; OCCUPANCY; SCALE; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE; DISTURBANCE AB Predicting species distributions at scales of regions to continents is often necessary, as large-scale phenomena influence the distributions of spatially structured populations. Land use and land cover are important large-scale drivers of species distributions, and landscapes are known to create species occurrence thresholds, where small changes in a landscape characteristic results in abrupt changes in occurrence. The value of the landscape characteristic at which this change occurs is referred to as a change point. We present a hierarchical Bayesian threshold model (HBTM) that allows for estimating spatially varying parameters, including change points. Our model also allows for modeling estimated parameters in an effort to understand large-scale drivers of variability in land use and land cover on species occurrence thresholds. We use range-wide detection/nondetection data for the eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a stream-dwelling salmonid, to illustrate our HBTM for estimating and modeling spatially varying threshold parameters in species occurrence. We parameterized the model for investigating thresholds in landscape predictor variables that are measured as proportions, and which are therefore restricted to values between 0 and 1. Our HBTM estimated spatially varying thresholds in brook trout occurrence for both the proportion agricultural and urban land uses. There was relatively little spatial variation in change point estimates, although there was spatial variability in the overall shape of the threshold response and associated uncertainty. In addition, regional mean stream water temperature was correlated to the change point parameters for the proportion of urban land use, with the change point value increasing with increasing mean stream water temperature. We present a framework for quantify macrosystem variability in spatially varying threshold model parameters in relation to important large-scale drivers such as land use and land cover. Although the model presented is a logistic HBTM, it can easily be extended to accommodate other statistical distributions for modeling species richness or abundance. C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Midway, Stephen R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2014 VL 5 IS 11 AR 145 DI 10.1890/ES14-00288.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW8DO UT WOS:000346491100005 ER PT J AU Leveille, RJ Bridges, J Wiens, RC Mangold, N Cousin, A Lanza, N Forni, O Ollila, A Grotzinger, J Clegg, S Siebach, K Berger, G Clark, B Fabre, C Anderson, R Gasnault, O Blaney, D Deflores, L Leshin, L Maurice, S Newsom, H AF Leveille, Richard J. Bridges, John Wiens, Roger C. Mangold, Nicolas Cousin, Agnes Lanza, Nina Forni, Olivier Ollila, Ann Grotzinger, John Clegg, Samuel Siebach, Kirsten Berger, Gilles Clark, Ben Fabre, Cecile Anderson, Ryan Gasnault, Olivier Blaney, Diana Deflores, Lauren Leshin, Laurie Maurice, Sylvestre Newsom, Horton TI Chemistry of fracture-filling raised ridges in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater: Window into past aqueous activity and habitability on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; diagenesis; mudstone; smectite; magnesium; LIBS ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DEPTH-PROFILE ANALYSIS; CLAY MINERAL FORMATION; CEMENT STRATIGRAPHY; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SNC METEORITE; SAPONITE; CHEMCAM; INSTRUMENT; HISTORY AB The ChemCam instrument package on the Curiosity rover was used to characterize distinctive raised ridges in the Sheepbed mudstone, Yellowknife Bay formation, Gale Crater. The multilayered, fracture-filling ridges are more resistant to erosion than the Sheepbed mudstone rock in which they occur. The bulk average composition of the raised ridges is enriched in MgO by 1.2-1.7 times (average of 8.3-11.4 wt %; single-shot maximum of 17.0 wt %) over that of the mudstone. Al2O3 is anticorrelated with MgO, while Li is somewhat enriched where MgO is highest. Some ridges show a variation in composition with different layers on a submillimeter scale. In particular, the McGrath target shows similar high-MgO resistant outer layers and a low-MgO, less resistant inner layer. This is consistent with the interpretation that the raised ridges are isopachous fracture-filling cements with a stratigraphy that likely reveals changes in fluid composition or depositional conditions over time. Overall, the average composition of the raised ridges is close to that of a Mg- and Fe-rich smectite, or saponite, which may also be the main clay mineral constituent of the host mudstone. These analyses provide evidence of diagenesis and aqueous activity in the early postdepositional history of the Yellowknife Bay formation, consistent with a low salinity to brackish fluid at near-neutral or slightly alkaline pH. The fluids that circulated through the fractures likely interacted with the Sheepbed mudstone and (or) other stratigraphically adjacent rock units of basaltic composition and leached Mg from them preferentially. C1 [Leveille, Richard J.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. [Leveille, Richard J.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Wiens, Roger C.; Cousin, Agnes; Lanza, Nina; Clegg, Samuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mangold, Nicolas] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France. [Forni, Olivier; Berger, Gilles; Gasnault, Olivier; Maurice, Sylvestre] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Forni, Olivier; Berger, Gilles; Gasnault, Olivier; Maurice, Sylvestre] CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Ollila, Ann; Newsom, Horton] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Grotzinger, John; Siebach, Kirsten] CALTECH, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Clark, Ben] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Fabre, Cecile] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources UMR CNRS, Nancy, France. [Anderson, Ryan] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Blaney, Diana; Deflores, Lauren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Leshin, Laurie] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. RP Leveille, RJ (reprint author), Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. EM rich.leveille@gmail.com RI BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Siebach, Kirsten/0000-0002-6628-6297; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA's Mars Program Office; Canadian Space Agency; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The MSL mission is funded by NASA's Mars Program Office. R.J.L. received financial support from the Canadian Space Agency. The French contribution to ChemCam on MSL is supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). We acknowledge the whole MSL team and JPL, in particular, for developing and leading this successful mission. We also thank the reviewers for their excellent comments, which greatly helped to improve the manuscript. The data reported in this paper are archived at the Planetary Data System, accessible at http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl/index.htm. NR 72 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 2398 EP 2415 DI 10.1002/2014JE004620 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW5XU UT WOS:000346345100008 ER PT J AU Kemp, AC Bernhardt, CE Horton, BP Kopp, RE Vane, CH Peltier, WR Hawkes, AD Donnelly, JP Parnell, AC Cahill, N AF Kemp, Andrew C. Bernhardt, Christopher E. Horton, Benjamin P. Kopp, Robert E. Vane, Christopher H. Peltier, W. Richard Hawkes, Andrea D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Parnell, Andrew C. Cahill, Niamh TI Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the US southeastern Atlantic coast SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salt marsh; Foraminifera; Glacio-isostatic adjustment Greenland finger-print; Florida ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SALT-MARSH FORAMINIFERA; UNITED-STATES; GULF-STREAM; NORTH-CAROLINA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; JUNCUS-ROEMERIANUS; CARBON ISOTOPES; TIDAL MARSH; ICE-5G VM2 AB Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed similar to 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past similar to 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 +/- 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 +/- 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850-1890 CE and it is virtually certain (P = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kemp, Andrew C.] Tufts Univ, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.; Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Earth Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Energy Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Peltier, W. Richard] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hawkes, Andrea D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Donnelly, Jeffrey P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parnell, Andrew C.; Cahill, Niamh] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Kemp, AC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM andrew.kemp@tufts.edu RI Peltier, William/A-1102-2008; Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428 FU NOAA [NA11OAR431010]; NSF [EAR-0952032, EAR-1052848, EAR-1419366, ARC-1203415]; BGS climate and landscape research program; SimSci; European regional development fund; USGS Climate and Land Use RD program FX This work was supported by NOAA (NA11OAR431010), NSF (EAR-0952032, EAR-1052848, EAR-1419366, and ARC-1203415), the BGS climate and landscape research program, and SimSci under the program for research in third-level institutions and co-funded under the European regional development fund. Bernhardt is funded through the USGS Climate and Land Use R&D program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Vane publishes with the permission of the Director of the British Geological Survey. We thank R. Drummond for generating Earth-ice model predictions. C. Smith (USGS) provided constructive comments. We thank the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on this manuscript. This is a contribution to IGCP 588 and PALSEA2. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 357 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AW8XM UT WOS:000346542700007 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Collett, TS Lee, MW Yang, SX Guo, YQ Wu, SG AF Wang, Xiujuan Collett, Timothy S. Lee, Myung W. Yang, Shengxiong Guo, Yiqun Wu, Shiguo TI Geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate from core, downhole log, and seismic data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Coarse-grained; Thermogenic; Geologic controls; South China Sea ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PROJECT LEG II; BOTTOM SIMULATING REFLECTORS; PEARL RIVER MOUTH; GREEN CANYON 955; DEEP-WATER; METHANE HYDRATE; NORTHERN SLOPE; SEDIMENT WAVES; FLUID MIGRATION AB Multi-channel seismic reflection data, well logs, and recovered sediment cores have been used in this study to characterize the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea. The concept of the "gas hydrate petroleum system" has allowed for the systematic analysis of the impact of gas source, geologic controls on gas migration, and the role of the host sediment in the formation and stability of gas hydrates as encountered during the 2007 Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Gas Hydrate Expedition (GMGS-1) in the Shenhu area. Analysis of seismic and bathymetric data identified seventeen sub-linear, nearparallel submarine canyons in this area. These canyons, formed in the Miocene, migrated in a northeasterly direction, and resulted in the burial and abandonment of canyons partially filled by coarse-grained sediments. Downhole wireline log (DWL) data were acquired from eight drill sites and sediment coring was conducted at five of these sites, which revealed the presence of suitable reservoirs for the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate accumulations. Gas hydrate-bearing sediment layers were identified from well log and core data at three sites mainly within silt and silt clay sediments. Gas hydrate was also discovered in a sand reservoir at one site as inferred from the analysis of the DWL data. Seismic anomalies attributed to the presence of gas below the base of gas hydrate stability zone, provided direct evidence for the migration of gas into the overlying gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary sections. Geochemical analyses of gas samples collected from cores confirmed that the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area is controlled by the presence thermogenic methane gas that has migrated into the gas hydrate stability zone from a more deeply buried source. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Collett, Timothy S.; Lee, Myung W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun] Guangzhou Marine Geol Survey, MLR, Guangzhou 510075, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM wangxiujuan@qdio.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41276053]; Chinese National Basic Research Program [2009CB219505]; National 127 Project [GZH201100305] FX We thank the gas hydrate science team of the gas hydrate program expedition Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey-1 (GMGS-1). We would like to thank Fang Chen in Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, who answered many questions about mineral components of core samples. We thank the Chinese Academy of Sciences and U.S. Geological Survey to carry out this joint study. Sponsorship from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41276053), the Chinese National Basic Research Program (2009CB219505) and the National 127 Project (GZH201100305). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 357 BP 272 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.09.040 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AW8XM UT WOS:000346542700021 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA AF Warrick, Jonathan A. TI Reply on "Eel River margin source-to-sink sediment budgets: Revisited" by JA Warrick [Marine Geology 351(2014) 25-37] SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTH-COASTAL CALIFORNIA; DISCHARGE C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 357 BP 404 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.09.044 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AW8XM UT WOS:000346542700031 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Walvoord, MA Raymond, PA Butler, KD Dornblaser, MM Heckman, K AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Walvoord, Michelle A. Raymond, Peter A. Butler, Kenna D. Dornblaser, Mark M. Heckman, Katherine TI Using dissolved organicmatter age and composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE permafrost; dissolved organic matter; radiocarbon; rivers; boreal; carbon ID BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; CARBON ACCUMULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MINERAL SOILS; YUKON RIVER; DOC EXPORT; MATTER; CATCHMENT; NORTHERN AB Recent warming at high latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw, which can modify soil carbon dynamics and watershed hydrology. The flux and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils to rivers are sensitive to permafrost configuration and its impact on subsurface hydrology and groundwater discharge. Here, we evaluate the utility of DOM composition and age as a tool for detecting permafrost thaw in three rivers (Beaver, Birch, and Hess Creeks) within the discontinuous permafrost zone of interior Alaska. We observed strong temporal controls on C-14 content of hydrophobic acid isolates (C-14-HPOA) across all rivers, with the most enriched values occurring during spring snowmelt (758) and most depleted during winter flow (-218). Radiocarbon ages of winter flow samples ranged from 35 to 445yr BP, closely tracking estimated median base flow travel times for this region (335years). During spring snowmelt, young DOM was composed of highly aromatic, high molecular-weight compounds, whereas older DOM of winter flow had lower aromaticity and molecular weight. We observed a significant correlation between C-14-HPOA and UV absorbance coefficient at 254nm ((254)) across all study rivers. Using (254) as an optical indicator for C-14-HPOA, we also observed a long-term decline in (254) during maximum annual thaw depth over the last decade at the Hess Creek study site. These findings suggest a shift in watershed hydrology associated with increasing active layer thickness. Further development of DOM optical indicators may serve as a novel and inexpensive tool for detecting permafrost degradation in northern watersheds. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.; Dornblaser, Mark M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Heckman, Katherine] US Forest Serv, USDA, Livermore, CA USA. [Heckman, Katherine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM jaodonnell@nps.gov RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860 FU National Research Program and Climate Effects Network of the Water, Climate, and Land Use Change Mission Areas of the US Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Research Program and Climate Effects Network of the Water, Climate, and Land Use Change Mission Areas of the US Geological Survey. The manuscript was greatly improved thanks to comments by the Editor, Associate Editor, two anonymous reviewers, and Brett Poulin. We would like to thank Karena Schmidt (Michigan Tech) for graphitizing HPOA isolates and Jennifer Eikenberry (Michigan Tech) for analyzing 13C content of HPOA isolates. We also thank Heather Best (USGS Fairbanks) for helping with field logistics and sample collection and Jennifer Barnes for assistance in making Figure 8b. Interested users can contact the corresponding author for access to data presented and analyzed here. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 2155 EP 2170 DI 10.1002/2014JG002695 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW3LS UT WOS:000346188800007 ER PT J AU Banko, PC Hess, SC Scowcroft, PG Farmer, C Jacobi, JD Stephens, RM Camp, RJ Leonard, DL Brinck, KW Juvik, JO Juvik, SP AF Banko, Paul C. Hess, Steven C. Scowcroft, Paul G. Farmer, Chris Jacobi, James D. Stephens, Robert M. Camp, Richard J. Leonard, David L., Jr. Brinck, Kevin W. Juvik, J. O. Juvik, S. P. TI Evaluating the long-term management of introduced ungulates to protect the palila, an endangered bird, and its critical habitat in subalpine forest of Mauna Kea, Hawai'i SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FERAL HERBIVORES; ELEVATION; MAMANE; ECOSYSTEMS; RECOVERY; IMPACT; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; PARASITISM; EXCLUSION AB Under the multiple-use paradigm, conflicts may arise when protection of an endangered species must compete with other management objectives. To resolve such a conflict in the Critical Habitat of the endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, palila (Loxioides bailleui), federal courts ordered the eradication of introduced ungulates responsible for damaging the mamane (Sophora chrysophylla) forest on which palila depend. During 1980-2011, a total of 18,130 sheep (Ovis aries and O. gmelini musimon) and 310 goats (Capra hircus) were removed from Palila Critical Habitat (PCH) primarily by public hunters (54%) and secondarily by aerial shooting. Nevertheless, our analysis indicates that ungulates have increased over time. Palila numbers have declined sharply since 2003 due to long-term habitat degradation by ungulates and drought. Although culling ungulate populations has allowed some habitat improvement, their complete removal is necessary for palila to recover, especially given the potential for continued drought. Introduced predators are being controlled to reduce palila mortality, mamane and other native trees are being planted to restore some areas, and fencing is being constructed to prevent ungulate immigration. Funds are recently available for more effective eradication efforts, which are urgently needed to eliminate browsing damage in PCH and protect the palila from extinction. C1 [Banko, Paul C.; Hess, Steven C.; Jacobi, James D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Scowcroft, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Farmer, Chris] Amer Bird Conservancy, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Farmer, Chris; Camp, Richard J.; Brinck, Kevin W.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Stephens, Robert M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Leonard, David L., Jr.] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Leonard, David L., Jr.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Leonard, David L., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Camp, Richard J.; Brinck, Kevin W.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geog, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Banko, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM pbanko@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was made possible thanks to major funding from the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i, and U.S. Geological Survey wildlife research program. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), American Bird Conservatory, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Hawai`i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Arbor Day Foundation, American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, and University of Hawai`i at Hilo. We thank the Office of Mauna Kea Management for hosting the symposium in which these results were presented and for supporting the publication of this article. The USFWS and Hawai 1 Division of Forestry and Wildlife provided permits and access to study sites. We are very grateful to the hundreds of technicians, students, and volunteers who assisted with field studies over the past 30 years. We thank Paul Berkowitz for his assistance with Figure 1. We thank David Henlcin and Jay Nelson for their comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. We thank Susan Culliney for help with interpreting and citing the legal highlights (Appendix). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 97 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 SI SI BP 871 EP 889 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.871 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AW3YR UT WOS:000346219500016 ER PT J AU Jones, NM Hoover, BA Heppell, SA Kuletz, KJ AF Jones, Nathan M. Hoover, Brian A. Heppell, Scott A. Kuletz, Kathy J. TI A cross-shelf gradient in delta N-15 stable isotope values of krill and pollock indicates seabird foraging patterns in the Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Isotopes; Shelf edge; Murre; Kittiwake; Rissa tridactyla; Uria lomvia; Food web; Habitat partitioning ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; LIPID EXTRACTION; SPATIAL VARIATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; GROWTH-RATE; FOOD-WEB; CARBON; NITROGEN AB Concurrent measurements of predator and prey delta N-15 isotope values demonstrated that a cross-shelf isotopic gradient can propagate through a marine food web from forage species to top-tier predators and indicate foraging areas at a scale of tens of kilometers. We measured delta N-13 and delta N-15 in muscle tissues of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), and in whole body tissues of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and krill (Thysanoessa spp), sampled across the continental shelf break in the Bering Sea in 2008 and in 2009. We found significant basin-shelf differences at fine scales (< 100 km) in delta N-15 among murres but not kittiwakes, and no such differences in delta N-13 in either seabird species at that scale. We then quantified the multi-trophic signal and spatial structure of a basin-shelf delta(15)Nitrogen gradient in the central and southern Bering Sea, and used it to contrast foraging patterns of thick-billed murres and kittiwakes on the open ocean. Seabird muscle delta N-15 values were compared to baselines created from measurements in krill and pollock tissues sampled concurrently throughout the study area. Krill, pollock, and murre tissues from northern, shallow, shelf habitat (< 200 m) were enriched 1-2 parts per thousand in delta N-15 relative to samples taken from deeper habitats (>200 m) to the south and west. Krill delta N-15 baseline values predicted 35-42% of the variability in murre tissue values. Patterns between kittiwakes and prey were less coherent. The persistence of strong spatial autocorrelation among sample values, and a congruence of geospatial patterns in 615N among murre and prey tissues, suggest that murres forage repeatedly in specific areas. Murre isotope values showed distinct geospatial stratification, coincident with the spatial distribution of three colonies: St. Paul, St. George, and Bogoslof. This suggests some degree of foraging habitat partitioning among colonies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Nathan M.; Hoover, Brian A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95616 USA. [Heppell, Scott A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratoty Birds Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Jones, NM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95616 USA. EM njones@mlml.calstate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board (BSIERP/Patch Dynamics Study) [B67, B77] FX This investigation made use of seabird tissues originally collected during the Patch Dynamics Study, which was a component of the North Pacific Research Board Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystems Research Program. Birds were collected with a shotgun under the auspices of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS/Migratory Bird collection permit #MB08537-1) and Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Fish and Game #08-134). Bird collection procedures were approved by the San Jose State University Animal Care and Use committee (IACUC Harvey#926), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (IACUC #2008013). Prey species were collected under Oregon State University Animal Care and Use Protocol #3659, with Fish and Game collection permit #CF-09-094 from Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The study was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (BSIERP/Patch Dynamics Study Projects B67 and B77). This is BEST-BSIERP publication number 133, and NPRB publication number 476. We thank the captains and crew members of the F/V Frosti and F/V Gold Rush for their expert seamanship, commitment to safety, enthusiasm for science, and tireless efforts in support of the data collected at sea. We thank Luke Whitman for his help in data collection and logistics. We thank Larry Boyle (AK Fish and Game), David Irons (USFWS), and Dan Roby (OSU) for consulting on seabird collections activity; Kathy Turco for her expert prey I.D.; Michelle St. Peters (USFWS) for logistics support; Rick Doucett (NAU), Tim Howe (UAF), and Norma Haubenstock (UAF) for professional attention to detail and their truly exceptional generosity with time and lab resources; Larry Young for IACUC consulting at SJSU; Jim Harvey (MLML), and two anonymous reviewers for their generous time to review initial drafts of this manuscript; Dan Roby at OSU, and Hannah Nevins at California Fish and Game for providing seabird processing facilities, and to the students and technicians at Moss Landing Marine Labs and OSU for their time in processing collected seabirds. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.04.008 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900020 ER PT J AU Renner, HM Drummond, BA Benson, AM Paredes, R AF Renner, Heather M. Drummond, Brie A. Benson, Anna-Marie Paredes, Rosana TI Reproductive success of kittiwakes and murres in sequential stages of the nesting period: Relationships with diet and oceanography SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Marine birds; Diets; Black-legged kittiwake; Thick-billed murre; Reproductive success; Pribilof Islands; Bering Sea; Alaska; USA ID LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; BREEDING SUCCESS; OCEAN CLIMATE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; STRESS HORMONES; PREY SELECTION; CLUTCH-SIZE AB Reproductive success is one of the most easily-measured and widely studied demographic parameters of colonial nesting seabirds. Nevertheless, factors affecting the sequential stages (egg laying, incubation, chickrearing) of reproductive success are less understood. We investigated the separate sequential stages of reproductive success in piscivorous black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) using a 36-year dataset (1975-2010) on the major Pribilof Islands (St. Paul and St. George), which have recently had contrasting population trajectories. Our objectives were to evaluate how the proportion of successful nests varied among stages, and to quantify factors influencing the probability of nest success at each stage in each island. We modeled the probability of nest success at each stage using General Linear Mixed Models incorporating broad-scale and local climate variables, and diet as covariates as well as other measures of reproduction such as timing of breeding and reproductive output in the previous year and previous stage. For both species we found: (1) Success in previous stages of the breeding cycle and success in the prior year better explained overall success than any environmental variables. Phenology was also an important predictor of laying success for kittiwakes. (2) Fledging success was lower when chick diets contained oceanic fish found farther from the colonies and small invertebrates, rather than coastal fish species. (3) Differences in reproductive variables at St. Paul and St. George islands did not correspond to population trends between the two islands. Our results highlight the potential importance of adult condition and annual survival to kittiwake and murre productivity and ultimately, populations. Adult condition carrying over from the previous year ultimately seems to drive annual breeding success in a cascade effect. Furthermore, condition and survival appear to be important contributors to population dynamics at each island. Therefore, adult condition and survival prior to breeding, and factors that influence these parameters such as foraging conditions in the non-breeding season, may be important datasets for understanding drivers of seabird demography at the Pribilof Islands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Renner, Heather M.; Drummond, Brie A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Benson, Anna-Marie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Paredes, Rosana] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Renner, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Hwy,Suite I, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM heather_renner@fws.gov FU North Pacific Research Board, BSIERP [B65] FX We are grateful to the many researchers who contributed productivity and diet data from the Pribilof Islands: M.S.W. Bradstreet, D.E. Dragoo, G.L. Hunt, M. Ito, D. Lloyd, A.M. Springer, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Countless field workers have worked through rain, wind, and fog to collect these data. Our BSIERP collaborators, especially D.B. Irons, N. Jones, A.S. Kitaysky, K. Kuletz, R. Orben, R. Paredes, and D.D. Roby, have provided invaluable contributions, support, and advice throughout this project. We thank J. Reynolds for substantial statistical advice on this project, J. Warzybok for three years of data collection and compilation, and J. Schmutz, M. Romano, M. Renner, and an anonymous reviewer for reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. G.V. Byrd developed and tirelessly guided this project at every stage as well. Field work in 2008-2010 were funded by the North Pacific Research Board as part of BSIERP project B65. Data collected by the authors were within the scope of a current IACUC permit. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 131 and NPRB publication number 474. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.006 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900021 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL Renner, M Kuletz, K AF Hunt, George L., Jr. Renner, Martin Kuletz, Kathy TI Seasonal variation in the cross-shelf distribution of seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Hydrographic domains; Marine birds; Multivariate tree analysis; Seabird assemblages; Bathymetry ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; INNER FRONT; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; COUNTING SEABIRDS; MARINE BIRDS; GREEN BELT; FUR SEALS; ABUNDANCE; EASTERN; VARIABILITY AB We tested the hypothesis that the distribution of seabird species' associations across the southeastern Bering Sea shelf reflects the underlying ecology of four bathymetrically-defined hydrographic domains: the Inner or Coastal Shelf Domain (depth (Z) < 50 m), the Middle Shelf Domain (50 m < Z < 100 m), the Outer Shelf Domain (100 m evapotranspiration (ET)) and net water consumption (ET > P) of Nile Basin agro-ecosystems. Rainfall data from TRMM and the Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS-NET) RainFall Estimates (RFE) products were used in conjunction with actual evapotranspiration from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) and ETLook models. Water flows laterally between net water production and net water consumption areas as a result of runoff and withdrawals. This lateral flow between the 15 sub-basins of the Nile was estimated, and partitioned into stream flow and non-stream flow using the discharge data. A series of essential water metrics necessary for successful integrated water management are explained and computed. Net water withdrawal estimates (natural and humanly instigated) were assumed to be the difference between net rainfall (P-net) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) and some first estimates of withdrawals-without flow meters-are provided. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems withdraw large volumes of groundwater, which exceed water withdrawals for the irrigation sector. There is a strong need for the development of more open-access Earth Observation databases, especially for information related to actual ET. The fluxes, flows and storage changes presented form the basis for a global framework to describe monthly and annual water accounts in ungauged river basins. C1 [Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Karimi, Poolad; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Muthuwatte, Lal; Smakhtin, Vladimir] IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Karimi, Poolad; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Muthuwatte, Lal; Smakhtin, Vladimir] IWMI, Viangchan, Laos. [Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Karimi, Poolad] UNESCO IHE, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands. [Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Karimi, Poolad; Duan, Zheng] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Senay, Gabriel] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Bastiaanssen, WGM (reprint author), IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM w.bastiaanssen@unesco-ihe.org; p.karimi@unesco-ihe.org; l.rebelo@cgiar.org; Duanzheng2008@gmail.com; senay@usgs.gov; l.mutuwatte@cgiar.org; v.smakhtin@cgiar.org RI Karimi, Poolad/J-6475-2013 OI Karimi, Poolad/0000-0002-5819-0981 NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 10306 EP 10334 DI 10.3390/rs61110306 PG 29 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700003 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Senay, GB Velpuri, NM Bohms, S Verdin, JP AF Singh, Ramesh K. Senay, Gabriel B. Velpuri, Naga M. Bohms, Stefanie Verdin, James P. TI On the Downscaling of Actual Evapotranspiration Maps Based on Combination of MODIS and Landsat-Based Actual Evapotranspiration Estimates SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Colorado River Basin; downscaling; evapotranspiration; Landsat; LinZI method; merging; MODIS; WaterSMART ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE DATA; MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; WAVELET DECOMPOSITION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; WATER-RESOURCES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENERGY FLUXES; REMOTE; MULTIRESOLUTION AB Downscaling is one of the important ways of utilizing the combined benefits of the high temporal resolution of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and fine spatial resolution of Landsat images. We have evaluated the output regression with intercept method and developed the Linear with Zero Intercept (LinZI) method for downscaling MODIS-based monthly actual evapotranspiration (AET) maps to the Landsat-scale monthly AET maps for the Colorado River Basin for 2010. We used the 8-day MODIS land surface temperature product (MOD11A2) and 328 cloud-free Landsat images for computing AET maps and downscaling. The regression with intercept method does have limitations in downscaling if the slope and intercept are computed over a large area. A good agreement was obtained between downscaled monthly AET using the LinZI method and the eddy covariance measurements from seven flux sites within the Colorado River Basin. The mean bias ranged from -16 mm (underestimation) to 22 mm (overestimation) per month, and the coefficient of determination varied from 0.52 to 0.88. Some discrepancies between measured and downscaled monthly AET at two flux sites were found to be due to the prevailing flux footprint. A reasonable comparison was also obtained between downscaled monthly AET using LinZI method and the gridded FLUXNET dataset. The downscaled monthly AET nicely captured the temporal variation in sampled land cover classes. The proposed LinZI method can be used at finer temporal resolution (such as 8 days) with further evaluation. The proposed downscaling method will be very useful in advancing the application of remotely sensed images in water resources planning and management. C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.; Velpuri, Naga M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.; Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bohms, Stefanie] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov; senay@usgs.gov; nvelpuri@usgs.gov; sbohms@usgs.gov; verdin@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) [G13PC00028, G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under the United States Geological Survey (USGS) contract G13PC00028 and G10PC00044 in support of the WaterSMART program. Authors are grateful to Lei Ji for the internal review of the manuscript and to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We gratefully acknowledge the use of Ameriflux data and flux data supplied by Russell Scott, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture for our downscaling method validation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 10483 EP 10509 DI 10.3390/rs61110483 PG 27 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700011 ER PT J AU Storey, J Choate, M Lee, K AF Storey, James Choate, Michael Lee, Kenton TI Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager On-Orbit Geometric Calibration and Performance SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Landsat 8; Operational Land Imager; geolocation; band registration accuracy; geometric accuracy; Global Land Survey AB The Landsat 8 spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2013 carrying the Operational Land Imager (OLI) payload for moderate resolution imaging in the visible, near infrared (NIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands. During the 90-day commissioning period following launch, several on-orbit geometric calibration activities were performed to refine the prelaunch calibration parameters. The results of these calibration activities were subsequently used to measure geometric performance characteristics in order to verify the OLI geometric requirements. Three types of geometric calibrations were performed including: (1) updating the OLI-to-spacecraft alignment knowledge; (2) refining the alignment of the sub-images from the multiple OLI sensor chips; and (3) refining the alignment of the OLI spectral bands. The aspects of geometric performance that were measured and verified included: (1) geolocation accuracy with terrain correction, but without ground control (L1Gt); (2) Level 1 product accuracy with terrain correction and ground control (L1T); (3) band-to-band registration accuracy; and (4) multi-temporal image-to-image registration accuracy. Using the results of the on-orbit calibration update, all aspects of geometric performance were shown to meet or exceed system requirements. C1 [Storey, James; Choate, Michael] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Lee, Kenton] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Storey, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM storey@usgs.gov; choate@usgs.gov; klee@ball.com FU USGS [G10PC00044] FX The work described in this paper was performed under USGS contract #G10PC00044. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 11127 EP 11152 DI 10.3390/rs61111127 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700040 ER PT J AU Storey, J Choate, M Moe, D AF Storey, James Choate, Michael Moe, Donald TI Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Geometric Characterization and Calibration SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Landsat 8; Thermal Infrared Sensor; geometric calibration; band registration accuracy ID PERFORMANCE AB The Landsat 8 spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2013 carrying two imaging payloads: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). The TIRS instrument employs a refractive telescope design that is opaque to visible wavelengths making prelaunch geometric characterization challenging. TIRS geometric calibration thus relied heavily on on-orbit measurements. Since the two Landsat 8 payloads are complementary and generate combined Level 1 data products, the TIRS geometric performance requirements emphasize the co-alignment of the OLI and TIRS instrument fields of view and the registration of the OLI reflective bands to the TIRS long-wave infrared emissive bands. The TIRS on-orbit calibration procedures include measuring the TIRS-to-OLI alignment, refining the alignment of the three TIRS sensor chips, and ensuring the alignment of the two TIRS spectral bands. The two key TIRS performance metrics are the OLI reflective to TIRS emissive band registration accuracy, and the registration accuracy between the TIRS thermal bands. The on-orbit calibration campaign conducted during the commissioning period provided an accurate TIRS geometric model that enabled TIRS Level 1 data to meet all geometric accuracy requirements. Seasonal variations in TIRS-to-OLI alignment have led to several small calibration parameter adjustments since commissioning. C1 [Storey, James; Choate, Michael; Moe, Donald] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Storey, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM storey@usgs.gov; choate@usgs.gov; dpmoe@usgs.gov FU USGS [G10PC00044] FX The work described in this paper was performed under USGS contract #G10PC00044. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 11153 EP 11181 DI 10.3390/rs61111153 PG 29 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700041 ER PT J AU Lacher, LJ Turner, DS Gungle, B Bushman, BM Richter, HE AF Lacher, Laurel J. Turner, Dale S. Gungle, Bruce Bushman, Brooke M. Richter, Holly E. TI Application of Hydrologic Tools and Monitoring to Support Managed Aquifer Recharge Decision Making in the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA SO WATER LA English DT Article DE baseflow; recharge; wet-dry mapping; San Pedro River; near-stream; groundwater modeling; protect flows; enhance flows ID FLOW AB The San Pedro River originates in Sonora, Mexico, and flows north through Arizona, USA, to its confluence with the Gila River. The 92-km Upper San Pedro River is characterized by interrupted perennial flow, and serves as a vital wildlife corridor through this semiarid to arid region. Over the past century, groundwater pumping in this bi-national basin has depleted baseflows in the river. In 2007, the United States Geological Survey published the most recent groundwater model of the basin. This model served as the basis for predictive simulations, including maps of stream flow capture due to pumping and of stream flow restoration due to managed aquifer recharge. Simulation results show that ramping up near-stream recharge, as needed, to compensate for downward pumping-related stress on the water table, could sustain baseflows in the Upper San Pedro River at or above 2003 levels until the year 2100 with less than 4.7 million cubic meters per year (MCM/yr). Wet-dry mapping of the river over a period of 15 years developed a body of empirical evidence which, when combined with the simulation tools, provided powerful technical support to decision makers struggling to manage aquifer recharge to support baseflows in the river while also accommodating the economic needs of the basin. C1 [Lacher, Laurel J.] Lacher Hydrol Consulting, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. [Turner, Dale S.; Bushman, Brooke M.; Richter, Holly E.] Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gungle, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Lacher, LJ (reprint author), Lacher Hydrol Consulting, 821 S Meyer Ave, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. EM LLacher1@msn.com; dturner@tnc.org; bgungle@usgs.gov; bbushman@tnc.org; hrichter@tnc.org OI Gungle, Bruce/0000-0001-6406-1206 FU Walton Family Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Walton Family Foundation for its support in funding much of the science and policy development in the Upper San Pedro Basin in recent years. They would also like to express gratitude to the reviewers whose collective input substantially improved this paper. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 3495 EP 3527 DI 10.3390/w6113495 PG 33 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AU3QU UT WOS:000345529500013 ER PT J AU McCaffery, RM Reisor, R Irvine, K Brunson, J AF McCaffery, Rebecca M. Reisor, Rita Irvine, Kathryn Brunson, Jessi TI DEMOGRAPHIC MONITORING AND POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS OF TWO RARE BEARDTONGUES FROM THE UINTA BASIN SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; MARKED ANIMALS; MATRIX MODELS; PROGRAM MARK; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; PENSTEMON; SCROPHULARIACEAE; DORMANCY; BIOLOGY AB Energy development, in combination with other environmental stressors, poses a persistent threat to rare species endemic to energy-producing regions of the western United States. Demographic analyses of monitored populations can provide key information on the natural dynamics of threatened plant and animal populations and how these dynamics might be affected by present and future development. In the Uinta Basin in Utah and Colorado, Graham's beardtongue (Penstemon grahamii) and White River beardtongue (Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis) are 2 rare endemic wildflowers that persist on oil shale habitats that are heavily impacted by current energy exploration and development and are slated for expanded traditional drilling and oil shale development. We described demographic characteristics and population viability for 2 populations of each species that have been monitored since 2004. First, we measured population size, survival rates, transitions between life stages, and recruitment by using individually marked plants at the 4 study areas. We then used matrix population models to determine stochastic population growth rates (lambda) and the probability that each population would persist 50 years into the future, given current conditions. The 2 P grahamii study plots had small populations, averaging 70 adult plants, and relatively constant and high survival in both vegetative and flowering plants. The 2 P. scariosus var. albifluvis study plots had populations that averaged 120 adult plants, with high and stable survival in flowering plants and variable survival in vegetative plants. Recruitment of new seedlings into all populations was low and variable, with most recruitment occurring in one or 2 years. Both P grahamii populations had lambda near 1.0 (stable). One P scariosus var. albifluvis population appeared to be declining (lambda = 0.97), whereas the other was increasing (lambda = 1.16). Our analyses reveal populations that appear relatively stable, but that are susceptible to declines now and into the future. Increases in environmental variability deterministic changes in habitat conditions or stressors, or a single catastrophic event could all have immediately deleterious impacts on the long-term growth trajectory of these populations. C1 [McCaffery, Rebecca M.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reisor, Rita] Red Butte Garden & Arboretum, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Brunson, Jessi] Bur Land Management, Vernal Field Off, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP McCaffery, RM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM amphibecs@gmail.com OI McCaffery, Rebecca/0000-0002-0396-0387 FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management Utah State office; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Utah FX We thank J. Lewinsohn, V. Tepedino, and S. Torti for establishing the project, R. Bolander for project support, and the many field assistants and volunteers of the Red Butte Garden and Arboretum who collected data throughout the study period. Thanks to M. Ellis and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management Utah State office, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the University of Utah. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 31 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2014 VL 74 IS 3 BP 257 EP 274 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3EW UT WOS:000345496300001 ER PT J AU Zeigenfuss, LC Schoenecker, KA Ransom, JI Ignizio, DA Mask, T AF Zeigenfuss, Linda C. Schoenecker, Kathryn A. Ransom, Jason I. Ignizio, Drew A. Mask, Tracy TI INFLUENCE OF NONNATIVE AND NATIVE UNGULATE BIOMASS AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION ON VEGETATION PRODUCTION IN A GREAT BASIN ECOSYSTEM SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FERAL HORSES; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; PLANT; HERBIVORY; RESPONSES; COMMUNITIES; RECOVERY; RANGE; DISTURBANCE AB The negative effects of equid grazers in semiarid ecosystems of the American West have been considered disproportionate to the influence of native ungulates in these systems because of equids' large body size, hoof shape, and short history on the landscape relative to native ungulates. Tools that can analyze the degree of influence of various ungulate herbivores in an ecosystem and separate effects of ungulates from effects of other variables (climate, anthropomorphic disturbances) can be useful to managers in determining the location of nonnative herbivore impacts and assessing the effect of management actions targeted at different ungulate populations. We used remotely sensed data to determine the influence of native and nonnative ungulates and climate on vegetation productivity at wildlife refuges in Oregon and Nevada. Our findings indicate that ungulate biomass density, particularly equid biomass density, and precipitation in winter and spring had the greatest influence on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. Our results concur with those of other researchers, who found that drought exacerbated the impacts of ungulate herbivores in arid systems. C1 [Zeigenfuss, Linda C.; Schoenecker, Kathryn A.; Mask, Tracy] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ransom, Jason I.] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Ransom, Jason I.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Ignizio, Drew A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Cherokee Serv Grp, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Zeigenfuss, LC (reprint author), 142 Salmon Lane, Carson, WA 98610 USA. EM linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Gail Collins, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sheldon-Hart Refuge Complex, in providing animal census data for both refuges and for answering numerous questions on grazing history and animal movements at both refuges. Sarah King, Natural Resources Ecology Lab at Colorado State University, provided helpful review comments. Brian Cade, U.S. Geological Survey, provided guidance on statistical matters. Funding for this work was provided through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2014 VL 74 IS 3 BP 286 EP 298 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU3EW UT WOS:000345496300003 ER PT J AU McIntosh, JC Grasby, SE Hamilton, SM Osborn, SG AF McIntosh, Jennifer C. Grasby, Stephen E. Hamilton, Stewart M. Osborn, Stephen G. TI Origin, distribution and hydrogeochemical controls on methane occurrences in shallow aquifers, southwestern Ontario, Canada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; MICHIGAN BASIN; FORMATION WATERS; MICROBIAL GAS; UNITED-STATES; GEOCHEMISTRY; METHANOGENESIS; PENNSYLVANIA; PLEISTOCENE; GROUNDWATER AB Natural gas reservoirs in organic-rich shales in the Appalachian and Michigan basins in the United States are currently being produced via hydraulic fracturing. Stratigraphically-equivalent shales occur in the Canadian portion of the basins in southwestern Ontario with anecdotal evidence of gas shows, yet there has been no commercial shale gas production to date. To provide baseline data in the case of future environmental issues related to hydraulic fracturing and shale gas production, such as leakage of natural gas, saline water, and/or hydraulic fracturing fluids, and to evaluate hydrogeochemical controls on natural gas accumulations in shallow groundwater in general, this study investigates the origin and distribution of natural gas and brine in shallow aquifers across southwestern Ontario. An extensive geochemical database of major ion and trace metal chemistry and methane concentrations of 1010 groundwater samples from shallow, domestic wells in bedrock and overburden aquifers throughout southwestern Ontario was utilized. In addition, select wells (n = 36) were resampled for detailed dissolved gas composition, delta C-13 of CH4, C-2, C-3, and CO2, and delta D of CH4. Dissolved gases in groundwater from bedrock and overburden wells were composed primarily of CH4 (29.7-98.6 mol% of total gas volume), N-2 (0.8-66.2 mol%), Ar + O-2 (0.2-3.4 mol%), and CO2 (0-1.2 mol%). Ethane was detected, but only in low concentrations (<0.041 mol%), and no other higher chain hydrocarbons were present, except for one well in overburden overlying the Dundee Formation, which contained 0.81 mol% ethane and 0.21 mol% propane. The highest methane concentrations (30 to > 100 in situ % saturation) were found in bedrock wells completed in the Upper Devonian Kettle Point Formation, Middle Devonian Hamilton Group and Dundee Formation, and in surficial aquifers overlying these organic-rich shale-bearing formations, indicating that bedrock geology is the primary control on methane occurrences. A few (n = 40) samples showed Na-Cl-Br evidence of brine mixing with dilute groundwater, however only one of these samples contained high (>60 in situ % saturation) CH4. The relatively low delta C-13 values of CH4 (-89.9% to -57.3%), covariance of delta D values of CH4 and H2O, positive correlation between delta C-13 values of CH4 and CO2, and lack of higher chain hydrocarbons (C3+) in all but one dissolved gas sample indicates that the methane in groundwater throughout the study area is primarily microbial in origin. The presence or absence of alternative electron acceptors (e. g. dissolved oxygen, Fe, NO3, SO4), in addition to organic substrates, controls the occurrence of microbial CH4 in shallow aquifers. Microbial methane has likely been accumulating in the study area, since at least the Late Pleistocene to the present, as indicated by the co-variance and range of delta D values of CH4 (-314% to -263%) and associated groundwater (-19% to -6% delta D-H2O). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Grasby, Stephen E.] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. [Hamilton, Stewart M.] Ontario Geol Survey, Sudbury, ON P3E 2G9, Canada. [Osborn, Stephen G.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP McIntosh, JC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcintosh@hwr.arizona.edu OI Grasby, Stephen/0000-0002-3910-4443 FU Ontario Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Canada; United States Geological Survey; New York State Energy Research Development Authority; NSF [EAR-0635685, EAR-1322805]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [45284-G2] FX Funding was provided by the Ontario Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada, United States Geological Survey, New York State Energy Research Development Authority, NSF (EAR-0635685, EAR-1322805) and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (#45284-G2). The Ontario Geological Survey carried out all fieldwork. Comments by Tom Darrah, Avner Vengosh, Christine Rivard, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. NR 83 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.08.001 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT4YH UT WOS:000344948100005 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Hines, ME Goldstein, HL Reynolds, RL AF Gray, John E. Hines, Mark E. Goldstein, Harland L. Reynolds, Richard L. TI Mercury deposition and methylmercury formation in Narraguinnep Reservoir, southwestern Colorado, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCING BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; GRADO LAGOON; MINE; FLUXES AB Narraguinnep Reservoir in southwestern Colorado is one of several water bodies in Colorado with a mercury (Hg) advisory as Hg in fish tissue exceed the 0.3 mu g/g guideline to protect human health recommended by the State of Colorado. Concentrations of Hg and methyl-Hg were measured in reservoir bottom sediment and pore water extracted from this sediment. Rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation were also measured in reservoir bottom sediment. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential sources of Hg in the region and evaluate the potential of reservoir sediment to generate methyl-Hg, a human neurotoxin and the dominant form of Hg in fish. Concentrations of Hg (ranged from 1.1 to 5.8 ng/L, n = 15) and methyl-Hg (ranged from 0.05 to 0.14 ng/L, n = 15) in pore water generally were highest at the sediment/water interface, and overall, Hg correlated with methyl-Hg in pore water (R-2 = 0.60, p = 0007, n = 15). Net Hg methylation flux in the top 3 cm of reservoir bottom sediment varied from 0.08 to 0.56 ng/m(2)/day (mean = 0.28 ng/m(2)/day, n = 5), which corresponded to an overall methyl-Hg production for the entire reservoir of 0.53 g/year. No significant point sources of Hg contamination are known to this reservoir or its supply waters, although several coal-fired power plants in the region emit Hg-bearing particulates. Narraguinnep Reservoir is located about 80 km downwind from two of the largest power plants, which together emit about 950 kg-Hg/year. Magnetic minerals separated from reservoir sediment contained spherical magnetite-bearing particles characteristic of coal-fired electric power plant fly ash. The presence of fly-ash magnetite in post-1970 sediment from Narraguinnep Reservoir indicates that the likely source of Hg to the catchment basin for this reservoir has been from airborne emissions from power plants, most of which began operation in the late-1960s and early 1970s in this region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creative-commons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Gray, John E.; Goldstein, Harland L.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hines, Mark E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (Mineral Resources Program); University of Massachusetts Lowell FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (Mineral Resources Program) and the University of Massachusetts Lowell. We thank Jiang Xiao for magnetic mineral separations. Greg Lee (USGS) provided assistance with graphics. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.001 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT4YH UT WOS:000344948100009 ER PT J AU Zenzal, TJ Diehl, RH Moore, FR AF Zenzal, Theodore J., Jr. Diehl, Robert H. Moore, Frank R. TI The impact of radio-tags on Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Archilochus colubris; behavior; flight simulations; migration; radio-tagging; radiotelemetry; radio transmitters; Ruby-throated Hummingbirds ID NORTHERN BOBWHITES; SMALL PASSERINES; BODY-MASS; TRANSMITTERS; BEHAVIOR; RADIOTELEMETRY; SURVIVAL; THRUSHES; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; MIGRATION AB Radiotelemetry has advanced the field of wildlife biology, especially with the miniaturization of radio-tags. However, the major limitation when radio-tagging birds is the size of the animal to which a radio-tag can be attached. We tested how miniature radio-tags affected flight performance and behavior of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), possibly the smallest bird species that has been fitted with radio-tags. Using eyelash adhesive, we fitted hatch-year individuals (n = 20 males, n = 15 females) with faux radio-tags of 3 sizes that varied in mass and antenna length (220 mg, 12.7 cm; 240 mg, 12.7 cm; and 220 mg, 6.35 cm), then filmed the birds in a field aviary to quantify activity budgets. We also estimated flight range using flight simulation models. When the 3 radio-tag packages were pooled for analysis, the presence of a radio-tag significantly decreased both flight time (similar to 8%) and modeled flight range (similar to 23%) in comparison to control birds. However, a multiple-comparison analysis between the different packages revealed that there was a significant difference in flight time when the larger radio-tag package (240 mg) was attached, and no significant difference in flight time when the lighter radio-tag packages (220 mg) were attached. Our results are similar to those of other studies that analyzed the flight time or flight range of birds wearing radio-tags. Therefore, currently available lightweight radio-tags (<= 220 mg) may be a new option to aid in the study of hummingbird biology. Future study should focus on the additional drag created by the radio-tag and the effects of the lightest radio-tag packages on free-ranging birds. These studies would provide additional information to determine the feasibility of the use of radio-tags to study hummingbird biology. C1 [Zenzal, Theodore J., Jr.; Moore, Frank R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Zenzal, TJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM tjzenzal@gmail.com FU Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Southern Mississippi (USM); National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS 844703]; NSF GK-12 program "Molecules to Muscles'' through USM [0947944]; Migratory Bird Research Group at USM FX Research funding was provided by the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Southern Mississippi (USM) and by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to F. R. M. (IOS 844703). T.J.Z. was also supported by a fellowship from the NSF GK-12 program "Molecules to Muscles'' (award no. 0947944 through USM). We would especially like to thank the Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge and Fort Morgan Historic Site for allowing us to work on their properties. We thank the 2010 Fort Morgan Field crew for help with data collection, C. J. Pennycuick for insightful conversations during the formulation of the manuscript, C. Qualls and J. Schaefer for statistical advice, and J. Cochran for conversations about designing radio-tags for hummingbirds and supplying faux radio-tags. We thank the Migratory Bird Research Group at USM for their support. Finally, we thank Z. Nemeth and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was approved by the USM Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and by the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 32 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-142.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8XE UT WOS:000345211600002 ER PT J AU Winchell, CS Doherty, PF AF Winchell, Clark S. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. TI Effects of habitat quality and wildfire on occupancy dynamics of Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE California gnatcatcher; colonization; extinction; fire impacts; HCP; biodiversity hotspot; umbrella species ID SAGE SCRUB; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION; RAINFALL; COLONIZATION; SUCCESS; BIRDS; MODEL; FIRE AB Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) are a mechanism used for conserving land and often have an umbrella species associated with them. We conducted occupancy surveys for an umbrella species, the Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), from 2004 to 2009 in San Diego County, California, focusing on preserve lands associated with HCPs. We investigated the effects of habitat quality classification, elevation, distance to coast, and heat load on gnatcatcher occupancy, extinction, and colonization probabilities. Our work focused on these factors throughout the range of this species in San Diego County where, through conservation agreements, a preserve system has been assembled addressing management considerations at a landscape scale. In addition, a large wildfire in 2003 burned 17,044 ha, roughly 1/3 of preserve lands, thus we were able to investigate the recolonization process associated with this event. We found that occupancy increased with habitat quality and over time, but decreased with elevation. Extinction probability was generally constant (similar to 0.13), but colonization varied greatly, with probabilities being greater in higher quality habitat and at lower elevations. Gnatcatchers were more likely to colonize burned areas adjacent to high and very high quality habitat, sites that should receive priority conservation actions, particularly at lower elevations. Our work suggests that umbrella species, like the California Gnatcatcher, may reflect not just habitat quality, but may also be useful indicators of recovery after an unexpected event such as fire. Although not perfect, the use of multiple umbrella species in HCPs may lead to effective conservation and management of biodiversity hotspots. C1 [Winchell, Clark S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Winchell, CS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM clark_winchell@fws.gov FU SANDAG [5000793]; TRANSNET FX We thank the > 50 people who were involved with this project and who gave unselfishly of their time and talents. We especially thank S. Wynn (USFWS) and K. Greer (San Diego Association of Governments-SANDAG), who provided unwavering support for this work to continue through the years while maintaining a focus on the mission of conservation in southern California. Additionally, M. Pavelka, W. Miller, and J. Groom (USFWS), contributed greatly to discussions that helped us formulate project design, and foster ideas and curiosity. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and K. Huyvaert (Colorado State University) for helpful editing. The majority of this work was funded under SANDAG Agreement No. 5000793 with funds provided via TRANSNET. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-156.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8XE UT WOS:000345211600004 ER PT J AU Rizzolo, DJ Schmutz, JA McCloskey, SE Fondell, TF AF Rizzolo, Daniel J. Schmutz, Joel A. McCloskey, Sarah E. Fondell, Thomas F. TI Factors influencing nest survival and productivity of Red-throated Loons (Gavia stellata) in Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Red-throated Loon; Gavia stellata; Alaska; nest survival; productivity ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; EASTERN BERING-SEA; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; PREDATOR REMOVAL; BODY CONDITION; NORTH PACIFIC; COMMON LOON; PREY; SUCCESS; GEESE AB Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) numbers in Alaska have fluctuated dramatically over the past 3 decades; however, the demographic processes contributing to these population dynamics are poorly understood. To examine spatial and temporal variation in productivity, we estimated breeding parameters at 5 sites in Alaska: at Cape Espenberg and the Copper River Delta we estimated nest survival, and at 3 sites within the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta we estimated nest survival and productivity. Nest survival varied broadly among sites and years; annual estimates (lower, upper 95% confidence interval) ranged from 0.09 (0.03, 0.29) at Cape Espenberg in 2001 to 0.93 (0.76, 0.99) at the Copper River Delta in 2002. Annual variation among sites was not concordant, suggesting that site-scale factors had a strong influence on nest survival. Models of nest survival indicated that visits to monitor nests had a negative effect on nest daily survival probability, which if not accounted for biased nest survival strongly downward. The sensitivity of breeding Red-throated Loons to nest monitoring suggests other sources of disturbance that cause incubating birds to flush from their nests may also reduce nest survival. Nest daily survival probability at the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta was negatively associated with an annual index of fox occurrence. Survival through the incubation and chick-rearing periods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ranged from 0.09 (0.001, 0.493) to 0.50 (0.04, 0.77). Daily survival probability during the chick-rearing period was lower for chicks that had a sibling in 2 of 3 years, consistent with the hypothesis that food availability was limited. Estimates of annual productivity on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ranged from 0.17 to 1.0 chicks per pair. Productivity was not sufficient to maintain population stability in 2 of 3 years, indicating that nest depredation by foxes and poor foraging conditions during chick rearing can have important effects on productivity. Keywords: Red-throated Loon, Gavia stellata, Alaska, nest survival, productivity C1 [Rizzolo, Daniel J.; Schmutz, Joel A.; McCloskey, Sarah E.; Fondell, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Rizzolo, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM drizzolo@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management FX Funding for this project was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management. We are grateful for logistic support from Yukon Delta NWR and field assistance from T. Arensberg, J. Beagley, J. Ball, E. Bohman, C. Eldermire, P. Fontaine, J. Kiesau, B. Lake, D. Miller, C. Moran, D. Safine, M. Shepherd, E. Wald, M. Wege, M. Weiss; and to. H. Wilson. R. Churchwell, B. Lake, J. Pearce, P. Smith, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. A. Gall and J. Zamudio translated the Spanish abstract. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 BP 574 EP 587 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-25.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8XE UT WOS:000345211600007 ER PT J AU Jodice, PGR Thibault, JM Collins, SA Spinks, MD Sanders, FJ AF Jodice, Patrick G. R. Thibault, Janet M. Collins, Samantha A. Spinks, Mark D. Sanders, Felicia J. TI Reproductive ecology of American Oystercatchers nesting on shell rakes SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; Cape Romain; daily survival rate; flooding; Haematopus palliatus; predation; reproductive success; South Carolina ID DAILY SURVIVAL RATE; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SITE SELECTION; SUCCESS; VIRGINIA; SEASON; USA; HABITATS; GEORGIA AB Degradation of nesting habitat for coastal birds has led to the use of nontraditional nesting habitat. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is listed as a "Species of High Concern'' by the U. S. Shorebird Conservation Plan and is declining in the southern portion of its U. S. breeding range, where similar to 50% of breeding oystercatchers nest on shell substrate instead of beachfront habitat. We measured daily survival rates during incubation and chick rearing in shell rake habitats over five breeding seasons in the Cape Romain region of South Carolina, USA. Of 354 nesting attempts monitored, 16.1% hatched at least one egg. During incubation, daily survival rate was 0.938, corresponding to 22.8% success to hatching (nest success). For broods, daily survival was 0.991, or 74.0% success from hatching to fledging. Productivity in the Cape Romain region is primarily being lost during the incubation phase, when nests are exposed to overwash and predation. Mobile chicks may, however, be able to avoid flood events or predators by relocating to higher or more protected portions of a shell rake. Based on comparative data for American Oystercatchers from elsewhere in their range, it does not appear that shell rakes in the Cape Romain region are inferior breeding habitat. Our data suggest that conservation actions targeting nest and chick loss from flooding and predation have the greatest opportunity to enhance reproductive success in this core breeding area, and that an assessment of the availability, structure, avian use, and protection status of shell rakes is warranted. C1 [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Thibault, Janet M.; Collins, Samantha A.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Spinks, Mark D.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Georgetown, SC USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, McClellanville, SC USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Savannah Santee PeeDee Restoration Fund, Keystone Initiative); South Carolina State Wildlife Grants Program; Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Clemson University; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Ben Harris, Kate Goodenough, Christy Hand, Sarah Woodward, Billy Shaw, Charles Wahl, Adam DiNuovo, Nicholas Wallover, J. Benjamin Mongold, and Carolyn Wakefield for assistance with field logistics, data collection, and administration. We also acknowledge the support of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge; in particular, Sarah Dawsey, Matt Connolly, and Donny Browning. This research was supported by grants from The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Savannah Santee PeeDee Restoration Fund, Keystone Initiative) and the South Carolina State Wildlife Grants Program, as well as matching funds and support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Clemson University. The manuscript benefited from comments by Conor McGowan and anonymous reviewers. Permits for various phases of this research were provided by the Clemson University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocols 2006-037 and 2010-028). The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-35.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8XE UT WOS:000345211600008 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Mahon, CL Handel, CM Solymos, P Bayne, EM Fontaine, PC Ralph, CJ AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Mahon, C. Lisa Handel, Colleen M. Solymos, Peter Bayne, Erin M. Fontaine, Patricia C. Ralph, C. John TI Reviving common standards in point-count surveys for broad inference across studies SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE avian point count; breeding bird abundance; detection probability; landbirds; landscape-scale; meta-analysis; monitoring; survey techniques ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; MEASUREMENT ERROR; FIELD-EVALUATION; POPULATION-SIZE; BIRD SURVEYS; DISTANCE; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; INDEXES; HETEROGENEITY AB We revisit the common standards recommended by Ralph et al. (1993, 1995a) for conducting point-count surveys to assess the relative abundance of landbirds breeding in North America. The standards originated from discussions among ornithologists in 1991 and were developed so that point-count survey data could be broadly compared and jointly analyzed by national data centers with the goals of monitoring populations and managing habitat. Twenty years later, we revisit these standards because (1) they have not been universally followed and (2) new methods allow estimation of absolute abundance from point counts, but these methods generally require data beyond the original standards to account for imperfect detection. Lack of standardization and the complications it introduces for analysis become apparent from aggregated data. For example, only 3% of 196,000 point counts conducted during the period 1992-2011 across Alaska and Canada followed the standards recommended for the count period and count radius. Ten-minute, unlimited-count-radius surveys increased the number of birds detected by >300% over 3-minute, 50-m-radius surveys. This effect size, which could be eliminated by standardized sampling, was >= 10 times the published effect sizes of observers, time of day, and date of the surveys. We suggest that the recommendations by Ralph et al. (1995a) continue to form the common standards when conducting point counts. This protocol is inexpensive and easy to follow but still allows the surveys to be adjusted for detection probabilities. Investigators might optionally collect additional information so that they can analyze their data with more flexible forms of removal and time-of-detection models, distance sampling, multiple-observer methods, repeated counts, or combinations of these methods. Maintaining the common standards as a base protocol, even as these study-specific modifications are added, will maximize the value of point-count data, allowing compilation and analysis by regional and national data centers. C1 [Matsuoka, Steven M.; Fontaine, Patricia C.] Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mahon, C. Lisa] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Solymos, Peter; Bayne, Erin M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Ralph, C. John] USDA Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steve_matsuoka@fws.gov RI Solymos, Peter/B-2775-2008; OI Solymos, Peter/0000-0001-7337-1740; Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 46 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-108.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8XE UT WOS:000345211600009 ER PT J AU VanderWerf, EA Crampton, LH Diegmann, JS Atkinson, CT Leonard, DL AF VanderWerf, Eric A. Crampton, Lisa H. Diegmann, Julia S. Atkinson, Carter T. Leonard, David L. TI Survival estimates of wild and captive-bred released Puaiohi, an endangered Hawaiian thrush SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; captive breeding; endangered species; mark-recapture; Myadestes palmeri; population biology; rat predation; reintroduction ID PARTRIDGES PERDIX-PERDIX; MYADESTES-PALMERI; MARKED ANIMALS; AVIAN MALARIA; POPULATION; BIRDS; DISPERSAL; ELEPAIO; ISLAND; RANGE AB Estimating and monitoring adult and juvenile survival are vital to understanding population status, informing recovery planning for endangered species, and quantifying the success of management. We used mark-recapture models to estimate apparent annual survival of the Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri), an endangered thrush endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai, from 2005 to 2011. Our sample included 87 wild birds and 123 captive-bred birds that were released at various ages. Survival was higher for wild adult males (0.71 +/- 0.09) than for wild adult females (0.46 +/- 0.12). Survival of wild juveniles (0.23 +/- 0.06) was lower than that of wild adults of both sexes, indicating that recruitment may limit population growth. Captive-bred birds released when,1 yr old had survival (0.26 +/- 0.21) comparable with that of wild juveniles, but captive-bred birds released at 1-3 yr old had very low survival (0.05 +/- 0.06). Only 8 of 123 (7%) captive birds were seen again after release. Two wild birds resighted five years after marking are the oldest known individuals, being at least six years of age. Malarial infection did not affect survival of wild Puaiohi, unlike many Hawaiian forest birds. The difference between adult male and adult female survival is consistent with rat (Rattus spp.) predation of females on the nest as a major source of mortality. As such, attempting to reduce nest predation by controlling rats may be the best available management option. Releasing captive-bred birds has had little effect on the wild population in recent years. C1 [VanderWerf, Eric A.] Pacific Rim Conservat, Honolulu, HI USA. [Crampton, Lisa H.; Diegmann, Julia S.] Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project, Hanapepe, HI USA. [Crampton, Lisa H.; Diegmann, Julia S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hanapepe, HI USA. [Atkinson, Carter T.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Leonard, David L.] Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI USA. RP VanderWerf, EA (reprint author), Pacific Rim Conservat, Honolulu, HI USA. EM eric@pacificrimconservation.com FU Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office; U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program FX This study was conducted by the Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project (KFBRP), a cooperative project of the Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit of the University of Hawaii and the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Funding for this project was provided by the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Access to the Na Pali Forest Reserve and the Alakai Wilderness Preserve was permitted by the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Permits to conduct the work with Puaiohi were provided by the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding to test Puaiohi for malaria was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office and the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program. The San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research raised the captive birds and oversaw the first few weeks of each release. We thank the staff members and field technicians of KFBRP for their efforts to collect data for this project, especially, but not limited to, Pauline Roberts, Tom Savre, Gant Charping, Lucas Behnke, Jeremy Russell, Jared Hobbs, Lauren Solomon, and Barbara Heindl. Ruth Utzurrum from the Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Hilo, provided assistance with laboratory diagnostics. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript was improved by comments from Paul Banko, Linnea Hall, Eben Paxton, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 43 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-18.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8XE UT WOS:000345211600010 ER PT J AU Cassidy, M Wait, SFL Palmer, MR Trofimovs, J Symons, W Maclachlan, SE Stinton, AJ AF Cassidy, Michael Wait, Sebastian F. L. Palmer, Martin R. Trofimovs, Jessica Symons, William Maclachlan, Suzanne E. Stinton, Adam J. TI Construction of volcanic records from marine sediment cores: A review and case study (Montserrat, West Indies) SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Tephrostratigraphy; Tephrochronology; Eruption history; Cryptotephras; Tephra fallout; Reworked volcaniclastic ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; DEGASSING-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; GRANDE-DI-MONTICCHIO; LESSER-ANTILLES; NEW-ZEALAND; DISTAL TEPHRA; LAVA DOME; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Detailed knowledge of the past history of an active volcano is crucial for the prediction of the timing, frequency and style of future eruptions, and for the identification of potentially at-risk areas. Subaerial volcanic stratigraphies are often incomplete, due to a lack of exposure, or burial and erosion from subsequent eruptions. However, many volcanic eruptions produce widely-dispersed explosive products that are frequently deposited as tephra layers in the sea. Cores of marine sediment therefore have the potential to provide more complete volcanic stratigraphies, at least for explosive eruptions. Nevertheless, problems such as bioturbation and dispersal by currents affect the preservation and subsequent detection of marine tephra deposits. Consequently, cryptotephras, in which tephra grains are not sufficiently concentrated to form layers that are visible to the naked eye, may be the only record of many explosive eruptions. Additionally, thin, reworked deposits of volcanic clasts transported by floods and landslides, or during pyrodastic density currents may be incorrectly interpreted as tephra fallout layers, leading to the construction of inaccurate records of volcanism. This work uses samples from the volcanic island of Montserrat as a case study to test different techniques for generating volcanic eruption records from marine sediment cores, with a particular relevance to cores sampled in relatively proximal settings (i.e. tens of kilometres from the volcanic source) where volcaniclastic material may form a pervasive component of the sedimentary sequence. Visible volcaniclastic deposits identified by sedimentological logging were used to test the effectiveness of potential alternative volcaniclastic-deposit detection techniques, including point counting of grain types (component analysis), glass or mineral chemistry, colour spectrophotometry, grain size measurements, XRF core scanning, magnetic susceptibility and X-radiography. This study demonstrates that a set of time-efficient, non-destructive and high-spatial-resolution analyses (e.g. XRF core-scanning and magnetic susceptibility) can be used effectively to detect potential cryptotephra horizons in marine sediment cores. Once these horizons have been sampled, microscope image analysis of volcaniclastic grains can be used successfully to discriminate between tephra fallout deposits and other volcaniclastic deposits, by using specific criteria related to clast morphology and sorting. Standard practice should be employed when analysing marine sediment cores to accurately identify both visible tephra and cryptotephra deposits, and to distinguish fallout deposits from other volcaniclastic deposits. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cassidy, Michael; Wait, Sebastian F. L.; Palmer, Martin R.; Symons, William] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Wait, Sebastian F. L.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Trofimovs, Jessica] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Maclachlan, Suzanne E.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, British Ocean Sediment Core Res Facil, Southampton, Hants, England. [Stinton, Adam J.] Montserrat Volcano Observ, Flemmings, WI USA. [Stinton, Adam J.] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, St Augustine, WI, Trinid & Tobago. RP Cassidy, M (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM m.cassidy@soton.ac.uk OI Watt, Sebastian/0000-0001-9734-4210; Cassidy, Michael/0000-0002-0658-2641 FU NERC studentship; NERC [NE/K000403/1] FX Laboratory assistance was provided by Guy Rothwell and Belinder Aker. This work was helped by discussions with Jon Davidson, John Stevenson, Steve Roberts and Tom Gernon. Many thanks go to the crew and scientist onboard the JC18 and Steve Sparks is thanked for use of the JCR123 sediment cores. This work was partly funded by a NERC studentship; M.C. and S.W. thank NERC for financial support, via grant NE/K000403/1. Steffen Kutterolf and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive reviews, which helped improve this article. NR 146 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 138 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.008 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT6OL UT WOS:000345058600007 ER PT J AU Bodi, MB Martin, DA Balfour, VN Santin, C Doerr, SH Pereira, P Cerda, A Mataix-Solera, J AF Bodi, Merche B. Martin, Deborah A. Balfour, Victoria N. Santin, Cristina Doerr, Stefan H. Pereira, Paulo Cerda, Artemi Mataix-Solera, Jorge TI Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects (vol 130, pg 103, 2014) SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Correction C1 [Bodi, Merche B.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, ECOBE Ecosyst Management Res Grp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Bodi, Merche B.; Cerda, Artemi] Univ Valencia, Dept Geografia, SEDER Soil Eros & Degradat Res Grp, Valencia, Spain. [Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Balfour, Victoria N.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Santin, Cristina; Doerr, Stefan H.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Pereira, Paulo] Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Mataix-Solera, Jorge] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Dept Agroquim & Medio Ambiente, GEA, Elche, Spain. RP Bodi, MB (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, ECOBE Ecosyst Management Res Grp, Antwerp, Belgium. EM bbmerche@gmail.com RI Santin, Cristina/B-3148-2015; Cerda, Artemi/I-4670-2013; Pereira, Paulo/O-1845-2016 OI Santin, Cristina/0000-0001-9901-2658; Cerda, Artemi/0000-0001-5326-4489; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0003-0227-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 138 BP 503 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.07.005 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT6OL UT WOS:000345058600025 ER PT J AU Davis, AJ Hooten, MB Phillips, ML Doherty, PF AF Davis, Amy J. Hooten, Mevin B. Phillips, Michael L. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. TI An integrated modeling approach to estimating Gunnison sage-grouse population dynamics: combining index and demographic data SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Centrocercus minimus; growth rate; integrated population model; lek counts; Leslie transition matrix; population projection ID GROWTH; INFORMATION; ABUNDANCE; WILDLIFE; RARE; MARK AB Evaluation of population dynamics for rare and declining species is often limited to data that are sparse and/or of poor quality. Frequently, the best data available for rare bird species are based on large-scale, population count data. These data are commonly based on sampling methods that lack consistent sampling effort, do not account for detectability, and are complicated by observer bias. For some species, short-term studies of demographic rates have been conducted as well, but the data from such studies are typically analyzed separately. To utilize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of these two data types, we developed a novel Bayesian integrated model that links population count data and population demographic data through population growth rate () for Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus). The long-term population index data available for Gunnison sage-grouse are annual (years 1953-2012) male lek counts. An intensive demographic study was also conducted from years 2005 to 2010. We were able to reduce the variability in expected population growth rates across time, while correcting for potential small sample size bias in the demographic data. We found the population of Gunnison sage-grouse to be variable and slightly declining over the past 16years. C1 [Davis, Amy J.; Hooten, Mevin B.; Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Phillips, Michael L.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Davis, AJ (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Amy.J.Davis@aphis.usda.gov FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife FX We gratefully acknowledge Colorado Parks and Wildlife for funding this project. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 4 IS 22 BP 4247 EP 4257 DI 10.1002/ece3.1290 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AU0MD UT WOS:000345316200005 PM 25540687 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Herzog, MP Takekawa, JY Hartman, CA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Herzog, Mark P. Takekawa, John Y. Hartman, C. Alex TI Comparative reproductive biology of sympatric species: nest and chick survival of American avocets and black-necked stilts SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; POPULATION-GROWTH; BREEDING BIOLOGY; SPACE USE; SUCCESS; PREDATION; HABITAT; DUCKS; BIRDS AB Identifying differences in reproductive success rates of closely related and sympatrically breeding species can be useful for understanding limitations to population growth. We simultaneously examined the reproductive ecology of American avocets Recurvirostra americana and black-necked stilts Himantopus mexicanus using 1274 monitored nests and 240 radio-marked chicks in San Francisco Bay, California. Although there were 1.8 times more avocet nests than stilt nests, stilts nonetheless fledged 3.3 times more chicks. Greater production by stilts than avocets was the result of greater chick survival from hatching to fledging (avocet: 6%; stilt: 40%), and not because of differences in clutch size (avocet: 3.84; stilt: 3.77), nest survival (avocet: 44%; stilt: 35%), or egg hatching success (avocet: 90%; stilt: 92%). We reviewed the literature and confirmed that nest survival and hatching success are generally similar when avocets and stilts breed sympatrically. In addition to species, chick survival was strongly influenced by age, site, and year. In particular, daily survival rates increased rapidly with chick age, with 70% of mortalities occurring 1 week after hatch. California gulls Larus californicus caused 55% of avocet, but only 15% of stilt, chick deaths. Differential use of micro-habitats likely reduced stilt chick's vulnerability to gull predation, particularly during the first week after hatch, because stilts nested in vegetation 2.7 times more often than avocets and vegetation height was 65% taller at stilt nests compared with avocet nests. Our results demonstrate that two co-occurring and closely related species with similar life history strategies can differ markedly in reproductive success, and simultaneous studies of such species can identify differences that limit productivity. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Hartman, C. Alex] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center FX This study was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program with additional support from the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. Logistical support was provided by Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Eden Landing Ecological Reserve, South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Point Blue Conservation Science, and many field technicians. J. Yee provided statistical advice, and M. Ricca, and N. Warnock provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 45 IS 6 BP 609 EP 623 DI 10.1111/jav.00385 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8UO UT WOS:000345207500011 ER PT J AU Olea, RA Coleman, JL AF Olea, Ricardo A. Coleman, James L., Jr. TI Reply to: Turner, RE, 2014. Discussion of: Olea, RA and Coleman, JL, Jr., 2014. A Synoptic Examination of Causes of Land Loss in Southern Louisiana as Related to the Exploitation of Subsurface Geologic Resources, Journal of Coastal Research, 30(5), 1025-1044; Journal of Coastal Research, 30(6), 1330-1334. SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; WETLAND LOSS; RESTORATION; RATES C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.; Coleman, James L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1335 EP 1337 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14A-00004.1 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AT3IH UT WOS:000344828400023 ER PT J AU Sheibley, RW Duff, JH Tesoriero, AJ AF Sheibley, Richard W. Duff, John H. Tesoriero, Anthony J. TI Low Transient Storage and Uptake Efficiencies in Seven Agricultural Streams: Implications for Nutrient Demand SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NITROGEN REMOVAL; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; RETENTION; DENITRIFICATION AB We used mass load budgets transient storage modeing, and nutrient spiraling metrics to characterize nitrate (NO3-) ammonium (NH4+), and inorganic phosphorus (SRP) demand in seven agricultural streams across the United States and to identify in-stream services that may control these conditions. Retention of one or all nutrients was observed in all but one stream, but demand for all nutrients was low relative to the mass in transport. Transient storage metrics (A(s)/ A, F-med(200), T-str, and q(s)) correlated with NO3- retention but not NH4+ or SRP retention, suggesting in-stream services associated with transient storage and stream water residence time could influence reach-scale NO3- demand. However, because the fraction of median reach-scale travel time due to transient storage (F-med(200)) was <= 1.2% across the sites, only a relatively small demand for NO3- could be generated by transient storage. In contrast, net uptake of nutrients from the water column calculated from nutrient spiraling metrics were not significant at any site because uptake lengths calculated from background nutrient concentrations were statistically insignificant and therefore much longer than the study reaches. These results suggest that lowtransient storage coupled with high surface water NO3- inputs have resulted in uptake efficiencies that are not sufficient to offset groundwater inputs of N. Nutrient retention has been linked to physical and hydrogeologic elements that drive flow through transient storage areas where residence time and biotic contact are maximized; however, our findings indicate that similar mechanisms are unable to generate a significant nutrient demand in these streams relative to the loads. C1 [Sheibley, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Duff, John H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94019 USA. [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Sheibley, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM sheibley@usgs.gov OI Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536 FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program; National Research Program FX This is was funded by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program and National Research Program. The authors thank Erik Staub, Holly Weyers, Paul Juckem, and Mark Munn for assistance with site and program logistics and field work and Ken Bencala, Chip Small, and journal reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. The use of brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by tin, USGS. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1980 EP 1990 DI 10.2134/jeq.2014.01.0034 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DD UT WOS:000345096000017 PM 25602215 ER PT J AU Rulison, EL Lebrun, RA Ginsberg, HS AF Rulison, Eric L. Lebrun, Roger A. Ginsberg, Howard S. TI Effect of Temperature on Feeding Period of Larval Blacklegged Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Eastern Fence Lizards SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Sceloporus undulatus; attachment; temperature; feeding period ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; SCELOPORUS-UNDULATUS; HYALOMMA-AEGYPTIUM; WIDESPREAD LIZARD; ENGORGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Ambient temperature can influence tick development time, and can potentially affect tick interactions with pathogens and with vertebrate hosts. We studied the effect of ambient temperature on duration of attachment of larval blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, to eastern fence lizards, Sceloporus undulatus (Bosc & Daudin). Feeding periods of larvae that attached to lizards under preferred temperature conditions for the lizards (WARM treatment: temperatures averaged 36.6 degrees C at the top of the cage and 25.8 degrees C at the bottom, allowing behavioral thermoregulation) were shorter than for larvae on lizards held under cool conditions (COOL treatment temperatures averaged 28.4 degrees C at top of cage and 24.9 degrees C at the bottom). The lizards were infested with larvae four times at roughly monthly intervals. Larval numbers successfully engorging and dropping declined and feeding period was longer after the first infestation. C1 [Rulison, Eric L.; Lebrun, Roger A.; Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases [EF-0914476]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank T.J. Daniels, R. C. Falco, J.J. Kolbe, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on early drafts of the manuscript. R. L. Burke and T. Duchak helped with lizard capture. T.N. Mather and M. C. Dyer supplied ticks from their laboratory culture. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This project was funded by National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Award EF-0914476, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1308 EP 1311 DI 10.1603/ME14068 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA AT7NF UT WOS:000345123800029 PM 26309322 ER PT J AU Moore, DE AF Moore, Diane E. TI Comparative mineral chemistry and textures of SAFOD fault gouge and damage-zone rocks SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE San Andreas Fault; SAFOD; Fault gouge; Shearing-enhanced reactions; Saponite; Corrensite ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; DEPTH SAFOD; INTERGRANULAR DIFFUSION; CHLORITE-SMECTITE; CREEPING SEGMENT; CLAY-MINERALS; CORE SAMPLES; DRILL CORE; CALIFORNIA; PHYLLOSILICATES AB Creep in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drillhole is localized to two foliated gouges, the central deforming zone (CDZ) and southwest deforming zone (SDZ). The gouges consist of porphyroclasts of serpentinite and sedimentary rock dispersed in a foliated matrix of Mg-smectite clays that formed as a result of shearing-enhanced reactions between the serpentinite and quartzofeldspathic rocks. The CDZ takes up most of the creep and exhibits differences in mineralogy and texture from the SDZ that are attributable to its higher shearing rate. In addition, a similar to 0.2-m-wide sector of the CDZ at its northeastern margin (NE-CDZ) is identical to the SDZ and may represent a gradient in creep rate across the CDZ. The SDZ and NE-CDZ have lower clay contents and larger porphyroclasts than most of the CDZ, and they contain veinlets and strain fringes of calcite in the gouge matrix not seen elsewhere in the CDZ. Matrix clays in the SDZ and NE-CDZ are saponite and corrensite, whereas the rest of the CDZ lacks corrensite. Saponite is younger than corrensite, reflecting clay crystallization under declining temperatures, and clays in the more actively deforming portions of the CDZ have better equilibrated to the lower-temperature conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 68 BP 82 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2014.09.002 PN A PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT8LI UT WOS:000345184400007 ER PT J AU Boore, DM AF Boore, David M. TI What Do Data Used to Develop Ground-Motion Prediction Equations Tell Us About Motions Near Faults? SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GMPEs; ground-motion prediction equations; magnitude scaling; fault zone; engineering seismology ID M 6.0 PARKFIELD; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; COYOTE LAKE; EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITY; RUPTURE; UPSAR; AMPLIFICATION; ACCELERATION AB A large database of ground motions from shallow earthquakes occurring in active tectonic regions around the world, recently developed in the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center's NGA-West2 project, has been used to investigate what such a database can say about the properties and processes of crustal fault zones. There are a relatively small number of near-rupture records, implying that few recordings in the database are within crustal fault zones, but the records that do exist emphasize the complexity of ground-motion amplitudes and polarization close to individual faults. On average over the whole data set, however, the scaling of ground motions with magnitude at a fixed distance, and the distance dependence of the ground motions, seem to be largely consistent with simple seismological models of source scaling, path propagation effects, and local site amplification. The data show that ground motions close to large faults, as measured by elastic response spectra, tend to saturate and become essentially constant for short periods. This saturation seems to be primarily a geometrical effect, due to the increasing size of the rupture surface with magnitude, and not due to a breakdown in self similarity. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 171 IS 11 BP 3023 EP 3043 DI 10.1007/s00024-013-0748-9 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT7WD UT WOS:000345144300011 ER PT J AU Boneh, Y Chang, JC Lockner, DA Reches, Z AF Boneh, Y. Chang, J. C. Lockner, D. A. Reches, Z. TI Evolution of Wear and Friction Along Experimental Faults SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SLIDING FRICTION; MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; STRENGTH RECOVERY; GOUGE FORMATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; ROCK FRICTION; HIGH-VELOCITY; SLIP RATES; STICK-SLIP AB We investigate the evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults composed of solid rock blocks. This evolution is analyzed through shear experiments along five rock types, and the experiments were conducted in a rotary apparatus at slip velocities of 0.002-0.97 m/s, slip distances from a few millimeters to tens of meters, and normal stress of 0.25-6.9 MPa. The wear and friction measurements and fault surface observations revealed three evolution phases: A) An initial stage (slip distances < 50 mm) of wear by failure of isolated asperities associated with roughening of the fault surface; B) a running-in stage of slip distances of 1-3 m with intense wear-rate, failure of many asperities, and simultaneous reduction of the friction coefficient and wear-rate; and C) a steady-state stage that initiates when the fault surface is covered by a gouge layer, and during which both wear-rate and friction coefficient maintain quasi-constant, low levels. While these evolution stages are clearly recognizable for experimental faults made from bare rock blocks, our analysis suggests that natural faults "bypass" the first two stages and slip at gouge-controlled steady-state conditions. C1 [Boneh, Y.; Chang, J. C.; Reches, Z.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lockner, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boneh, Y.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Boneh, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM reches@ou.edu FU NSF, Geosciences, Equipment and Facilities [0732715]; NSF, Geosciences, Geophysics [1045414]; ConocoPhillips Foundation FX We benefitted from help and advice of Andrew Madden and Xiaofeng Chen, University of Oklahoma. We had fruitful discussions with Emily Brodsky, UC Santa Cruz; Chris Scholz, Lamont-Doherty Institute; Amir Sagy, Israel Geological Survey; Einat Aharonov and Shalev Siman-Tov, the Hebrew University. Eric Ferre of Southern Illinois University kindly provided the Karoo gabbro sample. The manuscript was greatly improved by the constructive comments of Chris Scholz and an anonymous reviewer. The study was supported by the NSF, Geosciences, Equipment and Facilities, Grant No. 0732715, and partial support of NSF, Geosciences, Geophysics, Grant No. 1045414, and ConocoPhillips Foundation grant. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 171 IS 11 BP 3125 EP 3141 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0801-3 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT7WD UT WOS:000345144300015 ER PT J AU Grantham, TE Viers, JH Moyle, PB AF Grantham, Theodore E. Viers, Joshua H. Moyle, Peter B. TI Systematic Screening of Dams for Environmental Flow Assessment and Implementation SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rivers; water management; environmental flows; fish conservation; California ID REGULATED CALIFORNIA STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MANAGEMENT; RIVER; REGIME; BIODIVERSITY; RESTORATION; CHALLENGES AB Environmental flow protections are crucial to the conservation of freshwater biodiversity in dam-regulated river systems. Nevertheless, the implementation of environmental flows has lagged far behind the pace of river ecosystem alteration. The vast number of dams now in operation and the substantial resources required to modify their operations suggest that a systematic approach is needed to identify rivers potentially benefiting from environmental flows. Here, we develop and apply a screening framework that is focused on the selection of dams that warrant environmental flows on the basis of evidence of hydrologic alteration and ecological impairment. Our approach is illustrated for California, where 181 (of an initial 1400+) dams are identified as high-priority candidates to improve environmental flows for native fish conservation. Given the rapid declines of freshwater biodiversity and pervasive alteration to rivers, this systematic screening approach should be useful for guiding the strategic implementation of erironmental flows. C1 [Grantham, Theodore E.] US Geol Survey, Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Viers, Joshua H.] Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. [Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grantham, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tgrantham@usgs.gov FU Natural Resources Defense Council, California Trout, Trout Unlimited; S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation; California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program FX This study benefited from conversations with Curtis Knight, Monty Schmitt, Brian Johnson, and Rene Henery. The manuscript was also greatly improved by comments from four anonymous reviewers. We thank Nick Santos for GIS analysis and modeling support. Daren Carlisle and David Wolock assisted with hydrologic modeling. Sydney Vickery helped with figure development. This research was supported by funding from the Natural Resources Defense Council, California Trout, Trout Unlimited, the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, and the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2014 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1006 EP 1018 DI 10.1093/biosci/biu159 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AT1XU UT WOS:000344725100008 ER PT J AU Chasar, A Harrigan, RJ Holbrook, KM Dietsch, TV Fuller, TL Wikelski, M Smith, TB AF Chasar, Anthony Harrigan, Ryan J. Holbrook, Kimberly M. Dietsch, Thomas V. Fuller, Trevon L. Wikelski, Martin Smith, Thomas B. TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Frugivorous Hornbill Movements in Central Africa and their Implications for Rain Forest Conservation SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bycanistes albotibialis; Cameroon; Ceratogymna atrata; hornbills; rain forest; satellite tracking; seed dispersal ID SEED-DISPERSAL; CERATOGYMNA HORNBILLS; EVERGREEN FOREST; DJA-RESERVE; HABITAT USE; CAMEROON; ANIMALS; SPACE; REGENERATION; POPULATIONS AB Tropical forest conservation and restoration require an understanding of the movements and habitat preferences of important seed dispersers. With forests now being altered at an unprecedented rate, avian frugivores are becoming increasingly vital for forest regeneration. Seed movement, however, is highly dependent on the behavioral characteristics of their dispersers. Here, we examined the movements, habitat preferences, and range sizes of two African frugivores: the Black-casqued (Ceratogymna atrata) and the White-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) Hornbill, in the lowland rain forests of southern Cameroon. Using satellite transmitters, we tracked eight hornbills for 3yr to characterize their movements and relate them to environmental landscape features. Hornbill movements differed significantly, with B.albotibialis ranging over larger areas (mean=20,274ha) than C.atrata (mean=5604ha), and females of both species covering over 15 times the area of males. Evidence suggests that movements are irruptive during particular periods, perhaps driven by low resource availability. In addition, hornbills often returned to the same localities within a year, although movements were not characterized as migratory. Both species displayed significant differences in habitat preference, with B.albotibialis utilizing disturbed habitat more frequently than C.atrata (t=-22.04, P=2.2x10(-16)). Major roads were found to act as barriers for C.atrata, but not for B.albotibialis. The ability of both hornbill species to move large distances suggests hornbills will play a vital role in the maintenance and regeneration of rain forests in Central Africa as forest fragmentation increases and terrestrial vertebrates decline in numbers. Resume Conservation des forets tropicales et de la restauration, il faut comprendre les mouvements et les preferences d'habitat des disseminateurs de graines importantes. Avec ses forets actuellement modifies a un rythme sans precedent, les oiseaux frugivores sont de plus en plus vital pour la regeneration de la foret. mouvement des semences, cependant, est tres dependante des caracteristiques comportementales de leurs dispersants. Ici, nous avons examine les mouvements, les preferences en matiere d'habitat, de tailles et de gamme de deux frugivores africaines: le (Ceratogymna atrata) noir a casque et le calao a cuisses blanches (Bycanistes albotibialis), dans les forets tropicales de plaine du sud du Cameroun. L'aide d'emetteurs satellites, nous avons suivi huit calaos pendant trois ans pour caracteriser leurs mouvements et de les relier a des elements du paysage de l'environnement. mouvements de Calao differaient significativement, avec B.albotibialis allant sur de grandes surfaces (moyenne=20,274ha) que C.atrata (moyenne=5604ha), et les femelles des deux especes couvrant plus de 15 fois la superficie des hommes. Les preuves suggerent que les mouvements sont irruptive durant des periodes determinees, peut-etre entraines par la faible disponibilite des ressources. En outre, les calaos souvent renvoyes aux memes localites situees dans un an, meme si les mouvements ne sont pas caracterises comme migratoire. Les deux especes apparaissent des differences significatives dans les preferences de l'habitat, avec B.albotibialis utilisant habitat perturbe plus frequemment que C.atrata (t=-22.04, P=2.2x10(-16)). Les routes principales ont ete trouves a agir comme des barrieres pour C.atrata, mais pas pour B.albotibialis. La capacite des deux especes de calao de deplacer de grandes distances suggere calaos joueront un role essentiel dans le maintien et la regeneration des forets en Afrique centrale que la fragmentation de la foret augmente et les vertebres terrestres baisse du nombre. C1 [Chasar, Anthony; Harrigan, Ryan J.; Dietsch, Thomas V.; Fuller, Trevon L.; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Holbrook, Kimberly M.] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Dietsch, Thomas V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Div, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Wikelski, Martin] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Smith, TB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, 621 Charles E Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tbsmith@ucla.edu FU National Science Foundation [IIA - 1243524]; Disney Conservation Fund; Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology; UCLA's Center for Tropical Research FX We thank the govenement of the Republic of Cameroon for permission to conduct the research. We especially acknowledge the assistance of Francis Fonsi and the people of Kompia and Befanlone for their support and assistance. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (IIA - 1243524), Disney Conservation Fund, and funding from the Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology and UCLA's Center for Tropical Research. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2014 VL 46 IS 6 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1111/btp.12160 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS9AT UT WOS:000344536600016 ER PT J AU Whiteley, AR Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Whiteley, Andrew R. Coombs, Jason A. Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. TI Simulation and empirical analysis of novel sibship-based genetic determination of fish passage SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BROOK TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PEDIGREE RECONSTRUCTION; MARKER DATA; STREAM; CONNECTIVITY; SOFTWARE; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL AB We develop and test a new analytic approach, termed "sib-split", to detect fish passage through road crossings. This new approach is based on the genetic analysis of full-siblings on opposite sides of potential barriers. We used simulations and data from two empirical case studies involving brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) movement with respect to barriers that varied in strength of effect on fish passage. Simulations revealed that both sib-split and the population assignment-based method (STRUCTURE) were highly accurate (mean accuracy > 99%) under easy-to-detect conditions (moderate to strong genetic differentiation and no movement). However, under difficult-to-detect simulated conditions (no genetic differentiation, 10% movement each generation), sib-split had higher accuracy (mean accuracy = 98%) than STRUCTURE (mean accuracy = 84%). Sib-split also outperformed STRUCTURE (mean accuracy 98% versus 89%) under a more difficult-to-detect simulated management scenario (simulated construction of a new complete barrier to movement). Sib-split provided more reliable and easily interpretable movement detection in both easy-and difficult-to-detect empirical case studies. With the empirical case studies, sensitivity to the prior on migration rate precluded use of STRUCTURE by itself, but a two-step approach where sib-split results were used to provide an informed migration prior for STRUCTURE provided additional information for both case studies. C1 [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.; Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Whiteley, AR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM awhiteley@eco.umass.edu FU USDA Forest Service San Dimas Technology and Development Center [USFS 10-JV-11242307-098]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst [14] FX We thank C. Riley for sample collection from the Michigan study site. We thank M. O'Donnell and T. Dubreuil for help with sample collection from the Massachusetts study site. Genotypic data were collected by M. Page, S. Jane, and M. Burak. H. Neville, E. Taylor, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. This work was funded through a grant from the USDA Forest Service San Dimas Technology and Development Center (USFS 10-JV-11242307-098). A.W. received additional support from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, under project number MAS#14. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1667 EP 1679 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0137 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CN UT WOS:000344604800007 ER PT J AU Neville, HM Peterson, DP AF Neville, Helen M. Peterson, Douglas P. TI Genetic monitoring of trout movement after culvert remediation: family matters SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-HENSHAWI; SALMO-TRUTTA L; RAINBOW-TROUT; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; ASSIGNMENT METHODS AB We contrasted various genetic analyses to evaluate their utility and constraints for detecting movement of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) through restored culverts in different field settings: population-level metrics of genetic variability (heterozygosity and allelic richness); Bayesian clustering and assignment of individual genotypes from age 1+ fish; and a novel "sib-split" approach, where movement patterns are extracted from the spatial distribution of young-of-year (YOY) full-sibling groups inferred via pedigree reconstruction. Family structure greatly influenced population-level and individual clustering results in our small headwater populations, even though field sampling was implemented to avoid siblings. Sib-split, which uses family structure to detect movement, uncovered passage of YOY just weeks after emergence. When retrospectively applied to older individuals, it proved essential in interpreting clustering patterns and captured passage in several families of 1- and 2-year-olds. Where family structuring may negatively affect genetic analyses or, alternatively, be prominent enough to allow application of sib-split is difficult to predict a priori; we discuss benefits and limitations of all approaches under different ecological, spatial, and management scenarios. C1 [Neville, Helen M.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Neville, HM (reprint author), Trout Unltd, 910 W Main St,Suite 342, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM hneville@tu.org FU US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Passage Program (FONS) [61330-2006-015]; USDA Forest Service Lolo National Forest [USFS 10-IA-11011600-014]; USDA Forest Service's Highway Trust Funds for Aquatic Passage for the San Dimas AOP Monitoring Project [USFS 06-IA-11221659-097, 10-CS-11138100-024]; Trout Unlimited-USFWS cooperative agreement [601818J447] FX J. Anderson, L. Bahn, R. Bilbrey, D. Brewer, G. Brink, E. Cholak, C. Cooney, K. Dixon, B. Grammens, T. Lyon, K. Nixon, J. Payne, D. Rearick, D. Rouse, and C. Torrens assisted with fieldwork. S. Spaulding, S. Hendrickson, K. Smith, R. Brassfield, and other USFS biologists provided information on prospective study sites. Funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Passage Program (FONS No. 61330-2006-015); USDA Forest Service Lolo National Forest (USFS 10-IA-11011600-014); USDA Forest Service's Highway Trust Funds for Aquatic Passage for the San Dimas AOP Monitoring Project (via USFS 06-IA-11221659-097 and 10-CS-11138100-024); and a Trout Unlimited-USFWS cooperative agreement (No. 601818J447). M. Peacock and V. Kirchoff at Laboratory for Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics, University of Nevada-Reno, performed the lab work. M. Mayfield provided Fig. 1 and J. Coombs helped with initial PEDAGOG and COLONY simulations. J. Coombs and A. Whiteley provided productive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1680 EP 1694 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0138 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CN UT WOS:000344604800008 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CM Johnson, NS Steibel, JP Twohey, MB Binder, TR Krueger, CC Jones, ML AF Holbrook, Christopher M. Johnson, Nicholas S. Steibel, Juan P. Twohey, Michael B. Binder, Thomas R. Krueger, Charles C. Jones, Michael L. TI Estimating reach-specific fish movement probabilities in rivers with a Bayesian state-space model: application to sea lamprey passage and capture at dams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SURVIVAL; RECAPTURE; DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGISTS; BARRIERS AB Improved methods are needed to evaluate barriers and traps for control and assessment of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes. A Bayesian state-space model provided reach-specific probabilities of movement, including trap capture and dam passage, for 148 acoustic tagged invasive sea lamprey in the lower Cheboygan River, Michigan, a tributary to Lake Huron. Reach-specific movement probabilities were combined to obtain estimates of spatial distribution and abundance needed to evaluate a barrier and trap complex for sea lamprey control and assessment. Of an estimated 21 828 - 29 300 adult sea lampreys in the river, 0%-2%, or 0-514 untagged lampreys, could have passed upstream of the dam, and 46%-61% were caught in the trap. Although no tagged lampreys passed above the dam (0/148), our sample size was not sufficient to consider the lock and dam a complete barrier to sea lamprey. Results also showed that existing traps are in good locations because 83%-96% of the population was vulnerable to existing traps. However, only 52%-69% of lampreys vulnerable to traps were caught, suggesting that traps can be improved. The approach used in this study was a novel use of Bayesian state-space models that may have broader applications, including evaluation of barriers for other invasive species (e. g., Asian carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.)) and fish passage structures for other diadromous fishes. C1 [Holbrook, Christopher M.; Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Steibel, Juan P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Steibel, Juan P.; Binder, Thomas R.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Twohey, Michael B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Binder, Thomas R.; Krueger, Charles C.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Holbrook, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM cholbrook@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission through Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations [GL-00E23010-3] FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission through Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010-3). The Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (http://www.data.glos.us/glatos) assisted with project coordination. Great Lakes Tissue and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources provided property access. T. Brenden, M. Hansen, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive suggestions to improve the manuscript. J. Barber, E. Benzer, E. Larson, H. Thompson, Z. Holmes, and M. Lancewicz provided assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This article is contribution No. 4 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System, contribution No. 1862 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center, and contribution No. 2014-11 of the MSU Quantitative Fisheries Center. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1713 EP 1729 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0581 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CN UT WOS:000344604800011 ER PT J AU Amburgey, SM Bailey, LL Murphy, M Muths, E Funk, WC AF Amburgey, S. M. Bailey, L. L. Murphy, M. Muths, E. Funk, W. C. TI The effects of hydropattern and predator communities on amphibian occupancy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE species distributions; fish predation; odonate larvae; habitat suitability; amphibian decline; Pseudacris maculata; Boreal Chorus Frog ID SALAMANDERS AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; FROG RANA-TEMPORARIA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPATIAL SCALES; NATIONAL-PARK; RESPONSES AB Complex, interactive ecological constraints regulate species distributions, and understanding these factors is crucial for predicting species persistence. We used occupancy analysis, which corrects for imperfect detection, to test the importance of abiotic and biotic habitat and landscape factors on probability of occupancy by Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata (Agassiz, 1850)) tadpoles. We hypothesized that hydropattern and predators are primarily important because they affect desiccation and predation risk and can interact in ways difficult to predict. We surveyed 62 wetland sites across an elevational gradient in Colorado, USA, and modeled patterns in P. maculata occupancy. Tadpoles were most frequently present in intermediate-length hydropattern systems with lower desiccation risk and no predatory fish because of occasional drying. Pseudacris maculata occupancy had a strong negative relationship with fish presence, while tadpoles, odonate larvae, and Barred Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium mavortium Baird, 1850) frequently co-occurred. Dry seasonal conditions will likely result in fewer intermediate-length hydropattern ponds available for amphibian breeding. We hypothesize that this will force P. maculata to breed in habitats with fish. As habitats shrink, predators that co-occur with P. maculata are expected to concentrate in the remaining habitat and increase predation risk for developing tadpoles (assuming predators are similarly constricted in their habitat use as amphibians are). C1 [Amburgey, S. M.; Funk, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bailey, L. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Murphy, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Muths, E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Amburgey, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, 1878 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sma279@psu.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU Colorado State University; Edward and Phyllis Reed Fellowship Fund FX We thank S. Gobert for assistance in the field, L. Poff for his comments and suggestions, and the Fort Collins Natural Areas Program for allowing us access to their properties. We also thank all property owners who kindly let us survey their ponds. This research was funded by Colorado State University and the Edward and Phyllis Reed Fellowship Fund and was permitted by the Colorado Division of Wildlife (# 11HP957). This is contribution No. 491 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Edward and Phyllis Reed Fellowship FundU. S. Government. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 50 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 92 IS 11 BP 927 EP 937 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0106 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT6EO UT WOS:000345032200002 ER PT J AU Hoell, A Funk, C Barlow, M AF Hoell, Andrew Funk, Chris Barlow, Mathew TI La Nina diversity and Northwest Indian Ocean Rim teleconnections SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO diversity; La Nina; Tropical warm pool; Drought; East Africa; Central-Southwest Asia ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SOUTHWEST ASIA; AFRICAN RAINFALL; WARM POOL; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC AB The differences in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) expressions of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events of the same phase have been linked with different global atmospheric circulation patterns. This study examines the dynamical forcing of precipitation during October-December (OND) and MarchMay (MAM) over East Africa and during December-March (DJFM) over Central-Southwest Asia for 1950-2010 associated with four tropical Pacific SST patterns characteristic of La Nina events, the cold phase of ENSO. The self-organizing map method along with a statistical distinguishability test was used to isolate La Nina events, and seasonal precipitation forcing was investigated in terms of the tropical overturning circulation and thermodynamic and moisture budgets. Recent La Nina events with strong opposing SST anomalies between the central and western Pacific Ocean (phases 3 and 4), force the strongest global circulation modifications and drought over the Northwest Indian Ocean Rim. Over East Africa during MAM and OND, subsidence is forced by an enhanced tropical overturning circulation and precipitation reductions are exacerbated by increases in moisture flux divergence. Over Central-Southwest Asia during DJFM, the thermodynamic forcing of subsidence is primarily responsible for precipitation reductions, with moisture flux divergence acting as a secondary mechanism to reduce precipitation. Eastern Pacific La Nina events in the absence of west Pacific SST anomalies (phases 1 and 2), are associated with weaker global teleconnections, particularly over the Indian Ocean Rim. The weak regional teleconnections result in statistically insignificant precipitation modifications over East Africa and Central-Southwest Asia. C1 [Hoell, Andrew; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA USA. RP Hoell, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hoell@geog.ucsb.edu; chris@geog.ucsb.edu; Mathew_Barlow@uml.edu FU US Agency for International Development FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped to improve the manuscript and Martin Hoerling for providing the GFS simulations. NCEP Reanalysis and ERSST data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. This research builds upon a multi-year research project carried out under a US Agency for International Development-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network agreement with the US Geological Survey. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 2707 EP 2724 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2083-y PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS8DJ UT WOS:000344480100021 ER PT J AU Gates, K Ludwig, K AF Gates, Kiza Ludwig, Kris TI Responding to environmental crises SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gates, Kiza; Ludwig, Kris] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gates, K (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 12 IS 9 BP 483 EP 483 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT3PK UT WOS:000344846200001 ER PT J AU Porter, ML Kingston, ACN McCready, R Cameron, EG Hofmann, CM Suarez, L Olsen, GH Cronin, TW Robinson, PR AF Porter, Megan L. Kingston, Alexandra C. N. McCready, Robert Cameron, Evan G. Hofmann, Christopher M. Suarez, Lauren Olsen, Glenn H. Cronin, Thomas W. Robinson, Phyllis R. TI Characterization of visual pigments, oil droplets, lens and cornea in the whooping crane Grus americana SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Whooping crane; Visual pigment; Opsin; Ocular media; Oil droplets ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; OCULAR MEDIA; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; ULTRAVIOLET VISION; BIRDS; PHOTORECEPTOR; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; VIOLET; OPSIN AB Vision has been investigated in many species of birds, but few studies have considered the visual systems of large birds and the particular implications of large eyes and long-life spans on visual system capabilities. To address these issues we investigated the visual system of the whooping crane Grus americana (Gruiformes, Gruidae), which is one of only two North American crane species. It is a large, long-lived bird in which UV sensitivity might be reduced by chromatic aberration and entrance of UV radiation into the eye could be detrimental to retinal tissues. To investigate the whooping crane visual system we used microspectrophotometry to determine the absorbance spectra of retinal oil droplets and to investigate whether the ocular media (i.e. the lens and cornea) absorb UV radiation. In vitro expression and reconstitution was used to determine the absorbance spectra of rod and cone visual pigments. The rod visual pigments had wavelengths of peak absorbance (lambda(max)) at 500 nm, whereas the cone visual pigment lambda(max) values were determined to be 404 nm (SWS1), 450 nm (SWS2), 499 nm (RH2) and 561 nm (LWS), similar to other characterized bird visual pigment absorbance values. The oil droplet cut-off wavelength (lambda(cut)) values similarly fell within ranges recorded in other avian species: 576 nm (R-type), 522 nm (Y-type), 506 nm (P-type) and 448 nm (C-type). We confirm that G. americana has a violet-sensitive visual system; however, as a consequence of the lambda(max) of the SWS1 visual pigment (404 nm), it might also have some UV sensitivity. C1 [Porter, Megan L.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Kingston, Alexandra C. N.; McCready, Robert; Cameron, Evan G.; Hofmann, Christopher M.; Suarez, Lauren; Cronin, Thomas W.; Robinson, Phyllis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Olsen, Glenn H.] USGS Pautuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Porter, ML (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Megan.Porter@usd.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0149] FX The research was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [grant number FA9550-09-1-0149 to T.W.C.]. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 217 IS 21 BP 3883 EP 3890 DI 10.1242/jeb.108456 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AT3XA UT WOS:000344866300022 PM 25267845 ER PT J AU Kapnick, SB Delworth, TL Ashfaq, M Malyshev, S Milly, PCD AF Kapnick, Sarah B. Delworth, Thomas L. Ashfaq, Moetasim Malyshev, Sergey Milly, P. C. D. TI Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; WATER-RESOURCES; HINDU-KUSH; PRECIPITATION; GLACIERS; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATION; SCENARIOS; MONSOON AB The high mountains of Asia, including the Karakoram, Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, combine to form a region of perplexing hydroclimate changes. Glaciers have exhibited mass stability or even expansion in the Karakoram region(1-3), contrasting with glacial mass loss across the nearby Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau(1,4), a pattern that has been termed the Karakoram anomaly. However, the remote location, complex terrain and multi-country fabric of high-mountain Asia have made it difficult to maintain longer-term monitoring systems of the meteorological components that may have influenced glacial change. Here we compare a set of high-resolution climate model simulations from 1861 to 2100 with the latest available observations to focus on the distinct seasonal cycles and resulting climate change signatures of Asia's high-mountain ranges. We find that the Karakoram seasonal cycle is dominated by non-monsoonal winter precipitation, which uniquely protects it from reductions in annual snowfall under climate warming over the twenty-first century. The simulations show that climate change signals are detectable only with long and continuous records, and at specific elevations. Our findings suggest a meteorological mechanism for regional differences in the glacier response to climate warming. C1 [Kapnick, Sarah B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ashfaq, Moetasim] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Kapnick, SB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM skapnick@princeton.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1038/NGEO2269 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT3CC UT WOS:000344812100018 ER PT J AU DePasquale, C Wagner, T Archard, GA Ferguson, B Braithwaite, VA AF DePasquale, C. Wagner, T. Archard, G. A. Ferguson, B. Braithwaite, V. A. TI Learning rate and temperament in a high predation risk environment SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Predation pressure; Temperament; Boldness; Associative learning; Conditioning ID GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES; BRACHYRHAPHIS-EPISCOPI; ANIMAL TEMPERAMENT; REARING CONDITIONS; POPULATIONS; PERSONALITY; FISH; MICE AB Living in challenging environments can influence the behavior of animals in a number of ways. For instance, populations of prey fish that experience frequent, nonlethal interactions with predators have a high proportion of individuals that express greater reaction to risk and increased activity and exploration-collectively known as temperament traits. Temperament traits are often correlated, such that individuals that are risk-prone also tend to be active and explore more. Spatial learning, which requires the integration of many sensory cues, has also been shown to vary in fish exposed to different levels of predation threat. Fish from areas of low predation risk learn to solve spatial tasks faster than fish from high predation areas. However, it is not yet known whether simpler forms of learning, such as learning associations between two events, are similarly influenced. Simple forms of associative learning are likely to be affected by temperament because a willingness to approach and explore novel situations could provide animals with a learning advantage. However, it is possible that routine-forming and inflexible traits associated with risk-prone and increased exploratory behavior may act in the opposite way and make risk-prone individuals poorer at learning associations. To investigate this, we measured temperament in Panamanian bishop fish (Brachyrhaphis episcopi) sampled from a site known to contain many predators. The B. episcopi were then tested with an associative learning task. Within this population, fish that explored more were faster at learning a cue that predicted access to food, indicating a link between temperament and basic learning abilities. C1 [DePasquale, C.] Penn State Univ Altoona, Dept Biol, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. [DePasquale, C.; Braithwaite, V. A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Brain Behav & Cognit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DePasquale, C.; Archard, G. A.; Ferguson, B.; Braithwaite, V. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, T.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Archard, G. A.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP DePasquale, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ Altoona, Dept Biol, 207 Hawthorn Bldg,3000 Ivyside Pk, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. EM ocg102@psu.edu FU USDA [AES 4296] FX The research was supported by USDA (AES 4296). We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Bill Wcislo, and Allen Herre for their help and support during fieldwork in Panama. All experiments were approved by IACUC #28642. The fish were captured under Authoridad National del Ambiente permit SE/A-84-08. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-3099-z PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT0AJ UT WOS:000344599000006 PM 25270336 ER PT J AU Venarsky, MP Huntsman, BM Huryn, AD Benstead, JP Kuhajda, BR AF Venarsky, Michael P. Huntsman, Brock M. Huryn, Alexander D. Benstead, Jonathan P. Kuhajda, Bernard R. TI Quantitative food web analysis supports the energy-limitation hypothesis in cave stream ecosystems SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics; Detritus; Bottom-up control; Trophic basis of production; Subterranean ID BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; TROPHIC BASIS; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; RESOURCE LIMITATION; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Energy limitation has long been the primary assumption underlying conceptual models of evolutionary and ecological processes in cave ecosystems. However, the prediction that cave communities are actually energy-limited in the sense that constituent populations are consuming all or most of their resource supply is untested. We assessed the energy-limitation hypothesis in three cave streams in northeastern Alabama (USA) by combining measurements of animal production, demand, and resource supplies (detritus, primarily decomposing wood particles). Comparisons of animal consumption and detritus supply rates in each cave showed that all, or nearly all, available detritus was required to support macroinvertebrate production. Furthermore, only a small amount of macroinvertebrate prey production remained to support other predatory taxa (i.e., cave fish and salamanders) after accounting for crayfish consumption. Placing the energy demands of a cave community within the context of resource supply rates provided quantitative support for the energy-limitation hypothesis, confirming the mechanism (limited energy surpluses) that likely influences the evolutionary processes and population dynamics that shape cave communities. Detritus-based surface ecosystems often have large detrital surpluses. Thus, cave ecosystems, which show minimal surpluses, occupy the extreme oligotrophic end of the spectrum of detritus-based food webs. C1 [Venarsky, Michael P.; Huryn, Alexander D.; Benstead, Jonathan P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Huntsman, Brock M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kuhajda, Bernard R.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Venarsky, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mvenarsky@gmail.com FU University of Alabama; State Wildlife Grants entitled "Assessment of population dynamics of cave inhabiting crayfish in Alabama" [T-03-02, T-3-3-2] FX Funding for this project was provided by the University of Alabama and two State Wildlife Grants entitled "Assessment of population dynamics of cave inhabiting crayfish in Alabama" to ADH and BRK (grant # T-03-02 and T-3-3-2). We are grateful to Horace Clemens and the Southeastern Cave Conservancy for cave access. Thanks to Chau Tran, Jim Godwin, Justin Cook, Tom Heatherly, Michael Kendrick, Randall Blackwood, Stuart W. McGregor, Lauren Showalter, Mica Junior, Dru Holla, Tim Wynn, Cameron Craig, Samantha Richter, Chase Moon, Jonathan Hopper, Jessica Rogers, James Ramsey, Mick Demi, Dan Nelson, Brook Fluker, Derrick Wells, and Michael Sandel for their assistance in the field and laboratory. We also thank Bob Hall, Kevin Simon, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2014 VL 176 IS 3 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-3042-3 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT0AJ UT WOS:000344599000024 PM 25218190 ER PT J AU Semenov, VS Mikhailov, VM Koptev-Dvornikov, EV Ford, AB Shulyatin, OG Semenov, SV Tkacheva, DA AF Semenov, V. S. Mikhailov, V. M. Koptev-Dvornikov, E. V. Ford, A. B. Shulyatin, O. G. Semenov, S. V. Tkacheva, D. A. TI Layered Jurassic intrusions in Antarctica SO PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMICAL STRUCTURE; NORTHERN KARELIA; DUFEK INTRUSION; BAIKAL AREA; GONDWANA; FERRAR; AGE; MAGMATISM; PROVINCE; BREAKUP AB The paper addresses the current understanding of the inner structure of the layered intrusions at Dufek Massif in the Pensacola Mountains and the Utpostane and Muren intrusions in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, which are still poorly known to Russian geologists. The magmatic events at approximately 180 Ma, including the emplacement of layered intrusions, are thought to had predated the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent. The spatiotemporal similarities of the intrusions determine the importance of the problem of whether they were produced by a single or more than one parental magmas, which are thought to have been derived under the effect of a superplume. C1 [Semenov, V. S.; Semenov, S. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Precambrian Geol & Geochronol, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Mikhailov, V. M.; Shulyatin, O. G.; Tkacheva, D. A.] All Russia Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Worl, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. [Koptev-Dvornikov, E. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Geol Fac, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Ford, A. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Semenov, VS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Precambrian Geol & Geochronol, Nab Makarova 2, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM svs77@rambler.ru; ABFord@aol.com FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-05-01027-a, 11-05-00940-a] FX This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project nos. 11-05-01027-a and 11-05-00940-a. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0869-5911 EI 1556-2085 J9 PETROLOGY+ JI Petrology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 547 EP 573 DI 10.1134/S0869591114060034 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA AT0IO UT WOS:000344620300003 ER PT J AU Fee, D Yokoo, A Johnson, JB AF Fee, David Yokoo, Akihiko Johnson, Jeffrey B. TI Introduction to an Open Community Infrasound Dataset from the Actively Erupting Sakurajima Volcano, Japan SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VULCANIAN ERUPTION; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; ALASKA; WAVE C1 [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Yokoo, Akihiko] Kyoto Univ, Inst Geothermal Sci, Aso Volcanol Lab, Kumamoto, Japan. [Johnson, Jeffrey B.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee@gi.alaska.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1162 DI 10.1785/0220140051 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AS8QD UT WOS:000344512500003 ER PT J AU Matoza, RS Fee, D Lopez, TM AF Matoza, Robin S. Fee, David Lopez, Taryn M. TI Acoustic Characterization of Explosion Complexity at Sakurajima, Karymsky, and Tungurahua Volcanoes SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRASOUND OBSERVATIONS; PROPAGATION; KAMCHATKA; ALASKA; WAVES; NOISE C1 [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fee, David; Lopez, Taryn M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Matoza, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rmatoza@ucsd.edu FU Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1113338]; Geophysical Institute; NSF [EAR-1331084, EAR-1250148]; Alaska Space Grant Consortium FX We thank Jeffrey Johnson for collecting and providing the image data used in Figure 10, Maurizio Ripepe for providing the Stromboli data used in Figures 1 and 2, and Kirsten Chojnicki for discussions. We are grateful to SVO, KBGS/IVS, and IG-EPN for field and logistical support with the data collection. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helping us to improve the manuscript. We used ASTER digital elevation model (DEM) data in Figure 3. R.S.M. acknowledges support from the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant EAR-1113338. D.F. acknowledges support from the Geophysical Institute and NSF Grant EAR-1331084. T.M.L. acknowledges support from the Geophysical Institute, the Alaska Space Grant Consortium, and NSF Grant EAR-1250148. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1785/0220140110 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AS8QD UT WOS:000344512500006 ER PT J AU Mckee, K Fee, D Rowell, C Yokoo, A AF Mckee, Kathleen Fee, David Rowell, Colin Yokoo, Akihiko TI Network-Based Evaluation of the Infrasonic Source Location at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL SEMBLANCE; ERUPTION C1 [Mckee, Kathleen; Fee, David; Rowell, Colin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Yokoo, Akihiko] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Geothermal Sci, Aso Volcanol Lab, Kumamoto 8691404, Japan. RP Mckee, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee@gi.alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1113294]; Geophysical Institute FX We would like to thank the Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Mie Ichihara, and Yuki Abe for assistance with data collection and planning, as well as Jeff Johnson, Philippa Demonte, Brian Terbush, and Robin Matoza. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-1113294 and the Geophysical Institute. The manuscript was significantly improved by two helpful reviews. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1200 EP 1211 DI 10.1785/0220140119 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AS8QD UT WOS:000344512500007 ER PT J AU Rummel, JD Beaty, DW Jones, MA Bakermans, C Barlow, NG Boston, PJ Chevrier, VF Clark, BC de Vera, JPP Gough, RV Hallsworth, JE Head, JW Hipkin, VJ Kieft, TL McEwen, AS Mellon, MT Mikucki, JA Nicholson, WL Omelon, CR Peterson, R Roden, EE Sherwood Lollar, B Tanaka, KL Viola, D Wray, JJ AF Rummel, John D. Beaty, David W. Jones, Melissa A. Bakermans, Corien Barlow, Nadine G. Boston, Penelope J. Chevrier, Vincent F. Clark, Benton C. de Vera, Jean-Pierre P. Gough, Raina V. Hallsworth, John E. Head, James W. Hipkin, Victoria J. Kieft, Thomas L. McEwen, Alfred S. Mellon, Michael T. Mikucki, Jill A. Nicholson, Wayne L. Omelon, Christopher R. Peterson, Ronald Roden, Eric E. Sherwood Lollar, Barbara Tanaka, Kenneth L. Viola, Donna Wray, James J. TI A New Analysis of Mars "Special Regions": Findings of the Second MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2) SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT News Item ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; RECURRING SLOPE LINEAE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; SEASONAL POLAR-CAP; WATER-VAPOR UPTAKE; VOSTOK ICE CORE; LITHOAUTOTROPHIC MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SPACECRAFT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS; SOIL HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION AB A committee of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) has reviewed and updated the description of Special Regions on Mars as places where terrestrial organisms might replicate (per the COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy). This review and update was conducted by an international team (SR-SAG2) drawn from both the biological science and Mars exploration communities, focused on understanding when and where Special Regions could occur. The study applied recently available data about martian environments and about terrestrial organisms, building on a previous analysis of Mars Special Regions (2006) undertaken by a similar team. Since then, a new body of highly relevant information has been generated from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (launched in 2005) and Phoenix (2007) and data from Mars Express and the twin Mars Exploration Rovers (all 2003). Results have also been gleaned from the Mars Science Laboratory (launched in 2011). In addition to Mars data, there is a considerable body of new data regarding the known environmental limits to life on Earth-including the potential for terrestrial microbial life to survive and replicate under martian environmental conditions. The SR-SAG2 analysis has included an examination of new Mars models relevant to natural environmental variation in water activity and temperature; a review and reconsideration of the current parameters used to define Special Regions; and updated maps and descriptions of the martian environments recommended for treatment as "Uncertain" or "Special" as natural features or those potentially formed by the influence of future landed spacecraft. Significant changes in our knowledge of the capabilities of terrestrial organisms and the existence of possibly habitable martian environments have led to a new appreciation of where Mars Special Regions may be identified and protected. The SR-SAG also considered the impact of Special Regions on potential future human missions to Mars, both as locations of potential resources and as places that should not be inadvertently contaminated by human activity. Key Words: Martian environments-Mars astrobiology-Extreme environment microbiology-Planetary protection-Exploration resources. Astrobiology 14, 887-968. C1 [Rummel, John D.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Beaty, David W.; Jones, Melissa A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bakermans, Corien] Penn State Univ, Altoona Coll, Altoona, PA USA. [Barlow, Nadine G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Boston, Penelope J.; Kieft, Thomas L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Chevrier, Vincent F.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Clark, Benton C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [de Vera, Jean-Pierre P.] Inst Planetary Res, German Aerosp Ctr, Berlin, Germany. [Gough, Raina V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hallsworth, John E.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Global Food Secur, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hipkin, Victoria J.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. [McEwen, Alfred S.; Viola, Donna] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Mikucki, Jill A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nicholson, Wayne L.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Merritt Isl, FL USA. [Omelon, Christopher R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Peterson, Ronald] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Roden, Eric E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI USA. [Roden, Eric E.] Univ Wisconsin, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Madison, WI USA. [Sherwood Lollar, Barbara] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wray, James J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rummel, JD (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, ICSP, Flanagan 250, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM rummelj@ecu.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Hallsworth, John/K-7876-2013; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; NR 628 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 73 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 887 EP 968 DI 10.1089/ast.2014.1227 PG 82 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA AT3XP UT WOS:000344868500001 PM 25401393 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Madenjian, CP Cott, PA Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP AF Stapanian, Martin A. Madenjian, Charles P. Cott, Peter A. Rediske, Richard R. O'Keefe, James P. TI POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENER DISTRIBUTIONS IN BURBOT: EVIDENCE FOR A LATITUDE EFFECT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyl; Homolog; Congener; Burbot; Great Slave Lake; Lake Erie ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT SLAVE LAKE; LOTA-LOTA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; SEXUAL DIFFERENCE; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ERIE; FISH; POPULATION AB The authors compared the distributions of the congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) detected in whole-body samples of burbot (Lota lota) from Great Slave Lake and Lake Erie. Total PCB concentrations in Great Slave Lake burbot were about one-sixtieth of the concentrations in Lake Erie burbot. Burbot from Great Slave Lake contained a higher proportion of lower-chlorinated (2-6 chlorines) congeners than did burbot from Lake Erie; the reverse occurred for more highly chlorinated (7-9 chlorines) congeners. Hexachloro congeners, followed by pentachloro congeners, dominated the proportions of total PCBs in burbot from both lakes. There were no differences between sexes in whole-body samples or between gonad and somatic tissues in the proportions of the 39 congeners and 3 sets of coeluters detected in burbot from Great Slave Lake. In contrast, there were distinct sex differences in congener distributions for older burbot from Lake Erie. The results generally supported a prediction of higher proportions of lower-chlorinated PCB homologs in organisms in remote polar areas. However, the latitudinal effect on PCB congener distribution may be more complex than that portrayed in previous studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2448-2454. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Cott, Peter A.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Laurier GNWT Partnership, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2448 EP 2454 DI 10.1002/etc.2703 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AS3LB UT WOS:000344178100010 PM 25088677 ER PT J AU Rumschlag, SL Boone, MD Fellers, G AF Rumschlag, Samantha L. Boone, Michelle D. Fellers, Gary TI THE EFFECTS OF THE AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS, INSECTICIDE EXPOSURE, AND TEMPERATURE ON LARVAL ANURAN DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Carbaryl; Environmental biology; Insecticide; Malathion ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS INFECTION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; FROG TADPOLES; LEOPARD FROG; RANA-PIPIENS; DISEASE; PESTICIDES; EMERGENCE; DECLINES; PATHOGEN AB Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been implicated as a cause of amphibian declines. Susceptibility may be influenced by environmental factors that suppress the immune response. The authors conducted a laboratory study to examine the effect of temperature, insecticide exposure, and Bd exposure during larval anuran development. The authors examined the consequences of exposure to Bd, an insecticide (carbaryl or malathion), and static or fluctuating temperature (15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, or 15 degrees C to 25 degrees C 72-h flux) on larval development through metamorphosis of the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla). High and fluctuating temperature had negative effects on survival in the presence of Bd. Insecticides inhibited the effects of Bd; time to tail resorption of Pacific treefrogs decreased when tadpoles were exposed to carbaryl. The present study indicates that abiotic factors may play a role in the host-pathogen interactions in this system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2545-2550. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Rumschlag, Samantha L.; Boone, Michelle D.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Fellers, Gary] US Geol Survey, Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA USA. RP Rumschlag, SL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM rumschsl@miamioh.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2545 EP 2550 DI 10.1002/etc.2707 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AS3LB UT WOS:000344178100023 PM 25098758 ER PT J AU Johnson, BL Willacker, JJ Eagles-Smith, CA Pearl, CA Adams, MJ AF Johnson, Branden L. Willacker, James J. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Pearl, Christopher A. Adams, Michael J. TI INVASIVE CRAYFISH AS VECTORS OF MERCURY IN FRESHWATER FOOD WEBS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Crayfish; Energy density; Invasive species; Mercury; Food web ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; INTRODUCED CRAYFISH; SPORT FISH; LAKE; BIOACCUMULATION; IMPACT; PREY; USA AB Invasive species are important drivers of environmental change in aquatic ecosystems and can alter habitat characteristics, community composition, and ecosystem energetics. Such changes have important implications for many ecosystem processes, including the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants through food webs. Mercury concentrations were measured in 2 nonnative and 1 native crayfish species from western Oregon (USA). Nonnative red swamp crayfish had mercury concentrations similar to those in native signal crayfish (0.29 +/- 0.05 mu g/g dry wt and 0.36 +/- 0.06 mu g/g dry wt, respectively), whereas the nonnative ringed crayfish had lower mercury concentrations (0.10 +/- 0.02 mu g/g dry wt) than either of the other species. The mean energy content of muscle was similar between the native signal crayfish and nonnative ringed crayfish but was significantly higher in the nonnative red swamp crayfish. Across species, mercury concentrations were negatively correlated with energy density. Such energetic differences could exacerbate changes in mercury transfer through trophic pathways of food webs, especially via alterations to the growth dynamics of consumers. Thus, it is important to consider the role of energy content in determining effective mercury exposure even when mercury concentrations on a per-unit mass basis do not differ between species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2639-2645. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Johnson, Branden L.; Willacker, James J.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Pearl, Christopher A.; Adams, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Northwest Regional Office State Partnership program; USGS Contaminant Biology Program within the Environmental Health Mission Area; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area FX The present study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Northwest Regional Office State Partnership program, the USGS Contaminant Biology Program within the Environmental Health Mission Area, and the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. We thank the private landowners and agency personnel who helped locate and access sampling sites, including biologists from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Long Tom Watershed Council, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, and US Bureau of Land Management. We thank B. McCreary, L. Fitzpatrick, and B. Priz for their work afield, and N. Baker and M. Wagner for lab assistance. We thank C. Furin, M. Fitzpatrick, and 2 anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback on a draft of this manuscript. Sampling was conducted under scientific collecting permits from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2639 EP 2645 DI 10.1002/etc.2727 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AS3LB UT WOS:000344178100035 PM 25143076 ER PT J AU Sanches, ID Souza, CR Kokaly, RF AF Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto Kokaly, Raymond Floyd TI Spectroscopic remote sensing of plant stress at leaf and canopy levels using the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature with continuum removal SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; Airborne sensor; Chlorophyll absorption feature; Continuum removal; Spectral feature analysis; Vegetation index ID RED-EDGE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; VEGETATION STRESS; SPECTRAL FEATURE; NATIONAL-PARK; AVIRIS DATA; NEW-MEXICO; FLUORESCENCE AB This paper explores the use of spectral feature analysis to detect plant stress in visible/near infrared wavelengths. A time series of close range leaf and canopy reflectance data of two plant species grown in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was acquired with a portable spectrometer. The ProSpecTIR-VS airborne imaging spectrometer was used to obtain far range hyperspectral remote sensing data over the field experiment. Parameters describing the chlorophyll 680 nm absorption feature (depth, width, and area) were derived using continuum removal applied to the spectra. A new index, the Plant Stress Detection Index (PSDI), was calculated using continuum-removed values near the chlorophyll feature centre (680 nm) and on the green-edge (560 and 575 nm). Chlorophyll feature's depth, width and area, the PSDI and a narrow-band normalised difference vegetation index were evaluated for their ability to detect stressed plants. The objective was to analyse how the parameters/indices were affected by increasing degrees of plant stress and to examine their utility as plant stress indicators at the remote sensing level (e.g. airborne sensor). For leaf data, PSDI and the chlorophyll feature area revealed the highest percentage (67-70%) of stressed plants. The PSDI also proved to be the best constraint for detecting the stress in hydrocarbon-impacted plants with field canopy spectra and airborne imaging spectroscopy data. This was particularly true using thresholds based on the ASD canopy data and considering the combination of higher percentage of stressed plants detected (across the thresholds) and fewer false-positives. (C) 2014 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco] Brazilian Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Remote Sensing Div DSR, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco; Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Geosci, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Kokaly, Raymond Floyd] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sanches, ID (reprint author), Brazilian Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Remote Sensing Div DSR, Av Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM ieda@dsr.inpe.br; beto@ige.unicamp.br; raymond@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017; OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101; Sanches, Ieda/0000-0003-1296-0933 FU FAPESP (Processo FAPESP) [2011/03416-8]; CNPq; Pedro Altoe Ferreira; Lis Maria Leoni Rabaco; Renato Seixas da Rocha FX I.D. Sanches is grateful to FAPESP for her post-doctorate scholarship (Processo FAPESP n. 2011/03416-8). The authors are thankful to Wilson Oliveira (Petrobras) and Marcos Nopper Alves (CPQBA-UNICAMP) for their innovative ideas and contributions during the field experiments. We are greatly indebted to Luciola Magalhaes and Giuliana Quiterio for their involvement with all phases and aspects of the spectral measurements in the field. We also acknowledge the researchers of the Technology Program for Transport (PROTRAN) of the Research Center of Petrobras (CENPES), especially to Pedro Altoe Ferreira, Lis Maria Leoni Rabaco and Renato Seixas da Rocha, for the financial and logistic support dedicated to the Biomarkers Phase-1 Project developed in partnership with UNICAMP. C.R. Souza Filho acknowledges CNPq for the research grant. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.08.015 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AS7MC UT WOS:000344439100010 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Schlaepfer, DR Lauenroth, WK Burke, IC AF Bradford, John B. Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Lauenroth, William K. Burke, Ingrid C. TI Shifts in plant functional types have time-dependent and regionally variable impacts on dryland ecosystem water balance SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; deep drainage; ecosystem water balance; evapotranspiration; plant-soil (below-ground) interactions; water yield ID WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; SOIL-WATER; GREAT-BASIN; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; BROMUS-TECTORUM; HYDRAULIC LIFT; NORTH-AMERICA; SAGE-GROUSE AB Terrestrial vegetation influences hydrologic cycling. In water-limited, dryland ecosystems, altered ecohydrology as a consequence of vegetation change can impact vegetation structure, ecological functioning and ecosystem services. Shrub steppe ecosystems dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) are widespread across western North America, and provide a range of ecosystem services. While sagebrush abundance in these ecosystems has been altered over the past century, and changes are likely to continue, the ecohydrological consequences of sagebrush removal and reestablishment remain unclear. To characterize the immediate and medium-term patterns of water cycling and availability following sagebrush plant community alteration, we applied the SOILWAT ecosystem water balance model to 898 sites across the distribution of sagebrush ecosystems, representing the three primary sagebrush ecosystem types: sagebrush shrublands, sagebrush steppe and montane sagebrush. At each site, we examined three vegetation conditions representing intact sagebrush, recently disturbed sagebrush and recovered but grass-dominated vegetation. Transition from shrub to grass dominance decreased precipitation interception and transpiration and increased soil evaporation and deep drainage. Relative to intact sagebrush vegetation, simulated soils in the herbaceous vegetation phases typically had drier surface layers and wetter deep layers. Our simulations suggested that alterations in ecosystem water balance may be most pronounced in vegetation representing recently disturbed conditions (herbaceous vegetation with low biomass) and only modest in conditions representing recovered, but still grass-dominated vegetation. Furthermore, the ecohydrological impact of simulated sagebrush removal depended on climate; while short-term changes in water balance were greatest in wet areas represented by the montane sagebrush ecosystem type, medium-term impacts were greatest in dry areas of sagebrush shrublands and sagebrush steppe.Synthesis. This study provides a novel, regional-scale assessment of how plant functional type transitions may impact ecosystem water balance in sagebrush-dominated ecosystems of North America. Results illustrate that the ecohydrological consequences of changing vegetation depend strongly on climate and suggest that decreasing woody plant abundance may have only limited impact on evapotranspiration and water yield. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.; Burke, Ingrid C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU Ecosystems mission area of the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Wyoming FX We are grateful to three anonymous referees and a handling editor for excellent comments that substantially improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the Ecosystems mission area of the U.S. Geological Survey and by the University of Wyoming. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1418 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12289 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS5UB UT WOS:000344333800006 ER PT J AU Davis, DM Reese, KP Gardner, SC AF Davis, Dawn M. Reese, Kerry P. Gardner, Scott C. TI Demography, Reproductive Ecology, and Variation in Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse in Northeastern California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; demography; greater sage-grouse; reproductive ecology; survival ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; HABITAT SELECTION; PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; BROOD HABITAT; SPATIAL DATA; MONO COUNTY; POPULATION; SUCCESS AB We examined demographic parameters and factors influencing nest survival of female greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in northeastern California. Additionally, we used known-fate models in program MARK to examine bi-weekly survival rates of females over an 8-month period (Mar-Oct, 2007-2009). Nest survival rate, assuming a 38-day exposure period, was 41% and was positively associated with grass height ((beta) over cap =0.03, SE=0.02), but the 95% confidence interval overlapped 0 (95% CI=-0.007-0.767) and the effect of grass height on nest success was likely to be small. Grass height and visual obstruction was greater at nest sites than at random locations, suggesting females selected sites with structurally more closed habitat for nesting. Females that nested under vegetation other than sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) had increased nest survival probabilities, suggesting sage-grouse selection of nest sites is based on vegetation structure more than plant species. Sagebrush canopy cover was considerably lower in our study area (approx. 10% on random plots) compared with sagebrush cover described across the geographic range of sage-grouse (>15%) and sage-grouse use of non-sagebrush plants in our study suggests sagebrush nesting habitat is limited. The overall 8-month survival (breeding season through autumn migration) for female sage-grouse was 49% (SE=0.06) with most deaths occurring in spring and autumn. Mortalities during spring coincided with nest initiation, incubation, and following hatch when successfully nesting females were tending to chicks. Mortalities in September coincided with dispersal and autumn migration. The survival estimate during the breeding season was greater among known failed nesters ((S) over cap (FAILED)=0.69) than females that nested successfully ((S) over cap (SUCCESSFUL)=0.53), indicating female greater sage-grouse were exposed to greater mortality risk during incubation and brood-rearing periods. Greater mortality risk during the breeding season (i.e., nesting and brood-rearing) can have a major impact on greater sage-grouse demography. Conservation and management efforts should focus on enhancing female greater sage-grouse survival during the breeding and brood-rearing season. (c) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Davis, Dawn M.; Reese, Kerry P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gardner, Scott C.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Davis, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM dawn_davis@fws.gov FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife under State Wildlife Grant [T-9] FX We gratefully acknowledge our field assistants M. E. Sullivan, A. J. Goad, A. C. Pratt, B. J. Gunderson, W. R. Folland, D. R. Kohn, K. A. Clark, W. L Lutz Jr., and N. L. Mickle as well as the numerous volunteers who assisted with data collection. We thank C. E. Braun and C. D. Caudill who provided comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by California Department of Fish and Wildlife under State Wildlife Grant T-9: Population and habitat investigations of greater sage-grouse in California. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1343 EP 1355 DI 10.1002/jwmg.797 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AS6OP UT WOS:000344382900004 ER PT J AU Buderman, FE Diefenbach, DR Rosenberry, CS Wallingford, BD Long, ES AF Buderman, Frances E. Diefenbach, Duane R. Rosenberry, Christopher S. Wallingford, Bret D. Long, Eric S. TI Effect of Hunter Selectivity on Harvest Rates of Radio-Collared White-Tailed Deer in Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ear tag; harvest rate; hunter behavior; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; radiocollar; white-tailed deer ID CAPTURE MYOPATHY; REPORTING RATES; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; FAWNS; MODEL AB Radio transmitters are a commonly used tool for monitoring the fates of harvested species, although little research has been devoted to whether a visible radio transmitter changes a hunters' willingness to harvest that animal. We initially surveyed deer hunters to assess their willingness to harvest radio-collared deer and predicted radio collars were unlikely to affect the harvest of antlerless deer, but hunters may be less willing to harvest small-antlered males with radio collars compared to large-antlered males. We fitted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with radio collars that were visible to hunters or with ear-tag transmitters or ear-tags that were difficult to detect visually and estimated if harvest rates differed among marking methods. For females, the best model failed to detect an effect of radio collars on harvest rates. Also, we failed to detect a difference between male deer fitted with radio collars and ear-tag transmitters. When we compared males fitted with radio collars versus ear tags, we found harvest rate patterns were opposite to our predictions, with lower harvest rates for adult males fitted with radio collars and higher harvest rates for yearling males fitted with radio collars. Our study suggests that harvest rate estimates generated from a sample of deer fitted with visible radio collars can be representative of the population of inference. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Buderman, Frances E.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenberry, Christopher S.; Wallingford, Bret D.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Long, Eric S.] Seattle Pacific Univ, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Buderman, FE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM franny.buderman@colostate.edu FU Pennsylvania Game Commission; U. S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the Pennsylvania Game Commission and U. S. Geological Survey. We thank M. O. Graham for her assistance in designing the mail questionnaire. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We appreciate the reviews by D. C. Fulton and 2 anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1456 EP 1465 DI 10.1002/jwmg.779 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AS6OP UT WOS:000344382900014 ER PT J AU Zambon, JB He, RY Warner, JC AF Zambon, Joseph B. He, Ruoying Warner, John C. TI Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Coupled modeling; Hurricane; Ocean dynamics ID AIR-SEA MOMENTUM; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; HIGH WIND CONDITIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; CBLAST-HURRICANE; NEXT-GENERATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB The coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model is used to hindcast Hurricane Ivan (2004), an extremely intense tropical cyclone (TC) translating through the Gulf of Mexico. Sensitivity experiments with increasing complexity in ocean-atmosphere-wave coupled exchange processes are performed to assess the impacts of coupling on the predictions of the atmosphere, ocean, and wave environments during the occurrence of a TC. Modest improvement in track but significant improvement in intensity are found when using the fully atmosphere-ocean-wave coupled configuration versus uncoupled (e.g., standalone atmosphere, ocean, or wave) model simulations. Surface wave fields generated in the fully coupled configuration also demonstrates good agreement with in situ buoy measurements. Coupled and uncoupled model-simulated sea surface temperature (SST) fields are compared with both in situ and remote observations. Detailed heat budget analysis reveals that the mixed layer temperature cooling in the deep ocean (on the shelf) is caused primarily by advection (equally by advection and diffusion). C1 [Zambon, Joseph B.; He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP He, RY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rhe@ncsu.edu FU USGS Coastal Process Project; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative/GISR [02-S130202]; NOAA [NA11NOS0120033]; NASA [NNX12AP84G, NNX13AD80G] FX Research support provided by USGS Coastal Process Project, Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative/GISR through grant 02-S130202, NOAA grant NA11NOS0120033, NASA grants NNX12AP84G, and NNX13AD80G is much appreciated. We acknowledge the National Hurricane Center for making hurricane best-track data available online. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1535 EP 1554 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AS3HC UT WOS:000344167300001 ER PT J AU Wahl, D Byrne, R Anderson, L AF Wahl, David Byrne, Roger Anderson, Lysanna TI An 8700 year paleoclimate reconstruction from the southern Maya lowlands SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Paleoclimate; Holocene; Maya lowlands; Oxygen isotopes; Pollen; Zea ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YUCATAN-PENINSULA; VEGETATION CHANGE; HOLOCENE; VARIABILITY; RECORD; CIVILIZATION; MIDHOLOCENE; STALAGMITE AB Analysis of a sediment core from Lago Puerto Arturo, a closed basin lake in northern Peten, Guatemala, has provided an similar to 8700 cal year record of climate change and human activity in the southern Maya lowlands. Stable isotope, magnetic susceptibility, and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct environmental change in the region. Results indicate a relatively wet early to middle Holocene followed by a drier late Holocene, which we interpret as reflecting long-term changes in insolation (precession). Higher frequency variability is more likely attributable to changes in ocean/atmosphere circulation in both the North Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. Pollen and isotope data show that most of the period of prehispanic agricultural settlement, i.e. similar to 5000-1000 cal yr BP, was characterized by drier conditions than previous or subsequent periods. The presence of Zea (corn) pollen through peak aridity during the Terminal Classic period (similar to 1250-1130 cal yr BP) suggests that drought may not have had as negative an impact as previously proposed. A dramatic negative shift in isotope values indicates an increase in precipitation after similar to 950 cal yr BP (hereafter BP). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wahl, David; Anderson, Lysanna] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wahl, David; Byrne, Roger] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wahl, D (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd MS-975, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dwahl@usgs.gov OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554 FU National Science Foundation (DDIG) [0327305]; Foundation for Anthropological Research and Environmental Studies (FARES); Mirador Basin/Cuenca Mirador project FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (DDIG #0327305), the Foundation for Anthropological Research and Environmental Studies (FARES), and the Mirador Basin/Cuenca Mirador project. We are grateful to Richard Hansen for facilitating field logistics and providing thoughtful discussion, Tom Schreiner and Oscar Tun for assisting ably with fieldwork, and the Instituto de Antropologia e Historia for cooperative support. We thank John Barron and Jenn Kusler for valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 103 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.004 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AS3YM UT WOS:000344211000002 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Dozal, LM Huang, YS Heikoop, JM Fawcett, PJ Fessenden, J Anderson, RS Meyers, PA Larson, T Perkins, G Toney, J Werne, JP Goff, F WoldeGabriel, G Allen, CD Berke, MA AF Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M. Huang, Yongsong Heikoop, Jeffrey M. Fawcett, Peter J. Fessenden, Julianna Anderson, R. Scott Meyers, Philip A. Larson, Toti Perkins, George Toney, Jaime Werne, Josef P. Goff, Fraser WoldeGabriel, Giday Allen, Craig D. Berke, Melissa A. TI Assessing the strength of the monsoon during the late Pleistocene in southwestern United States SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Monsoonal precipitation; Hydrogen isotope; Leaf plant waxes; Southwestern US; Drought ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; N-ALKANES; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; DEVILS-HOLE; LEAF WATER; RECORD; PRECIPITATION; PLANTS; MODEL AB Improved predictions of drought require an understanding of natural and human-induced climate variability. Long-term records across glacial-interglacial cycles provide the natural component of variability, however few such records exist for the southwestern United States (US) and quantitative or semiquantitative records of precipitation are absent. Here we use the hydrogen isotope (delta D) value of C-28 n-alkanoic acid in lacustrine sediments of Pleistocene age to reconstruct delta D values of precipitation in northern New Mexico over two glacial-interglacial cycles (similar to 550,000-360,000 years before present) and obtain a record of monsoon strength. Overall, reconstructed delta D values range from -53.8 parts per thousand to -94.4 parts per thousand, with a mean value of -77.5 +/- 8 parts per thousand. Remarkably, this variation falls within the measured present-day summer monsoonal and winter weighted means (-50.3 +/- 3 parts per thousand and 106.4 +/- 20 parts per thousand respectively), suggesting that processes similar to those of present time also controlled precipitation during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13 to 10. Using the delta D summer monsoonal and winter mean values as end-members, we interpret our reconstructed delta D record of precipitation as a direct, and semi-quantitative, indicator of monsoon strength during MIS 13 to 10. Interglacial periods were characterized by greater monsoon strength but also greater variability compared to glacial periods. Pronounced cycles in the strength of the monsoon occurred during interglacial periods and in general were positively correlated with maximum mean annual temperatures. Our estimates of monsoon strength are supported by independent proxies of ecosystem productivity, namely, TOC, delta C-13 of TOC and Si/Ti ratio and warm pollen taxa Juniperus and Quercus. Interglacial variability in the strength of the monsoon resembles a response to the land-sea surface temperature contrast (LSTC) except for the early part of MIS 11. During this period, LSTC would have remained relatively strong while monsoonal strength decreased to a minimum. This minimum occurred following the warmest interval of MIS 11, suggesting a more complex driving of monsoon strength during warm periods. In addition, this period of monsoon minimum coincided with a core section of mud-cracked sediments that suggest low monsoonal precipitation was an important factor in the onset of drought. Our estimates of monsoon strength represent a record of natural variability in the region that is relevant to present time, in particular the variability during interglacial MIS 11, which is considered an analog for the current interglacial. Our results suggest that natural variability can cause significant reductions in monsoonal precipitation with the implication of a potentially adverse effect from sustained warming. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M.; Heikoop, Jeffrey M.; Fessenden, Julianna; Larson, Toti; Perkins, George; WoldeGabriel, Giday] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huang, Yongsong; Toney, Jaime] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Fawcett, Peter J.; Goff, Fraser] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Werne, Josef P.; Berke, Melissa A.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Lab Paleoecol, Bilby Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Meyers, Philip A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cisneros-Dozal, LM (reprint author), Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, Nat Environm Res Council, Radiocarbon Facil East Kilbride, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. EM Malu.Cisneros@glasgow.ac.uk RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; Toney, Jaime/I-5083-2012; OI Toney, Jaime/0000-0003-3182-6887; Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385 FU NSF [P2C2]; IGPP LANL; USGS Western Mountain Initiative FX We thank LRC/LacCore for assistance with core sampling. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by the NSF P2C2, IGPP LANL and the USGS Western Mountain Initiative. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 103 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.022 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AS3YM UT WOS:000344211000007 ER PT J AU Reynolds, LV Shafroth, PB House, PK AF Reynolds, L. V. Shafroth, P. B. House, P. K. TI ABANDONED FLOODPLAIN PLANT COMMUNITIES ALONG A REGULATED DRYLAND RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE riparian vegetation; relict floodplains; fluvial terraces; flow regulation; Bill Williams River ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION RESPONSE; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; SPECIES RICHNESS; BASIC PRINCIPLES; MISSOURI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS; DIVERSITY AB Rivers and their floodplains worldwide have changed dramatically over the last century because of regulation by dams, flow diversions and channel stabilization. Floodplains no longer inundated by river flows following dam-induced flood reduction comprise large areas of bottomland habitat, but the effects of abandonment on plant communities are not well understood. Using a hydraulic flow model, geomorphic mapping and field surveys, we addressed the following questions along the Bill Williams River, Arizona: (i) What per cent of the bottomland do abandoned floodplains comprise? and (ii) Are abandoned floodplains quantitatively different from adjacent xeric and riparian surfaces in terms of vegetation composition and surface sediment? We found that nearly 70% of active channel and floodplain area was abandoned following dam installation. Abandoned floodplains along the Bill Williams River tend to be similar to each other yet distinct from neighbouring habitats: they have been altered physically from their historic state, leading to distinct combinations of surface sediments, hydrology and plant communities. Abandoned floodplains may transition to xeric communities over time but are likely to retain some riparian qualities as long as there is access to relatively shallow ground water. With expected increases in water demand and drying climatic conditions in many regions, these surfaces and associated vegetation will continue to be extensive in riparian landscapes worldwide. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Reynolds, L. V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reynolds, L. V.; Shafroth, P. B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [House, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Program, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Reynolds, LV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM reynoldsl@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1084 EP 1098 DI 10.1002/rra.2708 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AS0SO UT WOS:000343989000002 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Miehls, S AF Johnson, N. S. Miehls, S. TI GUIDING OUT-MIGRATING JUVENILE SEA LAMPREY (PETROMYZON MARINUS) WITH PULSED DIRECT CURRENT SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Petromyzon; Oncorhynchus; fish passage; fishways; guidance; electric; non-physical; rainbow trout ID FLOW REGULATION; COLUMBIA RIVER; FISH BEHAVIOR; BARRIERS; ELECTRORECEPTION; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MOVEMENT; STIMULI; PASSAGE AB Non-physical stimuli can deter or guide fish without affecting water flow or navigation and therefore have been investigated to improve fish passage at anthropogenic barriers and to control movement of invasive fish. Upstream fish migration can be blocked or guided without physical structure by electrifying the water, but directional downstream fish guidance with electricity has received little attention. We tested two non-uniform pulsed direct current electric systems, each having different electrode orientations (vertical versus horizontal), to determine their ability to guide out-migrating juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Both systems guided significantly more juvenile sea lamprey to a specific location in our experimental raceway when activated than when deactivated, but guidance efficiency decreased at the highest water velocities tested. At the electric field setting that effectively guided sea lamprey, rainbow trout were guided by the vertical electrode system, but most were blocked by the horizontal electrode system. Additional research should characterize the response of other species to non-uniform fields of pulsed DC and develop electrode configurations that guide fish over a range of water velocity. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Johnson, N. S.; Miehls, S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX The Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided funding and support. Fishways Global and Smith-Root staff provided electric system technical support. Fishways Global, Smith-Root, Dr Alex Haro and Dr Michael Hansen provided critical comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. United States Fish and Wildlife Service assisted with sea lamprey collections. Linnea Brege and Melissa Pomranke assisted with experiments. Henry Thompson created the figures. This manuscript is contribution number 1763 of the Great Lakes Science Center. Mention of trademark names does not infer endorsement by the US Federal Government. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1146 EP 1156 DI 10.1002/rra.2703 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AS0SO UT WOS:000343989000007 ER PT J AU Archfield, SA Kennen, JG Carlisle, DM Wolock, DM AF Archfield, S. A. Kennen, J. G. Carlisle, D. M. Wolock, D. M. TI AN OBJECTIVE AND PARSIMONIOUS APPROACH FOR CLASSIFYING NATURAL FLOW REGIMES AT A CONTINENTAL SCALE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE classification; streamflow; natural flow regime; ecology ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; STREAMFLOW REGIMES; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Hydro-ecological stream classificationthe process of grouping streams by similar hydrologic responses and, by extension, similar aquatic habitathas been widely accepted and is considered by some to be one of the first steps towards developing ecological flow targets. A new classification of 1543 streamgauges in the contiguous USA is presented by use of a novel and parsimonious approach to understand similarity in ecological streamflow response. This novel classification approach uses seven fundamental daily streamflow statistics (FDSS) rather than winnowing down an uncorrelated subset from 200 or more ecologically relevant streamflow statistics (ERSS) commonly used in hydro-ecological classification studies. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the distributions of 33 tested ERSS are consistently different among the classification groups derived from the seven FDSS. It is further shown that classification based solely on the 33 ERSS generally does a poorer job in grouping similar streamgauges than the classification based on the seven FDSS. This new classification approach has the additional advantages of overcoming some of the subjectivity associated with the selection of the classification variables and provides a set of robust continental-scale classes of US streamgauges. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Archfield, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Rhode Isl Water Sci Ctr, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Kennen, J. G.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ USA. [Carlisle, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wolock, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Archfield, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Rhode Isl Water Sci Ctr, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM sarch@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey WaterSMART Program; US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX Support for this research was provided cooperatively by the US Geological Survey WaterSMART Program and the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The authors thank Julie Kiang and Ken Eng, both of the US Geological Survey, for their technical input on the research. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1166 EP 1183 DI 10.1002/rra.2710 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AS0SO UT WOS:000343989000009 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Krogman, RM AF Miranda, L. E. Krogman, R. M. TI ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS AFFLICTING TAILWATER STREAM REACHES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE tailwater; stressors; degradation; habitat; fish ID MODIFYING DAM OPERATIONS; WATER; RESERVOIR; FISH; CONSEQUENCES; DOWNSTREAM; MITIGATION; REGIMES AB The tailwater is the reach of a stream immediately below an impoundment that is hydrologically, physicochemically and biologically altered by the presence and operation of a dam. The overall goal of this study was to gain a nationwide awareness of the issues afflicting tailwater reaches in the United States. Specific objectives included the following: (i) estimate the percentage of reservoirs that support tailwater reaches with environmental conditions suitable for fish assemblages throughout the year, (ii) identify and quantify major sources of environmental stress in those tailwaters that do support fish assemblages and (iii) identify environmental features of tailwater reaches that determine prevalence of key fish taxa. Data were collected through an online survey of fishery managers. Relative to objective 1, 42% of the 1306 reservoirs included in this study had tailwater reaches with sufficient flow to support a fish assemblage throughout the year. The surface area of the reservoir and catchment most strongly delineated reservoirs maintaining tailwater reaches with or without sufficient flow to support a fish assemblage throughout the year. Relative to objective 2, major sources of environmental stress generally reflected flow variables, followed by water quality variables. Relative to objective 3, zoogeography was the primary factor discriminating fish taxa in tailwaters, followed by a wide range of flow and water quality variables. Results for objectives 1-3 varied greatly among nine geographic regions distributed throughout the continental United States. Our results provide a large-scale view of the effects of reservoirs on tailwater reaches and may help guide research and management needs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krogman, R. M.] Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU U.S Fish and Wildlife Service through Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service through the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership. We thank J. Boxrucker of the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership for helpful assistance at various stages of this research, as well as the many fishery managers nationwide who provided data for this study. P. Bettoli and J. Boxrucker provided helpful reviews. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1184 EP 1194 DI 10.1002/rra.2705 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AS0SO UT WOS:000343989000010 ER PT J AU Shryock, DF Esque, TC Hughes, L AF Shryock, Daniel F. Esque, Todd C. Hughes, Lee TI POPULATION VIABILITY OF PEDIOCACTUS BRADYI (CACTACEAE) IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cactaceae; climate change; demographic model; desert species; drought; elasticity; life table response experiments; matrix model; rare species; stochastic population growth rate ID SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; YUCCA-BREVIFOLIA; CENTRAL MEXICO; MATRIX MODELS; RANGE SHIFTS; EL-NINO; DESERT; TEHUACAN AB Premise of the study: A key question concerns the vulnerability of desert species adapted to harsh, variable climates to future climate change. Evaluating this requires coupling long-term demographic models with information on past and projected future climates. We investigated climatic drivers of population growth using a 22-yr demographic model for Pediocactus bradyi, an endangered cactus in northern Arizona. Methods: We used a matrix model to calculate stochastic population growth rates (lambda(s))and the relative influences of life-cycle transitions on population growth. Regression models linked population growth with climatic variability, while stochastic simulations were used to (1) understand how predicted increases in drought frequency and extreme precipitation would affect lambda(s), and (2) quantify variability in lambda(s) based on temporal replication of data. Key results: Overall lambda(s) was below unity (0.961). Population growth was equally influenced by fecundity and survival and significantly correlated with increased annual precipitation and higher winter temperatures. Stochastic simulations increasing the probability of drought and extreme precipitation reduced lambda(s), but less than simulations increasing the probability of drought alone. Simulations varying the temporal replication of data suggested 14 yr were required for accurate lambda(s) estimates. Conclusions: Pediocactus bradyi may be vulnerable to increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, particularly drought. Biotic interactions resulting in low survival during drought years outweighed increased seedling establishment following heavy precipitation. Climatic extremes beyond historical ranges of variability may threaten rare desert species with low population growth rates and therefore high susceptibility to stochastic events. C1 [Shryock, Daniel F.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. [Hughes, Lee] US Bur Land Management, AZ Strip Field Off, St George, UT 84790 USA. RP Shryock, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. EM dshryock@usgs.gov OI Shryock, Daniel/0000-0003-0330-9815 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [NIHBI012456]; NIAID NIH HHS [NIHBI045675] NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 101 IS 11 BP 1944 EP 1953 DI 10.3732/ajb.1400035 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AS1CC UT WOS:000344013400011 PM 25366859 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Bourque, JR Frometa, J AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Bourque, Jill R. Frometa, Janessy TI Biodiversity and community composition of sediment macrofauna associated with deep-sea Lophelia pertusa habitats in the Gulf of Mexico SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Lophelia pertusa; Sediment macrofauna; Beta diversity; Cold-water corals; Community ecology; Gulf of Mexico ID LOWER CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; WATER CORAL COMMUNITY; HORIZON OIL-SPILL; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; VIOSCA KNOLL; OYSTER REEFS; NE ATLANTIC; SHELF; FAUNA; HETEROGENEITY AB Scleractinian corals create three-dimensional reefs that provide sheltered refuges, facilitate sediment accumulation, and enhance colonization of encrusting fauna. While heterogeneous coral habitats can harbor high levels of biodiversity, their effect on the community composition within nearby sediments remains unclear, particularly in the deep sea. Sediment macrofauna from deep-sea coral habitats (Lophelia pertusa) and non-coral, background sediments were examined at three sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico (VK826, VK906, MC751, 350-500 m depth) to determine whether macrofaunal abundance, diversity, and community composition near corals differed from background soft-sediments. Macrofaunal densities ranged from 26 to 125 individuals 32 cm(-2) and were significantly greater near coral versus background sediments only at VK826. Of the 86 benthic invertebrate taxa identified, 16 were exclusive to near-coral habitats, while 14 were found only in background sediments. Diversity (Fisher's a) and evenness were significantly higher within near-coral sediments only at MC751 while taxon richness was similar among all habitats. Community composition was significantly different both between near-coral and background sediments and among the three primary sites. Polychaetes numerically dominated all samples, accounting for up to 70% of the total individuals near coral, whereas peracarid crustaceans were proportionally more abundant in background sediments (18%) than in those near coral (10%). The reef effect differed among sites, with community patterns potentially influenced by the size of reef habitat. Taxon turnover occurred with distance from the reef, suggesting that reef extent may represent an important factor in structuring sediment communities near L pertusa. Polychaete communities in both habitats differed from other Gulf of Mexico (GOM) soft sediments based on data from previous studies, and we hypothesize that local environmental conditions found near L pertusa may influence the macrofaunal community structure beyond the edges of the reef. This study represents the first assessment of L pertusa-associated sediment communities in the GOM and provides baseline data that can help define the role of transition zones, from deep reefs to soft sediments, in shaping macrofaunal community structure and maintaining biodiversity; this information can help guide future conservation and management activities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Bourque, Jill R.; Frometa, Janessy] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ademopoulos@usgs.gov OI Frometa, Janessy/0000-0001-6487-5429 FU USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program through the Outer Continental shelf study Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs, and Wrecks FX Thank you to C. Charles (USGS), the Bureau of Ocean Energy and Management (BOEM), including G. Boland, the crews of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown, ROV JASON group (WHOI), JSL Seward Johnson (HBOI), S.W. Ross, E. Cordes, C. Fisher, T. Shank, and collaborations with the BOEM contracted scientists from TDI Brooks. Additionally, special thanks go out to K. Kovacs, J. McClain-Counts, A. Quattrini, J. Lunden, C. Kellogg, C. Morrison, and G. Brewer for assistance at sea and thoughtful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. Many thanks go to the anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided to A. Demopoulos from the USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program through the Outer Continental shelf study Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs, and Wrecks. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 93 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.014 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR8WX UT WOS:000343853200009 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Russell, RE AF Franson, J. Christian Russell, Robin E. TI Lead and eagles: demographic and pathological characteristics of poisoning, and exposure levels associated with other causes of mortality SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bald eagle; Golden eagle; Lead exposure; Lead poisoning; Mortality; Pathology ID WHITE-TAILED EAGLES; BALD EAGLES; GOLDEN EAGLES; AQUILA-CHRYSAETOS; SPENT AMMUNITION; SHOT INGESTION; NECROPSY DATA; WILD BIRDS; RESIDUES; ORGANOCHLORINE AB We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate demographic and pathologic characteristics in 484 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and 68 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) diagnosed with lead poisoning at the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center. As part of our analysis, we compared characteristics of lead poisoned eagles with those that died of other causes. Odds of lead poisoning were greater for bald eagles versus golden eagles, females versus males, adults versus juveniles, and eagles from the Mississippi and Central flyways versus the Atlantic and Pacific flyways. In addition to spatial, species, and demographic associations, we detected a distinct temporal trend in the collection date of lead poisoned bald eagle carcasses. These carcasses were found at greater frequency in late autumn and winter than spring and summer. Lesions in lead poisoned birds included emaciation, evidence of bile stasis, myocardial degeneration and necrosis, and renal tubular nephrosis and necrosis. Ingested lead ammunition or fragments were found in 14.2 % of bald eagles and 11.8 % of golden eagles. The overall mean liver lead concentration (wet weight basis) for eagles diagnosed with lead poisoning was 28.9 +/- A 0.69 SE mg/kg in bald eagles and 19.4 +/- A 1.84 SE mg/kg in golden eagles. In eagles diagnosed with collision trauma, electrocution, poisoning (other than lead), emaciation, infectious disease, trapping death, other, and undetermined causes, average liver lead concentrations were low (< 1 mg/kg) and did not differ among causes of mortality. Thus, based on our data, we found no evidence that lead exposure of eagles predisposed them to other causes of mortality. C1 [Franson, J. Christian; Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jfranson@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1722 EP 1731 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1337-0 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AR9FG UT WOS:000343877400013 PM 25173769 ER PT J AU Mooij, WM Brederveld, RJ de Klein, JJM DeAngelis, DL Downing, AS Faber, M Gerla, DJ Hipsey, MR 't Hoen, J Janse, JH Janssen, ABG Jeuken, M Kooi, BW Lischke, B Petzoldt, T Postma, L Schep, SA Scholten, H Teurlincx, S Thiange, C Trolle, D van Dam, AA van Gerven, LPA van Nes, EH Kuiper, JJ AF Mooij, Wolf M. Brederveld, Robert J. de Klein, Jeroen J. M. DeAngelis, Don L. Downing, Andrea S. Faber, Michiel Gerla, Daan J. Hipsey, Matthew R. 't Hoen, Jochem Janse, Jan H. Janssen, Annette B. G. Jeuken, Michel Kooi, Bob W. Lischke, Betty Petzoldt, Thomas Postma, Leo Schep, Sebastiaan A. Scholten, Huub Teurlincx, Sven Thiange, Christophe Trolle, Dennis van Dam, Anne A. van Gerven, Luuk P. A. van Nes, Egbert H. Kuiper, Jan J. TI Serving many at once: How a database approach can create unity in dynamical ecosystem modelling SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Modelling framework; Programming language; Differential equation; Community-based modelling; Database approach to modelling; DATM ID SHALLOW LAKES; SIMULATION; EUTROPHICATION; MANAGEMENT; PACKAGE; PCLAKE AB Simulation modelling in ecology is a field that is becoming increasingly compartmentalized. Here we propose a Database Approach To Modelling (DATM) to create unity in dynamical ecosystem modelling with differential equations. In this approach the storage of ecological knowledge is independent of the language and platform in which the model will be run. To create an instance of the model, the information in the database is translated and augmented with the language and platform specifics. This process is automated so that a new instance can be created each time the database is updated. We describe the approach using the simple Lotka-Volterra model and the complex ecosystem model for shallow lakes PCLake, which we automatically implement in the frameworks OSIRIS, GRIND for MATLAB, ACSL, R, DUFLOW and DELWAQ. A clear advantage of working in a database is the overview it provides. The simplicity of the approach only adds to its elegance. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). C1 [Mooij, Wolf M.; Janssen, Annette B. G.; Teurlincx, Sven; van Gerven, Luuk P. A.; Kuiper, Jan J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Mooij, Wolf M.; de Klein, Jeroen J. M.; 't Hoen, Jochem; Janssen, Annette B. G.; van Gerven, Luuk P. A.; van Nes, Egbert H.; Kuiper, Jan J.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Brederveld, Robert J.; Faber, Michiel; Schep, Sebastiaan A.] Witteveen Bos, NL-7400 AV Deventer, Netherlands. [DeAngelis, Don L.] Univ Miami, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Don L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Downing, Andrea S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gerla, Daan J.] Inst Marine Resource & Ecosyst Studies IMARES, Dept Ecosyst, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. [Hipsey, Matthew R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Janse, Jan H.; Postma, Leo; Thiange, Christophe] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, PBL, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Jeuken, Michel] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Kooi, Bob W.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Theoret Biol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lischke, Betty] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Modelling, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Petzoldt, Thomas] Tech Univ Dresden, Fac Environm Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Scholten, Huub] Wageningen Univ, Dept Social Sci, Informat Technol Grp, NL-6700 EW Wageningen, Netherlands. [Trolle, Dennis] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [van Dam, Anne A.] UNESCO IHE, Inst Water Educ, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Gerla, Daan J.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NIOZ, Dept Ecosyst Studies, NL-4400 AC Yerseke, Netherlands. RP Mooij, WM (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol, NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, POB 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM w.mooij@nioo.knaw.nl RI Library, Library/A-4320-2012; van Nes, Egbert/F-2681-2011; Kooi, Bob/B-6343-2012; Petzoldt, Thomas/C-6198-2009; Hipsey, Matthew/C-3551-2009; Trolle, Dennis/B-5465-2008; Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Teurlincx, Sven/B-8490-2016; van Dam, Anne A./M-4251-2013; OI Library, Library/0000-0002-3835-159X; van Nes, Egbert/0000-0002-6345-104X; Petzoldt, Thomas/0000-0002-4951-6468; Hipsey, Matthew/0000-0001-8386-4354; Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; Teurlincx, Sven/0000-0001-6740-6521; van Dam, Anne A./0000-0002-5073-7241; Kuiper, Jan J./0000-0002-6655-9355; Kooi, B.W./0000-0003-3477-9924 FU Netherlands Foundation for Applied Water Research (STOWA) [443237]; China-Netherlands Joint Scientific Thematic Research Programme (JSTP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [842.00.009]; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL); Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) FX The development of DATM for PCLake and PCDitch was financed by the Netherlands Foundation for Applied Water Research (STOWA) project no. 443237, the China-Netherlands Joint Scientific Thematic Research Programme (JSTP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) project no. 842.00.009, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) and the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW). This is manuscript 5609 of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 61 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.04.004 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR8WP UT WOS:000343852500021 ER PT J AU Marshall, FE Wingard, GL Pitts, PA AF Marshall, Frank E. Wingard, G. Lynn Pitts, Patrick A. TI Estimates of Natural Salinity and Hydrology in a Subtropical Estuarine Ecosystem: Implications for Greater Everglades Restoration SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuarine restoration; Subtropical estuary; Hydrology and salinity connectivity; Paleoecology; Statistical modeling; Florida Bay ID FLORIDA BAY; NATIONAL-PARK; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; SOUTH FLORIDA; RECONSTRUCTION; MODELS; SLOUGH AB Disruption of the natural patterns of freshwater flow into estuarine ecosystems occurred in many locations around the world beginning in the twentieth century. To effectively restore these systems, establishing a pre-alteration perspective allows managers to develop science-based restoration targets for salinity and hydrology. This paper describes a process to develop targets based on natural hydrologic functions by coupling paleoecology and regression models using the subtropical Greater Everglades Ecosystem as an example. Paleoecological investigations characterize the circa 1900 CE (pre-alteration) salinity regime in Florida Bay based on molluscan remains in sediment cores. These paleosalinity estimates are converted into time series estimates of paleo-based salinity, stage, and flow using numeric and statistical models. Model outputs are weighted using the mean square error statistic and then combined. Results indicate that, in the absence of water management, salinity in Florida Bay would be about 3 to 9 salinity units lower than current conditions. To achieve this target, upstream freshwater levels must be about 0.25 m higher than indicated by recent observed data, with increased flow inputs to Florida Bay between 2.1 and 3.7 times existing flows. This flow deficit is comparable to the average volume of water currently being diverted from the Everglades ecosystem by water management. The products (paleo-based Florida Bay salinity and upstream hydrology) provide estimates of pre-alteration hydrology and salinity that represent target restoration conditions. This method can be applied to any estuarine ecosystem with available paleoecologic data and empirical and/or model-based hydrologic data. C1 [Marshall, Frank E.] Cetacean Log Fdn Inc, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169 USA. [Wingard, G. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Pitts, Patrick A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL USA. RP Marshall, FE (reprint author), Cetacean Log Fdn Inc, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169 USA. EM clfinc@earthlink.net; lwingard@usgs.gov; patrick_pitts@fws.gov FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEPES); National Park Service (Everglades National Park) through Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (CESI); US Army Corps of Engineers RECOVER Branch FX This project was funded by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEPES) effort, G. Ronnie Best, Coordinator; the National Park Service (Everglades National Park) through the Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (CESI); and the US Army Corps of Engineers RECOVER Branch with direction from DeWitt Smith (NPS), Cheryl Buckingham (USACE) and Sue Kemp (USACE). The paleoecological portion of this work was conducted as part of National Park Service (NPS) Study number EVER-00141. Everglades National Park also provided access to and assistance with the hydrologic and salinity station data. We would like to thank Christopher Bernhardt (USGS), Thomas Cronin (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which have improved this report. Bethany Stackhouse (USGS) created the study area maps (Figs. 1 and 3). Numerous people have assisted in the collection, processing and analyses of the USGS cores and in the development of the modern analog salinity dataset including Robert Halley (retired USGS), Charles W. Holmes (retired USGS), Joel Hudley (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), James Murray (USGS), Bethany Stackhouse (USGS), Jeffery Stone (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), and Carleigh Trappe (former USGS contractor). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1466 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6WY UT WOS:000343722700011 ER PT J AU Cullinane-Anthony, BL Seefelt, NE Corace, RG Kashian, DM Gehring, TM AF Cullinane-Anthony, Bridget L. Seefelt, Nancy E. Corace, R. Gregory, III Kashian, Daniel M. Gehring, Thomas M. TI Influence of residual forest patches on post-fire bird diversity patterns in jack pine-dominated ecosystems of northern Lower Michigan SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Jack pine; Northern Lower Michigan; Biological legacies; Fire; Stringer; Kirtland's warbler ID KIRTLANDS WARBLER; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; SUCCESSION; REFUGES; HISTORY; FIRE AB Stand-replacing fires are part of the natural disturbance regime that maintain jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests of northern Lower Michigan. Currently, the occurrence and extent of wildfire is much reduced relative to the past and young jack pine plantations specifically managed for Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii Baird) are a prominent feature on the landscape. Stringers, or patches of residual prefire forest, are a unique feature left behind after wildfires which are not often accounted for in plantation management. In this study, we examined the ecological value of stringers from an avian biodiversity perspective by comparing bird assemblages found within stringers to those in the surrounding forest (non-stringers). Our objective was to answer two research questions: (I) do stringers have unique bird communities relative to the surrounding vegetation (forest or plantation)?; and (2) how much of the variation in bird communities can be explained by differences in vegetation structure and composition between stringers and non-stringers? We conducted breeding and non-breeding season point counts and used abundance data to compare bird species found within stringers and non-stringers at seven sites grouped by time since disturbance. Species richness was significantly higher (P = 0.01) in the stringers when the non-stringers were 30-40 years old, with 32 species discovered in the stringers and 29 species in the non-stringers. During the breeding season, bird assemblages differed between stringers and non-stringers when the non-stringers were <12 years old (multi-response permutation procedures; T = -10.11, A = 0.07, P = <0.00), but no differences were observed when non-stringers were 30-40 years old or >40 years old. Non-breeding bird communities differed between stringers and non-stringers only when the non-stringer was a recently planted (<5 years old) plantation (T = -2.15, A = 0.09, P = 0.02). Differences in bird assemblages appear to be driven by the vegetation structure of stringers and non-stringers where fires were recent, but increasing similarity in vegetation structure occurs with time since fire; over time the importance of stringers for avian biodiversity is reduced. Our results suggest that stringers are important for bird communities, especially in recently disturbed areas, and that these biological legacies should be considered where jack pine management attempts to emulate natural patterns and processes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cullinane-Anthony, Bridget L.; Seefelt, Nancy E.; Gehring, Thomas M.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Kashian, Daniel M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Cullinane-Anthony, BL (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM culli1bl@cmich.edu; seefe1ne@cmich.edu; Greg_Corace@fws.gov; dkash@wayne.edu; gehri1tm@cmich.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; Seney National Wildlife Refuge; Seney Natural History Association; Central Michigan University FX This study was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, the Seney Natural History Association, and Central Michigan University. We thank Patrick Farrell, Lorrin Ortman, Kristen Walters, Kirlene Roberts, and Riaan Anthony for assistance in the field and laboratory. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 331 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.003 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AR8SH UT WOS:000343844200012 ER PT J AU Saltzman, MR Edwards, CT Leslie, SA Dwyer, GS Bauer, JA Repetski, JE Harris, AG Bergstrom, SM AF Saltzman, Matthew R. Edwards, Cole T. Leslie, Stephen A. Dwyer, Gary S. Bauer, Jeffrey A. Repetski, John E. Harris, Anita G. Bergstroem, Stig M. TI Calibration of a conodont apatite-based Ordovician Sr-87/Sr-86 curve to biostratigraphy and geochronology: Implications for stratigraphic resolution SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; BIODIVERSIFICATION EVENT GOBE; LOWER-MIDDLE-ORDOVICIAN; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; SEAWATER SR-87/SR-86; SILURIAN IMPLICATIONS; EXCURSION MDICE; ND ISOTOPES; SR; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The Ordovician Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope sea-water curve is well established and shows a decreasing trend until the mid-Katian. However, uncertainties in calibration of this curve to biostratigraphy and geochronology have made it difficult to determine how the rates of Sr-87/Sr-86 decrease may have varied, which has implications for both the stratigraphic resolution possible using Sr isotope stratigraphy and efforts to model the effects of Ordovician geologic events. We measured Sr-87/Sr-86 in conodont apatite in North American Ordovician sections that are well studied for conodont biostratigraphy, primarily in Nevada, Oklahoma, the Appalachian region, and Ohio Valley. Our results indicate that conodont apatite may provide an accurate medium for Sr isotope stratigraphy and strengthen previous reports that point toward a significant increase in the rate of fall in seawater Sr-87/Sr-86 during the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Stage. Our Sr-87/Sr-86 results suggest that Sr isotope stratigraphy will be most useful as a high-resolution tool for global correlation in the mid-Darriwilian to mid-Sandbian, when the maximum rate of fall in Sr-87/Sr-86 is estimated at similar to 5.0-10.0 x 10(-5) per m.y. Variable preservation of conodont elements limits the precision for individual stratigraphic horizons. Replicate conodont analyses from the same sample differ by an average of similar to 4.0 x 10(-5) (the 2 sigma standard deviation is 6.2 x 10(-5)), which in the best case scenario allows for subdivision of Ordovician time intervals characterized by the highest rates of fall in Sr-87/Sr-86 at a maximum resolution of similar to 0.5-1.0 m.y. Links between the increased rate of fall in Sr-87/Sr-86 beginning in the mid-late Darriwilian (Phragmodus polonicus to Pygodus serra conodont zones) and geologic events continue to be investigated, but the coincidence with a long-term rise in sea level (Sauk-Tippecanoe megasequence boundary) and tectonic events (Taconic orogeny) in North America provides a plausible explanation for the changing magnitude and Sr-87/Sr-86 of the riverine Sr flux to the oceans. C1 [Saltzman, Matthew R.; Edwards, Cole T.; Bergstroem, Stig M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Leslie, Stephen A.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Dwyer, Gary S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bauer, Jeffrey A.] Shawnee State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Portsmouth, OH 45662 USA. [Repetski, John E.; Harris, Anita G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Saltzman, MR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM saltzman.11@osu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0745452, EAR-0746181] FX We thank Jeff Linder, Ken Foland, Amanda Howard, and Alexa Sedlacek for help in the Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory at Ohio State University and with sample preparation. Drew Coleman and Paul Fullagar are thanked for training in and access to the Geochronology and Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. We thank Nathaniel Warner and Jennifer Harkness for help in sample preparation at Duke University. Walt Sweet and Ray Ethington provided access to conodont collections. We thank Bryan Sell and Brad Cramer for general discussions of Sr isotope stratigraphy and age dating. Funding was provided in part by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0745452 to Saltzman and EAR-0746181 to Leslie. We thank GSA Bulletin Editor Christian Koeberl and Associate Editor Ken MacLeod and two anonymous reviewers for making this a stronger contribution. NR 125 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 25 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 11-12 BP 1551 EP 1568 DI 10.1130/B31038.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR7KY UT WOS:000343759600009 ER PT J AU DeLong, SB Johnson, JPL Whipple, KX AF DeLong, Stephen B. Johnson, Joel P. L. Whipple, Kelin X. TI Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULLY-EROSION; MIGRATION; SEDIMENT; KNICKPOINT; INITIATION; LANDSCAPE; SOUTHWEST; NETWORKS; GEOMETRY; RETREAT AB We study whether arroyo channel head retreat in dryland discontinuous ephemeral streams is driven by surface runoff, seepage erosion, mass wasting, or some combination of these hydrogeomorphic processes. We monitored precipitation, overland flow, soil moisture, and headcut migration over several seasonal cycles at two adjacent range-land channel heads in southern Arizona. Erosion occurred by headward retreat of vertical to overhanging faces, driven dominantly by surface runoff. No evidence exists for erosion caused by shallow-groundwater-related processes, even though similar theater-headed morphologies are sometimes attributed to seepage erosion by emerging groundwater. At our field site, vertical variation in soil shear strength influenced the persistence of the characteristic theater-head form. The dominant processes of erosion included removal of grains and soil aggregates during even very shallow (1-3 cm) overland flow events by runoff on vertical to overhanging channel headwalls, plunge-pool erosion during higher-discharge runoff events, immediate postrunoff wet mass wasting, and minor intra-event dry mass wasting on soil tension fractures developing subparallel to the head-wall. Multiple stepwise linear regression indicates that the migration rate is most strongly correlated with flow duration and total precipitation and is poorly correlated with peak flow depth or time-integrated flow depth. The studied channel heads migrated upslope with a self-similar morphologic form under a wide range of hydrological conditions, and the most powerful flash floods were not always responsible for the largest changes in landscape form in this environment. C1 [DeLong, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, Joel P. L.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Whipple, Kelin X.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Whipple, Kelin X.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP DeLong, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sdelong@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Joel/B-8842-2012; OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 FU State of Arizona; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowships; Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas FX This work was funded by research funding from the State of Arizona to K. Whipple and by U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowships to S. DeLong and J. Johnson. We thank the University of Arizona for access to the field site. DeLong thanks the University of Arizona Biosphere 2 for logistical and financial support through their gift from the Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth, Texas. Field assistance was provided by M. Rossi, C. Lin, K. and C. Johnson, W. Henderson, and D. Malmon. D. Post generously introduced us to the field site and provided invaluable historical context, and we appreciate his great enthusiasm, interest, and care for the field site. He also performed the textural analyses. Thanks go to N. Avdievitch for assistance with figures. We thank M. Nichols and K. Schmidt for very helpful reviews of an early version of this manuscript. We thank G. Tucker, F. Rengers, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful reviews. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 11-12 BP 1683 EP 1701 DI 10.1130/B31064.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR7KY UT WOS:000343759600016 ER PT J AU Crawford, JT Stanley, EH Spawn, SA Finlay, JC Loken, LC Striegl, RG AF Crawford, John T. Stanley, Emily H. Spawn, Seth A. Finlay, Jacques C. Loken, Luke C. Striegl, Robert G. TI Ebullitive methane emissions from oxygenated wetland streams SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; ebullition; methane; rivers; upscaling; wetlands ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORGANIC-MATTER; AMAZONIAN FLOODPLAIN; ALLEQUASH BASIN; INLAND WATERS; FRESH-WATER; LAKE; SEDIMENTS; FLUXES; GASES AB Stream and river carbon dioxide emissions are an important component of the global carbon cycle. Methane emissions from streams could also contribute to regional or global greenhouse gas cycling, but there are relatively few data regarding stream and river methane emissions. Furthermore, the available data do not typically include the ebullitive (bubble-mediated) pathway, instead focusing on emission of dissolved methane by diffusion or convection. Here, we show the importance of ebullitive methane emissions from small streams in the regional greenhouse gas balance of a lake and wetland-dominated landscape in temperate North America and identify the origin of the methane emitted from these well-oxygenated streams. Stream methane flux densities from this landscape tended to exceed those of nearby wetland diffusive fluxes as well as average global wetland ebullitive fluxes. Total stream ebullitive methane flux at the regional scale (103MgCyr(-1); over 6400km(2)) was of the same magnitude as diffusive methane flux previously documented at the same scale. Organic-rich stream sediments had the highest rates of bubble release and higher enrichment of methane in bubbles, but glacial sand sediments also exhibited high bubble emissions relative to other studied environments. Our results from a database of groundwater chemistry support the hypothesis that methane in bubbles is produced in anoxic near-stream sediment porewaters, and not in deeper, oxygenated groundwaters. Methane interacts with other key elemental cycles such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, which has implications for ecosystem changes such as drought and increased nutrient loading. Our results support the contention that streams, particularly those draining wetland landscapes of the northern hemisphere, are an important component of the global methane cycle. C1 [Crawford, John T.; Loken, Luke C.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Crawford, John T.; Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Spawn, Seth A.] St Olaf Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Finlay, Jacques C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jtcrawford@wisc.edu RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011; OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030; Loken, Luke/0000-0003-3194-1498; Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121; Spawn, Seth/0000-0001-8821-5345 FU National Science Foundation, NTL LTER [DEB-0822700]; U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program FX We thank Nick Gubbins and Brian Theisen for valuable assistance in the field and laboratory. Krista Hood and Brent Olson helped maintain field instrumentation and stream gages. We thank Kimberly Wickland and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement #DEB-0822700, NTL LTER. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 20 IS 11 BP 3408 EP 3422 DI 10.1111/gcb.12614 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR7MC UT WOS:000343762800011 PM 24756991 ER PT J AU Lamont, MM Fujisaki, I Carthy, RR AF Lamont, Margaret M. Fujisaki, I. Carthy, Raymond R. TI Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-TURTLES; CUMBERLAND-ISLAND; POPULATION-MODEL; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; REMIGRATION; PATTERNS; ATLANTIC; USA AB Because subpopulations can differ geographically, genetically and/or phenotypically, using data from one subpopulation to derive vital rates for another, while often unavoidable, is not optimal. We used a two-state open robust design model to analyze a 14-year dataset (1998-2011) from the St. Joseph Peninsula, Florida (USA; 29.748A degrees, -85.400A degrees) which is the densest loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting beach in the Northern Gulf of Mexico subpopulation. For these analyses, 433 individuals were marked of which only 7.2 % were observed re-nesting in the study area in subsequent years during the study period. Survival was estimated at 0.86 and is among the highest estimates for all subpopulations in the Northwest Atlantic population. The robust model estimated a nesting assemblage size that ranged from 32 to 230 individuals each year with an annual average of 110. The model estimates indicated an overall population decline of 17 %. The results presented here for this nesting group represent the first estimates for this subpopulation. These data provide managers with information specific to this subpopulation that can be used to develop recovery plans and conduct subpopulation-specific modeling exercises explicit to the challenges faced by turtles nesting in this region. C1 [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Fujisaki, I.] Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL USA. [Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Lamont, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mlamont@usgs.gov FU Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base FX The Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base provided funding for this project. We are especially grateful to B. Hagedorn, B. Miller and K. Gault from EAFB for their continued support. We acknowledge M. Schaefbauer, E. McMichael, R. Scarpino, B. Stephens and C. Hackett for overseeing field duties and the countless interns who have assisted in data collection. This work was conducted under the State of Florida Marine Turtle Permit #094 issued to R. Carthy. All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to the University of Florida's Institutional Animal Care Protocols (IACUC-A621). The authors declare that we have no conflicts of interest. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 161 IS 11 BP 2659 EP 2668 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2537-0 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR9TN UT WOS:000343919800017 ER PT J AU Rush, D Jaeschke, A Geenevasen, JAJ Tegelaar, E Pureveen, J Lewan, MD Schouten, S Damste, JSS AF Rush, Darci Jaeschke, Andrea Geenevasen, Jan A. J. Tegelaar, Erik Pureveen, Jos Lewan, Michael D. Schouten, Stefan Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe TI Generation of unusual branched long chain alkanes from hydrous pyrolysis of anammox bacterial biomass SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anammox; Hydrous pyrolysis; Ladderane; Branched long chain alkanes; NMR ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE; OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; ARTIFICIAL MATURATION; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LADDERANE LIPIDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENTS; MEMBRANE AB Anammox, the microbial anaerobic oxidation of NH4+ by NO2 to produce N-2, is recognised as a key process in the marine, freshwater and soil N cycles, and has been found to be a major sink for fixed inorganic N in the ocean. Ladderane lipids are unique anammox bacterial membrane lipids used as biomarkers for such bacteria in recent and past environmental settings. However, their fate during diagenesis and early catagenesis is not well constrained. In this study, hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on anammox bacterial biomass and the generated aliphatic hydrocarbons, present in oil generated at 220-365 degrees C, were analysed. A unique class of hydrocarbons was detected, and a representative component was isolated and rigorously identified using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It consisted of C-24 to C-31 branched long chain alkanes with two internal ethyl and/or propyl substituents. The alkanes were generated above 260 degrees C, with maximum generation at 320 and 335 degrees C. Their stable carbon isotopic values were depleted in C-13, similar to carbon isotope values of the original anammox lipids, indicating that they were thermal products generated from lipids of anammox bacterial biomass. A range of sediments from different geological periods where anammox may have been an important process was screened for the presence of these compounds as possible catagenetic products. They were not detected, either because the concentration was too low, or the sediments screened were too immature for them to have been generated, or because the artificially produced products of anammox lipids may not reflect the natural diagenetic and catagenetic products of ladderane lipids. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rush, Darci; Jaeschke, Andrea; Schouten, Stefan; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NIOZ Royal, Dept Marine Organ Biogeochem, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Geenevasen, Jan A. J.] Univ Amsterdam, vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NMR Dept, NL-1090 GS Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Tegelaar, Erik; Pureveen, Jos] Shell Global Solut Int, NL-2288 GS Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rush, D (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Drummond Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM darci.rush@ncl.ac.uk RI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/F-6128-2011; Jaeschke, Andrea/B-8799-2017 OI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854; FU Darwin Center for Biogeosciences [DW-2014-1006] FX We would like to thank W. Abma and Paques BV (Balk, The Netherlands) for providing the anammox cell material. We also kindly thank M. Baas, M. Kienhuis and J. Ossebaar for assistance with prep-GC, and R. van Bommel and M. Verweij for work with GC-CI-MS. Further thanks go to R. Dekker at Shell for assistance with 2D GC-MS software and D. Menzel for providing GC-MS data. We gratefully acknowledge G. D. Love, and an anonymous referee for comments, which assisted in improving the manuscript. The work was partially funded by the Darwin Center for Biogeosciences by a grant to J. S. S. D. (publication number DW-2014-1006). NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 76 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.08.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR8GM UT WOS:000343813800012 ER PT J AU Wahlisch, M Stooke, PJ Karachevtseva, IP Kirk, R Oberst, J Willner, K Nadejdina, IA Zubarev, AE Konopikhin, AA Shingareva, KB AF Waehlisch, M. Stooke, P. J. Karachevtseva, I. P. Kirk, R. Oberst, J. Willner, K. Nadejdina, I. A. Zubarev, A. E. Konopikhin, A. A. Shingareva, K. B. TI Phobos and Deimos cartography SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phobos; Deimos; Planetary mapping; Viking; Mars Express ID SURFACE-FEATURES; SMALL SATELLITES; OBJECTS; SHAPES; MODELS; ATLAS; MARS; MAP AB This paper presents an overview of developments in the cartography of the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos from the early satellite images to recent maps based on data from past and on-going Mars missions, especially Viking and Mars Express. We describe in detail the definition and use of special projections for these irregular-shaped bodies. New controlled Phobos mosaics and a topographic atlas in a scale of 1: 50,000 derived from images of the High Resolution Stereo Camera/Super Resolution Channel (HRSC/SRC) camera on Mars Express are presented. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Waehlisch, M.; Oberst, J.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Stooke, P. J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Karachevtseva, I. P.; Nadejdina, I. A.; Zubarev, A. E.; Konopikhin, A. A.; Shingareva, K. B.] Moscow State Univ Geodesy, Moscow 105064, Russia. [Karachevtseva, I. P.; Nadejdina, I. A.; Zubarev, A. E.; Konopikhin, A. A.] Cartog MIIGAiK, Moscow 105064, Russia. [Kirk, R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Oberst, J.; Willner, K.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat Sci, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Wahlisch, M (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Marita.Waehlisch@dlr.de FU Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [11.G34.31.0021]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-05-91323]; Mars Express team at German Aerospace Center (DLR) FX I. P. Karachevtseva, I. A. Nadejdina, A. E. Zubarev, A. A Konopikhin, K B. Shingareva, and J. Oberst have been supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement no. 11.G34.31.0021 dd.30/11/2010) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Contract no. 11-05-91323).; The author wishes to thank the team of the European Space Operations Center Darmstadt for their successful execution of the many Mars Express Phobos flyby maneuvers, without which this paper would not have been possible. The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Mars Express team at German Aerospace Center (DLR), especially the help of K-D. Matz. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 102 SI SI BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2013.05.012 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AR8QD UT WOS:000343838800008 ER PT J AU Krieger, L Peacock, JR AF Krieger, Lars Peacock, Jared R. TI MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Magnetotellurics; Data processing; Python toolbox; Software; Open source ID GALVANIC DISTORTION; RESPONSE FUNCTION; PHASE TENSOR; INVARIANTS; PARAMETERS; INVERSION AB We present the software package MTpy that allows handling, processing, and imaging of magnetotelluric (MT) data sets. Written in Python, the code is open source, containing sub-packages and modules for various tasks within the standard MT data processing and handling scheme. Besides the independent definition of classes and functions, MTpy provides wrappers and convenience scripts to call standard external data processing and modelling software. In its current state, modules and functions of MTpy work on raw and pre-processed MT data. However, opposite to providing a static compilation of software, we prefer to introduce MTpy as a flexible software toolbox, whose contents can be combined and utilised according to the respective needs of the user. Just as the overall functionality of a mechanical toolbox can be extended by adding new tools, MTpy is a flexible framework, which will be dynamically extended in the future. Furthermore, it can help to unify and extend existing codes and algorithms within the (academic) MT community. In this paper, we introduce the structure and concept of MTpy. Additionally, we show some examples from an everyday work-flow of MT data processing: the generation of standard EDI data files from raw electric (E-) and magnetic flux density (B-) field time series as input, the conversion into MiniSEED data format, as well as the generation of a graphical data representation in the form of a Phase Tensor pseudosection. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krieger, Lars] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Peacock, Jared R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Krieger, L (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, N Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM lars.krieger@adelaide.edu.au; jpeacock@usgs.gov RI Krieger, Lars/B-7732-2014 OI Krieger, Lars/0000-0002-1832-8245 FU South Australian Centre for Geothermal Energy Research (SACGER) at the University of Adelaide; Australia's Information and Communications Technology Research Centre of Excellence (NICTA); Australian Government; Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program FX The development of MTpy has been supported by the South Australian Centre for Geothermal Energy Research (SACGER) at the University of Adelaide and Australia's Information and Communications Technology Research Centre of Excellence (NICTA). NICTA is funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (now the Department of Communications) and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 72 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.07.013 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA AR5NQ UT WOS:000343631600014 ER PT J AU Carley, TL Miller, CF Wooden, JL Padilla, AJ Schmitt, AK Economos, RC Bindeman, IN Jordan, BT AF Carley, Tamara L. Miller, Calvin F. Wooden, Joseph L. Padilla, Abraham J. Schmitt, Axel K. Economos, Rita C. Bindeman, Ilya N. Jordan, Brennan T. TI Iceland is not a magmatic analog for the Hadean: Evidence from the zircon record SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Iceland; Hadean; zircon; felsic petrogenesis; trace elements; oxygen isotopes ID NUVVUAGITTUQ GREENSTONE-BELT; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; ALID VOLCANIC CENTER; JACK HILLS ZIRCONS; TI-IN-ZIRCON; TRACE-ELEMENT; DETRITAL ZIRCONS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ION MICROPROBE AB Tangible evidence of Earth's earliest (Hadean; >4.0 Ga) crust, and the processes and materials that contributed to its formation, exists almost entirely in a record of detrital zircon from Jack Hills, Western Australia, and a few other locations. Iceland, with its thick, juvenile, basaltic crust and relatively abundant silicic rocks, is considered a potential modern analog for the Hadean magmatic environment where >4 Ga zircon formed. We present the first extensive dataset for Icelandic zircon, with trace element and oxygen isotope compositions from samples that span the island's history and full range of tectonic settings. This statistically robust zircon-based comparison between Iceland and the early Earth reveals distinctions in chemistry that suggest fundamental differences in magmatic environments. Whereas the delta O-18 signature of Hadean zircons generally exceed that of zircons equilibrated with mantle-derived magma (85%>= 5.3700; median 6 parts per thousand), almost all Icelandic zircons are characterized by a "light" oxygen signature (98%<= 5.3 parts per thousand; median 3 parts per thousand). Deviations from "juvenile" oxygen values indicate that many Hadean zircons and almost all Icelandic zircons grew from magmas with substantial contributions from materials that had interacted with surface waters. In the Hadean case, the interaction occurred at low temperatures, while in Iceland, it was a high-temperature interaction. Icelandic and Hadean zircons are also distinct in their Ti concentrations (Icelandic median concentration 12 ppm, Hadean median 5 ppm). Titanium in zircon correlates positively with temperature of crystallization, and this difference in median Ti concentration suggests a temperature difference of at least 50 degrees C. Other differences in trace elements compositions are consistent with the interpretation that Icelandic and Hadean zircons grew in magmas with very different origins and histories (e.g., the heavy rare earth element Yb is almost an order of magnitude higher in Icelandic zircon). A comparison with elemental data for Phanerozoic zircon from different environments demonstrates that the Hadean population is unusually depleted in Ti, but otherwise similar to zircons from continental arc settings. Zircons from Iceland, and from modern evolving rift environments where oceanic lithosphere and upwelling asthenosphere are replacing continental lithosphere, are compositionally intermediate between mid-ocean ridge and continental arc zircon populations. The elemental distinctions are consistent with fractionation of zircon-bearing magmas under hotter and drier conditions in Icelandic, mid-ocean ridge, and evolving rift environments and cooler and wetter conditions in arc and, especially, Hadean environments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carley, Tamara L.; Miller, Calvin F.; Padilla, Abraham J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, SHRIMP Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schmitt, Axel K.; Economos, Rita C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, WM Keck Fdn Ctr Isotope Geochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bindeman, Ilya N.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Jordan, Brennan T.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Earth Sci, Akeley Lawrence Sci Ctr, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. RP Carley, TL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, PMB 351805,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM carleyt@lafayette.edu; Calvin.miller@vanderbilt.edu; jwooden@stanford.edu; Abraham.d.padilla@vanderbilt.edu; axel@oro.ess.ucla.edu; economos@ucla.edu; bindeman@uoregon.edu; Brennan.jordan@usd.edu RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; OI Schmitt, Axel/0000-0002-9029-4211 FU NSF [DGE-0909667, EAR 1220523, EAR-CAREER 0844772]; NSF Division of Earth Sciences Instrumentation and Facilities Program; National Geographic Society [9030-12]; Keck Geology Consortium FX We greatly appreciate Olgeir Sigmarsson, Er la Vogler, Fridi GrImsson and Tenley Banik for their guidance and support in the field. We thank Matthew Coble, Brad Ito and Aaron Covey for their analytical assistance. This work was made possible by generous funding from NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-0909667, NSF Research Grants EAR 1220523 and EAR-CAREER 0844772, NSF Division of Earth Sciences Instrumentation and Facilities Program, National Geographic Society Grant 9030-12, and the Keck Geology Consortium. We thank editor T. Mark Harrison for his guidance and input, as well as Aaron Cavosie and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable feedback during the review process. NR 97 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 405 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.015 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5LF UT WOS:000343625500008 ER PT J AU Naftz, DL Carling, GT Angeroth, C Freeman, M Rowland, R Pazmino, E AF Naftz, David L. Carling, Gregory T. Angeroth, Cory Freeman, Michael Rowland, Ryan Pazmino, Eddy TI Density-Stratified Flow Events in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Implications for Mercury and Salinity Cycling SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Terminal lakes; Mercury cycling; Hydroacoustics; Limnology; Salinity; Western USA ID SEA AB Density stratification in saline and hypersaline water bodies from throughout the world can have large impacts on the internal cycling and loading of salinity, nutrients, and trace elements. High temporal resolution hydroacoustic and physical/chemical data were collected at two sites in Great Salt Lake (GSL), a saline lake in the western USA, to understand how density stratification may influence salinity and mercury (Hg) distributions. The first study site was in a causeway breach where saline water from GSL exchanges with less saline water from a flow restricted bay. Near-surface-specific conductance values measured in water at the breach displayed a good relationship with both flow and wind direction. No diurnal variations in the concentration of dissolved (<0.45 mu m) methylmercury (MeHg) were observed during the 24-h sampling period; however, the highest proportion of particulate Hg-total and MeHg loadings was observed during periods of elevated salinity. The second study site was located on the bottom of GSL where movement of a high-salinity water layer, referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), is restricted to a naturally occurring 1.5-km-wide "spillway'' structure. During selected time periods in April/May, 2012, wind-induced flow reversals in a railroad causeway breach, separating Gunnison and Gilbert Bays, were coupled with high-velocity flow pulses (up to 55 cm/s) in the DBL at the spillway site. These flow pulses were likely driven by a pressure response of highly saline water from Gunnison Bay flowing into the north basin of Gilbert Bay. Short-term flow reversal events measured at the railroad causeway breach have the ability to move measurable amounts of salt and Hg from Gunnison Bay into the DBL. Future disturbance to the steady state conditions currently imposed by the railroad causeway infrastructure could result in changes to the existing chemical balance between Gunnison and Gilbert Bays. Monitoring instruments were installed at six additional sites in the DBL during October 2012 to assess impacts from any future modifications to the railroad causeway. C1 [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Carling, Gregory T.; Pazmino, Eddy] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Angeroth, Cory; Freeman, Michael; Rowland, Ryan] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov OI Pazmino, Eddy/0000-0001-8872-4860 FU Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands; USGS; National Science Foundation [DGE08-41233] FX This paper is dedicated to Dr. Blair Jones who passed away in March 2014. Blair was affectionately known as the "Brine Monster" to many of his colleagues and was most recognized for his seminal work on the geochemistry of Great Salt Lake during his 50+ year career with the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of brand names in this article is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS, Brigham Young University, or the University of Utah. Funding for this study was provided by the Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, and the USGS. In addition, Greg Carling was funded by National Science Foundation GK-12 Grant Number DGE08-41233. Kimberly Beisner and Patrick Lambert with the U.S. Geological Survey, and two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful suggestions and comments. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 547 EP 571 DI 10.1007/s10498-014-9237-8 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ9BK UT WOS:000343135500001 ER PT J AU Sinsabaugh, RL Belnap, J Findlay, SG Shah, JJF Hill, BH Kuehn, KA Kuske, CR Litvak, ME Martinez, NG Moorhead, DL Warnock, DD AF Sinsabaugh, Robert L. Belnap, Jayne Findlay, Stuart G. Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad Hill, Brian H. Kuehn, Kevin A. Kuske, Cheryl R. Litvak, Marcy E. Martinez, Noelle G. Moorhead, Daryl L. Warnock, Daniel D. TI Extracellular enzyme kinetics scale with resource availability SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ecological stoichiometry; Extracellular enzymes; Enzyme kinetics; Microbial community; Microbial metabolism ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-MONOXIDE CONSUMPTION; METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY; RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; EXOPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; THEORETICAL-MODEL; TROPHIC GRADIENT; SIZE FRACTIONS AB Microbial community metabolism relies on external digestion, mediated by extracellular enzymes that break down complex organic matter into molecules small enough for cells to assimilate. We analyzed the kinetics of 40 extracellular enzymes that mediate the degradation and assimilation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus by diverse aquatic and terrestrial microbial communities (1160 cases). Regression analyses were conducted by habitat (aquatic and terrestrial), enzyme class (hydrolases and oxidoreductases) and assay methodology (low affinity and high affinity substrates) to relate potential reaction rates to substrate availability. Across enzyme classes and habitats, the scaling relationships between apparent V-max and apparent K-m followed similar power laws with exponents of 0.44 to 0.67. These exponents, called elasticities, were not statistically distinct from a central value of 0.50, which occurs when the K-m of an enzyme equals substrate concentration, a condition optimal for maintenance of steady state. We also conducted an ecosystem scale analysis of ten extracellular hydrolase activities in relation to soil and sediment organic carbon (2,000-5,000 cases/enzyme) that yielded elasticities near 1.0 (0.9 +/- A 0.2, n = 36). At the metabolomic scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions is the proportionality constant that connects the C:N:P stoichiometries of organic matter and ecoenzymatic activities. At the ecosystem scale, the elasticity of extracellular enzymatic reactions shows that organic matter ultimately limits effective enzyme binding sites. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which microbial communities maintain homeostasis is regulating extracellular enzyme expression to optimize the short-term responsiveness of substrate acquisition. The analyses also show that, like elemental stoichiometry, the fundamental attributes of enzymatic reactions can be extrapolated from biochemical to community and ecosystem scales. C1 [Sinsabaugh, Robert L.; Litvak, Marcy E.; Martinez, Noelle G.; Warnock, Daniel D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Findlay, Stuart G.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Kuehn, Kevin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Kuske, Cheryl R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Moorhead, Daryl L.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Sinsabaugh, RL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rlsinsab@unm.edu FU NSF Ecosystem Sciences program [DEB-0918718]; Sevilleta LTER Program; NSF [DEB-0315686, DBI-0420965, DBI-0521018]; Michigan Sea Grant College Program under NOAA [NA76RG0133]; DOE BER Science Focus Area grant; DOE BER [DE-SC0008088] FX RLS acknowledges support from the NSF Ecosystem Sciences program (DEB-0918718) and the Sevilleta LTER Program. KAK acknowledges support from NSF (DEB-0315686, DBI-0420965, DBI-0521018) and the Michigan Sea Grant College Program (NA76RG0133) under NOAA. CRK acknowledges support from a DOE BER Science Focus Area grant. MEL and RLS acknowledge support from DOE BER Grant number DE-SC0008088. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 94 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 22 U2 123 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2014 VL 121 IS 2 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-0030-y PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AQ9BL UT WOS:000343135800001 ER PT J AU Hansen, AG Beauchamp, DA AF Hansen, Adam G. Beauchamp, David A. TI Effects of prey abundance, distribution, visual contrast and morphology on selection by a pelagic piscivore SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pelagic; piscivore; predator-prey interactions; prey selection; visual detection ID SMELT SPIRINCHUS-THALEICHTHYS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; LAKE WASHINGTON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH COMMUNITY; LONGFIN SMELT; PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES; NEOMYSIS-MERCEDIS; FORAGING MODEL; DIET ANALYSIS AB 1. Most predators eat only a subset of possible prey. However, studies evaluating diet selection rarely measure prey availability in a manner that accounts for temporal-spatial overlap with predators, the sensory mechanisms employed to detect prey, and constraints on prey capture. 2. We evaluated the diet selection of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) feeding on a diverse planktivore assemblage in Lake Washington to test the hypothesis that the diet selection of piscivores would reflect random (opportunistic) as opposed to non-random (targeted) feeding, after accounting for predator-prey overlap, visual detection and capture constraints. 3. Diets of cutthroat trout were sampled in autumn 2005, when the abundance of transparent, age-0 longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) was low, and 2006, when the abundance of smelt was nearly seven times higher. Diet selection was evaluated separately using depth-integrated and depth-specific (accounted for predator-prey overlap) prey abundance. The abundance of different prey was then adjusted for differences in detectability and vulnerability to predation to see whether these factors could explain diet selection. 4. In 2005, cutthroat trout fed non-randomly by selecting against the smaller, transparent age-0 longfin smelt, but for the larger age-1 longfin smelt. After adjusting prey abundance for visual detection and capture, cutthroat trout fed randomly. In 2006, depth-integrated and depth-specific abundance explained the diets of cutthroat trout well, indicating random feeding. Feeding became non-random after adjusting for visual detection and capture. Cutthroat trout selected strongly for age-0 longfin smelt, but against similar sized threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and larger age-1 longfin smelt in 2006. Overlap with juvenile sockeye salmon (O. nerka) was minimal in both years, and sockeye salmon were rare in the diets of cutthroat trout. 5. The direction of the shift between random and non-random selection depended on the presence of a weak versus a strong year class of age-0 longfin smelt. These fish were easy to catch, but hard to see. When their density was low, poor detection could explain their rarity in the diet. When their density was high, poor detection was compensated by higher encounter rates with cutthroat trout, sufficient to elicit a targeted feeding response. The nature of the feeding selectivity of a predator can be highly dependent on fluctuations in the abundance and suitability of key prey. C1 [Hansen, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hansen, AG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aghans@uw.edu FU Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship - University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Gerald J. Paulik Memorial Fund - University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Fisheries Graduate Fund - University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Worthington Endowed Professorship - University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington Department of Ecology; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Institute FX We thank Tim Essington, Daniel Schindler and Aaron Wirsing for their helpful discussion and constructive comments that improved this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship and the Gerald J. Paulik Memorial Fund and Fisheries Graduate Fund to A. Hansen, and the Worthington Endowed Professorship to D. Beauchamp, all granted by the University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. Animal handling during the course of this study adhered to University of Washington IACUC protocol 3286-21. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Institute. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 2328 EP 2341 DI 10.1111/fwb.12436 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ8BP UT WOS:000343047000010 ER PT J AU Nolen, MS Magoulick, DD Distefano, RJ Imhoff, EM Wagner, BK AF Nolen, Matthew S. Magoulick, Daniel D. Distefano, Robert J. Imhoff, Emily M. Wagner, Brian K. TI Predicting probability of occurrence and factors affecting distribution and abundance of three Ozark endemic crayfish species at multiple spatial scales SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classification and regression trees; crayfish; endemic species; multiple scales; species distribution modelling ID SPRING RIVER DRAINAGE; WATER CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION; INVASIVE CRAYFISH; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; ORCONECTES-EUPUNCTUS; NATIVE CRAYFISHES; DWELLING CRAYFISH; MISSOURI AB 1. Crayfishes and other freshwater aquatic fauna are particularly at risk globally due to anthropogenic demand, manipulation and exploitation of freshwater resources and yet are often understudied. The Ozark faunal region of Missouri and Arkansas harbours a high level of aquatic biological diversity, especially in regard to endemic crayfishes. Three such endemics, Orconectes eupunctus, Orconectes marchandi and Cambarus hubbsi, are threatened by limited natural distribution and the invasions of Orconectes neglectus. 2. We examined how natural and anthropogenic abiotic factors influence these three species across multiple spatial scales. Local and landscape environmental variables were used as predictors in classification and regression tree models at stream segment and segmentshed scales to determine their relation to presence/absence and density of the three species. 3. Orconectes eupunctus presence was positively associated with stream size, current velocity and spring flow volume. Orconectes marchandi presence was predicted primarily by dolomite geology and water chemistry variables. Cambarus hubbsi was associated with larger stream size, with highest densities occurring in deep waters. Stream segment and segmentshed scale models were similar, but there were important differences based on species and response variables (presence/absence versus density). Stream segment scale models consistently performed better than or equal to segmentshed scale models. 4. Anthropogenic abiotic environmental variables were of minor importance in most models, with the exception of O. marchandi being negatively related to road density and human population density. Classification tree models predicting distribution performed well when compared to random assignment, but regression trees were generally poor in explaining variation in density. 5. We found that a range of environmental variables were important in predicting crayfish distribution and abundance at multiple spatial scales and their importance was species-, response variable- and scale dependent. We would encourage others to examine the influence of spatial scale on species distribution and abundance patterns. C1 [Nolen, Matthew S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Distefano, Robert J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO USA. [Imhoff, Emily M.] Thomas More Coll, Biol Field Stn, California, KY USA. [Wagner, Brian K.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu FU Missouri Department of Conservation FX Funding was provided by Missouri Department of Conservation. T. Pittman, D. Lynch and S. Longing provided helpful advice and suggestions. M. Evans-White, A. Brown, S. Brewer and J. Westhoff provided helpful comments on the manuscript. B. Garrison, A. Edmondson, J. Stroman, S. Amiot, K. Bradley, J. Brittain, B. Freeland-Riggert, L. Johnson, S. Kircher, H. Ladd, M. Moore, J. Murry, S. Olsen, D. Swedberg and M. Vincenti provided field assistance. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 2374 EP 2389 DI 10.1111/fwb.12442 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ8BP UT WOS:000343047000014 ER PT J AU Maftei, M Davis, SE Uher-Koch, BD Gesmundo, C Suydam, R Mallory, ML AF Maftei, Mark Davis, Shanti E. Uher-Koch, Brian D. Gesmundo, Callie Suydam, Robert Mallory, Mark L. TI Quantifying fall migration of Ross's gulls (Rhodostethia rosea) past Point Barrow, Alaska SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ross's gull; Rhodostethia rosea; Migration; Survey; Point Barrow; Alaska; Trans-Beringian AB The Ross's gull (Rhodostethia rosea) is a poorly known seabird of the circumpolar Arctic. The only place in the world where Ross's gulls are known to congregate is in the near-shore waters around Point Barrow, Alaska, where they undertake an annual passage in late fall. Ross's gulls seen at Point Barrow are presumed to originate from nesting colonies in Siberia, but neither their origin nor their destination has been confirmed. Current estimates of the global population of Ross's gulls are based largely on expert opinion, and the only reliable population estimate is derived from extrapolations from previous counts conducted at Point Barrow, but these data are now over 25 years old. In order to update and clarify the status of this species in Alaska, our study quantified the timing, number, and flight direction of Ross's gulls passing Point Barrow in 2011. We recorded up to two-thirds of the estimated global population of Ross's gulls (a parts per thousand yen27,000 individuals) over 39 days with numbers peaking on 16 October when we observed over 7,000 birds during a 3-h period. C1 [Maftei, Mark; Davis, Shanti E.] High Arctic Gull Res Grp, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada. [Uher-Koch, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gesmundo, Callie] High Arctic Gull Res Grp, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. [Suydam, Robert] North Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK USA. [Mallory, Mark L.] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, High Arctic Gull Res Grp, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. RP Maftei, M (reprint author), High Arctic Gull Res Grp, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada. EM mark.maftei@gmail.com RI Mallory, Mark/A-1952-2017 OI Mallory, Mark/0000-0003-2744-3437 FU North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management FX The authors wish to thank George Divoky for his invaluable insight into the design of this study. We are also grateful for the very generous logistical support provided by the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management, and we specifically wish to thank Taqulik Hepa and Craig George for their assistance. This study was made possible by a grant from the Canadian Wildlife Federation Endangered Species Program. We also thank Canada Goose Inc. for providing field supplies. Finally, we wish to thank Paul Flint and George Divoky for their thoughtful comments and suggestions in reviewing this manuscript. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1705 EP 1710 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1552-4 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ9DA UT WOS:000343141300013 ER PT J AU Ewing, R Hamidi, S Gallivan, F Nelson, AC Grace, JB AF Ewing, Reid Hamidi, Shima Gallivan, Frank Nelson, Arthur C. Grace, James B. TI Structural equation models of VMT growth in US urbanised areas SO URBAN STUDIES LA English DT Article DE compact development; road use pricing; transportation investments; vehicle miles travelled ID BUILT ENVIRONMENT; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR; DEMAND; ELASTICITIES; CONSUMPTION; DESIGN; IMPACT; FORM AB Vehicle miles travelled (VMT) is a primary performance indicator for land use and transportation, bringing with it both positive and negative externalities. This study updates and refines previous work on VMT in urbanised areas, using recent data, additional metrics and structural equation modelling (SEM). In a cross-sectional model for 2010, population, income and freeway capacity are positively related to VMT, while gasoline prices, development density and transit service levels are negatively related. Findings of the cross-sectional model are generally confirmed in a more tightly controlled longitudinal study of changes in VMT between 2000 and 2010, the first model of its kind. The cross-sectional and longitudinal models together, plus the transportation literature generally, give us a basis for generalising across studies to arrive at elasticity values of VMT with respect to different urban variables. C1 [Ewing, Reid; Hamidi, Shima; Nelson, Arthur C.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Gallivan, Frank] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept City & Metropolitan Planning, Coll Architecture & Planning, 220 AAC, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. EM ewing@arch.utah.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0042-0980 EI 1360-063X J9 URBAN STUD JI Urban Stud. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 51 IS 14 BP 3079 EP 3096 DI 10.1177/0042098013516521 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA AR0GL UT WOS:000343247700009 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL van Ormondt, M Erikson, LH Eshleman, J Hapke, C Ruggiero, P Adams, PN Foxgrover, AC AF Barnard, Patrick L. van Ormondt, Maarten Erikson, Li H. Eshleman, Jodi Hapke, Cheryl Ruggiero, Peter Adams, Peter N. Foxgrover, Amy C. TI Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy, active-margin coasts SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Storms; Inundation; Erosion; Cliff; Beach; Hazards ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WAVE CLIMATE; OCEAN; PROJECTIONS; TRANSPORT; EROSION; 21ST-CENTURY; BEACHES AB The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) applies a predominantly deterministic framework to make detailed predictions (meter scale) of storm-induced coastal flooding, erosion, and cliff failures over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers). CoSMoS was developed for hindcast studies, operational applications (i.e., nowcasts and multiday forecasts), and future climate scenarios (i.e., sea-level rise + storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm hazards information that may be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. The prototype system, developed for the California coast, uses the global WAVEWATCH III wave model, the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry-based global tide model, and atmospheric-forcing data from either the US National Weather Service (operational mode) or Global Climate Models (future climate mode), to determine regional wave and water-level boundary conditions. These physical processes are dynamically downscaled using a series of nested Delft3D-WAVE (SWAN) and Delft3D-FLOW (FLOW) models and linked at the coast to tightly spaced XBeach (eXtreme Beach) cross-shore profile models and a Bayesian probabilistic cliff failure model. Hindcast testing demonstrates that, despite uncertainties in preexisting beach morphology over the similar to 500 km alongshore extent of the pilot study area, CoSMoS effectively identifies discrete sections of the coast (100s of meters) that are vulnerable to coastal hazards under a range of current and future oceanographic forcing conditions, and is therefore an effective tool for operational and future climate scenario planning. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Erikson, Li H.; Foxgrover, Amy C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [van Ormondt, Maarten] Deltares Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Eshleman, Jodi] Natl Pk Serv, Geol Resources Div, Nat Resource Program Ctr, Lakewood, CO USA. [Hapke, Cheryl] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Adams, Peter N.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov RI Adams, Peter/I-5315-2016; OI Adams, Peter/0000-0002-3158-3259; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU US Geological Survey; Deltares; NOAA; National Park Service; California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways; US Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors wish to thank the US Geological Survey, Deltares, NOAA, and the National Park Service for funding this research. Early peer reviews of CoSMoS were provided by Jim Bailard, Rebecca Beavers, Carolynn Box, Kate Dallas, Lesley Ewing, Doug George, Bob Guza, Dan Hanes, Jeff Hansen, Dan Hoover, Jeff List, Bill O'Reilly, Dano Roelvink, Julie Thomas, and Dirk-Jan Walstra. PNA thanks Jessica Lovering for assistance with LST gradient calculations. Torrey Pines beach survey data and concurrent nearshore wave predictions were provided by Scripps Institution of Oceanography and were funded by the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. The most up-to-date information on CoSMoS, including study areas, methods, model results, and publications, can be found at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/index.html. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2014 VL 74 IS 2 BP 1095 EP 1125 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1236-y PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AQ6HD UT WOS:000342910400042 ER PT J AU Youn, SJ Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Cowx, IG Beard, TD Bartley, D Wu, F AF Youn, So-Jung Taylor, William W. Lynch, Abigail J. Cowx, Ian G. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Bartley, Devin Wu, Felicia TI Inland capture fishery contributions to global food security and threats to their future SO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Food; Nutrition; Freshwater fish; Micronutrients; Inland capture fisheries AB Inland fish and fisheries play important roles in ensuring global food security. They provide a crucial source of animal protein and essential micronutrients for local communities, especially in the developing world. Data concerning fisheries production and consumption of freshwater fish are generally inadequately assessed, often leading decision makers to undervalue their importance. Modification of inland waterways for alternative uses of freshwater (particularly dams for hydropower and water diversions for human use) negatively impacts the productivity of inland fisheries for food security at local and regional levels. This paper highlights the importance of inland fisheries to global food security. the challenges they face due to competing demands for freshwater, and possible solutions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Youn, So-Jung; Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, Yorks, England. [Bartley, Devin] Food & Agr Org United Nation, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Rome, Italy. [Wu, Felicia] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Taylor, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM taylorw@msu.edu OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 NR 99 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-9124 J9 GLOB FOOD SECUR-AGR JI Glob. Food Secur.-Agric.Policy PD NOV PY 2014 VL 3 IS 3-4 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.gfs.2014.09.005 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V42EG UT WOS:000209596500004 ER PT J AU Drenth, BJ AF Drenth, Benjamin J. TI Geophysical expression of a buried niobium and rare earth element deposit: The Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA SO INTERPRETATION-A JOURNAL OF SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY AB The lower Paleozoic Elk Creek carbonatite is a 6-8-km-diameter intrusive complex buried under 200 m of sedimentary rocks in southeastern Nebraska. It hosts the largest known niobium deposit in the U.S. and a rare earth element (REE) deposit. The carbonatite is composed of several lithologies, the relations of which are poorly understood. Niobium mineralization is most enriched within a magnetite beforsite (MB) unit, and REE oxides are most concentrated in a barite beforsite unit. The carbonatite intrudes Proterozoic country rocks. Efforts to explore the carbonatite have used geophysical data and drilling. A high-resolution airborne gravity gradient and magnetic survey was flown over the carbonatite in 2012. The carbonatite is associated with a roughly annular vertical gravity gradient high and a subdued central low and a central magnetic high surrounded by magnetic field values lower than those over the country rocks. Geophysical, borehole, and physical property data are combined for an interpretation of these signatures. The carbonatite is denser than the country rocks, explaining the gravity gradient high. Most carbonatite lithologies have weaker magnetic susceptibilities than those of the country rocks, explaining why the carbonatite does not produce a magnetic high at its margin. The primary source of the central magnetic high is interpreted to be mafic rocks that are strongly magnetized and are present in large volumes. MB is very dense (mean density 3200 kg/m(3)) and strongly magnetized (median 0.073 magnetic susceptibility), producing a gravity gradient high and contributing to the aeromagnetic high. Barite beforsite has physical properties similar to most of the carbonatite volume, making it a poor geophysical target. Geophysical anomalies indicate the presence of dense and strongly magnetized rocks at depths below existing boreholes, either a large volume of MB or another unknown lithology. C1 US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Drenth, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bdrenth@usgs.gov FU Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Niocorp Developments Ltd. (formerly Quantum Rare Earth Developments Corp.) is thanked for generously allowing access to their airborne geophysical data, and allowing publication of images generated from the data. R. Kettler and M. Joeckel of the University of Nebraska and Nebraska Geological Survey are thanked for facilitating storage of, and access to, the public-domain core samples and legacy data. A. McCafferty, E. Cunion, N. McCallum, P. Verplanck, and B. Van Gosen provided important support, information, and perspective. Thoughtful reviews from M. Thomas, J. Phillips, B. Van Gosen, J. Slate, and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and organized under a project led by A. McCafferty. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 2324-8858 EI 2324-8866 J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB JI Interpretation PD NOV PY 2014 VL 2 IS 4 BP SJ23 EP SJ33 DI 10.1190/INT-2014-0002.1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV5AK UT WOS:000364277400005 ER PT J AU McCafferty, AE Stoeser, DB Van Gosen, BS AF McCafferty, Anne E. Stoeser, Douglas B. Van Gosen, Bradley S. TI Geophysical interpretation of U, Th, and rare earth element mineralization of the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska SO Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; PETROGENESIS; GEOLOGY; PLUTON; NB AB A prospectivity map for rare earth element (REE) mineralization at the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, was calculated from high-resolution airborne gamma-ray data. The map displays areas with similar radioelement concentrations as those over the Dotson REE-vein-dike system, which is characterized by moderately high %K, eU, and eTh (%K, percent potassium; eU, equivalent parts per million uranium; and eTh, equivalent parts per million thorium). Gamma-ray concentrations of rocks that share a similar range as those over the Dotson zone are inferred to locate high concentrations of REE-bearing minerals. An approximately 1300-m-long prospective tract corresponds to shallowly exposed locations of the Dotson zone. Prospective areas of REE mineralization also occur in continuous swaths along the outer edge of the pluton, over known but undeveloped REE occurrences, and within discrete regions in the older Paleozoic country rocks. Detailed mineralogical examinations of samples from the Dotson zone provide a means to understand the possible causes of the airborne Th and U anomalies and their relation to REE minerals. Thorium is sited primarily in thorite. Uranium also occurs in thorite and in a complex suite of +/- Ti +/- Nb +/- Y oxide minerals, which include fergusonite, polycrase, and aeschynite. These oxides, along with Y-silicates, are the chief heavy REE (HREE)-bearing minerals. Hence, the eU anomalies, in particular, may indicate other occurrences of similar HREE-enrichment. Uranium and Th chemistry along the Dotson zone showed elevated U and total REEs east of the Camp Creek fault, which suggested the potential for increased HREEs based on their association with U-oxide minerals. A uranium prospectivity map, based on signatures present over the Ross-Adams mine area, was characterized by extremely high radioelement values. Known uranium deposits were identified in the U-prospectivity map, but the largest tract occurs over a radioelement-rich granite phase within the pluton that is likely not related to mineralization. Neither mineralization type displays a well-defined airborne magnetic signature. C1 [McCafferty, Anne E.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stoeser, Douglas B.; Van Gosen, Bradley S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McCafferty, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anne@usgs.gov; dstoeser@usgs.gov; bvangose@usgs.gov OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 2324-8858 EI 2324-8866 J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB JI Interpretation PD NOV PY 2014 VL 2 IS 4 BP SJ47 EP SJ63 DI 10.1190/INT-2014-0010.1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV5AK UT WOS:000364277400007 ER PT J AU Salem, A Blakely, R Green, C Fairhead, D Ravat, D AF Salem, Ahmed Blakely, Richard Green, Chris Fairhead, Derek Ravat, Dhananjay TI Estimation of depth to top of magnetic sources using the local-wavenumber approach in an area of shallow Moho and Curie depth - The Red Sea SO Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY; GRAVITY AB The local-wavenumber method estimates the depth to a magnetic source based on the spectral content of a single anomaly assuming that the base of the magnetic body is at infinite depth. However, the "infinite-depth" assumption can lead to significant underestimation of the depth to the top of magnetic bodies, especially in areas where the depth to the bottom of the magnetic layer is not large compared to the depth to the top, as would occur in high heat-flow regions and thinned continental margins. Such underestimation of depths has been demonstrated in model studies and using real data with seismic and well control. We evaluated a modification to the local-wavenumber approach to estimate the depth to the top of magnetic sources assuming that the depth to the bottom of the magnetic sources is controlled by the Curie temperature or crustal thickness. We applied this new method to a simple model of a continental margin and to magnetic survey data over the central Red Sea where the Curie isotherm is shallow. The effective structural index of this finite depth extent model is found to increase continuously from the continent to the ocean as the depth to the magnetic basement increases and the depth to the bottom of the magnetic layer decreases. We have also discovered in this study that the local-wavenumber maxima correlate well with major seafloor spreading magnetic reversal epochs in the central Red Sea segment. C1 [Salem, Ahmed; Green, Chris; Fairhead, Derek] Getech, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Salem, Ahmed; Green, Chris; Fairhead, Derek] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Blakely, Richard] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ravat, Dhananjay] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. RP Salem, A (reprint author), Getech, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM ahmedsalem30@yahoo.com; blakely@usgs.gov; cmg@getech.com; jdf@getech.com; dhananjay.ravat@uky.edu FU United States National Science Foundation [EAR-1246921] FX We are grateful for comments by the associate editor, anonymous reviewers, and the editor Y. Sun, which helped to improve the paper. We are also indebted to S. Campbell for his discussion and comments on the manuscript. D. Ravat thanks the United States National Science Foundation (grant no. EAR-1246921) for his participation in this study. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 2324-8858 EI 2324-8866 J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB JI Interpretation PD NOV PY 2014 VL 2 IS 4 BP SJ1 EP SJ8 DI 10.1190/INT-2013-0196.1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CV5AK UT WOS:000364277400003 ER PT J AU Houser, JD Ginsberg, H Jakob, EM AF Houser, Jeremy D. Ginsberg, Howard Jakob, Elizabeth M. TI Competition between introduced and native spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae) SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Spiders; Web invasion; Interference competition; Invasive; Linyphia triangularis ID WEB-BUILDING SPIDERS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; EXPERIMENTAL FIELD; NONNATIVE SPIDERS; NEW-ZEALAND; THERIDIIDAE; ARANEIDAE; ABUNDANCE; PREY; INVASION AB The European sheet-web spider Linyphia triangularis (Araneae: Linyphiidae) has become established in Maine, where it often reaches very high densities. Two lines of evidence from previous work suggest that L. triangularis affects populations of the native linyphiid spider Frontinella communis. First, F. communis individuals are relatively scarce in both forest and coastal habitat where L. triangularis is common, but more common where L. triangularis is at low density. Second, in field experiments, F. communis species are less likely to settle in experimental plots when L. triangularis is present, and F. communis disappears from study plots when L. triangularis is introduced. Here we test two mechanisms that may underlie these patterns. First, we tested whether L. triangularis invades and usurps the webs of F. communis. When spiders were released onto webs of heterospecifics, L. triangularis was more likely to take over or share webs of F. communis than the reverse. We also observed natural takeovers of F. communis webs. Second, we explored the hypothesis that L. triangularis reduces prey availability for native species. We sampled flying prey in areas with L. triangularis and those where it had been removed, and found no effect of spider presence on measured prey density. We also found no effect of prey supplementation on web tenacity in F. communis, suggesting that F. communis movements are not highly dependent on prey availability. We conclude that web takeover is likely more important than prey reduction in driving negative effects of L. triangularis on F. communis. C1 [Houser, Jeremy D.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Neurosci & Behav, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard] Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Jakob, Elizabeth M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jakob, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ejakob@psych.umass.edu FU NIH; American Arachnological Society; National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We greatly appreciate helpful comments from reviewers of earlier versions of the manuscript: R. Brodie, E. Clotfelter, S. Droege, K. Fite, R. Harrington, S. Hoffmann, J. Podos, S. Partan, D. Pope and P. Sievert. Special thanks to those who assisted with data collection: A. Porter, C. Skow, J. Bednarski, M. Gorski, and V. Johnson. We thank the staff at Acadia National Park, especially D. Manski, B. Connery, E. Pontbriand, and B. Wiedner, for assistance throughout this project and for permission to work at Schoodic. M. Bierman, J. McKenna, and the staff of the Schoodic Education and Research Center provided crucial logistic support. We are grateful to D. Jennings for advice and encouragement throughout this project. We thank the following funding sources: an NIH predoctoral training fellowship to J. D. H, a research grant from the American Arachnological Society to J. D. H, and a grant from the National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey to J. D. H., E. M. J., and Daniel Jennings. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2479 EP 2488 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0679-0 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ0RJ UT WOS:000342490100019 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Wang, TG Shi, SB Liu, KY Ellis, GS AF Li, Meijun Wang, T. -G. Shi, Shengbao Liu, Keyu Ellis, Geoffrey S. TI Benzo[b]naphthothiophenes and alkyl dibenzothiophenes: Molecular tracers for oil migration distances SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dibenzothiophene; Benzonaphthothiophene; Migration; Distance ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; PYRROLIC NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS; PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS; TARIM BASIN; CRUDE OILS; NW CHINA; LIAOHE BASIN; HETEROCYCLIC-COMPOUNDS; MATURITY INDICATORS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS AB The secondary migration of petroleum is one of the most critical geological processes responsible for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in a sedimentary basin. Pyrrolic nitrogen compounds such as carbazoles and benzocarbazoles are thought to be practical molecular indicators for estimating relative migration distances of oil. In light oils or condensates, however, considerable analytical errors are usually caused by low concentrations of NSO-compounds. Here we show that polycyclic sulfur aromatic hydrocarbons such as dibenzothiophene, C-1 similar to C-3 alkylated dibenzothiophenes and benzo[b]naphthothiophenes, which are present in relatively higher concentrations than the pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, exhibit changes in both absolute and relative concentrations that correlate with migration distances. The polycyclic sulfur aromatic hydrocarbons related parameters - benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene/{benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene + benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene} (abbreviated as [2,1]BNT/([2,1]BNT+[1,2]BNT) and the concentration of total dibenzothiophenes plus benzo[b]naphthothiophenes - are proposed by this paper to trace the oil migration distances. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Meijun; Wang, T. -G.; Shi, Shengbao] China Univ Petr, Coll Geosci, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Liu, Keyu] CSIRO Earth Sci & Resource Engn, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), China Univ Petr, Coll Geosci, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. EM meijunli2008@hotmail.com OI Li, Meijun/0000-0002-7141-6068; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU Natural Sciences Foundation of China [41272158]; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting [PRPDX-200801]; Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (Beijing) [KYJJ2012-01-03] FX This research was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No. 41272158), the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (Grant No. PRPDX-200801), and the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (Beijing) (Grant No. KYJJ2012-01-03). This manuscript benefited greatly from discussions with Dr. Paul G. Lillis from the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank Dr. Barry Bennett and Dr. Lorenz and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and constructive suggestions which significantly improved the quality of this paper. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 57 BP 403 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.06.012 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ1GO UT WOS:000342530100025 ER PT J AU Huo, B Xie, CX Madenjian, CP Ma, BS Yang, XF Huang, HP AF Huo, Bin Xie, Cong Xin Madenjian, Charles Paul Ma, Bao Shan Yang, Xue Feng Huang, Hai Ping TI Feeding habits of an endemic fish, Oxygymnocypris stewartii, in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Oxygymnocypris stewartii; Feeding habits; Seasonal diet shift; Size-related diet shift; Predator-prey size relationship ID ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; CYPRINIDAE SCHIZOTHORACINAE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; TSANGPO RIVER; PREDATOR; DIET; LAKE AB Feeding habits of Oxygymnocypris stewartii were investigated based on monthly sampling in the Yarlung Zangbo River from August 2008 to August 2009. The gut contents of 194 individuals were analysed and quantified with numerical and gravimetric methods. This species can be considered a generalized and opportunistic predator feeding both on teleosts and aquatic insects. A multivariate analysis revealed noticeable variation in O. stewartii diet composition with fish size and season. The smaller specimens fed primarily on Cobitidae and Hydropsychidae. As they grew, Cyprinidae and Chironomidae larvae became important prey. The preferred food items were teleosts in summer and autumn. For winter and spring, the predominant prey switched to chironomidae larvae. Diet composition did not significantly vary between the sexes. Finally, a significant and positive correlation between predator and prey length was found. These findings provide the fundamental information better understanding the role of this important endemic species in the Yarlung Zangbo River food web. C1 [Huo, Bin; Xie, Cong Xin; Yang, Xue Feng; Huang, Hai Ping] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Ma, Bao Shan] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Huo, Bin; Madenjian, Charles Paul] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Xie, CX (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM xiecongxin@mail.hzau.edu.cn FU Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China [201203086] FX We are grateful to Xiaoming Jiang for his assistance and cooperation in carrying out the present study. This study is funded by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (201203086). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is contribution 1809 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. This study was conducted according to "Instructive notions with respect to caring for laboratory animals", issued by the Ministry of Science and technology of the People's Republic of China. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1293 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0213-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP9UB UT WOS:000342424600007 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP Henry, CD John, DA AF Colgan, Joseph P. Henry, Christopher D. John, David A. TI Evidence for Large-Magnitude, Post-Eocene Extension in the Northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, and Its Implications for the Structural Setting of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in the Lower Plate of the Roberts Mountains Allochthon SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL NEVADA; ASH-FLOW CALDERAS; CAULDRON SUBSIDENCE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; MIOCENE EXTENSION; CAETANO CALDERA; VOLCANIC FIELD; NORMAL FAULTS; GREAT-BASIN; DETACHMENT AB The northern Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges in north-central Nevada expose numerous areas of mineralized Paleozoic rock, including major Carlin-type gold deposits at Pipeline and Cortez. Paleozoic rocks in these areas were previously interpreted to have undergone negligible postmineralization extension and tilting, but here we present new data that suggest major post-Eocene extension along west-dipping normal faults. Tertiary rocks in the northern Shoshone Range crop out in two W-NW-trending belts that locally overlie and intrude highly deformed Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Tertiary exposures in the more extensive, northern belt were interpreted as subvertical breccia pipes (intrusions), but new field data indicate that these "pipes" consist of a 35.8 Ma densely welded dacitic ash flow tuff (informally named the tuff of Mount Lewis) interbedded with sandstones and coarse volcaniclastic deposits. Both tuff and sedimentary rocks strike N-S and dip 30 degrees to 70 degrees E; the steeply dipping compaction foliation in the tuffs was interpreted as subvertical flow foliation in breccia pipes. The southern belt along Mill Creek, previously mapped as undivided welded tuff, includes the tuff of Cove mine (34.4 Ma) and unit B of the Bates Mountain Tuff (30.6 Ma). These tuffs dip 30 to 50 east, suggesting that their west-dipping contacts with underlying Paleozoic rocks (previously mapped as depositional) are normal faults. Tertiary rocks in both belts were deposited on Paleozoic basement and none appear to be breccia pipes. We infer that their present east tilt is due to extension on west-dipping normal faults. Some of these faults may be the northern strands of middle Miocene (ca. 16 Ma) faults that cut and tilted the 34.0 Ma Caetano caldera similar to 40 degrees east in the central Shoshone Range (<5 km south of Mill Creek), but further mapping is necessary to trace the faults through the highly deformed Paleozoic rocks that surround the isolated Tertiary outcrops. Significant post-Eocene extensional faulting in the northern Shoshone Range may have important implications for both the structure of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and the exposure of potentially mineralized rocks in its lower plate, both of which were likely east-tilted and repeated by west-dipping faults together with overlying Tertiary rocks. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [John, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 25,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436; John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 29 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 IS 7 BP 1843 EP 1862 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP5KK UT WOS:000342117900002 ER PT J AU Young, CJ Liu, SG Schumacher, JA Schumacher, TE Kaspar, TC McCarty, GW Napton, D Jaynes, DB AF Young, Claudia J. Liu, Shuguang Schumacher, Joseph A. Schumacher, Thomas E. Kaspar, Thomas C. McCarty, Gregory W. Napton, Darrell Jaynes, Dan B. TI Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using Cs-137 in two US Midwest agricultural fields SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Erosion; Deposition; Water erosion; Tillage; Cs-137; Organic carbon ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; DEM RESOLUTION; LOSS EQUATION; IOWA FARMS; EROSION; YIELD; RATES; PREDICTION; DEPOSITION; IMPACT AB Cultivated lands in the U.S. Midwest have been affected by soil erosion, causing soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution in the landscape and other environmental and agricultural problems. The importance of SOC redistribution on soil productivity and crop yield, however, is still uncertain. In this study, we used a model framework, which includes the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED) and the Tillage Erosion Prediction (TEP) models, to understand the soil and SOC redistribution caused by water and tillage erosion in two agricultural fields in the U.S. Midwest. This model framework was evaluated for different digital elevation model (DEM) spatial resolutions (10-m, 24-m, 30-m, and 56-m) and topographic exponents (m = 1.0-1.6 and n = 1.0-13) using soil redistribution rates from Cs-137 measurements. The results showed that the aggregated 24-m DEM, m = 1.4 and n = 1.0 for rill erosion, and m = 1.0 and n = 1.0 for sheet erosion, provided the best fit with the observation data at both sites. Moreover, estimated average SOC redistributions were 13 +/- 9.8 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in field site 1 and 3.6 +/- 14.3 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in field site 2. Spatial distribution patterns showed SOC loss (negative values) in the eroded areas and SOC gain (positive value) in the deposition areas. This study demonstrated the importance of the spatial resolution and the topographic exponents to estimate and map soil redistribution and the SOC dynamics throughout the landscape, helping to identify places where erosion and deposition from water and tillage are occurring at high rates. Additional research is needed to improve the application of the model framework for use in local and regional studies where rainfall erosivity and cover management factors vary. Therefore, using this model framework can help to improve the information about the spatial distribution of soil erosion across agricultural landscapes and to gain a better understanding of SOC dynamics within eroding and previously eroded fields. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Claudia J.] ERT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia J.; Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Schumacher, Joseph A.; Schumacher, Thomas E.; Napton, Darrell] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kaspar, Thomas C.; Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Young, CJ (reprint author), ERT Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cyoung@usgs.gov OI Young, Claudia J/0000-0002-0859-7206 FU USGS [G10PC00044] FX This study was part of the USGS Land Carbon project. The work of C.J. Young (ERT, Inc.) was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. We thank Yiping Wu for an internal review of this manuscript and for providing some suggestions for improvement. We also thank Thomas Adamson for editing the document to improve English usage and grammar. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2014 VL 232 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.019 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AN1AS UT WOS:000340315700042 ER PT J AU Gillan, JK Karl, JW Duniway, M Elaksher, A AF Gillan, Jeffrey K. Karl, Jason W. Duniway, Michael Elaksher, Ahmed TI Modeling vegetation heights from high resolution stereo aerial photography: An application for broad-scale rangeland monitoring SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Rangeland monitoring; Photogrammetry; Vegetation height; Digital terrain model; Remote sensing ID LIDAR; IMAGERY; INVENTORY; COVER; DISK; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; FOREST; USA AB Vertical vegetation structure in rangeland ecosystems can be a valuable indicator for assessing rangeland health and monitoring riparian areas, post-fire recovery, available forage for livestock, and wildlife habitat. Federal land management agencies are directed to monitor and manage rangelands at landscapes scales, but traditional field methods for measuring vegetation heights are often too costly and time consuming to apply at these broad scales. Most emerging remote sensing techniques capable of measuring surface and vegetation height (e.g., LiDAR or synthetic aperture radar) are often too expensive, and require specialized sensors. An alternative remote sensing approach that is potentially more practical for managers is to measure vegetation heights from digital stereo aerial photographs. As aerial photography is already commonly used for rangeland monitoring, acquiring it in stereo enables three-dimensional modeling and estimation of vegetation height. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and accuracy of estimating shrub heights from high-resolution (HR, 3-cm ground sampling distance) digital stereo-pair aerial images. Overlapping HR imagery was taken in March 2009 near Lake Mead, Nevada and 5-cm resolution digital surface models (DSMs) were created by photogrammetric methods (aerial triangulation, digital image matching) for twenty-six test plots. We compared the heights of individual shrubs and plot averages derived from the DSMs to field measurements. We found strong positive correlations between field and image measurements for several metrics. Individual shrub heights tended to be underestimated in the imagery, however, accuracy was higher for dense, compact shrubs compared with shrubs with thin branches. Plot averages of shrub height from DSMs were also strongly correlated to field measurements but consistently underestimated. Grasses and forbs were generally too small to be detected with the resolution of the DSMs. Estimates of vertical structure will be more accurate in plots having low herbaceous cover and high amounts of dense shrubs. Through the use of statistically derived correction factors or choosing field methods that better correlate with the imagery, vegetation heights from HR DSMs could be a valuable technique for broad-scale rangeland monitoring needs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gillan, Jeffrey K.; Karl, Jason W.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Elaksher, Ahmed] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Surveying Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Gillan, JK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jgillan@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) FX This project was funded, in part, through the USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). We are grateful for assistance provided by staff at the National Park Service Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Mojave Desert Network. M. Mattocks and N. Baquera assisted in collection of the field data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 109 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 144 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.028 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM6YL UT WOS:000340011800027 PM 24973611 ER PT J AU Starns, HD Ricca, MA Duarte, A Weckerly, FW AF Starns, Heath D. Ricca, Mark A. Duarte, Adam Weckerly, Floyd W. TI Climatic and density influences on recruitment in an irruptive population of Roosevelt elk SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE California; Cervus elaphus roosevelti; demography; population dynamics; ungulate; vital rate ID BLACK-TAILED DEER; RED DEER; LARGE-HERBIVORE; DIETARY QUALITY; TULE ELK; DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTION; UNGULATE; GROWTH AB Current paradigms of ungulate population ecology recognize that density-dependent and independent mechanisms are not always mutually exclusive. Long-term data sets are necessary to assess the relative strength of each mechanism, especially when populations display irruptive dynamics. Using an 18-year time series of population abundances of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) inhabiting Redwood National Park in northwestern California we assessed the influence of population size and climatic variation on elk recruitment and whether irruptive dynamics occurred. An information-theoretic model selection analysis indicated that abundance lagged 2 years and neither climatic factors nor a mix of abundance and climatic factors influenced elk recruitment. However, density-dependent recruitment differed between when the population was declining and when the population increased and then stabilized at an abundance lower than at the start of the decline. The population displayed irruptive dynamics. C1 [Starns, Heath D.; Duarte, Adam; Weckerly, Floyd W.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Weckerly, FW (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM fw11@txstate.edu FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Redwood National Park; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Alamo Safari Club; Granite Bay Safari Club; Houston Safari Club; Texas State University FX Funding for this long-term research was provided by California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Redwood National Park, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Alamo Safari Club, Granite Bay Safari Club, Houston Safari Club, and Texas State University. We thank Redwood National and State parks for their assistance and cooperation over the years and to the many park biologists that assisted in data collection. R. Keleher, J. Hunt, D. Lancaster, M. Longoria, R. Luna, M. O'Dell, K. Richardson, S. Robinson, S. Shelton, G. Street, and D. Wolcott assisted the authors on counts. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT 31 PY 2014 VL 95 IS 5 BP 925 EP 932 DI 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-313 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT3LX UT WOS:000344837400002 ER PT J AU Carleton, MD Gardner, AL Pavunov, IY Musser, GG AF Carleton, Michael D. Gardner, Alfred L. Pavunov, Igor Ya. Musser, Guy G. TI The valid generic name for red-backed voles (Muroidea: Cricetidae: Arvicolinae): restatement of the case for Myodes Pallas, 1811 SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Clethrionomys; Evotomys; Lemmus; nomenclature; taxonomy ID RODENTIA; GENUS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; NUCLEAR AB In view of contradictions in the recent literature, the valid genus-group name to be applied to northern red-backed voles-Myodes Pallas, 1811, or Clethrionomys Tilesius, 1850-is reviewed. To develop the thesis that Myodes (type species, Mus rutilus Pallas, 1779) is the correct name, our discussion explores the 19th-century taxonomic works that bear on the relevant taxa, the transition in zoological codes apropos the identification of type species, and past nomenclatural habits in cases where no type species was originally indicated. We conclude that Myodes is the senior name to use for the genus-group taxon that includes the Holarctic species rutilus and frame this conclusion within a synonymy of the genus. C1 [Carleton, Michael D.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Mammal Div, MRC 108, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gardner, Alfred L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Survey Unit, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pavunov, Igor Ya.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Zool Museum Moscow, Moscow 125009, Russia. [Musser, Guy G.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Carleton, MD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Mammal Div, MRC 108, 10th St & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM carletonm@si.edu NR 119 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT 31 PY 2014 VL 95 IS 5 BP 943 EP 959 DI 10.1644/14-MAMM-A-004 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT3LX UT WOS:000344837400004 ER PT J AU Penman, TD Collins, L Syphard, AD Keeley, JE Bradstock, RA AF Penman, Trent D. Collins, Luke Syphard, Alexandra D. Keeley, Jon E. Bradstock, Ross A. TI Influence of Fuels, Weather and the Built Environment on the Exposure of Property to Wildfire SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; UNITED-STATES; FIRE BEHAVIOR; SYDNEY REGION; CALIFORNIA SHRUBLANDS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; AERIAL SUPPRESSION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS AB Wildfires can pose a significant risk to people and property. Billions of dollars are spent investing in fire management actions in an attempt to reduce the risk of loss. One of the key areas where money is spent is through fuel treatment - either fuel reduction (prescribed fire) or fuel removal (fuel breaks). Individual treatments can influence fire size and the maximum distance travelled from the ignition and presumably risk, but few studies have examined the landscape level effectiveness of these treatments. Here we use a Bayesian Network model to examine the relative influence of the built and natural environment, weather, fuel and fuel treatments in determining the risk posed from wildfire to the wildland-urban interface. Fire size and distance travelled was influenced most strongly by weather, with exposure to fires most sensitive to changes in the built environment and fire parameters. Natural environment variables and fuel load all had minor influences on fire size, distance travelled and exposure of assets. These results suggest that management of fuels provided minimal reductions in risk to assets and adequate planning of the changes in the built environment to cope with the expansion of human populations is going to be vital for managing risk from fire under future climates. C1 [Penman, Trent D.; Bradstock, Ross A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Collins, Luke] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Penman, TD (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM trent.penman@unimelb.edu.au RI Penman, Trent/A-7242-2012 OI Penman, Trent/0000-0002-5203-9818 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding from the U.S. Geological Survey was provided to University of Wollongong to cover salary of LC for the study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e111414 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0111414 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0BN UT WOS:000343943700101 PM 25360741 ER PT J AU Westhoff, JT Paukert, CP AF Westhoff, Jacob T. Paukert, Craig P. TI Climate Change Simulations Predict Altered Biotic Response in a Thermally Heterogeneous Stream System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WATER TEMPERATURE MODEL; SMALLMOUTH BASS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; RIVER TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; BULL TROUT; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AB Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures in many lotic systems, but little is known about how changes in air temperature affect lotic systems heavily influenced by groundwater. Our objectives were to document spatial variation in temperature for spring-fed Ozark streams in Southern Missouri USA, create a spatially explicit model of mean daily water temperature, and use downscaled climate models to predict the number of days meeting suitable stream temperature for three aquatic species of concern to conservation and management. Longitudinal temperature transects and stationary temperature loggers were used in the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers during 2012 to determine spatial and temporal variability of water temperature. Groundwater spring influence affected river water temperatures in both winter and summer, but springs that contributed less than 5% of the main stem discharge did not affect river temperatures beyond a few hundred meters downstream. A multiple regression model using variables related to season, mean daily air temperature, and a spatial influence factor (metric to account for groundwater influence) was a strong predictor of mean daily water temperature (r(2) = 0.98; RMSE = 0.82). Data from two downscaled climate simulations under the A2 emissions scenario were used to predict daily water temperatures for time steps of 1995, 2040, 2060, and 2080. By 2080, peak numbers of optimal growth temperature days for smallmouth bass are expected to shift to areas with more spring influence, largemouth bass are expected to experience more optimal growth days (21 - 317% increase) regardless of spring influence, and Ozark hellbenders may experience a reduction in the number of optimal growth days in areas with the highest spring influence. Our results provide a framework for assessing fine-scale (10 s m) thermal heterogeneity and predict shifts in thermal conditions at the watershed and reach scale. C1 [Westhoff, Jacob T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Westhoff, JT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM westhoffj@missouri.edu FU United States Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Project through Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [116] FX This project was funded through the United States Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Project through Research Work Order 116 of the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (http://www.nature.nps.gov/challenge/2011/nrpp.cfm). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 104 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e111438 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0111438 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX2HU UT WOS:000346765000061 PM 25356982 ER PT J AU Marshall, CD Rozas, K Kot, B Gill, VA AF Marshall, Christopher D. Rozas, Kelly Kot, Brian Gill, Verena A. TI Innervation patterns of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) mystacial follicle-sinus complexes SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY LA English DT Article DE somatosensory system; peripheral nervous system; axon investment; vibrissae; F-SCs; comparative neurobiology; marine mammals; otters ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; FLORIDA MANATEE; PHOCA-VITULINA; SENSORY INNERVATION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; HARBOR SEALS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ERIGNATHUS-BARBATUS; BEARDED SEALS AB Sea otters (Er/hydra lutns) are the most recent group of mammals to return to the sea, and may exemplify divergent somatosensory tactile systems among mammals. Therefore, we quantified the mystacial vibrissal array of sea otters and histologically processed follicle-sinus complexes (F - SCs) to test the hypotheses that the number of myelinated axons per F -SC is greater than that found for terrestrial mammalian vibrissae and that their organization and microstructure converge with those of pinniped vibrissae. A mean of 120.5 vibrissae were arranged rostrally on a broad, blunt muzzle in 7-8 rows and 9-13 columns. The F-SCs of sea otters are tripartite in their organization and similar in microstructure to pinnipeds rather than terrestrial species. Each F-SC was innervated by a mean 1339 408.3 axons. Innervation to the entire rnystacial vibrissal array was estimated at 161,313 axons. Our data support the hypothesis that the disproportionate expansion of the coronal gyrus in somatosensory cortex of sea otters is related to the high innervation investment of the mystacial vibrissal array, and that quantifying innervation investment is a good proxy for tactile sensitivity. We predict that the tactile performance of sea otter mystacial vibrissae is comparable to that of harbor seals, sea lions and walruses. C1 [Marshall, Christopher D.; Rozas, Kelly; Kot, Brian] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Marshall, Christopher D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Marshall, CD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 200 Seawolf Pkwy,Bldg 3029 OCSB 253, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM marshalc@tamug.edu FU Texas Institute of Oceanography Undergraduate Fellowship; Texas A&M University Online Access to Knowledge (OAK) Fund by University Libraries; Office of the Vice President for Research FX We appreciate the laboratory assistance of Kristin Worman from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office in Anchorage, AK (USA). We thank Roger Reep for numerous discussion regarding somatosensory systems and for critical comments that improved the manuscript. Specimens were collected under MMPA permit No. MA041309-5 issued to Gill in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife's Marine Mammals Management office. We also appreciate the support of the Texas Institute of Oceanography Undergraduate Fellowship to Kelly Rozas. Appreciation is given to Caitlin Sprowls and Erin Mattson for histological and microscopy assistance. The open access publishing fees for this article have been covered by the Texas A&M University Online Access to Knowledge (OAK) Fund, supported by the University Libraries and the Office of the Vice President for Research. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5129 J9 FRONT NEUROANAT JI Front. Neuroanat. PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 121 DI 10.3389/fnana.2014.00121 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Neurosciences SC Anatomy & Morphology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AS3BX UT WOS:000344152100001 PM 25400554 ER PT J AU Hennige, SJ Morrison, CL Form, AU Buscher, J Kamenos, NA Roberts, JM AF Hennige, S. J. Morrison, C. L. Form, A. U. Buescher, J. Kamenos, N. A. Roberts, J. M. TI Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLOGENEIC FUSION; CONTACT REACTIONS; ALLORECOGNITION; RELATEDNESS; GROWTH; OCEAN AB The ability of coral reefs to engineer complex three-dimensional habitats is central to their success and the rich biodiversity they support. In tropical reefs, encrusting coralline algae bind together substrates and dead coral framework to make continuous reef structures, but beyond the photic zone, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa also forms large biogenic reefs, facilitated by skeletal fusion. Skeletal fusion in tropical corals can occur in closely related or juvenile individuals as a result of non-aggressive skeletal overgrowth or allogeneic tissue fusion, but contact reactions in many species result in mortality if there is no 'self-recognition' on a broad species level. This study reveals areas of 'flawless' skeletal fusion in Lophelia pertusa, potentially facilitated by allogeneic tissue fusion, are identified as having small aragonitic crystals or low levels of crystal organisation, and strong molecular bonding. Regardless of the mechanism, the recognition of 'self' between adjacent L. pertusa colonies leads to no observable mortality, facilitates ecosystem engineering and reduces aggression-related energetic expenditure in an environment where energy conservation is crucial. The potential for self-recognition at a species level, and subsequent skeletal fusion in framework-forming cold-water corals is an important first step in understanding their significance as ecological engineers in deep-seas worldwide. C1 [Hennige, S. J.; Roberts, J. M.] Heriot Watt Univ, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Morrison, C. L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Form, A. U.; Buescher, J.] GEOMAR, Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Kamenos, N. A.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Roberts, J. M.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Roberts, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Hennige, SJ (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM s.hennige@hw.ac.uk RI Roberts, Murray/D-8299-2013; Kamenos, Nicholas/F-2421-2010; OI Roberts, Murray/0000-0003-1688-5133; Kamenos, Nicholas/0000-0003-3434-0807; Hennige, Sebastian/0000-0002-3059-604X FU UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NERC grant) [NE/H017305/1]; NERC Independent Research Fellowship [NE/K009028/1]; BIOACID (BMBF) [FKZ 03F0655A]; Royal Society of Edinburgh IRF [48704/1]; European Commission's [211384, 226354] FX We thank the JAGO submersible team for their skill at sea, U. Riebesell and the BIOACID project for the opportunity to join RV Poseidon cruise P420 along with Captain Windscheid and the crew for excellent support, and the Norwegian Directorate of fisheries (Fiskeridirektoratet). We would also like to thank E. Dyrynda, G. Cook, L. Henry and M. Wisshak for insightful comments on this manuscript and Peter Chung for microscopy help. Images 2A-C and 3A were taken by Solvin Zankl, Image 2D was taken by the JAGO submersible team, GEOMAR, Kiel. Molecular lab work was done by M. Springmann, and the coral distribution map was compiled by M. Mellado-Silva. This paper is a contribution to the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme to J.M.R. and N.K. (NERC grant NE/H017305/1), a NERC Independent Research Fellowship to S.J.H. (NE/K009028/1), BIOACID (BMBF, FKZ 03F0655A), a Royal Society of Edinburgh IRF to N.K. (48704/1) and the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) projects EPOCA (grant agreement no. 211384) and HERMIONE (grant agreement no. 226354) to J.M.R. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 27 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6782 DI 10.1038/srep06782 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0PA UT WOS:000343978700014 PM 25345760 ER PT J AU Beas-Luna, R Novak, M Carr, MH Tinker, MT Black, A Caselle, JE Hoban, M Malone, D Iles, A AF Beas-Luna, Rodrigo Novak, Mark Carr, Mark H. Tinker, Martin T. Black, August Caselle, Jennifer E. Hoban, Michael Malone, Dan Iles, Alison TI An Online Database for Informing Ecological Network Models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE STATES; KELP FOREST; FOOD WEBS; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; RESILIENCE; MANAGEMENT; STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB Ecological network models and analyses are recognized as valuable tools for understanding the dynamics and resiliency of ecosystems, and for informing ecosystem-based approaches to management. However, few databases exist that can provide the life history, demographic and species interaction information necessary to parameterize ecological network models. Faced with the difficulty of synthesizing the information required to construct models for kelp forest ecosystems along the West Coast of North America, we developed an online database (http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu/) to facilitate the collation and dissemination of such information. Many of the database's attributes are novel yet the structure is applicable and adaptable to other ecosystem modeling efforts. Information for each taxonomic unit includes stage-specific life history, demography, and body-size allometries. Species interactions include trophic, competitive, facilitative, and parasitic forms. Each data entry is temporally and spatially explicit. The online data entry interface allows researchers anywhere to contribute and access information. Quality control is facilitated by attributing each entry to unique contributor identities and source citations. The database has proven useful as an archive of species and ecosystem-specific information in the development of several ecological network models, for informing management actions, and for education purposes (e.g., undergraduate and graduate training). To facilitate adaptation of the database by other researches for other ecosystems, the code and technical details on how to customize this database and apply it to other ecosystems are freely available and located at the following link (https://github.com/kelpforest-cameo/databaseui). C1 [Beas-Luna, Rodrigo; Carr, Mark H.; Tinker, Martin T.; Hoban, Michael; Malone, Dan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Novak, Mark; Iles, Alison] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tinker, Martin T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Black, August; Caselle, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mhcarr@ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012 FU Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program - National Science Foundation [OCE-1041454, OCE-10411489]; Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program - U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [OCE-1041454, OCE-10411489]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; University of California Institute for Mexico; University of California Santa Cruz, Open Access Fund FX This project was supported by the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program, jointly supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (award # OCE-1041454 and OCE-10411489). Additional support for Rodrigo Beas-Luna was provided by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (www.conacyt.mx) and the University of California Institute for Mexico (www.ucmexus.ucr.edu). Funding for Open Access provided by the University of California Santa Cruz, Open Access Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 24 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e109356 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109356 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0BL UT WOS:000343943500013 PM 25343723 ER PT J AU Davis, SC Burkle, LA Cross, WF Cutting, KA AF Davis, Stacy C. Burkle, Laura A. Cross, Wyatt F. Cutting, Kyle A. TI The Effects of Timing of Grazing on Plant and Arthropod Communities in High-Elevation Grasslands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION STRUCTURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SAGE GROUSE; HERBIVORY; HEMIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; HABITAT; INVERTEBRATES; MANAGEMENT AB Livestock grazing can be used as a key management tool for maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of using grazing to modify habitat for species of conservation concern depends on how the grazing regime is implemented. Timing of grazing is one grazing regime component that is less understood than grazing intensity and grazer identity, but is predicted to have important implications for plant and higher trophic level responses. We experimentally assessed how timing of cattle grazing affected plant and arthropod communities in high-elevation grasslands of southwest Montana to better evaluate its use as a tool for multi-trophic level management. We manipulated timing of grazing, with one grazing treatment beginning in mid-June and the other in mid-July, in two experiments conducted in different grassland habitat types (i.e., wet meadow and upland) in 2011 and 2012. In the upland grassland experiment, we found that both early and late grazing treatments reduced forb biomass, whereas graminoid biomass was only reduced with late grazing. Grazing earlier in the growing season versus later did not result in greater recovery of graminoid or forb biomass as expected. In addition, the density of the most ubiquitous grassland arthropod order (Hemiptera) was reduced by both grazing treatments in upland grasslands. A comparison of end-of-season plant responses to grazing in upland versus wet meadow grasslands revealed that grazing reduced graminoid biomass in the wet meadow and forb biomass in the upland, irrespective of timing of grazing. Both grazing treatments also reduced end-of-season total arthropod and Hemiptera densities and Hemiptera biomass in both grassland habitat types. Our results indicate that both early and late season herbivory affect many plant and arthropod characteristics in a similar manner, but grazing earlier may negatively impact species of conservation concern requiring forage earlier in the growing season. C1 [Davis, Stacy C.; Burkle, Laura A.; Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cutting, Kyle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT USA. RP Davis, SC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM stacy.davis1@msu.montana.edu FU Montana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors are grateful to Montana State University and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e110460 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110460 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR6DY UT WOS:000343674800045 PM 25338008 ER PT J AU Herman, MW Herrmann, RB Benz, HM Furlong, KP AF Herman, Matthew W. Herrmann, Robert B. Benz, Harley M. Furlong, Kevin P. TI Using regional moment tensors to constrain the kinematics and stress evolution of the 2010-2013 Canterbury earthquake sequence, South Island, New Zealand SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE South Island, New Zealand; Intraplate seismicity; Regional moment tensors; Earthquake; Kinematics; Stress evolution ID DARFIELD CANTERBURY; FAULT SLIP; CHRISTCHURCH; DEFORMATION; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; MODELS; FIELD; AREA AB On September 3, 2010, a M-w 7.0 (U.S. Geological Survey moment magnitude) earthquake ruptured across the Canterbury Plains in South Island, New Zealand. Since then, New Zealand GNS Science has recorded over 10,000 aftershocks M-L 2.0 and larger, including three destructive similar to M-w 6.0 earthquakes near Christchurch. We treat the Canterbury earthquake sequence as an intraplate earthquake sequence, and compare its kinematics to an Andersonian model for fault slip in a uniform stress field. We determined moment magnitudes and double couple solutions for 150 earthquakes having M-w 3.7 and larger through the use of a waveform inversion technique using data from broadband seismic stations on South Island, New Zealand. The majority (126) of these double couple solutions have strike-slip focal mechanisms, with right-lateral slip on ENE fault planes or equivalently left-lateral slip on SSE fault planes. The remaining focal mechanisms indicate reverse faulting, except for two normal faulting events. The strike-slip segments have compatible orientations for slip in a stress field with a horizontal sigma(1) oriented similar to N115 degrees E, and horizontal sigma(3). The preference for right lateral strike-slip earthquakes suggests that these structures are inherited from previous stages of deformation. Reverse slip is interpreted to have occurred on previously existing structures in regions with an absence of existing structures optimally oriented for strike-slip deformation. Despite the variations in slip direction and faulting style, most aftershocks had nearly the same P-axis orientation, consistent with the regional sigma(1). There is no evidence for significant changes in these stress orientations throughout the Canterbury earthquake sequence. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Herman, Matthew W.; Furlong, Kevin P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Herrmann, Robert B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Benz, Harley M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Herman, MW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. EM mwh5316@psu.edu; rbh@eas.slu.edu; benz@usgs.gov; kpf1@psu.edu OI Herman, Matthew/0000-0003-4684-9459 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [G12AP20031]; EQC; GNS Science; LINZ FX This work was supported by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program award #G12AP20031 (The Intraplate Earthquake Cycle: Strain and Displacement Behavior During the Canterbury, NZ Earthquake Sequence). Seismic data were obtained from the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors EQC, GNS Science and LINZ. Many of the figures in this manuscript were created using the Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith, 1991). We thank R. Williams, O. Boyd, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews that helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 633 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.019 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU7YP UT WOS:000345814500001 ER PT J AU Smith, KS Ranville, JF Lesher, EK Diedrich, DJ McKnight, DM Sofield, RM AF Smith, Kathleen S. Ranville, James F. Lesher, Emily K. Diedrich, Daniel J. McKnight, Diane M. Sofield, Ruth M. TI Fractionation of Fulvic Acid by Iron and Aluminum Oxides-Influence on Copper Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH GILLS; WATER CHEMISTRY; FATHEAD MINNOWS AB This study examines the effect on aquatic copper toxicity of the chemical fractionation of fulvic acid (FA) that results from its association with iron and aluminum oxyhydroxide precipitates. Fractionated and unfractionated FAs obtained from streamwater and suspended sediment were utilized in acute Cu toxicity tests on Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity test results with equal FA concentrations (6 mg FA/L) show that the fractionated dissolved FA was 3 times less effective at reducing Cu toxicity (EC50 13 +/- 0.6 mu g Cu/L) than were the unfractionated dissolved FAs (EC50 39 +/- 0.4 and 41 +/- 1.2 mu g Cu/L). The fractionation is a consequence of preferential sorption of molecules having strong metal-binding (more aromatic) moieties to precipitating Fe- and Al-rich oxyhydroxides, causing the remaining dissolved FA to be depleted in these functional groups. As a result, there is more bioavailable dissolved Cu in the water and hence greater potential for Cu toxicity to aquatic organisms. In predicting Cu toxicity, biotic ligand models (BLMs) take into account dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration; however, unless DOC characteristics are accounted for, model predictions can underestimate acute Cu toxicity for water containing fractionated dissolved FA. This may have implications for water-quality criteria in systems containing Fe- and Al-rich sediment, and in mined and mineralized areas in particular. Optical measurements, such as specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), show promise for use as spectral indicators of DOC chemical fractionation and inferred increased Cu toxicity. C1 [Smith, Kathleen S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lesher, Emily K.] St Josephs Coll Maine, Dept Nat Sci, Standish, ME 04084 USA. [Diedrich, Daniel J.] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 87131 USA. [Sofield, Ruth M.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046 MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ksmith@usgs.gov; jranvill@mines.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program [R 82951501-0, R 82950001] FX Funding for this study was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program (Grants R 82951501-0 and R 82950001). We thank Ellie Marie Traudt (Colorado School of Mines) for her help with OriginPro software. Comments from Laurie Balistrieri (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 20 BP 11934 EP 11943 DI 10.1021/es502243m PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5RJ UT WOS:000343640900024 PM 25289694 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Gorresen, PM Hein, CD Schirmacher, MR Diehl, RH Huso, MM Hayman, DTS Fricker, PD Bonaccorso, FJ Johnson, DH Heist, K Dalton, DC AF Cryan, Paul. M. Gorresen, P. Marcos Hein, Cris D. Schirmacher, Michael R. Diehl, Robert H. Huso, Manuela M. Hayman, David T. S. Fricker, Paul D. Bonaccorso, Frank J. Johnson, Douglas H. Heist, Kevin Dalton, David C. TI Behavior of bats at wind turbines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE energy development; sensory perception; video surveillance; wildlife; wind energy ID TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; ENERGY FACILITIES; LASIURUS-CINEREUS; FLYING INSECTS; HIGH-ALTITUDE; FATALITIES; MORTALITY; ORIENTATION; HYPOTHESES; MIGRATION AB Wind turbines are causing unprecedented numbers of bat fatalities. Many fatalities involve tree-roosting bats, but reasons for this higher susceptibility remain unknown. To better understand behaviors associated with risk, we monitored bats at three experimentally manipulated wind turbines in Indiana, United States, from July 29 to October 1, 2012, using thermal cameras and other methods. We observed bats on 993 occasions and saw many behaviors, including close approaches, flight loops and dives, hovering, and chases. Most bats altered course toward turbines during observation. Based on these new observations, we tested the hypotheses that wind speed and blade rotation speed influenced the way that bats interacted with turbines. We found that bats were detected more frequently at lower wind speeds and typically approached turbines on the leeward ( downwind) side. The proportion of leeward approaches increased with wind speed when blades were prevented from turning, yet decreased when blades could turn. Bats were observed more frequently at turbines on moonlit nights. Taken together, these observations suggest that bats may orient toward turbines by sensing air currents and using vision, and that air turbulence caused by fast-moving blades creates conditions that are less attractive to bats passing in close proximity. Tree bats may respond to streams of air flowing downwind from trees at night while searching for roosts, conspecifics, and nocturnal insect prey that could accumulate in such flows. Fatalities of tree bats at turbines may be the consequence of behaviors that evolved to provide selective advantages when elicited by tall trees, but are now maladaptive when elicited by wind turbines. C1 [Cryan, Paul. M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Hein, Cris D.; Schirmacher, Michael R.] Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78716 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] USGS, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Huso, Manuela M.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Hayman, David T. S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hayman, David T. S.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fricker, Paul D.] MathWorks Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Bonaccorso, Frank J.] USGS, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] USGS, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Heist, Kevin] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dalton, David C.] Wildlife Engn, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU Fowler Ridge Wind Farm; US Geological Survey; Bat Conservation International; David H. Smith Fellowship from the Cedar Tree Foundation; Society of Conservation Biology FX We thank C. Willis and two anonymous reviewers for helpful input on earlier drafts of the manuscript; B. Gunderman, B. Gibson, S. Tompkins, C. Newton, C. Wehkamp, R. Linzner, K. Sowers, K. Owens, J. Richards, and the Remote Operations Center Staff for giving us the opportunity to do this research at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm and for helping with the daily logistics of working at the site; S. Pruitt, L. Pruitt, and T. J. Miller of the US Fish and Wildlife Service provided helpful guidance when we were designing the study; and the field crew and analysis technicians, without whom none of this would have been possible: J. Foster, E. Anstedt, C. Wilkins, K. Scherr, J. Wagner, L. Smith, R. Price, and J. Johnson. This study was supported in part by the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm; the US Geological Survey; Bat Conservation International; and a David H. Smith Fellowship from the Cedar Tree Foundation and Society of Conservation Biology (to D.T.S.H.). NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 13 U2 107 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 42 BP 15126 EP 15131 DI 10.1073/pnas.1406672111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR0YN UT WOS:000343302600050 PM 25267628 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Lyons, JJ Andrews, BJ Lees, JM AF Johnson, Jeffrey B. Lyons, J. J. Andrews, B. J. Lees, J. M. TI Explosive dome eruptions modulated by periodic gas-driven inflation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; SANTIAGUITO VOLCANO; LAVA DOME; GUATEMALA; MONTSERRAT; BEHAVIOR; TILT AB Volcan Santiaguito (Guatemala) "breathes" with extraordinary regularity as the edifice's conduit system accumulates free gas, which periodically vents to the atmosphere. Periodic pressurization controls explosion timing, which nearly always occurs at peak inflation, as detected with tiltmeters. Tilt cycles in January 2012 reveal regular 26 +/- 6 min inflation/deflation cycles corresponding to at least similar to 10(1) kg/s of gas fluxing the system. Very long period (VLP) earthquakes presage explosions and occur during cycles when inflation rates are most rapid. VLPs locate similar to 300 m below the vent and indicate mobilization of volatiles, which ascend at similar to 50 m/s. Rapid gas ascent feeds pyroclast-laden eruptions lasting several minutes and rising to similar to 1 km. VLPs are not observed during less rapid inflation episodes; instead, gas vents passively through the conduit producing no infrasound and no explosion. These observations intimate that steady gas exsolution and accumulation in shallow reservoirs may drive inflation cycles at open-vent silicic volcanoes. C1 [Johnson, Jeffrey B.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Lyons, J. J.] USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Andrews, B. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Lees, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM jeffreybjohnson@boisestate.edu FU INSIVUMEH; Policia Nacional Civil de Guatemala; Instituto Guatemalteco de Turismo; National Science Foundation [EAR 0838562]; Smithsonian Natural History Museum Small Grant FX We thank INSIVUMEH, the Policia Nacional Civil de Guatemala, and the Instituto Guatemalteco de Turismo for support. Fieldwork was carried out with support from Armando Pineda and Jake Anderson. The project was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (EAR 0838562) and a Smithsonian Natural History Museum Small Grant. We thank IRIS PASSCAL for hardware support. Santiaguito seismic data are available from the IRIS DMC. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6689 EP 6697 DI 10.1002/2014GL061310 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800020 ER PT J AU von Huene, R Kirby, S Miller, J Dartnell, P AF von Huene, Roland Kirby, Stephen Miller, John Dartnell, Peter TI The destructive 1946 Unimak near-field tsunami: New evidence for a submarine slide source from reprocessed marine geophysical data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALEUTIAN TSUNAMI; EARTHQUAKE; ARC AB The M-w 8.6 earthquake in 1946 off the Pacific shore of Unimak Island at the end of the Alaska Peninsula generated a far-field tsunami that crossed the Pacific to Antarctica. Its tsunami magnitude, 9.3, is comparable to the 9.1 magnitude of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. On Unimak Island's Pacific shore, a runup of 42 m destroyed the lighthouse at Scotch Cap. Elsewhere, localized tsunamis with such high runups have been interpreted as caused by large submarine landslides. However, previous to this study, no landslide large enough to generate this runup was found in the area that is limited by the time interval between earthquake shaking and tsunami inundation at Scotch Cap. Reworking of a seismic reflection transect and colocated multibeam bathymetric surveys reveal a landslide block that may explain the 1946 high runup. It is seaward of Scotch Cap on the midslope terrace and within the time-limited area. C1 [von Huene, Roland; Kirby, Stephen] US Geol Survey Emeritus, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Miller, John] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP von Huene, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey Emeritus, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rhuene@mindspring.com NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6811 EP 6818 DI 10.1002/2014GL061759 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800036 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI Spatial and temporal patterns in conterminous United States streamflow characteristics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; NEW-ENGLAND; EL-NINO; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; PACIFIC AB Spatial and temporal patterns in annual and seasonal minimum, mean, and maximum daily streamflow values were examined for a set of 516 reference stream gauges located throughout the conterminous United States for the period 1951-2009. Cluster analysis was used to classify the stream gauges into 14 groups based on similarity in their temporal patterns of streamflow. The results indicated that the temporal patterns in flowmetrics (1) have strong spatial coherence within each region, (2) are similar among the three annual flow metrics and the four seasonal flow metrics within each region, (3) indicate some small magnitude trends over time, and (4) are only weakly associated with well-known climate indices. We conclude that most of the temporal variability in flow is unpredictable in terms of relations to climate indices and infer that, for the most part, future changes in flow characteristics cannot be predicted by these indices. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6889 EP 6897 DI 10.1002/2014GL061980 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800046 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Dubey, JP Baroch, JA Swafford, SR Fournet, VF Hawkins-Cooper, D Pyburn, DG Schmit, BS Gamble, HR Pedersen, K Ferreira, LR Verma, SK Ying, Y Kwok, OCH Feidas, H Theodoropoulos, G AF Hill, D. E. Dubey, J. P. Baroch, J. A. Swafford, S. R. Fournet, V. F. Hawkins-Cooper, D. Pyburn, D. G. Schmit, B. S. Gamble, H. R. Pedersen, K. Ferreira, L. R. Verma, S. K. Ying, Y. Kwok, O. C. H. Feidas, H. Theodoropoulos, G. TI Surveillance of feral swine for Trichinella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in the USA and host-related factors associated with infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feral swine; Geographic distribution; Risk factors; Spatial scan statistic; Toxoplasma gondii; Trichinella ID BOARS SUS-SCROFA; DOMESTIC PIGS; WILD BOARS; SCAVENGING MAMMALS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; HIGH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; FROZEN PORK; SEROPREVALENCE AB Trichinella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are important zoonotic parasites that infect warm blooded animals and humans worldwide. Among domesticated food animals, pigs are the main host for Trichinella spiralis. Pigs, chickens, sheep, and goats are known to be infected with T. gondii at varying rates, depending on husbandry. Infections in wildlife with these parasites are generally higher than in domesticated species. Feral swine act as reservoirs of infection in the sylvatic ecosystem for Trichinella spp. and T. gondii, acting as sources of infection for peridomestic carnivores whose home ranges overlap with domestic pigs. Feral swine can have direct contact with non-biosecure domestic pigs, presenting opportunity for direct disease transmission through cannibalistic behavior. Determination of the prevalence of Trichinella spp. and T. gondii infection in feral swine is needed to understand the risk of transmission of these parasites to domestic pigs. A cross-sectional serological survey was conducted between 2006 and 2010 to estimate the antibody prevalence of Trichinella spp. and T. gondii and risk factors associated with infection in feral swine in the USA. Serum samples were tested from 3247 feral pigs from 32 states; results are reported from 26 states. Maximum entropy ecological niche modeling and spatial scan statistic were utilized to predict the geographic range and to examine clusters of infection of Trichinella spp. and T. gondii in feral pigs. The seroprevalence of antibodies to Trichinella spp. and T. gondii was 3.0% and 17.7%, respectively. Species distribution modeling indicated that the most probable distribution areas for both parasites was similar, concentrated primarily in the South and the Midwest regions of the USA. A follow up survey conducted during 2012-2013 revealed that 2.9% of 984 sampled feral swine were seropositive for Trichinella spp., and 28.4% were seropositive for T. gondii. Three hundred and thirty (330) tongues were collected from the 984 sampled animals during 2012-2013; 1.81% were tissue positive for T. spiralis muscle larvae; no other genotypes were found. The potential exists for introduction of these pathogens into domestic herds of non-biosecure domestic pigs as a result of increasing overlap of the range of feral pigs with non-biosecure domestic pigs production facilities in the USA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hill, D. E.; Dubey, J. P.; Fournet, V. F.; Hawkins-Cooper, D.; Pedersen, K.; Ferreira, L. R.; Verma, S. K.; Ying, Y.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Baroch, J. A.; Schmit, B. S.; Pedersen, K.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Swafford, S. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS 38748 USA. [Pyburn, D. G.] Natl Pork Board, Clive, IA 50325 USA. [Gamble, H. R.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Feidas, H.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Geol, Dept Meteorol & Climatol, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Theodoropoulos, G.] Agr Univ Athens, Dept Anat & Physiol Farm Anim, GR-11855 Athens, Greece. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dolores.hill@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board, Des Moines, Iowa [08-216] FX This work was funded in part by grant # 08-216 from the National Pork Board, Des Moines, Iowa. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 205 IS 3-4 BP 653 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.026 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA AS7GN UT WOS:000344425200030 PM 25182211 ER PT J AU Landwehr, JM Coplen, TB Stewart, DW AF Landwehr, Jurate M. Coplen, Tyler B. Stewart, David W. TI Spatial, seasonal, and source variability in the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters throughout the USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE tap water; stable isotopic composition; hydrogen isotopes; oxygen isotopes; water supply source; hydrologic units ID METEORIC PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; RATIOS; HAIR; DELTA-O-18; TRENDS; O-18 AB To assess spatial, seasonal, and source variability in stable isotopic composition of human drinking waters throughout the entire USA, we have constructed a database of O-18 and H-2 of US tap waters. An additional purpose was to create a publicly available dataset useful for evaluating the forensic applicability of these isotopes for human tissue source geolocation. Samples were obtained at 349 sites, from diverse population centres, grouped by surface hydrologic units for regional comparisons. Samples were taken concurrently during two contrasting seasons, summer and winter. Source supply (surface, groundwater, mixed, and cistern) and system (public and private) types were noted. The isotopic composition of tap waters exhibits large spatial and regional variation within each season as well as significant at-site differences between seasons at many locations, consistent with patterns found in environmental (river and precipitation) waters deriving from hydrologic processes influenced by geographic factors. However, anthropogenic factors, such as the population of a tap's surrounding community and local availability from diverse sources, also influence the isotopic composition of tap waters. Even within a locale as small as a single metropolitan area, tap waters with greatly differing isotopic compositions can be found, so that tap water within a region may not exhibit the spatial or temporal coherence predicted for environmental water. Such heterogeneities can be confounding factors when attempting forensic inference of source water location, and they underscore the necessity of measurements, not just predictions, with which to characterize the isotopic composition of regional tap waters. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Landwehr, Jurate M.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Stewart, David W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landwehr, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jurate.landwehr@gmail.com FU National Research Program of the US Geological Survey; USGS Office of Science Education through the NAGT-USGS Cooperative Summer Field Training Program FX Comments by Daniel Doctor and Jurian Hoogewerff and two anonymous journal reviewers were greatly appreciated, as was information about Alaska HUCs from Michael Ierardi. The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey. We also acknowledge financial support from the USGS Office of Science Education through the NAGT-USGS Cooperative Summer Field Training Program for employing two summer interns, Omar Davis and Katherine Pecsok. The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and good humour of all 349 plus sampling volunteers nationwide who were willing to 'turn on the tap for the USGS' and provided the raw materials for this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA. Government. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 21 BP 5382 EP 5422 DI 10.1002/hyp.10004 PG 41 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AQ3EA UT WOS:000342670900006 ER PT J AU Ault, TR Cole, JE Overpeck, JT Pederson, GT Meko, DM AF Ault, Toby R. Cole, Julia E. Overpeck, Jonathan T. Pederson, Gregory T. Meko, David M. TI Assessing the Risk of Persistent Drought Using Climate Model Simulations and Paleoclimate Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; LAST MILLENNIUM; SEVERITY INDEX; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; MEGADROUGHTS; RESPONSES; RAINFALL AB Projected changes in global rainfall patterns will likely alter water supplies and ecosystems in semiarid regions during the coming century. Instrumental and paleoclimate data indicate that natural hydroclimate fluctuations tend to be more energetic at low (multidecadal to multicentury) than at high (interannual) frequencies. State-of-the-art global climate models do not capture this characteristic of hydroclimate variability, suggesting that the models underestimate the risk of future persistent droughts. Methods are developed here for assessing the risk of such events in the coming century using climate model projections as well as observational (paleoclimate) information. Where instrumental and paleoclimate data are reliable, these methods may provide a more complete view of prolonged drought risk. In the U.S. Southwest, for instance, state-of-the-art climate model projections suggest the risk of a decade-scale megadrought in the coming century is less than 50%; the analysis herein suggests that the risk is at least 80%, and may be higher than 90% in certain areas. The likelihood of longer-lived events (>35 yr) is between 20% and 50%, and the risk of an unprecedented 50-yr megadrought is nonnegligible under the most severe warming scenario (5%-10%). These findings are important to consider as adaptation and mitigation strategies are developed to cope with regional impacts of climate change, where population growth is high and multidecadal megadrought worse than anything seen during the last 2000 years would pose unprecedented challenges to water resources in the region. C1 [Ault, Toby R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cole, Julia E.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cole, Julia E.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. [Meko, David M.] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Ault, TR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM toby.ault@cornell.edu FU NSF [P2C2 (0903093)]; NCAR-ASP; NOAA CCDD [NA07OAR4310054]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NSF EaSM2 Grant [1243125] FX We thank Steve Gray, Jeff Lukas, Connie Woodhouse, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for assistance, and we appreciate the helpful reviews we received from Joellen Russell and Scott St. George. We are also grateful for the extensive insight and feedback we received from an anonymous reviewer. This project was supported in part by NSF graduate and NCAR-ASP postdoctoral fellowships to T. Ault, NOAA CCDD (NA07OAR4310054), NSF P2C2 (0903093) support for J. Cole, and NOAA Climate Program Office support for CLIMAS (J. Overpeck), as well as NSF EaSM2 Grant (1243125) to Cole and Overpeck. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 11 U2 68 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 20 BP 7529 EP 7549 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00282.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ5YB UT WOS:000342883400001 ER PT J AU Hammerschmidt, CR Gustin, MS Bennett, J AF Hammerschmidt, Chad R. Gustin, Mae Sexauer Bennett, Jim TI Mercury biogeochemical cycling and processes: implications for human and ecosystem health SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hammerschmidt, Chad R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gustin, Mae Sexauer] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bennett, Jim] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. [Bennett, Jim] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, MS 186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu RI Hammerschmidt, Chad/M-3139-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 496 BP 635 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.081 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP7GK UT WOS:000342245600067 PM 25115606 ER PT J AU Stotts, S O'Neal, M Pizzuto, J Hupp, C AF Stotts, Stephanie O'Neal, Michael Pizzuto, James Hupp, Cliff TI Exposed tree root analysis as a dendrogeomorphic approach to estimating bank retreat at the South River, Virginia SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendrogeomorhpology; Bank erosion; Exposed tree roots; Tree rings; Wood anatomy ID ANATOMICAL CHANGES; EROSION RATES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CHANNEL CHANGE; EXAMPLE; STREAMBANKS; DYNAMICS; COLORADO; PLATEAU; POLAND AB We use a biometric approach based on anatomical changes in the wood of exposed tree roots to quantify river-bank erosion along South River, Virginia, a site where commonly applied techniques for determining bank erosion rates are either not appropriate because of the required spatial scale of analysis (i.e., erosion pins, traditional surveys, LiDAR analysis) or have failed to detect obvious erosion (i.e., photogrammetric techniques). We sampled 73 exposed roots from 22 study reaches and identified the year of exposure macroscopically (2 to 20 times magnification) and microscopically (20 to 100 times magnification), comparing the estimated erosion rates between levels of magnification and to those obtained with photogrammetric techniques. We found no statistical differences between the results of macroscopic and microscopic analyses (t-test, alpha = 0.01) but encountered difficulty in identifying the year of root exhumation in some samples. When comparing exposed root analysis to photogrammetric techniques, the results indicate that the exposed root approach is a feasible and effective method for estimating annual- to decadal-scale bank erosion. In addition to producing erosion rates statistically indistinguishable from photogrammetric techniques at sites with erosion rates large enough for detection using historical aerial photographs (regression analysis and t-test, alpha = 0.01), exposed root analysis was able to estimate erosion rates at sites where photogrammetric techniques failed. We also identify deciduous species well suited for this approach (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and others that prove more problematic (e.g., Acer negundo, Celtis occidentalis, Acer saccharinum). This study is significant because it describes a robust tool that provides insights into annual- to decadal-scale erosion where other commonly applied techniques may not be appropriate or easily applied. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stotts, Stephanie] Wesley Coll, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [O'Neal, Michael; Pizzuto, James] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hupp, Cliff] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stotts, S (reprint author), Wesley Coll, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM Stephanie.Stotts@wesley.edu RI O'Neal, Michael/K-1822-2015 OI O'Neal, Michael/0000-0002-6696-0106 NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 223 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.012 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AO6SD UT WOS:000341480900002 ER PT J AU Lorenz, JM Tarbox, L Buck, B Qi, HP Coplen, TB AF Lorenz, Jennifer M. Tarbox, Lauren Buck, Bryan Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. TI Biscayne aquifer drinking water (USGS45): A new isotopic reference material for delta H-2 and delta(18)dO measurements of water SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; GAS AB RATIONALE: As a result of the scarcity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution has been prepared from drinking water collected from the Biscayne aquifer in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. METHODS: This isotopic reference water was filtered, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This reference material is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing either 4 mL or 5 mL of water in each ampoule. RESULTS: The delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of this reference material are -10.3 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand and -2.238 +/- 0.011 parts per thousand, respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalized such that the delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, -428 and -55.5 parts per thousand. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U= 2u(c)) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95 % probability of encompassing the true value. CONCLUSIONS: This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS45, is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope-ratiomass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Lorenz, Jennifer M.; Tarbox, Lauren; Buck, Bryan; Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lorenz, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlorenz@usgs.gov OI Lorenz, Jennifer/0000-0002-5826-7264 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX Great appreciation is given to Adam Foster (U. S. Geological Survey) for collecting the drinking water from the Biscayne aquifer in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. We thank Christine Mukwaya (Ministry of Water and Environment, Entebbe, Uganda) and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved this article. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this article possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 19 BP 2031 EP 2034 DI 10.1002/rcm.6988 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AO2XW UT WOS:000341192200001 PM 25156591 ER PT J AU Haase, KB Busenberg, E Plummer, LN Casile, G Sanford, WE AF Haase, Karl B. Busenberg, Eurybiades Plummer, L. Niel Casile, Gerolamo Sanford, Ward E. TI Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: Implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater age; Hydrofluorocarbon; Hydrochlorofluorocarbon; Atomic emission detector; Greenhouse gas ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE HCFC-22; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; EXCESS AIR; SEAWATER AB A new analytical method using gas chromatography with an atomic emission detector (GC-AED) was developed for measurement of ambient concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in soil, air, and groundwater, with the goal of determining their utility as groundwater age tracers. The analytical detection limits of HCFC-22 (difluorochloromethane, CHClF2) and HFC-134a (1,2,2,2 tetrafluoroethane, C2H2F4) in 1 L groundwater samples are 4.3 x 10(-1) and 2.1 x 10(-1) pmol kg(-1), respectively, corresponding to equilibrium gas-phase mixing ratios of approximately 5-6 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). Under optimal conditions, post-1960 (HCFC-22) and post-1995 (HFC-134a) recharge could be identified using these tracers in stable, unmixed groundwater samples. Ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a were measured in 50 groundwater samples from 27 locations in northern and western parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina (USA), and 3 unsaturated-zone profiles were collected in northern Virginia. Mixing ratios of both HCFC-22 and HFC-134a decrease with depth in unsaturated-zone gas profiles with an accompanying increase in CO2 and loss of O-2. Apparently, ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are readily consumed by methanotrophic bacteria under aerobic conditions in the unsaturated zone. The results of this study indicate that soils are a sink for these two greenhouse gases. These observations contradict the previously reported results from microcosm experiments that found that degradation was limited above-ambient HFC-134a. The groundwater HFC and HCFC concentrations were compared with concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Nearly all samples had measured HCFC 22 or HFC-134a that were below concentrations predicted by the CFCs and SF6, with many samples showing a complete loss of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a. This study indicates that HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are not conservative as environmental tracers and leaves in question the usefulness of other HCFCs and HFCs as candidate age tracers. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Haase, Karl B.; Busenberg, Eurybiades; Plummer, L. Niel; Casile, Gerolamo; Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Haase, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 432,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM khaase@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 FU USGS Water Mission Area National Research Program FX Special thanks to Charles Culbertson and Sarah Flanagan of the USGS for collecting groundwater samples in conjunction with NAWQA cycle III. This work was funded by the USGS Water Mission Area National Research Program. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 385 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU2IH UT WOS:000345440900011 ER PT J AU Jiang, J DeAngelis, DL Zhang, B Cohen, JE AF Jiang, Jiang DeAngelis, Donald L. Zhang, Bo Cohen, Joel E. TI Population age and initial density in a patchy environment affect the occurrence of abrupt transitions in a birth-and-death model of Taylor's law SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Taylor's law; Power law; Regime shift; Demography stochastic; Fluctuation scaling; Leading indicators ID POWER-LAW; VARIANCE; DYNAMICS; SLOPE AB Taylor's power law describes an empirical relationship between the mean and variance of population densities in field data, in which the variance varies as a power, b, of the mean. Most studies report values of b varying between 1 and 2. However, Cohen (2014a) showed recently that smooth changes in environmental conditions in a model can lead to an abrupt, infinite change in b. To understand what factors can influence the occurrence of an abrupt change in b, we used both mathematical analysis and Monte Carlo samples from a model in which populations of the same species settled on patches, and each population followed independently a stochastic linear birth-and-death process. We investigated how the power relationship responds to a smooth change of population growth rate, under different sampling strategies, initial population density, and population age. We showed analytically that, if the initial populations differ only in density, and samples are taken from all patches after the same time period following a major invasion event, Taylor's law holds with exponent b = 1, regardless of the population growth rate. If samples are taken at different times from patches that have the same initial population densities, we calculate an abrupt shift of b, as predicted by Cohen (2014a). The loss of linearity between log variance and log mean is a leading indicator of the abrupt shift. If both initial population densities and population ages vary among patches, estimates of b lie between 1 and 2, as in most empirical studies. But the value of b declines to similar to 1 as the system approaches a critical point. Our results can inform empirical studies that might be designed to demonstrate an abrupt shift in Taylor's law. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Jiang] Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Zhang, Bo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Cohen, Joel E.] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Populat, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Cohen, Joel E.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jjiang@nimbios.org RI Jiang, Jiang/H-1080-2012 OI Jiang, Jiang/0000-0001-5058-8664 FU NSF [EF-0832858]; FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center - USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; U.S. National Science Foundation [EF-1038337, DMS-1225529] FX J.J. was supported as Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NSF Award #EF-0832858). D.L.D. was partially supported by the FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center, funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. J.E.C. was partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants EF-1038337 and DMS-1225529 and thanks Priscilla K. Rogerson for assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 289 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.022 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP0IR UT WOS:000341745200006 ER PT J AU Hatten, JR AF Hatten, James R. TI Mapping and monitoring Mount Graham red squirrel habitat with Lidar and Landsat imagery SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE GIS; Habitat suitability; Endemic; Population dynamics; Endangered ID TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS-GRAHAMENSIS; SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW FLYCATCHER; POPULATION; REGRESSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB The Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) is an endemic subspecies located in the Pinaleflo Mountains of southeast Arizona. Living in a conifer forest on a sky-island surrounded by desert, the Mount Graham red squirrel is one of the rarest mammals in North America. Over the last two decades, drought, insect infestations, and fire destroyed much of its habitat. A federal recovery team is working on a plan to recover the squirrel and detailed information is necessary on its habitat requirements and population dynamics. Toward that goal I developed and compared three probabilistic models of Mount Graham red squirrel habitat with a geographic information system and logistic regression. Each model contained the same topographic variables (slope, aspect, elevation), but the Landsat model contained a greenness variable (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) extracted from Landsat, the Lidar model contained three forest-inventory variables extracted from lidar, while the Hybrid model contained Landsat and lidar variables. The Hybrid model produced the best habitat classification accuracy, followed by the Landsat and Lidar models, respectively. Landsat-derived forest greenness was the best predictor of habitat, followed by topographic (elevation, slope, aspect) and lidar (tree height, canopy bulk density, and live basal area) variables, respectively. The Landsat model's probabilities were significantly correlated with all 12 lidar variables, indicating its utility for habitat mapping. While the Hybrid model produced the best classification results, only the Landsat model was suitable for creating a habitat time series or habitat-population function between 1986 and 2013. The techniques I highlight should prove valuable in the development of Landsat- or lidar-based habitat models range wide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhatten@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, Ecological Services Division FX I thank Marit I. Alanen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, Ecological Services Division, for providing Mount Graham red squirrel data, financial assistance (Science Support dollars), and encouragement in the development and testing of a new MGRS probability model. I thank Thomas R. Batt, USGS (CRRL) for producing the habitat time series video. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 289 BP 106 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.004 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP0IR UT WOS:000341745200011 ER PT J AU George, DL Iverson, RM AF George, David L. Iverson, Richard M. TI A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hyperbolic problems; debris flow; landslide; granular-fluid mixtures ID FINITE-VOLUME METHODS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; RIEMANN SOLVERS; NONCONSERVATIVE PRODUCTS; GRANULAR AVALANCHES; VARIABLE TOPOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION-LAWS; SAINT-VENANT; SCHEMES AB We evaluate a new depth-averaged mathematical model that is designed to simulate all stages of debris-flow motion, from initiation to deposition. A companion paper shows how the model's five governing equations describe simultaneous evolution of flow thickness, solid volume fraction, basal pore-fluid pressure and two components of flow momentum. Each equation contains a source term that represents the influence of state-dependent granular dilatancy. Here, we recapitulate the equations and analyse their eigenstructure to show that they form a hyperbolic system with desirable stability properties. To solve the equations, we use a shock-capturing numerical scheme with adaptive mesh refinement, implemented in an open-source software package we call D-Claw. As tests of D-Claw, we compare model output with results from two sets of large-scale debris-flow experiments. One set focuses on flow initiation from landslides triggered by rising pore-water pressures, and the other focuses on downstream flow dynamics, runout and deposition. D-Claw performs well in predicting evolution of flow speeds, thicknesses and basal pore-fluid pressures measured in each type of experiment. Computational results illustrate the critical role of dilatancy in linking coevolution of the solid volume fraction and pore-fluid pressure, which mediates basal Coulomb friction and thereby regulates debris-flow dynamics. C1 [George, David L.; Iverson, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP George, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dgeorge@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 522 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 8 PY 2014 VL 470 IS 2170 AR 20130820 DI 10.1098/rspa.2013.0820 PG 31 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO0TT UT WOS:000341026000002 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM George, DL AF Iverson, Richard M. George, David L. TI A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE debris flow; dilatancy; modelling ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; PORE-PRESSURE FEEDBACK; FINITE-VOLUME METHODS; FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; LANDSLIDE MOTION; MOUNT-RAINIER; AVALANCHES; STRESS; CONSOLIDATION AB To simulate debris-flow behaviour from initiation to deposition, we derive a depth-averaged, two-phase model that combines concepts of critical-state soil mechanics, grain-flow mechanics and fluid mechanics. The model's balance equations describe coupled evolution of the solid volume fraction, m, basal pore-fluid pressure, flow thickness and two components of flow velocity. Basal friction is evaluated using a generalized Coulomb rule, and fluid motion is evaluated in a frame of reference that translates with the velocity of the granular phase, vs. Source terms in each of the depth-averaged balance equations account for the influence of the granular dilation rate, defined as the depth integral of del. nu(s). Calculation of the dilation rate involves the effects of an elastic compressibility and an inelastic dilatancy angle proportional to m - m(eq), where m(eq) is the value of m in equilibrium with the ambient stress state and flow rate. Normalization of the model equations shows that predicted debris-flow behaviour depends principally on the initial value of m - m(eq) and on the ratio of two fundamental timescales. One of these timescales governs downslope debris-flow motion, and the other governs pore-pressure relaxation that modifies Coulomb friction and regulates evolution of m. A companion paper presents a suite of model predictions and tests. C1 [Iverson, Richard M.; George, David L.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 109 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 475 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 8 PY 2014 VL 470 IS 2170 AR 20130819 DI 10.1098/rspa.2013.0819 PG 31 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO0TT UT WOS:000341026000001 ER PT J AU Stone, WW Gilliom, RJ Ryberg, KR AF Stone, Wesley W. Gilliom, Robert J. Ryberg, Karen R. TI Pesticides in U.S. Streams and Rivers: Occurrence and Trends during 1992-2011 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE m ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; TOXICITY; URBAN; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS C1 [Stone, Wesley W.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ryberg, Karen R.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. RP Stone, WW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM wwstone@usgs.gov RI Ryberg, Karen/E-1871-2016 OI Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11025 EP 11030 DI 10.1021/es5025367 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600004 PM 25209419 ER PT J AU Brittingham, MC Maloney, KO Farag, AM Harper, DD Bowen, ZH AF Brittingham, Margaret C. Maloney, Kelly O. Farag, Aida M. Harper, David D. Bowen, Zachary H. TI Ecological Risks of Shale Oil and Gas Development to Wildlife, Aquatic Resources and their Habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; ROAD DEICING SALT; OVENBIRDS SEIURUS-AUROCAPILLA; CHRONIC ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE; SURFACE-WATER QUALITY; NATURAL-GAS; MARCELLUS SHALE; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER AB Technological advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have led to the exploration and exploitation of shale oil and gas both nationally and internationally. Extensive development of shale resources has occured within the United States over the pase decade, yet full build out is not expected to occur for years. Moreover, countries across the globe have large shale resources and are beginning to explore extraction of these resources. Extraction of shale resources is a multistep process that includes site identification, well pad and infrastructure development, well drilling, high volume hydraulic fracturing and production; each with its own propensity to affect associated ecosystems. Some potential effects, for example from well pad road and pipeline development, will likely be similar to other anthropogenic activities like conventional gas drilling, land clearing, exurban and agricultural development and surface mining (e.g., habitat fragmentation and sedimentation). Therefore, we can use the large body of literature available on the ecological effects of these activities to estimate potential effects from shale development on nearby ecosystems. However, other effects, such as accidental release of wasterwater, are novel to the shale gas extraction process making it harder to predict potential outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge of the effects of high-volume hydraulic fracturing coupled with horizontal drilling on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the contiguous United States, an area that includes 20 shale plays many of which have experienced extensive development over the past decade. We conclude that species and habitats most at risk are ones where there is an extensive overlap between a species range or habitat type and one of the shale plays (leading to high vulnerability) coupled with intrinsic characteristics such as limited range, small population size, specialized habitat requirements, and high sensitivity to disturbance. Examples include core forest habitat and forest specialists, sagebrush habitat and specialists, vernal pond inhabitants and stream biota. We suggest five general areas of research and monitoring that could aid in development of effective guidelines and policies to minimize negative impacts and protect vulnerable species and ecosystems: (1) spatial analyses, (2) species-based modeling, (3) vulnerability assessments, (4) ecoregional assessments, and (5) threshold and toxicity evaluations. C1 [Brittingham, Margaret C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Farag, Aida M.; Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Bowen, Zachary H.] US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Dynam Branch, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brittingham, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mxb21@psu.edu FU National Academy of Sciences FX We thank the National Academy of Sciences for sponsoring the workshop on risks of unconventional shale gas development which formed the basis for this manuscript. We thank L. Langlois for assistance with figures. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 147 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 31 U2 258 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11034 EP 11047 DI 10.1021/es5020482 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600006 PM 25188826 ER PT J AU Swindle, AL Madden, ASE Cozzarelli, IM Benamara, M AF Swindle, Andrew L. Madden, Andrew S. Elwood Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Benamara, Mourad TI Size-Dependent Reactivity of Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Field-Laboratory Comparison SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PARTICLE-SIZE; NATURAL-WATERS; HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES; MINERAL NANOPARTICLES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; DISSOLUTION RATES; LANDFILL-LEACHATE; AGGREGATION STATE; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Logistic challenges make direct comparisons between laboratory- and field-based investigations into the size-dependent reactivity of nanomaterials difficult. This investigation sought to compare the size-dependent reactivity of nanoparticles in a field setting to a laboratory analog using the specific example of magnetite dissolution. Synthetic magnetite nanoparticles of three size intervals, similar to 6 nm, similar to 44 nm, and similar to 90 nm were emplaced in the subsurface of the USGS research site at the Norman Landfill for up to 30 days using custom-made subsurface nanoparticle holders. Laboratory analog dissolution experiments were conducted using synthetic groundwater. Reaction products were analyzed via TEM and SEM and compared to initial particle characterizations. Field results indicated that an organic coating developed on the particle surfaces largely inhibiting reactivity. Limited dissolution occurred, with the amount of dissolution decreasing as particle size decreased. Conversely, the laboratory analogs without organics revealed greater dissolution of the smaller particles. These results showed that the presence of dissolved organics led to a nearly complete reversal in the size-dependent reactivity trends displayed between the field and laboratory experiments indicating that size-dependent trends observed in laboratory investigations may not be relevant in organic-rich natural systems. C1 [Swindle, Andrew L.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Geol, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Madden, Andrew S. Elwood] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Benamara, Mourad] Univ Arkansas, Nanobio Mat Characterizat Facil, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Swindle, AL (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Geol, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM andrew.swindle@wichita.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge USGS scientists Jeanne Jaeschke for analytical support along with Jason Masoner and Kevin Smith for field support. This research was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS National Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11413 EP 11420 DI 10.1021/es500172p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600050 PM 25203482 ER PT J AU Yost, EE Meyer, MT Dietze, JE Williams, CM Worley-Davis, L Lee, B Kullman, SW AF Yost, Erin E. Meyer, Michael T. Dietze, Julie E. Williams, C. Michael Worley-Davis, Lynn Lee, Boknam Kullman, Seth W. TI Transport of Steroid Hormones, Phytoestrogens, and Estrogenic Activity across a Swine Lagoon/Sprayfield System SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TREATMENT PLANTS; ESTRONE SULFATE; SEX-HORMONES; MANURE; FATE; TESTOSTERONE; STREAMS AB The inflow, transformation, and attenuation of natural steroid hormones and phytoestrogens and estrogenic activity were assessed across the lagoon/sprayfield system of a prototypical commercial swine sow operation. Free and conjugated steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) were detected in urine and feces of sows across reproductive stages, with progesterone being the most abundant steroid hormone. Excreta also contained phytoestrogens indicative of a soy-based diet, particularly, daidzein, genistein, and equol. During storage in barn pits and the anaerobic lagoon, conjugated hormones dissipated, and androgens and progesterone were attenuated. Estrone and equol persisted along the waste disposal route. Following application of lagoon slurry to agricultural soils, all analytes exhibited attenuation within 2 days. However, analytes including estrone, androstenedione, progesterone, and equol remained detectable in soil at 2 months postapplication. Estrogenic activity in the yeast estrogen screen and T47D-KBluc in vitro bioassays generally tracked well with analyte concentrations. Estrone was found to be the greatest contributor to estrogenic activity across all sample types. This investigation encompasses the most comprehensive suite of natural hormone and phytoestrogen analytes examined to date across a livestock lagoon/sprayfield and provides global insight into the fate of these analytes in this widely used waste management system. C1 [Yost, Erin E.; Kullman, Seth W.] N Carolina State Univ, Program Environm & Mol Toxicol, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.; Dietze, Julie E.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. [Williams, C. Michael; Worley-Davis, Lynn] N Carolina State Univ, Prestage Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, Boknam] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kullman, SW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Program Environm & Mol Toxicol, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM swkullma@ncsu.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Dietze, Julie/0000-0002-5936-5739 FU EPA STAR grant [R833420]; EPA STAIR fellowship [FP917151]; NIEHS training grant [T32-ES007046] FX Funding was supplied by EPA STAR grant R833420, EPA STAIR fellowship FP917151, and NIEHS training grant T32-ES007046. Analytical support for this project was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank the owners of the field site as well as Mark Rice (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, NCSU), for field sampling coordination, and Dr. David Reif and Siamek Mahmoudiandehkordi (Department of Statistics, NCSU), for graphical consulting. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 19 BP 11600 EP 11609 DI 10.1021/es5025806 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ7RJ UT WOS:000343016600073 PM 25148584 ER PT J AU Kellogg, CA Piceno, YM Tom, LM DeSantis, TZ Gray, MA Andersen, GL AF Kellogg, Christina A. Piceno, Yvette M. Tom, Lauren M. DeSantis, Todd Z. Gray, Michael A. Andersen, Gary L. TI Comparing Bacterial Community Composition of Healthy and Dark Spot-Affected Siderastrea siderea in Florida and the Caribbean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; CORAL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; WEST-INDIES; SHIFTS; PATTERNS; DOMINICA; DECLINE; SPREAD AB Coral disease is one of the major causes of reef degradation. Dark Spot Syndrome (DSS) was described in the early 1990's as brown or purple amorphous areas of tissue on a coral and has since become one of the most prevalent diseases reported on Caribbean reefs. It has been identified in a number of coral species, but there is debate as to whether it is in fact the same disease in different corals. Further, it is questioned whether these macroscopic signs are in fact diagnostic of an infectious disease at all. The most commonly affected species in the Caribbean is the massive starlet coral Siderastrea siderea. We sampled this species in two locations, Dry Tortugas National Park and Virgin Islands National Park. Tissue biopsies were collected from both healthy colonies and those with dark spot lesions. Microbial-community DNA was extracted from coral samples (mucus, tissue, and skeleton), amplified using bacterial-specific primers, and applied to PhyloChip G3 microarrays to examine the bacterial diversity associated with this coral. Samples were also screened for the presence of a fungal ribotype that has recently been implicated as a causative agent of DSS in another coral species, but the amplifications were unsuccessful. S. siderea samples did not cluster consistently based on health state (i.e., normal versus dark spot). Various bacteria, including Cyanobacteria and Vibrios, were observed to have increased relative abundance in the discolored tissue, but the patterns were not consistent across all DSS samples. Overall, our findings do not support the hypothesis that DSS in S. siderea is linked to a bacterial pathogen or pathogens. This dataset provides the most comprehensive overview to date of the bacterial community associated with the scleractinian coral S. siderea. C1 [Kellogg, Christina A.; Gray, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Piceno, Yvette M.; Tom, Lauren M.; Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [DeSantis, Todd Z.] Second Genome Inc, San Bruno, CA USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov RI Tom, Lauren/E-9739-2015; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 FU Coral Reef Ecosystems Study (CREST) of the United States Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This project was supported by the Coral Reef Ecosystems Study (CREST) of the United States Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program (http://marine.usgs.gov). A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e108767 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108767 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ4VK UT WOS:000342798000024 PM 25289937 ER PT J AU Spanbauer, TL Allen, CR Angeler, DG Eason, T Fritz, SC Garmestani, AS Nash, KL Stone, JR AF Spanbauer, Trisha L. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Eason, Tarsha Fritz, Sherilyn C. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Nash, Kirsty L. Stone, Jeffery R. TI Prolonged Instability Prior to a Regime Shift SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; FISHER INFORMATION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MULTIDECADAL DROUGHT; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; TIME; RESILIENCE AB Regime shifts are generally defined as the point of 'abrupt' change in the state of a system. However, a seemingly abrupt transition can be the product of a system reorganization that has been ongoing much longer than is evident in statistical analysis of a single component of the system. Using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods, we tested a long-term high-resolution paleoecological dataset with a known change in species assemblage for a regime shift. Analysis of this dataset with Fisher Information and multivariate time series modeling showed that there was a, 2000 year period of instability prior to the regime shift. This period of instability and the subsequent regime shift coincide with regional climate change, indicating that the system is undergoing extrinsic forcing. Paleoecological records offer a unique opportunity to test tools for the detection of thresholds and stable-states, and thus to examine the long-term stability of ecosystems over periods of multiple millennia. C1 [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nash, Kirsty L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Stone, Jeffery R.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Spanbauer, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM tspanbauer@unl.edu RI Nash, Kirsty/B-5456-2015 OI Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program (NSF) [0903469]; Sedimentary Geology & Paleobiology program (NSF) [1251678] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This work was supported in part by the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program (NSF #0903469) and the Sedimentary Geology & Paleobiology program (NSF #1251678). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e108936 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108936 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ3DZ UT WOS:000342670800040 PM 25280010 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB Tarbox, L Lorenz, JM Scholl, M AF Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Tarbox, Lauren Lorenz, Jennifer M. Scholl, Martha TI USGS48 Puerto Rico precipitation - a new isotopic reference material for delta H-2 and delta O-18 measurements of water SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE USGS48; isotope measurements; reference material; oxygen-18; methods and equipment; quality control; isotope hydrology; quality assurance; hydrogen-2 ID RATIO ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; GAS AB A new secondary isotopic reference material has been prepared from Puerto Rico precipitation, which was filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and calibrated by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS48, is intended to be one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen (delta H-2) and stable oxygen (delta O-18) isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. The delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of this reference water are-2.0 +/- 0.4 and-2.224 +/- 0.012 parts per thousand, respectively, relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water on scales normalised such that the delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation reference water are-428 and-55.5 parts per thousand, respectively. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U=2u(c)) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95% probability of encompassing the true value. This isotopic reference water is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing 5mL of water in each ampoule. C1 [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.; Tarbox, Lauren; Lorenz, Jennifer M.; Scholl, Martha] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 EI 1477-2639 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1080/10256016.2014.905555 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU4HQ UT WOS:000345571800003 PM 24735353 ER PT J AU Tavares, VD Gardner, AL Ramirez-Chaves, HE Velazco, PM AF Tavares, Valeria Da C. Gardner, Alfred L. Ramirez-Chaves, Hector E. Velazco, Paul M. TI Systematics of Vampyressa melissa Thomas, 1926 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species of Vampyressa SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID BATS; STENODERMATINAE AB Vampyressa melissa is a poorly known phyllostomid bat listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Since its description in 1926, fewer than 40 V melissa have been reported in the literature, and less than half of these may have been correctly identified. During revisionary studies of Vampyressa, we uncovered two previously unrecognized species related to V melissa, all associated with higher elevation habitats (>1400 m), one from the Andes of Colombia (Vampyressa sinchi, new species) and the other from western Panama (Vampyressa elisabethae, new species) revealing that V melissa, as traditionally defined, is a composite of at least three species. In this paper, we provide a restricted diagnosis for the genus Vampyressa, an emended diagnosis of V melissa, and descriptions of the two new species. The separation of these frugivorous bats, previously identified as V melissa, into three isolated upper-elevation species, each having restricted distributions further highlights their fragile conservation status. C1 [Tavares, Valeria Da C.] INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Tavares, Valeria Da C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Tavares, Valeria Da C.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Gardner, Alfred L.] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist MRC 111, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ramirez-Chaves, Hector E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Weisbecker Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Velazco, Paul M.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Tavares, VD (reprint author), INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RI Ramirez Chaves, Hector Emilio/B-2909-2016; Velazco, Paul/K-4186-2012 OI Ramirez Chaves, Hector Emilio/0000-0002-2454-9482; Velazco, Paul/0000-0001-7195-7422 FU NASA [NAG5-12333, NAG5-8543]; New York Community Trust; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History; CAPES; FAPEAM FX This work was part of V.C.T.'s doctoral studies at City University of New York in a joint program with the American Museum of Natural History; V.C.T. is grateful to the committee members N. Simmons, C. Raxworthy, J. Wahlert, R. Rockwell, and R. Voss; special thanks to N. Simmons for her careful review of an earlier draft of this paper. The following curators and collection staff kindly permitted access to specimens under their care: R. Jenkins and P. Jenkins (BMNH); E.M. Versute (DZSJRP); B.D. Patterson (FMNH); J.E. Castillo (IAvH); H. Lopez Arevalo and Y. Munoz-Saba (ICN); R.M. Timm (KU); M. Rivas Pava (MHNUC); L. Albuja and J. Regalado (MPEN); V. Pacheco (MUSM); J.L. Patton (MVZ); M. de Vivo (MZUSP); L. Gordon (USNM); O.M. Garcia (UV), B. Lim and M. Engstrom (ROM), R.J. Baker (TTU), and P. Myers (UMMZ). We are grateful to Ofelia Mejia-Egas for allowing us to use her photograph of a live individual of Vampyressa sinchi. This material is based upon work supported by the NASA under awards NAG5-12333 and NAG5-8543, the New York Community Trust, S. Donnelley, and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History to V.C.T.; V.C.T. also thanks CAPES and FAPEAM postdoctoral fellowship under the program PRO-DPD/AM-PPGSS. To those people and institutions we express our sincere thanks. We also are grateful to T. Chesser, USGS-PWRC, Biological Survey Unit, National Museum of Natural History; B.D. Patterson, Field Museum of Natural History; one anonymous reviewer; and to R.S. Voss for their comments and recommendation. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 IS 3813 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA AQ2KC UT WOS:000342613200001 ER PT J AU Crosby, LM DeVera, C Charles, K Orem, W AF Crosby, Lynn M. DeVera, Christina Charles, Kaylene Orem, William TI Mortality trends from lung and bronchus cancer in Boone County, WV, USA before and after mountaintop removal mining practices SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 05-09, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Crosby, Lynn M.; DeVera, Christina; Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Charles, Kaylene] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 74 IS 19 SU S MA LB-297 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-297 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CB8VR UT WOS:000349910205330 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Gowan, TA Miller, DM Brooks, ML AF Berry, Kristin H. Gowan, Timothy A. Miller, David M. Brooks, Matthew L. TI Models of Invasion and Establishment for African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dry washes; invasion; models; roads; African mustard; Sonoran Desert; stream channels ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; SAHARA MUSTARD; BROMUS-RUBENS; ANNUAL PLANTS; LANDSCAPE; GERMINATION; PHENOLOGY; ROADSIDES; PATTERN; SHRUBS AB Introduced exotic plants can drive ecosystem change. We studied invasion and establishment of Brassica tournefortii (African mustard), a noxious weed, in the Chemehuevi Valley, western Sonoran Desert, California. We used long-term data sets of photographs, transects for biomass of annual plants, and densities of African mustard collected at irregular intervals between 1979 and 2009. We suggest that African mustard may have been present in low numbers along the main route of travel, a highway, in the late 1970s; invaded the valley along a major axial valley ephemeral stream channel and the highway; and by 2009, colonized 22 km into the eastern part of the valley. We developed predictive models for invasibility and establishment of African mustard. Both during the initial invasion and after establishment, significant predictor variables of African mustard densities were surficial geology, proximity to the highway and axial valley ephemeral stream channel, and number of small ephemeral stream channels. The axial valley ephemeral stream channel was the most vulnerable of the variables to invasions. Overall, African mustard rapidly colonized and quickly became established in naturally disturbed areas, such as stream channels, where geological surfaces were young and soils were weakly developed. Older geological surfaces (e.g., desert pavements with soils 140,000 to 300,000 years old) were less vulnerable. Microhabitats also influenced densities of African mustard, with densities higher under shrubs than in the interspaces. As African mustard became established, the proportional biomass of native winter annual plants declined. Early control is important because African mustard can colonize and become well established across a valley in 20 yr. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Gowan, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov FU USDI BLM, Geological Survey; California Department of Fish and Game; Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank J. Yee, C. Barrows, R. Marushia, K. Phillips, S. Jones, and two anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript and J. Mack for assistance with figures. M. Waggoner, D. LaBerteaux, P. Seamount, C. Knowles, P. Knowles, S. Olson-Edge, P. Wood, and P. Woodman assisted with field work. Roger Hatheway provided historical information on roads and Highway 95. Funding was provided by the USDI BLM, Geological Survey, and California Department of Fish and Game, and Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation to the BLM and U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 599 EP 616 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00023.1 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AX7KU UT WOS:000347095800007 ER PT J AU Loveland, TR Mahmood, R AF Loveland, Thomas R. Mahmood, Rezaul TI A DESIGN FOR A SUSTAINED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE FORCING AND FEEDBACKS RELATED TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM; CONSERVATION AREAS; FOREST DISTURBANCE; COUPLED HUMAN; COMPLEXITY; VEGETATION; SCIENCE; MODEL AB Land use and land cover change (LULCC) significantly influences the climate system. Hence, to prepare the nation for future climate change and variability, a sustained assessment of LULCC and its climatic impacts needs to be undertaken. To address this objective, not only do we need to determine contemporary trends in land use and land cover that affect, or are affected by, weather and climate but also identify sectors and regions that are most affected by weather and climate variability. Moreover, it is critical that we recognize land cover and regions that are most vulnerable to climate change and how end-use practices are adapting to climate change. This paper identifies a series of steps that need to be undertaken to address these key items. In addition, national-scale institutional capabilities are identified and discussed. Included in the discussions are challenges and opportunities for collaboration among these institutions for a sustained assessment. C1 [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul] Western Kentucky Univ, Kentucky Climate Ctr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Mahmood, R (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, 1906 Coll Hts Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM mahmood.ei@ametsoc.org NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1563 EP 1572 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00208.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5SZ UT WOS:000346335400005 ER PT J AU Jolly, AD Lokmer, I Kennedy, B Keys, HJR Proctor, J Lyons, JJ Jolly, GE AF Jolly, A. D. Lokmer, I. Kennedy, B. Keys, H. J. R. Proctor, J. Lyons, J. J. Jolly, G. E. TI Active seismic sources as a proxy for seismic surface processes: An example from the 2012 Tongariro volcanic eruptions, New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Active seismic source; Amplitude source location; Eruption energy; Avalanche ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; JAPAN; DEBRIS; ENERGY; SIGNALS; EVENTS AB The 6 August 2012 eruption from Tongariro volcano's Te Maari vent comprised a complex sequence of events including at least 4 eruption pulses, a large chasm collapse, and a debris avalanche (volume of similar to 7 x 10(5) m(3)) that propagated similar to 2 km beyond the eruptive vent The eruption was poorly observed, being obscured by night time darkness, and the eruption timing must be unravelled instead from a complex seismic record that includes discrete volcanic earthquakes, a sequence of low to moderate level spasmodic tremor and an intense burst of seismic and infrasound activity that marked the eruption onset. We have discriminated the evolution of the complex surface activity by comparing active seismic source data to the seismic sequence in a new cross correlation source location approach. We dropped 11 high impact masses from helicopter to generate a range of active seismic sources in the vicinity of the eruption vent, chasm, and debris avalanche areas. We obtained 8 successful drops having an impact energy ranging from 3 to 9 x 10(6) Nm producing observable seismic signals to a distance of 5 to 10 km and having good signal to noise characteristics in the 3-12 Hz range. For the 8 drops, we picked first-P arrival times and calculated amplitude spectra for a uniform set of four stations. We then compared these proxy source excitations to the natural eruption and pre-eruption data using a moving window cross correlation approach. From the correlation processing, we obtain a best matched source position in the near vent region for the eruption period and significant down channel excitations during both the pre and post eruption periods. The total seismic energy release calculated from the new method is similar to 8 x 10(11) Nm, similar to an independently estimated calculation based on the radiated seismic energy. The new energy estimate may be more robust than those calculated from standard seismic radiation equations, which may include uncertainties about the path and site effects. The active source data carry this information directly in the waveforms, yielding a simple conversion between seismic amplitude and energy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jolly, A. D.; Jolly, G. E.] GNS Sci, Wairakei Res Ctr, Taupo 3330, New Zealand. [Lokmer, I.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Geol Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Kennedy, B.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Keys, H. J. R.] Dept Conservat, Turangi, New Zealand. [Proctor, J.] Massey Univ, Volcan Risk Solut, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North 222, New Zealand. [Lyons, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Jolly, AD (reprint author), GNS Sci, Wairakei Res Ctr, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3330, New Zealand. EM a.jolly@gns.cri.nz OI Lokmer, Ivan/0000-0001-7009-1583 FU MSI FX Field planning and operations were assisted by Brad Scott, Bubs Smith (Tuwharetoa), Rebecca Fitzgerald, Tom Wilson, Richard Johnson and Aaron Lister and co-authors (AJ, BK and HK). Richard Johnson, Steve Sherburn, Craig Miller and Nico Fournier maintained the portable network. Dave Keen weaved the manila rope into boulder drop nets. Pilot Andrew MacIntosh piloted the helicopter. All are gratefully thanked. Tony Hurst, Jon Carey, Hiroyuki Kumagai and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for offering useful reviews of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by MSI-Core research funding to GNS Science and used photos from the GNS volcano database (VOD). NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 286 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.04.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW9AZ UT WOS:000346551400023 ER PT J AU Jolly, AD Jousset, P Lyons, JJ Carniel, R Fournier, N Fry, B Miller, C AF Jolly, A. D. Jousset, P. Lyons, J. J. Carniel, R. Fournier, N. Fry, B. Miller, C. TI Seismo-acoustic evidence for an avalanche driven phreatic eruption through a beheaded hydrothermal system: An example from the 2012 Tongariro eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Seismo-acoustic; Debris avalanche; Phreatic eruption; Energy release ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; NEW-ZEALAND; REDOUBT VOLCANO; UNZEN VOLCANO; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; INFRASOUND ARRAY; RUAPEHU VOLCANO AB The 6 August 2012 Te Maari eruption comprises a complex eruption sequence including multiple eruption pulses, a debris avalanche that propagated similar to 2 km from the vent, and the formation of a 500 m long, arcuate chasm, located similar to 300 m from the main eruption vent. The eruption included 6 distinct impulses that were coherent across a local infrasound network marking the eruption onset at 11:52:18 (all times UTC). An eruption energy release of similar to 3 x 10(12) J was calculated using a body wave equation for radiated seismic energy. A similar calculation based on the infrasound record, shows that similar to 90% of the acoustic energy was released from three impulses at onset times 11:52:20 (similar to 20% of total eruption energy), 11:52:27 (similar to 50%), and 11:52:31 (similar to 20%). These energy impulses may coincide with eyewitness accounts describing an initial eastward directed blast, followed by a westward directed blast, and a final vertical blast. Pre-eruption seismic activity includes numerous small unlocatable micro-earthquakes that began at 11:46:50. Two larger high frequency earthquakes were recorded at 11:49:06 and 11:49:21 followed directly by a third earthquake at 11:50:17. The first event was located within the scarp based on an arrival time location from good first P arrival times and probably represents the onset of the debris avalanche. The third event was a tornillo, characterised by a 0.8 Hz single frequency resonance, and has a resonator attenuation factor of Q similar to 40, consistent with a bubbly fluid filled resonator. This contrasts with a similar tornillo event occurring 2.5 weeks earlier having Q similar to 250-1000, consistent with a dusty gas charged resonator. We surmise from pre-eruption seismicity, and the observed attenuation change, that the debris avalanche resulted from the influx of fluids into the hydrothermal system, causing destabilisation and failure. The beheaded hydrothermal system may have then caused depressurisation frothing of the remaining gas charged system leading to the onset of explosive activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jolly, A. D.; Fournier, N.; Miller, C.] GNS Sci, Wairakei Res Ctr, Taupo 3330, New Zealand. [Jousset, P.] Helmholtz Ctr GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Lyons, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Carniel, R.] Natl Res Univ Informat Technol Mech & Opt, Int Syst Lab, Geognosis Proj, St Petersburg 197101, Russia. [Fry, B.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. RP Jolly, AD (reprint author), GNS Sci, Wairakei Res Ctr, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3330, New Zealand. EM a.jolly@gns.cri.nz RI Carniel, Roberto/A-7044-2008; OI Carniel, Roberto/0000-0001-8391-2512; Miller, Craig/0000-0001-8499-0352 NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 286 BP 331 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.04.007 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW9AZ UT WOS:000346551400024 ER PT J AU Goode, MJ Beaver, JT Muller, LI Clark, JD van Manen, FT Harper, CA Basinger, PS AF Goode, Matthew J. Beaver, Jared T. Muller, Lisa I. Clark, Joseph D. van Manen, Frank T. Harper, Craig A. Basinger, P. Seth TI Capture-recapture of white-tailed deer using DNA from fecal pellet groups SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; BEAR POPULATION; BROWN BEARS; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; NATIONAL-PARK; MULE-DEER; FOREST; ABUNDANCE; FECES AB Traditional methods for estimating white-tailed deer population size and density are affected by behavioral biases, poor detection in densely forested areas, and invalid techniques for estimating effective trapping area. We evaluated a noninvasive method of capture-recapture for white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus density estimation using DNA extracted from fecal pellets as an individual marker and for gender determination, coupled with a spatial detection function to estimate density (spatially explicit capture-recapture, SECR). We collected pellet groups from 11 to 22 January 2010 at randomly selected sites within a 1-km(2) area located on Arnold Air Force Base in Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee. We searched 703 10-m radius plots and collected 352 pellet-group samples from 197 plots over five two-day sampling intervals. Using only the freshest pellets we recorded 140 captures of 33 different animals (15M: 18F). Male and female densities were 1.9 (SE = 0.8) and 3.8 (SE = 1.3) deer km(-2), or a total density of 5.8 deer km(-2) (14.9 deer mile(-2)). Population size was 20.8 (SE = 7.6) over a 360-ha area, and sex ratio was 1.0 M: 2.0 F (SE = 0.71). We found DNA sampling from pellet groups improved deer abundance, density and sex ratio estimates in contiguous landscapes which could be used to track responses to harvest or other management actions. C1 [Goode, Matthew J.; Beaver, Jared T.; Muller, Lisa I.; Harper, Craig A.; Basinger, P. Seth] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.; van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Goode, MJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lmuller@utk.edu OI Muller, Lisa/0000-0001-7833-2273 FU Univ. of Tennessee Inst. of Agriculture and Natural Resources Innovation Fund; Dept of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We would like to thank the Univ. of Tennessee Inst. of Agriculture and Natural Resources Innovation Fund; Dept of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries; and US Fish and Wildlife Service for funding. R. McWhite, W. Winton and M. Black provided logistical support and help with field work. S. Finger helped with GIS and selection of study area. We greatly appreciate the hard-working and diligent technicians (S. McKenzie, M. Mustin, S. Nash and A. Unger). We are appreciative of the time and expertise from D. Paetkau and J. Benson of WGI. We also thank M. Wright and H. Inman for administrative support. We thank M. Efford for quickly answering questions on data analysis. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 42 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 20 IS 5 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.2981/wlb.00050 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AW2OG UT WOS:000346127300003 ER PT J AU O'Connell-Goode, KC Lowe, CL Clark, JD AF O'Connell-Goode, K. C. Lowe, C. L. Clark, J. D. TI Effects of a flooding event on a threatened black bear population in Louisiana SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE black bear; Ursus americanus luteolus; flood; Louisiana; multistate model; population viability ID TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; UNOBSERVABLE STATES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SMALL MAMMALS; PROGRAM MARK; CAPTURE; SURVIVAL; FLOODPLAIN; MODELS; EXTENSIONS AB The Louisiana black bear, Ursus americanus luteolus, is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act as a result of habitat loss and human-related mortality. Information on population-level responses of large mammals to flooding events is scarce, and we had a unique opportunity to evaluate the viability of the Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB) black bear population before and after a significant flooding event. We began collecting black bear hair samples in 2007 for a DNA mark-recapture study to estimate abundance (N) and apparent survival (phi). In 2011, the Morganza Spillway was opened to divert floodwaters from the Mississippi River through the UARB, inundating >50% of our study area, potentially impacting recovery of this important bear population. To evaluate the effects of this flooding event on bear population dynamics, we used a robust design multistate model to estimate changes in transition rates from the flooded area to non-flooded area (psi(F -> NF)) before (2007-2010), during (2010-2011) and after (2011-2012) the flood. Average N across all years of study was 63.2 (SE = 5.2), excluding the year of the flooding event. Estimates of psi(F -> NF) increased from 0.014 (SE = 0.010; meaning that 1.4% of the bears moved from the flooded area to non-flooded areas) before flooding to 0.113 (SE = 0.045) during the flood year, and then decreased to 0.028 (SE = 0.035) after the flood. Although we demonstrated a flood effect on transition rates as hypothesized, the effect was small (88.7% of the bears remained in the flooded area during flooding) and phi was unchanged, suggesting that the 2011 flooding event had minimal impact on survival and site fidelity. C1 [O'Connell-Goode, K. C.; Lowe, C. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, J. D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Roy O. Martin Timber Company; Black Bear Conservation Coalition; University of Tennessee; US Geological Survey FX We wish to thank US Army Corps of Engineers, especially S. Roberts and R. Boe, for funding this research during and after the flood event of 2011. We also wish to acknowledge the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Roy O. Martin Timber Company, Black Bear Conservation Coalition, University of Tennessee and US Geological Survey for support throughout this 6-year study. M. Davidson, D. Fuller and C. Clayton were especially helpful. J. Laufenberg and J. Troxler provided valuable input on study design and analysis. We are especially grateful to the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their insight on our work. Finally, we are extremely grateful to the numerous technicians who worked tirelessly and the landowners and lessees for logistical support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 17 IS 5 BP 476 EP 485 DI 10.1111/acv.12114 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT8XZ UT WOS:000345213600009 ER PT J AU Brennan, A Cross, PC Higgs, MD Edwards, WH Scurlock, BM Creel, S AF Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Higgs, Megan D. Edwards, W. Henry Scurlock, Brandon M. Creel, Scott TI A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; Brucella abortus; density-dependent transmission; elk feedgrounds; group living; group size distribution; Lloyd's crowding; parasite transmission; seasonal grouping; wildlife disease ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; FREE-RANGING ELK; GROUP-SIZE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; INFECTION; DYNAMICS; WILDLIFE; POPULATIONS AB Understanding how animal density is related to pathogen transmission is important to develop effective disease control strategies, but requires measuring density at a scale relevant to transmission. However, this is not straightforward or well-studied among large mammals with group sizes that range several orders of magnitude or aggregation patterns that vary across space and time. To address this issue, we examined spatial variation in elk (Cerous canadensis) aggregation patterns and brucellosis across 10 regions in the Greater Yellowstone Area where previous studies suggest the disease may be increasing. We hypothesized that rates of increasing brucellosis would be better related to the frequency of large groups than mean group size or population density, but we examined whether other measures of density would also explain rising seroprevalence. To do this, we measured wintering elk density and group size across multiple spatial and temporal scales from monthly aerial surveys. We used Bayesian hierarchical models and 20 years of serologic data to estimate rates of increase in brucellosis within the 10 regions, and to examine the linear relationships between these estimated rates of increase and multiple measures of aggregation. Brucellosis seroprevalence increased over time in eight regions (one region showed an estimated increase from 0.015 in 1991 to 0.26 in 2011), and these rates of increase were positively related to all measures of aggregation. The relationships were weaker when the analysis was restricted to areas where brucellosis was present for at least two years, potentially because aggregation was related to disease-establishment within a population. Our findings suggest that (1) group size did not explain brucellosis increases any better than population density and (2) some elk populations may have high densities with small groups or lower densities with large groups, but brucellosis is likely to increase in either scenario. In this case, any one control method such as reducing population density or group size may not be sufficient to reduce transmission. This study highlights the importance of examining the density-transmission relationship at multiple scales and across populations before broadly applying disease control strategies. C1 [Brennan, Angela; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Edwards, W. Henry] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Brennan, A (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM angie_brennan@hotmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for collecting, analyzing, and compiling the serologic data. We thank D. Stinson for his flying around the mountains of Wyoming and for keeping us safe in the air. We also thank K. Overfield and S. Ard for their dedicated flying, and C. Butler for his hard work as an observer. We are grateful to Teton and Cody Interagency Dispatch for keeping up with our progress in flight. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease (grant number DEB-1067129) and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 5 IS 10 AR 138 DI 10.1890/ES14-00181.1 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DO UT WOS:000345097200016 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Horne, JS Rode, KD Regehr, EV Durner, GM AF Wilson, Ryan R. Horne, Jon S. Rode, Karyn D. Regehr, Eric V. Durner, George M. TI Identifying polar bear resource selection patterns to inform offshore development in a dynamic and changing Arctic SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Chukchi Sea; climate change; discrete choice models; dynamic environment; movement; space use; species distribution modeling; step selection; synoptic; Ursus maritimus; weighted distribution models ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ICE-FREE PERIOD; SEA-ICE; HABITAT SELECTION; URSUS-MARITIMUS; MARINE MAMMALS; BEAUFORT SEA; HOME-RANGE; SPACE-USE AB Although sea ice loss is the primary threat to polar bears (Ursus maritimus), little can be done to mitigate its effects without global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Other factors, however, could exacerbate the impacts of sea ice loss on polar bears, such as exposure to increased industrial activity. The Arctic Ocean has enormous oil and gas potential, and its development is expected to increase in the coming decades. Estimates of polar bear resource selection will inform managers how bears use areas slated for oil development and to help guide conservation planning. We estimated temporally-varying resource selection patterns for non-denning adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Sea population (20082012) at two scales (i.e., home range and weekly steps) to identify factors predictive of polar bear use throughout the year, before any offshore development. From the best models at each scale, we estimated scale-integrated resource selection functions to predict polar bear space use across the population's range and determined when bears were most likely to use the region where offshore oil and gas development in the United States is slated to occur. Polar bears exhibited significant intra-annual variation in selection patterns at both scales but the strength and annual patterns of selection differed between scales for most variables. Bears were most likely to use the offshore oil and gas planning area during ice retreat and growth with the highest predicted use occurring in the southern portion of the planning area. The average proportion of predicted high-value habitat in the planning area was >15% of the total high-value habitat for the population during sea ice retreat and growth and reached a high of 50% during November 2010. Our results provide a baseline on which to judge future changes to non-denning adult female polar bear resource selection in the Chukchi Sea and help guide offshore development in the region. Lastly, our study provides a framework for assessing potential impacts of offshore oil and gas development to other polar bear populations around the Arctic. C1 [Wilson, Ryan R.; Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Horne, Jon S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rode, Karyn D.; Durner, George M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Wilson, RR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM ryan_r_wilson@fws.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; North Slope Borough; Alaska Nanuuq Commission; National Park Service; communities of Point Hope and Kotzebue; Selawik National Wildlife Refuge; Red Dog Mine; Teck Alaska Inc.; Nana FX We thank M. St. Martin, J. Wilder, and K. Titus for assisting with data collection and logistics. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game, North Slope Borough, the Alaska Nanuuq Commission, National Park Service, the communities of Point Hope and Kotzebue, Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Red Dog Mine, Teck Alaska Inc., and Nana provided significant support for this research. K. Oakley, T. Atwood, P. Boveng, J. Wilder, J. Aars, C. Perham, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was permitted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act under FWS permit MA046081 and followed protocols approved by Animal Care and Use Committees of the FWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the FWS. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367). Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 123 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 5 IS 10 AR 136 DI 10.1890/ES14-00193.1 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DO UT WOS:000345097200014 ER PT J AU Paull, CK McGann, M Sumner, EJ Barnes, PM Lundsten, EM Anderson, K Gwiazda, R Edwards, B Caress, DW AF Paull, Charles K. McGann, Mary Sumner, Esther J. Barnes, Philip M. Lundsten, Eve M. Anderson, Krystle Gwiazda, Roberto Edwards, Brian Caress, David W. TI Sub-decadal turbidite frequency during the early Holocene: Eel Fan, offshore northern California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CURRENTS; CANYON; RECORD; DEPOSITS; BASIN; SEA AB Remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicle technologies were used to image and sample exceptional deep sea outcrops where an similar to 100-m-thick section of turbidite beds is exposed on the headwalls of two giant submarine scours on Eel submarine fan, offshore northern California (USA). These outcrops provide a rare opportunity to connect young deep-sea turbidites with their feeder system. C-14 measurements reveal that from 12.8 ka to 7.9 ka, one turbidite was being emplaced on average every 7 yr. This emplacement rate is two to three orders of magnitude higher than observed for turbidites elsewhere along the Pacific margin of North America. The turbidites contain abundant wood and shallow-dwelling foraminifera, demonstrating an efficient connection between the Eel River source and the Eel Fan sink. Turbidite recurrence intervals diminish fivefold to similar to 36 yr from 7.9 ka onward, reflecting sea-level rise and re-routing of Eel River sediments. C1 [Paull, Charles K.; Sumner, Esther J.; Lundsten, Eve M.; Anderson, Krystle; Gwiazda, Roberto; Caress, David W.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [McGann, Mary; Edwards, Brian] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barnes, Philip M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6241, New Zealand. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; New Zealand Royal Society International Mobility Fund [IMF11A-63]; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Core Funding FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. Barnes was supported by New Zealand Royal Society International Mobility Fund grant IMF11A-63 and National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Core Funding. Richard Dodd of the University of California-Berkeley identified pieces of wood. We thank Katherine Coble, David Piper, Brian Romans, Jon Warrick, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1130/G35768.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA AU1EL UT WOS:000345363700006 ER PT J AU Israel, NMD VanLandeghem, MM Denny, S Ingle, J Patino, R AF Israel, Natascha M. D. VanLandeghem, Matthew M. Denny, Shawn Ingle, John Patino, Reynaldo TI Golden alga presence and abundance are inversely related to salinity in a high-salinity river ecosystem, Pecos River, USA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Harmful algae; Inland waters; Water quality; Salinity; Nutrients ID PARVUM POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; BLOOM DEVELOPMENT; TOXIC HAPTOPHYTE; NEW-MEXICO; FISH; NITROGEN; TEXAS; EUTROPHICATION AB Prymnesium parvum (golden alga, GA) is a toxigenic harmful alga native to marine ecosystems that has also affected brackish inland waters. The first toxic bloom of GA in the western hemisphere occurred in the Pecos River, one of the saltiest rivers in North America. Environmental factors (water quality) associated with GA occurrence in this basin, however, have not been examined. Water quality and GA presence and abundance were determined at eight sites in the Pecos River basin with or without prior history of toxic blooms. Sampling was conducted monthly from January 2012 to July 2013. Specific conductance (salinity) varied spatiotemporally between 4408 and 73,786 mu S/cm. Results of graphical, principal component (PCA), and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression analyses indicated that the incidence and abundance of GA are reduced as salinity increases spatiotemporally. LOWESS regression and correlation analyses of archived data for specific conductance and GA abundance at one of the study sites retrospectively confirmed the negative association between these variables. Results of PCA also suggested that at 550K) volcanism on Io to be similar to 8 TW. This work provides the first short-wavelength near-infrared survey with global coverage at all longitudes on the nightside of Io without sunlight contamination at these wavelengths. A major conclusion from this study is that 90% of all the volcanoes observed in the New Horizons LEISA near-infrared data in 2007 were also observed during the Galileo epoch, suggesting these are all long-lived hot spots. C1 [Tsang, Constantine C. C.; Spencer, John R.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Rathbun, Julie A.] Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Hesman, Brigette E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Abramov, Oleg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tsang, CCC (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM con@boulder.swri.edu FU NASA [NNX11AK15G]; New Horizons mission FX We would like to thank the LEISA team for the archived data. We also thank Cathy Olkin and Allen Lunsford for their help with the LEISA calibration. This work was funded by the NASA Jupiter Data Analysis Program NNX11AK15G and the New Horizons mission. We also thank D. Williams and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and helpful suggestions to improve this paper. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 2222 EP 2238 DI 10.1002/2014JE004670 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU2KC UT WOS:000345446100006 ER PT J AU Barnhart, WD Benz, HM Hayes, GP Rubinstein, JL Bergman, E AF Barnhart, W. D. Benz, H. M. Hayes, G. P. Rubinstein, J. L. Bergman, E. TI Seismological and geodetic constraints on the 2011 M(w)5.3 Trinidad, Colorado earthquake and induced deformation in the Raton Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; InSAR; earthquake relocations; Raton Basin; Trinidad Colorado earthquake ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; DENVER EARTHQUAKES; IRAN EARTHQUAKE; SPACE; PARAMETERS; MAGNITUDE; INJECTION; ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE; STRAIN AB The Raton Basin of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico is an actively produced hydrocarbon basin that has experienced increased seismicity since 2001, including the August 2011 M(w)5.3 Trinidad normal faulting event. Following the 2011 earthquake, regional seismic observations were used to relocate 21 events, including the 2011 main shock, two foreshocks, and 13 aftershocks. Additionally, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations of both the 2011 event and preevent basin deformation place constraint on the spatial kinematics of the 2011 event and localized basin subsidence due to ground water or gas withdrawal. We find that the 2011 earthquake ruptured an 8-10km long segment of a normal fault at depths of 1.5-6.0km within the crystalline Precambrian basement underlying the Raton Basin sedimentary rocks. The earthquake also nucleated within the crystalline basement in the vicinity of an active wastewater disposal site. The ensuing aftershock sequence demonstrated statistical properties expected for intraplate earthquakes, though the length of the 2011 earthquake is unexpectedly long for an M(w)5.3 event, suggesting that wastewater disposal may have triggered a low stress drop, otherwise natural earthquake. Additionally, preevent and postevent seismicity in the Raton Basin spatially correlates to regions of subsidence observed in InSAR time series analysis. While these observations cannot discern a causal link between hydrocarbon production and seismicity, they constrain spatial relationships between active basin deformation and geological and anthropogenic features. Furthermore, the InSAR observations highlight the utility of space-based geodetic observations for monitoring and assessing anthropogenically induced and triggered deformation. Key Points We provide InSAR constraints on an induced earthquakeThere is a strong correlation between anthropogenic deformation and seismicityInSAR will be a valuable tool in monitoring induced seismicity C1 [Barnhart, W. D.; Benz, H. M.; Hayes, G. P.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Rubinstein, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bergman, E.] Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO USA. RP Barnhart, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM wbarnhart@usgs.gov RI Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral program; USGS Geological Hazards program FX The authors thank the Associate Editor, Chuck Wicks, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that substantially improved this manuscript. Envisat SAR images were acquired through the UNAVCO WInSAR data portal; ALOS images were acquired through the Alaska Satellite Facility via a research user agreement. This work was supported in part by the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral program and USGS Geological Hazards program. Several figures were generated using the Generic Mapping Tool [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 7923 EP 7933 DI 10.1002/2014JB011227 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU1GH UT WOS:000345368500032 ER PT J AU Watt, JT Ponce, DA Graymer, RW Jachens, RC Simpson, RW AF Watt, Janet T. Ponce, David A. Graymer, Russell W. Jachens, Robert C. Simpson, Robert W. TI Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article DE serpentinite; fault geometry; magnetic gradient analysis; fault connectivity; fault intersection; ophiolite ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; HAYWARD FAULT; PLATE BOUNDARY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CREEPING SEGMENT; LARGE-EARTHQUAKE; GREAT-VALLEY; SYSTEM AB While an enormous amount of research has been focused on trying to understand the geologic history and neotectonics of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault (SAF-CF) junction, fundamental questions concerning fault geometry and mechanisms for slip transfer through the junction remain. We use potential-field, geologic, geodetic, and seismicity data to investigate the 3-D geologic framework of the SAF-CF junction and identify potential slip-transferring structures within the junction. Geophysical evidence suggests that the San Andreas and Calaveras fault zones dip away from each other within the northern portion of the junction, bounding a triangular-shaped wedge of crust in cross section. This wedge changes shape to the south as fault geometries change and fault activity shifts between fault strands, particularly along the Calaveras fault zone (CFZ). Potential-field modeling and relocated seismicity suggest that the Paicines and San Benito strands of the CFZ dip 65 degrees to 70 degrees NE and form the southwest boundary of a folded 1 to 3km thick tabular body of Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO) within the Vallecitos syncline. We identify and characterize two steeply dipping, seismically active cross structures within the junction that are associated with serpentinite in the subsurface. The architecture of the SAF-CF junction presented in this study may help explain fault-normal motions currently observed in geodetic data and help constrain the seismic hazard. The abundance of serpentinite and related CRO in the subsurface is a significant discovery that not only helps constrain the geometry of structures but may also help explain fault behavior and the tectonic evolution of the SAF-CF junction. C1 [Watt, Janet T.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ponce, David A.; Graymer, Russell W.; Jachens, Robert C.; Simpson, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Watt, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwatt@usgs.gov FU National Cooperative Geologic Mapping, Earthquake Hazards, and Coastal; Marine Geology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey FX All geologic, gravity, aeromagnetic, geodetic, and relocated seismicity data used in this paper are published and publicly available (see citations provided in the Methods section). This work was supported by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping, Earthquake Hazards, and Coastal and Marine Geology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. We acknowledge Pacific Gas and Electric Company for providing property access for the collection of gravity data. We thank Roland Burgmann for his thoughtful comments and Jeanne Hardebeck, George Hilley, and Michael Oskin for providing constructive and thought-provoking reviews, which greatly improved this manuscript NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2025 EP 2044 DI 10.1002/2014TC003561 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU0CJ UT WOS:000345290500008 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Nystrom, EA Wolock, DM Bradley, PM Riva-Murray, K AF Burns, Douglas A. Nystrom, Elizabeth A. Wolock, David M. Bradley, Paul M. Riva-Murray, Karen TI An empirical approach to modeling methylmercury concentrations in an Adirondack stream watershed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mercury; stream; Adirondack; model; riparian; DOC ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; SVARTBERGET CATCHMENT; REGRESSION-MODELS; SURFACE WATERS; NEW-YORK; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Inverse empirical models can inform and improve more complex process-based models by quantifying the principal factors that control water quality variation. Here we developed a multiple regression model that explains 81% of the variation in filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) concentrations in Fishing Brook, a fourth-order stream in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, a known hot spot of Hg bioaccumulation. This model builds on previous observations that wetland-dominated riparian areas are the principal source of MeHg to this stream and were based on 43 samples collected during a 33 month period in 2007-2009. Explanatory variables include those that represent the effects of water temperature, streamflow, and modeled riparian water table depth on seasonal and annual patterns of FMeHg concentrations. An additional variable represents the effects of an upstream pond on decreasing FMeHg concentrations. Model results suggest that temperature-driven effects on net Hg methylation rates are the principal control on annual FMeHg concentration patterns. Additionally, streamflow dilutes FMeHg concentrations during the cold dormant season. The model further indicates that depth and persistence of the riparian water table as simulated by TOPMODEL are dominant controls on FMeHg concentration patterns during the warm growing season, especially evident when concentrations during the dry summer of 2007 were less than half of those in the wetter summers of 2008 and 2009. This modeling approach may help identify the principal factors that control variation in surface water FMeHg concentrations in other settings, which can guide the appropriate application of process-based models. C1 [Burns, Douglas A.; Nystrom, Elizabeth A.; Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. [Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. All water quality and streamflow data discussed in this paper are available at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/qw (accessed 30 March 2014); site identifier is 0131199050, Fishing Brook (County Line Flow Outlet) near Newcomb, NY. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 1970 EP 1984 DI 10.1002/2013JG002481 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AT9EC UT WOS:000345229700004 ER PT J AU Breithaupt, JL Smoak, JM Smith, TJ Sanders, CJ AF Breithaupt, Joshua L. Smoak, Joseph M. Smith, Thomas J., III Sanders, Christian J. TI Temporal variability of carbon and nutrient burial, sediment accretion, and mass accumulation over the past century in a carbonate platform mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mangroves; Pb-210 dating; organic carbon burial; sediment accretion; Everglades; coastal wetlands ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SHARK RIVER ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL EVERGLADES; HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION; SOUTHERN THAILAND; SOIL ELEVATION; WETLAND SOILS; NATIONAL-PARK AB The objective of this research was to measure temporal variability in accretion and mass sedimentation rates (including organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP)) from the past century in a mangrove forest on the Shark River in Everglades National Park, USA. The Pb-210 Constant Rate of Supply model was applied to six soil cores to calculate annual rates over the most recent 10, 50, and 100 year time spans. Our results show that rates integrated over longer timeframes are lower than those for shorter, recent periods of observation. Additionally, the substantial spatial variability between cores over the 10 year period is diminished over the 100 year record, raising two important implications. First, a multiple-decade assessment of soil accretion and OC burial provides a more conservative estimate and is likely to be most relevant for forecasting these rates relative to long-term processes of sea level rise and climate change mitigation. Second, a small number of sampling locations are better able to account for spatial variability over the longer periods than for the shorter periods. The site average 100year OC burial rate, 12319 (standard deviation) g m(-2)yr(-1), is low compared with global mangrove values. High TN and TP burial rates in recent decades may lead to increased soil carbon remineralization, contributing to the low carbon burial rates. Finally, the strong correlation between OC burial and accretion across this site signals the substantial contribution of OC to soil building in addition to the ecosystem service of CO2 sequestration. C1 [Breithaupt, Joshua L.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Smoak, Joseph M.] Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Geog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Sanders, Christian J.] So Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem Res, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. RP Breithaupt, JL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jlbreith@mail.usf.edu OI Breithaupt, Joshua/0000-0003-0963-3253; Smoak, Joseph/0000-0002-4322-4042 FU National Science Foundation under South Florida Water, Sustainability Climate grant [1204079]; University of South Florida College of Marine Science; Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research program - National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409]; Environments Program of the Ecosystems Mission Area; Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Studies Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center; Southern Cross University postdoctoral fellowship FX Core data not supplied in primary tables for this paper are available in Table S1 in the supporting information. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under South Florida Water, Sustainability & Climate grant 1204079 to J.M. Smoak. J.L. Breithaupt is grateful for funding support through the University of South Florida College of Marine Science fellowships provided by Anne and Werner Von Rosenstiel and the St. Petersburg Downtown Partnership, as well as a travel grant provided by the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-term Ecological Research program (supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DBI-0620409). T.J. Smith III was funded by the Environments Program of the Ecosystems Mission Area and the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Studies Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. J.M. Smoak received funding from National Science Foundation and U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center. C.J. Sanders is supported by a Southern Cross University postdoctoral fellowship. The authors thank Tom Harmon, Luciana Sanders, Gordon Anderson, Karen Balentine, Ginger Tiling-Range, and Paul Nelson for their assistance with field sampling and laboratory processing. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 2032 EP 2048 DI 10.1002/2014JG002715 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AT9EC UT WOS:000345229700008 ER PT J AU Dutton, PH Jensen, MP Frutchey, K Frey, A LaCasella, E Balazs, GH Cruce, J Tagarino, A Farman, R Tatarata, M AF Dutton, Peter H. Jensen, Michael P. Frutchey, Karen Frey, Amy LaCasella, Erin Balazs, George H. Cruce, Jennifer Tagarino, Alden Farman, Richard Tatarata, Miri TI Genetic Stock Structure of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Nesting Populations across the Pacific Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; MIXED STOCKS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; ATLANTIC; MTDNA; CONSERVATION; MARKERS AB More than two decades have passed since the first studies documenting genetic population structure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were published. Since then many more have followed and characterization of the genetic structure of green turtle rookeries now covers most of the global distribution of the species, benefitting conservation of this threatened species worldwide. However, important data gaps still exist across a large part of the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). This large area is made up of hundreds of scattered islands and atolls of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, most of which are remote and difficult to access. In this study, we assessed stock structure of green turtles throughout the WCPO using mitochondrial (mt) DNA from 805 turtles sampled across 25 nesting locations. We examined whether sequencing longer fragments (770 bp) of the control region increases resolution of stock structure and used genetic analysis to evaluate level of demographic connectivity among island nesting populations in the WCPO. We identified a total of 25 haplotypes characterized by polymorphism within the 770 bp sequences, including five new variants of haplotypes that were indistinguishable with shorter 384 bp reads from previous studies. Stock structure analysis indicated that rookeries separated by more than 1,000 km were significantly differentiated from each other, but neighboring rookeries within 500 km showed no genetic differentiation. Results presented in this paper establish that sequencing of longer fragments (770 bp) of the control region does in some cases increase resolution and that there are at least seven independent stocks in the region. C1 [Dutton, Peter H.; Jensen, Michael P.; Frey, Amy; LaCasella, Erin] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Frutchey, Karen] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turde Res Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Cruce, Jennifer] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Guam Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dededo, GU 96912 USA. [Tagarino, Alden] Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Farman, Richard] Aquarium Lagon, Grand Terre 98807, New Caledonia. [Tatarata, Miri] Direct Environm, Papeete 98713, Fr Polynesia. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 26 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 451 EP 464 DI 10.2984/68.4.1 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AU0JO UT WOS:000345309400001 ER PT J AU Shea, K Tildesley, MJ Runge, MC Fonnesbeck, CJ Ferrari, MJ AF Shea, Katriona Tildesley, Michael J. Runge, Michael C. Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. Ferrari, Matthew J. TI Adaptive Management and the Value of Information: Learning Via Intervention in Epidemiology SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-MANAGEMENT; MOUTH EPIDEMIC; EXPECTED VALUE; GREAT-BRITAIN; FOOT; VACCINATION; CONSERVATION; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION AB Optimal intervention for disease outbreaks is often impeded by severe scientific uncertainty. Adaptive management (AM), long-used in natural resource management, is a structured decision-making approach to solving dynamic problems that accounts for the value of resolving uncertainty via real-time evaluation of alternative models. We propose an AM approach to design and evaluate intervention strategies in epidemiology, using real-time surveillance to resolve model uncertainty as management proceeds, with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) culling and measles vaccination as case studies. We use simulations of alternative intervention strategies under competing models to quantify the effect of model uncertainty on decision making, in terms of the value of information, and quantify the benefit of adaptive versus static intervention strategies. Culling decisions during the 2001 UK FMD outbreak were contentious due to uncertainty about the spatial scale of transmission. The expected benefit of resolving this uncertainty prior to a new outbreak on a UK-like landscape would be 45- pound 60 pound million relative to the strategy that minimizes livestock losses averaged over alternate transmission models. AM during the outbreak would be expected to recover up to 20.1 pound million of this expected benefit. AM would also recommend a more conservative initial approach (culling of infected premises and dangerous contact farms) than would a fixed strategy (which would additionally require culling of contiguous premises). For optimal targeting of measles vaccination, based on an outbreak in Malawi in 2010, AM allows better distribution of resources across the affected region; its utility depends on uncertainty about both the at-risk population and logistical capacity. When daily vaccination rates are highly constrained, the optimal initial strategy is to conduct a small, quick campaign; a reduction in expected burden of approximately 10,000 cases could result if campaign targets can be updated on the basis of the true susceptible population. Formal incorporation of a policy to update future management actions in response to information gained in the course of an outbreak can change the optimal initial response and result in significant cost savings. AM provides a framework for using multiple models to facilitate public-health decision making and an objective basis for updating management actions in response to improved scientific understanding. C1 [Shea, Katriona; Ferrari, Matthew J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shea, Katriona; Ferrari, Matthew J.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tildesley, Michael J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Leics, England. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Shea, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM k-shea@psu.edu RI Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008; OI Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security; Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease program of the NSF/NIH [1 R01 GM10524701]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work arose out of a workshop funded by the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security. The authors are supported by a grant from the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease program of the NSF/NIH (award number 1 R01 GM10524701). MF is separately funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1545-7885 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 12 IS 10 AR e1001970 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001970 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AS7WD UT WOS:000344461700009 PM 25333371 ER PT J AU McLaskey, GC Kilgore, BD Lockner, DA Beeler, NM AF McLaskey, Gregory C. Kilgore, Brian D. Lockner, David A. Beeler, Nicholas M. TI Laboratory Generated M-6 Earthquakes SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Earthquake scaling; acoustic emission; stick-slip ID SOURCE SCALING RELATIONSHIPS; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; APPARENT STRESS; STICK-SLIP; GOLD MINE; INDUCED SEISMICITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; FAULT SLIP; KM DEPTH AB We consider whether mm-scale earthquake-like seismic events generated in laboratory experiments are consistent with our understanding of the physics of larger earthquakes. This work focuses on a population of 48 very small shocks that are foreshocks and aftershocks of stick-slip events occurring on a 2.0 m by 0.4 m simulated strike-slip fault cut through a large granite sample. Unlike the larger stick-slip events that rupture the entirety of the simulated fault, the small foreshocks and aftershocks are contained events whose properties are controlled by the rigidity of the surrounding granite blocks rather than characteristics of the experimental apparatus. The large size of the experimental apparatus, high fidelity sensors, rigorous treatment of wave propagation effects, and in situ system calibration separates this study from traditional acoustic emission analyses and allows these sources to be studied with as much rigor as larger natural earthquakes. The tiny events have short (3-6 mu s) rise times and are well modeled by simple double couple focal mechanisms that are consistent with left-lateral slip occurring on a mm-scale patch of the precut fault surface. The repeatability of the experiments indicates that they are the result of frictional processes on the simulated fault surface rather than grain crushing or fracture of fresh rock. Our waveform analysis shows no significant differences (other than size) between the M -7 to M -5.5 earthquakes reported here and larger natural earthquakes. Their source characteristics such as stress drop (1-10 MPa) appear to be entirely consistent with earthquake scaling laws derived for larger earthquakes. C1 [McLaskey, Gregory C.; Kilgore, Brian D.; Lockner, David A.; Beeler, Nicholas M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McLaskey, GC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gmclaskey@usgs.gov RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 171 IS 10 BP 2601 EP 2615 DI 10.1007/s00024-013-0772-9 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT3YC UT WOS:000344870500006 ER PT J AU Baltay, AS Beroza, GC Ide, S AF Baltay, Annemarie S. Beroza, Gregory C. Ide, Satoshi TI Radiated Energy of Great Earthquakes from Teleseismic Empirical Green's Function Deconvolution SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC ENERGY; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; APPARENT STRESS; RUPTURE; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; DIRECTIVITY; BOUNDARY AB We expand on the empirical Green's function deconvolution method of IDE et al. (2011) to estimate radiated energy for the six largest earthquakes worldwide over the last 10 years: 2011 M-w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, 2004 M-w 9.1 Sumatra, 2010 M-w 8.8 Maule, 2005 M-w 8.7 Nias, 2007 M-w 8.5 Bengkulu, and 2012 M-w 8.6 off-Sumatra. Deconvolution of P, SV and SH components gives consistent energy results that are comparable to estimates found independently by other researchers. Apparent stress for the five great thrust earthquakes is between 0.4 and 0.8 MPa, while the 2012 off-Sumatra strike-slip earthquake has a higher apparent stress of 3 MPa, which is consistent with other studies that find a tendency for strike-slip events to be more energetic. Our results are within the spread of apparent stress from the wider global earthquake population over a large magnitude range. The azimuthal distribution of energy in each case shows signs of directivity, and in some cases, shows less energy radiated in the trench-ward direction, which may suggest enhanced tsunami potential. We find that eGfs as small as similar to M 6.5 can be used for teleseismic deconvolution, and that an eGf-mainshock magnitude difference of 1.5 units yields stable results. This implies that M 8 is the minimum mainshock size for which teleseismic eGf deconvolution will work well. We propose that a database of eGf events could be used to calculate radiated energy and apparent stress of great, hazardous events in near real time, i.e., promptly enough that it could contribute to rapid response measures. C1 [Baltay, Annemarie S.; Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ide, Satoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Baltay, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abaltay@usgs.gov FU Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship; Pacific Gas and Electric FX IRIS Standing Order of Data (SOD) (OWENS et al. 2004) was used to acquire Global Seismic Network (GSN) data. The authors thank Jesse Lawrence for help with acquiring GSN data and use of SOD. The authors thank Adrien Oth, Kevin Mayeda and Lusi Rivera for organizing and convening the workshop "Earthquake source physics on various scales,'' and ECGS for hosting. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the guest editor, Adrien Oth, for their constructive comments and reviews which improved the manuscript. A. Baltay was partially supported at Stanford by a Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship, as well as through financial support from Pacific Gas and Electric. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 171 IS 10 BP 2841 EP 2862 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0804-0 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT3YC UT WOS:000344870500018 ER PT J AU Koch, JC Kikuchi, CP Wickland, KP Schuster, P AF Koch, Joshua C. Kikuchi, Colin P. Wickland, Kimberly P. Schuster, Paul TI Runoff sources and flow paths in a partially burned, upland boreal catchment underlain by permafrost SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; permafrost; end-member mixing; boreal catchments; fire ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER REPELLENCY; ALPINE CATCHMENT; YUKON RIVER; SOIL PIPES; FIRE; THAW AB Boreal soils in permafrost regions contain vast quantities of frozen organic material that is released to terrestrial and aquatic environments via subsurface flow paths as permafrost thaws. Longer flow paths may allow chemical reduction of solutes, nutrients, and contaminants, with implications for greenhouse gas emissions and aqueous export. Predicting boreal catchment runoff is complicated by soil heterogeneities related to variability in active layer thickness, soil type, fire history, and preferential flow potential. By coupling measurements of permeability, infiltration potential, and water chemistry with a stream chemistry end-member mixing model, we tested the hypothesis that organic soils and burned slopes are the primary sources of runoff, and that runoff from burned soils is greater due to increased hydraulic connectivity. Organic soils were more permeable than mineral soils, and 25% of infiltration moved laterally upon reaching the organic-mineral soil boundary on unburned hillslopes. A large portion of the remaining water infiltrated into deeper, less permeable soils. In contrast, burned hillslopes displayed poorly defined soil horizons, allowing rapid, mineral-rich runoff through preferential pathways at various depths. On the catchment scale, mineral/organic runoff ratios averaged 1.6 and were as high as 5.2 for an individual storm. Our results suggest that burned soils are the dominant source of water and solutes reaching the stream in summer, whereas unburned soils may provide longer term storage and residence times necessary for production of anaerobic compounds. These results are relevant to predicting how boreal catchment drainage networks and stream export will evolve given continued warming and altered fire regimes. C1 [Koch, Joshua C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kikuchi, Colin P.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.; Schuster, Paul] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. RP Koch, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jkoch@usgs.gov OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU National Research Program of the USGS; USGS Climate Effects Network; Alaska Science Center FX This work was supported by the National Research Program of the USGS, the USGS Climate Effects Network, and Alaska Science Center funding award to P. Schuster, J. Koch, and K. Kikuchi. R. Striegl assisted in the study design and provided helpful comments on a previous draft of the manuscript. Invaluable field support was provided by D. Halm, M. Dornblaser, C. Steelman, K. Kelsey, J. Crawford, T. Drake, and J. Schwarz. We are indebted to several laboratories at the USGS in Boulder, CO, including K. Butler and G. Aiken for DOC analysis, and B. Uhle for major ion and water isotope analysis. R. Healy provided the Guelph permeamter and assistance with pan lysimeter design. K. Kelsey provided useful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers and M. Briggs for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Chemical data from this paper is archived by the National Research Program of the USGS. Other data and analyses are available from J. Koch. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 10 BP 8141 EP 8158 DI 10.1002/2014WR015586 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AT2RX UT WOS:000344783800036 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Day-Lewis, FD Ong, JB Harvey, JW Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Ong, John B. Harvey, Judson W. Lane, John W. TI Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mass-transfer; geophysics; porosity; tracer; hyporheic; contaminant transport ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; SURFACE-REACTIONS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; AQUIFER; SITE; DENITRIFICATION; STORAGE AB Models of dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) are used to explain anomalous aquifer transport behavior such as the slow release of contamination and solute tracer tailing. Traditional tracer experiments to characterize DDMT are performed at the flow path scale (meters), which inherently incorporates heterogeneous exchange processes; hence, estimated effective parameters are sensitive to experimental design (i.e., duration and injection velocity). Recently, electrical geophysical methods have been used to aid in the inference of DDMT parameters because, unlike traditional fluid sampling, electrical methods can directly sense less-mobile solute dynamics and can target specific points along subsurface flow paths. Here we propose an analytical framework for graphical parameter inference based on a simple petrophysical model explaining the hysteretic relation between measurements of bulk and fluid conductivity arising in the presence of DDMT at the local scale. Analysis is graphical and involves visual inspection of hysteresis patterns to (1) determine the size of paired mobile and less-mobile porosities and (2) identify the exchange rate coefficient through simple curve fitting. We demonstrate the approach using laboratory column experimental data, synthetic streambed experimental data, and field tracer-test data. Results from the analytical approach compare favorably with results from calibration of numerical models and also independent measurements of mobile and less-mobile porosity. We show that localized electrical hysteresis patterns resulting from diffusive exchange are independent of injection velocity, indicating that repeatable parameters can be extracted under varied experimental designs, and these parameters represent the true intrinsic properties of specific volumes of porous media of aquifers and hyporheic zones. Key Points Mass-transfer parameters are determined analytically from electrical hysteresis Analytical parameter estimates are local and insensitive to experimental design Model parameters are comparable to physically measured characteristics 10.1002/(ISSN)1944-7973= 4 earthquake in the Raton Basin, whereas 12 occurred between August 2001 and 2013. The statistical likelihood that such a rate change would occur if earthquakes behaved randomly in time is 3.0%. Moreover, this rate change is limited to the area of industrial activity. Earthquake rates remain low in the surrounding area. Second, the vast majority of the seismicity is within 5 km of active disposal wells and is shallow, ranging between 2 and 8 km depth. The two most carefully studied earthquake sequences in 2001 and 2011 have earthquakes within 2 km of high-volume, high-injection-rate wells. Third, injection wells in the area are commonly very high volume and high rate. Two wells adjacent to the August 2011 M 5.3 earthquake injected about 4.9 million cubic meters of wastewater before the earthquake, more than seven times the amount injected at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal well that caused damaging earthquakes near Denver, Colorado, in the 1960s. The August 2011 M 5.3 event is the second-largest earthquake to date for which there is clear evidence that the earthquake sequence was induced by fluid injection. C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Ellsworth, William L.; McGarr, Arthur] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Benz, Harley M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 28 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2162 EP 2181 DI 10.1785/0120140009 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700002 ER PT J AU Thompson, EM Wald, DJ Worden, CB AF Thompson, E. M. Wald, D. J. Worden, C. B. TI A V-S30 Map for California with Geologic and Topographic Constraints SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; SEISMIC SITE CONDITIONS; GROUND-MOTION; PROXY AB For many earthquake engineering applications, site response is estimated through empirical correlations with the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m depth (V-S30). These applications therefore depend on the availability of either site-specific V-S30 measurements or V-S30 maps at local, regional, and global scales. Because V-S30 measurements are sparse, a proxy frequently is needed to estimate V-S30 at unsampled locations. We present a new V-S30 map for California, which accounts for observational constraints from multiple sources and spatial scales, such as geology, topography, and site-specific V-S30 measurements. We apply the geostatistical approach of regression kriging (RK) to combine these constraints for predicting V-S30. For the V-S30 trend, we start with geology-based V-S30 values and identify two distinct trends between topographic gradient and the residuals from the geology V-S30 model. One trend applies to deep and fine Quaternary alluvium, whereas the second trend is slightly stronger and applies to Pleistocene sedimentary units. The RK framework ensures that the resulting map of California is locally refined to reflect the rapidly expanding database of V-S30 measurements throughout California. We compare the accuracy of the new mapping method to a previously developed map of V-S30 for California. We also illustrate the sensitivity of ground motions to the new V-S30 map by comparing real and scenario ShakeMaps with V-S30 values from our new map to those for existing V-S30 maps. C1 [Thompson, E. M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wald, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Worden, C. B.] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ethompson@mail.sdsu.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Intergovernmental Personnel Act mobility program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Intergovernmental Personnel Act mobility program. We thank Alan Yong, John Douglas, and two anonymous reviewers for providing technical reviews for this article. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2313 EP 2321 DI 10.1785/0120130312 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700013 ER PT J AU Eberhart-Phillips, D Thurber, C Fletcher, JB AF Eberhart-Phillips, Donna Thurber, Clifford Fletcher, Jon B. TI Imaging P and S Attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Region, Northern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITY STRUCTURE; FORE-ARC BASIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; GROUND-MOTION; FRANCISCO BAY; GREAT-VALLEY; OPHIOLITIC BASEMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN AB We obtain 3D Q(P) and Q(S) models for the Delta region of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, a large fluvial-agricultural portion of the Great Valley located between the Sierra Nevada batholith and the San Francisco Bay-Coast Ranges region of active faulting. Path attenuation t* values have been obtained for P and S data from 124 distributed earthquakes, with a longer variable window for S based on the energy integral. We use frequency dependence with an exponent of 0.5, consistent with other studies and weakly favored by the t* S data. A regional initial model was obtained by solving for Q as a function of seismic velocity. In the final model, the Great Valley basin has low Q, with very low Q(< 50) for the shallowest portion of the Delta. There is an underlying strong Q contrast to the ophiolite basement, which is thickest with highest Q under the Sacramento basin, and a change in structure is apparent across the Suisun Bay as a transition to thinner ophiolite. Moderately low Q is found in the upper crust west of the Delta region along the faults in the eastern North Bay area, whereas moderately high Q is found south of the Delta, implying potentially stronger ground motion for earthquake sources to the south. Very low Q values in the shallow crust along parts of the major fault zones may relate to sediment and abundant microfractures. In the lower crust below the San Andreas and Calaveras-Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault zones, the observed low Q is consistent with grain-size reduction in ductile shear zones and is lowest under the San Andreas, which has large cumulative strain. Similarly, moderately low Q in the ductile lower crust of the Bay area block between the major fault zones implies a broad distributed shear zone. C1 [Eberhart-Phillips, Donna] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Thurber, Clifford] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fletcher, Jon B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Eberhart-Phillips, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eberhartphillips@ucdavis.edu; thurber@geology.wisc.edu; jfletcher@usgs.gov FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction and National Geologic Mapping Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USGS, Department of the Interior, under USGS Award [G11AP20031] FX This work was supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction and National Geologic Mapping Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Research was supported by the USGS, Department of the Interior, under USGS Award Number G11AP20031 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. The manuscript benefitted from helpful reviews from Steve Hartzell, Fred Pollitz, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2322 EP 2336 DI 10.1785/0120130336 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700014 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Di Alessandro, C Abrahamson, NA AF Boore, David M. Di Alessandro, Carola Abrahamson, Norman A. TI A Generalization of the Double-Corner-Frequency Source Spectral Model and Its Use in the SCEC BBP Validation Exercise SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION RELATIONS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; POINT-SOURCE; CALIFORNIA; ATTENUATION; SIMULATION AB The stochastic method of simulating ground motions requires the specification of the shape and scaling with magnitude of the source spectrum. The spectral models commonly used are either single-corner-frequency or double-corner-frequency models, but the latter have no flexibility to vary the high-frequency spectral levels for a specified seismic moment. Two generalized double-corner-frequency omega(2) source spectral models are introduced, one in which two spectra are multiplied together and another where they are added. Both models have a low-frequency dependence controlled by the seismic moment and a high-frequency spectral level controlled by the seismic moment and a stress parameter. A wide range of spectral shapes can be obtained from these generalized spectral models, which makes them suitable for inversions of data to obtain spectral models that can be used in ground-motion simulations in situations in which adequate data are not available for purely empirical determinations of ground motions, such as in stable continental regions. As an example of the use of the generalized source spectral models, data from up to 40 stations from seven events, plus response spectra at two distances and two magnitudes from recent ground-motion prediction equations, were inverted to obtain the parameters controlling the spectral shapes, as well as a finite-fault factor that is used in point-source, stochastic-method simulations of ground motion. The fits to the data are comparable to or even better than those from finite-fault simulations, even for sites close to large earthquakes. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Di Alessandro, Carola] GeoPentech Inc, Santa Ana, CA 92701 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; Carola_DiAlessandro@geopentech.com; naa2@pge.com FU agency of the U.S. Government FX This paper was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2387 EP 2398 DI 10.1785/0120140138 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700019 ER PT J AU Harp, EL Hartzell, SH Jibson, RW Ramirez-Guzman, L Schmitt, RG AF Harp, Edwin L. Hartzell, Stephen H. Jibson, Randall W. Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Schmitt, Robert G. TI Relation of Landslides Triggered by the Kiholo Bay Earthquake to Modeled Ground Motion SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; PACOIMA-CANYON; LOS-ANGELES; ROCK FALLS; CALIFORNIA; SITE; AMPLIFICATION; VALIDATION; SIMULATION AB The 2006 Kiholo Bay, Hawaii, earthquake triggered high concentrations of rock falls and slides in the steep canyons of the Kohala Mountains along the north coast of Hawaii. Within these mountains and canyons a complex distribution of landslides was triggered by the earthquake shaking. In parts of the area, landslides were preferentially located on east-facing slopes, whereas in other parts of the canyons no systematic pattern prevailed with respect to slope aspect or vertical position on the slopes. The geology within the canyons is homogeneous, so we hypothesize that the variable landslide distribution is the result of localized variation in ground shaking; therefore, we used a state-of-the-art, high-resolution ground-motion simulation model to see if it could reproduce the landslide-distribution patterns. We used a 3D finite-element analysis to model earthquake shaking using a 10 m digital elevation model and slip on a finite-fault model constructed from teleseismic records of the mainshock. Ground velocity time histories were calculated up to a frequency of 5 Hz. Dynamic shear strain also was calculated and compared with the landslide distribution. Results were mixed for the velocity simulations, with some areas showing correlation of landslide locations with peak modeled ground motions but many other areas showing no such correlation. Results were much improved for the comparison with dynamic shear strain. This suggests that (1) rock falls and slides are possibly triggered by higher frequency ground motions (velocities) than those in our simulations, (2) the ground-motion velocity model needs more refinement, or (3) dynamic shear strain may be a more fundamental measurement of the decoupling process of slope materials during seismic shaking. C1 [Harp, Edwin L.; Hartzell, Stephen H.; Jibson, Randall W.; Schmitt, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn Coordinac Sismol & Instrumentac Sism, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Harp, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Schmitt, Robert/0000-0001-8060-1954 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2529 EP 2540 DI 10.1785/0120140047 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700029 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Thompson, EM AF Boore, David M. Thompson, Eric M. TI Path Durations for Use in the Stochastic-Method Simulation of Ground Motions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RANDOM-VIBRATION THEORY; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; RESPONSE SPECTRA; EARTHQUAKE; MODELS; ATTENUATION; PARAMETERS; FREQUENCY; GENERATION AB The stochastic method of ground-motion simulation assumes that the energy in a target spectrum is spread over a duration D-T. D-T is generally decomposed into the duration due to source effects (D-S) and to path effects (D-P). For the most commonly used source, seismological theory directly relates D-S to the source corner frequency, accounting for the magnitude scaling of D-T. In contrast, D-P is related to propagation effects that are more difficult to represent by analytic equations based on the physics of the process. We are primarily motivated to revisit D-T because the function currently employed by many implementations of the stochastic method for active tectonic regions underpredicts observed durations, leading to an overprediction of ground motions for a given target spectrum. Further, there is some inconsistency in the literature regarding which empirical duration corresponds to D-T. Thus, we begin by clarifying the relationship between empirical durations and D-T as used in the first author's implementation of the stochastic method, and then we develop a new D-P relationship. The new D-P function gives significantly longer durations than in the previous D-P function, but the relative contribution of D-P to D-T still diminishes with increasing magnitude. Thus, this correction is more important for small events or subfaults of larger events modeled with the stochastic finite-fault method. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thompson, Eric M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; ethompson@mail.sdsu.edu RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806 FU agency of the U.S. Government FX This paper was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. We thank Annemarie Baltay for useful discussions, Tadahiro Kishida for providing some of the time series used in the article, and K. Afshari and J. P. Stewart for providing us with their presentation given at the 2013 Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) annual meeting. We also thank Brad Aagaard, Annemarie Baltay, Giovanna Cultrera, Tom Hanks, and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments on the paper. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2541 EP 2552 DI 10.1785/0120140058 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700030 ER PT J AU Hanks, TC Bakun, WH AF Hanks, Thomas C. Bakun, William H. TI M-log A Models and Other Curiosities SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; A OBSERVATIONS; MAGNITUDE; RUPTURE; LENGTH; SLIP; CONSEQUENCES; DISPLACEMENT; AREA AB Magnitude (M)-log area (A) relations have been the focus of considerable research in the past two decades because of their importance in estimating moment magnitude M for earthquake probability calculations and seismic-hazard analysis. For M < 6.5 earthquakes, with source dimensions less than the seismogenic width W, there is a strong consensus for constant stress-drop scaling. For the larger earthquakes (M > 7) that dominate the moment balancing in continental crust, the L-model scaling employed by Hanks and Bakun (2002, 2008) involves fault slip growing with fault length L when L > W similar to 15 km or so, requiring that static stress drops increase with increasing fault slip. Constant stress-drop representations of the same larger-earthquake data, such as Shaw (2009, 2013), require slip at depths significantly greater than W similar to 15 km. Available evidence supports neither of these requirements leaving us perplexed as to how large-earthquake ruptures initiate and propagate in continental crust. Deep slip M-log A models that involve an unknown amount of seismic moment/earthquake slip at unknown depths > W are not appropriate for use in earthquake probability studies governed by shallow-slip (depths <= W) seismic moment/earthquake slip balancing, such as those in California during the twenty-first century. C1 [Hanks, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hanks, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2604 EP 2610 DI 10.1785/0120130163 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700039 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI Shaking from Injection-Induced Earthquakes in the Central and Eastern United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; INTENSITY DATA; OKLAHOMA; STRESS; TEXAS; ATTENUATION; CALIFORNIA; ARKANSAS; SEQUENCE; SPECTRA AB In this study, I consider the ground motions generated by 11 moderate (M-w 4.0-5.6) earthquakes in the central and eastern United States that are thought or suspected to be induced by fluid injection. Using spatially rich intensity data from the U.S. Geological Survey "Did You Feel It?" system, I show the distance decay of intensities for all events is consistent with that observed for tectonic earthquakes in the region, but for all of the events, intensities are lower than the values predicted from an intensity prediction equation that successfully characterizes intensities for regional tectonic events. I introduce an effective intensity magnitude M-IE, defined as the magnitude that on average would generate a given intensity distribution. For all 11 events, M-IE is lower than the event magnitude by 0.4-1.3 magnitude units, with an average difference of 0.82 units. This suggests stress drops of injection-induced earthquakes are systematically lower than tectonic earthquakes by an estimated factor of 2-10. However, relatively limited data suggest intensities for epicentral distances less than 10 km are more commensurate with expectations for the event magnitude, which can be reasonably explained by the shallow focal depth of the events. The results suggest damage from injection-induced earthquakes will be especially concentrated in the immediate epicentral region. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 22 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2619 EP 2626 DI 10.1785/0120140099 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR5TG UT WOS:000343645700041 ER PT J AU Egenhoff, S Fishman, N AF Egenhoff, Sven Fishman, Neil TI TRACES IN THE DARK-SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES AND FACIES GRADIENTS IN THE UPPER DEVONIAN-LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN UPPER SHALE MEMBER OF THE BAKKEN FORMATION, WILLISTON BASIN, NORTH DAKOTA, USA-REPLY SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLOCCULE RIPPLES C1 [Egenhoff, Sven] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fishman, Neil] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Egenhoff, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 84 IS 10 BP 839 EP 841 DI 10.2110/jsr.2014.74 PG 3 WC Geology SC Geology GA AR9EA UT WOS:000343873500005 ER PT J AU Buchinger, TJ Li, WM Johnson, NS AF Buchinger, Tyler J. Li, Weiming Johnson, Nicholas S. TI Bile Salts as Semiochemicals in Fish SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Review DE chemical cue; communication; electro-olfactogram; olfaction; pheromone ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; MALE SEA LAMPREY; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; EEL ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; AMINO-ACIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA AB Bile salts are potent olfactory stimuli in fishes; however the biological functions driving such sensitivity remain poorly understood. We provide an integrative review of bile salts as semiochemicals in fish. First, we present characteristics of bile salt structure, metabolism, and function that are particularly relevant to chemical communication. Bile salts display a systematic pattern of structural variation across taxa, are efficiently synthesized, and are stable in the environment. Bile salts are released into the water via the intestine, urinary tract, or gills, and are highly water soluble. Second, we consider the potential role of bile salts as semiochemicals in the contexts of detecting nearby fish, foraging, assessing risk, migrating, and spawning. Lastly, we suggest future studies on bile salts as semiochemicals further characterize release into the environment, behavioral responses by receivers, and directly test the biological contexts underlying olfactory sensitivity. C1 [Buchinger, Tyler J.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X EI 1464-3553 J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 IS 8 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1093/chemse/bju039 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA AR2JO UT WOS:000343410600001 PM 25151152 ER PT J AU Mandler, BE Donnelly-Nolan, JM Grove, TL AF Mandler, Ben E. Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. Grove, Timothy L. TI Straddling the tholeiitic/calc-alkaline transition: the effects of modest amounts of water on magmatic differentiation at Newberry Volcano, Oregon SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Experimental petrology; Fractional crystallization; Cascade arc; Newberry Volcano; Dacite ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALT; CRATER LAVA-FIELD; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; N-CALIFORNIA; ARC MAGMAS; TRACE-ELEMENT; THERMODYNAMIC MODELS; PRIMITIVE BASALTS AB Melting experiments have been performed at 1 bar (anhydrous) and 1- and 2-kbar H2O-saturated conditions to study the effect of water on the differentiation of a basaltic andesite. The starting material was a mafic pumice from the compositionally zoned tuff deposited during the similar to 75 ka caldera-forming eruption of Newberry Volcano, a rear-arc volcanic center in the central Oregon Cascades. Pumices in the tuff of Newberry caldera (TNC) span a continuous silica range from 53 to 74 wt% and feature an unusually high-Na2O content of 6.5 wt% at 67 wt% SiO2. This wide range of magmatic compositions erupted in a single event makes the TNC an excellent natural laboratory in which to study the conditions of magmatic differentiation. Our experimental results and mineral-melt hygrometers/thermometers yield similar estimates of pre-eruptive H2O contents and temperatures of the TNC liquids. The most primitive (mafic) basaltic andesites record a pre-eruptive H2O content of 1.5 wt% and a liquidus temperature of 1,060-1,070 degrees C at upper crustal pressure. This modest H2O content produces a distinctive fractionation trend that is much more enriched in Na, Fe, and Ti than the calc-alkaline trend typical of wetter arc magmas, but slightly less enriched in Fe and Ti than the tholeiitic trend of dry magmas. Modest H2O contents might be expected at Newberry Volcano given its location in the Cascade rear arc, and the same fractionation trend is also observed in the rim andesites of the rear-arc Medicine Lake volcano in the southern Cascades. However, the Na-Fe-Ti enrichment characteristic of modest H2O (1-2 wt%) is also observed to the west of Newberry in magmas erupted from the arc axis, such as the Shevlin Park Tuff and several lava flows from the Three Sisters. This shows that modest-H2O magmas are being generated directly beneath the arc axis as well as in the rear arc. Because liquid lines of descent are particularly sensitive to water content in the range of 0-3 wt% H2O, they provide a quantitative and reliable tool for precisely determining pre-eruptive H2O content using major-element data from pumices or lava flows. Coupled enrichment in Na, Fe, and Ti relative to the calc-alkaline trend is a general feature of fractional crystallization in the presence of modest amounts of H2O, which may be used to look for "damp" fractionation sequences elsewhere. C1 [Mandler, Ben E.; Grove, Timothy L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mandler, BE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bmandler@mit.edu FU NSF [EAR-0507486, EAR-1118598] FX We express our gratitude to Rick Conrey for providing data for the Shevlin Park Tuff, Jocelyn Fuentes for experimental and analytical insights into the Medicine Lake rim andesites, James Pershken for assistance with sample preparation, Jean-Arthur Olive for MATLAB wizardry, Neel Chatterjee for assistance with the electron microprobe, and Bob Jensen for field assistance. Thoughtful reviews from K. D. Putirka, M. N. Brounce, M. R. Perfit, and T. W. Sisson led to a stronger manuscript. Our thanks also go to J. Hoefs for editorial handling of this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF grants EAR-0507486 and EAR-1118598. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 168 IS 4 AR 1066 DI 10.1007/s00410-014-1066-7 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AR7II UT WOS:000343752400006 ER PT J AU Weir, LA Royle, JA Gazenski, KD Villena, O AF Weir, Linda A. Royle, J. Andrew Gazenski, Kimberly D. Villena, Oswaldo TI NORTHEAST REGIONAL AND STATE TRENDS IN ANURAN OCCUPANCY FROM CALLING SURVEY DATA (2001-2011) FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN AMPHIBIAN MONITORING PROGRAM SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian monitoring; calling survey; occupancy modeling; occupancy trends ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; OBSERVATION ERROR; POPULATION-CHANGE; MODELS; BIAS AB We present the first regional trends in anuran occupancy from North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) data from 11 northeastern states using 11 years of data. NAAMP is a long-term monitoring program where observers collect data at assigned random roadside routes using a calling survey technique. We assessed occupancy trends for 17 species. Eight species had regional trends whose 95% posterior interval did not include zero; of these seven were negative (Anaxyrus fowleri, Acris crepitans, Pseudacris brachyphona, Pseudacris feriarum-kalmi complex, Lithobates palustris, Lithobates pipiens, and Lithobates sphenocephalus) and one was positive (Hyla versicolor-chrysoscelis complex). We also assessed state level trends for 103 species/state combinations; of these, 29 showed a decline and nine showed an increase in occupancy. C1 [Weir, Linda A.; Royle, J. Andrew; Villena, Oswaldo] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Gazenski, Kimberly D.] IAP World Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Weir, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lweir@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU North East Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies [2010-04]; U.S. Geological Survey; State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program FX We thank all NAAMP observers and coordinators for their time and effort, which makes the NAAMP survey possible. We also thank the following people for technical assistance: Kinard Boone, Jang Byun, Brian DeMuth, Allison Sussman, and Mark Wimer. The preparation of this manuscript was partly supported by Regional Conservation Needs Grant (RNC Grant #2010-04) awarded by the North East Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and U.S. Geological Survey. State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program funding supports many of the state partners with coordination of NAAMP. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 BP 223 EP 245 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AR2FG UT WOS:000343398400001 ER PT J AU Filacchione, G Ciarniello, M Capaccioni, F Clark, RN Nicholson, PD Hedman, MM Cuzzi, JN Cruikshank, DP Ore, CMD Brown, RH Cerroni, P Altobelli, N Spilker, LJ AF Filacchione, G. Ciarniello, M. Capaccioni, F. Clark, R. N. Nicholson, P. D. Hedman, M. M. Cuzzi, J. N. Cruikshank, D. P. Ore, C. M. Dalle Brown, R. H. Cerroni, P. Altobelli, N. Spilker, L. J. TI Cassini-VIMS observations of Saturn's main rings: I. Spectral properties and temperature radial profiles variability with phase angle and elevation SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, rings; Spectroscopy; Ices ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; PARTICULATE SURFACES; THERMAL OBSERVATIONS; ICY SATELLITES; DARK MATERIAL; IAPETUS; SYSTEM; MODEL; PARTICLES; EMISSION AB The spectral properties and thermal behavior of Saturn's rings are determined from a dataset of ten radial mosaics acquired by Cassini-VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) between October 29th 2004 and January 27th 2010 with phase angle ranging between 5.7 degrees and 132.4 degrees and elevation angles between -23.5 degrees and 2.6 degrees. These observations, after reduction to spectrograms, e.g. 2D arrays containing the VIS-IR (0.35-5.1 mu m) spectral information versus radial distance from Saturn (from 73.500 to 141.375 km, 400 km/bin), allow us to compare the derived spectral and thermal properties of the ring particles on a common reference. Spectral properties: rings spectra are characterized by an intense reddening at visible wavelengths while they maintain a strong similarity with water ice in the infrared domain. Significant changes in VIS reddening, water ice abundance and grain sizes are observed across different radial regions resulting in correlation with optical depth and local structures. The availability of observations taken at very different phase angles allows us to examine spectrophotometric properties of the ring's particles. When observed at high phase angles, a remarkable increase of visible reddening and water ice band depths is found, probably as a consequence of the presence of a red-colored contaminant intimately mixed within water ice grains and of multiple scattering. At low phases the analysis of the 3.2-3.6 mu m range shows faint spectral signatures at 3.42-3.52 mu m which are compatible with the CH2 aliphatic stretch. The 3.29 mu m PAH aromatic stretch absorption is not clearly detectable on this dataset. VIMS results indicate that ring particles contain about 90-95% water ice while the remaining 5-10% is consistent with different contaminants like amorphous carbon or tholins. However, we cannot exclude the presence of nanophase iron or hematite produced by iron oxidation in the rings tenuous oxygen atmosphere, intimately mixed with the ice grains. Greater pollution caused by meteoritic material is seen in the C ring and Cassini division while the low levels of aliphatic material observed by VIMS in the A and B rings particles are an evidence that they are pristine. Thermal properties: the ring-particles' temperature is retrieved by fitting the spectral position of the 3.6 mu m continuum peak observed on reflectance spectra: in case of pure water ice the position of the peak, as measured in laboratory, shifts towards shorter wavelengths when temperature decreases, moving from about 3.65 mu m at 123 K to about 3.55 mu m at 88 K. When applied to VIMS rings observations, this method allows us to infer the average temperature across ring regions sampled through 400 km-wide radial bins. Comparing VIMS temperature radial profiles with similar CIRS measurements acquired at the same time we have found a substantial agreement between the two instruments' results across the A and B rings. In general VIMS measures higher temperatures than CIRS across C ring and Cassini division as a consequence of the lower optical depth and the resulting pollution that creates a deviation from pure water ice composition of these regions. VIMS results point out that across C ring and CD the 3.6 mu m peak wavelength is always higher than across B and A rings and therefore C ring and CD are warmer than A and B rings. VIMS observations allow us to investigate also diurnal and seasonal effects: comparing antisolar and subsolar ansae observations we have measured higher temperature on the latter. As the solar elevation angle decreases to 0 degrees (equinox), the peak's position shifts at shorter wavelengths because ring's particles becomes colder. Merging multi-wavelength data sets allow us to test different thermal models, combining the effects of particle albedo, regolith composition, grain size and thermal properties with the ring structures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Filacchione, G.; Ciarniello, M.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.] Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80228 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hedman, M. M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Cuzzi, J. N.; Cruikshank, D. P.; Ore, C. M. Dalle] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Altobelli, N.] ESA ESAC, Villanueva De La Canada, Spain. [Spilker, L. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Filacchione, G (reprint author), Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, Via Fosso Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 FU Italian Space Agency [I/015/09/0]; NASA through the Cassini project FX The authors thank Larry W. Esposito and Cecile Ferrari for the useful comments which improved the quality of the paper. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and was completed thanks to the financial support of the Italian Space Agency (grant I/015/09/0) and NASA through the Cassini project. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2014 VL 241 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.001 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AR5IG UT WOS:000343617900004 ER PT J AU Pritt, JJ Roseman, EF O'Brien, TP AF Pritt, Jeremy J. Roseman, Edward F. O'Brien, Timothy P. TI Mechanisms driving recruitment variability in fish: comparisons between the Laurentian Great Lakes and marine systems SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE larval fish; Laurentian Great Lakes; life history; recruitment ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; AGE-0 YELLOW PERCH; FRESH-WATER FISH; STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SPRAT SPRATTUS-SPRATTUS; BALTIC COD RECRUITMENT; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY AB In his seminal work, Hjort (in Fluctuations in the great fisheries of Northern Europe. Conseil Parmanent International Pour L'Exploration De La Mar. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux, 20: 1-228, 1914) observed that fish population levels fluctuated widely, year-class strength was set early in life, and egg production by adults could not alone explain variability in year-class strength. These observations laid the foundation for hypotheses on mechanisms driving recruitment variability in marine systems. More recently, researcher shave sought to explain year-class strength of important fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes and some of the hypotheses developed for marine fisheries have been transferred to Great Lakes fish. We conducted a literature review to determine the applicability of marine recruitment hypotheses to Great Lakes fish. We found that temperature, interspecific interactions, and spawner effects (abundance, age, and condition of adults) were the most important factors in explaining recruitment variability in Great Lakes fish, whereas relatively fewer studies identified bottom-up trophodynamic factors or hydrodynamic factors as important. Next, we compared recruitment between Great Lakes and Baltic Sea fish populations and found no statistical difference in factors driving recruitment between the two systems, indicating that recruitment hypotheses may often be transferable between Great Lakes and marine systems. Many recruitment hypotheses developed for marine fish have yet to be applied to Great Lakes fish. We suggest that future research on recruitment in the Great Lakes should focus on forecasting the effects of climate change and invasive species. Further, because the Great Lakes are smaller and more enclosed than marine systems, and have abundant fishery-independent data, they are excellent candidates for future hypothesis testing on recruitment in fish. C1 [Pritt, Jeremy J.; Roseman, Edward F.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pritt, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jeremy.pritt@rockets.utoledo.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 157 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 14 U2 70 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2252 EP 2267 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu080 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100025 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Cincotta, DA Raesly, RL AF Welsh, Stuart A. Cincotta, Daniel A. Raesly, Richard L. TI First Record of the Bigeye Shiner (Notropis boops) from West Virginia SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CYPRINIFORMES; CYPRINIDAE; TELEOSTEI; CHUB AB We report a population of Bigeye Shiner Notropis boops in the South Fork Hughes River drainage of the Little Kanawha River, West Virginia. A total of 27 individuals of N. boops were collected during five sampling efforts from 1999 to 2005. These specimens represent an addition to the state fauna, a distributional record for the Little Kanawha River, and an eastern range extension for this species on the Appalachian Plateau, West Virginia. Notropis boops in the South Fork Hughes River drainage likely represents a native population. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Cincotta, Daniel A.] Elkins Operat Ctr, West Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. [Raesly, Richard L.] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 172 IS 2 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ8YI UT WOS:000343125900015 ER PT J AU Bishop, JL Lane, MD Dyar, MD King, SJ Brown, AJ Swayze, GA AF Bishop, Janice L. Lane, Melissa D. Dyar, M. Darby King, Sara J. Brown, Adrian J. Swayze, Gregg A. TI Spectral properties of Ca-sulfates: Gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Gypsum; sulfate; reflectance spectra; emission spectra; infrared ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CALCIUM-SULFATE; SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; INFRARED-EMISSION; SEA-WATER; MU-M; MINERALS AB This study of the spectral properties of Ca-sulfates was initiated to support remote detection of these minerals on Mars. Gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite are the currently known forms of Ca-sulfates. They are typically found in sedimentary evaporites on Earth, but can also form via reaction of acidic fluids associated with volcanic activity. Reflectance, emission, transmittance, and Raman spectra are discussed here for various sample forms. Gypsum and bassanite spectra exhibit characteristic and distinct triplet bands near 1.4-1.5 mu m, a strong band near 1.93-1.94 mu m, and multiple features near 2.1-2.3 mu m attributed to H2O. Anhydrite, bassanite, and gypsum all have SO4 combination and overtone features from 4.2-5 mu m that are present in reflectance spectra. The mid-IR region spectra exhibit strong SO4 v(3) and v(4) vibrational bands near 1150-1200 and 600-680 cm(-1) (similar to 8.5 and 16 mu m), respectively. Additional weaker features are observed near 1005-1015 cm(-1) (similar to 10 mu m) for v(1) and near 470-510 cm(-1) (similar to 20 mu m) for v(2). The mid-IR H2O bending vibration occurs near 1623-1630 cm(-1) (similar to 6.2 mu m). The visible/near-infrared region spectra are brighter for the finer-grained samples. In reflectance and emission spectra of the mid-IR region the v(4) bands begin to invert for the finer-grained samples, and the v(1) vibration occurs as a band instead of a peak and has the strongest intensity for the finer-grained samples. The v(2) vibration is a sharp band for anhydrite and a broad peak for gypsum. The band center of the v(1) vibration follows a trend of decreasing frequency (increasing wavelength) with increasing hydration of the sample in the transmittance, Raman, and reflectance spectra. Anhydrite forms at elevated temperatures compared to gypsum, and at lower temperature, salt concentration, and pH than bassanite. The relative humidity controls whether bassanite or gypsum is stable. Thus, distinguishing among gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite via remote sensing can provide constraints on the geochemical environment. C1 [Bishop, Janice L.; King, Sara J.; Brown, Adrian J.] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Lane, Melissa D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dyar, M. Darby] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bishop, JL (reprint author), Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM jbishop@seti.org FU NASA's Mars Fundamental Research Program Grant [NNX11AF116]; PGGURP program FX We are grateful for support from NASA's Mars Fundamental Research Program Grant NNX11AF116. We also thank T. Hiroi at Brown University's RELAB for measuring many of the reflectance spectra used in the study and the PGGURP program for providing support for S. King. Thoughtful comments from Karly Pitman and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work is PSI Contribution Number 607. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 50 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 99 IS 10 BP 2105 EP 2115 DI 10.2138/am-2014-4756 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AQ6XH UT WOS:000342956700030 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Dunham, JB McEnroe, JR Lightcap, SW AF Clark, Steven M. Dunham, Jason B. McEnroe, Jeffrey R. Lightcap, Scott W. TI Breeding site selection by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to large wood additions and factors that influence reproductive success SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; DEPENDENT HABITAT SELECTION; CHINOOK SALMON; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; PACIFIC SALMON; BULL TROUT; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; SPAWNING HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT AB The fitness of female Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) with respect to breeding behavior can be partitioned into at least four fitness components: survival to reproduction, competition for breeding sites, success of egg incubation, and suitability of the local environment near breeding sites for early rearing of juveniles. We evaluated the relative influences of habitat features linked to these fitness components with respect to selection of breeding sites by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We also evaluated associations between breeding site selection and additions of large wood, as the latter were introduced into the study system as a means of restoring habitat conditions to benefit coho salmon. We used a model selection approach to organize specific habitat features into groupings reflecting fitness components and influences of large wood. Results of this work suggest that female coho salmon likely select breeding sites based on a wide range of habitat features linked to all four hypothesized fitness components. More specifically, model parameter estimates indicated that breeding site selection was most strongly influenced by proximity to pool-tail crests and deeper water (mean and maximum depths). Linkages between large wood and breeding site selection were less clear. Overall, our findings suggest that breeding site selection by coho salmon is influenced by a suite of fitness components in addition to the egg incubation environment, which has been the emphasis of much work in the past. C1 [Clark, Steven M.; McEnroe, Jeffrey R.; Lightcap, Scott W.] Bur Land Management, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clark, SM (reprint author), Bur Land Management, 777 NW Garden Valley Blvd, Roseburg, OR 97471 USA. EM smclark@blm.gov FU US Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers FX This research was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for S. M. Clark to receive an M. S. degree in Fisheries Science in the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University. We are grateful to the Department for their support, as well as support provided by the US Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers. Field assistance was provided primarily by B. Ramirez, J. Blake, and R. Gonzalez. Many others provided key advice and support during the study, including D. Bateman, E. Campbell, R. Gonzalez, D. Hance, M. Heck, K. Kirkby, R. Lovelford, D. Leer, B. Penaluna, I. Arismendi, and J. Speece. Reviews on an early draft of this manuscript were provided by R. Flitcroft and D. Warren. Use of any trade or firm names in this manuscript is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0020 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ8YE UT WOS:000343125500006 ER PT J AU Manning, NF Bossenbroek, JM Mayer, CM Bunnell, DB Tyson, JT Rudstam, LG Jackson, JR AF Manning, Nathan F. Bossenbroek, Jonathan M. Mayer, Christine M. Bunnell, David B. Tyson, Jeff T. Rudstam, Lars G. Jackson, James R. TI Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; SIZE-DEPENDENT PREDATION; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; ONEIDA LAKE; LAND-USE; LARGEMOUTH BASS AB We sought to quantify the possible population-level influence of sediment plumes and algal blooms on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a visual predator found in systems with dynamic water clarity. We used an individual-based model (IBM), which allowed us to include variance in water clarity and the distribution of individual sizes. Our IBM was built with laboratory data showing that larval yellow perch feeding rates increased slightly as sediment turbidity level increased, but that both larval and juvenile yellow perch feeding rates decreased as phytoplankton level increased. Our IBM explained a majority of the variance in yellow perch length in data from the western and central basins of Lake Erie and Oneida Lake, with R-2 values ranging from 0.611 to 0.742. Starvation mortality was size dependent, as the greatest daily mortality rates in each simulation occurred within days of each other. Our model showed that turbidity-dependent consumption rates and temperature are key components in determining growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch, linking fish production to land-based processes that influence water clarity. These results suggest the timing and persistence of sediment plumes and algal blooms can drastically alter the growth potential and starvation mortality of a yellow perch cohort. C1 [Manning, Nathan F.; Bossenbroek, Jonathan M.; Mayer, Christine M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. [Manning, Nathan F.; Bossenbroek, Jonathan M.; Mayer, Christine M.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Tyson, Jeff T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jackson, James R.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. RP Manning, NF (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. EM nfmanning@gmail.com OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundation [NSF DGE-0742395]; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program through New York State Department of Environmental Conservation FX The authors thank the members of the Mayer and Bossenbroek labs at the University of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the National Science Foundation through grant No. NSF DGE-0742395 to the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center, "Graduate Learning Community at the Land-Lake Ecosystem Interface." This is publication 2014-02 from the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center and contribution No. 1859 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Field collections on Oneida Lake were supported by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program through grants from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to the Cornell Biological Field Station. Numerous faculty, staff, and students participated in data collection and processing, including John Forney, Tony VanDeValk, and Tom Brooking. Authors appear in order of contribution to this manuscript. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1544 EP 1553 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0528 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ8YE UT WOS:000343125500010 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Arlinghaus, R Bartley, DM Beard, TD Cowx, IG Essington, TE Jensen, OP Lynch, A Taylor, WW Watson, R AF Cooke, S. J. Arlinghaus, R. Bartley, D. M. Beard, T. D. Cowx, I. G. Essington, T. E. Jensen, O. P. Lynch, A. Taylor, W. W. Watson, R. TI Where the waters meet: sharing ideas and experiences between inland and marine realms to promote sustainable fisheries management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; RECREATIONAL-FISHERIES; PROTECTED AREAS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FOOD SECURITY; GLOBAL FISHERIES; FRESH-WATERS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; STRATEGIES AB Although inland and marine environments, their fisheries, fishery managers, and the realm-specific management approaches are often different, there are a surprising number of similarities that frequently go unrecognized. We contend that there is much to be gained by greater cross-fertilization and exchange of ideas and strategies between realms and the people who manage them. The purpose of this paper is to provide examples of the potential or demonstrated benefits of working across aquatic boundaries for enhanced sustainable management of the world's fisheries resources. Examples include the need to (1) engage in habitat management and protection as the foundation for fisheries, (2) rethink institutional arrangements and management for open-access fisheries systems, (3) establish "reference points" and harvest control rules, (4) engage in integrated management approaches, (5) reap conservation benefits from the link to fish as food, and (6) reframe conservation and management of fish to better engage the public and industry. Cross-fertilization and knowledge transfer between realms could be realized using environment-independent curricula and symposia, joint scientific advisory councils for management, integrated development projects, and cross-realm policy dialogue. Given the interdependence of marine and inland fisheries, promoting discussion between the realms has the potential to promote meaningful advances in managing global fisheries. C1 [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Arlinghaus, R.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Arlinghaus, R.] Humboldt Univ, Chair Integrat Fisheries Management, Fac Life Sci, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Arlinghaus, R.] Humboldt Univ, Integrat Res Inst Transformat Human Environm Syst, Fac Life Sci, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Bartley, D. M.] UN, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Food & Agr Org, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Beard, T. D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cowx, I. G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Essington, T. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jensen, O. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Lynch, A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lynch, A.; Taylor, W. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Watson, R.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM steven_cooke@carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Canada Research Chairs Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Program on Social-Ecological Research by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Besatzfisch) [01UU0907] FX This contribution emerged from one of the themes (i.e., working across boundaries) covered by S.J.C. as part of the J.C. Stevenson Memorial Lectureship at the Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research in Windsor, Ontario, January 2013. S.J.C. is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. R. A. was funded by the Program on Social-Ecological Research by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Besatzfisch, grant No. 01UU0907). We thank Nancy Leonard for comments on the manuscript and Keith Stamplecoskie and Robert Lennox for formatting it. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. NR 109 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1593 EP 1601 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0176 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ8YE UT WOS:000343125500015 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Tinsley, K Erickson, RA Thogmartin, WE Szymanski, J AF Russell, Robin E. Tinsley, Karl Erickson, Richard A. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Szymanski, Jennifer TI Estimating the spatial distribution of wintering little brown bat populations in the eastern United States SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bats; decision-making; Myotis lucifugus; spatial modeling; species distribution modeling; white-nose syndrome ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; UNCERTAINTY; MODELS; PREDICTION; WINBUGS; DISEASE; IMPACT AB Depicting the spatial distribution of wildlife species is an important first step in developing management and conservation programs for particular species. Accurate representation of a species distribution is important for predicting the effects of climate change, land-use change, management activities, disease, and other landscape-level processes on wildlife populations. We developed models to estimate the spatial distribution of little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) wintering populations in the United States east of the 100th meridian, based on known hibernacula locations. From this data, we developed several scenarios of wintering population counts per county that incorporated uncertainty in the spatial distribution of the hibernacula as well as uncertainty in the size of the current little brown bat population. We assessed the variability in our results resulting from effects of uncertainty. Despite considerable uncertainty in the known locations of overwintering little brown bats in the eastern United States, we believe that models accurately depicting the effects of the uncertainty are useful for making management decisions as these models are a coherent organization of the best available information. C1 [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Tinsley, Karl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Bloomington, MN USA. [Erickson, Richard A.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Onalaska, WI USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 4 IS 19 BP 3746 EP 3754 DI 10.1002/ece3.1215 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AQ9KM UT WOS:000343171400003 PM 25614789 ER PT J AU Masoner, JR Kolpin, DW Furlong, ET Cozzarelli, IM Gray, JL Schwab, EA AF Masoner, Jason R. Kolpin, Dana W. Furlong, Edward T. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Gray, James L. Schwab, Eric A. TI Contaminants of emerging concern in fresh leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; WATER; FISH; ATTENUATION; POPULATION; POLLUTANTS; TRANSPORT; ESTROGEN AB To better understand the composition of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in landfill leachate, fresh leachate from 19 landfills was sampled across the United States during 2011. The sampled network included 12 municipal and 7 private landfills with varying landfill waste compositions, geographic and climatic settings, ages of waste, waste loads, and leachate production. A total of 129 out of 202 CECs were detected during this study, including 62 prescription pharmaceuticals, 23 industrial chemicals, 18 nonprescription pharmaceuticals, 16 household chemicals, 6 steroid hormones, and 4 plant/animal sterols. CECs were detected in every leachate sample, with the total number of detected CECs in samples ranging from 6 to 82 (median = 31). Bisphenol A (SPA), cotinine, and N,N-diethyltoluamide (DEET) were the most frequently detected CECs, being found in 95% of the leachate samples, followed by lidocaine (89%) and camphor (84%). Other frequently detected CECs included benzophenone, naphthalene, and amphetamine, each detected in 79% of the leachate samples. CEC concentrations spanned six orders of magnitude, ranging from ng L-1 to mg L-1. Industrial and household chemicals were measured in the greatest concentrations, composing more than 82% of the total measured CEC concentrations. Maximum concentrations for three household and industrial chemicals, para-cresol (7 020 000 ng L-1), SPA (6 380 000 ng L-1), and phenol (1 550 000 ng L-1), were the largest measured, with these CECs composing 70% of the total measured CEC concentrations. Nonprescription pharmaceuticals represented 12%, plant/animal sterols 4%, prescription pharmaceuticals 1%, and steroid hormones <1% of the total measured CEC concentrations. Leachate from landfills in areas receiving greater amounts of precipitation had greater frequencies of CEC detections and concentrations in leachate than landfills receiving less precipitation. C1 [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Gray, James L.; Schwab, Eric A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Masoner, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 202 NW 66th Bldg 7, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. EM jmasoner@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Oklahoma Water Science Center FX Access to landfill sites and sampling was done through a collaborative effort that included private solid-waste companies, State environmental agencies, and County and municipal governments. The review comments of Robert Eganhouse, Don Tillet, Stan Paxton, and William Andrews greatly improved this manuscript. This project was supported by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and USGS Oklahoma Water Science Center. Special thanks to Kevin Smith and Jeanne Jaeschke for helping with preparation of sampling equipment and supplies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 59 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PD OCT PY 2014 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2335 EP 2354 DI 10.1039/c4em00124a PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ9SP UT WOS:000343196600012 PM 25111596 ER PT J AU Arnold, WA Longnecker, K Kroeger, KD Kujawinski, EB AF Arnold, William A. Longnecker, Krista Kroeger, Kevin D. Kujawinski, Elizabeth B. TI Molecular signature of organic nitrogen in septic-impacted groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; CAPE-COD; SOURCE MARKERS; FULVIC-ACIDS; MATTER; DISCHARGE; SPECTRA; CONTAMINANTS; EFFLUENT AB Dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen levels are elevated in aquatic systems due to anthropogenic activities. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) arises from various sources, and its impact could be more clearly constrained if specific sources were identified and if the molecular-level composition of DON were better understood. In this work, the pharmaceutical carbamazepine was used to identify septic-impacted groundwater in a coastal watershed. Using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry data, the nitrogen-containing features of the dissolved organic matter in septic-impacted and non-impacted samples were compared. The septic-impacted groundwater samples have a larger abundance of nitrogen-containing formulas. Impacted samples have additional DON features in the regions ascribed as 'protein-like' and 'lipid-like' in van Krevelen space and have more intense nitrogen-containing features in a specific region of a carbon versus mass plot. These features are potential indicators of dissolved organic nitrogen arising from septic effluents, and this work suggests that ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry is a valuable tool to identify and characterize sources of DON. C1 [Arnold, William A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Environm & Geoengn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Arnold, William A.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Longnecker, Krista; Kujawinski, Elizabeth B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kroeger, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Arnold, WA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Environm & Geoengn, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM arnol032@umn.edu OI Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349; Arnold, William/0000-0003-0814-5469 FU Deep Ocean Exploration and Coastal Ocean Institutes at WHOI; University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment FX Thanks to Melissa Kido Soule for performing the carbamazepine and ESI-FT-ICR-MS analyses, Paul Henderson for performing the nutrient analyses, Yina Liu for assistance with MATLAB, the U.S. Geological Survey (Denis LeBlanc and John Colman) for assistance with sampling at Site D and providing additional water quality data, and Matthew Charette for helpful discussions. The Deep Ocean Exploration and Coastal Ocean Institutes at WHOI and the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment are thanked for financial support. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PD OCT PY 2014 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2400 EP 2407 DI 10.1039/c4em00289j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ9SP UT WOS:000343196600018 PM 25142948 ER PT J AU D'Alba, L Van Hemert, C Spencer, KA Heidinger, BJ Gill, L Evans, NP Monaghan, P Handel, CM Shawkey, MD AF D'Alba, Liliana Van Hemert, Caroline Spencer, Karen A. Heidinger, Britt J. Gill, Lisa Evans, Neil P. Monaghan, Pat Handel, Colleen M. Shawkey, Matthew D. TI Melanin-Based Color of Plumage: Role of Condition and of Feathers' Microstructure SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; INTERNAL ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; AVIAN KERATIN DISORDER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POECILE-ATRICAPILLUS; BEAK DEFORMITIES; ZEBRA FINCHES; CORTICOSTERONE; BIRDS; STRESS AB Whether melanin-based colors honestly signal a bird's condition during the growth of feathers is controversial, and it is unclear if, or how, the physiological processes underlying melanogenesis or the role of the microstructure of feathers in imparting structural color to feathers may be adversely affected by condition. Here, we report results from two experiments designed to measure the effect of condition on expression of eumelanic and pheomelanic coloration in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), respectively. In chickadees, we compared feathers of birds affected and unaffected by avian keratin disorder, whereas in zebra finches we compared feathers of controls with feathers of those subjected to an unpredictable food supply during development. In both cases, we found that control birds had brighter feathers (higher total reflectance) and more barbules, but similar densities of melanosomes. In addition, the microstructure of the feathers explained variation in color more strongly than did melanosome density. Together, these results suggest that melanin-based coloration may in part be condition-dependent, but that this may be driven by changes in keratin and feather development, rather than melanogenesis itself. Researchers should be cautious when assigning variation in melanin-based color to melanin alone and microstructure of the feather should be taken into account. C1 [D'Alba, Liliana; Shawkey, Matthew D.] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Spencer, Karen A.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol & Neurosci, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Heidinger, Britt J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gill, Lisa] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Seewiesen, Germany. [Evans, Neil P.; Monaghan, Pat] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP D'Alba, L (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM liliana@uakron.edu RI Spencer, Karen/B-3177-2015; Monaghan, Pat/E-6810-2015; OI Spencer, Karen/0000-0002-2851-9379; Shawkey, Matthew/0000-0002-5131-8209; D'Alba, Liliana/0000-0002-2478-3455; Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) [RGY-0083]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-13-1-0222]; BBSRC; National Science Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Standard Grant [BB/D010896/1]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) RGY-0083 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FA9550-13-1-0222 grants [to M. D. S.]; BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship [to K. A. S.]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [to C. V.]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Standard Grant [BB/D010896/1 to K. A. S.]; and the U.S. Geological Survey [to C.M.H.]. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 633 EP 644 DI 10.1093/icb/icu094 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AR1BM UT WOS:000343314700010 PM 24987010 ER PT J AU Knutson, KC Pyke, DA Wirth, TA Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS Brooks, ML Chambers, JC Grace, JB AF Knutson, Kevin C. Pyke, David A. Wirth, Troy A. Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. Brooks, Matthew L. Chambers, Jeanne C. Grace, James B. TI Long-term effects of seeding after wildfire on vegetation in Great Basin shrubland ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerial seeding; Artemisia tridentata; Bromus; cheatgrass; drill seeding; exotic annuals; non-native annuals; restoration; sagebrush; semi-arid ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; TUSSOCK GRASSES; FIRE; SAGEBRUSH; DISTURBANCE; RANGELANDS; INCREASES; EROSION; USA AB 1. Invasive annual grasses alter fire regimes in shrubland ecosystems of the western USA, threatening ecosystem function and fragmenting habitats necessary for shrub-obligate species such as greater sage-grouse. Post-fire stabilization and rehabilitation treatments have been administered to stabilize soils, reduce invasive species spread and restore or establish sustainable ecosystems in which native species are well represented. Long-term effectiveness of these treatments has rarely been evaluated. 2. We studied vegetation at 88 sites where aerial or drill seeding was implemented following fires between 1990 and 2003 in Great Basin (USA) shrublands. We examined sites on loamy soils that burned only once since 1970 to eliminate confounding effects of recurrent fire and to assess soils most conducive to establishment of seeded species. We evaluated whether seeding provided greater cover of perennial seeded species than burned-unseeded and unburned-unseeded sites, while also accounting for environmental variation. 3. Post-fire seeding of native perennial grasses generally did not increase cover relative to burned-unseeded areas. Native perennial grass cover did, however, increase after drill seeding when competitive non-natives were not included in mixes. Seeding non-native perennial grasses and the shrub Bassia prostrata resulted in more vegetative cover in aerial and drill seeding, with non-native perennial grass cover increasing with annual precipitation. Seeding native shrubs, particularly Artemisia tridentata, did not increase shrub cover or density in burned areas. Cover of undesirable, non-native annual grasses was lower in drill seeded relative to unseeded areas, but only at higher elevations. 4. Synthesis and applications. Management objectives are more likely to be met in high-elevation or precipitation locations where establishment of perennial grasses occurred. On lower and drier sites, management objectives are unlikely to be met with seeding alone. Intensive restoration methods such as invasive plant control and/or repeated sowings after establishment failures due to weather may be required in subsequent years. Managers might consider using native-only seed mixtures when establishment of native perennial grasses is the goal. Post-fire rehabilitation provides a land treatment example where long-term monitoring can inform adaptive management decisions to meet future objectives, particularly in arid landscapes where recovery is slow. C1 [Knutson, Kevin C.; Pyke, David A.; Wirth, Troy A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Programme [09-S-02-1]; US Geological Survey FX Project was funded by Joint Fire Science Programme (project ID 09-S-02-1) and US Geological Survey. Authors thank BLM offices and personnel for data and advice; J. Welty for LTDL assistance; A. Muldoon for statistical advice; field crew members; M. Pellant, J. James, M. Cadotte and one anonymous reviewer for improving manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1414 EP 1424 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12309 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5LS UT WOS:000342851300031 ER PT J AU Clement, MJ Rodhouse, TJ Ormsbee, PC Szewczak, JM Nichols, JD AF Clement, Matthew J. Rodhouse, Thomas J. Ormsbee, Patricia C. Szewczak, Joseph M. Nichols, James D. TI Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic survey; Chiroptera; conditional probability of occupancy; detection; false positive; mist-net survey; Myotis lucifugus; SonoBat; species identification ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ULTRASONIC DETECTORS; FIELD IDENTIFICATION; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; MYOTIS-YUMANENSIS; OBSERVATION ERROR; POINT COUNTS; CLASSIFICATION AB 1. Acoustic surveys have become a common survey method for bats and other vocal taxa. Previous work shows that bat echolocation may be misidentified, but common analytic methods, such as occupancy models, assume that misidentifications do not occur. Unless rare, such misidentifications could lead to incorrect inferences with significant management implications. 2. We fit a false-positive occupancy model to data from paired bat detector and mist-net surveys to estimate probability of presence when survey data may include false positives. We compared estimated occupancy and detection rates to those obtained from a standard occupancy model. We also derived a formula to estimate the probability that bats were present at a site given its detection history. As an example, we analysed survey data for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus from 135 sites in Washington and Oregon, USA. 3. We estimated that at an unoccupied site, acoustic surveys had a 14% chance per night of producing spurious M. lucifugus detections. Estimated detection rates were higher and occupancy rates were lower under the false-positive model, relative to a standard occupancy model. Un-modelled false positives also affected inferences about occupancy at individual sites. For example, probability of occupancy at individual sites with acoustic detections but no captures ranged from 2% to 100% under the false-positive occupancy model, but was always 100% under a standard occupancy model. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that false positives sufficient to affect inferences may be common in acoustic surveys for bats. We demonstrate an approach that can estimate occupancy, regardless of the false-positive rate, when acoustic surveys are paired with capture surveys. Applications of this approach include monitoring the spread of White-Nose Syndrome, estimating the impact of climate change and informing conservation listing decisions. We calculate a site-specific probability of occupancy, conditional on survey results, which could inform local permitting decisions, such as for wind energy projects. More generally, the magnitude of false positives suggests that false-positive occupancy models can improve accuracy in research and monitoring of bats and provide wildlife managers with more reliable information. C1 [Clement, Matthew J.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Bend, OR 97701 USA. [Szewczak, Joseph M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Clement, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mclement@usgs.gov RI Clement, Matthew/D-1251-2013; OI Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU U.S. Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; Department of Defense Legacy Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Division of Endangered Species; National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network FX We thank Wayne Thogmartin and 2 anonymous referees for their constructive comments on the initial manuscript. Funding for the Bat Grid was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and Department of Defense Legacy Program. The US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Division of Endangered Species funded the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript. The National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network provided additional funding and support. We thank the many contributors to the Bat Grid, particularly Aimee Hart for her devoted efforts in the field and with the data base. Without their extraordinary effort, this research would not have been possible. Lew Cousineau provided invaluable data management support. Jeremy Hobson provided GIS support. J.M.S. developed and operates SONOBAT. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1460 EP 1467 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12303 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5LS UT WOS:000342851300036 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Malyshev, SL Shevliakova, E Dunne, KA Findell, KL Gleeson, T Liang, Z Phillipps, P Stouffer, RJ Swenson, S AF Milly, P. C. D. Malyshev, Sergey L. Shevliakova, Elena Dunne, Krista A. Findell, Kirsten L. Gleeson, Tom Liang, Zhi Phillipps, Peter Stouffer, Ronald J. Swenson, Sean TI An Enhanced Model of Land Water and Energy for Global Hydrologic and Earth-System Studies SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PART I; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; SURFACE HYDROLOGY; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE; FORMULATION; MOISTURE; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY AB LM3 is a new model of terrestrial water, energy, and carbon, intended for use in global hydrologic analyses and as a component of earth-system and physical-climate models. It is designed to improve upon the performance and to extend the scope of the predecessor Land Dynamics (LaD) and LM3V models by better quantifying the physical controls of climate and biogeochemistry and by relating more directly to components of the global water system that touch human concerns. LM3 includes multilayer representations of temperature, liquid water content, and ice content of both snowpack and macroporous soil bedrock; topography-based description of saturated area and groundwater discharge; and transport of runoff to the ocean via a global river and lake network. Sensible heat transport by water mass is accounted throughout for a complete energy balance. Carbon and vegetation dynamics and biophysics are represented as in LM3V. In numerical experiments, LM3 avoids some of the limitations of the LaD model and provides qualitatively (though not always quantitatively) reasonable estimates, from a global perspective, of observed spatial and/or temporal variations of vegetation density, albedo, streamflow, water-table depth, permafrost, and lake levels. Amplitude and phase of annual cycle of total water storage are simulated well. Realism of modeled lake levels varies widely. The water table tends to be consistently too shallow in humid regions. Biophysical properties have an artificial stepwise spatial structure, and equilibrium vegetation is sensitive to initial conditions. Explicit resolution of thick (>100 m) unsaturated zones and permafrost is possible, but only at the cost of long (>> 300 yr) model spinup times. C1 [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.; Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena; Dunne, Krista A.; Findell, Kirsten L.; Liang, Zhi; Phillipps, Peter; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gleeson, Tom] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Liang, Zhi] Dynam Res Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Swenson, Sean] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30373]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1430081] FX We acknowledge helpful advice from R. E. Dickinson, D. P. Lettenmaier, S. W. Hostetler, and two anonymous reviewers. Jia Wang provided data on Great Lakes ice cover. Support was provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant 2011-67003-30373; by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Award NA08OAR4320752; and by NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Subcontract 1430081. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1761 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ7AG UT WOS:000342964400002 ER PT J AU Ott-Conn, CN Clifford, D Branston, T Klinger, R Foley, J AF Ott-Conn, Caitlin N. Clifford, Deana Branston, Tammy Klinger, Robert Foley, Janet TI PATHOGEN INFECTION AND EXPOSURE, AND ECTOPARASITES OF THE FEDERALLY ENDANGERED AMARGOSA VOLE (MICROTUS CALIFORNICUS SCIRPENSIS), CALIFORNIA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amargosa vole; ectoparasite load; Ixodes minor; Microtus californicus scirpensis; toxoplasmosis; zoonotic pathogen ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DISEASE; VECTOR; TICK; IDENTIFICATION; RODENTS; AGENTS; GENE AB We surveyed pathogens and ectoparasites among federally endangered Amargosa voles (Microtus californicus scirpensis) and sympatric rodents in Tecopa Hot Springs, Inyo County, California, December 2011 November 2012. We aimed to assess disease and detect possible spillover from or connectivity with other hosts within and outside the Amargosa ecosystem. We assessed 71 individual voles and 38 individual sympatric rodents for current infection with seven vector-borne zoonotic pathogens and past exposure to five pathogens. Thirteen percent of Amargosa voles were PCR positive for Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan that may alter host behavior or cause mortality. Additionally, we found antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (SL) spp. in 21% of voles, against Anaplasma phagocytophilum in 2.6%, Rickettsia spp. in 13%, relapsing fever Borrelia (3.9%), and T. gondii (7.9%). Sympatric rodents also had active infections with Borrelia SL spp. (15%). Of the ectoparasites collected, the tick Ixodes minor is of particular interest because the study area is well outside of the species' reported range and because I. minor ticks infest migratory birds as well as rodents, showing a potential mechanism for pathogens to be imported from outside the Amargosa ecosystem. C1 [Ott-Conn, Caitlin N.; Foley, Janet] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clifford, Deana] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Clifford, Deana] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Branston, Tammy] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Klinger, Robert] US Geol Survey, Yosemite Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Foley, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jefoley@ucdavis.eau FU Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Bureau of Land Management FX This project was supported by the Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Bureau of Land Management. The authors would like to thank the following for their support and contributions: Daniel Rejmanek, S. Joy Worth, Tyler Petroelje, Nicole Stephenson, Amanda Poulsen, Jen Truong, Mary Straub, Adrian Ybanez, Pauline Freycon, The Amargosa Conservancy, Judy Palmer, Susan Sorrells, Len Warren, Molly Hansen, Chris Conroy, Russell Scofield, Scott Osburn, Carl Benz, Danielle Dillard, and Wayne Belcher. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 767 EP 776 DI 10.7589/2013-09-248 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ8LB UT WOS:000343075900005 PM 25121407 ER PT J AU Pipas, MJ Page, LK Kazacos, KR AF Pipas, Michael J. Page, L. Kristen Kazacos, Kevin R. TI SURVEILLANCE FOR BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) FROM WYOMING, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Baylisascaris procyonis; nematode; Procyon lotor; raccoon; raccoon roundworm; surveillance; Wyoming; zoonosis ID LARVA MIGRANS; PREVALENCE; ROUNDWORM; INTENSITY; EGGS AB Baylisascaris procyonis is a common roundworm of raccoons that causes severe clinical disease in many vertebrates, including humans. The distribution of B. procyonis in the US is poorly documented in portions of its range and has not been reported from Wyoming. Our objectives were to determine the statewide distribution and prevalence of this parasite in raccoons Wyoming, using intestinal and fecal examinations. We examined 363 raccoons from 23 Wyoming counties in 2009-11, testing the reliability of two methods (intestinal extrusion and incision) to determine worm burdens. We found 163 raccoons (45%) positive for B. procyonis. The two methods of examination did not differ, although extrusion missed some infections. Neither age nor sex affected apparent prevalence or worm burdens. Prevalence did not differ with land use, yet burden was highest among rural raccoons. Fecal examination revealed that juvenile raccoons had a higher proportion of patent infections than adults, but neither sex nor location were indicators of prevalence. Egg density (eggs per gram of feces) did not differ by sex or age; however, rural raccoons had higher egg densities than urban/suburban animals. Understanding the distribution and prevalence of B. procyonis in Wyoming, especially in and around highly populated areas, is an important step in educating the general public and medical community on the potential risks of raccoon roundworm infection. C1 [Pipas, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Casper, WY 82604 USA. [Page, L. Kristen] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Kazacos, Kevin R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pipas, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, 6731 West Coal Rd, Casper, WY 82604 USA. EM michael.j.pipas@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.7589/2013-10-263 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ8LB UT WOS:000343075900006 PM 25014908 ER PT J AU Ellison, KS Hofmeister, EK Ribic, CA Sample, DW AF Ellison, Kevin S. Hofmeister, Erik K. Ribic, Christine A. Sample, David W. TI RELATIVELY HIGH PREVALENCE OF POX-LIKE LESIONS IN HENSLOW'S SPARROW (AMMODRAMMUS HENSLOWII) AMONG NINE SPECIES OF MIGRATORY GRASSLAND PASSERINES IN WISCONSIN, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avipoxvirus; grassland birds; Henslow's Sparrow; pox; wildlife migration ID GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS AB Globally, Avipoxvirus species affect over 230 species of wild birds and can significantly impair survival. During banding of nine grassland songbird species (n=346 individuals) in southwestern Wisconsin, USA, we noted species with a 2-6% prevalence of pox-like lesions (possible evidence of current infection) and 4-10% missing digits (potential evidence of past infection). These prevalences approach those recorded among island endemic birds (4-9% and 9-20% for the Galapagos and Hawaii, respectively) for which Avipoxvirus species have been implicated as contributing to dramatic population declines. Henslow's Sparrow Ammodramus henslowii (n=165 individuals) had the highest prevalence of lesions (6.1%) and missing digits (9.7%). Among a subset of 26 Henslow's Sparrows from Which blood samples were obtained, none had detectable antibody reactive to fowlpox virus antigen. However, four samples (18%) had antibody to canarypox virus antigen with test sample and negative control ratios (P/N values) ranging from 2.4 to 6.5 (median 4.3). Of four antibody-positive birds, two had lesions recorded (one was also missing a digit), one had digits missing, and one had no signs. Additionally, the birds with lesions or missing digits had higher P/N values than did the antibody-positive bird without missing digits or recorded lesions. This study represents an impetus for considering the impacts and dynamics of disease caused by Avipoxvirus among North American grassland bird species. C1 [Ellison, Kevin S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hofmeister, Erik K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sample, David W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, DNR Sci Operat Ctr, Madison, WI 53716 USA. RP Hofmeister, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ehofmeister@usgs.gov OI Ellison, Kevin/0000-0002-1021-6345 FU WI-DNR with Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project [W-160-P]; USFWS Region 3 Nongame Bird Conservation Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wisconsin Private Lands Program; US Geological Survey - Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank J. Dadisman, D. Laufenberg, G. Milanowski, and J. Ellison for assistance in the field, C. Carney for serologic expertise, R. Long for expertise in cultivating the viruses, and A. Tucker for molecular studies. This project was supported with funds from the WI-DNR with Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-160-P, USFWS Region 3 Nongame Bird Conservation Program, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wisconsin Private Lands Program, and the US Geological Survey - Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use by the US Government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, for assistance with publication expenses. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 810 EP 816 DI 10.7589/2013-09-252 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ8LB UT WOS:000343075900009 PM 25121409 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Poulson, RL Gonzalez-Reiche, AS Wilcox, BR Walther, P Link, P Carter, DL Newsome, GM Muller, ML Berghaus, RD Perez, DR Hall, JS Stallknecht, DE AF Ramey, Andrew M. Poulson, Rebecca L. Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S. Wilcox, Benjamin R. Walther, Patrick Link, Paul Carter, Deborah L. Newsome, George M. Mueller, Maria L. Berghaus, Roy D. Perez, Daniel R. Hall, Jeffrey S. Stallknecht, David E. TI Evidence for Seasonal Patterns in the Relative Abundance of Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes in Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; avian influenza; blue-winged teal; influenza A; Neotropics; North America; seasonal; subtype ID RESIDENT DUCKS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; NEURAMINIDASE; HEMAGGLUTININ; ASSAY; TIME AB Seasonal dynamics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) are driven by host density and population immunity. Through an analysis of subtypic data for IAVs isolated from Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors), we present evidence for seasonal patterns in the relative abundance of viral subtypes in spring and summer/autumn. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ramey, Andrew M.; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S.; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S.; Mueller, Maria L.] UVG, CES, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. [Walther, Patrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. [Link, Paul] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Carter, Deborah L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Newsome, George M.] City Beaumont Wastewater Treatment Plant, Beaumont, TX 77705 USA. [Berghaus, Roy D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov RI Krammel, Vera/N-4826-2014; OI Krammel, Vera/0000-0002-8273-8396; Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689; Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana/0000-0003-3583-4497 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN266200700010C] FX We are grateful to many biologists and volunteers for assistance with captures including P. Pauling, P. Oesterle, W. Broussard, A. Fojtik, J. Slagter, N. Davis-Fields, J. Starr, J. LaCour, J. Gray, and K. DeMarco. We acknowledge the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre and Environment Canada for providing samples for this study. We thank the City of Beaumont, Texas for access to Cattail Marsh for captures conducted in 2012 and 2013. We appreciate the cooperation of sport hunters for access to harvested birds for sample collection. M. Whalen provided assistance formatting figures for submission. Financial and administrative support was provided by J. Pearce, T. DeGange, P. Bright, K. Briggs, and S. Gross. We appreciate reviews provided by J. Pearce, C. Ely, and two anonymous reviewers. This study was funded, in part, with federal funds provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under contracts HHSN266200700007C and HHSN266200700010C. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 916 EP 922 DI 10.7589/2013-09-232 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ8LB UT WOS:000343075900024 PM 24949926 ER PT J AU Shearn-Bochsler, V Lance, EW Corcoran, R Piatt, J Bodenstein, B Frame, E Lawonn, J AF Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Lance, Ellen W. Corcoran, Robin Piatt, John Bodenstein, Barbara Frame, Elizabeth Lawonn, James TI Fatal Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) Nestlings, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian; harmful algal bloom; Kittlitz's Murrelet; paralytic shellfish poisoning; saxitoxin ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BAY; RESPONSES AB Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is an acute toxic illness in humans resulting from ingestion of shellfish contaminated with a suite of neurotoxins (saxitoxins) produced by marine dinoflagellates, most commonly in the genus Alexandrium. Poisoning also has been sporadically suspected and, less often, documented in marine wildlife, often in association with an outbreak in humans. Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a small, rare seabird of the Northern Pacific with a declining population. From 2008 to 2012, as part of a breeding ecology study, multiple Kittlitz's Murrelet nests on Kodiak Island, Alaska, were monitored by remote cameras. During the 2011 and 2012 breeding seasons, nestlings from several sites died during mild weather conditions. Remote camera observations revealed that the nestlings died shortly after consuming sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), a fish species known to biomagnify saxitoxin. High levels of saxitoxin were subsequently documented in crop content in 87% of nestling carcasses. Marine bird deaths from PSP may be underreported. C1 [Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Bodenstein, Barbara] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lance, Ellen W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Corcoran, Robin] Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Piatt, John] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Frame, Elizabeth] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lawonn, James] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shearn-Bochsler, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM vbochsler@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.7589/2013-11-296 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ8LB UT WOS:000343075900027 PM 25098307 ER PT J AU Dostal, J Kontak, DJ Karl, SM AF Dostal, Jaroslav Kontak, Daniel J. Karl, Susan M. TI The Early Jurassic Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): Geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization (vol 202, pg 395, 2014) SO LITHOS LA English DT Correction C1 [Dostal, Jaroslav] St Marys Univ, Dept Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Kontak, Daniel J.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Karl, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Dostal, J (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Dept Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. EM jdostal@smu.ca NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD OCT PY 2014 VL 206 BP 456 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.009 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AR1HK UT WOS:000343336100030 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Manga, M AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Manga, M. TI EARTHQUAKES Hydrogeochemical precursors SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID KOBE EARTHQUAKE; PREDICTION; JAPAN C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Manga, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov; manga@seismo.berkeley.edu OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 697 EP 698 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ8VC UT WOS:000343112600007 ER PT J AU Alix, DM Anderson, CJ Grand, JB Guyer, C AF Alix, Diane M. Anderson, Christopher J. Grand, James B. Guyer, Craig TI Evaluating the Effects of Land Use on Headwater Wetland Amphibian Assemblages in Coastal Alabama SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Headwater wetlands; Land use change ID SPECIES RICHNESS; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL HABITAT; LARVAL AMPHIBIANS; STREAM HABITATS; SALAMANDERS; DECLINE; FRAGMENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY AB Anthropogenic land use is known to impact aquatic ecosystems in several ways, including increased frequency and intensity of floods, stream channel incision, sedimentation, and loss of microtopography. Amphibians are susceptible to changes in wetland and surrounding habitats. This study evaluated amphibian assemblages of fifteen headwater slope wetlands in coastal Alabama across a gradient of land uses. Amphibians were surveyed on a seasonal basis and land use was delineated within wetland watersheds and within a 200-m buffer surrounding each wetland. Amphibian presence/absence and land use data were used to develop species occupancy models. Both urban and agricultural land use were shown to influence amphibian occurrence. Species richness ranged from five to ten species across sites; however, five species only occurred in wetlands surrounded by forested lands. Many species were detected more frequently on these wetlands compared to wetlands surrounded by urban or mixed land uses. Occupancy models showed Acris gryllus was negatively associated with the amount of agriculture within a buffer around the wetland. Hyla squirella, Lithobates clamitans, and L. sphenocephalus were positively associated with agricultural land within a watershed. Anaxyrus terrestris and the non-native Eleutherodactylus planirostris were positively associated with the amount of impervious surface area within the wetland buffer. C1 [Alix, Diane M.; Anderson, Christopher J.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Guyer, Craig] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Alix, DM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM Diane.m.alix@gmail.com FU Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Grant; Auburn University Center for Forest Sustainability; Auburn University IACUC protocol [2010-1827] FX An Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Grant and the Auburn University Center for Forest Sustainability provided funding for this project. The USGS Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit provided equipment. Flynt Barksdale, Betsy Battistella, Cody Cox, Mignon Denton, Amber Dunn, the Guyer Lab, Tom Hess, Heather Hughes, Scott Phipps, Christina Romagosa, Brad Schneid, Amir Sharifi, Amy Silvano, Todd Steury, and Madeline Wedge all provided assistance on this project. We graciously acknowledge land access that was granted by Alabama State Parks, The City of Foley, The Nature Conservancy, Town of Robertsdale, Weeks Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, and many private landowners. An earlier version of this manuscript was greatly improved by the review and suggestions of Robert Gitzen. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Auburn University IACUC protocol # 2010-1827. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0553-y PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ8EW UT WOS:000343057700007 ER PT J AU McCormick, PV Gibble, RE AF McCormick, Paul V. Gibble, Rebekah E. TI Effects of Soil Chemistry on Plant Germination and Growth in a Northern Everglades Peatland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Calcium carbonate; Everglades; Minerotrophy; Peatlands; Phosphorus; Vegetation ID CALCICOLE-CALCIFUGE PROBLEM; SEED BANK COMPOSITION; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS ADDITIONS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; RESTORATION; INDICATORS AB Vegetation patterns across the Florida Everglades peatland are influenced by anthropogenic gradients in both hydrology and chemistry. These gradients often overlap, making it difficult to isolate specific causes of vegetation change. We examined whether differences in plant communities between the minimally impacted interior and the impacted perimeter of the northern Everglades could be attributed to soil chemistry as opposed to other factors such as hydrology or seed-bank composition. Seedling establishment from soil seed banks collected from interior locations was examined under conditions that reflected either the phosphorus (P)- and calcium-carbonate (CaCO3)-depleted chemistry of the peatland interior or enriched conditions around the perimeter. Three soil moisture treatments were used to increase seed-bank expression. The interior seed bank contained viable seeds of both interior and perimeter taxa, but distinct plant assemblages established in the two chemistry treatments. Perimeter species germinated in both chemistry treatments, but only survived under enriched conditions. Establishment of these species in the interior is likely limited by low P availability. Germination and survival of some interior species were reduced by enrichment, likely due to elevated CaCO3 levels. Protection from both increased P and CaCO3 loads thus appears important to maintain plant communities in mineral-poor remnants of the Everglades. C1 [McCormick, Paul V.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Gibble, Rebekah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. RP Gibble, RE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, 10218 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. EM pmccormick@jonesctr.org; rebekah_gibble@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program and received logistical support from the A. R. M. Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Jon Wallace and Simoni Silveiri assisted with the construction and data collection associated with this study. Kay Kirkman and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 979 EP 988 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0562-x PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ8EW UT WOS:000343057700012 ER PT J AU Uden, DR Hellman, ML Angeler, DG Allen, CR AF Uden, Daniel R. Hellman, Michelle L. Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. TI The role of reserves and anthropogenic habitats for functional connectivity and resilience of ephemeral wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anurans; clustering; functional connectivity; graph theory; irrigation; modularity; Protected Areas as Socioecological Systems; Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, USA; resilience; restoration; wetlands ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; METAPOPULATIONS; POPULATIONS; PRINCIPLES; MANAGEMENT; NETWORKS; PATCHES AB Ecological reserves provide important wildlife habitat in many landscapes, and the functional connectivity of reserves and other suitable habitat patches is crucial for the persistence and resilience of spatially structured populations. To maintain or increase connectivity at spatial scales larger than individual patches, conservation actions may focus on creating and maintaining reserves and/or influencing management on non-reserves. Using a graph-theoretic approach, we assessed the functional connectivity and spatial distribution of wetlands in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska, USA, an intensively cultivated agricultural matrix, at four assumed, but ecologically realistic, anuran dispersal distances. We compared connectivity in the current landscape to the historical landscape and putative future landscapes, and evaluated the importance of individual and aggregated reserve and non-reserve wetlands for maintaining connectivity. Connectivity was greatest in the historical landscape, where wetlands were also the most densely distributed. The construction of irrigation reuse pits for water storage has maintained connectivity in the current landscape by replacing destroyed wetlands, but these pits likely provide suboptimal habitat. Also, because there are fewer total wetlands (i.e., wetlands and irrigation reuse pits) in the current landscape than the historical landscape, and because the distribution of current wetlands is less clustered than that of historical wetlands, larger and longer dispersing, sometimes nonnative species may be favored over smaller, shorter dispersing species of conservation concern. Because of their relatively low number, wetland reserves do not affect connectivity as greatly as non-reserve wetlands or irrigation reuse pits; however, they likely provide the highest quality anuran habitat. To improve future levels of resilience in this wetland habitat network, management could focus on continuing to improve the conservation status of non-reserve wetlands, restoring wetlands at spatial scales that promote movements of shorter dispersing species, and further scrutinizing irrigation reuse pit removal by considering effects on functional connectivity for anurans, an emblematic and threatened group of organisms. However, broader conservation plans will need to give consideration to other wetland-dependent species, incorporate invasive species management, and address additional challenges arising from global change in social-ecological systems like the Rainwater Basin. C1 [Uden, Daniel R.; Hellman, Michelle L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Uden, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM danielruden87@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation (NL Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) FX The authors thank Kerry Hart and two anonymous reviewers for their careful considerations of, and contributions to, the manuscript, as well as the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture for providing GIS data and other information throughout the study. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government: Financial support was also provided by the August T. Larsson Foundation (NL Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences). NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 64 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1569 EP 1582 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5OZ UT WOS:000342859800002 ER PT J AU Jones, JD Kauffman, MJ Monteith, KL Scurlock, BM Albeke, SE Cross, PC AF Jones, Jennifer D. Kauffman, Matthew J. Monteith, Kevin L. Scurlock, Brandon M. Albeke, Shannon E. Cross, Paul C. TI Supplemental feeding alters migration of a temperate ungulate SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carryover effects; elk; feedgrounds; migration; nutritional condition; partial migration; plant phenology; stopover; supplemental feeding; ungulates; Wyoming ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTH-AMERICA; MULE DEER; RED DEER; PLANT PHENOLOGY; ELK HERD; WINTER; SELECTION; PATTERNS; STOPOVER AB Conservation of migration requires information on behavior and environmental determinants. The spatial distribution of forage resources, which migration exploits, often are altered and may have subtle, unintended consequences. Supplemental feeding is a common management practice, particularly for ungulates in North America and Europe, and carryover effects on behavior of this anthropogenic manipulation of forage are expected in theory, but have received limited empirical evaluation, particularly regarding effects on migration. We used global positioning system (GPS) data to evaluate the influence of winter feeding on migration behavior of 219 adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) from 18 fed ranges and 4 unfed ranges in western Wyoming Principal component analysis revealed that the migratory behavior of fed and unfed elk differed in distance migrated, and the timing of arrival to, duration on, and departure from summer range. Fed elk migrated 19.2 km less, spent 11 more days on stopover sites, arrived to summer range 5 days later, resided on summer range 26 fewer days, and departed in the autumn 10 days earlier than unfed elk. Time-to-event models indicated that differences in migratory behavior between fed and unfed elk were caused by altered sensitivity to the environmental drivers of migration. In spring, unfed elk migrated following plant green-up closely, whereas fed elk departed the feedground but lingered on transitional range, thereby delaying their arrival to summer range. In autumn, fed elk were more responsive to low temperatures and precipitation events, causing earlier departure from summer range than unfed elk. Overall, supplemental feeding disconnected migration by fed elk from spring green-up and decreased time spent on summer range, thereby reducing access to quality forage. Our findings suggest that ungulate migration can be substantially altered by changes to the spatial distribution of resources, including those of anthropogenic origin, and that management practices applied in one season may have unintended behavioral consequences in subsequent seasons. C1 [Jones, Jennifer D.; Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Albeke, Shannon E.] Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Jones, JD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jjones2536@gmail.com FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Greater Yellowstone Interagency Brucellosis Committee; Wyoming Chapter of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Wyoming Chapter of The Wildlife Society; Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition; U.S. Geological Survey; L. Floyd Clarke Greater Yellowstone Scholarship FX This project was supported by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, the Greater Yellowstone Interagency Brucellosis Committee, the Wyoming Chapter of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, the Wyoming Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition, U.S. Geological Survey, and the L. Floyd Clarke Greater Yellowstone Scholarship. We thank field technicians and members of the Wyoming Game and Fish Department that helped with collar deployment and data collection, particularly the Brucellosis-Feedground-Habitat Program. We thank R. Long for advice on the modeling analyses and W. Jones for comments that improved the manuscript. Access to raw data used in this analysis, including GPS locations, capture details, and dates of seasonal range use, will be available after January 2015 on the Wyoming Migration Database and Viewer located at migrationinitiative.org. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1769 EP 1779 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5OZ UT WOS:000342859800015 ER PT J AU Concostrina-Zubiri, L Huber-Sannwald, E Martinez, I Flores, JLF Reyes-Aguero, JA Escudero, A Belnap, J AF Concostrina-Zubiri, L. Huber-Sannwald, E. Martinez, I. Flores Flores, J. L. Reyes-Agueero, J. A. Escudero, A. Belnap, J. TI Biological soil crusts across disturbance-recovery scenarios: effect of grazing regime on community dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bryophyte; cyanobacteria; drylands; grassland; grazing; lichen; resilience; resistance ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; TRANSITION MODELS; DESERT; COVER; UTAH; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Grazing represents one of the most common disturbances in drylands worldwide, affecting both ecosystem structure and functioning. Despite the efforts to understand the nature and magnitude of grazing effects on ecosystem components and processes, contrasting results continue to arise. This is particularly remarkable for the biological soil crust (BSC) communities (i.e., cyanobacteria, lichens, and bryophytes), which play an important role in soil dynamics. Here we evaluated simultaneously the effect of grazing impact on BSC communities (resistance) and recovery after livestock exclusion (resilience) in a semiarid grassland of Central Mexico. In particular, we examined BSC species distribution, species richness, taxonomical group cover (i.e., cyanobacteria, lichen, bryophyte), and composition along a disturbance gradient with different grazing regimes (low, medium, high impact) and along a recovery gradient with differently aged livestock exclosures (short-, medium-, long-term exclusion). Differences in grazing impact and time of recovery from grazing both resulted in slight changes in species richness; however, there were pronounced shifts in species composition and group cover. We found we could distinguish four highly diverse and dynamic BSC species groups: (1) species with high resistance and resilience to grazing, (2) species with high resistance but low resilience, (3) species with low resistance but high resilience, and (4) species with low resistance and resilience. While disturbance resulted in a nova diversity configuration, which may profoundly affect ecosystem functioning, we observed that 10 years of disturbance removal did not lead to the ecosystem structure found after 27 years of recovery. These findings are an important contribution to our understanding of BCS dynamics from a species and community perspective placed in a land use change context. C1 [Concostrina-Zubiri, L.; Flores Flores, J. L.; Reyes-Agueero, J. A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Invest Zonas Desert, San Luis Potosi 78377, Slp, Mexico. [Concostrina-Zubiri, L.; Martinez, I.; Escudero, A.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Huber-Sannwald, E.] Insituto Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientales, Lomas Secc 4Ta, San Luis Potosi 78216, Slp, Mexico. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Concostrina-Zubiri, L (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, Escuela Super Ciencias Expt & Tecnol, C Tulipan S-N, Mostoles 28933, Spain. EM l.concostrina@alumnos.urjc.es RI Escudero, Adrian/H-5046-2015; Concostrina-Zubiri, Laura/N-2577-2015; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth/D-2507-2009; Martinez, Isabel/K-8800-2014 OI Escudero, Adrian/0000-0002-1427-5465; Concostrina-Zubiri, Laura/0000-0001-7781-6030; Martinez, Isabel/0000-0002-5924-1648 FU Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAEC); Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID); SEMARNAT [23721]; SEP CONACYT [CB 132649] FX Special thanks to the ejido Vaquerias, Jalisco, Mexico, in particular to Don Patricio, for allowing us to conduct this research on their land. We are grateful to the logistic support and stimulating discussions on grazing systems provided by Miguel Luna-Luna, Director of the Sitio Experimental Vaquerias of INIFAP in Jalisco. We thank Rebeca Perez Rodriguez of the Laboratory of Ecologia y Cambio Ambiental Global of IPICYT for her valuable technical assistance. L. Concostrina-Zubiri was supported by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAEC) and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). E. Huber-Sannwald thanks SEMARNAT project 23721 and SEP CONACYT (CB 132649) for research funds. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 74 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1863 EP 1877 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5OZ UT WOS:000342859800023 ER PT J AU Sierszen, ME Hrabik, TR Stockwell, JD Cotter, AM Hoffman, JC Yule, DL AF Sierszen, Michael E. Hrabik, Thomas R. Stockwell, Jason D. Cotter, Anne M. Hoffman, Joel C. Yule, Daniel L. TI Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitats; food web; Great Lakes; stable isotopes; trophic linkages ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDI; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; DEEP-WATER; FISH COMMUNITY; CULTURAL EUTROPHICATION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA AB In large lakes around the world, depth-based changes in the abundance and distribution of invertebrate and fish species suggest that there may be concomitant changes in patterns of resource allocation. Using Lake Superior of the Laurentian Great Lakes as an example, we explored this idea through stable isotope analyses of 13 major fish taxa. Patterns in carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios revealed use of both littoral and profundal benthos among populations of most taxa analysed regardless of the depth of their habitat, providing evidence of nearshore-offshore trophic linkages in the largest freshwater lake by area in the world. Isotope-mixing model results indicated that the overall importance of benthic food-web pathways to fish was highest in nearshore species, whereas the importance of planktonic pathways increased in offshore species. These characteristics, shared with the Great Lakes of Africa, Russia and Japan, appear to be governed by two key processes: high benthic production in nearshore waters and the prevalence of diel vertical migration (DVM) among offshore invertebrate and fish taxa. DVM facilitates use of pelagic food resources by deep-water biota and represents an important process of trophic linkage among habitats in large lakes. Support of whole-lake food webs through trophic linkages among pelagic, profundal and littoral habitats appears to be integral to the functioning of large lakes. These linkages can be disrupted though ecosystem disturbance such as eutrophication or the effects of invasive species and should be considered in native species restoration efforts. C1 [Sierszen, Michael E.; Cotter, Anne M.; Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Hrabik, Thomas R.] Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI USA. RP Sierszen, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM sierszen.michael@epa.gov FU Minnesota Sea Grant [R/F-15] FX We wish to thank Aisha Beaty, Andrew Just and Corlis West for preparing fish samples for analysis; the Captain and crew of the R/V Kiyi for collecting fish samples; and Shawn Sitar for providing humper lake trout samples and diet information. Sample collection was partially supported by Minnesota Sea Grant R/F-15 to TRH and JDS. The manuscript was greatly improved through constructive comments by Robert Hecky, Donald Phillips and Daniel Schindler. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. This is also contribution number 1866 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 89 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2122 EP 2136 DI 10.1111/fwb.12415 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ4IO UT WOS:000342758300009 ER PT J AU Paterson, G Rush, SA Arts, MT Drouillard, KG Haffner, GD Johnson, TB Lantry, BF Hebert, CE McGoldrick, DJ Backus, SM Fisk, AT AF Paterson, Gord Rush, Scott A. Arts, Michael T. Drouillard, Ken G. Haffner, Gordon Doug Johnson, Tim B. Lantry, Brian F. Hebert, Craig E. McGoldrick, Daryl J. Backus, Sean M. Fisk, Aaron T. TI Ecological tracers reveal resource convergence among prey fish species in a large lake ecosystem SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dreissena spp; fatty acids; nearshore; offshore; stable isotopes ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; MYSIS-RELICTA; FOOD-WEB; RAINBOW SMELT; ROUND GOBY; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; BIOCHEMICAL TRACERS AB We measured stable isotopes of carbon (C-13) and nitrogen (N-15) and fatty acid profiles in Lake Ontario alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) collected from 1982 to 2008 to investigate how temporal variability in these ecological tracers can relate to ecosystem-level changes associated with the establishment of highly invasive dreissenid mussels. Prey fish N-15 values remained relatively constant, with only slimy sculpin exhibiting a temporal increase in N-15. In contrast, C-13 values for alewife, rainbow smelt and, especially, slimy sculpin became less negative over time and were consistent with the benthification of the Lake Ontario food web associated with dreissenids. Principal components analysis revealed higher contributions of 14:0 and 16:1n-7 fatty acids and increasingly negative C-13 values in older samples in agreement with the greater historical importance of pelagic production for alewife, rainbow smelt and slimy sculpin. Temporal declines in fatty acid unsaturation indices and sigma n-3/sigma n-6 ratios, and also increased 24:0/14:0 ratios for alewife, rainbow smelt and slimy sculpin, indicated the increasing importance of nearshore production pathways for more recently collected fish and resulted in values more similar to those for round goby. These results indicate a temporal convergence of the food niche, whereas food partitioning has historically supported the coexistence of prey fish species in Lake Ontario. This convergence is consistent with changes in food-web processes associated with the invasion of dreissenid mussels. C1 [Paterson, Gord; Rush, Scott A.; Drouillard, Ken G.; Haffner, Gordon Doug; Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Paterson, Gord] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Rush, Scott A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [McGoldrick, Daryl J.; Backus, Sean M.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Johnson, Tim B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON, Canada. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. [Hebert, Craig E.] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Arts, Michael T.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Paterson, G (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gpaterso@esf.edu FU Fishery Research Programme of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Canada Research Chair programme; Department of Wildlife, Fisheries & Aquaculture at Mississippi State University FX We thank Anna Hussey and Jerry Chao for their assistance with the SI and FA analyses, respectively, and the crews of the OMNR Steelcraft, R/V Kaho and DFO Kelso research vessels for assistance with fish collection. This research was funded by the Fishery Research Programme of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Additional funding was received from the Canada Research Chair programme and the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries & Aquaculture at Mississippi State University. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the governments of Canada, the United States, the Province of Ontario, or New York State. This article is contribution number 1860 of the United States Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2150 EP 2161 DI 10.1111/fwb.12418 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ4IO UT WOS:000342758300011 ER PT J AU Kittinger, JN Koehn, JZ Le Cornu, E Ban, NC Gopnik, M Armsby, M Brooks, C Carr, MH Cinner, JE Cravens, A D'Iorio, M Erickson, A Finkbeiner, EM Foley, MM Fujita, R Gelcich, S St Martin, K Prahler, E Reineman, DR Shackeroff, J White, C Caldwell, MR Crowder, LB AF Kittinger, John N. Koehn, J. Zachary Le Cornu, Elodie Ban, Natalie C. Gopnik, Morgan Armsby, Matt Brooks, Cassandra Carr, Mark H. Cinner, Joshua E. Cravens, Amanda D'Iorio, Mimi Erickson, Ashley Finkbeiner, Elena M. Foley, Melissa M. Fujita, Rod Gelcich, Stefan St Martin, Kevin Prahler, Erin Reineman, Daniel R. Shackeroff, Janna White, Crow Caldwell, Margaret R. Crowder, Larry B. TI A practical approach for putting people in ecosystem-based ocean planning SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC DATA; SERVICE PROJECTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; COASTAL; VALUES AB Marine and coastal ecosystems provide important benefits and services to coastal communities across the globe, but assessing the diversity of social relationships with oceans can prove difficult for conservation scientists and practitioners. This presents barriers to incorporating social dimensions of marine ecosystems into ecosystem-based planning processes, which can in turn affect the success of planning and management initiatives. Following a global assessment of social research and related planning practices in ocean environments, we present a step-by-step approach for natural resource planning practitioners to more systematically incorporate social data into ecosystem-based ocean planning. Our approach includes three sequential steps: (1) develop a typology of ocean-specific human uses that occur within the planning region of interest; (2) characterize the complexity of these uses, including the spatiotemporal variability, intensity, and diversity thereof, as well as associated conflicts and compatibility; and (3) integrate social and ecological information to assess trade-offs necessary for successful implementation of ecosystem-based ocean planning. We conclude by showing how systematic engagement of social data - together with ecological information - can create advantages for practitioners to improve planning and management outcomes. C1 [Kittinger, John N.; Koehn, J. Zachary; Le Cornu, Elodie; Erickson, Ashley; Foley, Melissa M.; Prahler, Erin; Caldwell, Margaret R.; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Conservat Int, Honolulu, HI USA. [Le Cornu, Elodie] Univ Montpellier 3, F-34032 Montpellier, France. [Ban, Natalie C.; Cinner, Joshua E.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Australian Res Council, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ban, Natalie C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Gopnik, Morgan; Shackeroff, Janna] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Armsby, Matt; Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Law Sch, Environm & Nat Resources Law & Policy Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Armsby, Matt] Resources Law Grp, Sacramento, CA USA. [Brooks, Cassandra; Cravens, Amanda; Reineman, Daniel R.] Stanford Univ, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resou, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Carr, Mark H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [D'Iorio, Mimi] NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Finkbeiner, Elena M.; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA USA. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Casilla, Chile. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Lab Int Cambio Global Lincglobal, Dept Ecol, Casilla, Chile. [St Martin, Kevin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ USA. [White, Crow] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Kittinger, JN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA USA. EM jkittinger@gmail.com OI Cravens, Amanda/0000-0002-0271-7967; Cinner, Joshua/0000-0003-2675-9317 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 12 IS 8 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1890/130267 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ6YB UT WOS:000342958700015 ER PT J AU Landis, WG Rohr, JR Moe, SJ Balbus, JM Clements, W Fritz, A Helm, R Hickey, C Hooper, M Stahl, RG Stauber, J AF Landis, Wayne G. Rohr, Jason R. Moe, S. Jannicke Balbus, John M. Clements, William Fritz, Alyce Helm, Roger Hickey, Christopher Hooper, Michael Stahl, Ralph G. Stauber, Jenny TI Global Climate Change and Contaminants, a Call to Arms Not Yet Heard? SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Landis, Wayne G.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Moe, S. Jannicke] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway. [Balbus, John M.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Clements, William] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fritz, Alyce] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Helm, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Hickey, Christopher] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Hooper, Michael] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Stahl, Ralph G.] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DC USA. RP Landis, WG (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM wayne.landis@wwu.edu RI Stauber, Jenny/G-8418-2011; OI Moe, Jannicke/0000-0002-3681-3551; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.1002/ieam.1568 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200001 PM 25069904 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mahler, Barbara J. TI Untitled - Response SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; UNDERFOOT CONTAMINATED DUST; TAR SEALCOATED PAVEMENT; URBAN STREAM SEDIMENTS; PARKING LOT SEALCOAT; UNRECOGNIZED SOURCE; SEALED PAVEMENT; PAHS; VOLATILIZATION; WIDESPREAD C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1002/ieam.1547 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200002 PM 25234487 ER PT J AU Bales, JD AF Bales, Jerad D. TI Untitled - Response SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bales, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jdbales@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 492 EP 492 DI 10.1002/ieam.1555 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200004 ER PT J AU Lee, B Kullman, SW Yost, E Meyer, MT Worley-Davis, L Williams, CM Reckhow, KH AF Lee, Boknam Kullman, Seth W. Yost, Erin Meyer, Michael T. Worley-Davis, Lynn Williams, C. Michael Reckhow, Kenneth H. TI A Bayesian Network Model for Assessing Natural Estrogen Fate and Transport in a Swine Waste Lagoon SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; WATER; PREDICTION AB Commercial swine waste lagoons are regarded as a major reservoir of natural estrogens, which have the potential to produce adverse physiological effects on exposed aquatic organisms and wildlife. However, there remains limited understanding of the complex mechanisms of physical, chemical, and biological processes that govern the fate and transport of natural estrogens within an anaerobic swine lagoon. To improve lagoon management and ultimately help control the offsite transport of these compounds from swine operations, a probabilistic Bayesian network model was developed to assess natural estrogen fate and budget and then compared against data collected from a commercial swine field site. In general, the model was able to describe the estrogen fate and budget in both the slurry and sludge stores within the swine lagoon. Sensitivity analysis within the model demonstrated that the estrogen input loading from the associated barn facility was the most important factor in controlling estrogen concentrations within the lagoon slurry storage, whereas the settling rate was the most significant factor in the lagoon sludge storage. The degradation reactions were shown to be minor in both stores based on prediction of average total estrogen concentrations. Management scenario evaluations demonstrated that the best possible management options to reduce estrogen levels in the lagoon are either to adjust the estrogen input loading from swine barn facilities or to effectively enhance estrogen bonding with suspended solids through the use of organic polymers or inorganic coagulants. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:511-521. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Lee, Boknam; Reckhow, Kenneth H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kullman, Seth W.; Yost, Erin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. [Worley-Davis, Lynn; Williams, C. Michael] N Carolina State Univ, Prestage Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kullman, SW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM swkullma@ncsu.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007046] NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1002/ieam.1538 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200007 PM 24798317 ER PT J AU Ji, L Zhang, L Rover, J Wylie, BK Chen, XX AF Ji, Lei Zhang, Li Rover, Jennifer Wylie, Bruce K. Chen, Xuexia TI Geostatistical estimation of signal-to-noise ratios for spectral vegetation indices SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Geostatistics; Nugget variance; Semivariogram; Signal-to-noise ratio; Spectral vegetation index; Standardized noise ID REMOTELY-SENSED IMAGES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; EOS-MODIS; GLOBAL VEGETATION; MEASUREMENT ERROR; NDVI; REFLECTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PERFORMANCE; VARIOGRAM AB In the past 40 years, many spectral vegetation indices have been developed to quantify vegetation biophysical parameters. An ideal vegetation index should contain the maximum level of signal related to specific biophysical characteristics and the minimum level of noise such as background soil influences and atmospheric effects. However, accurate quantification of signal and noise in a vegetation index remains a challenge, because it requires a large number of field measurements or laboratory experiments. In this study, we applied a geostatistical method to estimate signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for spectral vegetation indices. Based on the sample semivariogram of vegetation index images, we used the standardized noise to quantify the noise component of vegetation indices. In a case study in the grasslands and shrublands of the western United States, we demonstrated the geostatistical method for evaluating S/N for a series of soil-adjusted vegetation indices derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The soil-adjusted vegetation indices were found to have higher SIN values than the traditional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR) in the sparsely vegetated areas. This study shows that the proposed geostatistical analysis can constitute an efficient technique for estimating signal and noise components in vegetation indices. (C) 2014 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Li] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proce & Resource, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Rover, Jennifer; Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Chen, Xuexia] Sigma Space Corp, VIIRS Characterizat Support Team VCST, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov OI Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271372]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2012AA12A301]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Programs FX This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41271372), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2012AA12A301), and the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Programs. The work by L. Ji was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. We thank Eugene Fosnight and Thomas Adamson for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 96 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.06.013 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AQ5WI UT WOS:000342878900003 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Chalupnicki, MA AF Johnson, J. H. Chalupnicki, M. A. TI Interspecific habitat associations of juvenile salmonids in Lake Ontario tributaries: implications for Atlantic salmon restoration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROWN TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MICROHABITAT USE; STEELHEAD TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; NEW-YORK AB Diel variation in habitat use of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), subyearling coho salmon (O. kisutch), yearling steelhead (O. mykiss), and yearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was examined during the spring in two tributaries of Lake Ontario. A total of 1318 habitat observations were made on juvenile salmonids including 367 on steelhead, 351 on Chinook salmon, 333 on Atlantic salmon, and 261 on coho salmon. Steelhead exhibited the most diel variation in habitat use and Chinook the least. Juvenile salmonids were generally associated with more cover and larger substrate during the day in both streams. Interspecific differences in habitat use in both streams occurred with Atlantic salmon (fast velocities) and coho salmon (pools) using the least similar habitat. Chinook salmon and Atlantic salmon used similar habitat in both streams. These findings should help guide future management actions specific to habitat protection and restoration of Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario tributaries. C1 [Johnson, J. H.; Chalupnicki, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 853 EP 861 DI 10.1111/jai.12456 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ7JU UT WOS:000342991000003 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Haro, A Lerner, DT O'Dea, MF Regish, AM AF McCormick, S. D. Haro, A. Lerner, D. T. O'Dea, M. F. Regish, A. M. TI Migratory patterns of hatchery and stream-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in the Connecticut River, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gill Na+/K+-ATPase; juvenile; migration; size; survival ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BROWN TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; PENOBSCOT RIVER; MARINE SURVIVAL; L. SMOLTS; WILD AB The timing of downstream migration and detection rates of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts and stream-reared smolts (stocked 2 years earlier as fry) were examined in the Connecticut River (U. S. A.) using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted into fish and then detected at a downstream fish bypass collection facility at Turners Falls, MA (river length 192 km). In two successive years, hatchery-reared smolts were released in mid-April and early May at two sites: the West River (river length 241 km) or the Passumpsic (river length 450 km). Hatchery-reared smolts released higher in the catchment arrived 7 to 14 days later and had significantly lower detection rates than smolts stocked lower in the catchment. Hatchery-reared smolts released 3 weeks apart at the same location were detected downstream at similar times, indicating that early-release smolts had a lower average speed after release and longer residence time. The size and gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity of smolts at the time of release were significantly greater for detected fish (those that survived and migrated) than for those that were not detected. Stream-reared pre-smolts (> 11.5 cm) from four tributaries (length 261-551 km) were tagged in autumn and detected during smolt migration the following spring. Stream-reared smolts higher in the catchment arrived later and had significantly lower detection rates. The results indicate that both hatchery and stream-reared smolts from the upper catchment will arrive at the mouth of the river later and experience higher overall mortality than fish from lower reaches, and that both size and gill NKA activity are related to survival during downstream migration. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [McCormick, S. D.; Haro, A.; Lerner, D. T.; O'Dea, M. F.; Regish, A. M.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01370 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01370 USA. EM smccormick@usgs.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 SI SI BP 1005 EP 1022 DI 10.1111/jfb.12532 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5EH UT WOS:000342828400002 PM 25263185 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, GB Stich, DS McCormick, SD AF Zydlewski, G. B. Stich, D. S. McCormick, S. D. TI Photoperiod control of downstream movements of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; degree days; phenology; temperature; thyroid hormone ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHINOOK SALMON; BALTIC SALMON; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; INCREASED DAYLENGTH; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS; SWIMMING BEHAVIOR; ATPASE ACTIVITY AB This study provides the first direct observations that photoperiod controls the initiation of downstream movement in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts. Under simulated natural day length (LDN) conditions and seasonal increases in temperature, smolts increased their downstream movements five-fold for a period of 1 month in late spring. Under the same conditions, parr did not show changes in downstream movement behaviour. When given a shortened day length (10L: 14D) beginning in late winter, smolts did not increase the number of downstream movements. An early increase in day length (16L: 8D) in late winter resulted in earlier initiation and termination of downstream movements compared to the LDN group. Physiological status and behaviour were related but not completely coincident: gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased in all treatments and thyroid hormone was elevated prior to movement in 16L: 8D treatment. The most parsimonious model describing downstream movement of smolts included synergistic effects of photoperiod treatment and temperature, indicating that peak movements occurred at colder temperatures in the 16L: 8D treatment than in LDN, and temperature did not influence movement of smolts in the 10L: 14D treatment. The complicated interactions of photoperiod and temperature are not surprising since many organisms have evolved to rely on correlations among environmental cues and windows of opportunity to time behaviours associated with life-history transitions. These complicated interactions, however, have serious implications for phenological adjustments and persistence of S. salar populations in response to climate change. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Zydlewski, G. B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Stich, D. S.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Zydlewski, GB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gayle.zydlewski@maine.edu NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 SI SI BP 1023 EP 1041 DI 10.1111/jfb.12509 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5EH UT WOS:000342828400003 PM 25263186 ER PT J AU Stich, DS Bailey, MM Zydlewski, JD AF Stich, D. S. Bailey, M. M. Zydlewski, J. D. TI Survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts through a hydropower complex SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; discharge; downstream passage; migration; Penobscot River; restoration ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; PENOBSCOT RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; FISH COMMUNITY; SNAKE RIVER; MAINE; DAM; MORTALITY; RESTORATION; TELEMETRY AB This study evaluated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt survival through the lower Penobscot River, Maine, U. S. A., and characterized relative differences in proportional use and survival through the main-stem of the river and an alternative migration route, the Stillwater Branch. The work was conducted prior to removal of two main-stem dams and operational changes in hydropower facilities in the Stillwater Branch. Survival and proportional use of migration routes in the lower Penobscot were estimated from multistate (MS) models based on 6 years of acoustic telemetry data from 1669 smolts and 2 years of radio-telemetry data from 190 fish. A small proportion (0.12, 95% c. i.= 0.06-0.25) of smolts used the Stillwater Branch, and mean survival through the two operational dams in this part of the river was relatively high (1.00 and 0.97). Survival at Milford Dam, the dam that will remain in the main-stem of the Penobscot River, was relatively low (0.91), whereas survival through two dams that were removed was relatively high (0.99 and 0.98). Smolt survival could decrease in the Stillwater Branch with the addition of two new powerhouses while continuing to meet fish passage standards. The effects of removing two dams in the main-stem are expected to be negligible for smolt survival based on high survival observed from 2005 to 2012 at those locations. Survival through Milford Dam was been well below current regulatory standards, and thus improvement of passage at this location offers the best opportunity for improving overall smolt survival in the lower river. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Stich, D. S.; Zydlewski, J. D.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Bailey, M. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent New England Fishery Resource Off, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. [Zydlewski, J. D.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Stich, DS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM daniel.stich@maine.edu FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA); NOAA Open Rivers Initiative through the Penobscot River Restoration Trust; NOAA Open Rivers Initiative through the NOAA Fisheries; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Brookfield Power; University of Maine; U.S. Geological Survey; Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Maine Department of Marine Resources (MDMR); University of Maine IACUC [A2011-06-06] FX The quality of this manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from J. Kocik, J. Murphy, R. Saunders and T. Sheehan (NOAA Fisheries), D. McCaw (Penobscot Indian Nation Department of Natural Resources), and two anonymous reviewers, and through helpful conversations with L. Rose-Day and G. Aponte Clarke (Penobscot River Restoration Trust) and J. Royte (The Nature Conservancy). The authors acknowledge substantial contributions to this work by C. Holbrook, A. O'Malley and M. Kinnison (University of Maine). Financial support was provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the NOAA Open Rivers Initiative through the Penobscot River Restoration Trust and NOAA Fisheries. Additional funding was provided from National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Brookfield Power, University of Maine, U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Maine Department of Marine Resources (MDMR). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Lake National Fish Hatchery provided juvenile Atlantic salmon and facilitated marking and stocking. This was done in co-ordination and cooperation with NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center and Maine Department of Marine Resources. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was done under the auspices of The University of Maine IACUC protocol #A2011-06-06. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 SI SI BP 1074 EP 1096 DI 10.1111/jfb.12483 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5EH UT WOS:000342828400006 PM 25130320 ER PT J AU Billman, EJ Whitman, LD Schroeder, RK Sharpe, CS Noakes, DLG Schreck, CB AF Billman, E. J. Whitman, L. D. Schroeder, R. K. Sharpe, C. S. Noakes, D. L. G. Schreck, C. B. TI Body morphology differs in wild juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that express different migratory phenotypes in the Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A. SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geometric morphometrics; life-history variation; phenotypic plasticity; Salmonidae; smoltification ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COHO SALMON; DOWNSTREAM MOVEMENT; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATIONS; FALL; KISUTCH; STREAM AB Body morphology of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the upper Willamette River, Oregon, U. S. A., was analysed to determine if variation in body shape is correlated with migratory life-history tactics followed by juveniles. Body shape was compared between migrating juveniles that expressed different life-history tactics, i. e. autumn migrants and yearling smolts, and among parr sampled at three sites along a longitudinal river gradient. In the upper Willamette River, the expression of life-history tactics is associated with where juveniles rear in the basin with fish rearing in downstream locations generally completing ocean ward migrations earlier in life than fish rearing in upstream locations. The morphological differences that were apparent between autumn migrants and yearling smolts were similar to differences between parr rearing in downstream and upstream reaches, indicating that body morphology is correlated with life-history tactics. Autumn migrants and parr from downstream sampling sites had deeper bodies, shorter heads and deeper caudal peduncles compared with yearling smolts and parr from the upstream sampling site. This study did not distinguish between genetic and environmental effects on morphology; however, the results suggest that downstream movement of juveniles soon after emergence is associated with differentiation in morphology and with the expression of life-history variation. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Billman, E. J.; Noakes, D. L. G.; Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Whitman, L. D.; Schroeder, R. K.; Sharpe, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Noakes, D. L. G.] Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Alsea, OR 97324 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Billman, EJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eric.billman@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife FX This research was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. All fish were collected by fisheries biologists from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife under NOAA take authorizations W1-12-ODFW207B and W1-13-ODFW207, and under Limit 4(d) of the Endangered Species Act permits 16879 and 17663. Morphometric procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Oregon State University (ACUP #4289). We are grateful to C. Danley, D. Hewlett, S. Akin, P. Olmstead and B. Cannon for field assistance. J. Rasmussen, N. Putman and M. Colvin provided constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 SI SI BP 1097 EP 1110 DI 10.1111/jfb.12482 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5EH UT WOS:000342828400007 PM 25082498 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, J Zydlewski, G Kennedy, B Gale, W AF Zydlewski, J. Zydlewski, G. Kennedy, B. Gale, W. TI Smolting in coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE condition factor; gill Na+; K+-ATPase; gill NKA; osmoregulation ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; REARED ATLANTIC SALMON; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; CHINOOK SALMON; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PHOTOPERIOD; WILD AB Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, condition factor and seawater (SW) challenges were used to assess the development of smolt characteristics in a cohort of hatchery coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii from the Cowlitz River in Washington State, U. S. A. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity increased slightly in the spring, coinciding with an increase in hypo-osmoregulatory ability. These changes were of lesser magnitude than are observed in other salmonine species. Even at the peak of tolerance, these fish exhibited notable osmotic perturbations in full strength SW. Condition factor in these hatchery fish declined steadily through the spring. Wild captured migrants from four tributaries of the Columbia River had moderately elevated gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, consistent with smolt development and with greater enzyme activity than autumn captured juveniles from one of the tributaries, Abernathy Creek. Migrant fish also had reduced condition factor. General linear models of 7 years of data from Abernathy Creek suggest that yearly variation, advancing photoperiod (as ordinal date) and fish size (fork length) were significant factors for predicting gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in these wild fish. Both yearly variation and temperature were significant factors for predicting condition factor. These results suggest that coastal O. c. clarkii exhibit weakly developed characteristics of smolting. These changes are influenced by environmental conditions with great individual variation. The data suggest great physiological plasticity consistent with the variable life-history tactics observed in this species. Published 2014. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Zydlewski, J.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, G.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kennedy, B.; Gale, W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jzydlewski@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Abernathy Fish Technology Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia River Fisheries Programme Office; Abernathy Army Corps of Engineers; Sea Resources Education Center; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Abernathy Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia River Fisheries Programme Office, Abernathy Army Corps of Engineers, Sea Resources Education Center, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. We appreciate the valuable insight and contributions of K. Larsen, D. Clugston, G. Gale, R. Warren, M. Grooms, M. Hill, S. Wolthausen, B. Allen and P. Hanratty. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 SI SI BP 1111 EP 1130 DI 10.1111/jfb.12480 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5EH UT WOS:000342828400008 PM 25082434 ER PT J AU Sundh, H Nilsen, TO Lindstrom, J Hasselberg-Frank, L Stefansson, SO McCormick, SD Sundell, K AF Sundh, H. Nilsen, T. O. Lindstrom, J. Hasselberg-Frank, L. Stefansson, S. O. McCormick, S. D. Sundell, K. TI Development of intestinal ion-transporting mechanisms during smoltification and seawater acclimation in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; fluid absorption; Na+/K+-ATPase; Na+/K+/2Cl(-) co-transporter; osmoregulation; salmonid ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; K-CL COTRANSPORTER; CATION-CHLORIDE-COTRANSPORTERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; MARINE TELEOST; NA+/K+-ATPASE; BROWN TROUT; OSMOREGULATORY PHYSIOLOGY AB This study investigated the expression of ion transporters involved in intestinal fluid absorption and presents evidence for developmental changes in abundance and tissue distribution of these transporters during smoltification and seawater (SW) acclimation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Emphasis was placed on Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+, K+, Cl- co-transporter (NKCC) isoforms, at both transcriptional and protein levels, together with transcription of chloride channel genes. The nka alpha 1c was the dominant isoform at the transcript level in both proximal and distal intestines; also, it was the most abundant isoform expressed in the basolateral membrane of enterocytes in the proximal intestine. This isoform was also abundantly expressed in the distal intestine in the lower part of the mucosal folds. The protein expression of intestinal Nka alpha 1c increased during smoltification. Immunostaining was localized to the basal membrane of the enterocytes in freshwater (FW) fish, and re-distributed to a lateral position after SW entry. Two other Nka isoforms, alpha 1a and alpha 1b, were expressed in the intestine but were not regulated to the same extent during smoltification and subsequent SW transfer. Their localization in the intestinal wall indicates a house-keeping function in excitatory tissues. The absorptive form of the NKCC-like isoform (sub-apically located NKCC2 and/or Na+, Cl(-)co-transporter) increased during smoltification and further after SW transfer. The cellular distribution changed from a diffuse expression in the sub-apical regions during smoltification to clustering of the transporters closer to the apical membrane after entry to SW. Furthermore, transcript abundance indicates that the mechanisms necessary for exit of chloride ions across the basolateral membrane and into the lateral intercellular space are present in the form of one or more of three different chloride channels: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator I and II and chloride channel 3. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Sundh, H.; Lindstrom, J.; Hasselberg-Frank, L.; Sundell, K.] Univ Gothenburg, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Nilsen, T. O.; Stefansson, S. O.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Nilsen, T. O.] Uni Res AS, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. [McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [McCormick, S. D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sundh, H (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Box 463, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM henrik.sundh@bioenv.gu.se RI Sundh, Henrik/C-2477-2008; Sundell, Kristina/F-8884-2016 OI Sundh, Henrik/0000-0002-1459-5450; Sundell, Kristina/0000-0002-7643-2083 FU European Community [222719-LIFECYCLE]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [223-2011-1073] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 222719-LIFECYCLE and from the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning under grant agreement 223-2011-1073. The authors acknowledge the Centre for Cellular Imaging at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, for the use of imaging equipment and for the support from the staff. The authors also thank L. Niklasson for excellent technical assistance, A. Regish for purification of NKA alpha 1a and alpha 1b antibodies and J. Breves for his constructive comments for improving an early version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 SI SI BP 1227 EP 1252 DI 10.1111/jfb.12531 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5EH UT WOS:000342828400015 PM 25263190 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Baumann, PC Wolf, JC AF Pinkney, A. E. Baumann, P. C. Wolf, J. C. TI Dr John Carl Harshbarger Biography SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Pinkney, A. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Baumann, P. C.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Wolf, J. C.] EPL Inc, Sterling, VA USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 37 IS 10 BP 859 EP 861 DI 10.1111/jfd.12251 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AQ4WI UT WOS:000342800900001 PM 24974739 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Harshbarger, JC Rutter, MA AF Pinkney, A. E. Harshbarger, J. C. Rutter, M. A. TI Temporal and spatial patterns in tumour prevalence in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur) in the tidal Potomac River watershed (USA) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anacostia River; brown bullhead; monitoring; tumours ID BENEFICIAL USE IMPAIRMENT; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; ANACOSTIA RIVER; FISH TUMORS; OROCUTANEOUS PAPILLOMAS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; HEPATIC-LESIONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIVER-LESIONS; GREAT-LAKES AB For two decades, fish tumour surveys have been used to monitor habitat quality in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) watershed. Tributaries with sediments contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known to cause liver neoplasia, were frequently targeted. Here, we compare surveys in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus conducted in 2009-2011 in the tidal Potomac River watershed (including the Anacostia River) with previous surveys. Using logistic regression, we identified length and sex as covariates for liver and skin tumours. We reported a statistically significant decrease in liver tumour probabilities for standardized 280 mm Anacostia bullheads between the 1996 and 2001 samplings (merged collections: female-77.5%, male-43.0%) and 2009-2011 (female-42.2%, male-13.6%). However, liver tumour prevalence in bullheads from the Anacostia, Potomac River (Washington, DC) and Piscataway Creek (17 km downriver) was significantly higher than that for Chesapeake Bay watershed reference locations. The causes of skin tumours in bullheads are uncertain, requiring further research. The similar liver tumour prevalence in these three locations suggests that the problem is regional rather than restricted to the Anacostia. To monitor habitat quality and the success of pollution control actions, we recommend conducting tumour surveys on a 5-year cycle coordinated with sediment chemistry analyses. C1 [Pinkney, A. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Harshbarger, J. C.] Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA. [Rutter, M. A.] Penn State Univ, Behrend Coll, Dept Math, Penn State Erie, Erie, PA 16563 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM Fred_Pinkney@fws.gov FU USFWS Maryland Fisheries Resource Office; USFWS Division of Environmental Contaminants; South River Federation FX We appreciate the assistance of Josh Newhard, Mike Mangold, Ian Park, John Gill and Steve Minkkinen (USFWS) in the field and Susan Frey (USFWS) in the CBFO laboratory. Collections within the District of Columbia were made by Danny Ryan, Luke Lyon, Joe Swann and Eric Thadey of the District of Columbia Department of the Environment. Kyle Hartman (West Virginia University) aged the spines. Leslie Gerlich, Ebony Davis and Laurie Hewitt (USFWS) produced the graphics. The comments of Luke Iwanowicz (USGS), Nicoline Shulterbrandt (DDOE), and Jonathan Essoka (US EPA) and the journal reviewers are appreciated. Funding for the Chesapeake Bay tumour surveys was provided by the USFWS Maryland Fisheries Resource Office, USFWS Division of Environmental Contaminants and the South River Federation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 37 IS 10 BP 863 EP 876 DI 10.1111/jfd.12271 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AQ4WI UT WOS:000342800900002 PM 24974857 ER PT J AU Kenner, SJ Bender, DA Pankow, JF Zogorski, JS AF Kenner, Scott J. Bender, David A. Pankow, James F. Zogorski, John S. TI THE ATMOSPHERE CAN BE A SOURCE OF CERTAIN WATER SOLUBLE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN URBAN STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE organic chemicals; nonpoint source pollution; rivers/streams; urban areas; MTBE; benzene; acetone; Henry's Law; atmospheric deposition; air and water equilibrium ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; UNITED-STATES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; UNSATURATED ZONE; COMPOUNDS VOCS; GREAT-LAKES; AMBIENT AIR; MTBE; TRANSPORT AB Surface water and air volatile organic compound (VOC) data from 10 U. S. Geological Survey monitoring sites were used to evaluate the potential for direct transport of VOCs from the atmosphere to urban streams. Analytical results of 87 VOC compounds were screened by evaluating the occurrence and detection levels in both water and air, and equilibrium concentrations in water (C-w(s)) based on the measured air concentrations. Four compounds (acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and m- & p-xylene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples, in more than 10% of air samples, and more than 10% of detections in air were greater than long-term method detection levels (LTMDL) in water. Benzene was detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Two percent of benzene detections in air were greater than one-half the LTMDL in water. Six compounds (chloroform, p-isopropyltoluene, methylene chloride, perchloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Five VOCs, toluene, m- & p-xylene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), acetone, and benzene were identified as having sufficiently high concentrations in the atmosphere to be a source to urban streams. MTBE, acetone, and benzene exhibited behavior that was consistent with equilibrium concentrations in the atmosphere. C1 [Kenner, Scott J.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Bender, David A.; Zogorski, John S.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Pankow, James F.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Kenner, SJ (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, 501 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM scott.kenner@sdsmt.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1137 DI 10.1111/jawr.12181 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AQ6AV UT WOS:000342890600004 ER PT J AU Daraio, JA Bales, JD AF Daraio, Joseph A. Bales, Jerad D. TI EFFECTS OF LAND USE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAM TEMPERATURE I: DAILY FLOW AND STREAM TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE PRMS; SNTEMP; uncertainty; water quality; unionids; climate change ID RIVER TEMPERATURE; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER TEMPERATURES; AIR TEMPERATURES; SALMON HABITAT; UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS; RUNOFF; MODEL; BASIN AB Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are a highly imperiled group of organisms that are at risk from rising stream temperatures (T). There is a need to understand the potential effects of land use (LU) and climate change (CC) on stream T and have a measure of uncertainty. We used available downscaled climate projections and LU change simulations to simulate the potential effects on average daily stream T from 2020 to 2060. Monte Carlo simulations were run, and a novel technique to analyze results was used to assess changes in hydrologic and stream T response. Simulations of daily mean T were used as input to our stochastic hourly T model. CC effects were on average two orders of magnitude greater than LU impacts on mean daily stream T. LU change affected stream T primarily in headwater streams, on average up to 2.1 degrees C over short durations, and projected CC affected stream T, on average 2.1-3.3 degrees C by 2060. Daily mean flow and T ratios from Monte Carlo simulations indicated greater variance in the response of streamflow (up to 55%) to LU change than in the response of stream T (up to 9%), and greater variance in headwater stream segments compared to higher order stream segments for both streamflow and T response. Simulations indicated that combined effects of climate and LU change were not additive, suggesting a complex interaction and that forecasting long-term stream T response requires simulating CC and LU change simultaneously. C1 [Daraio, Joseph A.] NC State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bales, Jerad D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Daraio, JA (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM daraio@rowan.edu OI Daraio, Joe/0000-0001-5591-4465 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Special thanks to Tamara Pandolfo for collecting and providing stream temperature data. We would also like to thank Steve Markstrom, Lauren Hay, Steve Regan, Jason Hopkins, Roland Viger, Doug Newcomb, Adam Terando, and Curtis Belaya for their help, and thanks to Randall Hanson for many useful comments on parts of the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable critiques of the manuscript. This research was funded by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1176 DI 10.1111/jawr.12179 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AQ6AV UT WOS:000342890600006 ER PT J AU Daraio, JA Bales, JD Pandolfo, TJ AF Daraio, Joseph A. Bales, Jerad D. Pandolfo, Tamara J. TI EFFECTS OF LAND USE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAM TEMPERATURE II: THRESHOLD EXCEEDANCE DURATION PROJECTIONS FOR FRESHWATER MUSSELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rainfall-runoff modeling; stream temperature modeling; water quality; ecohydraulics; hydroecology; unionids ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; RIVER TEMPERATURE; SALMON HABITAT; PEARLY MUSSELS; NORTH-AMERICA; LOWLAND RIVER; FISH HOSTS; IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEMS; GLOCHIDIA AB We developed a stochastic hourly stream temperature model (SHSTM) to estimate probability of exceeding given threshold temperature (T) for specified durations (24 and 96 h) to assess potential impacts on freshwater mussels in the upper Tar River, North Carolina. Simulated daily mean stream T from climate change (CC) and land-use (LU) change simulations for 2021-2030 and 2051-2060 were used as input to the SHSTM. Stream T observations in 2010 revealed only two sites with T above 30 degrees C for >24 h and Ts were never >31 degrees C for more than 24 h at any site. The SHSTM suggests that the probability, P, that T will exceed 32 degrees C for at least 96 h in a given year increased from P = 0, in the 20th Century, to P = 0.05 in 2021-2030 and to P = 0.14 in 2051-2060. The SHSTM indicated that CC had greater effects on P for 24 and 96 h durations than LU change. Increased P occurred primarily in higher order stream segments in the downstream reaches of the basin. The SHSTM indicated that hourly stream T responded to LU change on the daily scale and did not affect stream T for durations >24 h. The SHSTM indicated that known thermal thresholds for freshwater mussels could be exceeded within the next 50 years in many parts of the upper Tar River basin in North Carolina, which could have negative consequences on the recruitment of freshwater mussels. C1 [Daraio, Joseph A.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bales, Jerad D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pandolfo, Tamara J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Daraio, JA (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM daraio@rowan.edu OI Daraio, Joe/0000-0001-5591-4465 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank several anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that helped us improve the manuscript. This research was funded by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1190 DI 10.1111/jawr.12178 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AQ6AV UT WOS:000342890600007 ER PT J AU Salman, DA Amer, SA Ward, FA AF Salman, Dina A. Amer, Saud A. Ward, Frank A. TI WATER APPROPRIATION SYSTEMS FOR ADAPTING TO WATER SHORTAGES IN IRAQ SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE drought adaptation; transboundary water management; Tigris-Euphrates; water appropriation systems; irrigation; water governance; Iraq ID MIDDLE-EAST; DROUGHT; CLIMATE; MARKETS; IMPACTS; PRICE AB Climate variability and population growth have intensified the search internationally for measures to adapt to fluctuations in water supplies. An example can be found in the lower part of the transboundary Tigris-Euphrates Basin where water shortages in 2008-2009 resulted in high economic costs to irrigation farmers. Losses to irrigators in the lower basin have made a compelling case to identify flexible methods to adapt to water shortage. Few published studies have systematically examined ways to enhance the flexibility of water appropriation systems to adapt to water shortage. This article addresses an ongoing challenge in water governance by examining how profitability at both the farm and basin levels is affected by various water appropriation systems. Four water appropriation systems are compared for impacts on farm income under each of three water supply scenarios. Results show that a (1) proportional sharing of water shortages among provinces and (2) unrestricted water trading rank as the top two appropriation systems. The shadow price of water for irrigation rises from zero at a full water supply level to US$93/1,000 m(3) when supply falls to 20% of full levels. Similar methods could be used to analyze challenges facing the design or implementation of water appropriation systems in the world's irrigated regions. C1 [Salman, Dina A.; Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Int Water Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Salman, DA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fward@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Geological Survey International Division; Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, U.S. Geological Survey International Division, and Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1208 EP 1225 DI 10.1111/jawr.12186 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AQ6AV UT WOS:000342890600009 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, S Maekawa, K Morita, K Crane, PA Oleinik, AG AF Yamamoto, Shoichiro Maekawa, Koji Morita, Kentaro Crane, Penelope A. Oleinik, Alla G. TI Phylogeography of the Salmonid Fish, Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma: Multiple Glacial Refugia in the North Pacific Rim SO ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glacial refugia; North Pacific rim; phylogeography; salmonid; Salvelinus malma ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; BULL TROUT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; GENUS SALVELINUS; CONTROL REGION; CHAR; AMERICA; EVOLUTION AB The geographic distribution pattern of mitochondrial DNA (control region) sequence polymorphisms from 73 populations of a salmonid fish, Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma, over most of its range in the North Pacific rim, was examined to assess how its spatial population genetic structure has been molded. The observed 68 haplotypes were grouped into three main lineages, which correspond to western, central, and eastern regions in the North Pacific. The two outlier-haplotype groups gave close agreement with DNA types from two congeneric species, white-spotted charr S. leucomaenis and Arctic charr S. alpinus, respectively. These results suggest that the present-day genetic structure of S. malma reflects historical patterns of isolation and re-colonization, and also historical hybridization with co-distributed species. We also placed the haplotypes of S. malma within our study areas into a pre-existing evolutionary relationship of S. alpinus and S. malma throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Western Lineage S. malma was basal to all other lineages of S. malma and S. alpinus. Our data serve as a biogeographic hypothesis for salmonid fishes that the Sea of Japan and/ or Sea of Okhotsk regions represents a place of origin for S. malma and S. alpinus groups currently distributed in circumpolar regions. C1 [Yamamoto, Shoichiro] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Aquaculture, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. [Maekawa, Koji] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. [Morita, Kentaro] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan. [Crane, Penelope A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Oleinik, Alla G.] Russian Acad Sci, Zhirmunsky Inst Marine Biol, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. RP Yamamoto, S (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Aquaculture, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. EM ysho@affrc.go.jp RI Morita, Kentaro/G-2578-2015 OI Morita, Kentaro/0000-0002-7803-2438 FU 21st Century COE program on 'Neo-Science of Natural History' at Hokkaido University - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22510251] FX We are grateful to B. Smoker, F. DeCicco, S. Young, T. Pietsch, K. Maslenikov, S. Shedko, A. Osinov, S. Zolotukhin, A. Goto, M. Fukushima, K. Ohkuma, S. Kitano for the donation of charr samples. We thank M. Yoshida, Y. Shigenobu, T. Harazaki, A. Kondo, R. Yokoyama for their assistance with the DNA analyses. This study was supported by grants from a 21st Century COE program on 'Neo-Science of Natural History' at Hokkaido University financed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 22510251) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 28 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA HONGO MT BUILDING 4F, HONGO 7-2-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0289-0003 J9 ZOOL SCI JI Zool. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP 660 EP 670 DI 10.2108/zs130266 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AQ4WB UT WOS:000342800200005 PM 25284385 ER PT J AU Parsons, ECM Favaro, B Aguirre, AA Bauer, AL Blight, LK Cigliano, JA Coleman, MA Cote, IM Draheim, M Fletcher, S Foley, MM Jefferson, R Jones, MC Kelaher, BP Lundquist, CJ Mccarthy, JB Nelson, A Patterson, K Walsh, L Wright, AJ Sutherland, WJ AF Parsons, E. C. M. Favaro, Brett Aguirre, A. Alonso Bauer, Amy L. Blight, Louise K. Cigliano, John A. Coleman, Melinda A. Cote, Isabelle M. Draheim, Megan Fletcher, Stephen Foley, Melissa M. Jefferson, Rebecca Jones, Miranda C. Kelaher, Brendan P. Lundquist, Carolyn J. Mccarthy, Julie-Beth Nelson, Anne Patterson, Katheryn Walsh, Leslie Wright, Andrew J. Sutherland, William J. TI Seventy-One Important Questions for the Conservation of Marine Biodiversity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horizon scanning; marine biodiversity; policy; priority setting; research agenda; research questions ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL QUESTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL; ECOSYSTEMS; RESERVES; IMPACTS; POLICY; GLOBALIZATION; CITIZENSHIP AB The ocean provides food, economic activity, and cultural value for a large proportion of humanity. Our knowledge of marine ecosystems lags behind that of terrestrial ecosystems, limiting effective protection of marine resources. We describe the outcome of 2 workshops in 2011 and 2012 to establish a list of important questions, which, if answered, would substantially improve our ability to conserve and manage the world's marine resources. Participants included individuals from academia, government, and nongovernment organizations with broad experience across disciplines, marine ecosystems, and countries that vary in levels of development. Contributors from the fields of science, conservation, industry, and government submitted questions to our workshops, which we distilled into a list of priority research questions. Through this process, we identified 71 key questions. We grouped these into 8 subject categories, each pertaining to a broad component of marine conservation: fisheries, climate change, other anthropogenic threats, ecosystems, marine citizenship, policy, societal and cultural considerations, and scientific enterprise. Our questions address many issues that are specific to marine conservation, and will serve as a road map to funders and researchers to develop programs that can greatly benefit marine conservation. C1 [Parsons, E. C. M.; Aguirre, A. Alonso; Bauer, Amy L.; Patterson, Katheryn; Wright, Andrew J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Favaro, Brett; Cote, Isabelle M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Favaro, Brett] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fisheries & Marine Inst, Ctr Sustainable Aquat Resources, St John, NF A1C 5R3, Canada. [Aguirre, A. Alonso] Smithsonian Mason Sch Conservat, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Blight, Louise K.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Blight, Louise K.] WWF Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2, Canada. [Cigliano, John A.] Cedar Crest Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. [Coleman, Melinda A.] NSW Fisheries, New South Wales Dept Primary Ind, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. [Coleman, Melinda A.; Kelaher, Brendan P.] So Cross Univ, Natl Marine Sci Ctr, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. [Draheim, Megan] Virginia Tech, Ctr Leadership Global Sustainabil, Nat Resource Programs, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fletcher, Stephen; Jefferson, Rebecca] Univ Plymouth, Ctr Marine & Coastal Policy Res, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Foley, Melissa M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jones, Miranda C.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Ocean Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Lundquist, Carolyn J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Lundquist, Carolyn J.] Univ Auckland, Leigh Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Nelson, Anne] Collaborat Ocean Planning, Portland, OR 97293 USA. [Walsh, Leslie] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Parsons, ECM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ecm-parsons@earthlink.net RI Parsons, Edward Christien/C-2409-2011; Coleman, Melinda A/R-5563-2016; OI Parsons, Edward Christien/0000-0002-0464-1046; Coleman, Melinda A/0000-0003-2623-633X; Sutherland, William/0000-0002-6498-0437; Wright, Andrew/0000-0002-8718-8143; Kelaher, Brendan/0000-0002-7505-4412 FU Society for Conservation Biology's (SCB) Marine Section FX We are grateful to the Society for Conservation Biology's (SCB) Marine Section for funding this exercise. We thank all individuals who submitted questions and who participated in the workshops, as well as the anonymous reviewers whose contributions improved this manuscript. The authors of this paper are all members of the SCB Biology Marine Section Board of Directors or Publications Committee. This paper was edited and submitted in accordance with direction from A. Hummer, SCB's Executive Director, R. Primark, and SCB's legal counsel, and we thank them for their advice. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1206 EP 1214 DI 10.1111/cobi.12303 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ3DH UT WOS:000342668700011 PM 24779474 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Dorman, RA Brumbaugh, WG Mebane, CA Kunz, JL Hardesty, DK AF Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Christopher G. Dorman, Rebecca A. Brumbaugh, William G. Mebane, Christopher A. Kunz, James L. Hardesty, Doug K. TI CHRONIC SENSITIVITY OF WHITE STURGEON (ACIPENSER TRANSMONTANUS) AND RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) TO CADMIUM, COPPER, LEAD, OR ZINC IN LABORATORY WATER-ONLY EXPOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Early life stages; Metal; Toxicity; Water quality criteria ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; CHRONIC TOXICITY; FRESH-WATER; O-2 UPTAKE; RATIOS; GILLS AB Chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc to white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated in water-only exposures started with newly hatched larvae or approximately 1-mo-old juveniles. The 20% effect concentration (EC20) for cadmium from the sturgeon tests was higher than the EC20 from the trout tests, whereas the EC20 for copper, lead, or zinc for the sturgeon were lower than those EC20s for the trout. When the EC20s from the present study were included in compiled toxicity databases for all freshwater species, species mean chronic value for white sturgeon was in a relatively low percentile of the species sensitivity distribution for copper (9th percentile) and in the middle percentile for cadmium (55th percentile), zinc (40th percentile), or lead (50th percentile). However, the species mean chronic value for rainbow trout was in a high percentile for copper, lead, and zinc (approximate to 68th-82nd percentile), but in a low percentile for cadmium (23rd percentile). The trout EC20s for each of the 4 metals and the sturgeon EC20s for cadmium or lead were above US Environmental Protection Agency chronic ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) or Washington State chronic water quality standards (WQS), whereas the sturgeon EC20s for copper or zinc were approximately equal to or below the chronic AWQC and WQS. In addition, acute 50% effect concentrations (EC50s) for copper obtained in the first 4 d of the chronic sturgeon test were below the final acute value used to derive acute AWQC and below acute WQS for copper. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2246-2258. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Dorman, Rebecca A.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Kunz, James L.; Hardesty, Doug K.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region [10]; USEPA FX We thank the staff at the Toxicology Branch, Ecology Branch, and Environmental Chemistry Branch of the US Geological Survey (USGS), Columbia Environmental Research Center, for technical assistance. We thank E. Van Genderen of the International Zinc Association, Durham, NC, USA, for providing the biotic ligand model-based zinc data, and we thank J. Chowdhury of the International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Durham, NC, for providing the biotic ligand model-based lead data. We thank A. Farag for providing comments on a draft of the manuscript. Funding for the present study was provided in part by Teck American through an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 10 with funds provided by the USEPA to the USGS through the Department of Interior Central Hazmat Fund. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2246 EP 2258 DI 10.1002/etc.2641 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2LZ UT WOS:000342619100011 PM 24862826 ER PT J AU Calfee, RD Little, EE Puglis, HJ Scott, E Brumbaugh, WG Mebane, CA AF Calfee, Robin D. Little, Edward E. Puglis, Holly J. Scott, Erinn Brumbaugh, William G. Mebane, Christopher A. TI ACUTE SENSITIVITY OF WHITE STURGEON (ACIPENSER TRANSMONTANUS) AND RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) TO COPPER, CADMIUM, OR ZINC IN WATER-ONLY LABORATORY EXPOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE White sturgeon; Early life stages; Metals; Acute toxicity; Biotic ligand model ID ACUTE TOXICITY; COLUMBIA RIVER; FRESH-WATER; QUALITY CRITERIA; FISH; LIFE; PROTECTION; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT AB The acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc to white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined for 7 developmental life stages in flow-through water-only exposures. Metal toxicity varied by species and by life stage. Rainbow trout were more sensitive to cadmium than white sturgeon across all life stages, with median effect concentrations (hardness-normalized EC50s) ranging from 1.47 mu g Cd/L to 2.62 mu g Cd/L with sensitivity remaining consistent during later stages of development. Rainbow trout at 46 d posthatch (dph) ranked at the 2nd percentile of a compiled database for Cd species sensitivity distribution with an EC50 of 1.46 mu g Cd/L and 72 dph sturgeon ranked at the 19th percentile (EC50 of 3.02 mu g Cd/L). White sturgeon were more sensitive to copper than rainbow trout in 5 of the 7 life stages tested with biotic ligand model (BLM)-normalized EC50s ranging from 1.51 mu g Cu/L to 21.9 mu g Cu/L. In turn, rainbow trout at 74 dph and 95 dph were more sensitive to copper than white sturgeon at 72 dph and 89 dph, indicating sturgeon become more tolerant in older life stages, whereas older trout become more sensitive to copper exposure. White sturgeon at 2 dph, 16 dph, and 30 dph ranked in the lower percentiles of a compiled database for copper species sensitivity distribution, ranking at the 3rd (2 dph), 5th (16 dph), and 10th (30 dph) percentiles. White sturgeon were more sensitive to zinc than rainbow trout for 1 out of 7 life stages tested (2 dph with an biotic ligand model-normalized EC50 of 209 mu g Zn/L) and ranked in the 1st percentile of a compiled database for zinc species sensitivity distribution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2259-2272. (c) 2014. The Authors. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published byWiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. C1 [Calfee, Robin D.; Little, Edward E.; Puglis, Holly J.; Scott, Erinn; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. RP Calfee, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rcalfee@usgs.gov FU Teck Resources Limited; US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region [10]; USEPA FX We thank the staff in the Ecology Branch, Toxicology Branch, and Environmental Chemistry Branch of the US Geological Survey (USGS), Columbia Environmental Research Center, for technical assistance. We thank E. Van Genderen of the International Zinc Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA, for providing the biotic ligand model-based zinc data. Funding for the present study was provided in part by Teck Resources Limited through an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 10 with funds provided by USEPA to USGS through the Department of Interior Central Hazmat Fund. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2259 EP 2272 DI 10.1002/etc.2684 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2LZ UT WOS:000342619100012 PM 25043712 ER PT J AU McDougall, K Martinez, AYM AF McDougall, Kristin Miranda Martinez, Adriana Yanet TI Evidence for a marine incursion along the lower Colorado River corridor SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; PLIOCENE BOUSE FORMATION; ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; AMMONIA-BECCARII; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; WESTERN ARIZONA; TEPIDA CUSHMAN; SEA-LEVEL; FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES AB Foraminiferal assemblages in the stratigraphically lower part of the Bouse Formation in the Blythe basin (lower Colorado River corridor, western USA) indicate marine conditions, whereas assemblages in the upper part of the Bouse Formation indicate lacustrine conditions and suggest the presence of a saline lake. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the lower part of the Bouse Formation are similar to lagoonal and inner neritic biofacies of the modern Gulf of California. Evidence suggesting a change from marine to lacustrine conditions includes the highest occurrence of planktic foraminifers at an elevation of 123 m above sea level (asl), the change from low diversity to monospecific foraminiferal assemblages composed only of Ammonia beccarii (between 110 and 126 m asl), an increase in abundance of A. beccarii specimens (above similar to 110 m asl), increased number of deformed tests (above similar to 123 m asl), first appearance of Chara (at similar to 85 m asl), lowest occurrence of reworked Cretaceous coccoliths (at similar to 110 m), a decrease in strontium isotopic values (between 70 and 120 m), and delta O-18 and delta C-13 values similar to seawater (between 70 and 100 m asl). Planktic foraminifers indicate a late Miocene age between 8.1 and 5.3 Ma for the oldest part of the Bouse Formation in the southern part of the Blythe basin. Benthic and planktic foraminifers correlate with other late Miocene sections in the proto-Gulf of California and suggest that the basal Bouse Formation in the Blythe basin was deposited at the northern end of this proto-gulf. After the marine connection was restricted or eliminated, the Colorado River flowed into the Blythe basin, forming a saline lake. This lake supported a monospecifi c foraminiferal assemblage of A. beccarii until the lake spilled into the Salton Trough and the Colorado River became a through-flowing river. C1 [McDougall, Kristin] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Miranda Martinez, Adriana Yanet] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP McDougall, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, 2255 Nini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. FU PAPIIT (Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica) UNAM [IN102211]; CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia) [172854] FX We thank Elizabeth Mennow at the U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Micropaleontology Laboratory for her work and assistance in preparing and locating samples and Debra Block for assisting with geographic information system work. We also thank Kyle House and Sue Beard for listening and discussing various ideas, and for encouragement, and Yolanda Hornelas Orozco, in Laboratorio de Microscopia Electronica de Barrido, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), for taking scanning electron microscope photomicrographs. We appreciate the reviews and comments provided by Keith Howard and Charles Powell II of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Andy Cohen of the University of Arizona. Miranda appreciates the financial support provided by PAPIIT (Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica) UNAM (IN102211 to A. L. Carreno) and CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, scholarship 172854). NR 181 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 5 BP 842 EP 869 DI 10.1130/GES00975.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ2JE UT WOS:000342610800002 ER PT J AU Johnson, K Nissen, E Saripalli, S Arrowsmith, JR McGarey, P Scharer, K Williams, P Blisniuk, K AF Johnson, Kendra Nissen, Edwin Saripalli, Srikanth Arrowsmith, J. Ramon McGarey, Patrick Scharer, Katherine Williams, Patrick Blisniuk, Kimberly TI Rapid mapping of ultrafine fault zone topography with structure from motion SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HIGH-RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHY; W 7.1 DARFIELD; DIFFERENTIAL LIDAR; SURFACE RUPTURE; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC-HAZARD; CARRIZO PLAIN; POINT CLOUDS AB Structure from Motion (SfM) generates high-resolution topography and coregistered texture (color) from an unstructured set of overlapping photographs taken from varying viewpoints, overcoming many of the cost, time, and logistical limitations of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and other topographic surveying methods. This paper provides the first investigation of SfM as a tool for mapping fault zone topography in areas of sparse or low-lying vegetation. First, we present a simple, affordable SfM workflow, based on an unmanned helium balloon or motorized glider, an inexpensive camera, and semiautomated software. Second, we illustrate the system at two sites on southern California faults covered by existing airborne or terrestrial LiDAR, enabling a comparative assessment of SfM topography resolution and precision. At the first site, an similar to 0.1 km(2) alluvial fan on the San Andreas fault, a colored point cloud of density mostly >700 points/m(2) and a 3 cm digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophoto were produced from 233 photos collected similar to 50 m above ground level. When a few global positioning system ground control points are incorporated, closest point vertical distances to the much sparser (similar to 4 points/m(2)) airborne LiDAR point cloud are mostly <3 cm. The second site spans an similar to 1 km section of the 1992 Landers earthquake scarp. A colored point cloud of density mostly >530 points/m(2) and a 2 cm DEM and orthophoto were produced from 450 photos taken from similar to 60 m above ground level. Closest point vertical distances to existing terrestrial LiDAR data of comparable density are mostly <6 cm. Each SfM survey took similar to 2 h to complete and several hours to generate the scene topography and texture. SfM greatly facilitates the imaging of subtle geomorphic offsets related to past earthquakes as well as rapid response mapping or long-term monitoring of faulted landscapes. C1 [Johnson, Kendra; Nissen, Edwin] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Saripalli, Srikanth; Arrowsmith, J. Ramon; McGarey, Patrick] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Scharer, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Williams, Patrick] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Blisniuk, Kimberly] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Johnson, K (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Nissen, Edwin/E-2109-2011; OI Nissen, Edwin/0000-0002-0406-2706 FU Southern California Earthquake Center [10526, 13084]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0930731, 0930643]; Earth Sciences (EAR) Geophysics program at the NSF; NSF [EAR-0651098] FX This project was funded by the Southern California Earthquake Center through grants 10526 and 13084. Our highest quality structure from motion (SfM) datasets at both sites are freely available for download (as point clouds or digital elevation models) from the OpenTopography portal (www.opentopography.org), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under awards 0930731 and 0930643. All LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data used in the paper were also downloaded from OpenTopography. The B4 LiDAR Project collected point cloud data over the southern San Andreas and San Jacinto faults in southern California. Lidar data acquisition and processing were performed by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping in partnership with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS; led by Ken Hudnut) and Ohio State University (led by Michael Bevis) with funding from the Earth Sciences (EAR) Geophysics program at the NSF. Optech International contributed the ALTM3100 laser scanner system, UNAVCO and SCIGN (Southern California Integrated GPS Network) assisted in global positioning system (GPS) ground control and continuous high-rate GPS data acquisition, and a group of volunteers from the USGS, University of California-San Diego, University of California-Los Angeles, California Institute of Technology, and private industry, as well as gracious landowners along the fault zones, also made the project possible. Terrestrial LiDAR data for the Galway Lake Road scarp were collected by a joint team from the University of Texas-Dallas and Arizona State University with support from NSF grant EAR-0651098. This scan, and our new SfM dataset, build on more than two decades of work at this site led by Dallas Rhodes and Ramon Arrowsmith. Dimitri Lague brought the open source CloudCompare (http://www.danielgm.net/cc/) to our attention, and students at the Understanding Earth-Surface Processes in the Alpine Environment from High-Resolution Topography European Geosciences Union summer school (http://intra.tesaf.unipd.it/cms/summeregu2013/) showed Arrowsmith how well it could work for these purposes. We thank Brance Hudzietz and Yucong Lin for their help in the field; several other colleagues, including Chris Crosby, Emily Kleber, Mike Oskin, and Barrett Salisbury, for many fruitful discussions; and Ryan Gold and Scott Bennett for careful initial reviews of the manuscript. We also thank an anonymous reviewer, Nico Hardebol, and Shanaka de Silva for their reviews for Geosphere. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 32 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 5 BP 969 EP 986 DI 10.1130/GES01017.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ2JE UT WOS:000342610800008 ER PT J AU Preece, SJ McGimsey, RG Westgate, JA Pearce, NJG Hart, WK Perkins, WT AF Preece, S. J. McGimsey, R. G. Westgate, J. A. Pearce, N. J. G. Hart, W. K. Perkins, W. T. TI Chemical complexity and source of the White River Ash, Alaska and Yukon SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WRANGELL VOLCANIC FIELD; NORTH-AMERICA; ICP-MS; NORTHWESTERN CANADA; MAGMA CHAMBERS; GLASS SHARDS; TEPHRA BEDS; TERRITORY; MANTLE; AGE AB The White River Ash, a prominent stratigraphic marker bed in Alaska (USA) and Yukon (Canada), consists of multiple compositional units belonging to two geochemical groups. The compositional units are characterized using multiple criteria, with combined glass and ilmenite compositions being the best discriminators. Two compositional units compose the northern group (WRA-Na and WRA-Nb), and two units are present in the eastern group (WRA-Ea and the younger, WRA-Eb). In the proximal area, the ca. 1900 yr B. P. (Lerbekmo et al., 1975) WRA-Na displays reverse zoning in the glass phase and systematic changes in ilmenite composition and estimated oxygen fugacity from the base to the top of the unit. The eruption probably tapped different magma batches or bodies within the magma reservoir with limited mixing or mingling between them. The 1147 cal yr B. P. (calibrated years, approximately equivalent to calendric years) (Clague et al., 1995) WRA-Ea eruption is only weakly zoned, but pumices with different glass compositions are present, along with gray and white intermingled glass in individual pumice clasts, indicating the presence of multiple magmatic bodies or layers. All White River Ash products are high-silica adakites and are sourced from the Mount Churchill magmatic system. C1 [Preece, S. J.; Westgate, J. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [McGimsey, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Pearce, N. J. G.; Perkins, W. T.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. [Hart, W. K.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Preece, SJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM preece@es.utoronto.ca RI Pearce, Nicholas/B-5295-2009; OI Pearce, Nicholas/0000-0003-3157-9564 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. National Science Foundation FX This contribution is dedicated to the memory of Don Richter of the U. S. Geological Survey, who worked extensively in the Wrangell volcanic field and encouraged two of us (Preece and Hart) to examine the volcanology and petrology of the Wrangell volcanic field. Preece thanks D. Froese of the University of Alberta for support during a portion of this study. This work was supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to Westgate and from the U.S. National Science Foundation to Hart. We thank Keith Labay of the U. S. Geological Survey for preparation of Figures 1 and 2, and Tom Sisson and two other reviewers for their comments. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1020 EP 1042 DI 10.1130/GES00953.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ2JE UT WOS:000342610800011 ER PT J AU Gini, C AF Gini, Chandra TI LETTER FROM CHANDRA P. GIRI, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gini, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 BP 916 EP 916 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AQ1OX UT WOS:000342551800001 ER PT J AU Colditz, RR Pouliot, D Llamas, RM Homer, C Latifovic, R Ressl, RA Tovar, CM Hernandez, AV Richardson, K AF Colditz, Rene R. Pouliot, Darren Llamas, Ricardo M. Homer, Collin Latifovic, Rasim Ressl, Rainer A. Tovar, Carmen Meneses Hernandez, Arturo Victoria Richardson, Karen TI DETECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN LAND COVER CHANGE BETWEEN 2005 AND 2010 WITH 250M MODIS DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CANADA; IMAGERY C1 [Colditz, Rene R.; Llamas, Ricardo M.; Ressl, Rainer A.] Natl Commiss Knowledge & Use Biodivers CONABIO, Mexico City 14010, DF, Mexico. [Pouliot, Darren; Latifovic, Rasim] CCRS, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. [Homer, Collin] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Tovar, Carmen Meneses] Natl Forestry Commiss CONAFOR, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico. [Hernandez, Arturo Victoria] Natl Inst Stat & Geog INEGI, Aguascalientes 20270, Mexico. [Richardson, Karen] Commiss Environm Cooperat CEC, Montreal, PQ H2Y 1N9, Canada. RP Colditz, RR (reprint author), Natl Commiss Knowledge & Use Biodivers CONABIO, Liga Periferico Insurgentes 4903,Parques Pedregal, Mexico City 14010, DF, Mexico. EM rene.colditz@conabio.gob.mx NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 BP 918 EP 924 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AQ1OX UT WOS:000342551800005 ER PT J AU Myint, SW Franklin, J Buenemann, M Kim, WK Gini, CP AF Myint, Soe W. Franklin, Janet Buenemann, Michaele Kim, Won K. Gini, Chandra P. TI Examining Change Detection Approaches for Tropical Mangrove Monitoring SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING TECHNIQUES; LAND-COVER; FOREST DISTRIBUTIONS; SATELLITE DATA; VEGETATION; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS; IMAGERY; COAST; CLASSIFICATION AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of different band combinations and classifiers (unsupervised, supervised, object-oriented nearest neighbor, and object-oriented decision rule) for quantifying mangrove forest change using multitemporal Landsat data. A discriminant analysis using spectra of different vegetation types determined that bands 2 (0.52 to 0.6 mu m), 5 (1.55 to 1.75 mu m), and 7(2.08 to 2.35 mu m) were the most effective bands for differentiating mangrove forests from surrounding land cover types. A ranking of thirty-six change maps, produced by comparing the classification accuracy of twelve change detection approaches, was used. The object-based Nearest Neighbor classifier produced the highest mean overall accuracy (84 percent) regardless of band combinations. The automated decision rule-based approach (mean overall accuracy of 88 percent) as well as a composite of bands 2, 5, and 7 used with the unsupervised classifier and the same composite or all band difference with the object-oriented Nearest Neighbor classifier were the most effective approaches. C1 [Myint, Soe W.; Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Buenemann, Michaele] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geog, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kim, Won K.] Korea Forest Res Inst, Forest Econ & Management Div, Seoul 132712, South Korea. [Gini, Chandra P.] USGS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Myint, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, POB 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Soe.myint@asu.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 BP 983 EP 993 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AQ1OX UT WOS:000342551800013 ER PT J AU Namgail, T Takekawa, JY Balachandran, S Sathiyaselvam, P Mundkur, T Newman, SH AF Namgail, Tsewang Takekawa, John Y. Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal Sathiyaselvam, Ponnusamy Mundkur, Taej Newman, Scott H. TI Space use of wintering waterbirds in India: Influence of trophic ecology on home-range size SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anatidae; Garganey; Gadwall; Northern Shoveler; Chilika; India ID PINTAILS AB Relationship between species' home range and their other biological traits remains poorly understood, especially in migratory birds due to the difficulty associated with tracking them. Advances in satellite telemetry and remote sensing techniques have proved instrumental in overcoming such challenges. We studied the space use of migratory ducks through satellite telemetry with an objective of understanding the influence of body mass and feeding habits on their home-range sizes. We marked 26 individuals, representing five species of migratory ducks, with satellite transmitters during two consecutive winters in three Indian states. We used kernel methods to estimate home ranges and core use areas of these waterfowl, and assessed the influence of body mass and feeding habits on home-range size. Feeding habits influenced the home-range size of the migratory ducks. Carnivorous ducks had the largest home ranges, herbivorous ducks the smallest, while omnivorous species had intermediate home-ranges. Body mass did not explain variation in home-range size. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on migratory ducks, and it has important implications for their conservation and management C1 [Namgail, Tsewang; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Namgail, Tsewang] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal; Sathiyaselvam, Ponnusamy] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400001, Maharashtra, India. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Namgail, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM tsewang.namgail@gmail.com FU EMPRES Wildlife Health and Ecology Unit of the FAO; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS); Wetlands International FX Funding for this work was received from the EMPRES Wildlife Health and Ecology Unit of the FAO, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) and Wetlands International. We thank David Douglas and William Perry (USGS) for their help and support with the satellite data and Lacy Smith (USGS) for her help with the GIS work. We also acknowledge the help and support of Shane Heath (USGS), Meenakshi Nagendran (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Jim Harvey (Moss Landing Marine Laboratories), Bridget Collins (USGS), Tracy McCracken, Acty George (FAO), Lucy Hawkes (University of Wales), Devojit Das, V. Thirunavukarasu, P. Gangaiamaran, Dr.Mandava V. Subba Rao, S. Nagarajan, Anwaruddin Choudhury (Joint Secretary, Tourism, Government of Assam), Sourabh Sen (US State Department, US Embassy in Kolkata) for support and encouragement in the field. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 60 IS 5 BP 616 EP 621 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AP8UT UT WOS:000342355500007 ER PT J AU Duke, GI Carlson, RW Frost, CD Hearn, BC Eby, GN AF Duke, Genet Ide Carlson, Richard W. Frost, Carol D. Hearn, B. C., Jr. Eby, G. Nelson TI Continent-scale linearity of kimberlite-carbonatite magmatism, mid-continent North America SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE kimberlite; carbonatite; Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope geochemistry; mantle reservoirs; Arkansas ID ABSAROKA VOLCANIC PROVINCE; FARALLON PLATE SUBDUCTION; ND ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; EARTHS DEEP MANTLE; UNITED-STATES; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; WYOMING CRATON; IGNEOUS PROVINCE; TRANSITION-ZONE; SILICATE ROCKS AB Cretaceous-Tertiary kimberlite-carbonatite magmatism in mid-continent North America extends along a N40 degrees W linear trend from Louisiana to Alberta, and occurs in at least four different pulses (similar to 109-85, 67-64,55-52, and less than 50 Ma). The lack of spatial age progressions of magmatism consistent with motion of North America over a fixed hot spot, the presence of Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic and trace-element compositions that show a temporal evolution from lithospheric to asthenospheric melt-sources, and the orientation of the magmatic belt parallel to the western subduction margin of the North American plate, suggest that this linear zone is the surface expression of mantle melting related to the subduction system. We propose that fragmentation of Farallon and Kula plates opened slab windows perpendicular to their convergence direction. In this model, sheet-like mantle upwellings were induced along slab-window margins, and these upwellings underwent low-degree partial melting to produce highly alkalic magmas along the trend parallel to, but similar to 2000 km east of, the convergent margin. The N40 degrees W trend may reflect melting associated with penetration of the mantle transition-zone by the downgoing oceanic plate(s). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Duke, Genet Ide] Arkansas Tech Univ, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. [Carlson, Richard W.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [Frost, Carol D.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hearn, B. C., Jr.] USGS Reston Smithsonian, Reston, VA USA. [Eby, G. Nelson] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA USA. RP Duke, GI (reprint author), Arkansas Tech Univ, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. EM gduke1@atu.edu RI Frost, Carol/E-9048-2014; OI Frost, Carol/0000-0002-1674-2725; Eby, G. Nelson/0000-0001-8702-1039 FU Louisiana State University-Alexandria [PO31A050073] FX We thank S. Shirey for helpful comments and reviews, M. Horan and T. Mock for lab guidance, and M. Howard, A.N. Mariano, and D. Clark for field help. Funding for the Arkansas lab and field work was provided by two federal Title III mini-grants administered by Louisiana State University-Alexandria (PR Award PO31A050073), with special thanks to T. Awtry and T. Armstrong. We are grateful for reviews from three anonymous individuals, as well as for comments from the editor. NR 123 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 403 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.023 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP7GZ UT WOS:000342247100001 ER PT J AU Barnhart, WD Hayes, GP Briggs, RW Gold, RD Bilham, R AF Barnhart, W. D. Hayes, G. P. Briggs, R. W. Gold, R. D. Bilham, R. TI Ball-and-socket tectonic rotation during the 2013 M(w)7.7 Balochistan earthquake SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE geodesy; seismology; continental strike slip earthquakes; block rotations ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SOUTHWEST-PAKISTAN; ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; PLATE BOUNDARY; ASEISMIC SLIP; MECHANICS; REACTIVATION; CALIFORNIA AB The September 2013 M(w)7.7 Balochistan earthquake ruptured a similar to 200-km-long segment of the curved Hoshab fault in southern Pakistan with 10 +/- 0.2 m of peak sinistral and similar to 1.7 +/- 0.8 m of dip slip. This rupture is unusual because the fault dips 60 +/- 15 degrees towards the focus of a small circle centered in northwest Pakistan, and, despite a 30 degrees increase in obliquity along strike, the ratios of strike and dip slip remain relatively uniform. Surface displacements and geodetic and teleseismic source inversions quantify a bilateral rupture that propagated rapidly at shallow depths from a transtensional jog near the northern end of the rupture. Static friction prior to rupture was unusually weak (mu < 0.05), and friction may have approached zero during dynamic rupture. Here we show that the inward-dipping Hoshab fault defines the northern rim of a structural unit in southeast Makran that rotates - akin to a 2-D ball-and-socket joint - counter-clockwise in response to India's penetration into the Eurasian plate. This rotation accounts for complexity in the Chaman fault system and, in principle, reduces seismic potential near Karachi; nonetheless, these findings highlight deficiencies in strong ground motion equations and tectonic models that invoke Anderson-Byerlee faulting predictions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnhart, W. D.; Hayes, G. P.; Briggs, R. W.; Gold, R. D.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bilham, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bilham, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barnhart, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wbarnhart@usgs.gov RI Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; peut.etre, peut.etre/G-7835-2015; OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral fellowship; USGS Geological Hazards program FX We thank Edwin Nissen, Jean-Philippe Avouac, an anonymous reviewer, and editor Peter Shearer for thoughtful reviews that helped to improve the manuscript. Additionally, we thank Michael Willis and Andrew Melkonian for discussions on strategies to process Landsat imagery and providing tools for offset geocoding, and Earl Wilson for assistance in obtaining WorldView-2 optical imagery. W. Barnhart was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral fellowship; G. Hayes, R. Briggs, and R. Gold were supported by the USGS Geological Hazards program. WorldView-2 optical imagery 2013 Digital Globe, provided through the NGA Commercial Imagery Program. Several figures were produced using the Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel and Smith, 1998). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 403 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.001 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP7GZ UT WOS:000342247100020 ER PT J AU Cull, S Cravotta, CA Klinges, JG Weeks, C AF Cull, Selby Cravotta, Charles A., III Klinges, Julia Grace Weeks, Chloe TI Spectral masking of goethite in abandoned mine drainage systems: Implications for Mars SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; remote sensing; acid mine drainage ID SOUTHERN ANTHRACITE COALFIELD; SWATARA CREEK BASIN; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; FIELD-EVALUATION; OXIDE MINERALS; PENNSYLVANIA; USA; IRON; SULFATES; HEMATITE AB Remote sensing studies of the surface of Mars use visible- to near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy to identify hydrated and hydroxylated minerals, which can be used to constrain past environmental conditions on the surface of Mars. However, due to differences in optical properties, some hydrated phases can mask others in VNIR spectra, complicating environmental interpretations. Here, we examine the role of masking in VNIR spectra of natural precipitates of ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and goethite from abandoned mine drainage (AMD) systems in southeastern Pennsylvania. Mixtures of ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and goethite were identified in four AMD sites by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and their XRD patterns compared to their VNIR spectra. We find that both ferrihydrite and schwertmannite can mask goethite in VNIR spectra of natural AMD precipitates. These findings suggest that care should be taken in interpreting environments on Mars where ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, or goethite are found, as the former two may be masking the latter. Additionally, our findings suggest that outcrops on Mars with both goethite and ferrihydrite/schwertmannite VNIR signatures may have high relative abundances of goethite, or the goethite may exist in a coarsely crystalline phase. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cull, Selby; Weeks, Chloe] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Cravotta, Charles A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Klinges, Julia Grace] Haverford Coll, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. RP Cull, S (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, 101 Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. EM scull@brynmawr.edu FU Bryn Mawr College Praxis Program; Summer Science Program FX The authors would like to thank the Schuylkill Headwaters Association and Schuylkill Conservation District for their field assistance, particularly Wayne Lehman and William Reichert. We also thank the Bryn Mawr College Praxis Program and Summer Science Program, which provided funding and support for student involvement in this project, and EunJi Yun and Misha Sims for help with sample preparation. Finally, we thank Jerry Bigham and two anonymous reviewers for feedback that improved the quality of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 403 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.045 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP7GZ UT WOS:000342247100021 ER PT J AU Engeman, R Avery, ML Jacobson, E AF Engeman, Richard Avery, Michael L. Jacobson, Elliott TI Weighing empirical and hypothetical evidence for assessing potential invasive species range limits: a review of the case of Burmese pythons in the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Climate matching; Constrictor snakes; Physiological ecology; Python molurus bivittatus; Species distribution models; Thermal tolerances ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; FLORIDA; MODELS; REPTILES; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPANSION; SUCCESS; PREDICT AB Range expansion potential is an important consideration for prioritizing management actions against an invasive species. Understanding the potential for range expansion by invasive reptiles such as the Burmese python can be challenging, because the lack of knowledge on fundamental physiological and behavioral constraints initially forces reliance on modeling to predict hypothetical invasive range potential. Hypothetical predictions for Burmese python range limits in the USA have been highly divergent, from only extreme South Florida and the extreme southern Gulf edge of Texas to a broad swath over the southern third of the continental USA. Empirical observations on python thermal tolerances and behavioral abilities to cope with more temperate temperatures became evident during a cold spell in December 2009-January 2010. We review and highlight important considerations for improving invasive range estimation methodology, deciding between competing range predictions, and the importance of having, and applying, empirical data to aid in decision making. C1 [Engeman, Richard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Jacobson, Elliott] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Engeman, R (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 116 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 21 IS 20 BP 11973 EP 11978 DI 10.1007/s11356-014-3173-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ0DP UT WOS:000342453100031 PM 24943887 ER PT J AU Bourdet, J Burruss, RC Chou, IM Kempton, R Liu, KY Hung, NV AF Bourdet, Julien Burruss, Robert C. Chou, I. -Ming Kempton, Richard Liu, Keyu Nguyen Viet Hung TI Evidence for a palaeo-oil column and alteration of residual oil in a gas-condensate field: Integrated oil inclusion and experimental results SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON FLUID INCLUSIONS; WESTERN CANADA BASIN; FT-IR MEASUREMENTS; CRUDE OILS; PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENCE ALTERATION; RESERVOIR GEOCHEMISTRY; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; THERMAL-MATURATION AB In the Phuong Dong gas condensate field, Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam, hydrocarbon inclusions in quartz trapped a variety of petroleum fluids in the gas zone. Based on the attributes of the oil inclusion assemblages (fluorescence colour of the oil, bubble size, presence of bitumen), the presence of a palaeo-oil column is inferred prior to migration of gas into the reservoir. When a palaeo-oil column is displaced by gas, a residual volume fraction of oil remains in pores. If the gas does not completely mix with the oil, molecular partitioning between the residual oil and the new gas charge may change the composition and properties of the residual oil (gas stripping or gas washing). To simulate this phenomenon in the laboratory, we sealed small amounts of crude oil (42 and 30 similar to API) and excess pure gas (methane, ethane, or propane) in fused silica capillary capsules (FSCCs), with and without water. These mixtures were characterized with the same methods used to characterize the fluid inclusions, heating and cooling stage microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, synchrotron FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. At room temperature, mixtures of ethane and propane with the 30 degrees API oil formed a new immiscible fluorescent liquid phase with colour that is visually more blue than the initial oil. The fluorescence of the original oil phase shifted to yellow or disappeared with formation of semi-solid residues. The blue-shift of the fluorescence of the immiscible phases and strong CH stretching bands in FT-IR spectra are consistent with stripping of hydrocarbon molecules from the oil. In experiments in FSCCs with water solid residues are common. At elevated temperature, reproducing geologic reservoir conditions, the fluorescence changes and therefore the molecular fractionation are enhanced. However, the precipitation of solid residues is responsible of more complex changes. Mixing experiments with the 42 degrees Lambda PI oil do not form a new immiscible hydrocarbon liquid although the fluorescence displays a similar yellow shift when gas is added. Solid residues rarely form in mixtures with 42 degrees API oil. FT-IR spectra suggest that the decrease of fluorescence intensity of the original oil at short wavelengths to be due to the partitioning of low molecular weight aromatic molecules into the vapour phase and/or the new immiscible liquid phase. The decrease of fluorescence intensity at long wavelengths appears to be due to loss of high molecular weight aromatics during precipitation of solid residues by desorption of aromatics and resins from asphaltenes. Desorption of low molecular weight aromatics and resins from asphaltenes during precipitation can also increase the fluorescence intensity at short wavelengths of the residual oil. Water clearly affects the precipitation of semi-solid residues from the oil phase of the lowest API gravity oil. The change of hydrocarbon phase(s) in UV-visible fluorescence and FT-IR enclosed within the FSCCs were compared with the fluorescence patterns of natural fluid inclusions at Phuong Dong gas condensate field. The experimental results support the concept of gas-washing of residual oil and are consistent with the oil inclusion attributes from the current gas zone at Phuong Dong field. The hydrocarbon charge history of the fractured granite reservoir is interpreted to result from the trapping of residual oil after drainage of a palaeo-oil column by gas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bourdet, Julien; Kempton, Richard; Liu, Keyu] CSIRO Energy Flagship, ARRC, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Burruss, Robert C.; Chou, I. -Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nguyen Viet Hung] Japan Vietnam Petr Co Ltd, Explorat Grp, JX Nippon Oil & Gas Consulting Serv, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Bourdet, J (reprint author), CSIRO Energy Flagship, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. EM julien.bourdet@csiro.au; burruss@usgs.gov; imchou@usgs.gov; richard.kempton@csiro.au; keyu.liu@csiro.au; hung.nv@jvpc.com.vn NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 142 BP 362 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.022 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ2NB UT WOS:000342622400024 ER PT J AU Fiege, A Holtz, F Shimizu, N Mandeville, CW Behrens, H Knipping, JL AF Fiege, Adrian Holtz, Francois Shimizu, Nobumichi Mandeville, Charles W. Behrens, Harald Knipping, Jaayke L. TI Sulfur isotope fractionation between fluid and andesitic melt: An experimental study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SILICATE MELTS; OXIDATION-STATE; GLASS MELTS; DISSOLUTION MECHANISM; MOLAR ABSORPTIVITIES; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; MAGMATIC VOLATILES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BASALTIC MELTS AB Glasses produced from decompression experiments conducted by Fiege et al. (2014a) were used to investigate the fractionation of sulfur isotopes between fluid and andesitic melt upon magma degassing. Starting materials were synthetic glasses with a composition close to a Krakatau dacitic andesite. The glasses contained 4.55-7.95 wt% H2O, similar to 140 to 2700 ppm sulfur (S), and 0-1000 ppm chlorine (Cl). The experiments were carried out in internally heated pressure vessels (IHPV) at 1030 degrees C and oxygen fugacities (f(O2)) ranging from QFM+0.8 log units up to QFM+4.2 log units (QFM: quartz fayalite magnetite buffer). The decompression experiments were conducted by releasing pressure (P) continuously from similar to 400 MPa to final P of 150, 100, 70 and 30 MPa. The decompression rate (r) ranged from 0.01 to 0.17 MPa/s. The samples were annealed for 0-72 h (annealing time, t(A)) at the final P and quenched rapidly from 1030 degrees C to room temperature (T). The decompression led to the formation of a S-bearing aqueous fluid phase due to the relatively large fluid melt partitioning coefficients of S. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to determine the isotopic composition of the glasses before and after decompression. Mass balance calculations were applied to estimate the gas melt S isotope fractionation factor alpha(g-m). No detectable effect of r and t(A) on alpha(g-m) was observed. However, SIMS data revealed a remarkable increase of alpha(g-m) from similar to 0.9985 +/- 0.0007 at >QFM+3 to similar to 1.0042 +/- 0.0042 at similar to QFM+1. Noteworthy, the isotopic fractionation at reducing conditions was about an order of magnitude larger than predicted by previous works. Based on our experimental results and on previous findings for S speciation in fluid and silicate melt a new model predicting the effect of fO(2) on alpha(g-m) (or Delta S-34(g-m)) in andesitic systems at 1030 degrees C is proposed. Our experimental results as well as our modeling are of high importance for the interpretation of S isotope signatures in natural samples (e.g., melt inclusions or volcanic gases). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fiege, Adrian; Holtz, Francois; Behrens, Harald; Knipping, Jaayke L.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Fiege, Adrian; Knipping, Jaayke L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shimizu, Nobumichi] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mandeville, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Fiege, A (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, Callinstr 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM afiege@umich.edu; f.holtz@mineralogie.uni-hannover.de; nshimizu@whoi.edu; cmandeville@usgs.gov; h.behrens@mineralogie.uni-hannover.de; jaaykek@umich.edu RI Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015 FU German Science Foundation [BE1720/25-1]; German National Academic Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0838482, EAR-0838436, EAR-0838328] FX This project was supported by the German Science Foundation (BE1720/25-1 to H. Behrens), by the German National Academic Foundation, and by Collaborative Research Grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0838482 to C.W. Mandeville, EAR-0838436 to N. Shimizu, and EAR-0838328 to K.A. Kelley). We acknowledge Don Lindsley, Bruce Watson, Jay Thomas, Antonio Buono, for assistance with synthesis of S standard glasses, and Bruce Taylor, Minoru Kusakabe, Shuhei Ono, and Nicole Keller for assistance with sulfur isotopic analyses of synthesized glasses. Special thanks go to Alain Burgisser for providing the DCompress model and to O. Dietrich for samples preparation. We acknowledge the Synchroton Light Source ANKA for provision of instruments at their beamlines and we would like to thank J. Gottlicher and R. Steininger for assistance in using beamline SUL-X. We are grateful for the constructive reviews and helpful suggestions of the J.C.M. De Hoog, N. Metrich, T. Sisson, J.B. Lowenstern and an anonymous reviewer as well as for the editorial work of P. King. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 142 BP 501 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.015 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ2NB UT WOS:000342622400032 ER PT J AU Batista, FC Ravelo, AC Crusius, J Casso, MA McCarthy, MD AF Batista, Fabian C. Ravelo, A. Christina Crusius, John Casso, Michael A. McCarthy, Matthew D. TI Compound specific amino acid delta N-15 in marine sediments: A new approach for studies of the marine nitrogen cycle SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE; AQUATIC FOOD-WEB; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NORTH PACIFIC; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINKING PARTICLES; TROPHIC POSITION AB The nitrogen (N) isotopic composition (delta N-15) of bulk sedimentary N (delta N-15(bulk)) is a common tool for studying past biogeochemical cycling in the paleoceanographic record. Empirical evidence suggests that natural fluctuations in the.515N of surface nutrient N are reflected in the delta N-15 of exported planktonic biomass and in sedimentary delta N-15(bulk) However, delta N-15(bulk) is an analysis of total combustible sedimentary N, and therefore also includes mixtures of N sources and/or selective removal or preservation of N-containing compounds. Compound-specific nitrogen isotope analyses of individual amino acids (delta N-15(AA)) are novel measurements with the potential to decouple delta N-15 changes in nutrient N from trophic effects, two main processes that can influence delta N-15(bulk) records. As a proof of concept study to examine how delta N-15(AA) can be applied in marine sedimentary systems, we compare the delta N-15(AA) signatures of surface and sinking POM sources with shallow surface sediments from the Santa Barbara Basin, a sub-oxic depositional environmental that exhibits excellent preservation of sedimentary organic matter. Our results demonstrate that delta N-15(AA) signatures of both planktonic biomass and sinking POM are well preserved in such surface sediments. However, we also observed an unexpected inverse correlation between.515N value of phenylalanine (delta N-15(AA)); the best AA proxy for N isotopic value at the base of the food web) and calculated trophic position. We used a simple N isotope mass balance model to confirm that over long time scales, delta N-15(AA) values should in fact be directly dependent on shifts in ecosystem trophic position. While this result may appear incongruent with current applications of delta N-15(AA) in food webs, it is consistent with expectations that paleoarchives will integrate N dynamics over much longer timescales. We therefore propose that for paleoceanographic applications, key delta N-15(AA) parameters are ecosystem trophic position, which determines relative partitioning of N-15 into source AA versus trophic AA pools, and the integrated delta N-15(AA) of all common protein AA (delta N-15(AA)), which serves as a proxy for the delta N-15 of nutrient N. Together, we suggest that these can provide a coupled picture of regime shifts in planktonic ecosystem structure, delta N-15 at the base of food webs, and possibly additional information about nutrient dynamics. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Batista, Fabian C.; Ravelo, A. Christina; McCarthy, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Casso, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Batista, FC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM fbatista@ucsc.edu; mccarthy@pmc.ucsc.edu FU UC Regents Fellowship; NSF [OCE-1131816] FX This work was partially supported by a UC Regents Fellowship awarded to Fabian Batista. The majority of the analyses were supported by NSF OCE-1131816 awarded to Matthew D. McCarthy. We acknowledge Bob Thunell for kindly providing sediment trap samples, Heather Ford and Jon LaRiviere for collecting plankton tow and multicore samples, and Alexis Kersey for preparation of samples for bulk isotope analysis. Lastly, we are thankful to the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript, who provided many useful comments that greatly improved the presentation and discussion of this work. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 142 BP 553 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.002 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ2NB UT WOS:000342622400035 ER PT J AU Fahrenfeld, N Cozzarelli, IM Bailey, Z Pruden, A AF Fahrenfeld, Nicole Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Bailey, Zach Pruden, Amy TI Insights into Biodegradation Through Depth-Resolved Microbial Community Functional and Structural Profiling of a Crude-Oil Contaminant Plume SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; SPILL SITE; POPULATIONS; QUANTIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; PROGRESSION; BACTERIA; GENOME AB Small-scale geochemical gradients are a key feature of aquifer contaminant plumes, highlighting the need for functional and structural profiling of corresponding microbial communities on a similar scale. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial functional and structural diversity with depth across representative redox zones of a hydrocarbon plume and an adjacent wetland, at the Bemidji Oil Spill site. A combination of quantitative PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and pyrosequencing were applied to vertically sampled sediment cores. Levels of the methanogenic marker gene, methyl coenzyme-M reductase A (mcrA), increased with depth near the oil body center, but were variable with depth further downgradient. Benzoate degradation N (bzdN) hydrocarbon-degradation gene, common to facultatively anaerobic Azoarcus spp., was found at all locations, but was highest near the oil body center. Microbial community structural differences were observed across sediment cores, and bacterial classes containing known hydrocarbon degraders were found to be low in relative abundance. Depth-resolved functional and structural profiling revealed the strongest gradients in the iron-reducing zone, displaying the greatest variability with depth. This study provides important insight into biogeochemical characteristics in different regions of contaminant plumes, which will aid in improving models of contaminant fate and natural attenuation rates. C1 [Fahrenfeld, Nicole] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bailey, Zach; Pruden, Amy] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Fahrenfeld, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, 96 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nfahrenf@rutgers.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science; NSF [1062860]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX This work was funded by the Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science and the NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates site award 1062860. This research was also supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS National Research Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Virginia Tech or the NSF. Helpful review comments were provided by Denise Akob and Barbara Bekins, analytical support was provided by Jeanne Jaeschke, and GIS support provided by Melinda Erickson. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 68 IS 3 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s00248-014-0421-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA AP6RC UT WOS:000342204100003 PM 24760171 ER PT J AU Geist, EL ten Brink, US Gove, M AF Geist, Eric L. ten Brink, Uri S. Gove, Matthew TI A framework for the probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Meteotsunami; Probabilistic analysis; Squall line; Derecho; Shallow-water wave; Linear long wave ID RESPONSE FUNCTION-APPROACH; ADRIATIC COASTAL WATERS; LONG BAROTROPIC WAVES; METEOROLOGICAL TSUNAMIS; KURIL ISLANDS; DAYTONA-BEACH; SHALLOW-WATER; OCEAN WAVES; SQUALL-LINE; EDGE WAVES AB A probabilistic technique is developed to assess the hazard from meteotsunamis. Meteotsunamis are unusual sea-level events, generated when the speed of an atmospheric pressure or wind disturbance is comparable to the phase speed of long waves in the ocean. A general aggregation equation is proposed for the probabilistic analysis, based on previous frameworks established for both tsunamis and storm surges, incorporating different sources and source parameters of meteotsunamis. Parameterization of atmospheric disturbances and numerical modeling is performed for the computation of maximum meteotsunami wave amplitudes near the coast. A historical record of pressure disturbances is used to establish a continuous analytic distribution of each parameter as well as the overall Poisson rate of occurrence. A demonstration study is presented for the northeast U.S. in which only isolated atmospheric pressure disturbances from squall lines and derechos are considered. For this study, Automated Surface Observing System stations are used to determine the historical parameters of squall lines from 2000 to 2013. The probabilistic equations are implemented using a Monte Carlo scheme, where a synthetic catalog of squall lines is compiled by sampling the parameter distributions. For each entry in the catalog, ocean wave amplitudes are computed using a numerical hydrodynamic model. Aggregation of the results from the Monte Carlo scheme results in a meteotsunami hazard curve that plots the annualized rate of exceedance with respect to maximum event amplitude for a particular location along the coast. Results from using multiple synthetic catalogs, resampled from the parent parameter distributions, yield mean and quantile hazard curves. Further refinements and improvements for probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis are discussed. C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov; utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD OCT PY 2014 VL 74 IS 1 BP 123 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1294-1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AP9TU UT WOS:000342423700007 ER PT J AU Wann, GT Aldridge, CL Braun, CE AF Wann, Gregory T. Aldridge, Cameron L. Braun, Clait E. TI Estimates of annual survival, growth, and recruitment of a white-tailed ptarmigan population in Colorado over 43 years SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alpine; Colorado; Demography; Lagopus leucura; Weather ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; ROCK PTARMIGAN; WINTERING POPULATION; HUNTING MORTALITY; MIGRATORY BIRD; BODY-WEIGHT; RED GROUSE AB Long-term datasets for high-elevation species are rare, and considerable uncertainty exists in understanding how high-elevation populations have responded to recent climate warming. We present estimates of demographic vital rates from a 43-year population study of white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), a species endemic to alpine habitats in western North America. We used capture-recapture models to estimate annual rates of apparent survival, population growth, and recruitment for breeding-age ptarmigan, and we fit winter weather covariates to models in an attempt to explain annual variation. There were no trends in survival over the study period but there was strong support for age and sex effects. The average rate of annual growth suggests a relatively stable breeding-age population ( = 1.036), but there was considerable variation between years for both population growth and recruitment rates. Winter weather covariates only explained a small amount of variation in female survival and were not an important predictor of male survival. Cumulative winter precipitation was found to have a quadratic effect on female survival, with survival being highest during years of average precipitation. Cumulative winter precipitation was positively correlated with population growth and recruitment rates, although this covariate only explained a small amount of annual variation in these rates and there was considerable uncertainty among the models tested. Our results provide evidence for an alpine-endemic population that has not experienced extirpation or drastic declines. However, more information is needed to understand risks and vulnerabilities of warming effects on juveniles as our analysis was confined to determination of vital rates for breeding-age birds. C1 [Wann, Gregory T.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Braun, Clait E.] Grouse Inc, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. RP Wann, GT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM greg.wann@colostate.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey and Grouse Inc.; Colorado State University; Rocky Mountain Nature Association's Bailey Fellowship FX Long-term research studies require sustained financial and administrative support. We thank Glenn E. Rogers and Wayne W. Sandfort of the then Colorado Division of Game, Fish and Parks (now Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife) for administrative and financial support over long periods. Support from the National Science Foundation was instrumental during two important periods. We also thank the U.S. Geological Survey and Grouse Inc. for financial support for portions of this project. Several graduate students and field technicians participated in data collection at times as did Kathy Martin as an invited researcher during a portion of this project's tenure. Graduate support for GTW was provided by the Research and Scholarly Excellence Fellowship through Colorado State University and the Rocky Mountain Nature Association's Bailey Fellowship. Mike Monahan and the University of Denver provided logistical support for many years of the project. Larissa Bailey and Paul Doherty provided valuable suggestions using Program MARK. Weather data were provided by the National Science Foundation supported Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station. The content of this manuscript was greatly improved by suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 56 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 56 IS 4 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s10144-014-0452-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP9WZ UT WOS:000342433500001 ER PT J AU Baker, BH Martinovic-Weigelt, D Ferrey, M Barber, LB Writer, JH Rosenberry, DO Kiesling, RL Lundy, JR Schoenfuss, HL AF Baker, Beth H. Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma Ferrey, Mark Barber, Larry B. Writer, Jeffery H. Rosenberry, Donald O. Kiesling, Richard L. Lundy, James R. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Identifying Non-point Sources of Endocrine Active Compounds and Their Biological Impacts in Freshwater Lakes SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; FATHEAD MINNOWS; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; SITE FIDELITY; IN-VITRO; FISH AB Contaminants of emerging concern, particularly endocrine active compounds (EACs), have been identified as a threat to aquatic wildlife. However, little is known about the impact of EACs on lakes through groundwater from onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS). This study aims to identify specific contributions of OWTS to Sullivan Lake, Minnesota, USA. Lake hydrology, water chemistry, caged bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), and larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposures were used to assess whether EACs entered the lake through OWTS inflow and the resultant biological impact on fish. Study areas included two OWTS-influenced near-shore sites with native bluegill spawning habitats and two in-lake control sites without nearby EAC sources. Caged bluegill sunfish were analyzed for plasma vitellogenin concentrations, organosomatic indices, and histological pathologies. Surface and porewater was collected from each site and analyzed for EACs. Porewater was also collected for laboratory exposure of larval fathead minnow, before analysis of predator escape performance and gene expression profiles. Chemical analysis showed EACs present at low concentrations at each study site, whereas discrete variations were reported between sites and between summer and fall samplings. Body condition index and liver vacuolization of sunfish were found to differ among study sites as did gene expression in exposed larval fathead minnows. Interestingly, biological exposure data and water chemistry did not match. Therefore, although results highlight the potential impacts of seepage from OWTS, further investigation of mixture effects and life history factor as well as chemical fate is warranted. C1 [Baker, Beth H.; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Baker, Beth H.] Mississippi State Univ, Water Qual Lab, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma] Univ St Thomas, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Ferrey, Mark] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Barber, Larry B.; Writer, Jeffery H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kiesling, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Lundy, James R.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. RP Baker, BH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Water Qual Lab, Thompson Hall 253, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM bpoganski@cfr.msstate.edu OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166; Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU State of Minnesota; St. Cloud State University Denise M. McGuire student research award FX We are grateful to homeowners along the shore of Sullivan Lake who provided us with access to near-shore environments and information about onsite OWT systems. Students at St. Cloud State University and the University of St. Thomas assisted in sampling events. This study was supported by funding from the State of Minnesota and a St. Cloud State University Denise M. McGuire student research award to B. H. B. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 67 IS 3 BP 374 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s00244-014-0052-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AP1JV UT WOS:000341826300006 PM 24974177 ER PT J AU O'Leary, SJ Dunton, KJ King, TL Frisk, MG Chapman, DD AF O'Leary, Shannon J. Dunton, Keith J. King, Tim L. Frisk, Michael G. Chapman, Demian D. TI Genetic diversity and effective size of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhinchus oxyrhinchus river spawning populations estimated from the microsatellite genotypes of marine-captured juveniles SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bottleneck; Effective population size; Mixed-stock analysis; Individual-based assignment; Microsatellites ID OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATION; NORTH-AMERICA; HUDSON RIVER; NEW-YORK; CONSERVATION; BOTTLENECK AB Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhinchus oxyrhinchus) forming aggregations at coastal sites in the mid-Atlantic Bight were subjected to a mixed stock analysis (MSA) and individual-based assignment using twelve microsatellite loci. We confirmed earlier findings from an analysis of mitochondrial DNA that three river spawning populations (Hudson, James and Delaware Rivers) are the primary sources of these particular marine aggregations. Of the 460 individuals sampled 322, 36 and 47 were assigned to the Hudson, James and Delaware Rivers, respectively. MSA estimated that the New York Bight Distinct Population Segment (Hudson River and Delaware River) contributed 83-90 % of individuals to the marine aggregations and the Chesapeake (James River) and Southeast Distinct Population Segments contributed 5.5-11 %. Mean M-ratios were lower than expected at equilibrium in all three rivers (Delaware = 0.726, Hudson = 0.748, James = 0.664), indicative of genetic bottlenecks affecting all three spawning populations. Further, there were low but detectable levels of inbreeding in all three rivers populations. Effective population size (Ne) was estimated for three populations: Hudson River (172-230 individuals), James River (40-100 individuals) and Delaware River (75-186 individuals). Despite these issues, simulations based on life-history information and the Ne estimates suggest that if ongoing management measures are effective, contemporary levels of population genetic diversity are likely to be retained over the next century. C1 [O'Leary, Shannon J.; Dunton, Keith J.; Frisk, Michael G.; Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11733 USA. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11733 USA. RP O'Leary, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11733 USA. EM soleary@towson.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Protected Resources Proactive Species Grants Program (NOAA) [NA10NMF4720039]; US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant through the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC); Hudson River Foundation [55359] FX Funding for this study was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Protected Resources Proactive Species Grants Program (NOAA Award NA10NMF4720039), US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant through the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC). K. Dunton was also funded under the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program (award 55359). We thank project collaborators Kim McKown of the NYDEC and Adrian Jordaan of the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Additionally, we thank M. Wiggins, S. Cluett, and rest of R. V. Seawolf for assistance in collection of samples and graduate students Chris Martinez and Josh Zacharias for assistance in the field. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0609-9 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AP6GD UT WOS:000342174700015 ER PT J AU Lounsberry, ZT Almeida, JB Lanctot, RB Liebezeit, JR Sandercock, BK Strum, KM Zack, S Wisely, SM AF Lounsberry, Zachary T. Almeida, Juliana B. Lanctot, Richard B. Liebezeit, Joseph R. Sandercock, Brett K. Strum, Khara M. Zack, Steve Wisely, Samantha M. TI Museum collections reveal that Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Calidris subruficollis) maintained mtDNA variability despite large population declines during the past 135 years SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Effective population size; Historic DNA; mtDNA; Shorebird; Wader ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; ANCIENT DNA; TRYNGITES-SUBRUFICOLLIS; MIGRATORY SHOREBIRDS; CONTROL REGION; COASTAL-PLAIN; EXTINCTION; SOFTWARE; CONSERVATION; BOTTLENECK AB A principal goal of conservation efforts for threatened and endangered taxa is maintenance of genetic diversity. Modern and historic processes that limit population size can contribute to a loss of genetic variation that can reduce future adaptability of a species. Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Calidris subruficollis) are a Neotropical migratory shorebird that experienced rapid, large-scale declines in population numbers (population bottleneck) due to intensive market hunting at the turn of the 20th century. Market hunting ended shortly after the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, but subsequent population losses have occurred due to continued anthropogenic disturbances throughout the species' migratory range. To assess the impact of population declines on the genetic variation of Buff-breasted Sandpipers, we surveyed two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, the control region and cytochrome b, from 209 museum specimens collected between 1874 and 1983 and 460 modern samples collected between 1993 and 2009. Measures of mtDNA variation did not change significantly among individuals sampled before and after the ban on market hunting, nor among four temporal groups (Pre-Act, Early Post-Act, Late Post-Act, and Modern; trend analysis: chi (2) = 0.171, P = 0.679). Similarly, we did not observe loss of common haplotypes, implying that there was no substantial reduction in unique matrilineal units during our 135-year study period. Using Bayesian Skyline reconstruction of temporal changes in effective population size of females (N (ef)), we concluded that N (ef) has been stable for the past century. Results of resampling suggest that diversity estimators can be imprecise and we emphasize the importance of a well-rounded analytical approach to addressing conservation genetic hypotheses. Considering all of the evidence it appears that genetic variation and N (ef) were stable despite the pressures of market hunting early in the 20th century and habitat loss and degradation in the latter half of the 20th century. Conservation efforts should continue to focus on maintaining the population size of Buff-breasted Sandpipers to avoid reaching a threshold where genetic variability is lost. C1 [Lounsberry, Zachary T.; Sandercock, Brett K.; Strum, Khara M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Almeida, Juliana B.] Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program MS 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Liebezeit, Joseph R.; Zack, Steve] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific West Off, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Wisely, Samantha M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wisely@ufl.edu RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the following people for their assistance with museum sampling efforts: B. K. Schmidt, Smithsonian Institution; C. Cicero, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at University of California; J. Hinshaw, Museum of Zoology at University of Michigan; J. Trimble, Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University; D. Easterla, Northwest Missouri State University; T. Yuri, Sam Noble Museum of Natural History at University of Oklahoma; J. L. Woods, Museum of Natural History at University of Delaware; T. Labedz, University of Nebraska and M. Robbins, Natural History Museum at University of Kansas. For modern samples, we thank the field crews and project leaders that helped with the major sampling efforts, specifically A. Leist, S. Kendall, C. T. Bernardo, G. S. Leal, M. S. Pereira, A. F. Pinto, F. Poershke, U. B. Rasquin and H. A. Swensen; the ranch owners who allowed us access to their pastures, especially Sr. Dagoberto, Sr. Jorge, R. Bender and the "Manduca" Machado family; H. A. Almeida, C. S. Fontana as well as managers and staff of Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe and Estacao Ecologica do Taim for logistic support; B. Streever at BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. for assisting with field logistics at the Prudhoe Bay site; and S. Fellows and S. Jones from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for pursuing this study. H. Barton provided assistance with phylogeographic analyses, and colleagues in the Conservation Genetics and Molecular Ecology Lab at Kansas State University provided helpful feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This project was funded by a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Regions 6 & 7). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1208 DI 10.1007/s10592-014-0611-2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AP6GD UT WOS:000342174700017 ER PT J AU Karouna-Renier, NK White, C Perkins, CR Schmerfeld, JJ Yates, D AF Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. White, Carl Perkins, Christopher R. Schmerfeld, John J. Yates, David TI Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected near a mercury-contaminated river SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; DNA damage; Wildlife; Biomarkers; Little brown bats; Myotis lucifugus ID ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; COMET ASSAY; EXPOSURE; MECHANISMS; SELENIUM; REPAIR; FOOD AB Historical discharges of Hg into the South River near the town of Waynesboro, VA, USA, have resulted in persistently elevated Hg concentrations in sediment, surface water, ground water, soil, and wildlife downstream of the discharge site. In the present study, we examined mercury (Hg) levels in in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from this location and assessed the utility of a non-destructively collected tissue sample (wing punch) for determining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in Hg exposed bats. Bats captured 1 and 3 km from the South River, exhibited significantly higher levels of total Hg (THg) in blood and fur than those from the reference location. We compared levels of mtDNA damage using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of two distinct regions of mtDNA. Genotoxicity is among the many known toxic effects of Hg, resulting from direct interactions with DNA or from oxidative damage. Because it lacks many of the protective protein structures and repair mechanisms associated with nuclear DNA, mtDNA is more sensitive to the effects of genotoxic chemicals and therefore may be a useful biomarker in chronically exposed organisms. Significantly higher levels of damage were observed in both regions of mtDNA in bats captured 3 km from the river than in controls. However, levels of mtDNA damage exhibited weak correlations with fur and blood THg levels, suggesting that other factors may play a role in the site-specific differences. C1 [Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.; White, Carl] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Perkins, Christopher R.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Schmerfeld, John J.] USFWS, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Yates, David] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. RP Karouna-Renier, NK (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nkarouna@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; DuPont (TM); South River Science Team; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding and support for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, DuPont (TM), the South River Science Team, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We would like to thank the many biologists that helped obtain samples for this study, Tim Divoll, Lucas Savoy, Dustin Meatty, Pedro Ardapple, Casey Huck, Patrick Keenan, Rick Reynolds (VADGF) and all the field technicians who put in countless hours. We also thank Catherine Maddox and Kelly Hallinger for their assistance in the laboratory. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1419 EP 1429 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1284-9 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AP6TN UT WOS:000342210700006 PM 25048962 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Strom, SM Patnode, KA Franson, JC AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Strom, Sean M. Patnode, Kathleen A. Franson, J. Christian TI Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Historic changes; Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs; Sheboygan River; Tree swallows; Tachycineta bicolor ID CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; HUDSON RIVER; NEW-YORK; WISCONSIN; CONGENERS; SEDIMENTS; BIRDS; EGGS; DIET AB Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs on the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin in the 1990s was higher at sites downstream (geometric means = 3.33-8.69 mu g/g wet wt.) of the putative PCB source in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin than it was above the source (1.24 mu g/g) with the exposure declining as the distance downstream of the source increased. A similar pattern of declining exposure was present in the 2010s as well. Although exposure to PCBs in eggs along the Sheboygan River at sites downstream of Sheboygan Falls has declined by similar to 60 % since the mid-1990s (8.69 down to 3.27 mu g/g) there still seems to be residual pockets of contamination that are exposing some individuals (similar to 25 %) to PCB contamination, similar to exposure found in the 1990s. The exposure patterns in eggs and nestlings among sites, and the changes between the two decades, are further validated by accumulation rate information. C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Strom, Sean M.] WI Dept Nat Resources, Appleton, WI 54914 USA. [Patnode, Kathleen A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX The authors declare that we have no conflict of interest. Data were collected under current laws of the United States of America. The work in 2010-2012 was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1439 EP 1446 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1286-7 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AP6TN UT WOS:000342210700008 PM 25056798 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Maki, RP Knights, BC Gray, BR AF Larson, James H. Maki, Ryan P. Knights, Brent C. Gray, Brian R. TI Can mercury in fish be reduced by water level management? Evaluating the effects of water level fluctuation on mercury accumulation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Water level fluctuations; Fish; Water regulation ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS; LAKES; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; INCREASES AB Mercury (Hg) contamination of fisheries is a major concern for resource managers of many temperate lakes. Anthropogenic Hg contamination is largely derived from atmospheric deposition within a lake's watershed, but its incorporation into the food web is facilitated by bacterial activity in sediments. Temporal variation in Hg content of fish (young-of-year yellow perch) in the regulated lakes of the Rainy-Namakan complex (on the border of the United States and Canada) has been linked to water level (WL) fluctuations, presumably through variation in sediment inundation. As a result, Hg contamination of fish has been linked to international regulations of WL fluctuation. Here we assess the relationship between WL fluctuations and fish Hg content using a 10-year dataset covering six lakes. Within-year WL rise did not appear in strongly supported models of fish Hg, but year-to-year variation in maximum water levels (a dagger maxWL) was positively associated with fish Hg content. This WL effect varied in magnitude among lakes: In Crane Lake, a 1 m increase in a dagger maxWL from the previous year was associated with a 108 ng increase in fish Hg content (per gram wet weight), while the same WL change in Kabetogama was associated with only a 5 ng increase in fish Hg content. In half the lakes sampled here, effect sizes could not be distinguished from zero. Given the persistent and wide-ranging extent of Hg contamination and the large number of regulated waterways, future research is needed to identify the conditions in which WL fluctuations influence fish Hg content. C1 [Larson, James H.; Knights, Brent C.; Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Maki, Ryan P.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, Int Falls, MN USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1555 EP 1563 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1296-5 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AP6TN UT WOS:000342210700018 PM 25134675 ER PT J AU Cole, AJ Bettoli, PW AF Cole, A. J. Bettoli, P. W. TI Thermal ecology of subadult and adult muskellunge in a thermally enriched reservoir SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Esox masquinongy; temperature selection; thermal ecology; thermal niche ID ESOX-MASQUINONGY; JUVENILE MUSKELLUNGE; TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SURVIVAL; FISH; METABOLISM; BEHAVIOR AB The movement of adult muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill, has been investigated in a variety of systems, but temperature selection by muskellunge has not been examined where well-oxygenated waters were available over a range of temperatures for much of the year. Thirty subadult and adult muskellunge tagged internally with temperature-sensing radio tags were tracked from March 2010 to March 2011 in a Tennessee reservoir. Mean tag temperatures were 18.9 degrees C in spring (March to May), 22.1 degrees C in summer (June to August), 16.5 degrees C in autumn and 9.8 degrees C in winter (December to February). When the greatest range in water temperatures was available (7.1-33.3 degrees C; May to early August 2010), their realised thermal niche (mean +/- 1SD) was 22.3 degrees C +/- 1.8; the realised thermal niche was affected by fish size (smaller fish selected slightly warmer temperatures) but not sex. An electric generating steam plant discharging warm water resumed operation in January 2011, and most (86%) tagged fish occupied the plume where temperatures were approximate to 10 degrees C warmer than ambient water temperatures. No mortalities were observed 15days later when plant operations ceased. Their affinity for the heated plume prompted concerns that muskellunge will be too easily exploited when the plant operates during winter. C1 [Cole, A. J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bettoli, P. W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Cole, AJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 127 South 4th St, Barron, WI 54812 USA. EM aaron.cole@wisconsin.gov FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA); Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; U.S. Geological Survey; TWRA; Tennessee Technological University FX Funding and other support for this research were provided by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) and the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University. The Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, TWRA and Tennessee Technological University. We thank TWRA biologists J. Negus and M. Smith for their valuable contributions to this project. This manuscript benefitted from comments made on an earlier draft by B. Cook, D. Smith and M. Quist and several anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 BP 410 EP 420 DI 10.1111/fme.12093 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AP6SV UT WOS:000342208900007 ER PT J AU James, DA Fischer, JL Laube, JD Spindler, ME AF James, D. A. Fischer, J. L. Laube, J. D. Spindler, M. E. TI An accuracy assessment of ultrasonic transmitter locations determined by mobile telemetry in aquatic systems SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HABITAT USE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; ACOUSTIC TRACKING; MICROHABITAT USE; PALLID STURGEON; SOUTH-DAKOTA; HOME-RANGE; RIVER; SELECTION; ANIMALS C1 [James, D. A.; Fischer, J. L.; Laube, J. D.; Spindler, M. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM daniel_james@fws.gov OI Fischer, Jason/0000-0001-7226-6500 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1111/fme.12089 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AP6SV UT WOS:000342208900008 ER PT J AU Lamb, AP van Wijk, K Liberty, LM Mikesell, TD AF Lamb, Andrew P. van Wijk, Kasper Liberty, Lee M. Mikesell, T. Dylan TI The spatial cross-correlation method for dispersive surface waves SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; Hydrothermal systems; Surface waves and free oscillations; North America ID SPECTRAL-ELEMENT METHOD; AMBIENT NOISE; PROPAGATION; 2D AB Dispersive surface waves are routinely used to estimate the subsurface shear-wave velocity distribution, at all length scales. In the well-known Spatial Autocorrelation method, dispersion information is gained from the correlation of seismic noise signals recorded on the vertical (or radial) components. We demonstrate practical advantages of including the cross-correlation between radial and vertical components of the wavefield in a spatial cross-correlation method. The addition of cross-correlation information increases the resolution and robustness of the phase velocity dispersion information, as demonstrated in numerical simulations and a near-surface field study with active seismic sources, where our method confirms the presence of a fault-zone conduit in a geothermal field. C1 [Lamb, Andrew P.; Liberty, Lee M.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [van Wijk, Kasper] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. [Mikesell, T. Dylan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Lamb, AP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM andylamb@fastmail.fm FU Department of Energy [G018195]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1142154]; NSF FX All data used in this study are freely available upon request from the authors. Funding for this research was provided by the Department of Energy award G018195 and the National Science Foundation award EAR-1142154. Additional funding for the vibroseis was provided by the NSF. We would like to thank the local community and land owners for giving us access to their properties. We also thank Chaffee County, the SEG Foundation, ION Geophysical, field camp students and other local stakeholders for their support. The seismic and gravity data were acquired from 2008 to 2010 as part of the geophysical field camp attended by students from the Colorado School of Mines, Boise State University and Imperial College London. Other individuals who contributed to this work include Mike Batzle, Thomas Blum, Justin Ball, Seth Haines, Andre Revil, Kyle Richards and Fred Henderson. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 199 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu237 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP6VH UT WOS:000342215600001 ER PT J AU Zang, AN Oye, V Jousset, P Deichmann, N Gritto, R McGarr, A Majer, E Bruhn, D AF Zang, Arno Oye, Volker Jousset, Philippe Deichmann, Nicholas Gritto, Roland McGarr, Art Majer, Ernest Bruhn, David TI Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs - An overview SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE Fluid-induced seismicity; Key reservoir parameters; Enhanced geothermal systems; Larger magnitude events; Maximum observed magnitude; Crustal stress ID SOULTZ-SOUS-FORETS; INJECTION-INDUCED SEISMICITY; DEEP DRILLING SITE; NORTH GERMAN BASIN; 9 KM DEPTH; FLUID-INJECTION; INDUCED EARTHQUAKES; STIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; INDUCED MICROSEISMICITY; DENVER EARTHQUAKES AB In this overview we report results of analysing induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs in various tectonic settings within the framework of the European Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs (GEISER) project. In the reconnaissance phase of afield, the subsurface fault mapping, in situ stress and the seismic network are of primary interest in order to help assess the geothermal resource. The hypocentres of the observed seismic events (seismic cloud) are dependent on the design of the installed network, the used velocity model and the applied location technique. During the stimulation phase, the attention is turned to reservoir hydraulics (e.g., fluid pressure, injection volume) and its relation to larger magnitude seismic events, their source characteristics and occurrence in space and time. A change in isotropic components of the full waveform moment tensor is observed for events close to the injection well (tensile character) as compared to events further away from the injection well (shear character). Tensile events coincide with high Gutenberg-Richter b-values and low Brune stress drop values. The stress regime in the reservoir controls the direction of the fracture growth at depth, as indicated by the extent of the seismic cloud detected. Stress magnitudes are important in multiple stimulation of wells, where little or no seismicity is observed until the previous maximum stress level is exceeded (Kaiser Effect). Prior to drilling, obtaining a 3D P-wave (Vp) and S-wave velocity (Vs) model down to reservoir depth is recommended. In the stimulation phase, we recommend to monitor and to locate seismicity with high precision (decametre) in real-time and to perform local 4D tomography for velocity ratio (Vp/Vs). During exploitation, one should use observed and model induced seismicity to forward estimate seismic hazard so that field operators are in a position to adjust well hydraulics (rate and volume of the fluid injected) when induced events start to occur far away from the boundary of the seismic cloud. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zang, Arno] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Sect Seism Hazard & Stress Field 2 6, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Oye, Volker] NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Jousset, Philippe; Bruhn, David] GFZ, Int Ctr Geothermal Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Deichmann, Nicholas] ETH, Swiss Seismol Serv, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gritto, Roland] Array Informat Technol, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [McGarr, Art] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Majer, Ernest] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zang, AN (reprint author), German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Sect Seism Hazard & Stress Field 2 6, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM zang@gfz-potsdam.de FU European Union [241321-2] FX This work was supported by the European Union funded project GEISER (Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs, Grant no.: 241321-2). We acknowledge the permission of Stefan Baisch (Q-con Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Bad Bergzabern, Germany) to use field data from the Basel SERIANEX study. We thank Corinne Bachmann and Julie Albaric for providing one figure from Basel and Paralana site stimulation, respectively. NR 142 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 EI 1879-3576 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 SI SI BP 6 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.06.005 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA AO9LN UT WOS:000341677300002 ER PT J AU Creed, IF Spargo, AT Jones, JA Buttle, JM Adams, MB Beall, FD Booth, EG Campbell, JL Clow, D Elder, K Green, MB Grimm, NB Miniat, C Ramlal, P Saha, A Sebestyen, S Spittlehouse, D Sterling, S Williams, MW Winkler, R Yao, HX AF Creed, Irena F. Spargo, Adam T. Jones, Julia A. Buttle, Jim M. Adams, Mary B. Beall, Fred D. Booth, Eric G. Campbell, John L. Clow, Dave Elder, Kelly Green, Mark B. Grimm, Nancy B. Miniat, Chelcy Ramlal, Patricia Saha, Amartya Sebestyen, Stephen Spittlehouse, Dave Sterling, Shannon Williams, Mark W. Winkler, Rita Yao, Huaxia TI Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Budyko curve; catchments; climate change; elasticity; evapotranspiration; forest; precipitation; resilience; water yield ID UNITED-STATES; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; RESILIENCE; CATCHMENT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; BALANCE; SEASONALITY; STREAMFLOW AB Climate warming is projected to affect forest water yields but the effects are expected to vary. We investigated how forest type and age affect water yield resilience to climate warming. To answer this question, we examined the variability in historical water yields at long-term experimental catchments across Canada and the United States over 5-year cool and warm periods. Using the theoretical framework of the Budyko curve, we calculated the effects of climate warming on the annual partitioning of precipitation (P) into evapotranspiration (ET) and water yield. Deviation (d) was defined as a catchment's change in actual ET divided by P [AET/P; evaporative index (EI)] coincident with a shift from a cool to a warm period - a positive d indicates an upward shift in EI and smaller than expected water yields, and a negative d indicates a downward shift in EI and larger than expected water yields. Elasticity was defined as the ratio of interannual variation in potential ET divided by P (PET/P; dryness index) to interannual variation in the EI - high elasticity indicates low d despite large range in drying index (i.e., resilient water yields), low elasticity indicates high d despite small range in drying index (i.e., nonresilient water yields). Although the data needed to fully evaluate ecosystems based on these metrics are limited, we were able to identify some characteristics of response among forest types. Alpine sites showed the greatest sensitivity to climate warming with any warming leading to increased water yields. Conifer forests included catchments with lowest elasticity and stable to larger water yields. Deciduous forests included catchments with intermediate elasticity and stable to smaller water yields. Mixed coniferous/deciduous forests included catchments with highest elasticity and stable water yields. Forest type appeared to influence the resilience of catchment water yields to climate warming, with conifer and deciduous catchments more susceptible to climate warming than the more diverse mixed forest catchments. C1 [Creed, Irena F.; Spargo, Adam T.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Jones, Julia A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Dept Geog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Buttle, Jim M.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Adams, Mary B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NRS, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Beall, Fred D.] Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Booth, Eric G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Clow, Dave] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, MS Denver Fed Ctr 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Green, Mark B.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Grimm, Nancy B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Miniat, Chelcy] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Ramlal, Patricia] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Saha, Amartya] Florida Int Univ, Global Water Sustainabil Program, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen] US Forest Serv, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Spittlehouse, Dave] BC Minist Forests, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. [Sterling, Shannon] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Winkler, Rita] BC Minist Forests, Kamloops, BC V2C 2T3, Canada. [Yao, Huaxia] Ontario Minist Environm, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada. RP Creed, IF (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM icreed@uwo.ca RI Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783; Green, Mark/0000-0002-7415-7209; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU University of Western Ontario International Research Award; NSERC Discovery Grant; Canadian Network of Aquatic Ecosystem Services NSERC Strategic Network Grant; US National Science Foundation; Long Term Ecological Research Network FX We thank the University of Western Ontario International Research Award, NSERC Discovery Grant, and Canadian Network of Aquatic Ecosystem Services NSERC Strategic Network Grant for grants to IFC; the Network of Centres of Excellence Sustainable Forest Management for support that led to the creation of the HELP database for Canadian catchments; and the Long Term Ecological Research Network, US Forest Service, and US Geological Survey for access to the databases for US catchments. We also thank the US National Science Foundation and Long Term Ecological Research Network for support of the workshops that led to this collaboration. We gratefully acknowledge Robin Pike for insights about Carnation and Jennifer Knoepp for insights about Coweeta. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 17 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 20 IS 10 BP 3191 EP 3208 DI 10.1111/gcb.12615 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP6DU UT WOS:000342168500016 PM 24757012 ER PT J AU Alvaro, JJ Benziane, F Thomas, R Walsh, GJ Yazidi, A AF Javier Alvaro, J. Benziane, Fouad Thomas, Robert Walsh, Gregory J. Yazidi, Abdelaziz TI Neoproterozoic-Cambrian stratigraphic framework of the Anti-Atlas and Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas), Morocco SO JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE West African Craton; Pan-African orogeny; Diamictite; Atlas Rift; Gondwana ID WEST-AFRICAN CRATON; U-PB BADDELEYITE; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK; CARBONATE PRODUCTIVITY; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; RIFT TRANSITION; GONDWANA MARGIN; BOUNDARY BEDS; MOUNTAINS AB In the last two decades, great progress has been made in the geochronological, chrono- and chemostratigraphic control of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian from the Anti-Atlas Ranges and the Ouzellagh promontory (High Atlas). As a result, the Neoproterozoic is lithostratigraphically subdivided into: (i) the Lkest-Taghdout Group (broadly interpreted at c. 800-690 Ma) representative of rift-to-passive margin conditions on the northern West African craton; (ii) the Iriri (c. 760-740 Ma), Bou Azzer (c. 762-697 Ma) and Saghro (c. 760?-610 Ma) groups, the overlying Anezi, Bou Salda, Dades and Tiddiline formations localized in fault-grabens, and the Ouarzazate Supergroup (c. 615-548 Ma), which form a succession of volcanosedimentary complexes recording the onset of the Pan-African orogeny and its aftermath; and (iii) the Taroudant (the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary lying in the Tifnout Member of the Adoudou Formation), Tata, Feijas Internes and Tabanite groups that have recorded development of the late Ediacaran-Cambrian Atlas Rift. Recent discussions of Moroccan strata to select new global GSSPs by the International Subcommissions on Ediacaran and Cambrian Stratigraphy have raised the stratigraphic interest in this region. A revised and updated stratigraphic framework is proposed here to assist the tasks of both subcommissions and to fuel future discussions focused on different geological aspects of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian time span. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Javier Alvaro, J.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Benziane, Fouad] Ecole Natl Ind Minerale, Dept Sci Terre, Rabat, Morocco. [Thomas, Robert; Yazidi, Abdelaziz] Council Geosci, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Walsh, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Alvaro, JJ (reprint author), CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Ctra Torrejon Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. EM alvarobjj@cab.inta-csic.es; fouadbenziane@yahoo.fr; bthomas@geoscience.org.za; gwalsh@usgs.gov; yazidiabdelaziz@yahoo.fr FU Spanish MINECO [CGL2010-19491]; "Ministere de l'Energie, des Mines, de l'Eau et de l'Environnment, Direction du Developpement Minier, Division du Patrimoine Geologique", Rabat, Morocco under the Plan National de Cartographie Geologique (PNCG) FX The authors thank the kind revision made by P. Eriksson (editor), two anonymous reviewers and John Repetski (USGS). Field work for this synthesis (JJA) was done under project CGL2010-19491 from Spanish MINECO and EU-FEDER. Research synthesized in Thomas et al. (2002, 2004) and Walsh et al. (2002, 2012) was supported by the "Ministere de l'Energie, des Mines, de l'Eau et de l'Environnment, Direction du Developpement Minier, Division du Patrimoine Geologique", Rabat, Morocco under the Plan National de Cartographie Geologique (PNCG). NR 151 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-343X EI 1879-1956 J9 J AFR EARTH SCI JI J. Afr. Earth Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 98 SI SI BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.026 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AP2LM UT WOS:000341903700004 ER PT J AU Kazyak, D Letcher, BH Zydlewski, J O'Donnell, MJ AF Kazyak, David Letcher, Benjamin H. Zydlewski, Joseph O'Donnell, Matthew J. TI Growth variability of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in coastal maine SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE brook charr; brook trout; individual growth; growth variation; PIT tags ID WATER TEMPERATURE; TROUT GROWTH; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; SIZE; POPULATION; RIVER; SURVIVAL; STREAMS AB Brook charr inhabit a wide variety of habitats and exhibit considerable growth variation within and among populations. We used biannual mark-recapture electrofishing surveys and PIT tags at two streams in coastal Maine to examine spatial and temporal variability in brook charr growth. We documented considerable stream-to-stream and year-to-year variation in the growth of coastal brook charr. Based on 2892 recaptures between 2006 and 2010, we developed a suite of linear mixed models to examine variation in individual growth rates at Stanley Brook as a function of environmental variables. We distilled physical habitat data from surveys in 2010 into principle components for entry into the growth model. Growth was related primarily to an interaction between season and body length, mean water temperature, and instream location. Growth rates were highest in the summer, and smaller individuals grew more rapidly than larger conspecifics in the same stream. Individuals using habitats closer to the head of tide grew faster than those in upstream locations. Physical habitat variation was not an important control of individual growth variation within Stanley Brook. We suggest local variability in growth rates should be considered when developing management strategies for coastal populations. C1 [Kazyak, David] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME USA. [Kazyak, David] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; O'Donnell, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. RP Kazyak, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM dkazyak@umces.edu NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 516 EP 526 DI 10.1111/eff.12105 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP1GH UT WOS:000341815400004 ER PT J AU Peterson, DP Rieman, BE Horan, DL Young, MK AF Peterson, Douglas P. Rieman, Bruce E. Horan, Dona L. Young, Michael K. TI Patch size but not short-term isolation influences occurrence of westslope cutthroat trout above human-made barriers SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Cutthroat trout; isolation; occurrence; patch size; persistence; habitat quality ID ISOLATED SALMONID POPULATIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; STREAM-DWELLING CHARR; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; BULL TROUT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROOK TROUT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HEADWATER STREAMS AB Habitat fragmentation in aquatic systems has led to widespread isolation of stream fishes. Metapopulation theory predicts that persistence is directly related to local patch size and its characteristics, but because these relationships tend to be taxon-specific, empirical data are important. We assembled 246 observations of occurrence of westslope cutthroat trout (WCT), a taxon of concern in the western U. S. and Canada, in stream networks isolated for up to 100 years (median 40 years) above human-made barriers, mostly culverts, at road crossings within U. S. National Forests. We used logistic regression to analyse how WCT occurrence varied with patch size, isolation time and stream-level covariates. Occurrence was positively related to stream length and habitat quality within the isolated stream network and negatively related to elevation and channel gradient. Unexpectedly, the probability of occurrence was not related to how long a habitat patch had been isolated. At the median elevation (1354 m) and channel gradient (14%), and where habitat quality was poor, WCT were likely to occur (probability >0.5) if an isolated stream network was at least 1.7 km. If habitat quality was high, about 0.2 km of habitat produced the same probability. Although there are important limitations, this analysis provides the first empirical estimate for how patch size and patch-level characteristics influence persistence of WCT in isolated stream networks. C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT USA. [Horan, Dona L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM doug_peterson@fws.gov FU U.S. Forest Service [06-IA-11221659-097]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Abernathy Fish Technology Center FX J. Gordon, S. Wenger and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. D. Peterson was supported by the U.S. Forest Service (Agreement 06-IA-11221659-097) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Abernathy Fish Technology Center. M. Enk, L. Hawdon, M. Davis, M. Jakober, B. Riggers, S. Gerdes, D. Downing, B. Roberts, J. Mickelson, J. Brammer, R. Brassfield, S. Barndt, B. Gardner, P. Van Eimeren, C. McKenna, P. Murphy, L. Walch, D. Mays, M. Fairchild, S. Dekome, R. Lindahl, C. Baconrind, E. Lider, S. Spaulding and S. Hendrickson of the U. S. Forest Service provided data on fish distributions and barrier installation dates. K. Nixon, Z. Betz, M. Novak, E. Kee, D. Schoen and D. Brewer helped with fieldwork. V. O'Byrne produced the map for Fig. 1. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or U. S. Forest Service. NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 556 EP 571 DI 10.1111/eff.12108 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP1GH UT WOS:000341815400007 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Mychek-Londer, JG Madenjian, CP AF Bunnell, David B. Mychek-Londer, Justin G. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Population-level effects of egg predation on a native planktivore in a large freshwater lake SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE recruitment; lake trout; ecosystem management; deepwater cisco; Great Lakes ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; COREGONUS-HOYI; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SCULPIN COMMUNITY; MYSIS-RELICTA; FOOD-WEB; MICHIGAN; RECRUITMENT AB Using a 37-year recruitment time series, we uncovered a field pattern revealing a strong, inverse relationship between bloater Coregonus hoyi recruitment success and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus biomass in Lake Michigan (United States), one of the largest freshwater lakes of the world. Given that slimy sculpins (and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are known egg predators that spatiotemporally overlap with incubating bloater eggs, we used recently published data on sculpin diets and daily ration to model annual bloater egg consumption by sculpins for the 1973-2010 year-classes. Although several strong year-classes were produced in the late 1980s when the proportion of eggs consumed by slimy sculpins was extremely low (i.e., <0.001) and several weak year-classes were produced when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was at its highest (i.e., >0.10-1.0), egg predation failed to explain why recruitment was weak for the 1995-2005 year-classes when the proportion consumed was also low (i.e., <0.02). We concluded that egg predation by slimy and deepwater sculpins could have limited bloater recruitment in some years, but that some undetermined factor was more important in many other years. Given that slimy sculpin densities are influenced by piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the restoration of which in Lake Michigan has lagged behind those in lakes Superior and Huron, our study highlights the importance of an ecosystem perspective when considering population dynamics of fishes. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Mychek-Londer, Justin G.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and their 'Re-establishment of Native Deepwater Fishes' theme area. This manuscript was improved by helpful comments from Andrew Muir, John Janssen and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Wendylee Stott for the genetic analyses of eggs found in the bloater diet. We thank Patty Armenio, Vincent Belill, Margret Chriscinske, Bruce Davis, Jim Diana, John French III, Greg Jacobs, Kevin Keeler, Melissa Kostich, Lynn Ogilvie, Mark Rogers, Wendylee Stott and Nicole Watson for their important technical and intellectual contributions. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1793 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 604 EP 614 DI 10.1111/eff.12112 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP1GH UT WOS:000341815400011 ER PT J AU Weigel, DE Connolly, PJ Powell, MS AF Weigel, Dana E. Connolly, Patrick J. Powell, Madison S. TI Fluvial rainbow trout contribute to the colonization of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a small stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Colonization; Parentage; Barrier removal; Fitness; Life history polymorphism ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; SALMONIDS; WILD; STRATEGIES; COLUMBIA; PARENTS; FITNESS; SYSTEM AB Life history polymorphisms provide ecological and genetic diversity important to the long term persistence of species responding to stochastic environments. Oncorhynchus mykiss have complex and overlapping life history strategies that are also sympatric with hatchery populations. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and parentage analysis were used to identify the life history, origin (hatchery or wild) and reproductive success of migratory rainbow/steelhead for two brood years after barriers were removed from a small stream. The fluvial rainbow trout provided a source of wild genotypes to the colonizing population boosting the number of successful spawners. Significantly more parr offspring were produced by anadromous parents than expected in brood year 2005, whereas significantly more parr offspring were produced by fluvial parents than expected in brood year 2006. Although hatchery steelhead were prevalent in the Methow Basin, they produced only 2 parr and no returning adults in Beaver Creek. On average, individual wild steelhead produced more parr offspring than the fluvial or hatchery groups. Yet, the offspring that returned as adult steelhead were from parents that produced few parr offspring, indicating that high production of parr offspring may not be related to greater returns of adult offspring. These data in combination with other studies of sympatric life histories of O. mykiss indicate that fluvial rainbow trout are important to the conservation and recovery of steelhead and should be included in the management and recovery efforts. C1 [Weigel, Dana E.] Snake River Area Off, Bur Reclamat, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Powell, Madison S.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Weigel, DE (reprint author), Snake River Area Off, Bur Reclamat, 220 5th St,Suite 105, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM danaw099@hotmail.com FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Funding and materials were provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. We are grateful to the local landowners, G. Ott and V. Stokes, who allowed access to sites on Beaver Creek. M. Newsom provided valuable scientific direction to the project. G. Knott and M. Notaro provided support with local coordination and permitting. K. Martens, B. Fisher, W. Tibbits and N. Glasser assisted in data collection and operation of the weir and tag readers. J. Faler conducted the genetic analysis. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All animal capture and care for this study was permitted under Endangered Species Act permits from the National Marine Fisheries Service (no. 1480), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (no. TE-043875) and Washington State collection permit (no. 05-61-4539A and 06-453). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2014 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1149 EP 1159 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0204-9 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO6XQ UT WOS:000341496600006 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, DD Walsh, HL Sperry, AJ Iwanowicz, LR Alvarez, DA Brightbill, RA Smith, G Foreman, WT Manning, R AF Blazer, V. S. Iwanowicz, D. D. Walsh, H. L. Sperry, A. J. Iwanowicz, L. R. Alvarez, D. A. Brightbill, R. A. Smith, G. Foreman, W. T. Manning, R. TI Reproductive health indicators of fishes from Pennsylvania watersheds: association with chemicals of emerging concern SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Smallmouth bass; White sucker; Testicular oocytes; Plasma vitellogenin; Reproductive endocrine disruption ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; BASS MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; SUCKER CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; WASTE-WATER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; WILD FISH; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; STEROID-HORMONES AB Fishes were collected at 16 sites within the three major river drainages (Delaware, Susquehanna, and Ohio) of Pennsylvania. Three species were evaluated for biomarkers of estrogenic/antiandrogenic exposure, including plasma vitellogenin and testicular oocytes in male fishes. Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, white sucker Catostomus commersonii, and redhorse sucker Moxostoma species were collected in the summer, a period of low flow and low reproductive activity. Smallmouth bass were the only species in which testicular oocytes were observed; however, measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin were found in male bass and white sucker. The percentage of male bass with testicular oocytes ranged from 10 to 100 %, with the highest prevalence and severity in bass collected in the Susquehanna drainage. The percentage of males with plasma vitellogenin ranged from 0 to 100 % in both bass and sucker. Biological findings were compared with chemical analyses of discrete water samples collected at the time of fish collections. Estrone concentrations correlated with testicular oocytes prevalence and severity and with the percentage of male bass with vitellogenin. No correlations were noted with the percentage of male sucker with vitellogenin and water chemical concentrations. The prevalence and severity of testicular oocytes in bass also correlated with the percent of agricultural land use in the watershed above a site. Two sites within the Susquehanna drainage and one in the Delaware were immediately downstream of wastewater treatment plants to compare results with upstream fish. The percentage of male bass with testicular oocytes was not consistently higher downstream; however, severity did tend to increase downstream. C1 [Blazer, V. S.; Iwanowicz, D. D.; Walsh, H. L.; Sperry, A. J.; Iwanowicz, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Alvarez, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Brightbill, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Smith, G.] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17106 USA. [Foreman, W. T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Manning, R.] Penn Dept Environm Protect, Harrisburg, PA 17105 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; US Geological Survey FX We thank the numerous Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and Department of Environmental Protection biologists, as well as personnel from the USGS Pennsylvania Water Center for the assistance in fish collections. We appreciate the excellent laboratory technical assistance of Kathy Spring and Darlene Bowling. This research was funded by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and the US Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems and Fisheries programs. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 90 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 186 IS 10 BP 6471 EP 6491 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3868-5 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6YC UT WOS:000341497800037 PM 24934131 ER PT J AU Waythomas, CF Haney, MM Fee, D Schneider, DJ Wech, A AF Waythomas, Christopher F. Haney, Matthew M. Fee, David Schneider, David J. Wech, Aaron TI The 2013 eruption of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska: a spatter eruption at an ice-and snow-clad volcano SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyroclastic avalanches; Spatter eruption; Seismic; Lahars; Eruption-snow-ice interactions ID PYROCLASTIC AVALANCHES; LAVA FLOWS; NGAURUHOE; DOME AB The 2013 eruption of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska began on 13 May and ended 49 days later on 1 July. The eruption was characterized by persistent lava fountaining from a vent just north of the summit, intermittent strombolian explosions, and ash, gas, and aerosol plumes that reached as high as 8 km above sea level and on several occasions extended as much as 500 km downwind of the volcano. During the first several days of the eruption, accumulations of spatter near the vent periodically collapsed to form small pyroclastic avalanches that eroded and melted snow and ice to form lahars on the lower north flank of the volcano. Continued lava fountaining led to the production of clastogenic lava flows that extended to the base of the volcano, about 3-4 km beyond the vent. The generation of fountain-fed lava flows was a dominant process during the 2013 eruption; however, episodic collapse of spatter accumulations and formation of hot spatter-rich granular avalanches was a more efficient process for melting snow and ice and initiating lahars. The lahars and ash plumes generated during the eruption did not pose any serious hazards for the area. However, numerous local airline flights were cancelled or rerouted, and trace amounts of ash fall occurred at all of the local communities surrounding the volcano, including Cold Bay, Nelson Lagoon, Sand Point, and King Cove. C1 [Waythomas, Christopher F.; Haney, Matthew M.; Schneider, David J.; Wech, Aaron] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM chris@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 76 IS 10 AR 862 DI 10.1007/s00445-014-0862-2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO5EW UT WOS:000341367300003 ER PT J AU Stockdon, HF Thompson, DM Plant, NG Long, JW AF Stockdon, H. F. Thompson, D. M. Plant, N. G. Long, J. W. TI Evaluation of wave runup predictions from numerical and parametric models SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Runup; Swash; Setup; XBeach; Observations; Storms ID NATURAL BEACH; ENERGY SATURATION; BARRED BEACHES; SET-UP; SWASH; VALIDATION AB Wave runup during storms is a primary driver of coastal evolution, including shoreline and dune erosion and barrier island overwash. Runup and its components, setup and swash, can be predicted from a parameterized model that was developed by comparing runup observations to offshore wave height, wave period, and local beach slope. Because observations during extreme storms are often unavailable, a numerical model is used to simulate the storm-driven runup to compare to the parameterized model and then develop an approach to improve the accuracy of the parameterization. Numerically simulated and parameterized runup were compared to observations to evaluate model accuracies. The analysis demonstrated that setup was accurately predicted by both the parameterized model and numerical simulations. Infragravity swash heights were most accurately predicted by the parameterized model. The numerical model suffered from bias and gain errors that depended on whether a one-dimensional or two-dimensional spatial domain was used. Nonetheless, all of the predictions were significantly correlated to the observations, implying that the systematic errors can be corrected. The numerical simulations did not resolve the incident-band swash motions, as expected, and the parameterized model performed best at predicting incident-band swash heights. An assimilated prediction using a weighted average of the parameterized model and the numerical simulations resulted in a reduction in prediction error variance. Finally, the numerical simulations were extended to include storm conditions that have not been previously observed. These results indicated that the parameterized predictions of setup may need modification for extreme conditions; numerical simulations can be used to extend the validity of the parameterized predictions of infragravity swash; and numerical simulations systematically underpredict incident swash, which is relatively unimportant under extreme conditions. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stockdon, H. F.; Thompson, D. M.; Plant, N. G.; Long, J. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hstockdon@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 92 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.06.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AO6PV UT WOS:000341474900001 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine wetland fishes: Evaluating habitats and risk to coastal wildlife SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Fish; Wetland; Bioaccumulation; Bird; Estuary ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FORAGE FISH; FOOD WEBS; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; SPACE USE; SEDIMENTS; CONSERVATION; WATERBIRDS; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB Estuaries are globally important areas for methylmercury bioaccumulation because of high methylmercury production rates and use by fish and wildlife. We measured total mercury (THg) concentrations in ten fish species from 32 wetland and open bay sites in San Francisco Bay Estuary (2005-2008). Fish THg concentrations (mu g/g dry weight standard error) differed by up to 7.4x among estuary habitats. Concentrations were lowest in open bay (0.17 +/- 0.02) and tidal wetlands (0.42 +/- 0.02), and highest in managed seasonal saline wetlands (1.27 +/- 0.05) and decommissioned high salinity salt ponds (1.14 +/- 0.07). Mercury also differed among fishes, with Mississippi silversides (0.87 +/- 0.03) having the highest and longjaw mudsuckers (0.37 +/- 0.01) the lowest concentrations. Overall, 26% and 12% of fish exceeded toxicity benchmarks for fish (0.20 mu g/g wet weight) and piscivorous bird (0.30 mu g/g wet weight) health, respectively. Our results suggest that despite managed wetlands' limited abundance within estuaries, they may be disproportionately important habitats of Hg risk to coastal wildlife. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [114204N203]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program (Grant #ERP-02D-C12), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (grant # 114204N203) and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank R. Keister for sample processing and analysis; T. Adelsbach, S. Stoner-Duncan, J. Henderson, L. Stinson, C. Johnson, K. Aceituno and C. Marn for field assistance. Tom Maurer, Carol Atkins, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory graciously provided logistical support. We appreciate the comments and suggestions by Mark Ricca, James Willacker, and two anonymous reviewers for improvements to early versions of the manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 193 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OL UT WOS:000341471300019 PM 25019587 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Barber, LB Duris, JW Foreman, WT Furlong, ET Hubbard, LE Hutchinson, KJ Keefe, SH Kolpin, DW AF Bradley, Paul M. Barber, Larry B. Duris, Joseph W. Foreman, William T. Furlong, Edward T. Hubbard, Laura E. Hutchinson, Kasey J. Keefe, Steffanie H. Kolpin, Dana W. TI Riverbank filtration potential of pharmaceuticals in a wastewater-impacted stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Surface water; Pharmaceuticals; Wastewater contamination; Hydrologic transport; Bank filtration ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; BANK FILTRATION; SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; ANTHROPOGENIC MARKER; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; TREATMENT PLANTS; TERM EXPOSURE; FATE; EFFLUENT AB Pharmaceutical contamination of shallow groundwater is a substantial concern in effluent-dominated streams, due to high aqueous mobility, designed bioactivity, and effluent-driven hydraulic gradients. In October and December 2012, effluent contributed approximately 99% and 71%, respectively, to downstream flow in Fourmile Creek, Iowa, USA. Strong hydrologic connectivity was observed between surface-water and shallow-groundwater. Carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and immunologically-related compounds were detected in groundwater at greater than 0.02 mu g L-1 at distances up to 6 m from the stream bank. Direct aqueous-injection HPLC-MS/MS revealed 43% and 55% of 110 total pharmaceutical analytes in surface-water samples in October and December, respectively, with 16% and 6%, respectively, detected in groundwater approximately 20 m from the stream bank. The results demonstrate the importance of effluent discharge as a driver of local hydrologic conditions in an effluent-impacted stream and thus as a fundamental control on surface-water to groundwater transport of effluent-derived pharmaceutical contaminants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Bradley, Paul M.] USGS, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Barber, Larry B.; Keefe, Steffanie H.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Duris, Joseph W.] USGS, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Foreman, William T.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Hubbard, Laura E.] USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Hutchinson, Kasey J.; Kolpin, Dana W.] USGS, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), USGS, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov; lbbarber@usgs.gov; jwduris@usgs.gov; wforeman@usgs.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; lhubbard@usgs.gov; khutchin@usgs.gov; shkeefe@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU Toxic Substances Contaminant Hydrology Program Emerging Contaminants Project of the U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Health Mission Area FX The Toxic Substances Contaminant Hydrology Program Emerging Contaminants Project of the U.S. Geological Survey Environmental Health Mission Area supported this research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Ken Plager and the staff of the Ankeny WWTF for logistical support and access to the Fourmile Creek study area. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 193 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.028 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OL UT WOS:000341471300022 PM 25038376 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kolpin, DW Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kolpin, Dana W. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Clothianidin; Imidacloprid; Thiamethoxam; Seed treatments; Surface water ID PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES; WATER; BEES AB Neonicotinoid insecticides are of environmental concern, but little is known about their occurrence in surface water. An area of intense corn and soybean production in the Midwestern United States was chosen to study this issue because of the high agricultural use of neonicotinoids via both seed treatments and other forms of application. Water samples were collected from nine stream sites during the 2013 growing season. The results for the 79 water samples documented similar patterns among sites for both frequency of detection and concentration (maximum:median) with clothianidin (75%, 257 ng/L:8.2 ng/L) > thiamethoxam (47%, 185 ng/L:<2 ng/L) > imidacloprid (23%, 42.7 ng/L: <2 ng/L). Neonicotinoids were detected at all nine sites sampled even though the basin areas spanned four orders of magnitude. Temporal patterns in concentrations reveal pulses of neonicotinoids associated with rainfall events during crop planting, suggesting seed treatments as their likely source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; kkuivila@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX We would like to thank Kymm Barnes, Jim Caldwell, Jim Cerveny, Jesse Garrett, Joe Gorman, Lance Gruhn, Laura Hubbard, Steve Kalkhoff, Rich Kopish, Shannon Meppelink, and Matt Noon for collecting the samples for this study. Kasey Hutchinson compiled the basin landuse information. Kasey, along with Jim Orlando, assisted with the map generation. Megan McWayne and Corey Sanders helped with the sample processing in the laboratory. Robert Gilliom provided valuable comments to the manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 12 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 193 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO6OL UT WOS:000341471300024 PM 25042208 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Warden, A Dias, RF Lowry, ZK Hannah, TL Lillis, PG Kokaly, RF Hoefen, TM Swayze, GA Mills, CT Harris, SH Plumlee, GS AF Lewan, M. D. Warden, A. Dias, R. F. Lowry, Z. K. Hannah, T. L. Lillis, P. G. Kokaly, R. F. Hoefen, T. M. Swayze, G. A. Mills, C. T. Harris, S. H. Plumlee, G. S. TI Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Asphaltenes; Deepwater Horizon; Gulf of Mexico; Photo-oxidation; Evaporation; Dispersant; Biodegradation; Water washing ID CRUDE OILS; PETROLEUM; PHOTOOXIDATION AB The composition and content of asphaltenes in spilled and original wellhead oils from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident provide information on the amount of original oil lost and the processes most responsible for the losses within the first 80 days of the active spill. Spilled oils were collected from open waters, coastal waters and coastal sediments during the incident. Asphaltenes are the most refractory component of crude oils but their alteration in the spilled oils during weathering prevents them from being used directly as a conservative component to calculate original oil losses. The alteration is reflected by their increase in oxygen content and depletion in C-12. Reconnaissance experiments involving evaporation, photo-oxidation, microbial degradation, dissolution, dispersion and burning indicate that the combined effects of photo-oxidation and evaporation are responsible for these compositional changes. Based on measured losses and altered asphaltenes from these experiments, a mean of 61 +/- 3 vol% of the original oil was lost from the surface spilled oils during the incident. This mean percentage of original oil loss is considerably larger than previous estimates of evaporative losses based on only gas chromatography (GC) amenable hydrocarbons (32-50 vol%), and highlights the importance of using asphaltenes, as well as GC amenable parameters in evaluating original oil losses and the processes responsible for the losses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Lewan, M. D.; Warden, A.; Dias, R. F.; Lowry, Z. K.; Hannah, T. L.; Lillis, P. G.; Kokaly, R. F.; Hoefen, T. M.; Swayze, G. A.; Mills, C. T.; Harris, S. H.; Plumlee, G. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lewan, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlewan@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding Authority; USGS Energy Resources and Mineral Resources Programs FX We thank the U.S. Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for facilitating access to many of the sample sites. Logistical support for field work provided, in part, by Sarai Piazza and colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Restoration Assessment Branch of the National Wetlands Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana is also gratefully acknowledged. Appreciation is extended to Jeff McCoy (USGS) for securing and distributing aliquots (sample 1 and 16) of the original oil sample, and Bob Rosenbauer (USGS) for furnishing an original oil sample (sample 20) from the B&B Laboratory. Funding for the sample collection was provided by the U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding Authority. Funding for chemical analyses and interpretation was provided by the USGS Energy Resources and Mineral Resources Programs. Reviews by two anonymous reviewers and Justin Birdwell (USGS), as well as USGS editorial reviews by David Ferderer and Janet Slate helped improve content and clarity of the original manuscript. Results of this study were first presented in the Giant Oil Spills and Environmental Impact session (10j) of the 2011 Goldschmidt Conference in Prague, Czech Republic (August 18). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 75 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO4QM UT WOS:000341325800006 ER PT J AU Cardenas, CS Dieguez, MC Guevara, SR Marvin-DiPasquale, M Queimalinos, CP AF Soto Cardenas, Carolina Dieguez, Maria C. Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Queimalinos, Claudia P. TI Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: The role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Plankton; Size fractions; Hg2+ adsorption; Hg2+ internalization ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; TROPHIC TRANSFER; TRACE-METALS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTH PATAGONIA; SURFACE WATERS; ANDEAN LAKE; ACCUMULATION; METHYLMERCURY; ELEMENTS AB In lake food webs, pelagic basal organisms such as bacteria and phytoplankton incorporate mercury (Hg2+) from the dissolved phase and pass the adsorbed and internalized Hg to higher trophic levels. This experimental investigation addresses the incorporation of dissolved Hg2+ by four plankton fractions (picoplankton: 0.2-2.7 mu m; pico + nanoplankton: 02-20 mu m; microplankton: 20-50 mu m; and mesoplankton: 50-200 mu m) obtained from four Andean Patagonian lakes, using the radioisotope Hg-197(2+). Species composition and abundance were determined in each plankton fraction. In addition, morphometric parameters such as surface and biovolume were calculated using standard geometric models. The incorporation of Hg2+ in each plankton fraction was analyzed through three concentration factors: BCF (bioconcentration factor) as a function of cell or individual abundance, SCF (surface concentration factor) and VCF (volume concentration factor) as functions of individual exposed surface and biovolume, respectively. Overall, this investigation showed that through adsorption and internalization, pica + nanoplankton play a central role leading the incorporation of Hg2+ in pelagic food webs of Andean lakes. Larger planktonic organisms included in the micro- and mesoplankton fractions incorporate Hg2+ by surface adsorption, although at a lesser extent. Mixotrophic bacterivorous organisms dominate the different plankton fractions of the lakes connecting trophic levels through microbial loops (e.g., bacteria-nanoflagellates-crustaceans; bacteria-ciliates-crustaceans; endosymbiotic algae-ciliates). These bacterivorous organisms, which incorporate Hg from the dissolved phase and through their prey, appear to explain the high incorporation of Hg2+ observed in all the plankton fractions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Soto Cardenas, Carolina; Dieguez, Maria C.; Queimalinos, Claudia P.] UNComahue CONICET, INIBIOMA, Inst Invest Biodiversidad & Medioambiente, Lab Fotobiol, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio] CNEA, CAB, Lab Anal Activac Neutron, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cardenas, CS (reprint author), UNComahue CONICET, INIBIOMA, Inst Invest Biodiversidad & Medioambiente, Lab Fotobiol, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM sotocardenascaro@gmail.com OI Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio/0000-0001-7203-7687 FU Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas [CONICET PIP 11220100100064]; Agencia National de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [ANPCyT PICT 2007-393, PICT 2012-1200]; International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [ARG/7/007] FX This work was funded by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET PIP 11220100100064), Agencia National de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT PICT 2007-393 and PICT 2012-1200) and by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Project ARG/7/007. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Karen Riva Murray, Ph.D. Ecologist (U.S. Geological Survey) for her valuable comments on an early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Mariana Reissig for drawing the map of the study area from satellite images. We thank the San Carlos de Bariloche Town Council and the Administration of the Nahuel Huapi National Park (APN) for granting permission to sample the lakes within their jurisdictions. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 494 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO4VR UT WOS:000341340000008 ER PT J AU Drus, GM Dudley, TL D'Antonio, CM Even, TJ Brooks, ML Matchett, JR AF Drus, Gail M. Dudley, Tom L. D'Antonio, Carla M. Even, Thomas J. Brooks, Matt L. Matchett, J. R. TI Synergistic interactions between leaf beetle herbivory and fire enhance tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) mortality SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Diorhabda carinulata herbivory; Biological control; Tamarix spp. invasion; Prescribed burning; Synergism ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WOODY-PLANTS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TAMARICACEAE; MECHANISMS; ALLOCATION; RESPONSES; PATTERNS AB The combined effects of herbivory and fire on plant mortality were investigated using prescribed burns of tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima Lebed) exposed to herbivory by the saltcedar leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae: Diorhabda carinulata Desbrocher). Tamarix stands in the Humboldt Sink (NV, USA) were divided into three treatments: summer burn (August 2006), fall burn (October 2006) and control (unburned), and litter depth was manipulated to vary fire intensity within burn seasons. A gradient of existing herbivory impact was described with three plant condition metrics prior to fire: reduced proportions of green canopy, percent root crown starch sampled at the height of the growing season (August 2006), and percent root crown starch measured during dormancy (December 2006). August root crown starch concentration and proportion green canopy were strongly correlated, although the proportion green canopy predicted mortality better than August root crown starch. December root crown starch concentration was more depleted in unburned trees and in trees burned during the summer than in fall burn trees. Mortality in summer burned trees was higher than fall burned trees due to higher fire intensity, but December root crown starch available for resprouting in the spring was also lower in summer burned trees. The greatest mortality was observed in trees with the lowest December root crown starch concentration which were exposed to high fire intensity. Disproportionate changes in the slope and curvature of prediction traces as fire intensity and December starch reach reciprocal maximum and minimum levels indicate that beetle herbivory and fire intensity are synergistic. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Drus, Gail M.] St Francis Univ, Loretto, PA 15940 USA. [Dudley, Tom L.; D'Antonio, Carla M.; Even, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brooks, Matt L.; Matchett, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal Off, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Drus, GM (reprint author), St Francis Univ, 117 Evergreen Dr, Loretto, PA 15940 USA. EM GDrus@francis.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [ID 05-2-1-18]; Clark County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Program [ID 2005-UCSB-552]; Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship; UC Santa Barbara Graduate Division FX The authors acknowledge G. Munk, and Brinkerhoff Ranches for assisting in site selection and burn preparation, and K. Sneider USDA-ARS for providing lab space and field assistants. We thank J. TenBrinke, R. McNeil, and the members of the Silver State Hunt Club for assistance in the field. We thank the many people who provided constructive comments on this manuscript, especially B. Mahall and the members of the D'Antonio/Dudley lab. This work was supported in part by the Joint Fire Science Program grant ID 05-2-1-18, Clark County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Program grant ID 2005-UCSB-552, Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship, and the UC Santa Barbara Graduate Division. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2014 VL 77 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.04.010 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA AN7WD UT WOS:000340810800005 ER PT J AU Lu, D Ye, M Hill, MC Poeter, EP Curtis, GP AF Lu, Dan Ye, Ming Hill, Mary C. Poeter, Eileen P. Curtis, Gary P. TI A computer program for uncertainty analysis integrating regression and Bayesian methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Markov Chain Monte Carlo; UCODE_2014; Bayesian uncertainty analysis ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; TRANSPORT; MODEL; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; MCMC AB This work develops a new functionality in UCODE_2014 to evaluate Bayesian credible intervals using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The MCMC capability in UCODE_2014 is based on the FORTRAN version of the differential evolution adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm of Vrugt et al. (2009), which estimates the posterior probability density function of model parameters in high-dimensional and multimodal sampling problems. The UCODE MCMC capability provides eleven prior probability distributions and three ways to initialize the sampling process. It evaluates parametric and predictive uncertainties and it has parallel computing capability based on multiple chains to accelerate the sampling process. This paper tests and demonstrates the MCMC capability using a 10-dimensional multimodal mathematical function, a 100-dimensional Gaussian function, and a groundwater reactive transport model. The use of the MCMC capability is made straightforward and flexible by adopting the JUPITER API protocol. With the new MCMC capability, UCODE_2014 can be used to calculate three types of uncertainty intervals, which all can account for prior information: (1) linear confidence intervals which require linearity and Gaussian error assumptions and typically 10s-100s of highly parallelizable model runs after optimization, (2) nonlinear confidence intervals which require a smooth objective function surface and Gaussian observation error assumptions and typically 100s-1,000s of partially parallelizable model runs after optimization, and (3) MCMC Bayesian credible intervals which require few assumptions and commonly 10,000s-100,000s or more partially parallelizable model runs. Ready access allows users to select methods best suited to their work, and to compare methods in many circumstances. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lu, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Comp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Poeter, Eileen P.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Integrated Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lu, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lud1@ornl.gov RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008 FU NSF-EAR [0911074]; DOE-SBR [DE-SC0002687]; DOE Early Career Award [DE-SC0008272]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51328902] FX This work was supported in part by NSF-EAR grant 0911074, DOE-SBR grant DE-SC0002687, DOE Early Career Award, DE-SC0008272, and National Natural Science Foundation of China grants, 51328902. The authors thank John Doherty and Jasper Vrugt for providing the MICA and DREAM codes. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 60 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.002 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO3GX UT WOS:000341218800004 ER PT J AU Pausas, JG Keeley, JE AF Pausas, Juli G. Keeley, Jon E. TI Evolutionary ecology of resprouting and seeding in fire-prone ecosystems SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE fire ecology; iteroparity; monopyric; polypyric; resprouting; seeding; semeplarity; trait evolution ID LIFE-HISTORY TYPE; CHAPARRAL SPECIES RHAMNACEAE; PLANT PERSISTENCE TRAITS; WATER-STRESS TOLERANCE; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; FLOWERING PLANTS; WOODY-PLANTS; VEGETATIVE REGENERATION; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT AB There are two broad mechanisms by which plant populations persist under recurrent disturbances: resprouting from surviving tissues, and seedling recruitment. Species can have one of these mechanisms or both. However, a coherent framework explaining the differential evolutionary pressures driving these regeneration mechanisms is lacking. We propose a bottom-up approach in addressing this question that considers the relative survivorship of adults and juveniles in an evolutionary context, based on two assumptions. First, resprouting and seeding can be interpreted by analogy with annual versus perennial life histories; that is, if we consider disturbance cycles to be analogous to annual cycles, then resprouting species are analogous to the perennial life history with iteroparous reproduction, and obligate seeding species that survive disturbances solely through seed banks are analogous to the annual life history with semelparous reproduction. Secondly, changes in the selective regimes differentially modify the survival rates of adults and juveniles and thus the relative costs and benefits of resprouting versus seeding. Our approach provides a framework for understanding temporal and spatial variation in resprouting and seeding under crown-fire regimes. It accounts for patterns of coexistence and environmental changes that contribute to the evolution of seeding from resprouting ancestors. C1 [Pausas, Juli G.] CSIC, CIDE, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), CSIC, CIDE, Ctra Naquera Km 4-5 IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. EM juli.g.pausas@uv.es RI Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008 OI Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786 FU Spanish government [CGL2012-39938-C02-01] FX This work has been performed under the framework of the TREVOL projects (CGL2012-39938-C02-01) from the Spanish government. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE; Desertification Research Center) is a joint institute of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the University of Valencia and Generalitat Valenciana. We thank the anonymous referees and D. Ackerly for helpful comments. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 131 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 41 U2 157 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 204 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1111/nph.12921 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AO2YG UT WOS:000341193500008 PM 25298997 ER PT J AU Beck, MW Wilson, BN Vondracek, B Hatch, LK AF Beck, Marcus W. Wilson, Bruce N. Vondracek, Bruce Hatch, Lorin K. TI Application of neural networks to quantify the utility of indices of biotic integrity for biological monitoring SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Bootstrap; Index of Biotic Integrity; Lake; Metric; Neural network; Variable importance ID ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; WATER-RESOURCES; LAKES; STREAMS; VARIABLES; IBI; MINNESOTA; FRAMEWORK; MODELS; RIVERS AB Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) or multimetric indices have been developed as an approach for monitoring and evaluating biological condition of aquatic organisms. Quantitative evaluations of IBIs to determine whether they can explicitly link environmental condition with anthropogenic activities are needed to effectively use them in management. Analytical approaches using supervised neural networks are potentially powerful techniques to evaluate IBIs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of neural networks to identify ecosystem characteristics related to IBI response and to explicitly quantify relationships between variables using sensitivity analyses. An aquatic macrophyte-based IBI developed for Minnesota lakes was used as an example. The study was particularly interested in the usefulness of neural networks to highlight key predictors of IBI performance and to be used as a technique to evaluate multimetric index performance in other systems or regions. Neural networks made accurate predictions of overall IBI scores using an independent dataset, whereas predictive performance of the models varied for individual metrics. Bootstrap analyses to evaluate the effects of different training data on model performance indicated that predictions were highly sensitive to the training data. More conventional modeling techniques, such as multiple regression, performed similarly in predicting IBI scores, although diagnostic tools developed for neural networks provided novel insight into variables influencing IBI response. We suggest that neural networks have the ability to quantify ecological relationships that affect biotic integrity, but the statistical uncertainty associated with multimetric indices may limit the use of predictive models to infer causation. Accordingly, the statistical properties of multimetric indices should be carefully evaluated during index development, with specific attention given to the diagnostic capabilities of individual metrics. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Marcus W.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wilson, Bruce N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Bioprod Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hatch, Lorin K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Beck, MW (reprint author), USEPA NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM beckx266@umn.edu; wilson@umn.edu; bvondrac@umn.edu; Lorin.Hatch@hdrinc.com FU Minnesota Game and Fish Fund; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Outdoor Heritage Fund; MNDNR; Graduate School at the University of Minnesota FX Data were obtained from Minnesota Department of Natural Resources staff and volunteers in the Division of Fish and Wildlife, Division of Ecological and Water Resources, and the Shallow Lake Program. MNDNR funding for lake surveys was provided by the Minnesota Game and Fish Fund, the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund, and the Outdoor Heritage Fund, as recommended by the Lessard-Sams Outdoor Heritage Council. M. Beck was funded by MNDNR using Clean Water Legacy funds appropriated by the Minnesota Legislature and an Interdisciplinary Doctoral Fellowship provided by the Graduate School at the University of Minnesota. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.002 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZI UT WOS:000340312100022 ER PT J AU Villamagna, AM Mogollon, B Angermeier, PL AF Villamagna, Amy M. Mogollon, Beatriz Angermeier, Paul L. TI A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem service capacity; Ecosystem service demand; GIS; Landscape metrics; Sustainability ID VALUATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; DEMAND; SCALES AB Despite recent interest, ecosystem services are not yet fully incorporated into private and public decisions about natural resource management. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are among the most challenging of services to include because they comprise complex ecological and social properties and processes that make them difficult to measure, map or monetize. Like others, CES are vulnerable to landscape changes and unsustainable use. To date, the sustainability of services has not been adequately addressed and few studies have considered measures of service capacity and demand simultaneously. To facilitate sustainability assessments and management of CES, our study objectives were to (1) develop a spatially explicit framework for mapping the capacity of ecosystems to provide freshwater recreational fishing, an important cultural service, (2) map societal demand for freshwater recreational fishing based on license data and identify areas of potential overuse, and (3) demonstrate how maps of relative capacity and relative demand could be interfaced to estimate sustainability of a CES. We mapped freshwater recreational fishing capacity at the 12-digit hydrologic unit-scale in North Carolina and Virginia using a multi-indicator service framework incorporating biophysical and social landscape metrics and mapped demand based on fishing license data. Mapping of capacity revealed a gradual decrease in capacity eastward from the mountains to the coastal plain and that fishing demand was greatest in urban areas. When comparing standardized relative measures of capacity and demand for freshwater recreational fishing, we found that ranks of capacity exceeded ranks of demand in most hydrologic units, except in 17% of North Carolina and 5% of Virginia. Our GIS-based approach to view freshwater recreational fishing through an ecosystem service lens will enable scientists and managers to examine (1) biophysical and social factors that foster or diminish cultural ecosystem services delivery, (2) demand for cultural ecosystem services relative to their capacity, and (3) ecological pressures like potential overuse that affect service sustainability. Ultimately, we expect such analyses to inform decision-making for freshwater recreational fisheries and other cultural ecosystem services. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Villamagna, Amy M.; Mogollon, Beatriz] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Villamagna, AM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM amv@vt.edu; mogollon@vt.edu; biota@vt.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program [G09AC00405]; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program (award G09AC00405). We thank Y. Liang for his assistance geocoding the license data and the many participants of our Albemarle-Pamlico stakeholder team for valuable input throughout the development of this and related studies. We thank the following for providing state-level data and answering our questions: C. Houston, K. Ryan, C. Burkett, R. Barrett and R. Southwick from Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; W. Starnes and G. Hogue from North Carolina Science Museum Collection; C. McNutt and B. Tracy from North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources; and K. Dockendorf, K. Linehan, J. Rash and K. Hining from North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. We thank K. Linehan and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 15 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZI UT WOS:000340312100028 ER PT J AU Bridge, ES Kelly, JF Xiao, XM Takekawa, JY Hill, NJ Yamage, M Haque, EU Islam, MA Mundkur, T Yavuz, KE Leader, P Leung, CYH Smith, B Spragens, KA Vandegrift, KJ Hosseini, PR Saif, S Mohsanin, S Mikolon, A Islam, A George, A Sivananinthaperumal, B Daszak, P Newman, SH AF Bridge, Eli S. Kelly, Jeffrey F. Xiao, Xiangming Takekawa, John Y. Hill, Nichola J. Yamage, Mat Haque, Enam Ul Islam, Mohammad Anwarul Mundkur, Taej Yavuz, Kiraz Erciyas Leader, Paul Leung, Connie Y. H. Smith, Bena Spragens, Kyle A. Vandegrift, Kurt J. Hosseini, Parviez R. Saif, Samia Mohsanin, Samiul Mikolon, Andrea Islam, Ausrafal George, Acty Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran Daszak, Peter Newman, Scott H. TI Bird migration and avian influenza: A comparison of hydrogen stable isotopes and satellite tracking methods SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Geographical indicators; Connectivity; Disease modeling; Epidemiology; Disease vector; Waterfowl; Deuterium ID DOMESTIC DUCKS; H5N1 VIRUS; COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION; METEORIC PRECIPITATION; GENETIC-MARKERS; CENTRAL CHINA; FOOD MARKETS; WILD BIRDS; DELTA-D; WATERFOWL AB Satellite-based tracking of migratory waterfowl is an important tool for understanding the potential role of wild birds in the long-distance transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza. However, employing this technique on a continental scale is prohibitively expensive. This study explores the utility of stable isotope ratios in feathers in examining both the distances traveled by migratory birds and variation in migration behavior. We compared the satellite-derived movement data of 22 ducks from 8 species captured at wintering areas in Bangladesh, Turkey, and Hong Kong with deuterium ratios (delta D) in the feathers of these and other individuals captured at the same locations. We derived likely molting locations from the satellite tracking data and generated expected isotope ratios based on an interpolated map of delta D in rainwater. Although delta D was correlated with the distance between wintering and molting locations, surprisingly, measured delta D values were not correlated with either expected values or latitudes of molting sites. However, population-level parameters derived from the satellite-tracking data, such as mean distance between wintering and molting locations and variation in migration distance, were reflected by means and variation of the stable isotope values. Our findings call into question the relevance of the rainfall isotope map for Asia for linking feather isotopes to molting locations, and underscore the need for extensive ground truthing in the form of feather-based isoscapes. Nevertheless, stable isotopes from feathers could inform disease models by characterizing the degree to which regional breeding populations interact at common wintering locations. Feather isotopes also could aid in surveying wintering locations to determine where high-resolution tracking techniques (e.g. satellite tracking) could most effectively be employed. Moreover, intrinsic markers such as stable isotopes offer the only means of inferring movement information from birds that have died as a result of infection. In the absence of feather based-isoscapes, we recommend a combination of isotope analysis and satellite-tracking as the best means of generating aggregate movement data for informing disease models. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridge, Eli S.; Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Hill, Nichola J.; Spragens, Kyle A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Yamage, Mat] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh. [Haque, Enam Ul; Mohsanin, Samiul] Bangladesh Bird Club, Banani DOHS, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh. [Islam, Mohammad Anwarul] Univ Dhaka, Dept Zool, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Islam, Mohammad Anwarul; Saif, Samia; Mohsanin, Samiul] Wildlife Trust Bangladesh, Cosmos Ctr, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, NL-6717 LZ Ede, Netherlands. [Yavuz, Kiraz Erciyas] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Ornithol Res Ctr, TR-55139 Samsun, Turkey. [Leader, Paul] AEC Ltd, Commercial Ctr 127, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Leung, Connie Y. H.] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Influenza Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Smith, Bena] Mai Po Marshes Wildlife Educ Ctr & Nat Reserve, World Wide Fund Nat Hong Kong, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Vandegrift, Kurt J.; Hosseini, Parviez R.; Daszak, Peter] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Vandegrift, Kurt J.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vandegrift, Kurt J.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Mikolon, Andrea; Islam, Ausrafal] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [George, Acty] Corp Kochi, Vet Publ Hlth Ctr, Kaloor, Kerala, India. [Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400001, Maharashtra, India. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, I-00153 Rome, Italy. RP Bridge, ES (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, 111 E Chesapeake St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM ebridge@ou.edu RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015; OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990; Bridge, Eli/0000-0003-3453-2008 FU NIH/NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [3R01-TW005869]; International Influenza Funds from the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services; ARRA U.S. Postdoctoral Scientist Administrative Supplement FX Isotope analyses and manuscript generation was supported by an NIH/NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (3R01-TW005869) with an ARRA U.S. Postdoctoral Scientist Administrative Supplement. Field work was supported by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and Avian Influenza Program, and Erasmus University. The work was conducted in the context of Zoonotic Influenza Collaborative Network, led by the Fogarty International Center, and supported by International Influenza Funds from the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. Research on animals was conducted with the approval the Animal Care and Use Committees of the USGS Western Ecological Center, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Protocol EE070200710), and the University of Oklahoma (Animal Use Statement R09-019). We thank the following people and organizations for their aid in organizing and executing work at the various field sites: C. Ozsemir, S. Inak, N. Yavuz, N. Tubbs, J. Epstein, J. Desmond, P. Sathyiaselvam, J. Allcock, K. Leung, M. Peiris, S. Luby, Y. Bans, M. Leven, A. Mikolon, and the Bangladesh Bird Club. We also thank Eben Paxton, Susan Jones, and two anonymous scientists for their helpful reviews. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.027 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZI UT WOS:000340312100029 PM 25045322 ER PT J AU Bagstad, KJ Berik, G Gaddis, EJB AF Bagstad, Kenneth J. Berik, Guenseli Gaddis, Erica J. Brown TI Methodological developments in US state-level Genuine Progress Indicators: Toward GPI 2.0 SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Review DE Economic indicators; Economic well-being; Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI); Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW); Subnational; Sustainability indicators ID SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC WELFARE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTS; BENEFIT TRANSFER; INDEX; ISEW; AGENDA; COUNTY; TIME AB The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) has emerged as an important monetary measure of economic wellbeing. Unlike mainstream economic indicators, primarily Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the GPI accounts for both the benefits and costs of economic production across diverse economic, social, and environmental domains in a more comprehensive manner. Recently, the GPI has gained traction in subnational policy in the United States, with GPI studies being conducted in a number of states and with their formal adoption by several state governments. As the GPI is applied in different locations, new methods are developed, different data sources are available, and new issues of policy relevance are addressed using its component indicators. This has led to a divergence in methods, reducing comparability between studies and yielding results that are of varying methodological sophistication. In this study, we review the "state of the art" in recent US state-level GPI studies, focusing on those from Hawaii, Maryland, Ohio, Utah, and Vermont. Through adoption of a consistent approach, these and future GPI studies could utilize a framework that supports more uniform, comparable, and accurate measurements of progress. We also identify longer-term issues, particularly related to treatment of nonrenewable resource depletion, government spending, income inequality, and ecosystem services. As these issues are successfully addressed and disseminated, a "GPI 2.0" will emerge that better measures economic well-being and has greater accuracy and policy relevance than past GPI measurements. As the GPI expands further into mainstream policy analysis, a more formal process by which methods could be updated, standardized, and applied is needed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Berik, Guenseli] Univ Utah, Dept Econ, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gaddis, Erica J. Brown] Utah Dept Environm Qual, Div Water Qual, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Berik, G (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Econ, 260 South Cent Campus Dr,OSH 343, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM berik@economics.utah.edu NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.005 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZI UT WOS:000340312100052 ER PT J AU Karl, JW Gillan, JK Barger, NN Herrick, JE Duniway, MC AF Karl, Jason W. Gillan, Jeffrey K. Barger, Nichole N. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Duniway, Michael C. TI Interpretation of high-resolution imagery for detecting vegetation cover composition change after fuels reduction treatments in woodlands SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Image interpretation; Rangeland monitoring; Remote sensing; High-resolution; Land cover; Change detection ID SCALE AERIAL IMAGERY; RANGELAND VEGETATION; DIGITAL IMAGERY; PHOTOGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; ATTRIBUTES; MANAGEMENT; AGREEMENT; USA AB The use of very high resolution (VHR; ground sampling distances = 10 cm and <20 cm), moderately thick (>= 20 cm and <30 cm), and thick (>= 30 cm) OLT, composed 34, 20, 14, and 18% of the YRB, respectively; the average OLT was 19.4 cm. Total OLC was estimated to be 338 Pg. A regional chronosequence analysis over 30 years revealed that OLT and OLC increased with stand age COLT: R-2 = 0.68; OLC: R-2 = 0.66), where an average of 16 cm OLT and 5.3 kg/m(2) OLC were consumed by fires. Strong predictors of OLT included climate, topography, near-surface permafrost distributions, soil wetness, and spectral information. Our modeling approach enabled us to produce regional maps of OLT and OLC, which will be useful in understanding risks and feedbacks associated with fires and climate feedbacks.(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ji, Lei] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rigge, Matthew; Ji, Lei] InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Rose, Joshua R.] Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Johnson, Kristofer D.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Pastick, NJ (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM njpastick@usgs.gov OI Rigge, Matthew/0000-0003-4471-8009; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G08PC91508, G10PC00044]; Climate Effects Network Yukon River show Basin program FX Research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science (LandCarbon nation assessment) and Climate and Land Use Change Research and show Development Programs, and the Climate Effects Network Yukon River show Basin program. Work was performed under USGS contracts G08PC91508 and G10PC00044. We are indebted to Santosh Panda, for the use of his postdoctoral thesis field data. We thank the National Wildlife Refuges of Arctic, Koyukuk, Innoko, Yukon Delta, Yukon Flats, and Kanuti for providing logistic support, and field data. Much appreciation is given to Dana Nossov for her help with field data collection and our sincere thanks are extended to Nate Olson (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) - Wildlife Biologist/Pilot) and Mike Callahan (FWS Pilot) for safe air travel. The authors would also like to thank Mark Waldrop (USGS) and Rob Streigl (USGS) for the use of their vehicles. Finally, we thank Jack McFarland (USGS), Alexander McBratney (joint Editor-in-Chief), and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful review of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT PY 2014 VL 230 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.04.008 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AL0KX UT WOS:000338816900009 ER PT J AU Poo-Munoz, DA Escobar, LE Peterson, AT Astorga, F Organ, JF Medina-Vogel, G AF Poo-Munoz, Daniela A. Escobar, Luis E. Peterson, A. Townsend Astorga, Francisca Organ, John F. Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo TI Galictis cuja (Mammalia): An update of current knowledge and geographic distribution SO IHERINGIA SERIE ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity conservation; Mustelidae; Neotropics; distribution; ecological niche modeling ID CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; LESSER GRISON; ARGENTINEAN PATAGONIA; ATLANTIC FOREST; SOUTHERN CHILE; 1782 CARNIVORA; HABITAT USE; BRAZIL; MOLINA; DIET AB The lesser grison (Galictis cuja) is one of the least-known mustelids in the Neotropics, despite its broad range across South America. This study aimed to explore current knowledge of the distribution of the species to identify gaps in knowledge and anticipate its full geographic distribution. Eighty-nine articles have mentioned G. cuja since 1969, but only 13 focused on the species. We generated a detailed model of the species' potential distribution that validated previous maps, but with improved detail, supporting previous southernmost records, and providing a means of identifying priority sites for conservation and management of the species. C1 [Poo-Munoz, Daniela A.; Escobar, Luis E.; Astorga, Francisca; Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo] Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ecol & Recursos Nat, Santiago, Chile. [Escobar, Luis E.] SUNY Syracuse, Upstate Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Ctr Global Hlth & Translat Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Peterson, A. Townsend] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Organ, John F.] Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Medina-Vogel, G (reprint author), Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ecol & Recursos Nat, Av Republ 252, Santiago, Chile. EM dapoom@gmail.com; ecoguate2003@gmail.com; town@ku.edu; fran.astorga@gmail.com; john_organ@fws.gov; gmedina@unab.cl FU Universidad Andres Bello [DI-04-11/I, DI-49-11/R]; Fondo de Proteccion Ambiental [RMI-001-2012] FX Occurrence data were obtained from Administracion de Parques Nacionales, Argentina; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Argentina; American Museum of Natural History, USA; Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, USA; Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, USA; Michigan State University Museum, USA; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, USA; University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, USA; Yale University Peabody Museum, USA; and Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium. Universidad Andres Bello provided an Initiation Grant (DI-04-11/I) and a Regular Grant (DI-49-11/R); Ministerio del Medio Ambiente de Chile provided a grant from the Fondo de Proteccion Ambiental (RMI-001-2012). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU FUNDACAO ZOOBOTANICA RIO GRANDE SUL, MUSEU CIENCIAS NATURAIS PI PORTO ALEGRE PA CAIXA POSTAL 1188, PORTO ALEGRE, RS 00000, BRAZIL SN 0073-4721 EI 1678-4766 J9 IHERINGIA SER ZOOL JI Iheringia Ser. Zool. PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1590/167-476620141043341346 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT9IL UT WOS:000345241300010 ER PT J AU Greig, DJ Gulland, FMD Smith, WA Conrad, PA Field, CL Fleetwood, M Harvey, JT Ip, HS Jang, S Packham, A Wheeler, E Hall, AJ AF Greig, Denise J. Gulland, Frances M. D. Smith, Woutrina A. Conrad, Patricia A. Field, Cara L. Fleetwood, Michelle Harvey, James T. Ip, Hon S. Jang, Spencer Packham, Andrea Wheeler, Elizabeth Hall, Ailsa J. TI Surveillance for zoonotic and selected pathogens in harbor seals Phoca vitulina from central California SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; Leptospira; Influenza; Morbillivirus; Neospora; Sarcocystis; Toxoplasma; Vibrio ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OTTER ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; MARINE MAMMAL HEALTH; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DISTEMPER VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS AB The infection status of harbor seals Phoca vitulina in central California, USA, was evaluated through broad surveillance for pathogens in stranded and wild-caught animals from 2001 to 2008, with most samples collected in 2007 and 2008. Stranded animals from Mendocino County to San Luis Obispo County were sampled at a rehabilitation facility: The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC, n = 175); wild-caught animals were sampled at 2 locations: San Francisco Bay (SF, n = 78) and Tomales Bay (TB, n = 97), that differed in degree of urbanization. Low prevalences of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium were detected in the feces of stranded and wild-caught seals. Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli were more prevalent in the feces of stranded (58% [78 out of 135] and 76% [102 out of 135]) than wild-caught (42% [45 out of 106] and 66% [68 out of 106]) seals, whereas Vibrio spp. were 16 times more likely to be cultured from the feces of seals from SF than TB or TMMC (p < 0.005). Brucella DNA was detected in 3.4% of dead stranded harbor seals (2 out of 58). Type A influenza was isolated from feces of 1 out of 96 wild-caught seals. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and type A influenza was only detected in the wild-caught harbor seals (post-weaning age classes), whereas antibody titers to Leptospira spp. were detected in stranded and wild-caught seals. No stranded (n = 109) or wild-caught (n = 217) harbor seals had antibodies to phocine distemper virus, although a single low titer to canine distemper virus was detected. These results highlight the role of harbor seals as sentinel species for zoonotic and terrestrial pathogens in the marine environment. C1 [Greig, Denise J.; Hall, Ailsa J.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Gulland, Frances M. D.; Wheeler, Elizabeth] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Smith, Woutrina A.; Conrad, Patricia A.; Packham, Andrea] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Field, Cara L.] Myst Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Fleetwood, Michelle] Univ New Hampshire, New Hampshire Vet Diagnost Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Jang, Spencer] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, William R Pritchard Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Greig, DJ (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM denisejgreig@gmail.com FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; Valentine Family Foundation FX We thank Tracey Goldstein, Erika Lasik-Nesselquist, Melissa Miller, Ann Melli, Stori Oates and staff and volunteers at The Marine Mammal Center, especially Tenaya Norris, Charlotte Jones, Amber Makie, Michelle Blascow, and Carlos Rios for advice and assistance with sample collection and analysis. We thank The John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program and Valentine Family Foundation for funding for this project. We thank Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 2 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.3354/dao02762 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AQ7OI UT WOS:000343007500001 PM 25266897 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB Olack, GA Vennemann, TW AF Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Olack, Gerard A. Vennemann, Torsten W. TI Caution on the use of NBS 30 biotite for hydrogen-isotope measurements with on-line high-temperature conversion systems SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE HYDROGEN; SILICIC MAGMAS; CLAY-MINERALS; WATER; OXYGEN; ZINC; H-2; REDUCTION; ROCKS AB RATIONALE: The supply of NBS 30 biotite is nearly exhausted. During measurements of NBS 30 and potential replacements, reproducible delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values could not be obtained by three laboratories using high-temperature conversion (HTC) systems. The cause of this issue has been investigated using the silver-tube technique for hydrogen-isotope measurements of water. METHODS: The delta(HVSMOW)-H-2-SLAP values of NBS 30 biotite, other biotites, muscovites, and kaolinite with different particle sizes, along with IAEA-CH-7 polyethylene, and reference waters and NBS 22 oil that were sealed in silver-tube segments, were measured. The effect of absorbed water on mineral surfaces was investigated with waters both enriched and depleted in H-2. The quantitative conversion of hydrogen from biotite into gaseous hydrogen as a function of mass and particle size was also investigated. RESULTS: The delta(HVSMOW)-H-2-SLAP values of NBS 30 obtained by three laboratories were as much as 21 parts per thousand too high compared with the accepted value of -65.7 parts per thousand, determined by conventional off-line measurements. The experiments showed a strong correlation between grain size and the delta(HVSMOW)-H-2-SLAP value of NBS 30 biotite, but not of biotites with lower iron content. The delta(HVSMOW)-H-2-SLAP values of NBS 30 as a function of particle size show a clear trend toward -65.7 parts per thousand with finer grain size. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of the delta(HVSMOW)-H-2-SLAP values of hydrous minerals and of NBS 30 biotite by on-line HTC systems coupled to isotope-ratio mass spectrometers may be unreliable because hydrogen in this biotite may not be converted quantitatively into molecular hydrogen. Extreme caution in the use and interpretation of delta(HVSMOW)-H-2-SLAP on-line measurements of hydrous minerals is recommended. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Olack, Gerard A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vennemann, Torsten W.] Univ Lausanne, Inst Dynam Surface Terr, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; NSF - American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [0923831] FX We thank Harvey Belkin (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA) for analyzing samples by electron microprobe. This manuscript benefited from careful reviews by Arndt Schimmelmann (Indiana University, USA) and Justin Van DeVelde (Plymouth University, UK) and an anonymous reviewer. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this article possible. The University of Chicago equipment was supported in part by NSF award #0923831, funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1987 EP 1994 DI 10.1002/rcm.6983 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AN2YS UT WOS:000340452600005 PM 25132299 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Monteith, KL Jacques, CN Klaver, RW DePerno, CS Brinkman, TJ Monteith, KB Gilbert, SL Smith, JB Bleich, VC Swanson, CC Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Monteith, Kevin L. Jacques, Christopher N. Klaver, Robert W. DePerno, Christopher S. Brinkman, Todd J. Monteith, Kyle B. Gilbert, Sophie L. Smith, Joshua B. Bleich, Vernon C. Swanson, Christopher C. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Re-Evaluating Neonatal-Age Models for Ungulates: Does Model Choice Affect Survival Estimates? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; VAGINAL-IMPLANT TRANSMITTERS; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; CENTRAL MINNESOTA AB New-hoof growth is regarded as the most reliable metric for predicting age of newborn ungulates, but variation in estimated age among hoof-growth equations that have been developed may affect estimates of survival in staggered-entry models. We used known-age newborns to evaluate variation in age estimates among existing hoof-growth equations and to determine the consequences of that variation on survival estimates. During 2001-2009, we captured and radiocollared 174 newborn (<= 24-hrs old) ungulates: 76 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Minnesota and South Dakota, 61 mule deer (O. hemionus) in California, and 37 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in South Dakota. Estimated age of known-age newborns differed among hoof-growth models and varied by >15 days for white-tailed deer, >20 days for mule deer, and >10 days for pronghorn. Accuracy (i.e., the proportion of neonates assigned to the correct age) in aging newborns using published equations ranged from 0.0% to 39.4% in white-tailed deer, 0.0% to 3.3% in mule deer, and was 0.0% for pronghorns. Results of survival modeling indicated that variability in estimates of age-at-capture affected short-term estimates of survival (i.e., 30 days) for white-tailed deer and mule deer, and survival estimates over a longer time frame (i.e., 120 days) for mule deer. Conversely, survival estimates for pronghorn were not affected by estimates of age. Our analyses indicate that modeling survival in daily intervals is too fine a temporal scale when age-at-capture is unknown given the potential inaccuracies among equations used to estimate age of neonates. Instead, weekly survival intervals are more appropriate because most models accurately predicted ages within 1 week of the known age. Variation among results of neonatal-age models on short-and long-term estimates of survival for known-age young emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate hoof-growth equation and appropriately defining intervals (i.e., weekly versus daily) for estimating survival. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Monteith, Kyle B.; Smith, Joshua B.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jacques, Christopher N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA USA. [DePerno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources Fisheries Wild, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.; Gilbert, Sophie L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.; Gilbert, Sophie L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bleich, Vernon C.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program, Bishop, CA USA. [Swanson, Christopher C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm, ND USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid [W-75-R-145, 7530, 75103, 7510]; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Alaska Department of Fish and Game through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; California Department of Fish and Game Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program; South Dakota State University; Idaho State University; U.S. Forest Service; National Science Foundation; Bend of the River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Bluffland Whitetails Association; Cottonwood County Game and Fish League; Des Moines Valley Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc.; Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Minnesota State Archery Association I; North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International; Rum River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; South Metro Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Whitetail Institute of North America FX Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, nos. 7530, 75103, and 7510) administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the California Department of Fish and Game Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program. Funding also was provided by South Dakota State University, Idaho State University, the U.S. Forest Service, the National Science Foundation, Bend of the River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Bluffland Whitetails Association, Cottonwood County Game and Fish League, Des Moines Valley Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc., Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota State Archery Association I, North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International, Rum River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, South Metro Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, and Whitetail Institute of North America. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e108797 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108797 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU6XR UT WOS:000345745400124 PM 25264612 ER PT J AU Gomez-Velez, JD Harvey, JW AF Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. Harvey, Judson W. TI A hydrogeomorphic river network model predicts where and why hyporheic exchange is important in large basins SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; NITROGEN; STREAMS; DENITRIFICATION; SCALE; ZONE; SIZE; REMOVAL; SYSTEMS; DEPTH AB Hyporheic exchange has been hypothesized to have basin-scale consequences; however, predictions throughout river networks are limited by available geomorphic and hydrogeologic data and by models that can analyze and aggregate hyporheic exchange flows across large spatial scales. We developed a parsimonious but physically based model of hyporheic flow for application in large river basins: Networks with EXchange and Subsurface Storage (NEXSS). We applied NEXSS across a broad range of geomorphic diversity in river reaches and synthetic river networks. NEXSS demonstrates that vertical exchange beneath submerged bed forms rather than lateral exchange through meanders dominates hyporheic fluxes and turnover rates along river corridors. Per kilometer, low-order streams have a biogeochemical potential at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than higher-order streams. However, when biogeochemical potential is examined per average length of each stream order, low-and high-order streams were often found to be comparable. As a result, the hyporheic zone's intrinsic potential for biogeochemical transformations is comparable across different stream orders, but the greater river miles and larger total streambed area of lower order streams result in the highest cumulative impact from low-order streams. Lateral exchange through meander banks may be important in some cases but generally only in large rivers. C1 [Gomez-Velez, Jesus D.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gomez-Velez, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jgomezvelez@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU U.S. Geological Survey (NAWQA Program); U.S. Geological Survey (PES Program); U.S. Geological Survey (HRD Program) FX This research was conducted while the first author held a postdoctoral associateship (CNB) supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (NAWQA, PES, and HR&D Programs). We thank Rich Alexander, USGS, and anonymous reviewers and Editors at GRL for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6403 EP 6412 DI 10.1002/2014GL061099 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MO UT WOS:000344913700013 ER PT J AU Borsa, AA Agnew, DC Cayan, DR AF Borsa, Adrian Antal Agnew, Duncan Carr Cayan, Daniel R. TI Ongoing drought-induced uplift in the western United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LAND SUBSIDENCE; WATER STORAGE; SITE-POSITION; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; GPS; SEISMICITY; VALLEY; LOADS AB The western United States has been experiencing severe drought since 2013. The solid earth response to the accompanying loss of surface and near-surface water mass should be a broad region of uplift. We use seasonally adjusted time series from continuously operating global positioning system stations to measure this uplift, which we invert to estimate mass loss. The median uplift is 5 millimeters (mm), with values up to 15 mm in California's mountains. The associated pattern of mass loss, ranging up to 50 centimeters (cm) of water equivalent, is consistent with observed decreases in precipitation and streamflow. We estimate the total deficit to be similar to 240 gigatons, equivalent to a 10-cm layer of water over the entire region, or the annual mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet. C1 [Borsa, Adrian Antal; Agnew, Duncan Carr; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Borsa, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aborsa@ucsd.edu FU NSF; NASA under NSF [EAR-1261833]; USGS [G13AP00059] FX The GPS data we use come primarily from the PBO and are publicly available from UNAVCO through the Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope Facility, which is supported by the NSF and NASA under NSF cooperative agreement no. EAR-1261833. Meteorological data are publicly available from the National Climatic Data Center's Global Historical Climatology Network. The software used for load computation (SPOTL) is publicly available, and the processing software may be obtained from us. We acknowledge the efforts of many at UNAVCO to produce the exceptional PBO GPS data set, especially the station installation efforts of C. Walls, K. Austin, and K. Feaux. We thank M. Dettinger for comments. This work was supported by USGS grant no. G13AP00059. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 82 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 26 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6204 BP 1587 EP 1590 DI 10.1126/science.1260279 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP6CG UT WOS:000342164500038 PM 25147281 ER PT J AU De Giudici, G Wanty, RB Podda, F Kimball, BA Verplanck, PL Lattanzi, P Cidu, R Medas, D AF De Giudici, G. Wanty, R. B. Podda, F. Kimball, B. A. Verplanck, P. L. Lattanzi, P. Cidu, R. Medas, D. TI Quantifying biomineralization of zinc in the Rio Naracauli (Sardinia, Italy), using a tracer injection and synoptic sampling SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mine drainage; Zinc; Attenuation; Hydrozincite; Biomineralization; Tracer experiment ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; HYDROZINCITE ZN-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6); ZN BIOMINERALIZATION; STREAM; COLORADO; CREEK; PRECIPITATION; CYANOBACTERIA; IRRADIATION AB Streams draining mined areas throughout the world commonly have high concentrations of Zn. Because Zn is not easily removed from stream water and because it can be toxic to aquatic organisms, its presence is a persistent problem. The discovery of biomineralization of Zn-bearing solids in the mine drainage of Rio Naracauli, in Sardinia, Italy, provides insights into strategies for removing Zn and improving water quality in streams affected by mine drainage. Until now, the transport and attenuation of Zn has not been quantified in this stream setting. A continuous tracer injection experiment was conducted to quantify the biomineralization process and to identify the loading of constituents that causes a change from precipitation of hydrozincite [Zn-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6)] in the upstream reach to precipitation of a Zn-silicate phase downstream. Based on the mass-load calculations derived from the tracer experiment, about 1.2 kg/day of Zn is sequestered in hydrozincite. This biomineralization represents nearly 90% removal of Zn. Other elements such as Pb and Cd also are sequestered, either in the hydrozincite, or in a separate phase that forms simultaneously. In the lower 600 m of the stream, where the Zn-silicate forms, as much as 0.7 kg/day Zn are sequestered in this solid, but additions of Zn to the stream from groundwater discharge lead to an overall increase in load in that portion of the Rio Naracauli. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [De Giudici, G.; Podda, F.; Lattanzi, P.; Cidu, R.; Medas, D.] Univ Cagliari, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. [Wanty, R. B.; Verplanck, P. L.] US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 964d, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kimball, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84117 USA. RP De Giudici, G (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. EM gbgiudic@unica.it RI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/A-5817-2012 OI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/0000-0003-4352-2709 FU Regione Autonoma Sardegna (through University of Cagliari); Regione Autonoma Sardegna [LR7/2007]; Mineral Resources Program of U.S. Geological Survey; Ministry of Education (MIUR, PRIN); EU [226870]; Sardegna Ricerche FX This work was supported by Regione Autonoma Sardegna (Visiting professor grants provided through the University of Cagliari to Richard B. Wanty and Briant A. Kimball, and LR7/2007 grant to P.L.). RBW and PLV also received support from the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. RC received support from the Ministry of Education (MIUR, PRIN 2009). The research and dissemination activity was also done in the framework of the EU-funded Umbrella project (grant 226870), PRIN 2010/2011 "Interazioni minerali-biosfera" and "SMERI" project funded by Sardegna Ricerche. We thank some tens of students from master and bachelor degrees in Geological Science or Natural Sciences of the University of Cagliari for their help and enthusiastic collaboration in fieldwork. Particularly, we thank Luca Bottani, Elena Esposito and Patrizia Onnis for their activity as "runners" or in the field laboratory. We also thank Chris Fuller of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous Journal reviewers for their excellent constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 384 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX3RS UT WOS:000346857200009 ER PT J AU Coggins, LG Bacheler, NM Gwinn, DC AF Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Bacheler, Nathan M. Gwinn, Daniel C. TI Occupancy Models for Monitoring Marine Fish: A Bayesian Hierarchical Approach to Model Imperfect Detection with a Novel Gear Combination SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE DETECTION METHODS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; RED SNAPPER; ABUNDANCE; REEF; DETECTABILITY AB Occupancy models using incidence data collected repeatedly at sites across the range of a population are increasingly employed to infer patterns and processes influencing population distribution and dynamics. While such work is common in terrestrial systems, fewer examples exist in marine applications. This disparity likely exists because the replicate samples required by these models to account for imperfect detection are often impractical to obtain when surveying aquatic organisms, particularly fishes. We employ simultaneous sampling using fish traps and novel underwater camera observations to generate the requisite replicate samples for occupancy models of red snapper, a reef fish species. Since the replicate samples are collected simultaneously by multiple sampling devices, many typical problems encountered when obtaining replicate observations are avoided. Our results suggest that augmenting traditional fish trap sampling with camera observations not only doubled the probability of detecting red snapper in reef habitats off the Southeast coast of the United States, but supplied the necessary observations to infer factors influencing population distribution and abundance while accounting for imperfect detection. We found that detection probabilities tended to be higher for camera traps than traditional fish traps. Furthermore, camera trap detections were influenced by the current direction and turbidity of the water, indicating that collecting data on these variables is important for future monitoring. These models indicate that the distribution and abundance of this species is more heavily influenced by latitude and depth than by micro-scale reef characteristics lending credence to previous characterizations of red snapper as a reef habitat generalist. This study demonstrates the utility of simultaneous sampling devices, including camera traps, in aquatic environments to inform occupancy models and account for imperfect detection when describing factors influencing fish population distribution and dynamics. C1 [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.; Bacheler, Nathan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. [Gwinn, Daniel C.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gwinn, Daniel C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM lewis_coggins@fws.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e108302 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108302 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT3UZ UT WOS:000344862300070 PM 25255325 ER PT J AU Viain, A Savard, JPL Gilliland, S Perry, MC Guillemette, M AF Viain, Anouck Savard, Jean-Pierre L. Gilliland, Scott Perry, Matthew C. Guillemette, Magella TI Do Seaducks Minimise the Flightless Period?: Inter- and Intra-Specific Comparisons of Remigial Moult SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; EIDERS SOMATERIA-SPECTABILIS; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; WING MOLT; FEATHER GROWTH; COMMON EIDERS; BODY-MASS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS AB Remigial moult is one of the crucial events in the annual life cycle of waterfowl as it is energetically costly, lasts several weeks, and is a period of high vulnerability due to flightlessness. In waterfowl, remigial moult can be considered as an energy-predation trade-off, meaning that heavier individuals would minimise the flightless period by increasing feather growth rate and energy expenditure. Alternatively, they could reduce body mass at the end of this period, thereby reducing wing-loading to increase flight capability. We studied timing of remigial moult, primary growth rates, flightlessness duration, and the pattern of body mass variation in 5 species of captive seaducks (Melanitta fusca, M. perspicillata, Clangula hyemalis, Histrionicus histrionicus, and Somateria mollissima) ranging in size from 0.5 to 2.0 kg. Their feather growth rates weakly increased with body mass (M-0.059) and no correlation was found at the intra-specific level. Consequently, heavier seaduck species and especially heavier individuals had a longer flightless period. Although birds had access to food ad libidum, body mass first increased then decreased, the latter coinciding with maximum feather growth rate. Level of body mass when birds regained flight ability was similar to level observed at the beginning of remigial moult, suggesting they were not using a strategic reduction of body mass to reduce the flightlessness duration. We suggest that the moulting strategy of seaducks may be the result of a compromise between using an intense moult strategy (simultaneous moult) and a low feather growth rate without prejudice to feather quality. Despite the controlled captive status of the studied seaducks, all five species as well as both sexes within each species showed timing of moult reflecting that of wild birds, suggesting there is a genetic component acting to shape moult timing within wild birds. C1 [Viain, Anouck; Guillemette, Magella] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Savard, Jean-Pierre L.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. [Gilliland, Scott] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Sackville, NB, Canada. [Perry, Matthew C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Viain, A (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. EM anouck.viain@uqar.ca FU Environment Canada; Fondation de l'Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) FX AV was partially financed during this project through Environment Canada funding contribution and was supported by a grant from the Fondation de l'Universite du Quebec a Rimouski. This study was funded through the Environment Canada and the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) discovery and equipment grants to MG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e107929 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0107929 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ0SJ UT WOS:000342492700058 PM 25251375 ER PT J AU Reich, PB Luo, YJ Bradford, JB Poorter, H Perry, CH Oleksyn, J AF Reich, Peter B. Luo, Yunjian Bradford, John B. Poorter, Hendrik Perry, Charles H. Oleksyn, Jacek TI Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE allocation; biomass fraction; root:shoot; allometry; biogeography ID CARBON DYNAMICS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RESOURCE LIMITATION; LEAF LONGEVITY; ALLOCATION; CLIMATE; PLANTS; VEGETATION; FEEDBACKS AB Whether the fraction of total forest biomass distributed in roots, stems, or leaves varies systematically across geographic gradients remains unknown despite its importance for understanding forest ecology and modeling global carbon cycles. It has been hypothesized that plants should maintain proportionally more biomass in the organ that acquires the most limiting resource. Accordingly, we hypothesize greater biomass distribution in roots and less in stems and foliage in increasingly arid climates and in colder environments at high latitudes. Such a strategy would increase uptake of soil water in dry conditions and of soil nutrients in cold soils, where they are at low supply and are less mobile. We use a large global biomass dataset (> 6,200 forests from 61 countries, across a 40 degrees C gradient in mean annual temperature) to address these questions. Climate metrics involving temperature were better predictors of biomass partitioning than those involving moisture availability, because, surprisingly, fractional distribution of biomass to roots or foliage was unrelated to aridity. In contrast, in increasingly cold climates, the proportion of total forest biomass in roots was greater and in foliage was smaller for both angiosperm and gymnosperm forests. These findings support hypotheses about adaptive strategies of forest trees to temperature and provide biogeographically explicit relationships to improve ecosystem and earth system models. They also will allow, for the first time to our knowledge, representations of root carbon pools that consider biogeographic differences, which are useful for quantifying whole-ecosystem carbon stocks and cycles and for assessing the impact of climate change on forest carbon dynamics. C1 [Reich, Peter B.; Oleksyn, Jacek] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Luo, Yunjian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, Key Lab Urban Environm & Hlth, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Poorter, Hendrik] Forschungszentrum Julich, IBG Plant Sci 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Perry, Charles H.] ARS, No Res Stn, US Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Oleksyn, Jacek] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Dendrol, PL-62035 Kornik, Poland. RP Reich, PB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM preich@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; CAS, KLUEH/G-8978-2016; Poorter, Hendrik/B-8062-2010; CAS, KLUEH-Cooperation/E-1148-2017; OI Poorter, Hendrik/0000-0001-9900-2433; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 FU Wilderness Research Foundation; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-1234162]; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05060102, XDA05050602]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31200363]; National Science Center (Poland) [2011/02/A/NZ9/00108]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) [N N304 375738] FX We thank all whose work contributed to the data used herein. Funding was provided by the Wilderness Research Foundation and the Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota; the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-1234162); the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station; the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grants XDA05060102 and XDA05050602; National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 31200363; National Science Center (Poland) Grant 2011/02/A/NZ9/00108; and Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) Grant N N304 375738. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 17 U2 131 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 23 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 38 BP 13721 EP 13726 DI 10.1073/pnas.1216053111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP3PC UT WOS:000341988200026 PM 25225412 ER PT J AU Meinert, LD AF Meinert, Lawrence D. TI Land and Wine The French Terroir SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Meinert, Lawrence D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meinert, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lmeinert@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6203 BP 1459 EP 1459 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0LM UT WOS:000341752900027 ER PT J AU Hubbard, D Gischler, E Davies, P Montaggioni, L Camoin, G Dullo, WC Storlazzi, C Field, M Fletcher, C Grossman, E Sheppard, C Lescinsky, H Fenner, D McManus, J Scheffers, S AF Hubbard, Dennis Gischler, Eberhard Davies, Peter Montaggioni, Lucien Camoin, Gilbert Dullo, Wolf-Christian Storlazzi, Curt Field, Michael Fletcher, Charles Grossman, Eric Sheppard, Charles Lescinsky, Halard Fenner, Douglas McManus, John Scheffers, Sander TI Island outlook: Warm and swampy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID REEF ISLANDS; GROWTH C1 [Hubbard, Dennis] Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Gischler, Eberhard] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Davies, Peter] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Montaggioni, Lucien] Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE, CNRS, UMR 7330,Ctr St Charles, F-13331 Marseille, France. [Camoin, Gilbert] Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE, UMR 7330, CNRS, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Dullo, Wolf-Christian] Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, GEOMAR, Ozeanzirkulat & Klimadynam FB1, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Storlazzi, Curt; Field, Michael] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Fletcher, Charles] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Grossman, Eric] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sheppard, Charles] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Lescinsky, Halard] Otterbein Univ, Dept Biol & Earth Sci, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. [Fenner, Douglas] Ocean Associates, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [McManus, John] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Natl Ctr Coral Reef Res, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Scheffers, Sander] So Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. RP Hubbard, D (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM dennis.hubbard@oberlin.edu RI Dullo, Wolf-Christian/O-2679-2014 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6203 BP 1461 EP 1461 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0LM UT WOS:000341752900029 PM 25237093 ER PT J AU Pervez, MS Henebry, GM AF Pervez, Md Shahriar Henebry, Geoffrey M. TI Projections of the Ganges-Brahmaputra precipitation Downscaled from GCM predictors SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation projections; Ganges-Brahmaputra; Statistical downscaling; SDSM; Climate change; GCM predictors ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; UPPER INDUS BASIN; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WATER-RESOURCES; RIVER-BASIN; VARIABILITY; MODEL; FLOW; VULNERABILITY AB Downscaling Global Climate Model (GCM) projections of future climate is critical for impact studies. Downscaling enables use of GCM experiments for regional scale impact studies by generating regionally specific forecasts connecting global scale predictions and regional scale dynamics. We employed the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) to downscale 21st century precipitation for two data-sparse hydrologically challenging river basins in South Asia-the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. We used CGCM3.1 by Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis version 3.1 predictors in downscaling the precipitation. Downscaling was performed on the basis of established relationships between historical Global Summary of Day observed precipitation records from 43 stations and National Center for Environmental Prediction re-analysis large scale atmospheric predictors. Although the selection of predictors was challenging during the set-up of SDSM, they were found to be indicative of important physical forcings in the basins. The precipitation of both basins was largely influenced by geopotential height: the Ganges precipitation was modulated by the U component of the wind and specific humidity at 500 and 1000 h Pa pressure levels; whereas, the Brahmaputra precipitation was modulated by the V component of the wind at 850 and 1000 h Pa pressure levels. The evaluation of the SDSM performance indicated that model accuracy for reproducing precipitation at the monthly scale was acceptable, but at the daily scale the model inadequately simulated some daily extreme precipitation events. Therefore, while the downscaled precipitation may not be the suitable input to analyze future extreme flooding or drought events, it could be adequate for analysis of future freshwater availability. Analysis of the CGCM3.1 downscaled precipitation projection with respect to observed precipitation reveals that the precipitation regime in each basin may be significantly impacted by climate change. Precipitation during and after the monsoon is likely to increase in both basins under the A1B and A2 emission scenarios; whereas, the pre-monsoon precipitation is likely to decrease. Peak monsoon precipitation is likely to shift from July to August, and may impact the livelihoods of large rural populations linked to subsistence agriculture in the basins. Uncertainty analysis of the downscaled precipitation indicated that the uncertainty in the downscaled precipitation was less than the uncertainty in the original CGCM3.1 precipitation; hence, the CGCM3.1 downscaled precipitation was a better input for the regional hydrological impact studies. However, downscaled precipitation from multiple GCMs is suggested for comprehensive impact studies. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Pervez, Md Shahriar] Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pervez, Md Shahriar; Henebry, Geoffrey M.] S Dakota State Univ, GSCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Pervez, MS (reprint author), Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spervez@usgs.gov; geoffrey.henebry@sdstate.edu OI Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and in part by the Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University. We thank these agencies for their support. We sincerely thank Dr. Miliaritiana Robjhon of NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction for guiding our processing of the wind data. We are also thankful to Dr. Gabriel Senay, Dr. James P. Verdin, James Rowland and Michael Budde at USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center for suggestions made throughout the research and during the preparation of the manuscript. We greatly appreciate the astute comments made by the anonymous reviewers, and technical comments and edits by USGS reviewers, which helped us improve the manuscript considerably. We also thank and acknowledge the Data Access Integration (DAL http://quebec.ccsn.ca/DAI/) Team for providing the CGCM3.1 predictor data and technical support, and National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina for providing station data. The DAI data download gateway is made possible through collaboration among the Global Environmental and Climate Change Centre (GEC3), the Adaptation and Impacts Research Division (AIRD) of Environment Canada, and the Drought Research Initiative (DRI). The Ouranos Consortium (in Quebec) also provides IT support to the DAI team. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 120 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.016 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000011 ER PT J AU DeWeber, JT Wagner, T AF DeWeber, Jefferson Tyrell Wagner, Tyler TI A regional neural network ensemble for predicting mean daily river water temperature SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Water temperature; Neural network; River; Stream; Ensemble; Regional prediction ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAM TEMPERATURES; UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; APPALACHIAN TROUT; AIR TEMPERATURES; THERMAL REGIME; NATIVE RANGE AB Water temperature is a fundamental property of river habitat and often a key aspect of river resource management, but measurements to characterize thermal regimes are not available for most streams and rivers. As such, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) ensemble model to predict mean daily water temperature in 197,402 individual stream reaches during the warm season (May-October) throughout the native range of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the eastern U.S. We compared four models with different groups of predictors to determine how well water temperature could be predicted by climatic, landform, and land cover attributes, and used the median prediction from an ensemble of 100 ANNs as our final prediction for each model. The final model included air temperature, landform attributes and forested land cover and predicted mean daily water temperatures with moderate accuracy as determined by root mean squared error (RMSE) at 886 training sites with data from 1980 to 2009 (RMSE = 1.91 degrees C). Based on validation at 96 sites (RMSE = 1.82) and separately for data from 2010 (RMSE = 1.93), a year with relatively warmer conditions, the model was able to generalize to new stream reaches and years. The most important predictors were mean daily air temperature, prior 7 day mean air temperature, and network catchment area according to sensitivity analyses. Forest land cover at both riparian and catchment extents had relatively weak but clear negative effects. Predicted daily water temperature averaged for the month of July matched expected spatial trends with cooler temperatures in headwaters and at higher elevations and latitudes. Our ANN ensemble is unique in predicting daily temperatures throughout a large region, while other regional efforts have predicted at relatively coarse time steps. The model may prove a useful tool for predicting water temperatures in sampled and unsampled rivers under current conditions and future projections of climate and land use changes, thereby providing information that is valuable to management of river ecosystems and biota such as brook trout. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeWeber, Jefferson Tyrell] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP DeWeber, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 413 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jtdeweber@gmail.com; txw19@psu.edu RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011 OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank the following individuals and agencies for generous contributions of water temperature data: Andy Dollof, Anthony Raburn of the Georgia DNR, Joan Trial of the Maine DMR, John Sweka of the USFWS Northeast Fishery Center, Mark Hudy, the Maryland DNR Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division, Neal Hagstrom of the Connecticut DEEP, the New Hamphsire FGC, Rich Kern of the Vermont FWD, Roy Martin, Steve Means of the Pennsylvania DEP, the Susquehana River Basin Commission, Tamara Smith, and the Wood-Pawcatuck Watershed Association. We would also like to thank J. Olden and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on a previous version of this manuscript, as well as all members of the Fish Habitat, Climate, and Land Use Change group for support and ideas leading to this manuscript. Data included in this document were provided by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Monitoring and Non-tidal Assessment Division. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names if for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.035 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000016 ER PT J AU Paces, JB Wurster, FC AF Paces, James B. Wurster, Frederic C. TI Natural uranium and strontium isotope tracers of water sources and surface water-groundwater interactions in arid wetlands - Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arid wetlands; Geochemistry; Environmental isotopes; Sr-87/Sr-86; U-234/U-238; Hydrologic sources ID ROCK INTERACTION; U-SERIES; RIVER; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; RATIOS; BASIN; FLOW; SR; SR-87/SR-86 AB Near-surface physical and chemical process can strongly affect dissolved-ion concentrations and stable-isotope compositions of water in wetland settings, especially under arid climate conditions. In contrast, heavy radiogenic isotopes of strontium (Sr-87/Sr-86,) and uranium (U-234/U-238) remain largely unaffected and can be used to help identify unique signatures from different sources and quantify end-member mixing that would otherwise be difficult to determine. The utility of combined Sr and U isotopes are demonstrated in this study of wetland habitats on the Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge, which depend on supply from large-volume springs north of the Refuge, and from small-volume springs and seeps within the Refuge. Water budgets from these sources have not been quantified previously. Evaporation, transpiration, seasonally variable surface flow, and water management practices complicate the use of conventional methods for determining source contributions and mixing relations. In contrast, Sr-87/Sr-86 and U-234/U-238 remain unfractionated under these conditions, and compositions at a given site remain constant. Differences in Sr- and U-isotopic signatures between individual sites can be related by simple two- or three-component mixing models. Results indicate that surface flow constituting the Refuge's irrigation source consists of a 65:25:10 mixture of water from two distinct regionally sourced carbonate-aquifer springs, and groundwater from locally sourced volcanic aquifers. Within the Refuge, contributions from the irrigation source and local groundwater are readily determined and depend on proximity to those sources as well as water management practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Paces, James B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Wurster, Frederic C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Suffolk, VA 23434 USA. RP Paces, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jbpaces@usgs.gov; fred_wurster@fws.gov FU Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act Round 6 FX This study was supported by funding from the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act Round 6. The authors wish to thank Kiyoto Futa, Loretta Kwak, Thomas Oliver, Cayce Gulbransen, Leonid Neymark, Craig Johnson, and Craig Stricker for assistance in collecting chemical and isotope data, and James King, Chris Morris, and Jim Docktor for collecting hydrologic data. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Technical reviews by Leigh Justet, Philippe Negrel, and an anonymous reviewer helped improve the quality of the manuscript and are greatly appreciated by the authors. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.011 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000018 ER PT J AU Hassan, SMT Lubczynski, MW Niswonger, RG Su, ZB AF Hassan, S. M. Tanvir Lubczynski, Maciek W. Niswonger, Richard G. Su, Zhongbo TI Surface-groundwater interactions in hard rocks in Sardon Catchment of western Spain: An integrated modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surface-groundwater interactions; Hard rock aquifer; Water balance; GSFLOW integrated hydrologic model; Recharge; Groundwater evapotranspiration ID WATER STORAGE CAPACITY; SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RICHARDS EQUATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED FLOW; HYDRAULIC LIFT; SOIL-MOISTURE; POROUS-MEDIA; OAK AB The structural and hydrological complexity of hard rock systems (HRSs) affects dynamics of surface-groundwater interactions. These complexities are not well described or understood by hydrogeologists because simplified analyses typically are used to study HRSs. A transient, integrated hydrologic model (IHM) GSFLOW (Groundwater and Surface water FLOW) was calibrated and post-audited using 18 years of daily groundwater head and stream discharge data to evaluate the surface-groundwater interactions in semi-arid, similar to 80 km(2) granitic Sardon hilly catchment in Spain characterized by shallow water table conditions, relatively low storage, dense drainage networks and frequent, high intensity rainfall. The following hydrological observations for the Sardon Catchment, and more generally for HRSs were made: (i) significant bi-directional vertical flows occur between surface water and groundwater throughout the HRSs; (ii) relatively large groundwater recharge represents 16% of precipitation (P, 562 mm.y(-1)) and large groundwater exfiltration (similar to 11% of P) results in short groundwater flow paths due to a dense network of streams, low permeability and hilly topographic relief; deep, long groundwater flow paths constitute a smaller component of the water budget (similar to 1% of P); quite high groundwater evapotranspiration (similar to 5% of P and similar to 7% of total evapotranspiration); low permeability and shallow soils are the main reasons for relatively large components of Hortonian flow and interflow (15% and 11% of P, respectively); (iii) the majority of drainage from the catchment leaves as surface water; (iv) declining 18 years trend (4.44 mm.y(-1)) of groundwater storage; and (v) large spatio-temporal variability of water fluxes. This IHM study of HRSs provides greater understanding of these relatively unknown hydrologic systems that are widespread throughout the world and are important for water resources in many regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hassan, S. M. Tanvir; Lubczynski, Maciek W.; Su, Zhongbo] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Dept Water Resources, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Lubczynski, MW (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Dept Water Resources, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM m.w.lubczynski@utwente.nl RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009 FU European Union; ITC research fund; U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX The research was jointly supported by a PhD scholarship of European Union's Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window (EMMA lot 12) and ITC research fund. Funding for the third author was provided by U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. We would like to thank Alain P. Frances for his help, discussion and useful comments in preparing this manuscript. We would also like to thank Dennis W. Risser, Groundwater Specialist of Pennsylvania Water Science Center of U.S. Geological Survey for very helpful comments that undoubtedly improved the manuscript. Finally, two anonymous reviewers of the journal are greatly acknowledged as they made many critical suggestions that undoubtedly improved the quality of the final version of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 390 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.026 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000034 ER PT J AU Niswonger, RG Allander, KK Jeton, AE AF Niswonger, Richard G. Allander, Kip K. Jeton, Anne E. TI Collaborative modelling and integrated decision support system analysis of a developed terminal lake basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Terminal lake salinization; Integrated hydrologic modeling; Collaborative modeling; Surface water/groundwater interaction ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; RIVER-BASIN; WALKER LAKE; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; GROUNDWATER MODEL; PLANNING-MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-WATER; PART 1; FLOW AB A terminal lake basin in west-central Nevada, Walker Lake, has undergone drastic change over the past 90 yrs due to upstream water use for agriculture. Decreased inflows to the lake have resulted in 100 km(2) decrease in lake surface area and a total loss of fisheries due to salinization. The ecologic health of Walker Lake is of great concern as the lake is a stopover point on the Pacific route for migratory birds from within and outside the United States. Stakeholders, water institutions, and scientists have engaged in collaborative modeling and the development of a decision support system that is being used to develop and analyze management change options to restore the lake. Here we use an integrated management and hydrologic model that relies on state-of-the-art simulation capabilities to evaluate the benefits of using integrated hydrologic models as components of a decision support system. Nonlinear feedbacks among climate, surface-water and groundwater exchanges, and water use present challenges for simulating realistic outcomes associated with management change. Integrated management and hydrologic modeling provides a means of simulating benefits associated with management change in the Walker River basin where drastic changes in the hydrologic landscape have taken place over the last century. Through the collaborative modeling process, stakeholder support is increasing and possibly leading to management change options that result in reductions in Walker Lake salt concentrations, as simulated by the decision support system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Niswonger, Richard G.; Allander, Kip K.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Niswonger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM rniswon@usgs.gov; kalland@usgs.gov; aejeton@aol.com FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX Support for the first author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. Support for the second and third authors was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation's Desert Terminal Lakes Program and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Walker basin Restoration Program. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 521 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.043 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000044 ER PT J AU Singh, R Archfield, SA Wagener, T AF Singh, R. Archfield, S. A. Wagener, T. TI Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments - A comparative hydrology approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rainfall runoff modeling; Parameter transfer; Ungauged catchment; Classification and regression trees; Streamflow signatures; Predictions in ungauged basins ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; LANDSCAPE REGIONS; WATER-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; BASE-FLOW; REGIONALIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS; CALIBRATION AB Daily streamflow information is critical for solving various hydrologic problems, though observations of continuous streamflow for model calibration are available at only a small fraction of the world's rivers. One approach to estimate daily streamflow at an ungauged location is to transfer rainfall-runoff model parameters calibrated at a gauged (donor) catchment to an ungauged (receiver) catchment of interest. Central to this approach is the selection of a hydrologically similar donor. No single metric or set of metrics of hydrologic similarity have been demonstrated to consistently select a suitable donor catchment. We design an experiment to diagnose the dominant controls on successful hydrologic model parameter transfer. We calibrate a lumped rainfall-runoff model to 83 stream gauges across the United States. All locations are USGS reference gauges with minimal human influence. Parameter sets from the calibrated models are then transferred to each of the other catchments and the performance of the transferred parameters is assessed. This transfer experiment is carried out both at the scale of the entire US and then for six geographic regions. We use classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to determine the relationship between catchment similarity and performance of transferred parameters. Similarity is defined using physical/climatic catchment characteristics, as well as streamflow response characteristics (signatures such as baseflow index and runoff ratio). Across the entire US, successful parameter transfer is governed by similarity in elevation and climate, and high similarity in streamflow signatures. Controls vary for different geographic regions though. Geology followed by drainage, topography and climate constitute the dominant similarity metrics in forested eastern mountains and plateaus, whereas agricultural land use relates most strongly with successful parameter transfer in the humid plains. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Archfield, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wagener, T.] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, 217F EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rus197@psu.edu; sarch@usgs.gov; thorsten.wagener@bristol.ac.uk RI Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Singh, Riddhi/0000-0002-1670-1229 FU EPA STAR Early Career Award [R834196]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64641]; U.S. Geological Survey New England Water Science Center; Department of the Interior WaterSMART program FX Partial support for Riddhi Singh and Thorsten Wagener was provided by an EPA STAR Early Career Award (R834196) and by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER64641. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding institutions listed above. Support for Stacey Archfield was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey New England Water Science Center and the Department of the Interior WaterSMART program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 985 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AO0CP UT WOS:000340977000082 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Misra, SK Luoma, SN Valsami-Jones, E AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Misra, Superb K. Luoma, Samuel N. Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of CuO Nanoparticles by a Freshwater Invertebrate after Waterborne and Dietborne Exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; COPPER NANOPARTICLES; PSEUDOKIRCHNERIELLA-SUBCAPITATA; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DIETARY EXPOSURES; ISOTOPE TRACERS; DISSOLVED CU; BULK ZNO AB The incidental ingestion of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can be an important route of uptake for aquatic organisms. Yet, knowledge of dietary bioavailability and toxicity of NPs is scarce. Here we used isotopically modified copper oxide (65CuO) NPs to characterize the processes governing their bioaccumulation in a freshwater snail after waterborne and dietborne exposures. Lymnaea stagnalis efficiently accumulated 65Cu after aqueous and dietary exposures to 65CuO NPs. Cu assimilation efficiency and feeding rates averaged 83% and 0.61 g g(1) d(1) at low exposure concentrations (<100 nmol g(1)), and declined by nearly 50% above this concentration. We estimated that 8090% of the bioaccumulated 65Cu concentration in L. stagnalis originated from the 65CuO NPs, suggesting that dissolution had a negligible influence on Cu uptake from the NPs under our experimental conditions. The physiological loss of 65Cu incorporated into tissues after exposures to 65CuO NPs was rapid over the first days of depuration and not detectable thereafter. As a result, large Cu body concentrations are expected in L. stagnalis after exposure to CuO NPs. To the degree that there is a link between bioaccumulation and toxicity, dietborne exposures to CuO NPs are likely to elicit adverse effects more readily than waterborne exposures. C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Misra, Superb K.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016 FU joint US-EPA [RD-834557501-0 USGS]; UK-NERC [NE/F005008/1]; Toxic Substance Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; EU [262163] FX We are grateful to Dan Cain for reviewing the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge funding from the joint US-EPA and UK-NERC Research Program Grant RD-834557501-0 USGS and NE/F005008/1, respectively. MNC acknowledges the Toxic Substance Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and SKM acknowledges QualityNano (http://www.qnano-ri.eu) from the EU-FP7 Capacities Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement No. 262163. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 18 BP 10929 EP 10937 DI 10.1021/es5018703 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP1BN UT WOS:000341801500049 PM 25110983 ER PT J AU Kraus, JM Walters, DM Wesner, JS Stricker, CA Schmidt, TS Zuellig, RE AF Kraus, Johanna M. Walters, David M. Wesner, Jeff S. Stricker, Craig A. Schmidt, Travis S. Zuellig, Robert E. TI Metamorphosis Alters Contaminants and Chemical Tracers in Insects: Implications for Food Webs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISPAR L LYMANTRIIDAE; TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS; METAL BIOACCUMULATION; ION CHARACTERISTICS; AQUATIC INSECTS; PCBS; FLUX; BIOCONCENTRATION; TOXICITY; NITROGEN AB Insects are integral to most freshwater and terrestrial food webs, but due to their accumulation of environmental pollutants they are also contaminant vectors that threaten reproduction, development, and survival of consumers. Metamorphosis from larvae to adult can cause large chemical changes in insects, altering contaminant concentrations and fractionation of chemical tracers used to establish contaminant biomagnification in food webs, but no framework exists for predicting and managing these effects. We analyzed data from 39 studies of 68 analytes (stable isotopes and contaminants), and found that metamorphosis effects varied greatly. delta N-15, widely used to estimate relative trophic position in biomagnification studies, was enriched by similar to 1 parts per thousand during metamorphosis, while delta C-13 used to estimate diet, was similar in larvae and adults. Metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were predominantly lost during metamorphosis leading to similar to 2 to 125-fold higher larval concentrations and higher exposure risks for predators of larvae compared to predators of adults. In contrast, manufactured organic contaminants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls) were retained and concentrated in adults, causing up to similar to 3-fold higher adult concentrations and higher exposure risks to predators of adult insects. Both food web studies and contaminant management and mitigation strategies need to consider how metamorphosis affects the movement of materials between habitats and ecosystems, with special regard for aquatic-terrestrial linkages. C1 [Kraus, Johanna M.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, MS Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kraus, Johanna M.; Walters, David M.; Stricker, Craig A.; Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wesner, Jeff S.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] USGS, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kraus, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, MS Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jkraus@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship; USGS Mineral Resources Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant FX This project was funded by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship to J.M.K., the USGS Mineral Resources Program, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant to D.M.W. We thank P. Leipzig-Scott for data entry and J. Monroe (Freshwaters Illustrated) for figure design. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 18 BP 10957 EP 10965 DI 10.1021/es502970b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP1BN UT WOS:000341801500052 PM 25136925 ER PT J AU Meattey, DE Savoy, L Beuth, J Pau, N O'Brien, K Osenkowski, J Regan, K Lasorsa, B Johnson, I AF Meattey, Dustin E. Savoy, Lucas Beuth, Josh Pau, Nancy O'Brien, Kathleen Osenkowski, Jason Regan, Kevin Lasorsa, Brenda Johnson, Ian TI Elevated mercury levels in a wintering population of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the northeastern United States SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Common eider; Sea ducks; Mercury; Blood; Contaminants; Mollusks ID MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; AMERICAN SEA DUCKS; BERGEN HARBOR AREA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; KING EIDERS; MACOMA-BALTHICA; WESTERN NORWAY; ALEUTIAN CHAIN; NEW-BRUNSWICK AB In North America and Europe, sea ducks are important indicators of ecological health and inshore marine pollution. To explore spatial variation in mercury accumulation in common eiders in the northeastern United States, we compared concentrations of total mercury in common eider blood at several New England locations between 1998 and 2013. Eider food items (mollusks) were collected and analyzed to determine if mercury concentrations in eider blood were indicative of local mercury bioavailability. Eiders from Plum Island Sound, MA had a significantly higher mean blood mercury concentration (0.83 mu g/g) than those in other locations. Mean mercury levels in this population were also nearly three times higher than any blood mercury concentrations reported for common eiders in published literature. We observed consistent patterns in eider blood mercury and blue mussel mercury concentrations between sites, suggesting a tentative predictive quality between the two species. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meattey, Dustin E.; Savoy, Lucas; Regan, Kevin; Johnson, Ian] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Beuth, Josh; Osenkowski, Jason] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, West Kingston, RI 02892 USA. [Pau, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Parker River NWR, Newburyport, MA 01950 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson NWR, Wells, ME 04090 USA. [Lasorsa, Brenda] Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Meattey, DE (reprint author), Biodivers Res Inst, 652 Main St, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM dustin.meattey@briloon.org FU Parker River National Wildlife Refuge; Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge and Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge; University of Rhode Island; Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management; USFWS Region 5 FX The authors would like to thank the staff at Parker River National Wildlife Refuge and Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge for their invaluable help in assisting field efforts, providing access to refuge property and resources, and funding support. The University of Rhode Island and Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management also provided funding and field support for sample collection. Funding for Boston Harbor capture efforts was provide by USFWS Region 5. We would like to thank Dr. Jon Atwood, Dr. lain Stenhouse, Oksana Lane, David Yates, and Alishia Zyer for providing helpful comments and direction on early drafts of this paper. Thanks to Evan Adams for providing valuable assistance with statistical analyses and interpretation. Lastly, we would like to thank many past and current Biodiversity Research Institute biologists for their tireless efforts in the field. Thanks to Michael Chickering, Pedro Ardapple, Rick Gray, Patrick Keenan, Chris Niven, David Yates, Robby Lambert, Casey Huck, and Chris DeSorbo. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5PC UT WOS:000342860100037 PM 25066457 ER PT J AU Casazza, ML Ricca, MA Overton, CT Takekawa, JY Merritt, AM Ackerman, JT AF Casazza, Michael L. Ricca, Mark A. Overton, Cory T. Takekawa, John Y. Merritt, Angela M. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Dietary mercury exposure to endangered California Clapper Rails in San Francisco Bay SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Hg; Invertebrate; Tidal marsh ID RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; FORAGE FISH; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FOOD WEBS; SPACE USE; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARY; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATION AB California Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) are an endangered waterbird that forage in tidal-marsh habitats that pose risks from mercury exposure. We analyzed total mercury (Hg) in six macro-invertebrate and one fish species representing Clapper Rail diets from four tidal-marshes in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations among individual taxa ranged from lowest at Colma Creek (mean range: 0.09-0.2 mu g/g dw) to highest at Cogswell (0.2-0.7), Laumeister (0.2-0.9) and Arrowhead Marshes (0.3-1.9). These spatial patterns for Hg matched patterns reported previously in Clapper Rail blood from the same four marshes. Over 25% of eastern mudsnails (Ilyanassa obsolete) and staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) exceeded dietary Hg concentrations (ww) often associated with avian reproductive impairment. Our results indicate that Hg concentrations vary considerably among tidal-marshes and diet taxa, and Hg concentrations of prey may provide an appropriate proxy for relative exposure risk for Clapper Rails. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Casazza, Michael L.; Ricca, Mark A.; Overton, Cory T.; Merritt, Angela M.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Casazza, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM mike_casazza@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7; California Coastal Conservatory, Invasive Spartina Project, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Coastal Program; U.S. Geological Surveys Western Ecological Research Center; USGS Environmental Health Mission Area Contaminant Biology Program FX Funding for this research was provided through the Science Support and Quick Response Programs administered jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7. Additional support was provided by the California Coastal Conservatory, Invasive Spartina Project, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Coastal Program, the U.S. Geological Surveys Western Ecological Research Center, and the USGS Environmental Health Mission Area Contaminant Biology Program. We thank Tobias Rohmer, Jeffrey Lewis, and, Whitney Thornton for assistance with field collections, R. Keister for Hg laboratory analyses, and M. Herzog for data management. We thank Glenn Wylie, Julie Yee, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on previous manuscript drafts. Use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication are for descriptive purposes only and do imply endorsement by U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5PC UT WOS:000342860100040 PM 25066452 ER PT J AU Chestnut, T Anderson, C Popa, R Blaustein, AR Voytek, M Olson, DH Kirshtein, J AF Chestnut, Tara Anderson, Chauncey Popa, Radu Blaustein, Andrew R. Voytek, Mary Olson, Deanna H. Kirshtein, Julie TI Heterogeneous Occupancy and Density Estimates of the Pathogenic Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Waters of North America SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; AQUATIC COMMUNITIES; ALVEOLATE PATHOGEN; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; SP-NOV; CLIMATE AB Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a contributor to amphibian declines worldwide. Bd research has focused on the dynamics of the pathogen in its amphibian hosts, with little emphasis on investigating the dynamics of free-living Bd. Therefore, we investigated patterns of Bd occupancy and density in amphibian habitats using occupancy models, powerful tools for estimating site occupancy and detection probability. Occupancy models have been used to investigate diseases where the focus was on pathogen occurrence in the host. We applied occupancy models to investigate free-living Bd in North American surface waters to determine Bd seasonality, relationships between Bd site occupancy and habitat attributes, and probability of detection from water samples as a function of the number of samples, sample volume, and water quality. We also report on the temporal patterns of Bd density from a 4-year case study of a Bd-positive wetland. We provide evidence that Bd occurs in the environment year-round. Bd exhibited temporal and spatial heterogeneity in density, but did not exhibit seasonality in occupancy. Bd was detected in all months, typically at less than 100 zoospores L-1. The highest density observed was similar to 3 million zoospores L-1. We detected Bd in 47% of sites sampled, but estimated that Bd occupied 61% of sites, highlighting the importance of accounting for imperfect detection. When Bd was present, there was a 95% chance of detecting it with four samples of 600 ml of water or five samples of 60 mL. Our findings provide important baseline information to advance the study of Bd disease ecology, and advance our understanding of amphibian exposure to free-living Bd in aquatic habitats over time. C1 [Chestnut, Tara] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chestnut, Tara; Anderson, Chauncey] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Popa, Radu] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Blaustein, Andrew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Voytek, Mary] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Headquarters, Astrobiol Program, Washington, DC USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kirshtein, Julie] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Chestnut, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM chestnut@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [0948041]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation GK-12 Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education Program (Award #0948041) to TC, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 113 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106790 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106790 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0SR UT WOS:000341774800026 PM 25222122 ER PT J AU Erickson, WP Wolfe, MM Bay, KJ Johnson, DH Gehring, JL AF Erickson, Wallace P. Wolfe, Melissa M. Bay, Kimberly J. Johnson, Douglas H. Gehring, Joelle L. TI A Comprehensive Analysis of Small-Passerine Fatalities from Collision with Turbines at Wind Energy Facilities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AVIAN MORTALITY; BIRD MORTALITY; CANADA; IMPACT; RIDGE; BATS AB Small passerines, sometimes referred to as perching birds or songbirds, are the most abundant bird group in the United States (US) and Canada, and the most common among bird fatalities caused by collision with turbines at wind energy facilities. We used data compiled from 116 studies conducted in the US and Canada to estimate the annual rate of small-bird fatalities. It was necessary for us to calculate estimates of small-bird fatality rates from reported all-bird rates for 30% of studies. The remaining 70% of studies provided data on small-bird fatalities. We then adjusted estimates to account for detection bias and loss of carcasses from scavenging. These studies represented about 15% of current operating capacity (megawatts [MW]) for all wind energy facilities in the US and Canada and provided information on 4,975 bird fatalities, of which we estimated 62.5% were small passerines comprising 156 species. For all wind energy facilities currently in operation, we estimated that about 134,000 to 230,000 small-passerine fatalities from collision with wind turbines occur annually, or 2.10 to 3.35 small birds/MW of installed capacity. When adjusted for species composition, this indicates that about 368,000 fatalities for all bird species are caused annually by collisions with wind turbines. Other human-related sources of bird deaths, (e.g., communication towers, buildings [including windows]), and domestic cats) have been estimated to kill millions to billions of birds each year. Compared to continent-wide population estimates, the cumulative mortality rate per year by species was highest for black-throated blue warbler and tree swallow; 0.043% of the entire population of each species was estimated to annually suffer mortality from collisions with turbines. For the eighteen species with the next highest values, this estimate ranged from 0.008% to 0.038%, much lower than rates attributed to collisions with communication towers (1.2% to 9.0% for top twenty species). C1 [Erickson, Wallace P.; Wolfe, Melissa M.; Bay, Kimberly J.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Gehring, Joelle L.] FCC, Washington, DC USA. RP Erickson, WP (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM werickson@west-inc.com FU American Wind Wildlife Institute FX Funding for this research was provided by the American Wind Wildlife Institute (http://www.awwi.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. Taber Allison, AWWI Director of Research and Evaluation, reviewed the manuscript and participated in the decision to publish. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 97 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e107491 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0107491 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0SR UT WOS:000341774800076 PM 25222738 ER PT J AU Porritt, RW Allen, RM Pollitz, FF AF Porritt, Robert W. Allen, Richard M. Pollitz, Fred F. TI Seismic imaging east of the Rocky Mountains with USArray SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seismology; geophysics; Wyoming Province; Llano Province; Deep Farallon slab ID TRANSPORTABLE ARRAY DATA; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; BENEATH NORTH-AMERICA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FARALLON PLATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; JOINT INVERSION; SIERRA-NEVADA; LOWER MANTLE AB USArray has facilitated significant advancement in tomographic models and methodologies. While there persists a fundamental tradeoff between horizontal and vertical resolution due to the components of the wave train analyzed, advances in joint inversions are continuing to refine the tomographic images generated with USArray. The DNA13 model incorporates teleseismic P observations, independent SH and SV observations, and surface-wave phase velocities from both teleseismic earthquakes and ambient noise to constrain the relative wave-speed from the crust down into the lower mantle. We address the validity of our models through forward prediction of observables and compare the predictive power of the DNA13 models to other models. In the shallow portion of DNA13, we image the Archean age Wyoming Province, which exhibits evidence of ocean closure at its northern and southern ends. The Llano Province in Central Texas is of Grenville age and still contains lithospheric evidence of subduction as the province accreted to North America. Comparison of these two provinces highlights the role of fossil slabs as part of the cratonic architecture. Analysis of the deep portion of the models highlights variations within the Farallon plate, including two distinct high wave-speed anomalies in the eastern U.S. and a shallow feature in the center of these two anomalies. We propose this is evidence of an oceanic plateau, which provides the necessary positive buoyancy to promote flat-slab subduction of the Farallon plate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Porritt, Robert W.; Allen, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pollitz, Fred F.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Porritt, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rob@seismo.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0643077, EAR-0745934] FX All figures were made with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). We'd like to thank IRIS and Earthscope for the USArray dataset. We'd like to thank Robert Smith for sharing relative delay times for the Yellowstone network (after Waite et al., 2006). We'd also like to thank UC Berkeley undergraduate Jenny Taing for helping derive arrival time measurements. We thank Shu-Huei Hung and Mathias Obrebski for continued use of software and the rest of the UC Berkeley regional imaging group (Cheng Cheng, William Hawley, Qingkai Kong, and Robert Martin Short) for continuing discussion on early versions of this manuscript. This manuscript was improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0643077 and EAR-0745934. NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 402 SI SI BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.034 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO4VW UT WOS:000341340500003 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Mooney, WD AF Pollitz, Fred F. Mooney, Walter D. TI Seismic structure of the Central US crust and shallow upper mantle: Uniqueness of the Reelfoot Rift SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seismic surface waves; mantle; New Madrid Seismic Zone ID NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; PHASE-VELOCITY; UNITED-STATES; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; STRESS-CONCENTRATION; SUBDUCTION ZONES; ANCIENT RIFT; WESTERN US; MODEL AB Using seismic surface waves recorded with Earthscope's Transportable Array, we apply surface wave imaging to determine 3D seismic velocity in the crust and uppermost mantle. Our images span several Proterozoic and early Cambrian rift zones (Mid-Continent Rift, Rough Creek Graben Rome trough, Birmingham trough, Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, and Reelfoot Rift). While ancient rifts are generally associated with low crustal velocity because of the presence of thick sedimentary sequences, the Reelfoot Rift is unique in its association with low mantle seismic velocity. Its mantle low-velocity zone (LVZ) is exceptionally pronounced and extends down to at least 200 km depth. This LVZ is of variable width, being relatively narrow (-50 km wide) within the northern Reelfoot Rift, which hosts the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). We hypothesize that this mantle volume is weaker than its surroundings and that the Reelfoot Rift consequently has relatively low elastic plate thickness, which would tend to concentrate tectonic stress within this zone. No other intraplate ancient rift zone is known to be associated with such a deep mantle low-velocity anomaly, which suggests that the NMSZ is more susceptible to external stress perturbations than other ancient rift zones. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov; mooney@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 402 SI SI BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.042 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO4VW UT WOS:000341340500017 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA Feucht, DW AF Bedrosian, Paul A. Feucht, Daniel W. TI Structure and tectonics of the northwestern United States from Earth Scope USArray magnetotelluric data SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetotellurics; EarthScope; USArray; tectonic evolution; Laurentian margin; Siletz terrane ID SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADES; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT TRACK; SIERRA-NEVADA; FORE-ARC; ASTHENOSPHERE INTERACTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; QUATERNARY FAULTS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; RANGE PROVINCE; OREGON AB The magnetotelluric component of the EarthScope USArray program has covered over 35% of the continental United States. Resistivity tomography models derived from these data image lithospheric structure and provide constraints on the distribution of fluids and melt within the lithosphere. We present a three-dimensional resistivity model of the northwestern United States which provides new insight into the tectonic assembly of western North America from the Archean to present. Comparison with seismic tomography models reveals regions of correlated and anti-correlated resistivity and velocity that help identify thermal and compositional variations within the lithosphere. Recent (Neogene) tectonic features reflected in the model include the subducting Juan de Fuca-Gorda plate which can be traced beneath the forearc to more than 100 km depth, high lithospheric conductivity along the Snake River Plain, and pronounced lower-crustal and upper-mantle conductivity beneath the Basin and Range. The latter is abruptly terminated to the northwest by the Klamath-Blue Mountains Lineament, which we interpret as an important structure during and since the Mesozoic assembly of the region. This boundary is interpreted to separate hot extended lithosphere from colder, less extended lithosphere. The western edge of Proterozoic North America, as indicated by the Cretaceous initial Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.706 contour, is clearly reflected in the resistivity model. We further image an Archean crustal block ("Pend Oreille block") straddling the Washington/Idaho border, which we speculate separated from the Archean Medicine Hat block in the Proterozoic. Finally, in the modern Cascades forearc, the geometry and internal structure of the Eocene Siletz terrane is reflected in the resistivity model. The apparent eastern edge of the Siletz terrane under the Cascades arc suggests that pre-Tertiary rocks fill the Washington and Oregon back-arc. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.; Feucht, Daniel W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Feucht, Daniel W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov NR 99 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 402 SI SI BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.035 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AO4VW UT WOS:000341340500028 ER PT J AU Kurth, VJ Bradford, JB Slesak, RA D'Amato, AW AF Kurth, Valerie J. Bradford, John B. Slesak, Robert A. D'Amato, Anthony W. TI Initial soil respiration response to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in aspen-dominated forests of the Great Lakes region SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest aggregate; Populus tremuloides; Slash retention; Stem-only harvest; Whole-tree harvest ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; CO2 EFFLUX; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PINE PLANTATION; CLEAR-CUT; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; COMPETING VEGETATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS AB Contemporary forest management practices are increasingly designed to optimize novel objectives, such as maximizing biomass feedstocks and/or maintaining ecological legacies, but many uncertainties exist regarding how these practices influence forest carbon (C) cycling. We examined the responses of soil respiration (R-s) to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in an effort to empirically assess their impacts on C cycling. We measured R-s and soil microclimatic variables over four growing seasons following implementation of these management practices using a fully replicated, operational-scale experiment in aspen-dominated forests in northern Minnesota. Treatments included three levels of biomass removal within harvested areas: whole-tree harvest (no slash deliberately retained), 20% slash retained, and stem-only harvest (all slash retained), and two levels of green-tree retention: 0.1 ha aggregate or none. The relative amount of biomass removed had a negligible effect on R-s in harvested areas, but treatment effects were probably obscured by heterogeneous slash configurations and rapid post-harvest regeneration of aspen in all of the treatments. Discrete measurements of R-s and soil temperature within green-tree aggregates were not discernible from surrounding harvested areas or unharvested control stands until the fourth year following harvest, when R-s was higher in unharvested controls than in aggregates and harvested stands. Growing season estimates of R-s showed that unharvested control stands had higher R-s than both harvested stands and aggregates in the first and third years following harvest. Our results suggest that retention of larger forest aggregates may be necessary to maintain ecosystem-level responses similar to those in unharvested stands. Moreover, they highlight the innate complexity of operational-scale research and suggest that the initial impacts of biomass harvest on R-s may be indiscernible from traditional harvest in systems where incidental breakage is high. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kurth, Valerie J.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Slesak, Robert A.] Minnesota Forest Resources Council, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kurth, VJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vjkurth@umn.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov; raslesak@umn.edu; damato@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Minnesota Forest Resources Council; USDA/DOE Biomass Research Development Initiative; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund FX We would like to express gratitude to the St. Louis County Land Department and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for providing field sites as well as administrative and technical support. This research was supported by the Minnesota Forest Resources Council, USDA/DOE Biomass Research Development Initiative, and Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund. We thank Josh Kragthorpe and Kirby Budrow for valuable logistical support, and we thank Jodi Forrester and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 328 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.052 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AO4VS UT WOS:000341340100036 ER PT J AU Tosi, F Capria, MT De Sanctis, MC Combe, JP Zambon, F Nathues, A Schroder, SE Li, JY Palomba, E Longobardo, A Blewett, DT Denevi, BW Palmer, E Capaccioni, F Ammannito, E Titus, TM Mittlefehldt, DW Sunshine, JM Russell, CT Raymond, CA AF Tosi, F. Capria, M. T. De Sanctis, M. C. Combe, J. -Ph Zambon, F. Nathues, A. Schroeder, S. E. Li, J. -Y. Palomba, E. Longobardo, A. Blewett, D. T. Denevi, B. W. Palmer, E. Capaccioni, F. Ammannito, E. Titus, T. M. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Sunshine, J. M. Russell, C. T. Raymond, C. A. CA Dawn VIR Team TI Thermal measurements of dark and bright surface features on Vesta as derived from Dawn/VIR SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids, surfaces; Asteroid Vesta; Spectrophotometry; Infrared observations ID ASTEROID 4 VESTA; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; FRAMING CAMERA; 21 LUTETIA; IMAGES; REGOLITH; SUBMILLIMETER; HETEROGENEITY; SPECTRA; SHAPE AB Remote sensing data acquired during Dawn's orbital mission at Vesta showed several local concentrations of high-albedo (bright) and low-albedo (dark) material units, in addition to spectrally distinct meteorite impact ejecta. The thermal behavior of such areas seen at local scale (1-10 km) is related to physical properties that can provide information about the origin of those materials. We use Dawn's Visible and Infra-Red (VIR) mapping spectrometer hyperspectral data to retrieve surface temperatures and emissivities, with high accuracy as long as temperatures are greater than 220 K. Some of the dark and bright features were observed multiple times by VIR in the various mission phases at variable spatial resolution, illumination and observation angles, local solar time, and heliocentric distance. This work presents the first temperature maps and spectral emissivities of several kilometer-scale dark and bright material units on Vesta. Results retrieved from the infrared data acquired by VIR show that bright regions generally correspond to regions with lower temperature, while dark regions correspond to areas with higher temperature. During maximum daily insolation and in the range of heliocentric distances explored by Dawn, i.e. 2.23-2.54 AU, the warmest dark unit found on Vesta rises to a temperature of 273 K, while bright units observed under comparable conditions do not exceed 266 K. Similarly, dark units appear to have higher emissivity on average compared to bright units. Dark-material units show a weak anticorrelation between temperature and albedo, whereas the relation is stronger for bright material units observed under the same conditions. Individual features may show either evanescent or distinct margins in the thermal images, as a consequence of the cohesion of the surface material. Finally, for the two categories of dark and bright materials, we were able to highlight the influence of heliocentric distance on surface temperatures, and estimate an average temperature rate change of 1% following a variation of 0.04 AU in the solar distance. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tosi, F.; Capria, M. T.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Zambon, F.; Palomba, E.; Longobardo, A.; Capaccioni, F.; Ammannito, E.] INAF IAPS Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Combe, J. -Ph] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Nathues, A.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Schroeder, S. E.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Li, J. -Y.; Palmer, E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Blewett, D. T.; Denevi, B. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Titus, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mittlefehldt, D. W.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Raymond, C. A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tosi, F (reprint author), INAF IAPS Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM federico.tosi@iaps.inaf.it RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Schroder, Stefan/D-9709-2013; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; OI Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Palomba, Ernesto/0000-0002-9101-6774; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Zambon, Francesca/0000-0002-4190-6592; Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Schroder, Stefan/0000-0003-0323-8324; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; capria, maria teresa/0000-0002-9814-9588; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-3463-4437 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI), ASI-INAF [I/004/12/0]; NASA Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist program FX This work was supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), ASI-INAF Contract I/004/12/0. The authors would like to thank the Dawn Science, Operation and Instrument Teams for a successful Dawn at Vesta mission. Several of the authors received support from the NASA Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist program. The VIR instrument was developed under the leadership of INAF, Italy's National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome. The instrument was built by SELEX-Galileo, Florence, Italy. We thank Sharon Uy for her assistance in revising the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. We warmly thank Robert Gaskell (PSI) for providing a detailed shape model of Vesta that was used in this work. Dawn datasets are publicly available at the Planetary Data System Small Bodies Node (http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/). The computational resources used in this research have been supplied by INAF-IAPS through the DataWell project. NR 57 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 240 SI SI BP 36 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.017 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2QY UT WOS:000341171500004 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Yule, DL Chernyak, SM Begnoche, LJ Berglund, EK Isaac, EJ AF Madenjian, Charles P. Yule, Daniel L. Chernyak, Sergei M. Begnoche, Linda J. Berglund, Eric K. Isaac, Edmund J. TI Males exceed females in PCB concentrations of cisco (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Activity; Consumption advisories; Gross growth efficiency; Lake herring; Planktivore; Standard metabolic rate ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; BURBOT LOTA-LOTA; SEXUAL DIFFERENCE; GREAT-LAKES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; FISH; POPULATION; DYNAMICS AB We determined whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations of 25 male and 25 female age-7 ciscoes (Coregonus artedi) captured from a spawning aggregation in Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, during November 2010. We also determined PCB concentrations in the ovaries and somatic tissue of five additional female ciscoes (ages 5-22). All 55 of these ciscoes were in ripe or nearly ripe condition. Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine the contribution of the growth dilution effect toward a difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes, as females grew substantially faster than males. Results showed that the PCB concentration of males (mean = 141 ng/g) was 43% greater than that of females (mean = 98 ng/g), and this difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Mean PCB concentrations in the ovaries and the somatic tissue of the five females were 135 and 100 ng/g, respectively. Based on these PCB determinations for the ovaries and somatic tissue, we concluded that release of eggs by females at previous spawnings was not a contributing factor to the observed difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect could explain males being higher than females in PCB concentration by only 3-7%. We concluded that the higher PCB concentration in males was most likely due to higher rate of energy expenditure, originating from greater activity and a higher resting metabolic rate. Mean PCB concentration in the cisco eggs was well below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Ontario Ministry of Environment guidelines of 2000 and 844 ng/g, respectively, and this finding may have implications for the cisco roe fishery currently operating in Lake Superior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Begnoche, Linda J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Chernyak, Sergei M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Berglund, Eric K.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit Lake Super, Thunder Bay, ON P7E 6S8, Canada. [Isaac, Edmund J.] Grand Portage Band Lake Super Chippewa, Portage, MN 55605 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov; dyule@usgs.gov; sergeic@umich.edu; lbegnoche@usgs.gov; eric.berglund@ontario.ca; ejisaac@boreal.org FU Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR); U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center FX The collection of ciscoes for this study was funded cooperatively with monies from the Canadian Ontario Agreement between the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) and the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. We thank the crew of the RN Kiyi for their help in the field, the many OMNR employees who participated in the field collections and the laboratory processing of the ciscoes, Jon Tost (North Shore Environmental Services) for aging the ciscoes, Lei Huang and Dongyan Sun (University of Michigan School of Public Health) for their assistance in homogenizing the fish tissues, and Candy Schrank (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) for reviewing a draft of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1856 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 493 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZH UT WOS:000340312000040 PM 24954559 ER PT J AU Ip, HS Wiley, MR Long, R Palacios, G Shearn-Bochsler, V Whitehouse, CA AF Ip, Hon S. Wiley, Michael R. Long, Renee Palacios, Gustavo Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Whitehouse, Chris A. TI Identification and characterization of Highlands J virus from a Mississippi sandhill crane using unbiased next-generation sequencing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Highlands J virus; Wildlife disease; Conservation; Pathogen discovery; Next-generation sequencing; Rapid identification ID EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; EGG-PRODUCTION; FLORIDA; ALPHAVIRUSES; MORTALITY; ANTIBODY; BIRDS AB Advances in massively parallel DNA sequencing platforms, commonly termed next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, have greatly reduced time, labor, and cost associated with DNA sequencing. Thus, NGS has become a routine tool for new viral pathogen discovery and will likely become the standard for routine laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases in the near future. This study demonstrated the application of NGS for the rapid identification and characterization of a virus isolated from the brain of an endangered Mississippi sandhill crane. This bird was part of a population restoration effort and was found in an emaciated state several days after Hurricane Isaac passed over the refuge in Mississippi in 2012. Post-mortem examination had identified trichostrongyliasis as the possible cause of death, but because a virus with morphology consistent with a togavirus was isolated from the brain of the bird, an arboviral etiology was strongly suspected. Because individual molecular assays for several known arboviruses were negative, unbiased NGS by Illumina MiSeq was used to definitively identify and characterize the causative viral agent. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the viral isolate to be the Highlands J virus, a known avian pathogen. This study demonstrates the use of unbiased NGS for the rapid detection and characterization of an unidentified viral pathogen and the application of this technology to wildlife disease diagnostics and conservation medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ip, Hon S.; Long, Renee; Whitehouse, Chris A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Wiley, Michael R.; Palacios, Gustavo; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie] United States Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ctr Genom Sci, Frederick, MD USA. RP Ip, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM hip@usgs.gov RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; Ip, Hon/0000-0003-4844-7533 FU Department of the Interior's Ecosystems Program; Genomics Center-High Speed Sequencing for Rapid Response and Countermeasure Development [1881290 CB2851 (TMTI0021_09_RD_T)] FX Work performed at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center was supported, in part, by funding from the Department of the Interior's Ecosystems Program. Work performed in the Genomics Center at USAMRIID was supported by 1881290 CB2851 (TMTI0021_09_RD_T) Genomics Center-High Speed Sequencing for Rapid Response and Countermeasure Development. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 206 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.05.01 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA AM9RQ UT WOS:000340219100007 PM 24880070 ER PT J AU Sadinski, W Roth, M Hayes, T Jones, P Gallant, A AF Sadinski, Walt Roth, Mark Hayes, Tyrone Jones, Perry Gallant, Alisa TI Indicators of the Statuses of Amphibian Populations and Their Potential for Exposure to Atrazine in Four Midwestern US Conservation Areas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; FROGS RANA-PIPIENS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; TREMATODE INFECTION; HABITAT LOSS; ABUNDANCE; FRAGMENTATION; CONTAMINANTS; DECLINES; TRENDS AB Extensive corn production in the midwestern United States has physically eliminated or fragmented vast areas of historical amphibian habitat. Midwestern corn farmers also apply large quantities of fertilizers and herbicides, which can cause direct and indirect effects on amphibians. Limited field research regarding the statuses of midwestern amphibian populations near areas of corn production has left resource managers, conservation planners, and other stakeholders needing more information to improve conservation strategies and management plans. We repeatedly sampled amphibians in wetlands in four conservation areas along a gradient of proximity to corn production in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin from 2002 to 2005 and estimated site occupancy. We measured frequencies of gross physical deformities in recent metamorphs and triazine concentrations in the water at breeding sites. We also measured trematode infection rates in kidneys of recently metamorphosed Lithobates pipiens collected from nine wetlands in 2003 and 2004. We detected all possible amphibian species in each study area. The amount of nearby row crops was limited in importance as a covariate for estimating site occupancy. We observed deformities in <5% of metamorphs sampled and proportions were not associated with triazine concentrations. Trematode infections were high in metamorphs from all sites we sampled, but not associated with site triazine concentrations, except perhaps for a subset of sites sampled in both years. We detected triazines more often and in higher concentrations in breeding wetlands closer to corn production. Triazine concentrations increased in floodplain wetlands as water levels rose after rainfall and were similar among lotic and lentic sites. Overall, our results suggest amphibian populations were not faring differently among these four conservation areas, regardless of their proximity to corn production, and that the ecological dynamics of atrazine exposure were complex. C1 [Sadinski, Walt; Roth, Mark] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Hayes, Tyrone] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lab Integrat Studies Amphibian Biol Mol Toxicol, Energy & Resources Grp, Museum Vertebrate Zool,Grp Endocrinol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, Tyrone] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jones, Perry] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN USA. [Gallant, Alisa] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Sadinski, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wsadinski@usgs.gov OI Roth, Mark/0000-0001-5095-1865 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; U.S. National Park Service's Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Program; Park Water Company; Mitchell Kapor Foundation; David Foundation; Cornell-Douglas Foundation, Global Wallace Fund; Class of '43 Endowed Chair and Biology Fellows Program at the University of California, Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; U.S. National Park Service's Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Program; Park Water Company; Mitchell Kapor Foundation; David Foundation; Cornell-Douglas Foundation, Global Wallace Fund; Class of '43 Endowed Chair and Biology Fellows Program at the University of California, Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 48 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 12 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e107018 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0107018 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0SM UT WOS:000341774300036 PM 25216249 ER PT J AU Collins, GH Petersen, SL Carr, CA Pielstick, L AF Collins, Gail H. Petersen, Steven L. Carr, Craig A. Pielstick, Leon TI Testing VHF/GPS Collar Design and Safety in the Study of Free-Roaming Horses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GPS COLLAR; HABITAT SELECTION; FERAL HORSES; PREDATION RISK; BOREAL FOREST; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; TRACKING; CATTLE; DEER AB Effective and safe monitoring techniques are needed by U. S. land managers to understand free-roaming horse behavior and habitat use and to aid in making informed management decisions. Global positioning system (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio collars can be used to provide high spatial and temporal resolution information for detecting free-roaming horse movement. GPS and VHF collars are a common tool used in wildlife management, but have rarely been used for free-roaming horse research and monitoring in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design, safety, and detachment device on GPS/VHF collars used to collect free-roaming horse location and movement data. Between 2009 and 2010, 28 domestic and feral horses were marked with commercial and custom designed VHF/GPS collars. Individual horses were evaluated for damage caused by the collar placement, and following initial observations, collar design was modified to reduce the potential for injury. After collar modifications, which included the addition of collar length adjustments to both sides of the collar allowing for better alignment of collar and neck shapes, adding foam padding to the custom collars to replicate the commercial collar foam padding, and repositioning the detachment device to reduce wear along the jowl, we observed little to no evidence of collar wear on horses. Neither custom-built nor commercial collars caused injury to study horses, however, most of the custom-built collars failed to collect data. During the evaluation of collar detachment devices, we had an 89% success rate of collar devices detaching correctly. This study showed that free-roaming horses can be safely marked with GPS and/or VHF collars with minimal risk of injury, and that these collars can be a useful tool for monitoring horses without creating a risk to horse health and wellness. C1 [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR USA. [Petersen, Steven L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Serv, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Carr, Craig A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Petersen, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Serv, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM Steven_Petersen@byu.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Roaring Springs Ranch, Oregon State University; Brigham Young University; Fish and Wildlife Service; BLM FX Research was funded and supported by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Roaring Springs Ranch, Oregon State University, and Brigham Young University. The Fish and Wildlife Service and BLM did provide funds for the purchase of the GPS collars. These funds were allocated through budgets for the purchase of this equipment. Those who provided the funds to Gail Collins were not involved in this study. Funding sources at Brigham Young University and Oregon State University had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e103189 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103189 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4JX UT WOS:000341304700003 PM 25198704 ER PT J AU Card, DC Schield, DR Reyes-Velasco, J Fujita, MK Andrew, AL Oyler-McCance, SJ Fike, JA Tomback, DF Ruggiero, RP Castoe, TA AF Card, Daren C. Schield, Drew R. Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo Fujita, Matthew K. Andrew, Audra L. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fike, Jennifer A. Tomback, Diana F. Ruggiero, Robert P. Castoe, Todd A. TI Two Low Coverage Bird Genomes and a Comparison of Reference-Guided versus De Novo Genome Assemblies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOMOMORPHIC SEX-CHROMOSOMES; GUNNISON SAGE-GROUSE; AVIAN GENOME; BLISTER RUST; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; REVEALS; DISCOVERY; DIVERGENCE; LANDSCAPES AB As a greater number and diversity of high-quality vertebrate reference genomes become available, it is increasingly feasible to use these references to guide new draft assemblies for related species. Reference-guided assembly approaches may substantially increase the contiguity and completeness of a new genome using only low levels of genome coverage that might otherwise be insufficient for de novo genome assembly. We used low-coverage (similar to 3.5-5.5x) Illumina paired-end sequencing to assemble draft genomes of two bird species (the Gunnison Sage-Grouse, Centrocercus minimus, and the Clark's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana). We used these data to estimate de novo genome assemblies and reference-guided assemblies, and compared the information content and completeness of these assemblies by comparing CEGMA gene set representation, repeat element content, simple sequence repeat content, and GC isochore structure among assemblies. Our results demonstrate that even lower-coverage genome sequencing projects are capable of producing informative and useful genomic resources, particularly through the use of reference-guided assemblies. C1 [Card, Daren C.; Schield, Drew R.; Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo; Fujita, Matthew K.; Andrew, Audra L.; Castoe, Todd A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Tomback, Diana F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Ruggiero, Robert P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA. RP Castoe, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM todd.castoe@uta.edu OI Card, Daren C./0000-0002-1629-5726 FU University of Texas at Arlington; CRISP Award; development funds (University of Colorado Denver) FX Support was provided from startup funds from the University of Texas at Arlington to TAC (computational analysis) and from a CRISP Award and development funds (University of Colorado Denver) to DFT and SJOM (data generation). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 5 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106649 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106649 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AZ1IR UT WOS:000347993600051 PM 25192061 ER PT J AU Curtis, JA Flint, LE Flint, AL Lundquist, JD Hudgens, B Boydston, EE Young, JK AF Curtis, Jennifer A. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Lundquist, Jessica D. Hudgens, Brian Boydston, Erin E. Young, Julie K. TI Incorporating Cold-Air Pooling into Downscaled Climate Models Increases Potential Refugia for Snow-Dependent Species within the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, CA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; RIVER-BASIN; CALIFORNIA; TEMPERATURE; WOLVERINE; ACCUMULATION; USA; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present a unique water-balance approach for modeling snowpack under historic, current and future climates throughout the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion. Our methodology uses a finer scale (270 m) than previous regional studies and incorporates cold-air pooling, an atmospheric process that sustains cooler temperatures in topographic depressions thereby mitigating snowmelt. Our results are intended to support management and conservation of snow-dependent species, which requires characterization of suitable habitat under current and future climates. We use the wolverine (Gulo gulo) as an example species and investigate potential habitat based on the depth and extent of spring snowpack within four National Park units with proposed wolverine reintroduction programs. Our estimates of change in spring snowpack conditions under current and future climates are consistent with recent studies that generally predict declining snowpack. However, model development at a finer scale and incorporation of cold-air pooling increased the persistence of April 1st snowpack. More specifically, incorporation of cold-air pooling into future climate projections increased April 1st snowpack by 6.5% when spatially averaged over the study region and the trajectory of declining April 1st snowpack reverses at mid-elevations where snow pack losses are mitigated by topographic shading and cold-air pooling. Under future climates with sustained or increased precipitation, our results indicate a high likelihood for the persistence of late spring snowpack at elevations above approximately 2,800 m and identify potential climate refugia sites for snow-dependent species at mid-elevations, where significant topographic shading and cold-air pooling potential exist. C1 [Curtis, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall, CA USA. [Lundquist, Jessica D.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hudgens, Brian] Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA USA. [Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Young, Julie K.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT USA. [Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Curtis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. EM jacurtis@usgs.gov FU Park Oriented Biologic Support; National Park Service; United States Geological Survey FX Funding provided by Park Oriented Biologic Support, a program funded jointly by the National Park Service and United States Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 4 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106984 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106984 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3XV UT WOS:000341271500103 PM 25188379 ER PT J AU Herring, G Eagles-Smith, CA Gawlik, DE Beerens, JM Ackerman, JT AF Herring, Garth Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Gawlik, Dale E. Beerens, James M. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Physiological Condition of Juvenile Wading Birds in Relation to Multiple Landscape Stressors in the Florida Everglades: Effects of Hydrology, Prey Availability, and Mercury Bioaccumulation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IBISES EUDOCIMUS-ALBUS; CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; ARDEA-ALBUS; GREAT EGRET; WHITE IBIS; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; PROTEINS; BLOOD AB The physiological condition of juvenile birds can be influenced by multiple ecological stressors, and few studies have concurrently considered the effects of environmental contaminants in combination with ecological attributes that can influence foraging conditions and prey availability. Using three temporally distinct indices of physiological condition, we compared the physiological response of nestling great egrets (Ardea alba) and white ibises (Eudocimus albus) to changing prey availability, hydrology (water depth, recession rate), and mercury exposure in the Florida Everglades. We found that the physiological response of chicks varied between species and among environmental variables. Chick body condition (short-term index) and fecal corticosterone levels (medium-term) were influenced by wetland water depth, prey availability, region, and age, but not by mercury contamination. However, mercury exposure did influence heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in egret chicks, indicating a longer-term physiological response to contamination. Our results indicate that the physiological condition of egret and ibis chicks were influenced by several environmental stressors, and the time frame of the effect may depend on the specialized foraging behavior of the adults provisioning the chicks. C1 [Herring, Garth; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Gawlik, Dale E.; Beerens, James M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov FU Fish and Wildlife Service [401815G028]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Financial or inkind support was provided by the U.S. This work received support from the Fish and Wildlife Service (grant/contract number: 401815G028) and U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106447 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106447 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3TB UT WOS:000341257700074 PM 25184221 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Scanlon, TM Lynch, JA Cosby, BJ AF Rice, Karen C. Scanlon, Todd M. Lynch, Jason A. Cosby, Bernard J. TI Decreased Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition across the Southeastern US: When Will Watersheds Release Stored Sulfate? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; WESTERN VIRGINIA; ADSORPTION; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEM; INPUTS; SITES AB Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the atmosphere lead to atmospheric deposition of sulfate (SO42-), which is the dominant strong acid anion causing acidification of surface waters and soils in the eastern United States. Since passage of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments, atmospheric deposition of SO2 in this region has declined by over 80%, but few corresponding decreases in streamwater SO42- concentrations have been observed in unglaciated watersheds. We calculated SO42- mass balances for 27 forested, unglaciated watersheds from Pennsylvania to Georgia, by using total atmospheric deposition (wet plus dry) as input. Many of these watersheds still retain SO42-, unlike their counterparts in the northeastern U.S. and southern Canada. Our analysis showed that many of these watersheds should convert from retaining to releasing SO42- over the next two decades. The specific years when the watersheds crossover from retaining to releasing SO42- correspond to a general geographical pattern of later net watershed release from north to south. The single most important variable that explained the crossover year was the runoff ratio, defined as the ratio of annual mean stream discharge to precipitation. Percent clay content and mean soil depth were secondary factors in predicting crossover year. The conversion of watersheds from net SO42- retention to release anticipates more widespread reductions in streamwater SO42- concentrations in this region. C1 [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Rice, Karen C.; Scanlon, Todd M.; Cosby, Bernard J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cosby, Bernard J.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kcrice@usgs.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 FU National Park Service (NPS); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); NSF [DEB-0823293] FX We thank James Shanley (USGS) and the three journal reviewers for helpful comments, which significantly improved the manuscript. We recognize the federal agencies that funded collection of data used in the analysis: National Park Service (NPS); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); and the site contacts who graciously shared data: Brent Aulenbach (USGS); James Lynch (PSU); Chelcy Miniat (USFS); Dean Tucker (NPS); Rick Webb (UVa.); and Frederica Wood (USFS). This paper has not been subjected to EPA peer and administrative review; therefore, the conclusions and opinions contained herein are solely those of the authors, and should not be construed to reflect the views of the EPA. Data provided by the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) were collected in the course of research supported by NSF award DEB-0823293 from the LTER to the Coweeta LTER at the University of Georgia. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or the University of Georgia. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 17 BP 10071 EP 10078 DI 10.1021/es501579s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO3KY UT WOS:000341229300018 PM 25046800 ER PT J AU Poulin, BA Ryan, JN Aiken, GR AF Poulin, Brett A. Ryan, Joseph N. Aiken, George R. TI Effects of Iron on Optical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION-EMISSION MATRIX; FULVIC ACID INTERACTIONS; PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OXIDATION-STATE; IONIC-STRENGTH AB Iron is a source of interference in the spectroscopic analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM); however, its effects on commonly employed ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) light adsorption and fluorescence measurements are poorly defined. Here, we describe the effects of iron(II) and iron(III) on the UV-vis absorption and fluorescence of solutions containing two DOM fractions and two surface water samples. In each case, regardless of DOM composition, UV-vis absorption increased linearly with increasing iron(III). Correction factors were derived using iron(Ill) absorption coefficients determined at wavelengths commonly used to characterize DOM. Iron(III) addition increased specific UV absorbances (SUVA) and decreased the absorption ratios (E-2:E-3) and spectral slope ratios (S-R) of DOM samples. Both iron(II) and iron(III) quenched DOM fluorescence at pH 6.7. The degree and region of fluorescence quenching varied with the iron:DOC concentration ratio, DOM composition, and pH. Regions of the fluorescence spectra associated with greater DOM conjugation were more susceptible to iron quenching, and DOM fluorescence indices were sensitive to the presence of both forms of iron. Analyses of the excitation-emission matrices using a 7- and 13-component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model showed low PARAFAC sensitivity to iron addition. C1 [Poulin, Brett A.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Department of Energy Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program [DE-SC0001766] FX We acknowledge K. Butler for assistance with sample analysis and data processing. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program and the Department of Energy Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (Grant DE-SC0001766). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 9 U2 153 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 17 BP 10098 EP 10106 DI 10.1021/es502670r PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO3KY UT WOS:000341229300021 PM 25084347 ER PT J AU Wesner, JS Kraus, JM Schmidt, TS Walters, DM Clements, WH AF Wesner, J. S. Kraus, J. M. Schmidt, T. S. Walters, D. M. Clements, W. H. TI Metamorphosis Enhances the Effects of Metal Exposure on the Mayfly, Centroptilum triangulifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMERGING AQUATIC INSECTS; LIFE-CYCLE TEST; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; TOXICITY TESTS; FOOD WEBS; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; STREAM; TERRESTRIAL; SUBSIDIES; EMERGENCE AB The response of larval aquatic insects to stressors such as metals is used to assess the ecological condition of streams worldwide. However, nearly all larval insects metamorphose from aquatic larvae to winged adults, and recent surveys indicate that adults may be a more sensitive indicator of stream metal toxicity than larvae. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that insects exposed to elevated metal in their larval stages have a reduced ability to successfully complete metamorphosis. To test this hypothesis we exposed late-instar larvae of the mayfly, Centroptilum triangulifer, to an aqueous Zn gradient (32-476 mu g/L) in the laboratory. After 6 days of exposure, when metamorphosis began, larval survival was unaffected by zinc. However, Zn reduced wingpad development at concentrations above 139 mu g/L. In contrast, emergence of subimagos and imagos tended to decline with any increase in Zn. At Zn concentrations below 105 mu g/L (hardness-adjusted aquatic life criterion), survival between the wingpad and subimago stages declined 5-fold across the Zn gradient. These results support the hypothesis that metamorphosis may be a survival bottleneck, particularly in contaminated streams. Thus, death during metamorphosis may be a key mechanism explaining how stream metal contamination can impact terrestrial communities by reducing aquatic insect emergence. C1 [Wesner, J. S.; Clements, W. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wesner, J. S.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Kraus, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kraus, J. M.; Schmidt, T. S.; Walters, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Wesner, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jeff.Wesner@usd.edu RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 FU Environmental Health program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Lauren Hargis, Grete Wilson-Henjum, and Adam Gerstenberger for assistance in water sampling and insect collection. This project was funded in part by the Environmental Health program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Comments by Dr. Joseph Suflita and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 17 BP 10415 EP 10422 DI 10.1021/es501914y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO3KY UT WOS:000341229300058 PM 25093980 ER PT J AU Wood, N Jones, J Schelling, J Schmidtlein, M AF Wood, Nathan Jones, Jeanne Schelling, John Schmidtlein, Mathew TI Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the US Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Vertical evacuation; Cascadia; Vulnerability ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS AB Tsunami vertical-evacuation (TVE) refuges can be effective risk-reduction options for coastal communities with local tsunami threats but no accessible high ground for evacuations. Deciding where to locate TVE refuges is a complex risk-management question, given the potential for conflicting stakeholder priorities and multiple, suitable sites. We use the coastal community of Ocean Shores (Washington, USA) and the local tsunami threat posed by Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes as a case study to explore the use of geospatial, multi-criteria decision analysis for framing the locational problem of TVE siting. We demonstrate a mixed-methods approach that uses potential TVE sites identified at community workshops, geospatial analysis to model changes in pedestrian evacuation times for TVE options, and statistical analysis to develop metrics for comparing population tradeoffs and to examine influences in decision making. Results demonstrate that no one TVE site can save all at-risk individuals in the community and each site provides varying benefits to residents, employees, customers at local stores, tourists at public venues, children at schools, and other vulnerable populations. The benefit of some proposed sites varies depending on whether or not nearby bridges will be functioning after the preceding earthquake. Relative rankings of the TVE sites are fairly stable under various criteria-weighting scenarios but do vary considerably when comparing strategies to exclusively protect tourists or residents. The proposed geospatial framework can serve as an analytical foundation for future TVE siting discussions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Jones, Jeanne] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schelling, John] State Washington Mil Dept, Emergency Management Div, Camp Murray, WA 98430 USA. [Schmidtlein, Mathew] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Wood, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; jmjones@usgs.gov; John.Schelling@mil.wa.gov; schmidtlein@csus.edu OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program. We thank Mara Tongue of the USGS, Peter Howe of Utah State University, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article, Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-4209 J9 INT J DISAST RISK RE JI Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CM5MW UT WOS:000357733200007 ER PT J AU Brubaker, DR Kovach, AI Ducey, MJ Jakubas, WJ O'Brien, KM AF Brubaker, Daniel R. Kovach, Adrienne I. Ducey, Mark J. Jakubas, Walter J. O'Brien, Kathleen M. TI Factors Influencing Detection in Occupancy Surveys of a Threatened Lagomorph SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE detection; lagomorph; monitoring; New England cottontail; occupancy; patch; Sylvilagus transitionalis ID NEW-ENGLAND COTTONTAILS; RABBITS ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EARLY-SUCCESSIONAL FORESTS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; REMNANT POPULATIONS; SPOTLIGHT COUNTS; PATCH OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE AB Successful recovery of populations of rare and cryptic species requires accurate monitoring of changes in their distribution and densities, which in turn necessitates considering detection rates. Development of population monitoring protocols is needed to aid recovery of the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis; currently the top-priority Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the northeastern United States), which lives in dense shrubby habitat and is difficult to detect. To address this need, we conducted repeated, systematic, presence-absence surveys to determine patch-specific detection probabilities and factors influencing detection of the New England cottontail. We surveyed cottontails during 2-6 visits on 30 sites with known occupancy in the northeastern United States during the winters of 2010 and 2011. For each survey visit, we determined whether cottontails were detected by the presence of fecal pellets on fresh fallen snow and subsequent species identification by genetic analysis. Detection probabilities were modeled in Program PRESENCE to explore the influence of snow condition and depth, temperature, wind, number of pellet deposition days, woody stem density, patch size, and search effort. The overall probability of detecting a New England cottontail during a single survey visit was 0.73. The most influential factor in detection was prior knowledge of site-specific cottontail activity. Snow depth <30.5 cm and the number of days without high winds following a snowfall had a positive influence on detection. Patch size had a negative effect on detection when surveys were restricted to 20 minutes. In the absence of prior knowledge, 2-3 surveys conducted with snowpack < 30.5 cm and 2-4 days after a snowfall without high wind should yield reliable occupancy status with 95% confidence in detection. Incorporating our recommendations into monitoring programs will improve the accuracy of patch-specific occupancy data for New England cottontail. Our approach and findings may be applicable to monitoring other rare, cryptic, or threatened species that occupy dense habitats, especially where patch-level occupancy knowledge is required. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Brubaker, Daniel R.; Kovach, Adrienne I.; Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jakubas, Walter J.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Brubaker, DR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 115 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM adrienne.kovach@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; State Wildlife Grants; Pittman-Robertson Funds; Wildlife Management Institute; Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Regional Conservation Needs Grant [2009-04]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, State Wildlife Grants, Pittman-Robertson Funds, Wildlife Management Institute, Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Regional Conservation Needs Grant no. 2009-04, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. A. Tur, S. Fuller, K. Boland, and L. Fenderson provided advice in protocol design, site selection, and logistical support. We thank J. Litvaitis and I. Hanley for input on stem density protocols and J. Litvaitis for discussions about closure and cottontail ecology. We are grateful to P. Novak, G. Walters, H. Holman, H. Kilpatrick, T. Goodie, K. Boland, K. Vagos, and the many technicians and volunteers who helped with surveys. A. Butler, B. Foley, M. Miatkowski, and K. Papanastassiou helped with DNA extractions. We also thank K. Papanastassiou for help with Figure 1. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable insight that improved this manuscript. The findings and the conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This is Scientific Contribution Number 2547 of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 513 EP 523 DI 10.1002/wsb.416 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9QW UT WOS:000351434000011 ER PT J AU Kesler, DC Raedeke, AH Foggia, JR Beatty, WS Webb, EB Humburg, DD Naylor, LW AF Kesler, Dylan C. Raedeke, Andrew H. Foggia, Jennifer R. Beatty, William S. Webb, Elisabeth B. Humburg, Dale D. Naylor, Luke W. TI Effects of Satellite Transmitters on Captive and Wild Mallards SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; behavior; body condition; harness; mallard; movement; satellite telemetry ID RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; FEMALE MALLARDS; BODY-MASS; ATTACHMENT TECHNIQUES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; SPRING MIGRATION; PREBASIC MOLT; SURVIVAL; HARNESS; TELEMETRY AB Satellite telemetry has become a leading method for studying large-scale movements and survival in birds, yet few have addressed potential effects of the larger and heavier tracking equipment on study subjects. We simultaneously evaluated effects of satellite telemetry equipment on captive and wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to assess impacts on behavior, body mass, and movement. We randomly assigned 55 captive ducks to one of 3 treatment groups, including a standard body harness group, a modified harness group, and a control group. Ducks in the control group were not fitted with equipment, whereas individuals in the other 2 groups were fitted with dummy transmitters attached with a Teflon ribbon harness or with a similar harness constructed of nylon cord. At the conclusion of the 14-week captive study, mean body mass of birds in the control group was 40-105 g (95% CI) greater than birds with standard harnesses, and 28-99 g (95% CI) greater than birds with modified harnesses. Further, results of focal behavior observations indicated ducks with transmitters were less likely to be in water than control birds. We also tested whether movements of wild birds marked with a similar Teflon harness satellite transmitter aligned with population movements reported by on-the-ground observers who indexed local abundances of mid-continent mallards throughout the non-breeding period. Results indicated birds marked with satellite transmitters moved concurrently with the larger unmarked population. Our results have broad implications for field research and suggest that investigators should consider potential for physiological and behavioral effects brought about by tracking equipment. Nonetheless, results from wild ducks indicate satellite telemetry has the potential to provide useful movement data. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Kesler, Dylan C.; Foggia, Jennifer R.; Beatty, William S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Raedeke, Andrew H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Humburg, Dale D.] Ducks Unltd, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. [Naylor, Luke W.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Kesler, DC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 1105 E Rollins St, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM keslerd@missouri.edu OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We appreciate everyone who assisted with capture, handling, and the application of transmitters, and management of captive birds, including K. Gardner, F. Nelson, R. Theis, J.P. Fairhead, J. Jackson, J. Pagan, R. Malecki, and D. Kostersky. We thank T. Bixler, who provided information on the Mallard Migration Observation Network. We very much appreciate helpful comments from 2 anonymous reviewers, C. Boal, and Associate Editor D. Haukos. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1002/wsb.437 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9QW UT WOS:000351434000016 ER PT J AU Pagano, AM Amundson, CL Pieron, MR Arnold, TW Kimmel, TC AF Pagano, Anthony M. Amundson, Courtney L. Pieron, Matthew R. Arnold, Todd W. Kimmel, Timothy C. TI Using Sightability-Adjusted Brood-Pair Ratios to Estimate Waterfowl Productivity SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE brood-pair ratio; brood surveys; detection probability; mark-recapture; nest success; North Dakota; predator reduction; roadside survey; waterfowl production ID NORTH-DAKOTA; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; PREDATOR REDUCTION; DUCKLING SURVIVAL; UNIFIED APPROACH; MARKED ANIMALS; NEST SUCCESS; SASKATCHEWAN; MALLARDS AB Historically, biologists used brood-pair ratios (BPRs) as an index to waterfowl productivity to help guide management decisions and evaluate conservation practices. However, BPRs are biased by imperfect detection probabilities, especially for broods. We conducted roadside surveys for breeding waterfowl pairs on 7-8 study sites in the springs of 2006-2008 in northeastern North Dakota, USA. Later each year, we conducted replicate counts of broods on the same wetlands and used mark-recapture methods to estimate sightability-adjusted BPRs (SA-BPRs). Traditional roadside brood surveys detected only 30-45% of the available broods, depending on species. We explored the potential for using SA-BPRs to measure hen success (i.e., the probability a female hatches >= 1 egg across all nesting attempts) for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and other upland-nesting dabbling ducks (Anas spp.). We found that SA-BPRs explained 40% of the variation in hen success over 5 species of dabbling ducks, and we were able to detect an effect of predator reduction on hen success in combined dabblers, but not in mallards alone. However, we found no relationship between SA-BPRs and mallard fledging rates (hen success x initial brood size x duckling survival). Our results suggest that SA-BPRs can provide a cost-effective alternative to traditional measures of productivity such as nesting success, but not to measures of duckling survival. Nevertheless, SA-BPRs may be useful in areas where traditional measures of waterfowl productivity are logistically or financially challenging. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Pagano, Anthony M.; Amundson, Courtney L.; Arnold, Todd W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pieron, Matthew R.; Kimmel, Timothy C.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pagano, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM apagano@usgs.gov OI Pagano, Anthony/0000-0003-2176-0909 FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation; University of Minnesota; Louisiana State University FX Our research was funded by the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Additional funding was provided by the University of Minnesota and Louisiana State University. We would especially like to thank F. Rohwer and L. Loos for their support. We greatly appreciate the hard work of over 60 field technicians who helped with data collection. We thank the private landowners who allowed us to access and work on their land. Logistical support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Devils Lake Wetland Management District, especially R. Hollevoet and C. Dixon. The North Dakota Game and Fish Department, and Kulm, Devils Lake, and Audubon Wetland Management Districts provided all-terrain vehicles for nest searching. Our research was approved under the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol Number AE-05-06 and University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care (Permit no. 0512A78586). Predator removal and nest searching on Waterfowl Production Areas and National Wildlife Refuges were approved through USFWS special use permits DLWMD-05-008 and 62514-06-008. D. Andersen, C. Ely, J. Giudice, D. Johnson, W. Johnson, L. Webb, and one anonymous reviewer provided valuable input on earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 566 EP 573 DI 10.1002/wsb.422 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9QW UT WOS:000351434000017 ER PT J AU Clark, DE Koenen, KKG Mackenzie, KG Pereira, JW DeStefano, S AF Clark, Daniel E. Koenen, Kiana K. G. Mackenzie, Kenneth G. Pereira, Jillian W. DeStefano, Stephen TI Evaluation of a Net Launcher for Capturing Urban Gulls SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE capture; gulls; net launcher; urban birds; winter ID RING-BILLED GULLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SILVER GULLS; SHOREBIRDS; COLONY; AREAS; WATER AB The capture of birds is a common part of many avian studies but often requires large investments of time and resources. We developed a novel technique for capturing gulls during the non-breeding season using a net launcher that was effective and efficient. The technique can be used in a variety of habitats and situations, including urban areas. Using this technique, we captured 1,326 gulls in 125 capture events from 2008 to 2012 in Massachusetts, USA. On average, 10 ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis; range = 1-37) were captured per trapping event. Capture rate (the number of birds captured per trapping event) was influenced by the type of bait used and also the time of the year (greatest in autumn, lowest in winter). Our capture technique could be adapted to catch a variety of urban or suburban birds and mammals that are attracted to bait. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Clark, Daniel E.; Koenen, Kiana K. G.; Mackenzie, Kenneth G.; Pereira, Jillian W.] Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Clark, DE (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 180 Beaman St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. EM dan.clark@state.ma.us FU Massachusetts Division of Water Supply Protection, Department of Conservation and Recreation FX We thank J. Ellis for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript; C. Gray for his knowledge and expertise on designing and operating the Coda net launcher; and A. Donelan, K. Gillman, Y. Laskaris, and J. Rasmus for help in catching gulls. The Massachusetts Division of Water Supply Protection, Department of Conservation and Recreation provided funding for this research. Use of trade names does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.1002/wsb.435 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9QW UT WOS:000351434000023 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Teisberg, JE Fortin, JK Haroldson, MA Servheen, C Robbins, CT van Manen, FT AF Schwartz, Charles C. Teisberg, Justin E. Fortin, Jennifer K. Haroldson, Mark A. Servheen, Christopher Robbins, Charles T. van Manen, Frank T. TI Use of Isotopic Sulfur to Determine Whitebark Pine Consumption by Yellowstone Bears: A Reassessment SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE American black bear; grizzly bear; stable isotopes; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE; GRIZZLY BEARS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ECOSYSTEM; MORTALITY AB Use of naturally occurring stable isotopes to estimate assimilated diet of bears is one of the single greatest breakthroughs in nutritional ecology during the past 20 years. Previous research in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), USA, established a positive relationship between the stable isotope of sulfur (delta S-34) and consumption of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds. That work combined a limited sample of hair, blood clots, and serum. Here we use a much larger sample to reassess those findings. We contrasted delta S-34 values in spring hair and serum with abundance of seeds of whitebark pine in samples collected from grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) in the GYE during 2000-2010. Although we found a positive relationship between delta S-34 values in spring hair and pine seed abundance for grizzly bears, the coefficients of determination were small (R-2 <= 0.097); we failed to find a similar relationship with black bears. Values of delta S-34 in spring hair were larger in black bears and delta S-34 values in serum of grizzly bears were lowest in September and October, a time when we expect delta S-34 to peak if whitebark pine seeds were the sole source of high delta S-34. The relationship between delta S-34 in bear tissue and the consumption of whitebark pine seeds, as originally reported, may not be as clean a method as proposed. Data we present here suggest other foods have high values of delta S-34, and there is spatial heterogeneity affecting the delta S-34 values in whitebark pine, which must be addressed. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.; van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Teisberg, Justin E.; Fortin, Jennifer K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM cschwartzconsulting@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey (Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team); Washington State University Bear Center; Wyoming Game and Fish, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Idaho Fish and Game; Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources at Yellowstone National Park; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team), Washington State University Bear Center, Wyoming Game and Fish, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Idaho Fish and Game, Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources at Yellowstone National Park, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank D. S. Moody, J. J. Jonkel, K. D. Inberg, B. O. Schleyer, C. A. Dickinson, M. J. Lamoreux, M. A. Ternent, M. J. Biel, G. W. Holm, C. L. Whitman, J. F. Smith, J. Ball, S. Thompson, D. W. Blanton, C. B. McQueary, D. D. Bjornlie, R. G. Grogan, and S. L. Cain for assistance with bear capture and handling. We thank personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and Idaho Fish and Game who helped collect the whitebark pine cone production data. We thank M. F. Mahalovich for her review of an earlier draft of the manuscript as part of the U. S. Geological Survey's Fundamental Science Practices. This study complied with current laws of the United States of America, was conducted in accordance with animal care and use guidelines, and was approved by the U.S. Geological Survey Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 664 EP 670 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9QW UT WOS:000351434000031 ER PT J AU Eberts, SM AF Eberts, Sandra M. TI If Groundwater Is Contaminated, Will Water from the Well Be Contaminated? SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-TRACKING; VULNERABILITY; PROTECTION; AGE C1 US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Eberts, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM smeberts@usgs.gov OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1111/gwat.12260 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300002 PM 25139039 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Jurgens, BC Uselmann, DJ Eberts, SM AF Boehlke, J. K. Jurgens, Bryant C. Uselmann, David J. Eberts, Sandra M. TI Educational Webtool Illustrating Groundwater Age Effects on Contaminant Trends in Wells SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Uselmann, David J.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1111/gwat.12261 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300003 PM 25168088 ER PT J AU Bexfield, LM Jurgens, BC AF Bexfield, Laura M. Jurgens, Bryant C. TI Effects of Seasonal Operation on the Quality of Water Produced by Public-Supply Wells SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-TRACKING; VULNERABILITY; CONTAMINATION; AQUIFER; H-3/HE-3; URANIUM; FLOW; USA AB Seasonal variability in groundwater pumping is common in many places, but resulting effects of seasonal pumping stress on the quality of water produced by public-supply wells are not thoroughly understood. Analysis of historical water-quality samples from public-supply wells completed in deep basin-fill aquifers in Modesto, California (134 wells) and Albuquerque, New Mexico (95 wells) indicates that several wells have seasonal variability in concentrations of contaminants of concern. In Modesto, supply wells are more likely to produce younger groundwater with higher nitrate and uranium concentrations during the summer (high) pumping season than during the winter (low) pumping season. In Albuquerque, supply wells are more likely to produce older groundwater with higher arsenic concentrations during the winter pumping season than during the summer pumping season. Seasonal variability in contaminant concentrations in Modesto is influenced primarily by effects of summer pumping on vertical hydraulic gradients that drive migration of shallow groundwater through the aquifer to supply wells. Variability in Albuquerque is influenced primarily by the period of time that a supply well is idle, allowing its wellbore to act as a conduit for vertical groundwater flow and contaminant migration. However, both processes are observed in each study area. Similar findings would appear to be likely in other alluvial basins with stratified water quality and substantial vertical head gradients. Results suggest that even in aquifers dominated by old groundwater, changes to seasonal pumping patterns and/or to depth of well completion can help reduce vulnerability to selected contaminants of either natural or anthropogenic origin. C1 [Bexfield, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Bexfield, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5338 Montgomery Blvd NE,Suite 400, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM bexfield@usgs.gov; bjurgens@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment program FX This work was funded by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment program's study of the Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells. The study would not have been possible without the support and assistance of the City of Modesto and the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority. The authors also thank Sandra Eberts and Matthew Landon of the USGS and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1111/gwat.12174 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300004 PM 24593780 ER PT J AU Jurgens, BC Bexfield, LM Eberts, SM AF Jurgens, Bryant C. Bexfield, Laura M. Eberts, Sandra M. TI A Ternary Age-Mixing Model to Explain Contaminant Occurrence in a Deep Supply Well SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID ADVECTIVE-DISPERSIVE SYSTEMS; TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; GROUNDWATER AGE; RESERVOIR THEORY; SUNSPOT ACTIVITY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; TRACERS; CALIBRATION; USA; VULNERABILITY AB The age distribution of water from a public-supply well in a deep alluvial aquifer was estimated and used to help explain arsenic variability in the water. The age distribution was computed using a ternary mixing model that combines three lumped parameter models of advection-dispersion transport of environmental tracers, which represent relatively recent recharge (post-1950s) containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), old intermediate depth groundwater (about 6500 years) that was free of drinking-water contaminants, and very old, deep groundwater (more than 21,000 years) containing arsenic above the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 10 mu g/L. The ternary mixing model was calibrated to tritium, chloroflorocarbon-113, and carbon-14 (C-14) concentrations that were measured in water samples collected on multiple occasions. Variability in atmospheric C-14 over the past 50,000 years was accounted for in the interpretation of C-14 as a tracer. Calibrated ternary models indicate the fraction of deep, very old groundwater entering the well varies substantially throughout the year and was highest following long periods of nonoperation or infrequent operation, which occured during the winter season when water demand was low. The fraction of young water entering the well was about 11% during the summer when pumping peaked to meet water demand and about 3% to 6% during the winter months. This paper demonstrates how collection of multiple tracers can be used in combination with simplified models of fluid flow to estimate the age distribution and thus fraction of contaminated groundwater reaching a supply well under different pumping conditions. C1 [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Bexfield, Laura M.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Jurgens, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bjurgens@usgs.gov; bexfield@usgs.gov; smeberts@usgs.gov OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX This work was funded by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The authors would like to thank Andrew H. Manning, Matt Becker, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1111/gwat.12170 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300005 PM 24597520 ER PT J AU Starn, JJ Green, CT Hinkle, SR Bagtzoglou, AC Stolp, BJ AF Starn, J. Jeffrey Green, Christopher T. Hinkle, Stephen R. Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. Stolp, Bernard J. TI Simulating Water-Quality Trends in Public-Supply Wells in Transient Flow Systems SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; MODELS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AQUIFER; AGE AB Models need not be complex to be useful. An existing groundwater-flow model of Salt Lake Valley, Utah, was adapted for use with convolution-based advective particle tracking to explain broad spatial trends in dissolved solids. This model supports the hypothesis that water produced from wells is increasingly younger with higher proportions of surface sources as pumping changes in the basin over time. At individual wells, however, predicting specific water-quality changes remains challenging. The influence of pumping-induced transient groundwater flow on changes in mean age and source areas is significant. Mean age and source areas were mapped across the model domain to extend the results from observation wells to the entire aquifer to see where changes in concentrations of dissolved solids are expected to occur. The timing of these changes depends on accurate estimates of groundwater velocity. Calibration to tritium concentrations was used to estimate effective porosity and improve correlation between source area changes, age changes, and measured dissolved solids trends. Uncertainty in the model is due in part to spatial and temporal variations in tracer inputs, estimated tracer transport parameters, and in pumping stresses at sampling points. For tracers such as tritium, the presence of two-limbed input curves can be problematic because a single concentration can be associated with multiple disparate travel times. These shortcomings can be ameliorated by adding hydrologic and geologic detail to the model and by adding additional calibration data. However, the Salt Lake Valley model is useful even without such small-scale detail. C1 [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hinkle, Stephen R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Stolp, Bernard J.] US Geol Survey, West Valley City, UT 84119 USA. RP Starn, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM jjstarn@usgs.gov; ctgreen@usgs.gov; srhinkle@usgs.gov; acb@engr.uconn.edu; bjstolp@usgs.gov OI Starn, Jon/0000-0001-5909-0010 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1111/gwat.12230 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300007 ER PT J AU Musgrove, M Katz, BG Fahlquist, LS Crandall, CA Lindgren, RJ AF Musgrove, MaryLynn Katz, Brian G. Fahlquist, Lynne S. Crandall, Christy A. Lindgren, Richard J. TI Factors Affecting Public-Supply Well Vulnerability in Two Karst Aquifers SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; GROUNDWATER-AGE; EDWARDS AQUIFER; CONTAMINATION; VARIABILITY; LIMESTONE; WATERS; USA AB Karst aquifers occur in a range of climatic and geologic settings. Nonetheless, they are commonly characterized by their vulnerability to water-quality impairment. Two karst aquifers, the Edwards aquifer in south-central Texas and the Upper Floridan aquifer in western Florida, were investigated to assess factors that control the movement of contaminants to public-supply wells (PSWs). The geochemistry of samples from a selected PSW or wellfield in each aquifer was compared with that from nearby monitoring wells and regional PSWs. Geochemistry results were integrated with age tracers, flow modeling, and depth-dependent data to refine aquifer conceptual models and to identify factors that affect contaminant movement to PSWs. The oxic Edwards aquifer is vertically well mixed at the selected PSW/wellfield, although regionally the aquifer is geochemically variable downdip. The mostly anoxic Upper Floridan aquifer is affected by denitrification and also is geochemically variable with depth. In spite of considerable differences in geology and hydrogeology, the two aquifers are similarly vulnerable to anthropogenic contamination. Vulnerability in studied PSWs in both aquifers is strongly influenced by rapid karst flowpaths and the dominance of young (< 10 years) groundwater. Vulnerability was demonstrated by the frequent detection of similar constituents of concern in both aquifers (nitrate, atrazine, deethylatrazine, tetrachloroethene, and chloroform). Specific consideration of water-quality protection efforts, well construction and placement, and aquifer response times to land-use changes and contaminant loading are discussed, with implications for karst groundwater management. C1 [Musgrove, MaryLynn] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Katz, Brian G.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Fahlquist, Lynne S.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Crandall, Christy A.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Lindgren, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Musgrove, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM mmusgrov@usgs.gov OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864 NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1111/gwat.12201 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300008 PM 24841501 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Kauffman, LJ Widdowson, MA AF Chapelle, Francis H. Kauffman, Leon J. Widdowson, Mark A. TI Modeling the Effects of Naturally Occurring Organic Carbon on Chlorinated Ethene Transport to a Public Supply Well SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID MATTER; SEDIMENTS; ADSORPTION; FRACTIONS; SOILS; OXIDE AB The vulnerability of public supply wells to chlorinated ethene (CE) contamination in part depends on the availability of naturally occurring organic carbon to consume dissolved oxygen (DO) and initiate reductive dechlorination. This was quantified by building a mass balance model of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer, which is widely used for public water supply in New Jersey. This model was built by telescoping a calibrated regional three-dimensional (3D) MODFLOW model to the approximate capture zone of a single public supply well that has a history of CE contamination. This local model was then used to compute a mass balance between dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and adsorbed organic carbon (AOC) that act as electron donors and DO, CEs, ferric iron, and sulfate that act as electron acceptors (EAs) using the Sequential Electron Acceptor Model in three dimensions (SEAM3D) code. SEAM3D was constrained by varying concentrations of DO and DOC entering the aquifer via recharge, varying the bioavailable fraction of POC in aquifer sediments, and comparing observed and simulated vertical concentration profiles of DO and DOC. This procedure suggests that approximately 15% of the POC present in aquifer materials is readily bioavailable. Model simulations indicate that transport of perchloroethene (PCE) and its daughter products trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) to the public supply well is highly sensitive to the assumed bioavailable fraction of POC, concentrations of DO entering the aquifer with recharge, and the position of simulated PCE source areas in the flow field. The results are less sensitive to assumed concentrations of DOC in aquifer recharge. The mass balance approach used in this study also indicates that hydrodynamic processes such as advective mixing, dispersion, and sorption account for a significant amount of the observed natural attenuation in this system. C1 [Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Kauffman, Leon J.] US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59601 USA. [Widdowson, Mark A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Mark Widdowson should be contacted concerning the availability of SEAM3D. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 76 EP 89 DI 10.1111/gwat.12152 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300009 PM 24372440 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF Leake, SA AF Konikow, L. F. Leake, S. A. TI Depletion and Capture: Revisiting "The Source of Water Derived from Wells'' SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; YIELD; FLOW; TIME AB A natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals is the removal of water from subsurface storage, but the overall rates and magnitude of groundwater depletion and capture relative to groundwater withdrawals (extraction or pumpage) have not previously been well characterized. This study assesses the partitioning of long-term cumulative withdrawal volumes into fractions derived from storage depletion and capture, where capture includes both increases in recharge and decreases in discharge. Numerical simulation of a hypothetical groundwater basin is used to further illustrate some of Theis' (1940) principles, particularly when capture is constrained by insufficient available water. Most prior studies of depletion and capture have assumed that capture is unconstrained through boundary conditions that yield linear responses. Examination of real systems indicates that capture and depletion fractions are highly variable in time and space. For a large sample of long-developed groundwater systems, the depletion fraction averages about 0.15 and the capture fraction averages about 0.85 based on cumulative volumes. Higher depletion fractions tend to occur in more arid regions, but the variation is high and the correlation coefficient between average annual precipitation and depletion fraction for individual systems is only 0.40. Because 85% of long-term pumpage is derived from capture in these real systems, capture must be recognized as a critical factor in assessing water budgets, groundwater storage depletion, and sustainability of groundwater development. Most capture translates into streamflow depletion, so it can detrimentally impact ecosystems. C1 [Konikow, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Leake, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov; saleake@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1111/gwat.12204 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300011 PM 24890464 ER PT J AU Stahl, MO Ong, JB Harvey, CF Johnson, CD Badruzzaman, ABM Tarek, MH van Geen, A Anderson, JA Lane, JW AF Stahl, M. O. Ong, J. B. Harvey, C. F. Johnson, C. D. Badruzzaman, A. B. M. Tarek, M. H. van Geen, A. Anderson, J. A. Lane, J. W. TI Detecting Well Casing Leaks in Bangladesh Using a Salt Spiking Method SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID WEST-BENGAL; GROUNDWATER AB We apply fluid-replacement logging in arsenic-contaminated regions of Bangladesh using a low-cost, down-well fluid conductivity logging tool to detect leaks in the cased section of wells. The fluid-conductivity tool is designed for the developing world: it is lightweight and easily transportable, operable by one person, and can be built for minimal cost. The fluid-replacement test identifies leaking casing by comparison of fluid conductivity logs collected before and after spiking the wellbore with a sodium chloride tracer. Here, we present results of fluid-replacement logging tests from both leaking and non-leaking casing from wells in Araihazar and Munshiganj, Bangladesh, and demonstrate that the low-cost tool produces measurements comparable to those obtained with a standard geophysical logging tool. Finally, we suggest well testing procedures and approaches for preventing casing leaks in Bangladesh and other developing countries. C1 [Stahl, M. O.; Harvey, C. F.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ong, J. B.; Johnson, C. D.; Lane, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Badruzzaman, A. B. M.; Tarek, M. H.] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [van Geen, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Anderson, J. A.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 10964 USA. RP Lane, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jwlane@usgs.gov FU National Institutes of Health [P42ES016454]; National Science Foundation; USGS; Fulbright Specialist Program FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health under grant P42ES016454 and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The work by J.B.O. was done while serving as a volunteer with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS authors acknowledge support from the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and a grant from the Fulbright Specialist Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1111/gwat.12200 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300019 PM 24898169 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA AF Izbicki, John A. TI Fate of Nutrients in Shallow Groundwater Receiving Treated Septage, Malibu, CA SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; SANDY AQUIFER; TROPHIC STATE; NITRATE; OXYGEN; DENITRIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENTS; HYDROGEN AB Treated wastewater discharged from more than 400 onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) near the Civic Center area of Malibu, California, 40 km west of downtown Los Angeles, composes 28% of the recharge to a 3.4 km(2) alluvial aquifer. On the basis of delta O-18 and dD data, the fraction of wastewater in some samples was > 70%. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations in water from 15 water-table wells sampled in July 2009 and April 2010 ranged from < 0.01 to 12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L as N), and from < 0.01 to 11 mg/L as N, respectively. Chemical and isotopic data (delta N-15 of ammonium and nitrate, and delta O-18 of nitrate) show two processes remove nitrogen discharged from OWTS. Where groundwater was reducing, sorption of ammonium resulted in 30 to 50% nitrogen removal. Where groundwater was initially oxic, nitrification with subsequent denitrification as reducing conditions developed, resulted in up to 60% nitrogen removal. Nitrogen removal through sorption dominated during the cooler April sample period, and denitrification dominated during the warmer July sample period. The combination of mixing and nitrogen removal due to denitrification, sorption, and volatilization produces a delta N-15 apparent fractionation factor (epsilon(app)=-5), that can be explained using laboratory-derived fractionation factors (epsilon) for the individual processes. Phosphate concentrations ranged from< 0.04 to 2mg/L as phosphorous. Sorption to iron oxides on the surfaces of mineral grains at near-neutral pH's removed some phosphate; however, little removal occurred at more alkaline pH's (> 7.3). C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov FU City of Malibu; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded cooperatively by the City of Malibu and the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors thank the private land owners, the County of Los Angeles, and the State of California who permitted access to their property for sample collection. The authors also thank Kevin Pofferbarger for his assistance in obtaining access to OWTS for sample collection. Special thanks are extended to Barbara Cameron and the staff of the City of Malibu who obtained sample permits and facilitated logistical issues invaluable to the successful completion of this study. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 218 EP 233 DI 10.1111/gwat.12194 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300022 PM 24902718 ER PT J AU Davis, JH Verdi, R AF Davis, J. Hal Verdi, Richard TI Groundwater Flow Cycling Between a Submarine Spring and an Inland Fresh Water Spring SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; AQUIFERS AB Spring Creek Springs and Wakulla Springs are large first magnitude springs that derive water from the Upper Floridan Aquifer. The submarine Spring Creek Springs are located in a marine estuary and Wakulla Springs are located 18 km inland. Wakulla Springs has had a consistent increase in flow from the 1930s to the present. This increase is probably due to the rising sea level, which puts additional pressure head on the submarine Spring Creek Springs, reducing its fresh water flow and increasing flows in Wakulla Springs. To improve understanding of the complex relations between these springs, flow and salinity data were collected from June 25, 2007 to June 30, 2010. The flow in Spring Creek Springs was most sensitive to rainfall and salt water intrusion, and the flow in Wakulla Springs was most sensitive to rainfall and the flow in Spring Creek Springs. Flows from the springs were found to be connected, and composed of three repeating phases in a karst spring flow cycle: Phase 1 occurred during low rainfall periods and was characterized by salt water backflow into the Spring Creek Springs caves. The higher density salt water blocked fresh water flow and resulted in a higher equivalent fresh water head in Spring Creek Springs than in Wakulla Springs. The blocked fresh water was diverted to Wakulla Springs, approximately doubling its flow. Phase 2 occurred when heavy rainfall resulted in temporarily high creek flows to nearby sinkholes that purged the salt water from the Spring Creek Springs caves. Phase 3 occurred after streams returned to base flow. The Spring Creek Springs caves retained a lower equivalent fresh water head than Wakulla Springs, causing them to flow large amounts of fresh water while Wakulla Springs flow was reduced by about half. C1 [Verdi, Richard] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Davis, JH (reprint author), 2625 Vergie Ct, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM jhaldavis@comcast.net; rverdi@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 705 EP 716 DI 10.1111/gwat.12125 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DF UT WOS:000347979800009 PM 24138490 ER PT J AU Anders, R Mendez, GO Futa, K Danskin, WR AF Anders, Robert Mendez, Gregory O. Futa, Kiyoto Danskin, Wesley R. TI A Geochemical Approach to Determine Sources and Movement of Saline Groundwater in a Coastal Aquifer SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID SEAWATER INTRUSION; C-14 DATA; CALIFORNIA; WATER; BORON; SALINIZATION; SR-87/SR-86; STRONTIUM; ISOTOPES; DYNAMICS AB Geochemical evaluation of the sources and movement of saline groundwater in coastal aquifers can aid in the initial mapping of the subsurface when geological information is unavailable. Chloride concentrations of groundwater in a coastal aquifer near San Diego, California, range from about 57 to 39,400 mg/L. On the basis of relative proportions of major-ions, the chemical composition is classified as Na-Ca-Cl-SO4, Na-Cl, or Na-Ca-Cl type water. delta H-2 and delta O-18 values range from -47.7% to -12.8% and from -7.0% to -1.2%, respectively. The isotopically depleted groundwater occurs in the deeper part of the coastal aquifer, and the isotopically enriched groundwater occurs in zones of sea water intrusion. Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios range from about 0.7050 to 0.7090, and differ between shallower and deeper flow paths in the coastal aquifer. H-3 and C-14 analyses indicate that most of the groundwater was recharged many thousands of years ago. The analysis of multiple chemical and isotopic tracers indicates that the sources and movement of saline groundwater in the San Diego coastal aquifer are dominated by: (1) recharge of local precipitation in relatively shallow parts of the flow system; (2) regional flow of recharge of higher-elevation precipitation along deep flow paths that freshen a previously saline aquifer; and (3) intrusion of sea water that entered the aquifer primarily during premodern times. Two northwest-to-southeast trending sections show the spatial distribution of the different geochemical groups and suggest the subsurface in the coastal aquifer can be separated into two predominant hydrostratigraphic layers. C1 [Anders, Robert; Mendez, Gregory O.; Danskin, Wesley R.] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Futa, Kiyoto] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anders, R (reprint author), USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM randers@usgs.gov FU Sweetwater Authority; City of San Diego; Otay Water District; State of California via water bonds; United States Federal Government FX Funding for this study was provided by the Sweetwater Authority, the City of San Diego, the Otay Water District, the State of California via water bonds, and the United States Federal Government via appropriations for the USGS and for this study in particular. The authors are grateful to many individuals for their technical insights as well as to many USGS colleagues for their assistance in identifying, collecting, collating, reviewing, and preparing the data presented here. Their collective contribution to the study cannot be overstated. We also wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which contributed significantly to the improvement of this manuscript. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 756 EP 768 DI 10.1111/gwat.12108 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DF UT WOS:000347979800014 PM 24032352 ER PT J AU Yager, RM Heywood, CE AF Yager, Richard M. Heywood, Charles E. TI Simulation of the Effects of Seasonally Varying Pumping on Intraborehole Flow and the Vulnerability of Public-Supply Wells to Contamination SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB Public-supply wells with long screens in alluvial aquifers can produce waters of differing quality from different depths. Seasonal changes in quality are linked to seasonal changes in pumping rates that influence the distribution of flow into the well screens under pumping conditions and the magnitude and direction of intraborehole flow within the wells under ambient conditions. Groundwater flow and transport simulations with MODFLOW and MT3DMS were developed to quantify the effects of changes in average seasonal pumping rates on intraborehole flow and water quality at two long-screened, public-supply wells, in Albuquerque, New Mexico and Modesto, California, where widespread pumping has altered groundwater flow patterns. Simulation results indicate that both wells produce water requiring additional treatment to maintain potable quality in winter when groundwater withdrawals are reduced because less water is derived from parts of the aquifer that contain water requiring less treatment. Simulation results indicate that the water quality at both wells could be improved by increasing average winter-pumping rates to induce more lateral flow from parts of the aquifer that contain better quality water. Arsenic-bearing water produced by the Albuquerque well could be reduced from 55% to 45% by doubling average winter-pumping rate, while nitrate-and uranium-bearing water produced by the Modesto well could be reduced from 95% to 65% by nearly tripling the average winter-pumping rate. Higher average winter-pumping rates would also reduce the volume of intraborehole flow within both wells and prevent the exchange of poor quality water between shallow and deep parts of both aquifers. C1 [Yager, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Heywood, Charles E.] US Geol Survey, Ridgway, CO 81432 USA. RP Yager, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 30 Brown Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ryager@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1111/gwat.12150 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300006 PM 24410487 ER PT J AU Toccalino, PL Gilliom, RJ Lindsey, BD Rupert, MG AF Toccalino, Patricia L. Gilliom, Robert J. Lindsey, Bruce D. Rupert, Michael G. TI Pesticides in Groundwater of the United States: Decadal-Scale Changes, 1993-2011 SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID WATER; VULNERABILITY; TRENDS AB The national occurrence of 83 pesticide compounds in groundwater of the United States and decadal-scale changes in concentrations for 35 compounds were assessed for the 20-year period from 1993-2011. Samples were collected from 1271 wells in 58 nationally distributed well networks. Networks consisted of shallow (mostly monitoring) wells in agricultural and urban land-use areas and deeper (mostly domestic and public supply) wells in major aquifers in mixed land-use areas. Wells were sampled once during 1993-2001 and once during 2002-2011. Pesticides were frequently detected (53% of all samples), but concentrations seldom exceeded human-health benchmarks (1.8% of all samples). The five most frequently detected pesticide compounds-atrazine, deethylatrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and prometon-each had statistically significant (p<0.1) changes in concentrations between decades in one or more categories of well networks nationally aggregated by land use. For agricultural networks, concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, and prometon decreased from the first decade to the second decade. For urban networks, deethylatrazine concentrations increased and prometon concentrations decreased. For major aquifers, concentrations of deethylatrazine and simazine increased. The directions of concentration changes for individual well networks generally were consistent with changes determined from nationally aggregated data. Altogether, 36 of the 58 individual well networks had statistically significant changes in concentrations of one or more pesticides between decades, with the majority of changes attributed to the five most frequently detected pesticide compounds. The magnitudes of median decadal-scale concentration changes were small-ranging from -0.09 to 0.03 mu g/L-and were 35- to 230,000-fold less than human-health benchmarks. C1 [Toccalino, Patricia L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Lindsey, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Rupert, Michael G.] US Geol Survey, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA. RP Toccalino, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ptocca@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 SU 1 BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1111/gwat.12176 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1DU UT WOS:000347981300012 PM 24597577 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Wang, HQ Wang, LX Tawes, R Rollman, D AF Chen, Qin Wang, Hongqing Wang, Lixia Tawes, Robert Rollman, Drew TI Predicting Impacts of Tropical Cyclones and Sea-Level Rise on Beach Mouse Habitat SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Advanced circulation (ADCIRC) model; simulating-waves-nearshore (SWAN) model; storm surge; wind waves; sea-level rise; beach mouse habitat ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; STORM SURGES; WIND-WAVES; ALABAMA; MICE; HURRICANES; MODEL AB Alabama beach mouse (ABM) (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) is an important component of the coastal dune ecosystem along the Gulf of Mexico. Due to habitat loss and degradation, ABM is federally listed as an endangered species. In this study, we examined the impacts of storm surge and wind waves, which are induced by hurricanes and sea-level rise (SLR), on the ABM habitat on Fort Morgan Peninsula, Alabama, using advanced storm surge and wind wave models and spatial analysis tools in geographic information systems (GIS). Statistical analyses of the long-term historical data enabled us to predict the extreme values of winds, wind waves, and water levels in the study area at different return periods. We developed a series of nested domains for both wave and surge modeling and validated the models using field observations of surge hydrographs and high watermarks of Hurricane Ivan (2004). We then developed wave atlases and flood maps corresponding to the extreme wind, surge and waves without SLR and with a 0.5 m of SLR by coupling the wave and surge prediction models. The flood maps were then merged with a map of ABM habitat to determine the extent and location of habitat impacted by the 100-year storm with and without SLR. Simulation results indicate that more than 82% of ABM habitat would be inundated in such an extreme storm event, especially under SLR, making ABM populations more vulnerable to future storm damage. These results have aided biologists, community planners, and other stakeholders in the identification, restoration and protection of key beach mouse habitat in Alabama. Methods outlined in this paper could also be used to assist in the conservation and recovery of imperiled coastal species elsewhere. C1 [Chen, Qin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, Lixia] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tawes, Robert] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southeast Reg Off, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Rollman, Drew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alabama Field Off, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM qchen@lsu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS-401815J017]; National Science Foundation [NSF-1115527] FX The study was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service(FWS-401815J017) and the National Science Foundation (NSF-1115527). The Baldwin County Commission, Alabama, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mobile District, NOAA and FEMA provided the field data. We would like to thank Dr. Joao F. Pereira and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive review that improved this manuscript Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2014 SI 68 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.2112/SI68-002.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AX8FM UT WOS:000347145600003 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC Doherty, KE Aldridge, CL O'Donnell, M Beck, JL Bedrosian, B Gummer, D Holloran, MJ Johnson, GD Kaczor, NW Kirol, CP Mandich, CA Marshall, D Mckee, G Olson, C Pratt, AC Swanson, CC Walker, BL AF Fedy, Bradley C. Doherty, Kevin E. Aldridge, Cameron L. O'Donnell, Micheal Beck, Jeffrey L. Bedrosian, Bryan Gummer, David Holloran, Matthew J. Johnson, Gregory D. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Kirol, Christopher P. Mandich, Cheryl A. Marshall, David Mckee, Gwyn Olson, Chad Pratt, Aaron C. Swanson, Christopher C. Walker, Brett L. TI Habitat Prioritization Across Large Landscapes, Multiple Seasons, and Novel Areas: An Example Using Greater Sage-Grouse in Wyoming SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE brood; Centrocercus urophasianus; core regions; extent; functional response; greater sage-grouse; logistic regression; nesting; radiotelemetry; resource selection function; sagebrush; seasonal variation; winter ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; RESOURCE SELECTION; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; WINTER CONDITIONS; WOODLAND CARIBOU; NESTING HABITAT; FOOD SELECTION AB Animal habitat selection is an important and expansive area of research in ecology. In particular, the study of habitat selection is critical in habitat prioritization efforts for species of conservation concern. Landscape planning for species is happening at ever-increasing extents because of the appreciation for the role of landscape-scale patterns in species persistence coupled to improved datasets for species and habitats, and the expanding and intensifying footprint of human land uses on the landscape. We present a large-scale collaborative effort to develop habitat selection models across large landscapes and multiple seasons for prioritizing habitat for a species of conservation concern. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse) occur in western semi-arid landscapes in North America. Range-wide population declines of this species have been documented, and it is currently considered as warranted but precluded from listing under the United States Endangered Species Act. Wyoming is predicted to remain a stronghold for sage-grouse populations and contains approximately 37% of remaining birds. We compiled location data from 14 unique radiotelemetry studies (data collected 1994-2010) and habitat data from high-quality, biologically relevant, geographic information system (GIS) layers across Wyoming. We developed habitat selection models for greater sage-grouse across Wyoming for 3 distinct life stages: 1) nesting, 2) summer, and 3) winter. We developed patch and landscape models across 4 extents, producing statewide and regional (southwest, central, northeast) models for Wyoming. Habitat selection varied among regions and seasons, yet preferred habitat attributes generally matched the extensive literature on sage-grouse seasonal habitat requirements. Across seasons and regions, birds preferred areas with greater percentage sagebrush cover and avoided paved roads, agriculture, and forested areas. Birds consistently preferred areas with higher precipitation in the summer and avoided rugged terrain in the winter. Selection for sagebrush cover varied regionally with stronger selection in the Northeast region, likely because of limited availability, whereas avoidance of paved roads was fairly consistent across regions. We chose resource selection function (RSF) thresholds for each model set (seasonalxregional combination) that delineated important seasonal habitats for sage-grouse. Each model set showed good validation and discriminatory capabilities within study-site boundaries. We applied the nesting-season models to a novel area not included in model development. The percentage of independent nest locations that fell directly within identified important habitat was not overly impressive in the novel area (49%); however, including a 500-m buffer around important habitat captured 98% of independent nest locations within the novel area. We also used leks and associated peak male counts as a proxy for nesting habitat outside of the study sites used to develop the models. A 1.5-km buffer around the important nesting habitat boundaries included 77% of males counted at leks in Wyoming outside of the study sites. Data were not available to quantitatively test the performance of the summer and winter models outside our study sites. The collection of models presented here represents large-scale resource-management planning tools that are a significant advancement to previous tools in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Fedy, Bradley C.; O'Donnell, Micheal] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Beck, Jeffrey L.; Kirol, Christopher P.; Pratt, Aaron C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bedrosian, Bryan] Craighead Beringia South, Kelly, WY 83011 USA. [Gummer, David] Parks Canada, Calgary, AB T2P 3M3, Canada. [Holloran, Matthew J.] Wyoming Wildlife Consultants LLC, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Johnson, Gregory D.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Mandich, Cheryl A.] Univ Wyoming, Casper Ctr, Dept Zool & Physiol, Casper, WY 82601 USA. [Marshall, David] KC Harvey Environm LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Mckee, Gwyn] Thunderbird Wildlife Consulting Inc, Gillette, WY 82718 USA. [Olson, Chad] Hayden Wing Associates LLC, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Swanson, Christopher C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. [Walker, Brett L.] Colorado Div Parks & Wildlife, Avian Res Program, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM bfedy@uwaterloo.ca RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU Arch Coal; Cameco Resources; Devon Energy; Foundation Coal West; Pathfinder Energy; Petroleum Association of Wyoming; Powder River Coal; RioTinto; Rocky Mountain Power; Wyoming Sage Grouse Local Working Groups; Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Geological Survey; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; U.S. Department of the Interior BLM; WGFD-Sage-Grouse Conservation Fund; University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources; Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife; Questar Exploration and Production; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, BLM [W 67 R, ESA000013]; USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station [05 JV 11221609 127]; USFS Dakota Prairie National Grasslands [05 CS 11011800 022]; South Dakota State University; WGFD (Upper Snake River Sage-Grouse Working Group); Jackson Hole Airport; Grand Teton National Park; USFS; WGFD; BLM; U.S. Department of Energy; Yellowstone-to-Yukon Initiative; EnCana Oil Gas, Inc.; Ultra Resources, Inc.; Shell Rocky Mountain Production; ConocoPhillips; EnCana Natural Gas; Noble Energy; BLM in Montana and Wyoming; BLM in Washington, D.C.; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program); Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Western Gas Resources Incorporated; Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation; Bighorn Environmental Consulting; Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.; Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation; Hewlett Foundation; University of Montana; Fidelity Exploration and Production Company; Horizon Wind Energy; Iberdrola Renewables; Bates Hole and Shirley Basin Local Sage-Grouse Working Group; Peabody Energy Company's North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM); Abandoned Coal Mine Lands Research Program (ACMLRP) at the University of Wyoming; American Colloid Company FX Synthesis: We are grateful to E. Hellgren, J. Connelly, and S. Knick whose many useful comments improved the manuscript. Funding for the synthesis of these studies and the conceptual development of these models and analyses was provided by Arch Coal, Cameco Resources, Devon Energy, Foundation Coal West, Pathfinder Energy, Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Powder River Coal, RioTinto, Rocky Mountain Power, Wyoming Sage Grouse Local Working Groups, Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the U.S. Geological Survey. We appreciated the cooperation of numerous landowners in each study area who provided access to their private lands to collect field data. We also thank the many individuals who provided logistical and field support on the individual projects listed below. The manuscript was improved through comments by T. Christiansen, the Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Peabody Energy, and R. Taylor. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. Atlantic Rim and Stewart Creek: Funding was provided by Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, U.S. Department of the Interior BLM, WGFD-Sage-Grouse Conservation Fund, and the University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources. Hiawatha: Funding was provided by the Colorado Division of Wildlife (now Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife) and Questar Exploration and Production. Hulett: Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (W 67 R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, BLM (ESA000013), USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station (05 JV 11221609 127), USFS Dakota Prairie National Grasslands (05 CS 11011800 022), and support from South Dakota State University. Jackson: Funding was provided by the WGFD (Upper Snake River Sage-Grouse Working Group), the Jackson Hole Airport, Grand Teton National Park, USFS, and a variety of private individuals and foundations. Lander and Pinedale: Financial support provided by the WGFD, BLM, U.S. Department of Energy, Yellowstone-to-Yukon Initiative, EnCana Oil & Gas, Inc., Ultra Resources, Inc., and Shell Rocky Mountain Production. Moneta: The Moneta study area was a combination of data collected from 2 separately funded projects: Hayden-Wing Associates and a project funded by BLM and WGFD and referred to as the Western Natrona County Sage-Grouse Distribution Project. The Hayden-Wing Associates study was funded by ConocoPhillips, EnCana Natural Gas, and Noble Energy. Financial support, equipment, and trapping personnel for the Western Natrona County Sage-Grouse Distribution Project were provided by the BLM, WGFD, Bates Hole and Shirley Basin Sage-Grouse Working Group, University of Wyoming, and Casper College. Telemetry flights were conducted by Laird Flying Service, Ekalaka MT. PRB: Funding was provided by the BLM in Montana and Wyoming. Additional project support came from the BLM in Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Energy, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, WGFD, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program), Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Western Gas Resources Incorporated, Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, Bighorn Environmental Consulting, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.; , Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the University of Montana. The Hayden-Wing and Associates study was funded by Fidelity Exploration and Production Company. Simpson Ridge: Funding for this project was received from Horizon Wind Energy, Iberdrola Renewables, the Bates Hole and Shirley Basin Local Sage-Grouse Working Group, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources. Thunder Basin: Initial work (2001-2003) was supported primarily by Peabody Energy Company's North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM) and the Abandoned Coal Mine Lands Research Program (ACMLRP) at the University of Wyoming. The ACMLRP support was administered by the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality from funds returned to Wyoming by the Office of Surface Mining of the U. S. Department of the Interior. The Triton Coal Company and Thunder Basin Coal Company also provided financial assistance for the initial project work, and the WGFD provided valuable field assistance, equipment, digital land-cover data, and funding for aerial telemetry for project needs from 2001 to 2003. Beginning in 2004, NARM provided all project funding. All data for this study area were collected and contributed by Thunderbird Wildlife Consulting, Inc. Bighorn Basin: Funding for this project was received from the American Colloid Company. NR 103 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 11 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 190 IS 1 BP 1 EP 39 DI 10.1002/wmon.1014 PG 39 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AQ2RD UT WOS:000342634900001 ER PT J AU Minsley, BJ Kass, MA Hodges, G Smith, BD AF Minsley, Burke J. Kass, M. Andy Hodges, Greg Smith, Bruce D. TI Multielevation calibration of frequency-domain electromagnetic data SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TIME-DOMAIN; EM DATA; RESISTIVITY; INVERSION; SYSTEM; EXPLORATION; AMPLITUDE; DEPTH; LOOP AB Systematic calibration errors must be taken into account because they can substantially impact the accuracy of inverted subsurface resistivity models derived from frequency-domain electromagnetic data, resulting in potentially misleading interpretations. We have developed an approach that uses data acquired at multiple elevations over the same location to assess calibration errors. A significant advantage is that this method does not require prior knowledge of subsurface properties from borehole or ground geophysical data (though these can be readily incorporated if available), and is, therefore, well suited to remote areas. The multielevation data were used to solve for calibration parameters and a single subsurface resistivity model that are self consistent over all elevations. The deterministic and Bayesian formulations of the multielevation approach illustrate parameter sensitivity and uncertainty using synthetic-and field-data examples. Multiplicative calibration errors (gain and phase) were found to be better resolved at high frequencies and when data were acquired over a relatively conductive area, whereas additive errors (bias) were reasonably resolved over conductive and resistive areas at all frequencies. The Bayesian approach outperformed the deterministic approach when estimating calibration parameters using multielevation data at a single location; however, joint analysis of multielevation data at multiple locations using the deterministic algorithm yielded the most accurate estimates of calibration parameters. Inversion results using calibration-corrected data revealed marked improvement in misfit, lending added confidence to the interpretation of these models. C1 [Minsley, Burke J.; Kass, M. Andy; Smith, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hodges, Greg] CGG Airborne, Mississauga, ON, Canada. RP Minsley, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bminsley@usgs.gov; mkass@usgs.gov; greg.hodges@cgg.com; bsmith@usgs.gov OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Program FX We acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Program for funding the Geophysical Methods Development Project, which supported this work. We also thank M. Deszcz-Pan (USGS), B. Siemon, Y. Ley-Cooper, and one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful inputs on this manuscript. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 79 IS 5 BP E201 EP E216 DI 10.1190/GEO2013-0320.1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU9JA UT WOS:000345907100015 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Lowenstern, JB AF Hurwitz, Shaul Lowenstern, Jacob B. TI Dynamics of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD; MAMMOTH HOT-SPRINGS; OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; MULTIPLE PROXY RECORDS; ARSENITE OXIDASE GENES; GEOTHERMAL HEAT-FLUX; NATIONAL-PARK; THERMAL WATERS AB The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field is characterized by extensive seismicity, episodes of uplift and subsidence, and a hydrothermal system that comprises more than 10,000 thermal features, including geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, thermal springs, and hydrothermal explosion craters. The diverse chemical and isotopic compositions of waters and gases derive from mantle, crustal, and meteoric sources and extensive water-gas-rock interaction at variable pressures and temperatures. The thermal features are host to all domains of life that utilize diverse inorganic sources of energy for metabolism. The unique and exceptional features of the hydrothermal system have attracted numerous researchers to Yellowstone beginning with the Washburn and Hayden expeditions in the 1870s. Since a seminal review published a quarter of a century ago, research in many fields has greatly advanced our understanding of the many coupled processes operating in and on the hydrothermal system. Specific advances include more refined geophysical images of the magmatic system, better constraints on the time scale of magmatic processes, characterization of fluid sources and water-rock interactions, quantitative estimates of heat and magmatic volatile fluxes, discovering and quantifying the role of thermophile microorganisms in the geochemical cycle, defining the chronology of hydrothermal explosions and their relation to glacial cycles, defining possible links between hydrothermal activity, deformation, and seismicity; quantifying geyser dynamics; and the discovery of extensive hydrothermal activity in Yellowstone Lake. Discussion of these many advances forms the basis of this review. C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul; Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. NR 285 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 15 U2 69 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 IS 3 BP 375 EP 411 DI 10.1002/2014RG000452 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU5MI UT WOS:000345650700006 ER PT J AU Hayer, CA Breeggemann, JJ Klumb, RA Graeb, BDS Bertrand, KN AF Hayer, Cari-Ann Breeggemann, Jason J. Klumb, Robert A. Graeb, Brian D. S. Bertrand, Katie N. TI Population characteristics of bighead and silver carp on the northwestern front of their North American invasion SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE growth; invasion phase; planktivores; prairie streams; recruitment ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; ASIAN CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-NOBILIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; AGE-DETERMINATION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; ILLINOIS RIVER; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-DAKOTA AB Invasive species are considered the second largest threat to native biodiversity, and ecosystem function and services. One pair of global invaders, bighead, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and silver carp, H. molitrix, (collectively referred to as Asian carps) have been introduced throughout the world, and are invading three prairie stream tributaries to the Missouri River in the United States. There is a paucity of knowledge and understanding about Asian carp population characteristics and biology in North America. As such, we documented spatial and temporal trends in population dynamics (i.e., density, size structure, age, growth and condition) of Asian carps in three tributaries to the Missouri River in South Dakota: Big Sioux, James and Vermillion from 2009 to 2012. Finally, native planktivore (i.e., gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus, and emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides) characteristics were examined using condition (Fulton's K). Overall, 469 silver carp and eight bighead carp were collected using boat electrofishing and mean catch-per-unit-effort of silver carp increased annually. The three rivers' populations were similar in length frequencies. Silver carp growth was faster initially than later ages and overall was slower than Middle Mississippi River populations. Recruitment of silver carp was erratic with the 2010 year class dominating 91% of catches. Silver carp condition was also similar across rivers, seasons, and years. South Dakota silver carp populations were predicted from a length-weight regression to be lighter than the Gavins Point reach population of the Missouri River, and heavier than both the middle Mississippi and the Illinois River populations. Additionally, mean catch-per-unit-effort for bigmouth buffalo and emerald shiner decreased over the study period. Continued monitoring and research on this newly invading population of Asian carps will provide additional invaluable insight into complex invasive species, assist with understanding Asian carps population dynamics during and after an invasion, and expose the potential negative impacts Asian carps may be having on prairie stream ecosystems. C1 [Hayer, Cari-Ann; Breeggemann, Jason J.; Graeb, Brian D. S.; Bertrand, Katie N.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Klumb, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP Hayer, CA (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 1240B,NPB 138, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM cari-ann.hayer@sdstate.edu; jason.breeggemann@sdstate.edu; brian.graeb@sdstate.edu; katie.bertrand@sdstate.edu RI Bertrand, Katie/A-5902-2012 OI Bertrand, Katie/0000-0001-8453-6758 FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks FX We thank the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Missouri River Research Office for their continued support of this project and specifically M Smith and G VanEeckhout for continued updates on Asian carps within North and South Dakota. Additionally we thank J Howell for assistance with field work. Funding for this research was provided to KN Bertrand, BDS Graeb, RA Klumb, and C-A Hayer through Study 1516 of the Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration Act administered through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Our good friend, colleague and mentor, Rob Klumb, was an integral part of this project since its inception, but he was tragically killed while working for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 106 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 SI SI BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.3391/ai.2014.9.3.05 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU4QR UT WOS:000345597300005 ER PT J AU Wotzlaw, JF Bindeman, IN Watts, KE Schmitt, AK Caricchi, L Schaltegger, U AF Wotzlaw, Joern-Frederik Bindeman, Ilya N. Watts, Kathryn E. Schmitt, Axel K. Caricchi, Luca Schaltegger, Urs TI Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEISE VOLCANIC FIELD; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CALDERA COMPLEXES; BISHOP TUFF; RHYOLITES; CHAMBERS; ZIRCONS; IDAHO; INTERCALIBRATION AB The geological record contains evidence of volcanic eruptions that were as much as two orders of magnitude larger than the most voluminous eruption experienced by modern civilizations, the A.D. 1815 Tambora (Indonesia) eruption. Perhaps nowhere on Earth are deposits of such supereruptions more prominent than in the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Plateau (SRP-YP) volcanic province (northwest United States). While magmatic activity at Yellowstone is still ongoing, the Heise volcanic field in eastern Idaho represents the youngest complete caldera cycle in the SRP-YP, and thus is particularly instructive for current and future volcanic activity at Yellowstone. The Heise caldera cycle culminated 4.5 Ma ago in the eruption of the similar to 1800 km(3) Kilgore Tuff. Accessory zircons in the Kilgore Tuff display significant intercrystalline and intracrystalline oxygen isotopic heterogeneity, and the vast majority are O-18 depleted. This suggests that zircons crystallized from isotopically distinct magma batches that were generated by remelting of subcaldera silicic rocks previously altered by low-delta O-18 meteoric-hydrothermal fluids. Prior to eruption these magma batches were assembled and homogenized into a single voluminous reservoir. U-Pb geochronology of isotopically diverse zircons using chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry yielded indistinguishable crystallization ages with a weighted mean Pb-206/U-238 date of 4.4876 +/- 0.0023 Ma (MSWD = 1.5; n = 24). These zircon crystallization ages are also indistinguishable from the sanidine Ar-40/Ar-39 dates, and thus zircons crystallized close to eruption. This requires that shallow crustal melting, assembly of isolated batches into a supervolcanic magma reservoir, homogenization, and eruption occurred extremely rapidly, within the resolution of our geochronology (10(3)-10(4) yr). The crystal-scale image of the reservoir configuration, with several isolated magma batches, is very similar to the reservoir configurations inferred from seismic data at active supervolcanoes. The connection of magma batches vertically distributed over several kilometers in the upper crust would cause a substantial increase of buoyancy overpressure, providing an eruption trigger mechanism that is the direct consequence of the reservoir assembly process. C1 [Wotzlaw, Joern-Frederik; Caricchi, Luca; Schaltegger, Urs] Univ Geneva, Sect Earth & Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bindeman, Ilya N.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Watts, Kathryn E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schmitt, Axel K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wotzlaw, JF (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sect Earth & Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. EM joern.wotzlaw@unige.ch RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; OI Schmitt, Axel/0000-0002-9029-4211; Schaltegger, Urs/0000-0003-4404-8607 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; European Community FP7 [215458]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-CAREER-844772] FX This project was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, European Community FP7/2007-2013 grant 215458, and U.S. National Science Foundation grant EAR-CAREER-844772. We thank J.B. Lowenstern, B.S. Ellis, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 41 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1130/G35979.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA AU1DU UT WOS:000345362100018 ER PT J AU Atwater, BF Carson, B Griggs, GB Johnson, HP Salmi, MS AF Atwater, Brian F. Carson, Bobb Griggs, Gary B. Johnson, H. Paul Salmi, Marie S. TI Rethinking turbidite paleoseismology along the Cascadia subduction zone SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CENTRAL CHILE; WASHINGTON; EARTHQUAKE; PACIFIC; RUPTURE; CHANNEL; MARGIN; CANYON AB A stratigraphic synthesis of dozens of deep-sea cores, most of them overlooked in recent decades, provides new insights into deep-sea turbidites as guides to earthquake and tsunami hazards along the Cascadia subduction zone, which extends 1100 km along the Pacific coast of North America. The synthesis shows greater variability in Holocene stratigraphy and facies off the Washington coast than was recognized a quarter century ago in a confluence test for seismic triggering of sediment gravity flows. That test compared counts of Holocene turbidites upstream and downstream of a deep-sea channel junction. Similarity in the turbidite counts among seven core sites provided evidence that turbidity currents from different submarine canyons usually reached the junction around the same time, as expected of widespread seismic triggering. The fuller synthesis, however, shows distinct differences between tributaries, and these differences suggest sediment routing for which the confluence test was not designed. The synthesis also bears on recent estimates of Cascadia earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals. The magnitude estimates hinge on stratigraphic correlations that discount variability in turbidite facies. The recurrence estimates require turbidites to represent megathrust earthquakes more dependably than they do along a flow path where turbidite frequency appears limited less by seismic shaking than by sediment supply. These concerns underscore the complexity of extracting earthquake history from deep-sea turbidites at Cascadia. C1 [Atwater, Brian F.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carson, Bobb] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Griggs, Gary B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, H. Paul; Salmi, Marie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Atwater, BF (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 33 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9 BP 827 EP U118 DI 10.1130/G35902.1 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA AU1DU UT WOS:000345362100023 ER PT J AU Filstrup, CT Wagner, T Soranno, PA Stanley, EH Stow, CA Webster, KE Downing, JA AF Filstrup, Christopher T. Wagner, Tyler Soranno, Patricia A. Stanley, Emily H. Stow, Craig A. Webster, Katherine E. Downing, John A. TI Regional variability among nonlinear chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships in lakes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; SIGMOID RELATIONSHIPS; NUTRIENT CRITERIA; ALGAL BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; WATER; LANDSCAPE; RETENTION; NITROGEN; WETLANDS AB The relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total phosphorus (TP) is a fundamental relationship in lakes that reflects multiple aspects of ecosystem function and is also used in the regulation and management of inland waters. The exact form of this relationship has substantial implications on its meaning and its use. We assembled a spatially extensive data set to examine whether nonlinear models are a better fit for Chl a TP relationships than traditional log-linear models, whether there were regional differences in the form of the relationships, and, if so, which regional factors were related to these differences. We analyzed a data set from 2105 temperate lakes across 35 ecoregions by fitting and comparing two different nonlinear models and one log-linear model. The two nonlinear models fit the data better than the log-linear model. In addition, the parameters for the best-fitting model varied among regions: the maximum and lower Chl a asymptotes were positively and negatively related to percent regional pasture land use, respectively, and the rate at which chlorophyll increased with TP was negatively related to percent regional wetland cover. Lakes in regions with more pasture fields had higher maximum chlorophyll concentrations at high TP concentrations but lower minimum chlorophyll concentrations at low TP concentrations. Lakes in regions with less wetland cover showed a steeper Chl a-TP relationship than wetland-rich regions. Interpretation of Chl a-TP relationships depends on regional differences, and theory and management based on a monolithic relationship may be inaccurate. C1 [Filstrup, Christopher T.; Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Soranno, Patricia A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Filstrup, CT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM filstrup@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818]; Iowa Department of Natural Resources [ESD04HALFasch110155]; Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland [2011-W-FS-7] FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818) and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (ESD04HALFasch110155). K.E.W. thanks the Strive Programme (2011-W-FS-7) from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland, for support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1703 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1691 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QE UT WOS:000345462100019 ER PT J AU Funk, C Hoell, A Stone, D AF Funk, Chris Hoell, Andrew Stone, Daithi TI EXAMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE OBSERVED GLOBAL WARMING TREND TO THE CALIFORNIA DROUGHTS OF 2012/13 AND 2013/14 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Long-term SST warming trends did not contribute substantially to the 2012/13 and 2013/14 California droughts. North Pacific SSTs were exceptionally warm, however; and coupled models indicate more frequent extreme precipitation. C1 [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris; Hoell, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazard Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Stone, Daithi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S11 EP S15 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500004 ER PT J AU Copeland, HE Sawyer, H Monteith, KL Naugle, DE Pocewicz, A Graf, N Kauffman, MJ AF Copeland, H. E. Sawyer, H. Monteith, K. L. Naugle, D. E. Pocewicz, A. Graf, N. Kauffman, M. J. TI Conserving migratory mule deer through the umbrella of sage-grouse SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Centrocerus urophasianus; conservation easements; conservation effectiveness; energy development; Green River Basin; migratory corridors; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; sage-grouse core area; umbrella conservation; ungulate migration ID WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; CONSERVATION SURROGATES; AUTUMN NUTRITION; EASEMENTS; REPRODUCTION; FLAGSHIPS; UNGULATE; SUMMER; RANGE AB Conserving migratory ungulates in increasingly human-dominated landscapes presents a difficult challenge to land managers and conservation practitioners. Nevertheless, ungulates may receive ancillary benefits from conservation actions designed to protect species of greater conservation priority where their ranges are sympatric. Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocerus urophasianus), for example, have been proposed as an umbrella species for other sagebrush (Artemesia spp.)-dependent fauna. We examined a landscape where conservation efforts for sage-grouse overlap spatially with mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to determine whether sage-grouse conservation measures also might protect important mule deer migration routes and seasonal ranges. We conducted a spatial analysis to determine what proportion of migration routes, stopover areas, and winter ranges used by mule deer were located in areas managed for sage-grouse conservation. Conservation measures overlapped with 66-70% of migration corridors, 74-75% of stopovers, and 52-91% of wintering areas for two mule deer populations in the upper Green River Basin of Wyoming. Of those proportions, conservation actions targeted towards sage-grouse accounted for approximately half of the overlap in corridors and stopover areas, and nearly all overlap on winter ranges, indicating that sage-grouse conservation efforts represent an important step in conserving migratory mule deer. Conservation of migratory species presents unique challenges because although overlap with conserved lands may be high, connectivity of the entire route must be maintained as barriers to movement anywhere within the migration corridor could render it unviable. Where mule deer habitats overlap with sage-grouse core areas, our results indicate that increased protection is afforded to winter ranges and migration routes within the umbrella of sage-grouse conservation, but this protection is contingent on concentrated developments within core areas not intersecting with high-priority stopovers or corridors, and that the policy in turn does not encourage development on deer ranges outside of core areas. With the goal of protecting entire migration routes, our analysis highlights areas of potential conservation focus for mule deer, which are characterized by high exposure to residential development and use by a large proportion of migrating deer. C1 [Copeland, H. E.; Pocewicz, A.] Nature Conservancy, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Sawyer, H.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Monteith, K. L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Naugle, D. E.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Graf, N.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, M. J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Copeland, HE (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 258 Main St, Lander, WY 82520 USA. EM hcopeland@tnc.org FU Knobloch Family Foundation; Kaplan Family Foundation; NRCS Sage Grouse Initiative; Mule Deer Foundation; Nature Conservancy FX We are grateful to the Knobloch Family Foundation, Kaplan Family Foundation, NRCS Sage Grouse Initiative, Mule Deer Foundation and The Nature Conservancy for financial support. We thank several individuals for help with data and fact-checking including Lisa McGee, Dan Stroud, and Tim Griffiths. We thank several anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments and edit suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 9 AR 117 DI 10.1890/ES14-00186.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DM UT WOS:000345097000014 ER PT J AU Jules, ES Carroll, AL Garcia, AM Steenbock, CM Kauffman, MJ AF Jules, Erik S. Carroll, Allyson L. Garcia, Andrea M. Steenbock, Christopher M. Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Host heterogeneity influences the impact of a non-native disease invasion on populations of a foundation tree species SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Chamaecyparis lawsoniana; disease ecology; foundation species; host heterogeneity; invasion ecology; Phytophthora lateralis; Port Orford cedar; riparian areas; Siskiyou Mountains ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR; INTRODUCED PATHOGEN; BLISTER RUST; AMERICAN CHESTNUT; WHITEBARK-PINE; FOREST DISEASE; ECOSYSTEM; PLANT AB Invasive pathogens are becoming increasingly important in forested ecosystems, yet they are often difficult to study because of their rapid transmission. The rate and extent of pathogen spread are thought to be partially controlled by variation in host characteristics, such as when host size and location influence susceptibility. Few host-pathogen systems, however, have been used to test this prediction. We used Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), a foundation tree species in riparian areas of California and Oregon (USA), and the invasive oomycete Phytophthora lateralis to assess pathogen impacts and the role of host characteristics on invasion. Across three streams that had been infected for 13-18 years by P. lateralis, we mapped 2241 trees and determined whether they had been infected using dendrochronology. The infection probability of trees was governed by host size (diameter at breast height [DBH]) and geomorphic position (e.g., active channel, stream bank, floodplain, etc.) similarly across streams. For instance, only 23% of trees,20 cm DBH were infected, while 69% of trees >= 20 cm DBH were infected. Presumably, because spores of P. lateralis are transported downstream in water, they are more likely to encounter well-developed root systems of larger trees. Also because of this water-transport of spores, differences in infection probability were found across the geomorphic positions: 59% of cedar in the active channel and the stream bank (combined) were infected, while 23% of trees found on higher geomorphic types were infected. Overall, 32% of cedar had been infected across the three streams. However, 63% of the total cedar basal area had been killed, because the greatest number of trees, and the largest trees, were found in the most susceptible positions. In the active channel and stream bank, 91% of the basal area was infected, while 46% was infected across higher geomorphic positions. The invasion of Port Orford cedar populations by P. lateralis causes profound impacts to population structure and the invasion outcome will be governed by the heterogeneity found in host size and location. Models of disease invasion will require an understanding of how heterogeneity influences spread dynamics to adequately predict the outcome for host populations. C1 [Jules, Erik S.; Garcia, Andrea M.; Steenbock, Christopher M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Carroll, Allyson L.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Jules, ES (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM erik.jules@humboldt.edu FU NSF [DEB-9806722]; College of Natural Resources and Department of Biological Sciences; Humboldt State University FX We thank Jeremy Borgeson, Krishna Dole, Ansgar Kahman, Leo Polansky, Jenny Taylor, Lindia Hammer, Thomas Lee, and Priya Shahani for assistance with field work. We also thank Dan Doak for formative help with all parts of this project. In addition, we are grateful for excellent comments on a previous version of this manuscript from Phil van Mantgem, Morgan Varner, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by NSF grant DEB-9806722, and the College of Natural Resources and Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University. Della Steele provided a workspace for E. S. Jules during a sabbatical. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 9 AR 105 DI 10.1890/ES14-00043.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DM UT WOS:000345097000002 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, TJ Irvine, KM Sheley, RL Smith, BS Hoh, S Esposito, DM Mata-Gonzalez, R AF Rodhouse, Thomas J. Irvine, Kathryn M. Sheley, Roger L. Smith, Brenda S. Hoh, Shirley Esposito, Daniel M. Mata-Gonzalez, Ricardo TI Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum thurberianum; Bromus tectorum; decision-making; invasive plants; monitoring; national parks; Poa secunda; predictive modeling; proportional odds logistic regression; Pseudoroegneria spicata; sagebrush; Taeniatherum caput-medusae ID INVASIVE-PLANT MANAGEMENT; BROMUS-TECTORUM; GREAT-BASIN; NATURAL-RESOURCES; DESERT SHRUBLANDS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RANGELAND; FIRE; RESTORATION AB Foundation species are structurally dominant members of ecological communities that can stabilize ecological processes and influence resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Being common, they are often overlooked for conservation but are increasingly threatened from land use change, biological invasions, and over-exploitation. The pattern of foundation species abundances over space and time may be used to guide decision-making, particularly in protected areas for which they are iconic. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify the important environmental influences on the abundance patterns of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), Thurber's needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum), and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda) in protected-area sagebrush steppe. We then predicted bunchgrass abundances along gradients of topography, disturbance, and invasive annual grass abundance. We used model predictions to prioritize the landscape for implementation of a management and restoration decision-support tool. Models were fit to categorical estimates of grass cover obtained from an extensive ground-based monitoring dataset. We found that remnant stands of abundant wheatgrass and bluegrass were associated with steep north-facing slopes in higher and more remote portions of the landscape outside of recently burned areas where invasive annual grasses were less abundant. These areas represented only 25% of the landscape and were prioritized for protection efforts. Needlegrass was associated with south-facing slopes, but in low abundance and in association with invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Abundances of all three species were strongly negatively correlated with occurrence of another invasive annual grass, medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae). The rarity of priority bunchgrass stands underscored the extent of degradation and the need for prioritization. We found no evidence that insularity reduced invasibility; annual grass invasion represents a serious threat to protected-area bunchgrass communities. Our study area was entirely within the Wyoming big sagebrush ecological zone, understood to have inherently low resilience to disturbance and resistance to weed invasion. However, our study revealed important variation in abundance of the foundation species associated with resilience and resistance along the topographic-soil moisture gradient within this zone, providing an important foothold for conservation decision-making in these steppe ecosystems. We found the foundation species focus a parsimonious strategy linking monitoring to decision-making via biogeographic modeling. C1 [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Bend, OR 97701 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Sheley, Roger L.; Smith, Brenda S.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Hoh, Shirley] Natl Pk Serv, John Day Fossil Beds Natl Monument, Kimberly, OR 97848 USA. [Esposito, Daniel M.; Mata-Gonzalez, Ricardo] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim & Rangeland Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, 63095 Deschutes Market Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM Tom_Rodhouse@nps.gov OI Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; John Day Fossil Beds National Monument; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX G. Dicus and M. Lonneker provided data management and GIS support. J. Yeo was instrumental to the development of the monitoring program and made valuable suggestions throughout the study. Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 9 AR 108 DI 10.1890/ES14-00169.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DM UT WOS:000345097000005 ER PT J AU Tracey, JA Bevins, SN VandeWoude, S Crooks, KR AF Tracey, Jeff A. Bevins, Sarah N. VandeWoude, Sue Crooks, Kevin R. TI An agent-based movement model to assess the impact of landscape fragmentation on disease transmission SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE agent-based model; animal movement; bobcat; epidemiology; habitat fragmentation; individual-based model; landscape connectivity; Lynx rufus; wildlife disease ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CANINE PATHOGENS; URBAN LANDSCAPE; NATIONAL-PARK; RURAL ZONES; GRAY FOXES; CONSERVATION; BOBCATS AB Landscape changes can result in habitat fragmentation and reduced landscape connectivity, limiting the ability of animals to move across space and altering infectious disease dynamics in wildlife. In this study, we develop and implement an agent-based model to assess the impacts of animal movement behavior and landscape structure on disease dynamics. We model a susceptible/infective disease state system applicable to the transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in bobcats in the urbanized landscape of coastal southern California. Our agent-based model incorporates animal movement behavior, pathogen prevalence, transmission probability, and habitat fragmentation to evaluate how these variables influence disease spread in urbanizing landscapes. We performed a sensitivity analysis by simulating the system under 4200 different combinations of model parameters and evaluating disease transmission outcomes. Our model reveals that host movement behavior and response to landscape features play a pivotal role in determining how habitat fragmentation influences disease dynamics. Importantly, interactions among habitat fragmentation and movement had non-linear and counter-intuitive effects on disease transmission. For example, the model predicts that an intermediate level of non-habitat permeability and directionality will result in the highest rates of between-patch disease transmission. Agent-based models serve as computational laboratories that provide a powerful approach for quantitatively and visually exploring the role of animal behavior and anthropogenic landscape change on contacts among agents and the spread of disease. Such questions are challenging to study empirically given that it is difficult or impossible to experimentally manipulate actual landscapes and the animals and pathogens that move through them. Modeling the relationship between habitat fragmentation, animal movement behavior, and disease spread will improve understanding of the spread of potentially destructive pathogens through wildlife populations, as well as domestic animals and humans. C1 [Tracey, Jeff A.; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bevins, Sarah N.; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tracey, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jeff.a.tracey@gmail.com FU NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF EF-0723676] FX We thank E. Boydston, R. Fisher, and L. Lyren for their collaboration on field research of bobcats in southern California, and M. Lappin and M. Salman for their input on the disease component of the study. Additional information on model design and implementation is available from the authors. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the US Government. This study was supported by NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF EF-0723676). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 9 AR 119 DI 10.1890/ES13-00376.1 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DM UT WOS:000345097000016 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Galloway, DL AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Galloway, D. L. TI Coastal subsidence and relative sea level rise SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subsidence; groundwater; coastal ID DELTA AB Subsurface fluid-pressure declines caused by pumping of groundwater or hydrocarbons can lead to aquifer-system compaction and consequent land subsidence. This subsidence can be rapid, as much as 30 cm per year in some instances, and large, totaling more than 13 m in extreme examples. Thus anthropogenic subsidence may be the dominant contributor to relative sea-level rise in coastal environments where subsurface fluids are heavily exploited. Maximum observed rates of human-induced subsidence greatly exceed the rates of natural subsidence of unconsolidated sediments (similar to 0.1-1 cm yr(-1)) and the estimated rates of ongoing global sea-level rise (similar to 0.3 cm yr(-1)). C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Galloway, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM seingebr@usgs.gov OI Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR 091002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/091002 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5DK UT WOS:000344963500002 ER PT J AU Shukla, S Funk, C Hoell, A AF Shukla, Shraddhanand Funk, Christopher Hoell, Andrew TI Using constructed analogs to improve the skill of National Multi-Model Ensemble March-April-May precipitation forecasts in equatorial East Africa SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rainfall forecast; East Africa; NMME ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL RAINFALL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREDICTABILITY; DROUGHT AB In this study we implement and evaluate a simple 'hybrid' forecast approach that uses constructed analogs (CA) to improve the National Multi-Model Ensemble's (NMME) March-April-May (MAM) precipitation forecasts over equatorial eastern Africa (hereafter referred to as EA, 2 degrees S to 8 degrees N and 36 degrees E to 46 degrees E). Due to recent declines in MAM rainfall, increases in population, land degradation, and limited technological advances, this region has become a recent epicenter of food insecurity. Timely and skillful precipitation forecasts for EA could help decision makers better manage their limited resources, mitigate socio-economic losses, and potentially save human lives. The 'hybrid approach' described in this study uses the CA method to translate dynamical precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts over the Indian and Pacific Oceans (specifically 30 degrees S to 30 degrees N and 30 degrees E to 270 degrees E) into terrestrial MAM precipitation forecasts over the EA region. In doing so, this approach benefits from the post-1999 teleconnection that exists between precipitation and SSTs over the Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans (Indo-Pacific) and EA MAM rainfall. The coupled atmosphere-ocean dynamical forecasts used in this study were drawn from the NMME. We demonstrate that while the MAM precipitation forecasts (initialized in February) skill of the NMME models over the EA region itself is negligible, the ranked probability skill score of hybrid CA forecasts based on Indo-Pacific NMME precipitation and SST forecasts reach up to 0.45. C1 [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Funk, Christopher; Hoell, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Funk, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Shukla, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shrad@geog.ucsb.edu FU Postdoc Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program - NOAA Climate Program Office; USGS [G09AC000001]; NASA SERVIR award [NNX13AQ95A]; USAID Office of Food for Peace [AID-FFP-P-10-00002]; USGS Land Change Science Program FX Dr Shukla is currently supported by the Postdoc Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program, partially funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and administered by the UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs. This work was also supported through USGS cooperative agreement #G09AC000001 'Monitoring and Forecasting Climate, Water and Land Use for Food Production in the Developing World', with funding from NASA SERVIR award #NNX13AQ95A for 'Leveraging CMIP5 & NASA/GMAO Coupled Modeling Capacity for SERVIR East Africa Climate Projections'; USAID Office of Food for Peace, award #AID-FFP-P-10-00002 for 'Famine Early Warning Systems Network Support'; and the USGS Land Change Science Program. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR 094009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5DK UT WOS:000344963500014 ER PT J AU Magen, C Lapham, LL Pohlman, JW Marshall, K Bosman, S Casso, M Chanton, JP AF Magen, Cedric Lapham, Laura L. Pohlman, John W. Marshall, Kathleen Bosman, Samantha Casso, Michael Chanton, Jeffrey P. TI A simple headspace equilibration method for measuring dissolved methane SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER COLUMN; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NORTH PACIFIC; OXIDATION; SEAWATER; CONSUMPTION; BASIN; CALIFORNIA; GAS AB Dissolved methane concentrations in the ocean are close to equilibrium with the atmosphere. Because methane is only sparingly soluble in seawater, measuring it without contamination is challenging for samples collected and processed in the presence of air. Several methods for analyzing dissolved methane are described in the literature, yet none has conducted a thorough assessment of the method yield, contamination issues during collection, transport and storage, and the effect of temperature changes and preservative. Previous extraction methods transfer methane from water to gas by either a "sparge and trap" or a "headspace equilibration" technique. The gas is then analyzed for methane by gas chromatography. Here, we revisit the headspace equilibration technique and describe a simple, inexpensive, and reliable method to measure methane in fresh and seawater, regardless of concentration. Within the range of concentrations typically found in surface seawaters (2-1000 nmol L-1), the yield of the method nears 100% of what is expected from solubility calculation following the addition of known amount of methane. In addition to being sensitive (detection limit of 0.1 ppmv, or 0.74 nmol L-1), this method requires less than 10 min per sample, and does not use highly toxic chemicals. It can be conducted with minimum materials and does not require the use of a gas chromatograph at the collection site. It can therefore be used in various remote working environments and conditions. C1 [Magen, Cedric; Bosman, Samantha; Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Magen, Cedric; Lapham, Laura L.; Marshall, Kathleen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Pohlman, John W.; Casso, Michael] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Magen, C (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cedric.magen@gmail.com RI Lapham, Laura/A-4035-2011 FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Pelican, Atlantic Explorer and USCGC Healy, without whom this research would not have been possible. This research was made possible in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Deep-C research consortium administered by Florida State University, and in part by a grant from BP/the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to support the research consortium "Ecosystem Impacts of Oil and Gas Inputs to the Gulf" (ECOGIG) administered by the University of Mississippi (GRI-IDC # R1.X132.134:0019). We thank John Kessler and an anonymous reviewer for providing us with comments that greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This is UMCES contribution #4947, and ECOGIG contribution #212. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 12 BP 637 EP 650 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.637 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU0XD UT WOS:000345344600001 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK AF Boehlke, J. K. TI Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Carbohydrate Symposium (ICS) CY JAN 12-17, 2014 CL Bangalore, INDIA DE argon; atomic weight; atomic-weight interval; geochronology; isotopic composition; isotopic fractionation; IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division; noble gas; radioactive; radiogenic; standard atomic weight ID NOBLE-GASES; FLUID INCLUSIONS; DECAY CONSTANTS; POPPING ROCK; ELEMENTS; MANTLE; FRACTIONATION; NITROGEN; RATIOS; AIR AB The isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (Ar) are variable in terrestrial materials. Those variations are a source of uncertainty in the assignment of standard properties for Ar, but they provide useful information in many areas of science. Variations in the stable isotopic composition and atomic weight of Ar are caused by several different processes, including (1) isotope production from other elements by radioactive decay (radiogenic isotopes) or other nuclear transformations (e.g., nucleogenic isotopes), and (2) isotopic fractionation by physical-chemical processes such as diffusion or phase equilibria. Physical-chemical processes cause correlated mass-dependent variations in the Ar isotope-amount ratios (Ar-40/Ar-36, Ar-38/Ar-36), whereas nuclear transformation processes cause non-mass-dependent variations. While atmospheric Ar can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the atmospheric isotopic ratios in other Ar occurrences limit the precision with which a standard atomic weight can be given for Ar. Published data indicate variation of Ar atomic weights in normal terrestrial materials between about 39.7931 and 39.9624. The upper bound of this interval is given by the atomic mass of Ar-40, as some samples contain almost pure radiogenic Ar-40. The lower bound is derived from analyses of pitchblende (uranium mineral) containing large amounts of nucleogenic 36Ar and Ar-38. Within this interval, measurements of different isotope ratios (Ar-40/Ar-36 or Ar-38/Ar-36) at various levels of precision are widely used for studies in geochronology, water-rock interaction, atmospheric evolution, and other fields. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; IUPAC Project [2009-023-1-200] FX Preparation of this report was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program and IUPAC Project #2009-023-1-200, "Evaluation of radiogenic isotopic abundance variations in selected elements", chaired by M. E. Wieser, University of Calgary. Michael Kunk (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of the original manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1421 EP 1432 DI 10.1515/pac-2013-0918 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AT6QF UT WOS:000345063100008 ER PT J AU Ayre, KK Caldwell, CA Stinson, J Landis, WG AF Ayre, Kimberley Kolb Caldwell, Colleen A. Stinson, Jonah Landis, Wayne G. TI Analysis of Regional Scale Risk of Whirling Disease in Populations of Colorado and Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Using a Bayesian Belief Network Model SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian belief network; ecological risk; emerging diseases ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; UPSTREAM MOVEMENT; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SALMO-TRUTTA; TRADE-OFFS AB Introduction and spread of the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, has contributed to the collapse of wild trout populations throughout the intermountain west. Of concern is the risk the disease may have on conservation and recovery of native cutthroat trout. We employed a Bayesian belief network to assess probability of whirling disease in Colorado River and Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus and Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis, respectively) within their current ranges in the southwest United States. Available habitat (as defined by gradient and elevation) for intermediate oligochaete worm host, Tubifex tubifex, exerted the greatest influence on the likelihood of infection, yet prevalence of stream barriers also affected the risk outcome. Management areas that had the highest likelihood of infected Colorado River cutthroat trout were in the eastern portion of their range, although the probability of infection was highest for populations in the southern, San Juan subbasin. Rio Grande cutthroat trout had a relatively low likelihood of infection, with populations in the southernmost Pecos management area predicted to be at greatest risk. The Bayesian risk assessment model predicted the likelihood of whirling disease infection from its principal transmission vector, fish movement, and suggested that barriers may be effective in reducing risk of exposure to native trout populations. Data gaps, especially with regard to location of spawning, highlighted the importance in developing monitoring plans that support future risk assessments and adaptive management for subspecies of cutthroat trout. C1 [Ayre, Kimberley Kolb; Stinson, Jonah; Landis, Wayne G.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Inst Environm Toxicol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ayre, KK (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Inst Environm Toxicol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM kim.kolb@wwu.edu FU National Partnership on the Management of Wild and Native Coldwater Fisheries, Whirling Disease Initiative, Montana Water Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana; Montana State University-Bozeman [1-56232]; U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, New Mexico State University; New Mexico State University, Agriculture Experiment Station; Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology FX This research was supported by a grant from National Partnership on the Management of Wild and Native Coldwater Fisheries, Whirling Disease Initiative, Montana Water Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana. This research also was supported by Grant 1-56232 from Montana State University-Bozeman to Western Washington University, with additional support provided by U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, New Mexico State University and New Mexico State University, Agriculture Experiment Station and the Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology. This work could not have been accomplished without the data provided by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (R. Hansen), Colorado Division of Wildlife (B. Nehring), Colorado River Cutthroat Status Assessment Conservation Team, and database and the expertise of R. DuBey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1589 EP 1605 DI 10.1111/risa.12189 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA AU0NW UT WOS:000345321000003 PM 24660663 ER PT J AU Mounce, HL Iknayan, KJ Leonard, DL Swinnerton, KJ Groombridge, JJ AF Mounce, Hanna L. Iknayan, Kelly J. Leonard, David L. Swinnerton, Kirsty J. Groombridge, Jim J. TI Management implications derived from long term re-sight data: annual survival of the Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID 2 HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARKED ANIMALS; NEST PREDATION; RODENT CONTROL; RAIN-FOREST; BIRDS; PRODUCTIVITY AB The accurate estimation of key demographic parameters is invaluable for making decisions about the management of endangered wildlife but such estimates are often difficult to obtain. Parameters such as species-specific apparent survival rates are an important component in understanding population ecology and informing management decisions. The Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys is a 'Critically Endangered' Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the Island of Maui. We used an 18-year encounter history dataset comprising 146 marked individuals to estimate apparent survival between sexes and age classes (juvenile, adult). A difference in survival rates between sexes was strongly supported; 0.72 +/- 0.04 for adult females and 0.82 +/- 0.03 for adult males. This difference may be a reflection of either reproductive costs or additional risks of incubation and brooding, such as depredation. We also found support for age-biased survival, but limited information for juveniles did not provide a well-supported model fit for our data (juvenile survival = 0.17 +/- 0.15; adults = 0.78 +/- 0.02). However, apparent adult survival was similar to that of other Hawaiian passerines (mean 0.78 +/- 0.03, n = 16). These results suggest that efforts to prevent the extinction of this species may benefit from future management strategies focused on increasing female survival such as predator reduction. C1 [Mounce, Hanna L.] Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. [Mounce, Hanna L.; Groombridge, Jim J.] Univ Kent, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Iknayan, Kelly J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leonard, David L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Swinnerton, Kirsty J.] Isl Conservat, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Mounce, HL (reprint author), Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. EM mounce@hawaii.edu FU State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife; Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was conducted by the Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, a project administered and funded by the Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii, the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and the Pacific Island Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided scientific input, access into the Hanawi Natural Area Reserve and the required state and federal permits. We would like to thank the following partners for logistical support and access to their properties: the Hawaii Natural Area Reserves System Commission, Haleakala National Park, Haleakala Ranch, The Nature Conservancy, Tri-Isle RC and D, Pacific Helicopters, and Windward Aviation. We would like to thank Thane Pratt, John Simon, Paul Baker, and Stuart Pimm for use of their banding and re-sight data. We are grateful to Rick Camp and the Hawaii Forest Bird Interagency Database Project for providing population estimates and densities from historical and recent bird surveys. This manuscript was greatly improved by the help of Eben Paxton and one anonymous reviewer. Finally, we thank all of the seasonal biologists who assisted in the strenuous data collection for this study. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1017/S0959270913000476 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT3CS UT WOS:000344814300006 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Adair, EC Nelson, SM Binkley, D AF Andersen, Douglas C. Adair, Elizabeth Carol Nelson, Sigfrid Mark Binkley, Dan TI Can Nitrogen Fertilization Aid Restoration of Mature Tree Productivity in Degraded Dryland Riverine Ecosystems? SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold desert; Colorado; environmental constraints; floodplain; Fremont cottonwood; growth; nutrient; Populus; tree rings ID FREMONT COTTONWOOD SEEDLINGS; RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; FOREST CONSERVATION; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; WATER RELATIONS; GROWTH; FLOODPLAIN; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE AB Restoration of riparian forest productivity lost as a consequence of flow regulation is a common management goal in dryland riverine ecosystems. In the northern hemisphere, dryland river floodplain trees often include one or another species of Populus, which are fast-growing, nutrient-demanding trees. Because the trees are phreatophytic in drylands, and have water needs met in whole or in part by a shallow water table, their productivity may be limited by nitrogen (N) availability, which commonly limits primary productivity in mesic environments. We added 20 g N m(-2) in a 2-m radius around the base of mature Populus fremontii along each of a regulated and free-flowing river in semiarid northwest Colorado, USA (total n = 42) in order to test whether growth is constrained by low soil N. Twelve years after fertilization, we collected increment cores from these and matched unfertilized trees and compared radial growth ratios (growth in the 3-year post-fertilization period/growth in the 3-year pre-fertilization period) in paired t tests. We expected a higher mean ratio in the fertilized trees. No effect from fertilization was detected, nor was a trend evident on either river. An alternative test using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) produced a similar result. Our results underscore the need for additional assessment of which and to what extent factors other than water control dryland riverine productivity. Positive confirmation of adequate soil nutrients at these and other dryland riparian sites would bolster the argument that flow management is necessary and sufficient to maximize productivity and enhance resilience in affected desert riverine forests. C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Adair, Elizabeth Carol] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Nelson, Sigfrid Mark] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Reclamation's Science and Technology Program FX We thank the Superintendent of Dinosaur National Monument and the Manager of Browns Park National Wildlife for permission to work on these public lands. Comments by Jonathan Friedman, Stewart Rood, and anonymous reviewers helped us to improve the manuscript. The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest pertinent to the material presented here. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation's Science and Technology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 22 IS 5 BP 582 EP 589 DI 10.1111/rec.12104 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS8DG UT WOS:000344479800004 ER PT J AU Jones, LC Schwinning, S Esque, TC AF Jones, Lisa C. Schwinning, Susanne Esque, Todd C. TI Seedling Ecology and Restoration of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) in the Mojave Desert, United States SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; disturbance; elevation gradient; nurse plants; rodents; seed balls; seed bank; stress gradient; survivorship ID NORTH-AMERICA; COMMUNITIES; RECOVERY; DISTURBANCE; TRANSITION; TRIDENTATA; ECOSYSTEM; INVASION; SHRUBS AB Increases in fire frequency are disrupting many ecological communities not historically subjected to fire. In the southwestern United States, the blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) community is among the most threatened, often replaced by invasive annual grasses after fire. This long-lived shrub is vulnerable because it recruits sporadically, partially due to mast seeding and the absence of a seed bank. The goal of this study was to evaluate if shrub restoration can be enhanced by identifying and ameliorating recruitment limitations. Specifically, we tested the effect of encapsulating seeds in predation-deterring "seed balls." We also tested the effects of nurse plants and mammalian exclusion cages on seedling emergence, growth, and survivorship. These experiments were conducted in a full-factorial design across three sites differing in elevation. Over 2 years, 13% of all planted seeds emerged and the effect of seed balls was overwhelmingly negative because of low emergence. Nurse plants had overall positive effects at Low Elevation, but negative effects at Mid- and High Elevation. Emergence and survival were highest in caged plots everywhere, and effect sizes increased with elevation. Interactions between the cage and the nurse plant treatments indicated that nurse plants tended to attract mammalian predators, lowering emergence and seedling survivorship, particularly at higher elevations. Findings conform to the stress-gradient hypothesis in that interactions among seedlings and mature plants shifted from facilitation to competition as environmental stress decreased with increasing elevation, suggesting that they are transferable to ecologically similar communities elsewhere. Knowledge of site-specific recruitment limitations can help minimize ineffective restoration efforts. C1 [Jones, Lisa C.; Schwinning, Susanne] Texas State Univ San Marcos, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Jones, LC (reprint author), Texas State Univ San Marcos, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM LisaCJones@gmail.com RI Schwinning, Susanne/G-6412-2015 OI Schwinning, Susanne/0000-0002-9740-0291 FU Texas State University-San Marcos; USGS FX We are grateful to our collaborators at the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Las Vegas Field Station, particularly N. Custer and P. Emblidge for field assistance. We thank J. Veech for comments on earlier drafts that improved this manuscript. We also acknowledge H. Meckel, C. Warren, H. Dammeyer, K. Goodsheller, and others for helping to make thousands of seed balls. Funding was provided by Texas State University-San Marcos and the USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 22 IS 5 BP 692 EP 700 DI 10.1111/rec.12128 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS8DG UT WOS:000344479800017 ER PT J AU Downs, DT Wilson, CJN Cole, JW Rowland, JV Calvert, AT Leonard, GS Keall, JM AF Downs, D. T. Wilson, C. J. N. Cole, J. W. Rowland, J. V. Calvert, A. T. Leonard, G. S. Keall, J. M. TI Age and eruptive center of the Paeroa Subgroup ignimbrites (Whakamaru Group) within the Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SILICIC MAGMATIC SYSTEM; REPOROA CALDERA; STRATIGRAPHY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; BASIN; RIFT; PALEOMAGNETISM; SUBSIDENCE AB We here explore the temporal and spatial relationships between the contrasting sources for two eruptive episodes that collectively represent the Whakamaru Group, the largest ignimbrite-forming sequence in the similar to 2 m.y. history of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. At 349 +/- 4 ka (weighted mean at 2 sigma), the >1500 km(3) widespread Whakamaru Group ignimbrites and similar to 700 km(3) Rangitawa Tephra fallout were erupted in association with collapse of the 40 km long by 25 km wide rectilinear Whakamaru caldera. New Ar-40/Ar-39 age data presented here show that the co-magmatic >110 km(3) Paeroa Subgroup ignimbrites, previously included as part of the Whakamaru Group, are slightly younger and were erupted at 339 +/- 5 ka (weighted mean at 2s). New field evidence also presented here demonstrates that the Paeroa Subgroup ignimbrites came from a source geographically separated from vents for the widespread Whakamaru Group ignimbrites. The presence of co-ignimbrite lag breccias, sizes of vent-derived lithic clasts, thicknesses of exposed and subsurface deposits, and morphologies of deposits imply that eruptions of the Paeroa Subgroup occurred from a linear source (the Paeroa linear vent zone), coinciding with the present-day northeast-striking Paeroa fault, and outside (northeast) of the earlier Whakamaru caldera collapse area. No separate caldera has been recognized, although three nearby areas may have undergone eruption-related subsidence. Residual magma from the Whakamaru or adjacent Kapenga caldera areas may have migrated toward the Paeroa linear vent zone during eruptive episodes, resulting in subsidence in either, or both, of these areas. Shallow plutons are also inferred to lie beneath near source fault blocks (Paeroa and Te Weta) on each side of the fault, and eruption-related subsidence may have been expressed as movement across the Paeroa fault and localized subsidence in the southern Paeroa fault block. Subsequent secular, rift-related displacement along the Paeroa fault has obscured the Paeroa linear vent zone. C1 [Downs, D. T.; Rowland, J. V.] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Wilson, C. J. N.] Victoria Univ, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Cole, J. W.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Calvert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Leonard, G. S.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5035, New Zealand. [Keall, J. M.] First Australian Resources Ltd, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. RP Downs, DT (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM d.downs@auckland.ac.nz RI Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012; Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011; OI Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180; Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743; Downs, Drew/0000-0002-9056-1404 FU Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Geothermal Hotter and Deeper program FX We thank John Wilmshurst for X-ray fluorescence analyses and Euan Smith for statistical analyses. Financial support was provided by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Geothermal Hotter and Deeper program. We greatly appreciate comments from Pilar Villamor and Darren Gravley, and editorial handling and detailed comments by Jocelyn McPhie. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 126 IS 9-10 BP 1131 EP 1144 DI 10.1130/B30891.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR7KP UT WOS:000343758700001 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Meade, RH AF Moody, John A. Meade, Robert H. TI Ontogeny of point bars on a river in a cold semi-arid climate SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RESIDENCE TIME; BEATTON RIVER; POWDER RIVER; COMPLETENESS; SEDIMENT; DEPOSITS; MODELS; FLOODPLAINS AB During the extreme flood of May 1978 in Powder River, Montana, USA, three new point bars were created: two by meander cutoffs, and one by 65 m of lateral channel migration. By using annual cross-sectional surveys and by sampling sediment in dug trenches, we documented the creation of point-bar platforms upon which sediments were later deposited to create point-bar features that evolved with time. Our observations of point-bar growth and evolution on Powder River are compared with similar observations of other point bars in humid subtropical and subarctic climates. Powder River is a meandering alluvial river in a cold semi-arid climate, characterized by a diverse flow regime that includes occasional ice-jam floods in late winter, annual snowmelt floods in late spring, episodic flash floods in the summer, and infrequent floods in the fall. The building of the point-bar platform took place during a relatively short time span, by an apparently random process of deposition and erosion of unit bars during floods that gradually changed a concave channel surface to a convex surface upon which the point-bar features evolved. Point-bar features on Powder River were built by a superposition of multiple unit bars associated with five flood types over a period of years rather than during a single year. Erosion was found to be a significant process in the shaping of the point bars. Erosion varied spatially between point bars and temporally at multiple time scales over the 33 yr time span. Erosion at the decadal time scale indicated that on average 19%-41% of the initial deposits (older than 10 yr) were eroded. This quantification of erosion has implications for interpreting the geological record. C1 [Moody, John A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Meade, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 126 IS 9-10 BP 1301 EP 1316 DI 10.1130/B30992.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR7KP UT WOS:000343758700010 ER PT J AU Lambin, EF Meyfroidt, P Rueda, X Blackman, A Borner, J Cerutti, PO Dietsch, T Jungmann, L Lamarque, P Lister, J Walker, NF Wunder, S AF Lambin, Eric F. Meyfroidt, Patrick Rueda, Ximena Blackman, Allen Boerner, Jan Cerutti, Paolo Omar Dietsch, Thomas Jungmann, Laura Lamarque, Penelope Lister, Jane Walker, Nathalie F. Wunder, Sven TI Effectiveness and synergies of policy instruments for land use governance in tropical regions SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Protected area; Certification; Commodity roundtables; Geographical indication; Payment for environmental services; Deforestation ID FOREST-STEWARDSHIP-COUNCIL; PROTECTED AREAS; ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; COSTA-RICA; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPES; CERTIFICATION SCHEMES AB Land use is regulated through various mixes of command-and-control interventions that directly affect land use via land use restrictions, and other public interventions that indirectly affect land use via agricultural, forestry, trade or macro-economic policies. More recently, coalitions of public and private actors have designed market-based and/or demand-led policy instruments to influence land use-e.g., eco-certification, geographical indications, commodity roundtables, moratoria, and payments for environmental services. These innovative instruments fall along a continuum of state involvement and interact with traditional public forms of land use regulation, leading to "hybrid" interventions. This article reviews emerging evidence on the effectiveness of the main instruments used to promote sustainable land use, and explores interactions between the new demand-led interventions and formal regulatory public policies. Although there are still insufficient rigorous studies evaluating the effectiveness of hybrid instruments, available evidence suggests some positive direct and indirect benefits. Hybrid instruments combine elements from both private and public regulatory systems, in innovative and effective ways. We propose a typology to characterize potential interactions between instruments that regulate land use. It links various types of interactions-i.e., complementarity, substitution, and antagonism-to the various stages of regulatory processes-i.e., agenda setting, implementation, and monitoring and enforcement We give examples of governments endorsing certifications or using certification to support their own policies; governments creating enabling conditions for hybrid instruments to mature, allowing for wider adoption; and private instruments reinforcing public regulations or substituting for missing or weak governance. In some cases, governments, NGOs and corporations compete and may hinder each other's actions. With favourable institutional and governance contexts, well-designed hybrid public-private instruments can be effective. More systematic evaluation could boost the effectiveness of instruments and enhance synergistic interaction with traditional public land-use policy instruments to achieve incremental benefits as well as longer-term transformative outcomes in land-use protection. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lambin, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick; Lamarque, Penelope] Catholic Univ Louvain, Georges Lemaitre Ctr Earth & Climate Res, Earth & Life Inst, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. [Lambin, Eric F.; Rueda, Ximena] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lambin, Eric F.; Rueda, Ximena] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Meyfroidt, Patrick] FRS FNRS, Brussels, Belgium. [Rueda, Ximena] Univ Los Andes, Sch Management, Bogota, Colombia. [Blackman, Allen] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Boerner, Jan] Univ Bonn, Res Dev Ctr, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Boerner, Jan] Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Cerutti, Paolo Omar] Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Dietsch, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Jungmann, Laura] WWF Netherlands, NL-3708 JB Zeist, Netherlands. [Lister, Jane] Univ British Columbia, Liu Inst Global Issues, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Walker, Nathalie F.] Natl Advocacy Ctr, Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Walker, Nathalie F.] Global Canopy Programme, Oxford OX1 1HU, England. [Wunder, Sven] Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, BR-22210010 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Lambin, EF (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Georges Lemaitre Ctr Earth & Climate Res, Earth & Life Inst, Pl Louis Pasteur 3, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. EM eric.lambin@uclouvain.be; blackman@rff.org; jbomer@uni-bonn.de; p.cerutti@cgiar.org; tvdietsch@gmail.com; Ljungmann@wwf.nl; jane.lister@ubc.ca; walkern@nwf.org; swunder@cgiar.org RI Borner, Jan/I-2139-2015; Meyfroidt, Patrick/G-7768-2012; OI Meyfroidt, Patrick/0000-0002-1047-9794; Borner, Jan/0000-0003-3034-5360; Wunder, Sven/0000-0002-9422-0260; Rueda, Ximena/0000-0002-5991-4048 FU Francqui Foundation FX This paper is based on a workshop funded by the Francqui Foundation, whose support is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to Alain Karsenty and Elizabeth Kennedy for their contributions to the workshop. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the organizations to which they are affiliated. NR 124 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 16 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 EI 1872-9495 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 28 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA AR8QG UT WOS:000343839100012 ER PT J AU Valentine, BJ Hackley, PC Enomoto, CB Bove, AM Dulong, FT Lohr, CD Scott, KR AF Valentine, Brett J. Hackley, Paul C. Enomoto, Catherine B. Bove, Alana M. Dulong, Frank T. Lohr, Celeste D. Scott, Krystina R. TI Organic petrology of the Aptian-age section in the downdip Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, Mississippi, USA: Observations and preliminary implications for thermal maturation history SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solid bitumen; Organic petrology; Thermal maturity; Mississippi Interior Salt Basin; Aptian ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CRETACEOUS STRATA; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOURCE ROCKS; SHALE; LOUISIANA; PYROLYSIS; TEXAS; AREA; OIL AB This study identifies a thermal maturity anomaly within the downdip Mississippi Interior Salt Basin (MISB) of southern Mississippi, USA, through examination of bitumen reflectance data from Aptian-age strata (Sligo Formation, Pine Island Shale, James Limestone, and Rodessa Formation). U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reconnaissance investigations conducted in 2011-2012 examined Aptian-age thermal maturity trends across the onshore northern Gulf of Mexico region and indicated that the section in the downdip MISB is approaching the wet gas/condensate window (R-o similar to 1.2%). A focused study in 2012-2013 used 6 whole core, one sidewall core, and 49 high-graded cutting samples (depth range of 13,000-16,500 ft [3962.4-5029.2 m] below surface) collected from 15 downdip MISB wells for mineralogy, fluid inclusion, organic geochemistry, and organic petrographic analysis. Based on native solid bitumen reflectance (R-o generally >0.8%; interpreted to be post-oil indigenous bitumens matured in situ), R-o values increase regionally across the MISB from the southeast to the northwest. Thermal maturity in the eastern half of the basin (R-o range 1.0 to 1.25%) appears to be related to present-day burial depth and shows a gradual increase with respect to depth. To the west, thermal maturity continues to increase even as the Aptian section shallows structurally on the Adams County High (R-o range 1.4 to >1.8%). After evaluating the possible thermal agents responsible for increasing maturity at shallower depths (i.e., igneous activity, proximity to salt, variations in regional heat flux, and uplift), we tentatively propose that either greater paleoheat flow or deeper burial coupled with uplift in the western part of the MISB could be responsible for the thermal maturity anomaly. Further research and additional data are needed to determine the cause(s) of the thermal anomaly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valentine, Brett J.; Hackley, Paul C.; Enomoto, Catherine B.; Bove, Alana M.; Dulong, Frank T.; Lohr, Celeste D.; Scott, Krystina R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Valentine, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bvalentine@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 131 BP 378 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2014.07.001 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA AR8RS UT WOS:000343842800031 ER PT J AU Splinter, KD Turner, IL Davidson, MA Barnard, P Castelle, B Oltman-Shay, J AF Splinter, Kristen D. Turner, Ian L. Davidson, Mark A. Barnard, Patrick Castelle, Bruno Oltman-Shay, Joan TI A generalized equilibriummodel for predicting daily to interannual shoreline response SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE shoreline modeling; equilibrium modeling; environmental forcing ID WAVE CLIMATE; BEACH EROSION; SURF ZONES; MODEL; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS; ROTATION; COAST AB Coastal zone management requires the ability to predict coastline response to storms and longer-term seasonal to interannual variability in regional wave climate. Shoreline models typically rely on extensive historical observations to derive site-specific calibration. To circumvent the challenge that suitable data sets are rarely available, this contribution utilizes twelve 5+ year shoreline data sets from around the world to develop a generalized model for shoreline response. The shared dependency of model coefficients on local wave and sediment characteristics is investigated, enabling the model to be recast in terms of these more readily measurable quantities. Study sites range from microtidal to macrotidal coastlines, spanning moderate- to high-energy beaches. The equilibrium model adopted here includes time varying terms describing both the magnitude and direction of shoreline response as a result of onshore/offshore sediment transport between the surf zone and the beach face. The model contains two coefficients linked to wave-driven processes: (1) the response factor () that describes the memory of a beach to antecedent conditions and (2) the rate parameter (c) that describes the efficiency with which sand is transported between the beach face and surf zone. Across all study sites these coefficients are shown to depend in a predictable manner on the dimensionless fall velocity (), that in turn is a simple function of local wave conditions and sediment grain size. When tested on an unseen data set, the new equilibrium model with generalized forms of and c exhibited high skill (Brier Skills Score, BSS = 0.85). C1 [Splinter, Kristen D.; Turner, Ian L.] UNSW Australia, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Davidson, Mark A.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Barnard, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Castelle, Bruno] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Pessac, France. [Oltman-Shay, Joan] NorthWest Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA. RP Splinter, KD (reprint author), UNSW Australia, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM k.splinter@unsw.edu.au FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0046]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District; SOLAQUI; Region Aquitaine; ARC [LP100200348]; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage; Warringah Council; CoastalCOMS; Plymouth Universities' Marine Institute; UNSW Australia, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; project BARBEC [ANR N2010 JCJC 60201] FX This research was made possible with the help and data provided by many people, specifically the Argus user group who has provided the foundation and maintenance of numerous coastal imaging sites around the world. K.D.S. particularly wishes to thank R. Holman and J. Stanley of the Coastal Imaging Lab (CIL, Oregon State University) for their continued support in all things Argus and for always pushing her to think harder. The CIL is funded in part by the Office of Naval Research, N00014-10-1-0046. Argus-derived shoreline data from North Head, WA, USA were supplied by NWRA with funding from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District. Gold Coast and Narrabeen Argus-derived shorelines were provided by the UNSW Australia, Water Research Laboratory in partnership with Warringah Council and Gold Coast City Council. Profile data from Duck, NC were obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF). Beach Surveys at Truc Vert were funded by SOLAQUI and Region Aquitaine. K.D.S. wishes to thank J.K. Miller for providing historical data for Torrey Pines and Duck in the initial stages of this work. Wave data were obtained from Manly Hydraulics Laboratory, Gold Coast City Council, the FRF, NOAA and CDIP buoys, WWIII (Truc Vert), and SWAN modeling from E. Kearney and J. Hansen (USGS). Funding for K.D.S. was provided under ARC Linkage project LP100200348 with support from NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Warringah Council and CoastalCOMS. M.A.D. would like to thank the Plymouth Universities' Marine Institute for financial support for his sabbatical that made this work possible and a special thanks to UNSW Australia, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering for funding and hosting his visits to work with the Australian team. B.C. is funded by project BARBEC (ANR N2010 JCJC 60201). The GUI was developed by T. Beuzen under the direction of K.D.S. and I.L.T and funded by a UNSW Australia, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Elite Student Scholarship. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 1936 EP 1958 DI 10.1002/2014JF003106 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR9EY UT WOS:000343876500009 ER PT J AU Grifoll, M Gracia, V Aretxabaleta, A Guillen, J Espino, M Warner, JC AF Grifoll, Manel Gracia, Vicenc Aretxabaleta, Alfredo Guillen, Jorge Espino, Manuel Warner, John C. TI Formation of fine sediment deposit from a flash flood river in the Mediterranean Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sediment deposit; mud belt; inner-shelf; river dispersal; Mediterranean Sea ID CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INNER-SHELF; TRANSPORT EVENTS; MODELING SYSTEM; STORM EVENT; PO RIVER; NE SPAIN; GULF; LIONS; WAVE AB We identify the mechanisms controlling fine deposits on the inner-shelf in front of the Bess River, in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. This river is characterized by a flash flood regime discharging large amounts of water (more than 20 times the mean water discharge) and sediment in very short periods lasting from hours to few days. Numerical model output was compared with bottom sediment observations and used to characterize the multiple spatial and temporal scales involved in offshore sediment deposit formation. A high-resolution (50 m grid size) coupled hydrodynamic-wave-sediment transport model was applied to the initial stages of the sediment dispersal after a storm-related flood event. After the flood, sediment accumulation was predominantly confined to an area near the coastline as a result of preferential deposition during the final stage of the storm. Subsequent reworking occurred due to wave-induced bottom shear stress that resuspended fine materials, with seaward flow exporting them toward the midshelf. Wave characteristics, sediment availability, and shelf circulation determined the transport after the reworking and the final sediment deposition location. One year simulations of the regional area revealed a prevalent southwestward average flow with increased intensity downstream. The circulation pattern was consistent with the observed fine deposit depocenter being shifted southward from the river mouth. At the southern edge, bathymetry controlled the fine deposition by inducing near-bottom flow convergence enhancing bottom shear stress. According to the short-term and long-term analyses, a seasonal pattern in the fine deposit formation is expected. C1 [Grifoll, Manel; Gracia, Vicenc; Espino, Manuel] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, Barcelona, Spain. [Grifoll, Manel; Gracia, Vicenc; Espino, Manuel] Ctr Int Invest Dels Recursos Costaners, Barcelona, Spain. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Guillen, Jorge] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, Barcelona, Spain. RP Grifoll, M (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, Barcelona, Spain. EM manel.grifoll@upc.edu RI Guillen, Jorge/E-6564-2010; Gracia, Vicente/I-2036-2015; OI Guillen, Jorge/0000-0001-7162-8135; Gracia, Vicente/0000-0002-4628-426X; Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018; Grifoll, Manel/0000-0003-4260-6732 FU Field_ac [FP7/2007/2013-242284]; Mestral [CTM-2011-30489]; ICOAST project [ECHO/SUB/2013/661009] FX The author wants to acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions from Pat Dickhudt (USGS, Woods Hole), P. Soupy Dalyander (USGS, St. Petersburg), and Jose Jimenez and Juan Fernandez (LIM/UPC Laboratory of Marine Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona). The authors are thankful to Joan Puigdefabregas (LIM/UPC, Barcelona) and Jordi Cateura (LIM/UPC, Barcelona) for the data acquisition. The research leading to these results and data acquisition has received funding from the Field_ac (FP7/2007/2013-242284), Mestral (CTM-2011-30489), and ICOAST project (ECHO/SUB/2013/661009). We acknowledge XIOM network (www.lim.cat) and ACA Water Catalan Agency (www.gencat.cat/aca) for the data provided. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5837 EP 5853 DI 10.1002/2014JC010187 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200015 ER PT J AU Froment, B McGuire, JJ van der Hilst, RD Gouedard, P Roland, EC Zhang, H Collins, JA AF Froment, B. McGuire, J. J. van der Hilst, R. D. Gouedard, P. Roland, E. C. Zhang, H. Collins, J. A. TI Imaging along-strike variations inmechanical properties of the Gofar transform fault, East Pacific Rise SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE imaging; mid-ocean ridge transform fault; fault zone; double-difference tomography ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; STRONG GROUND MOTION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; HAYWARD FAULT; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURES; CALIFORNIA; TOMOGRAPHY; VELOCITY; ZONES; SLIP AB A large part of global plate motion on mid-ocean ridge transform faults (RTFs) is not accommodated as major earthquakes. When large earthquakes do occur, they often repeat quasiperiodically. We focus here on the high slip rate (approximate to 14cm/yr) Gofar transform fault on the equatorial East Pacific Rise. This fault is subdivided into patches that slip during M-w 5.5-6 earthquakes every 5 to 6 years. These patches are separated by rupture barriers that accommodate slip through swarms of smaller events and/or aseismic creep. We performed an imaging study to investigate which spatiotemporal variations of the fault zone properties control this segmentation in mechanical behavior and could explain the specific behavior of RTFs at the global scale. We adopt a double-difference approach in a joint inversion of active air gun shots and microseismicity recorded for 1 year. This data set includes the 2008 M-w 6 Gofar earthquake. The along-strike P wave velocity structure reveals an abrupt transition between the barrier area, characterized by a damaged fault zone of 10-20% reduced V-p and a nearly intact fault zone in the asperity area. The importance of the strength of the damage zone on the mechanical behavior is supported by the temporal S wave velocity changes which suggest increased damage within the barrier area, during the week preceding the M-w 6 earthquake. Our results support the conclusion that extended highly damaged zones are the key factor in limiting the role of major earthquakes to accommodate plate motion along RTFs. C1 [Froment, B.; van der Hilst, R. D.; Gouedard, P.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [McGuire, J. J.; Roland, E. C.; Collins, J. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Roland, E. C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Zhang, H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zhang, H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Geophys Res Inst, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Froment, B (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM fromentb@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [1232725, 0242117]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX All data used have been acquired and made available by WHOI. This data set is archived at the IRIS Data Center and publicly available to anyone. The material presented here is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation grants 1232725 and 0242117. We thank the W. M. Keck Foundation for the financial support to build the OBSs that carried strong-motion accelerometers. We thank Margaret Boettcher, Monica Wolfson-Schwehr, Harsha Bhat, Renata Dmowska for helpful discussions during the completion of this work as well as an Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers who provide helpful comments and suggestions. We thank the crews of the RVs Thomas G. Thompson, Marcus Langseth, and Atlantis for three nearly flawless cruises needed to collect this data set. We thank the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Ocean Bottom Seismic Instrumentation Pool group, K. Peal, R. Handy, A. Gardner, D. Dubois, D. Kot, P. Lemmond, and J. Ryder, for collecting such an amazing data set. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 7175 EP 7194 DI 10.1002/2014JB011270 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR9EI UT WOS:000343874600025 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB AF Fletcher, Jon B. TI Frequency-dependent effects of rupture for the 2004 Parkfield main shock, results from UPSAR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE rupture; frequency dependence; Parkfield ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; MODELING DIRECTIVITY; SMALL EARTHQUAKES; TECTONIC STRESS; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; RADIATION; WAVES; SLIP AB The frequency-dependent effects of rupture propagation of the Parkfield, California, earthquake (28 September 2004, M6) to the northwest along the San Andreas Fault can be seen in acceleration records at UPSAR (USGS Parkfield Seismic Array) in at least two ways. First, we can see the effects of directivity in the acceleration traces at UPSAR, which is about 11.5km from the epicenter. Directivity or the seismic equivalent of a Doppler shift has been documented in many cases by comparing short-duration, high-amplitude pulses (P or S) in the forward direction with longer-duration body waves in the backward direction. In this case we detect a change from a relatively large amplitude, coherent, high-frequency signal at the start of rupture to a low-amplitude, low-coherent, low-frequency signal at about the time the rupture front transfers from the forward azimuth to the back azimuth at about 34-36s (time is UTC and is the seconds after day 272 and 17h and 15min. S arrival is just after 30 s) for rays leaving the fault and propagating to UPSAR. The frequency change is obvious in the band about 5 to 30Hz, which is significantly above the corner frequency of the earthquake (about 0.11 Hz). From kinematic source models, the duration of faulting is about 9.2s, and the change in frequency is during faulting as the rupture extends to the northwest. Understanding the systematic change in frequency and amplitude of seismic waves in relation to the propagation of the rupture front is important for predicting strong ground motion. Second, we can filter the acceleration records from the array to determine if the low-frequency energy emerges from the same part of the fault as the high-frequency signal (e.g., has the same back azimuth and apparent velocity at UPSAR), an important clue to the dynamics of rupture. Analysis of sources of strong motion (characterized by relatively high frequencies) compared to kinematic slip models (relatively low frequency) for the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake as well as Maule (27 February 2010) and Chi-Chi (20 September 1999) earthquakes show that high- and low-frequency sources do not have the same locations on the fault. In this paper we filter the accelerograms from UPSAR for the 2004 main shock in various passbands and then recompute the cross correlations to determine the vector slowness of the incoming waves. At Parkfield, it appears that for seismic waves with frequencies above 1Hz, there is no discernible frequency-dependent difference in source position (up to 8Hz) based on estimates of back azimuth and apparent velocity. However, at lower frequencies, sources appear to be from shallower depths and trail the high frequencies as the rupture proceeds down the fault. This result is greater than one standard deviation of an estimate of error, based on a new method of estimating error that is a measure of how broad the peak in correlation is and an estimate of the variance of the correlation values. These observations can be understood in terms of a rupture front that is more energetic and coherent near the front of rupture (radiating higher frequencies) and less coherent and less energetic (radiating in a lower frequency band) behind the initial rupture front. This result is a qualitative assessment of changes in azimuth and apparent velocity with frequency and time and does not include corrections to find the source location on the fault. Key Points Frequency dependence of directivity is observed at UPSAR for the 2004 Parkfield earthquakeSeismic radiation from moving rupture changes with frequency C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfletcher@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 7195 EP 7208 DI 10.1002/2014JB011007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR9EI UT WOS:000343874600026 ER PT J AU Bagnardi, M Poland, MP Carbone, D Baker, S Battaglia, M Amelung, F AF Bagnardi, Marco Poland, Michael P. Carbone, Daniele Baker, Scott Battaglia, Maurizio Amelung, Falk TI Gravity changes and deformation at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Klauea Volcano; gravity measurements; InSAR; mass accumulation; lava lake; analytical models ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS; HALF-SPACE; MAGMA BODY; CALIFORNIA; GPS; OPTIMIZATION; EARTHQUAKE AB Analysis of microgravity and surface displacement data collected at the summit of Klauea Volcano, Hawaii (USA), between December 2009 and November 2012 suggests a net mass accumulation at similar to 1.5km depth beneath the northeast margin of Halemaumau Crater, within Klauea Caldera. Although residual gravity increases and decreases are accompanied by periods of uplift and subsidence of the surface, respectively, the volume change inferred from the modeling of interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation data can account for only a small portion (as low as 8%) of the mass addition responsible for the gravity increase. We propose that since the opening of a new eruptive vent at the summit of Klauea in 2008, magma rising to the surface of the lava lake outgasses, becomes denser, and sinks to deeper levels, replacing less dense gas-rich magma stored in the Halemaumau magma reservoir. In fact, a relatively small density increase (<200kgm(-3)) of a portion of the reservoir can produce the positive residual gravity change measured during the period with the largest mass increase, between March 2011 and November 2012. Other mechanisms may also play a role in the gravity increase without producing significant uplift of the surface, including compressibility of magma, formation of olivine cumulates, and filling of void space by magma. The rate of gravity increase, higher than during previous decades, varies through time and seems to be directly correlated with the volcanic activity occurring at both the summit and the east rift zone of the volcano. C1 [Bagnardi, Marco; Amelung, Falk] Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, RSMAS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Carbone, Daniele] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy. [Baker, Scott] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO USA. [Battaglia, Maurizio] Univ Rome, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy. [Battaglia, Maurizio] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bagnardi, M (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM M.Bagnardi@leeds.ac.uk RI Carbone, Daniele/H-7649-2014; OI Carbone, Daniele/0000-0003-2566-6290; Baker, Scott/0000-0003-4802-8371; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Part of this research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NESSF11 graduate assistantship for Marco Bagnardi). The purchase of the gravimeters by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory was made possible by the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act. The InSAR data are courtesy of the Hawai'i Supersite (CSK from ASI and TSX from DLR). We would like to thank M. Patrick and T. Orr for providing data on lava lake geometry and levels. We also thank USGS-HVO employees and volunteers that helped with the gravity surveys, including K. Anderson, S. Brantley, I. Johanson, J. Johnson, A. Learner, S. Mordensky, A. Pitty, M. Sako, and S. Wilkinson. Thanks to G. Williams-Jones, R. del Potro, and D. Dzurisin, whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 7288 EP 7305 DI 10.1002/2014JB011506 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AR9EI UT WOS:000343874600031 ER PT J AU Choi, M Furlong, ET Werner, SL Pait, AS Lee, IS Choi, HG AF Choi, Minkyu Furlong, Edward T. Werner, Stephen L. Pait, Anthony S. Lee, In-Seok Choi, Hee-Gu TI Cimetidine, acetaminophen, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine, as indicators of wastewater pollution in marine sediments from Masan Bay, Korea SO OCEAN SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical; sewage; fecal sterols; wastewater treatment plant ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TREATMENT PLANTS; ANTIDEPRESSANT PHARMACEUTICALS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE-WATER; CONTAMINATION; STREAMS; RIVER; EFFLUENT; FATE AB Concerns have emerged regarding the presence of human-use pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. We investigated the status of contamination by 29 human-use pharmaceuticals as well as wastewater indicator compounds, fecal sterols and the synthetic endocrine disruptor nonylphenol, in marine sediments from Masan Bay, one of the most contaminated bays in Korea as a result of untreated and/or treated sewage. Among the 29 pharmaceuticals determined, 10 including antacid, analgesic, antibiotic, and antipruritic compounds, and metabolites of caffeine and nicotine were detected in all sediment samples. Cimetidine, acetaminophen, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals (frequency > 50%), and at high concentrations. The highest concentrations and detection frequencies were at stations located close to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls and at the river mouth. The spatial distributions of pharmaceutical were significantly correlated with those of wastewater compounds. These results indicate that occurrence of the pharmaceuticals in marine environments is likely associated with direct sewage inputs, such as WWTP effluents and with other sewage-influenced sources, such as river discharge. C1 [Choi, Minkyu; Lee, In-Seok; Choi, Hee-Gu] NFRDI, Marine Environm Res Div, Pusan 619705, South Korea. [Furlong, Edward T.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pait, Anthony S.] NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Choi, M (reprint author), NFRDI, Marine Environm Res Div, Pusan 619705, South Korea. EM mkchoi3@korea.kr FU National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Korea [RP-2014-ME-24]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) FX This work was funded by a grant from the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI, RP-2014-ME-24), Korea. The part of the study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) Joint project. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU KOREA OCEAN RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT INST PI SEOUL PA P O BOX 29, SEOUL, 425-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5261 EI 2005-7172 J9 OCEAN SCI J JI Ocean Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s12601-014-0023-8 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR8KQ UT WOS:000343824400007 ER PT J AU Qiu, KF Li, N Taylor, RD Song, YH Song, KR Han, WZ Zhang, DX AF Qiu KunFeng Li Nan Taylor, Ryan D. Song YaoHui Song KaiRui Han WangZhen Zhang DongXu TI Timing and duration of metallogeny of the Wenquan deposit in the West Qinling, and its constrain on a proposed classification for porphyry molybdenum deposits SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Porphyry molybdenum deposits; Duration of metallogeny; Proposed classification; Wenquan deposit; West Qinling Orogen ID JIAODONG GOLD PROVINCE; MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL EVENTS; RE-OS GEOCHRONOLOGY; U-PB; OROGENIC BELT; SOUTHWEST CHINA; SANJIANG TETHYS; SUPERIMPOSED OROGENESIS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; NORTHEAST CHINA AB Determining the absolute duration of magmatic-hydrothermal events leading to the formation of porphyry molybdenum deposits is one of the key questions in economic geology, and it is instrumental to the development of genetic models necessary to explore a category of mineral deposits that provide most of the molybdenum and/or copper to our economy. Studies on the magmatic-hydrothermal evolutionary duration of porphyry molybdenum deposits have important implications for the genesis of such deposits during crustal evolution, and also provide insight into how porphyry deposits evolve, both geochemically and dynamically. The Wenquan Mo deposit, closely associated with the concentrically zoned multiphase Wenquan batholith in the West Qinling orogen, has been well studied with volumes of geochronological data. The composite ore-bearing intrusion ranges in composition from granodiorite to porphyritic monzogranite, and has Zircon U-Pb ages ranging from 224.6 +/- 2.5Ma to 216.2 +/- 1.7Ma, the youngest phase being porphyritic and spatially associated with Mo mineralization. Re-Os dates on molybdenite are between 212.7 +/- 2. 6 Ma and 215. 1 +/- 2.6 Ma, consistent with the age of the ore-bearing phase of the batholith, indicating a close temporal and thus possible genetic relationship between molybdenite mineralization and granitic magmatism, which took place during initial tectonic relaxation following collision of the North and South China blocks. This period also corresponds to metamorphism and deformation in the South Qinling terrane along the suture and the exhumation of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks to the east. Potassium-argon of biotites have ages ranging from 226Ma to 207Ma, indicating two probable cooling events at ca. 223Ma and 208Ma, and mineralization at ca. 216Ma. Overlapping mineralization ages, based on multiple chronometers, between the intrusive ages and the cooling age suggest a prolonged magmatic-hydrothermal episode responsible for Mo mineralization, and relatively rapid cooling rates after cessation of igneous activity. Aiming at better interpreting metallogeny and corresponding geodynamic settings, here we recognize a new classification scheme for porphyry Mo (Cu) systems, based on comparison of the typical porphyry Mo (Cu) deposits worldwide, as followings, oceanic subduction and continents collision settings in a compressional regime, and post-collision, back-arc and intraplate rift settings in an extensional regime. Although the porphyry Mo (Cu) deposits could be formed in each stage of the oceanic subduction -> continents collision -> post-collision -> intraplate rift cycle, the tectonic regime transformation settings are in particular favorable metallogenic environment for the porphyry Mo (Cu) deposits. C1 [Qiu KunFeng; Li Nan; Song YaoHui; Song KaiRui] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Qiu KunFeng; Taylor, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Han WangZhen; Zhang DongXu] Gansu Nonferrous Met Geol Explorat Bur, Tianshui Gen Team, Tianshui 741025, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, KF (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM kunfeng.qiu@gmail.com OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 NR 90 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0569 J9 ACTA PETROL SIN JI Acta Petrol. Sin. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2631 EP 2643 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA AR4AR UT WOS:000343530900014 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, DH Petrula, MJ Schamber, JL Zwiefelhofer, D Hollmen, TE Hill, DD AF Rosenberg, Daniel H. Petrula, Michael J. Schamber, Jason L. Zwiefelhofer, Denny Hollmen, Tuula E. Hill, Douglas D. TI Seasonal Movements and Distribution of Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) Wintering at Kodiak Island, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; habitat use; Kodiak Island; migration; Polysticta stelleri; Russia; satellite telemetry; sea duck; Steller's Eider; waterfowl ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; MIGRATION; SEA; PENINSULA; PATTERNS; GEESE; TRANSMITTERS; POPULATION AB We used satellite telemetry in 2004-06 to describe the annual movements and habitat use of a segment of the Pacific population of Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) that winters at Kodiak Island, Alaska. Information about broad-scale patterns of seasonal distribution and links among annual cycle stages is critical for interpreting population trends and developing conservation strategies. We captured birds in Chiniak Bay at Kodiak Island in late February and early March and monitored the movements after departure from Kodiak Island of 24 satellite-tagged birds: 16 after-second-year (ASY) age class females, one second-year age class female, and seven ASY males. All birds used the same intercontinental migration corridor during spring, but routes and chronology of spring migration appeared to vary by year and among individuals. Sixteen of the 24 birds that were tracked migrated to breeding areas along the Arctic coast of Russia from the Chukotka Peninsula to the Taymyr Peninsula; five birds, assumed to be non-breeding, spent the summer in nearshore waters of Russia and Alaska; and the remaining three birds either died during spring migration or had failed transmitters. Thirteen birds were tracked to molt sites that were broadly distributed along the coast of Alaska. Molt sites included St. Lawrence Island, the Kuskokwim Shoals, Kamishak Bay, and three sites along the Alaska Peninsula. Twelve of these 13 birds returned to Kodiak Island to winter, and a single male wintered on the Alaska Peninsula. Steller's Eiders marked during winter at Kodiak Island were widely distributed during the breeding season,. but a large proportion of marked birds returned to molting and wintering areas in two years of the study. C1 [Rosenberg, Daniel H.; Petrula, Michael J.; Schamber, Jason L.; Hill, Douglas D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Zwiefelhofer, Denny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Hollmen, Tuula E.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Hollmen, Tuula E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Schamber, JL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM jason.schamber@alaska.gov FU USFWS; U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Grant [E-5-HP-1] FX We thank Leslie Kerr, William Pyle, Jeff Lewis, and Paul Banyas of the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge for their many invaluable contributions to all aspects of the project. Brad Stevens and Rich Macintosh, National Marine Fisheries Service, Kodiak Fisheries Research Center, provided their facilities, field support, and local knowledge. Loren Buck of the University of Alaska graciously provided holding facilities for the eiders and lab space. Exceptional veterinary care and animal husbandry were provided by Dr. Pam Tuomi, Heidi Cline, and Tasha DiMarzio of the Alaska SeaLife Center; Dr. Corrine Brown and Joanne Luebbert of the Alaska Wildlife and Wildfowl Conservation; and Dr. Vicki Vanek of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). We owe thanks to Captain Robert L. Lachowsky, Commanding Officer of the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Integrated Support Command Kodiak for use of the local base, and Torn Demi of the Coast Guard Fire Department. We thank the NOAA Fisheries Office for Enforcement for use of their facilities. Also, we thank Tom Rothe, John Crye, Larry Van Daele, Doris Mensch, Celia Rozen, Denby Lloyd, Jim McCullough, and Patty Nelson of ADF&G for their many contributions. We thank Declan Troy of Troy Ecological Research Associates; Tim Bowman, Nora Rojek, and Chris Latty of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); and Dave Simmers of the USCG for their dedicated assistance in capture operations. Finally, we extend many thanks to Mike Roy, Judy Jacobs, and Sue Detweiler of the USFWS Endangered Species Program and the USFWS for their financial and administrative support. This project was funded by U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Grant E-5-HP-1: Habitat Conservation Planning for Alaska Coastal Species: Studies Related to Listed and Candidate Marine Birds. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AR5RM UT WOS:000343641200005 ER PT J AU Terenzi, J Jorgenson, MT Ely, CR AF Terenzi, John Jorgenson, M. Torre Ely, Craig R. TI Storm-Surge Flooding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; coast; drift lines; flooding; habitat; Radarsat-1; storm surge; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta; Yup'ik ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; BERING-SEA; RADAR IMAGERY; NORTH PACIFIC; COASTAL; ECOSYSTEMS; LOUISIANA; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; CLIMATE AB Coastal regions of Alaska are regularly affected by intense storms of ocean origin, the frequency and intensity of which are expected to increase as a result of global climate change. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), situated in western Alaska on the eastern edge of the Bering Sea, is one of the largest deltaic systems in North America. Its low relief makes it especially susceptible to storm-driven flood tides and increases in sea level. Little information exists on the extent of flooding caused by storm surges in western Alaska and its effects on salinization, shoreline erosion, permafrost thaw, vegetation, wildlife, and the subsistence-based economy. In this paper, we summarize storm flooding events in the Bering Sea region of western Alaska during 1913-2011 and map both the extent of inland flooding caused by autumn storms on the central YKD, using Radarsat-1 and MODIS satellite imagery, and the drift lines, using high-resolution IKONOS satellite imagery and field surveys. The largest storm surges occurred in autumn and were associated with high tides and strong (>65 km hr(-1)) southwest winds. Maximum inland extent of flooding from storm surges was 30.3 km in 2005, 27.4 km in 2006, and 32.3 km in 2011, with total flood area covering 47.1%, 32.5%, and 39.4% of the 6730 km(2) study area, respectively. Peak stages for the 2005 and 2011 storms were 3.1 m and 3.3 m above mean sea level (amsl), respectively-almost as high as the 3.5 m amsl elevation estimated for the largest storm observed (in November 1974). Several historically abandoned village sites lie within the area of inundation of the largest flood events. With projected sea level rise, large storms are expected to become more frequent and cover larger areas, with deleterious effects on freshwater ponds, non-saline habitats, permafrost, and landscapes used by nesting birds and local people. C1 [Terenzi, John; Ely, Craig R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Jorgenson, MT (reprint author), Alaska Ecosci, 2332 Cordes Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM ecoscience@alaska.net FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX The work was supported by funds received through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The Alaska Satellite Facility at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, and NASA graciously provided the Radarsat-1 imagery. T. Doolittle (USFWS) enthusiastically promoted the project and arranged logistical support. E. Josberger (USGS) and K. Spragens (USFWS) stimulated and encouraged this effort. We are grateful for fieldwork assistance from B. Jones in 2008, K. Jorgenson in 2009, and F. Keim in 2011. Logistical help from the people of Chevak is greatly appreciated, J. Pearce (USGS), J. Takekawa (USGS), and D. Forbes provided helpful reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2014 VL 67 IS 3 BP 360 EP 374 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AR5RM UT WOS:000343641200006 ER PT J AU He, YJ Yang, JY Zhuang, QL McGuire, AD Zhu, Q Liu, YL Teskey, RO AF He, Yujie Yang, Jinyan Zhuang, Qianlai McGuire, Anthony D. Zhu, Qing Liu, Yaling Teskey, Robert O. TI Uncertainty in the fate of soil organic carbon: A comparison of three conceptually different decomposition models at a larch plantation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MICHAELIS-MENTEN KINETICS; USE EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RESPIRATION; CLIMATE; MATTER; CYCLE AB Conventional Q10 soil organic matter decomposition models and more complex microbial models are available for making projections of future soil carbon dynamics. However, it is unclear (1) how well the conceptually different approaches can simulate observed decomposition and (2) to what extent the trajectories of long-term simulations differ when using the different approaches. In this study, we compared three structurally different soil carbon (C) decomposition models (one Q10 and two microbial models of different complexity), each with a one-and two-horizon version. The models were calibrated and validated using 4 years of measurements of heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux from trenched plots in a Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) plantation. All models reproduced the observed heterotrophic component of soil CO2 efflux, but the trajectories of soil carbon dynamics differed substantially in 100 year simulations with and without warming and increased litterfall input, with microbial models that produced better agreement with observed changes in soil organic C in long-term warming experiments. Our results also suggest that both constant and varying carbon use efficiency are plausible when modeling future decomposition dynamics and that the use of a short-term (e. g., a few years) period of measurement is insufficient to adequately constrain model parameters that represent long-term responses of microbial thermal adaption. These results highlight the need to reframe the representation of decomposition models and to constrain parameters with long-term observations and multiple data streams. We urge caution in interpreting future soil carbon responses derived from existing decomposition models because both conceptual and parameter uncertainties are substantial. C1 [He, Yujie; Zhuang, Qianlai; Zhu, Qing; Liu, Yaling] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yang, Jinyan; Teskey, Robert O.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yang, Jinyan] Northeast Forestry Univ, Ctr Ecol Res, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McGuire, Anthony D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP He, YJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM he72@purdue.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017 OI He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399 FU DOE SciDAC project; Abrupt Climate Change project; NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64599]; NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems [NSF-1028291]; NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth program [NSF-0630319]; NSF FX Parameter data supporting Figure 3 is available in Tables S1-S3 in the supporting information. Other simulation data including model codes are available upon request from the corresponding author. The research is funded by a DOE SciDAC project and an Abrupt Climate Change project. This study is also supported through projects funded by the NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program (NASA-NNX09AI26G), Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER64599), the NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (NSF-1028291), and the NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth program (NSF-0630319). This research was also supported by the NSF-funded Bonanza Creek LTER program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 1892 EP 1905 DI 10.1002/2014JG002701 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AR1UJ UT WOS:000343369800010 ER EF