FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Welty, EZ Torgersen, CE Brenkman, SJ Duda, JJ Armstrong, JB AF Welty, Ethan Z. Torgersen, Christian E. Brenkman, Samuel J. Duda, Jeffrey J. Armstrong, Jonathan B. TI Multiscale Analysis of River Networks using the R Package linbin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT; SCALE; FISH; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS; MODELS AB Analytical tools are needed in riverine science and management to bridge the gap between GIS and statistical packages that were not designed for the directional and dendritic structure of streams. We introduce linbin, an R package developed for the analysis of riverscapes at multiple scales. With this software, riverine data on aquatic habitat and species distribution can be scaled and plotted automatically with respect to their position in the stream network or-in the case of temporal data-their position in time. The linbin package aggregates data into bins of different sizes as specified by the user. We provide case studies illustrating the use of the software for (1) exploring patterns at different scales by aggregating variables at a range of bin sizes, (2) comparing repeat observations by aggregating surveys into bins of common coverage, and (3) tailoring analysis to data with custom bin designs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of linbin for summarizing patterns throughout an entire stream network, and we analyze the diel and seasonal movements of tagged fish past a stationary receiver to illustrate how linbin can be used with temporal data. In short, linbin enables more rapid analysis of complex data sets by fisheries managers and stream ecologists and can reveal underlying spatial and temporal patterns of fish distribution and habitat throughout a riverscape. C1 [Welty, Ethan Z.; Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Cascadia Field Stn, Sch Environm & Forest Sci,Forest & Rangeland Ecos, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brenkman, Samuel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Armstrong, Jonathan B.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Welty, EZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ethan.welty@colorado.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Jeremy M. Cram, Katherine J. C. Klett, David J. Lawrence, and other early adopters of the code for their testing and useful feature suggestions, and we thank Katherine Beirne for preparing the Quinault River data for analysis. We are grateful to the Working Group on Dam Removal at the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for contributing to the ideas behind this work; and the U.S. National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for contributing financially. We appreciate Nathaniel P. Hitt, Daniel J. Daugherty, and two anonymous reviewers for their assistance and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 802 EP 809 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1044764 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CR7LN UT WOS:000361531400018 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Perry, RW Connor, WP Mullins, FL Rabe, CD Nelson, DD AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Perry, Russell W. Connor, William P. Mullins, Frank L. Rabe, Craig D. Nelson, Doug D. TI Survival, Growth, and Tag Retention in Age-0 Chinook Salmon Implanted with 8-, 9-, and 12-mm PIT Tags SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SNAKE RIVER; NILE TILAPIA; BROWN TROUT; MORTALITY; SIZE; STEELHEAD; FISH AB The ability to represent a population of migratory juvenile fish with PIT tags becomes difficult when the minimum tagging size is larger than the average size at which fish begin to move downstream. Tags that are smaller (e.g., 8 and 9 mm) than the commonly used 12-mm PIT tags are currently available, but their effects on survival, growth, and tag retention in small salmonid juveniles have received little study. We evaluated growth, survival, and tag retention in age-0 Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of three size-groups: 40-49-mm fish were implanted with 8- and 9-mm tags, and 50-59-mm and 60-69-mm fish were implanted with 8-, 9-, and 12-mm tags. Survival 28 d after tagging ranged from 97.8% to 100% across all trials, providing no strong evidence for a fish-size-related tagging effect or a tag size effect. No biologically significant effects of tagging on growth in FL (mm/d) or weight (g/d) were observed. Although FL growth in tagged fish was significantly reduced for the 40-49-mm and 50-59-mm groups over the first 7 d, growth rates were not different thereafter, and all fish were similar in size by the end of the trials (day 28). Tag retention across all tests ranged from 93% to 99%. We acknowledge that actual implantation of 8- or 9-mm tags into small fish in the fieldwill pose additional challenges (e.g., capture and handling stress) beyond those observed in our laboratory. However, we conclude that experimental use of the smaller tags for small fish in the field is supported by our findings. C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Connor, William P.; Mullins, Frank L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Rabe, Craig D.; Nelson, Doug D.] Nez Perce Tribe, Dept Fisheries Resources Management, Lapwai, ID 83540 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration [199102900] FX This research was supported through funding provided by Bonneville Power Administration Project 199102900, administered by D. Docherty and S. Bradbury. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the Nez Perce Tribe. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1052163 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CR7LN UT WOS:000361531400023 ER PT J AU Fogarty, LR Haack, SK Johnson, HE Brennan, AK Isaacs, NM Spencer, C AF Fogarty, Lisa R. Haack, Sheridan K. Johnson, Heather E. Brennan, Angela K. Isaacs, Natasha M. Spencer, Chelsea TI Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) at ambient freshwater beaches SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bathing water quality; CA-MRSA; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; recreational water; Staphylococcus aureus ID COMMUNITY; BACTERIA; SEAWATER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; INDICATORS; QUALITY; BATHERS; COHORT; SAND AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a threat to human health worldwide, and although detected at marine beaches, they have been largely unstudied at freshwater beaches. Genes indicating S. aureus (SA; femA) and methicillin resistance (mecA) were detected at 11 and 12 of 13 US Great Lakes beaches and in 18% or 27% of 287 recreational water samples, respectively. Eight beaches had mecA + femA (potential MRSA) detections. During an intensive study, higher bather numbers, staphylococci concentrations, and femA detections were found in samples collected after noon than before noon. Local population density, beach cloud cover, and beach wave height were significantly correlated with SA or MRSA detection frequency. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene, associated with community-acquired MRSA, was detected in 12 out of 27 potential MRSA samples. The femA gene was detected less frequently at beaches that met US enterococci criteria or EU enterococci 'excellent' recreational water quality, but was not related to Escherichia coli-defined criteria. Escherichia coli is often the only indicator used to determine water quality at US beaches, given the economic and healthcare burden that can be associated with infections caused by SA and MRSA, monitoring of recreational waters for non-fecal bacteria such as staphylococci and/or SA may be warranted. C1 [Fogarty, Lisa R.; Haack, Sheridan K.; Johnson, Heather E.; Brennan, Angela K.; Isaacs, Natasha M.; Spencer, Chelsea] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Fogarty, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, 6520 Mercantile Way Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM lrfogart@usgs.gov FU Ocean Research Priority Plan; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, USEPA; USGS FX We would like to thank all the County Health Departments and beach managers who participated in this study by collecting samples and providing beach E. coli results. This study was funded by the Ocean Research Priority Plan, USGS and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, USEPA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2015 VL 13 IS 3 BP 680 EP 692 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.278 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CQ7OI UT WOS:000360793100006 PM 26322754 ER PT J AU Byrom, AE Nkwabi, AJK Metzger, K Mduma, SAR Forrester, GJ Ruscoe, WA Reed, DN Bukombe, J Mchetto, J Sinclair, ARE AF Byrom, Andrea E. Nkwabi, Ally J. K. Metzger, Kristine Mduma, Simon A. R. Forrester, Guy J. Ruscoe, Wendy A. Reed, Denne N. Bukombe, John Mchetto, John Sinclair, A. R. E. TI Anthropogenic stressors influence small mammal communities in tropical East African savanna at multiple spatial scales SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agro-ecosystem; biodiversity conservation; climate change; land use; resilience; rodent; Serengeti; species richness ID SERENGETI-NATIONAL-PARK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARGE HERBIVORES; SOUTH-AFRICA; ARVICANTHIS-NILOTICUS; THALLOMYS-NIGRICAUDA; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; THORNVELD SAVANNA AB Context. Protection of natural ecosystems undoubtedly safeguards ecological communities, with positive benefits for ecosystem processes and function. However, ecosystems are under threat from anthropogenic stressors that reduce the resilience both of component species and the system as a whole. Aims. To determine how anthropogenic stressors (land use and climate change) could impact the diversity and resilience of a small mammal community in the greater Serengeti ecosystem, an East African savanna comprising Serengeti National Park (SNP) and adjacent agro-ecosystems, at local (SNP) and Africa-wide geographic scales. Methods. We recorded small mammal species in 10 habitats in the greater Serengeti ecosystem, including the agro-ecosystem, over 48 years (1962-2010). We calculated richness and diversity for each habitat type, and used an index of similarity to quantify differences in the community among habitats. Species accumulation curves were also generated for each habitat type. Key results. We recorded 40 species of small mammals in the greater Serengeti ecosystem. At the local scale, restricted habitat types in SNP (each <1% of the total area) made a disproportionately large contribution to diversity. Agro-ecosystems had lower richness and were less likely to contain specialist species. At regional and Africa-wide scales, local endemics were less likely to be recorded in the agro-ecosystem (57% species loss) compared with those with regional (33% loss) or Africa-wide (31%) geographic distributions. Conclusions. At the local scale, the variety of habitats in SNP contributed to overall diversity. However, the ability to maintain this diversity in the adjacent agro-ecosystem was compromised for localised endemics compared with species with Africa-wide ranges. Land use intensification adjacent to SNP and projected changes in rainfall patterns for East Africa under global climate scenarios may compromise the future resilience of the small mammal community in this tropical savanna ecosystem. Implications. The loss of rare or specialised species from protected areas and human-modified ecosystems could be mitigated by: (1) increasing habitat complexity and maintaining specialist habitats in the agro-ecosystem; and (2) creating buffers at the boundary of protected natural ecosystems that accommodate regime shifts in response to climatic change. These measures would increase the resilience of this coupled human-natural savanna ecosystem. C1 [Byrom, Andrea E.; Forrester, Guy J.] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Nkwabi, Ally J. K.; Mduma, Simon A. R.; Bukombe, John; Mchetto, John; Sinclair, A. R. E.] Tanzania Wildlife Res Inst, Serengeti Biodivers Program, Arusha, Tanzania. [Metzger, Kristine; Sinclair, A. R. E.] Univ British Columbia, Beaty Biodivers Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Metzger, Kristine] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Ruscoe, Wendy A.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Bruce, ACT 2601, Australia. [Reed, Denne N.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Byrom, AE (reprint author), Landcare Res, POB 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. EM byroma@landcareresearch.co.nz OI Ruscoe, Wendy A./0000-0002-7763-0356 FU Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Frankfurt Zoological Society; New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment [C09X0909] FX This work was supported by Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council grants to ARES, and Frankfurt Zoological Society funding to the Serengeti Biodiversity Program. The authors thank Tanzania National Parks for permission for WAR and AEB to visit in 2006 and 2007. Work by AEB, WAR and GJF was supported, in part, by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (grant C09X0909). ARES entered and organised some of the small mammal trapping data. Herwig Leirs and colleagues identified specimens using molecular methods. The authors thank Roger Pech for helpful discussions and for comments on an earlier version of the paper. NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 19 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2015 VL 42 IS 2 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1071/WR14223 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CR2UJ UT WOS:000361185800005 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD Roberts, SL Wills, R Brooks, M Winford, EM AF Meyer, Marc D. Roberts, Susan L. Wills, Robin Brooks, Matthew Winford, Eric M. TI PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE USA FEDERAL FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire management plan; fire policy; Sierra Nevada; wildland fire ID SIERRA-NEVADA; WILDLAND FIRE; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CASCADES; FUELS TREATMENTS; MIXED-CONIFER; CALIFORNIA; SEVERITY; FORESTS; CHALLENGES AB Federal fire management plans are essential implementation guides for the management of wildland fire on federal lands. Recent changes in federal fire policy implementation guidance and fire science information suggest the need for substantial changes in federal fire management plans of the United States. Federal land management agencies are also undergoing land management planning efforts that will initiate revision of fire management plans across the country. Using the southern Sierra Nevada as a case study, we briefly describe the underlying framework of fire management plans, assess their consistency with guiding principles based on current science information and federal policy guidance, and provide recommendations for the development of future fire management plans. Based on our review, we recommend that future fire management plans be: (1) consistent and compatible, (2) collaborative, (3) clear and comprehensive, (4) spatially and temporally scalable, (5) informed by the best available science, and (6) flexible and adaptive. In addition, we identify and describe several strategic guides or "tools" that can enhance these core principles and benefit future fire management plans in the following areas: planning and prioritization, science integration, climate change adaptation, partnerships, monitoring, education and communication, and applied fire management. These principles and tools are essential to successfully realize fire management goals and objectives in a rapidly changing world. C1 [Meyer, Marc D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Reg, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Roberts, Susan L.; Brooks, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Wills, Robin] Natl Pk Serv, Pacific West Reg, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Winford, Eric M.] Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Reg, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. EM mdmeyer@fs.fed.us FU US Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region FX We thank P. Bowden, D. Smith, N. Sugihara, A. Taylor, J. van Wagtendonk, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 59 EP 83 DI 10.4996/fireecology.1102059 PG 25 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CQ3KN UT WOS:000360501100005 ER PT S AU Wanty, RB Balistrieri, LS Wesner, JS Walters, DM Schmidt, TS Podda, F De Giudici, G Stricker, CA Kraus, J Lattanzi, P Wolf, RE Cidu, R AF Wanty, R. B. Balistrieri, L. S. Wesner, J. S. Walters, D. M. Schmidt, T. S. Podda, F. De Giudici, G. Stricker, C. A. Kraus, J. Lattanzi, P. Wolf, R. E. Cidu, R. BE Millot, R Negrel, P TI Isotopic insights into biological regulation of zinc in contaminated systems SO 11TH APPLIED ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY CONFERENCE AIG-11 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG) CY SEP 21-25, 2015 CL French Geol Survey, Orleans, FRANCE HO French Geol Survey DE Zinc isotopes; fractionation; biological processes; biomineralization; toxicity ID CENTROPTILUM-TRIANGULIFER; HYDROZINCITE; INSECTS; SURFACE AB Aquatic organisms use a variety of biogeochemical reactions to regulate essential and non-essential trace metals. Many of these mechanisms can lead to isotopic fractionation, thus measurement of metal isotopes may yield insights into the processes by which organisms respond to metal exposure. We illustrate these concepts with two case studies, one involving an intra-and the other an extra-cellular mechanism of Zn sequestration. In the first study, the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer was grown in the laboratory, and fed a diet of Zn-doped diatoms at Zn levels exceeding the requirements for normal mayfly life functions. The N. triangulifer larvae consumed the diatoms and retained their Zn isotopic signature. Upon metamorphosis, the subimago life stage lost Zn mass either in the exuvia or by excretion, and the Zn retained was isotopically enriched. Thus, Zn uptake is non-fractionating, but Zn regulation favors the lighter isotope. Thus the Zn remaining in the subimago was isotopically heavier. In the second study, Zn was adsorbed on the cell walls and exopolysaccharide secretions of cyanobacteria, which favored the heavier Zn isotope. Continued adsorption eventually resulted in nucleation and biomineralization of hydrozincite {Zn-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6)}. These case studies demonstrate the utility of Zn isotopes to provide insights into how aquatic insects respond to metal exposure. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wanty, R. B.; Wolf, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964d, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Balistrieri, L. S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wesner, J. S.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Walters, D. M.; Schmidt, T. S.; Stricker, C. A.; Kraus, J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Podda, F.; De Giudici, G.; Lattanzi, P.; Cidu, R.] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Chim & Geol, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964d, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2015 VL 13 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.014 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BD3RM UT WOS:000360103500015 ER PT S AU Harmon, RS Worner, G Pribil, MJ Kern, Z Forizs, I Lyons, WB Gardner, CB Goldsmith, ST AF Harmon, Russell S. Woerner, Gerhard Pribil, Michael J. Kern, Zoltan Forizs, Istvan Lyons, W. Berry Gardner, Christopher B. Goldsmith, Steven T. BE Millot, R Negrel, P TI Isotopic Geochemistry of Panama Rivers SO 11TH APPLIED ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY CONFERENCE AIG-11 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG) CY SEP 21-25, 2015 CL French Geol Survey, Orleans, FRANCE HO French Geol Survey DE Panama: tropic weathering: riverine geochemistry: stable isotopes; Sr-isotopes ID WATERS AB River water samples collected from 78 watersheds rivers along a 500-km transect across a Late Cretaceous-Tertiary andesitic volcanic arc terrane in west-central Panama provide a synoptic overview of riverine geochemistry, chemical denudation, and CO2 consumption in the tropics. D/H and O-18/O-16 relationships indicate that bedrock dissolution of andesitic arc crust in Panama is driven by water-rock interaction with meteoric precipitation as it passes through the critical zone, with no evidence of a geothermal or hydrothermal input. Sr-isotope relationships suggest a geochemical evolution for Panama riverine waters that involves mixing of bedrock pore water with water having Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios between 0.7037-0.7043 and relatively high Sr-contents with waters of low Sr content that enriched in radiogenic Sr that are diluted by infiltrating rainfall to variable extents. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harmon, Russell S.] USACE ERDC Int Res Off, Ruislip HA4 7HB, England. [Harmon, Russell S.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Woerner, Gerhard] Univ Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Pribil, Michael J.; Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kern, Zoltan; Forizs, Istvan; Goldsmith, Steven T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), USACE ERDC Int Res Off, Ruislip HA4 7HB, England. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2015 VL 13 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BD3RM UT WOS:000360103500027 ER PT S AU Ridley, WI Pribil, MJ Koenig, AE Slack, JF AF Ridley, W., I Pribil, M. J. Koenig, A. E. Slack, J. F. BE Millot, R Negrel, P TI Measurement of in situ sulfur isotopes by laser ablation multi-collector ICPMS: Opening Pandora's Box SO 11TH APPLIED ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY CONFERENCE AIG-11 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG) CY SEP 21-25, 2015 CL French Geol Survey, Orleans, FRANCE HO French Geol Survey DE Sulfur isotopes; economic geology; laser ablation AB Laser ablation multi-collector ICPMS is a modern tool for in situ measurement of S isotopes. Advantages of the technique are speed of analysis and relatively minor matrix effects combined with spatial resolution sufficient for many applications. The main disadvantage is a more destructive sampling mechanism relative to the ion microprobe technique. Recent advances in instrumentation allow precise measurement with spatial resolutions down to 25 microns. We describe specific examples from economic geology where increased spatial resolution has greatly expanded insights into the sources and evolution of fluids that cause mineralization and illuminated genetic relations between individual deposits in single mineral districts. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ridley, W., I; Pribil, M. J.; Koenig, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Slack, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ridley, WI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM iridley@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2015 VL 13 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.028 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BD3RM UT WOS:000360103500029 ER PT S AU Bullen, T Chadwick, O AF Bullen, Thomas Chadwick, Oliver BE Millot, R Negrel, P TI Evidence for nutrient biolifting in Hawaiian climosequence soils as revealed by alkaline earth metal stable isotope systematics SO 11TH APPLIED ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY CONFERENCE AIG-11 SE Procedia Earth and Planetary Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG) CY SEP 21-25, 2015 CL French Geol Survey, Orleans, FRANCE HO French Geol Survey DE metal stable isotopes; biolifting; alkaline earth elements; pedogenesis; cation exchange pool ID VOLCANIC SOILS; FRACTIONATION; STRONTIUM AB Plants are known to scavenge nutrients such as phosphorus (P) from rock subtrates and concentrate those nutrients at the surface in order to satisfy long-term nutritional requirements. Using the stable isotope systematics of calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) as proxy tracers, here we test the hypothesis that soils along a Hawaiian climosequence have "biolifted" P and other nutrients such as Ca from depth and concentrated those nutrients at the surface. Relative to isotope compositions in the volcanic soil parent materials, exchangeable Ca, Sr and Ba in the shallowest soils at sites having evidence for P biolifting are light confirming the role for plant uptake of these elements while exchangeable Ca, Sr and Ba of deeper soils at those sites are similar or heavy suggesting a complementary pool. In this pedogenic system Ca and Sr are more susceptible to leaching than Ba, thus Ba isotopes provide the most resilient evidence for biolifting across the climate gradient and a useful proxy for P biodynamics. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bullen, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chadwick, Oliver] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bullen, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tdbullen@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-5220 J9 PROCED EARTH PLAN SC PY 2015 VL 13 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.074 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BD3RM UT WOS:000360103500072 ER PT J AU Olsson, L Ye, S Yu, X Wei, M Krauss, KW Brix, H AF Olsson, L. Ye, S. Yu, X. Wei, M. Krauss, K. W. Brix, H. TI Factors influencing CO2 and CH4 emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CONTROLLING SOIL RESPIRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE DYNAMICS; RICE PADDY FIELDS; TRIN. EX STEUD.; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; METHANE EMISSIONS; FRESH-WATER; NITROUS-OXIDE; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AB Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH4 emissions and ecosystem respiration (R-eco) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China: two Phragmites australis (common reed) wetlands, two Suaeda salsa (sea blite) marshes and a rice (Oryza sativa) paddy. Throughout the growing season, the Suaeda wetlands were net CH4 sinks whereas the Phragmites wetlands and the rice paddy were net CH4 sources emitting 1.2-6.1 g CH4 m(-2) yr(-1). The Phragmites wetlands emitted the most CH4 per unit area and the most CH4 relative to CO2. The main controlling factors for the CH4 emissions were water table, temperature, soil organic carbon and salinity. The CH4 emission was accelerated at high and constant (or managed) water tables and decreased at water tables below the soil surface. High temperatures enhanced CH4 emissions, and emission rates were consistently low (< 1 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1)) at soil temperatures < 18 degrees C. At salinity levels > 18 ppt, the CH4 emission rates were always low (< 1 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1)) probably because methanogens were out-competed by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Saline Phragmites wetlands can, however, emit significant amounts of CH4 as CH4 produced in deep soil layers are transported through the air-space tissue of the plants to the atmosphere. The CH4 emission from coastal wetlands can be reduced by creating fluctuating water tables, including water tables below the soil surface, as well as by occasional flooding by high-salinity water. The effects of water management schemes on the biological communities in the wetlands must, however, be carefully studied prior to the management in order to avoid undesirable effects on the wetland communities. C1 [Olsson, L.; Brix, H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Olsson, L.] Sino Danish Ctr Educ & Res SDC, Aarhus, Denmark. [Ye, S.; Yu, X.; Wei, M.] China Geol Survey, Qingdao Inst Marine Geol, Key Lab Coastal Wetlands, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Krauss, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Brix, H (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark. EM hans.brix@bios.au.dk RI Brix, Hans/C-5208-2008 OI Brix, Hans/0000-0003-2771-2983 FU Ministry of Land and Resources program of China [201111023]; Marine Safeguard Project [GZH201200503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40872167, 41240022] FX The authors thank the Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC) and the Ministry of Land and Resources program of China: "Special foundation for scientific research on public causes" (Grant no. 201111023), Marine Safeguard Project (Grant no. GZH201200503) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 40872167 & 41240022). Many thanks also to Linmiao Wang, Guangming Zhao, Hongming Yuan and Xigui Ding (staff and students at Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology), Anders Henneberg (Aarhus University) and Rebecca F. Moss from Five Rivers, LLC (at USGS National Wetlands Research Center) for assistance during fieldwork. For valuable statistical advice we thank Brian Sorrell, Aarhus University and Christian Ritz, University of Copenhagen. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 23 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 16 BP 4965 EP 4977 DI 10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CQ0OC UT WOS:000360294800007 ER PT J AU Harris, TD Graham, JL AF Harris, Ted D. Graham, Jennifer L. TI Preliminary evaluation of an in vivo fluorometer to quantify algal periphyton biomass and community composition SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bbe-Moldaenke BenthoTorch; chlorophyll; in vivo fluorometer; periphyton ID EXTRACTION AB The bbe-Moldaenke BenthoTorch (BT) is an in vivo fluorometer designed to quantify algal biomass and community composition in benthic environments. The BT quantifies total algal biomass via chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration and may differentiate among cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms based on pigment fluorescence. To evaluate how BT measurements of periphytic algal biomass (as Chl-a) compared with an ethanol extraction laboratory analysis, we collected BT-and laboratory-measured Chl-a data from 6 stream sites in the Indian Creek basin, Johnson County, Kansas, during August and September 2012. BT-measured Chl-a concentrations were positively related to laboratory-measured concentrations (R-2 = 0.47); sites with abundant filamentous algae had weaker relations (R-2 = 0.27). Additionally, on a single sample date, we used the BT to determine periphyton biomass and community composition upstream and downstream from 2 wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) that discharge into Indian Creek. We found that algal biomass increased immediately downstream from the WWTF discharge then slowly decreased as distance from the WWTF increased. Changes in periphyton community structure also occurred; however, there were discrepancies between BT-and laboratory-measured community composition data. Most notably, cyanobacteria were present at all sites based on BT measurements but were present at only one site based on laboratory-analyzed samples. Overall, we found that the BT compared reasonably well with laboratory methods for relative patterns in Chl-a but not as well with absolute Chl-a concentrations. Future studies need to test the BT over a wider range of Chl-a concentrations, in colored waters, and across various periphyton assemblages. C1 [Harris, Ted D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Harris, Ted D.; Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Harris, TD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM tdharris@usgs.gov FU Johnson County Wastewater; USGS Cooperative Water Program FX Funding for this study was provided by Johnson County Wastewater and the USGS Cooperative Water Program. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1080/10402381.2015.1025153 PG 7 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CP9XJ UT WOS:000360248500005 ER PT B AU Leicht-Young, SA Pavlovic, NB AF Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Pavlovic, Noel B. BE Schnitzer, SA Bongers, F Burnham, RJ Putz, FE TI LIANAS AS INVASIVE SPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA SO ECOLOGY OF LIANAS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KUDZU PUERARIA-MONTANA; CELASTRUS-ORBICULATUS CELASTRACEAE; HOST LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; TROPICAL FOREST TREES; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; VINE COMPETITION; CLIMBING PLANTS C1 [Leicht-Young, Stacey A.] Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ, Roslindale, MA 02130 USA. [Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. RP Leicht-Young, SA (reprint author), Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ, Roslindale, MA 02130 USA. EM stacey.leicht@gmail.com NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-39240-9; 978-1-118-39249-2 PY 2015 BP 429 EP 442 D2 10.1002/9781118392409 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD3JS UT WOS:000359791600030 ER PT B AU Burns, SF Pirot, R Williams, K Sobieschezk, S AF Burns, S. F. Pirot, R. Williams, K. Sobieschezk, S. BE Lollino, G Giordan, D Crosta, GB Corominas, J Azzam, R Wasowski, J Sciarra, N TI Massive Debris Flow Event on Pacific Northwest Volcanoes, USA, November 2006: Causes, Effects and Relationship to Climate Change SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FOR SOCIETY AND TERRITORY, VOL 2: LANDSLIDE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International IAEG Congress CY SEP 15-19, 2014 CL Torino, ITALY SP IAEG AB During the second week of November, 2006 a warm, wet air mass, locally called the "Pineapple Express", hit Oregon and Washington and dumped over 50 cm rain onto the volcanoes within 36 h before there was snow cover. It mobilized the abundant sediment on the slopes of the volcanoes and created many devastating debris flows. The amount of available sediment on the slopes has increased in recent years as glaciers have retreated, exposing the inside of lateral moraines. Mt. Hood was the most devastated with 7 of 11 major drainages producing significant debris flows. Eliot Creek and White River produced extensive debris flows that measured well over 2 million cubic meters each and closed major highways in the region for weeks. A large delta formed in the Columbia River at Hood River resulting from the debris flows. At Mt. Rainier the southwest drainages were hit hard. Kautz Creek rerouted. The Nisqually River enlarged greatly in size and almost undercut the Longmire emergency response headquarters of the national park. The Sunshine Campground disappeared. At Mt. St. Helens, the road to Lava Canyon was washed out in two places. Milk Creek was the major debris flow on Mt. Jefferson. On Mt. Adams, many debris flows were generated in the drainages of Salt Creek, Adams Creek and the Big Muddy. The largest debris flow collapsed the moraine at Crofton Ridge. As the climate continues to change, we will see more large debris flows as these air masses arrive before snow cover can shield their impact on the volcanoes. C1 [Burns, S. F.; Pirot, R.; Williams, K.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Sobieschezk, S.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. RP Burns, SF (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM burnss@pdx.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-09057-3; 978-3-319-09056-6 PY 2015 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_90 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BD2OK UT WOS:000358988100090 ER PT B AU Dennis, MS Joseph, EG Jason, WK AF Dennis, M. Staley Joseph, E. Gartner Jason, W. Kean BE Lollino, G Giordan, D Crosta, GB Corominas, J Azzam, R Wasowski, J Sciarra, N TI Objective Definition of Rainfall Intensity-Duration Thresholds for Post-fire Flash Floods and Debris Flows in the Area Burned by the Waldo Canyon Fire, Colorado, USA SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FOR SOCIETY AND TERRITORY, VOL 2: LANDSLIDE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International IAEG Congress CY SEP 15-19, 2014 CL Torino, ITALY SP IAEG DE Wildfire; Debris flow; Flash flood; Threshold ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB We present an objectively defined rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) threshold for the initiation of flash floods and debris flows for basins recently burned in the 2012 Waldo Canyon fire near Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA. Our results are based on 453 rainfall records which include 8 instances of hazardous flooding and debris flow from 10 July 2012 to 14 August 2013. We objectively defined the thresholds by maximizing the number of correct predictions of debris flow or flood occurrence while minimizing the rate of both Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. The equation I = 11.6D(-0.7) represents the I-D threshold (I, in mm/h) for durations (D, in hours) ranging from 0.083 h (5 min) to 1 h for basins burned by the 2012 Waldo Canyon fire. As periods of high-intensity rainfall over short durations (less than 1 h) produced all of the debris flow and flood events, real-time monitoring of rainfall conditions will result in very short lead times for early-warning. Our results highlight the need for improved forecasting of the rainfall rates during short-duration, high-intensity convective rainfall events. C1 [Dennis, M. Staley; Joseph, E. Gartner; Jason, W. Kean] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dennis, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dstaley@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-09057-3; 978-3-319-09056-6 PY 2015 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_103 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BD2OK UT WOS:000358988100103 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Blankenship, HL Bowker, JD Flagg, TA Hesse, JA Leber, KM MacKinlay, DD Maynard, DJ Moffitt, CM Mudrak, VA Scribner, KT AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Blankenship, H. Lee Bowker, James D. Flagg, Thomas A. Hesse, Jay A. Leber, Kenneth M. MacKinlay, Don D. Maynard, Desmond J. Moffitt, Christine M. Mudrak, Vincent A. Scribner, Kim T. TI Introduction to a Special Section: Hatcheries and Management of Aquatic Resources (HaMAR)-Considerations for Use of Hatcheries and Hatchery-Origin Fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; SALMON C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Blankenship, H. Lee] Northwest Marine Technol Inc, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Flagg, Thomas A.; Maynard, Desmond J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Hesse, Jay A.] Nez Perce Tribe Dept Fisheries Resources Manageme, Lapwai, ID 83540 USA. [Leber, Kenneth M.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [MacKinlay, Don D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mudrak, Vincent A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Life Sci 2, Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1017130 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CP5US UT WOS:000359951100011 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Trushenski, JT AF Bowker, James D. Trushenski, Jesse T. TI Mythbusters: What's Real and What's Not When It Comes to Fish Drugs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FLORFENICOL RESIDUES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MARKER RESIDUE; RAINBOW-TROUT; HEALTH-RISKS; CHLORAMINE-T; FEED; AQUACULTURE; OXYTETRACYCLINE AB Successful fish culture programs take a comprehensive approach to disease management, broodstock conditioning and spawning, marking progeny, and reducing handling stress. Occasionally, drugs are needed to facilitate these tasks, and the only drugs legally available are those that have been approved for such use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A lack of understanding of the approval process and how these products are actually used in fish culture has led to unfounded concerns regarding potential human health issues, unsafe drug residue levels in fish stocked into public waters, and the discharge of elevated concentrations of drugs in hatchery effluents. The rigorous drug approval process requires extensive data to demonstrate that a drug is safe and effective for fish as well as safe to humans and the environment, that it is manufactured and packaged properly, and that it is labeled to avoid misuse. Further, the approval process assumes a naive user and is structured to ensure that, if a drug is approved, even inexperienced personnel could be expected to apply it safely and effectively. If inexperienced personnel can apply these products successfully, experienced fisheries professionals certainly can. In this paper, concerns and misconceptions regarding the drug approval process and use of drugs in fish culture are addressed from a fishery biologist's perspective. C1 [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1037474 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CP5US UT WOS:000359951100013 ER PT J AU Heslop, JK Anthony, KMW Sepulveda-Jauregui, A Martinez-Cruz, K Bondurant, A Grosse, G Jones, MC AF Heslop, J. K. Anthony, K. M. Walter Sepulveda-Jauregui, A. Martinez-Cruz, K. Bondurant, A. Grosse, G. Jones, M. C. TI Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER LAKE; PERMAFROST CARBON; METHANE OXIDATION; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEDIMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS; PEATLAND; CH4 AB Thermokarst (thaw) lakes emit methane (CH4) to the atmosphere formed from thawed permafrost organic matter (OM), but the relative magnitude of CH4 production in surface lake sediments vs. deeper thawed permafrost horizons is not well understood. We assessed anaerobic CH4 production potentials from various depths along a 590 cm long lake sediment core that captured the entire sediment package of the talik (thaw bulb) beneath the center of an interior Alaska thermokarst lake, Vault Lake, and the top 40 cm of thawing permafrost beneath the talik. We also studied the adjacent Vault Creek permafrost tunnel that extends through ice-rich yedoma permafrost soils surrounding the lake and into underlying gravel. Our results showed CH4 production potentials were highest in the organic-rich surface lake sediments, which were 151 cm thick (mean +/- SD: 5.95 +/- 1.67 mu g C-CH4 g dw(-1) d(-1); 125.9 +/- 36.2 mu g C-CH4 gC(org)(-1)d(-1)). High CH4 production potentials were also observed in recently thawed permafrost (1.18 +/- 0.61 mu g C-CH(4)g dw(-1) d(-1); 59.60 +/- 51.5 mu g C-CH4 gC(org)(-1)d(-1)) at the bottom of the talik, but the narrow thicknesses (43 cm) of this horizon limited its overall contribution to total sediment column CH4 production in the core. Lower rates of CH4 production were observed in sediment horizons representing permafrost that has been thawing in the talik for a longer period of time. No CH4 production was observed in samples obtained from the permafrost tunnel, a non-lake environment. Our findings imply that CH4 production is highly variable in thermokarst lake systems and that both modern OM supplied to surface sediments and ancient OM supplied to both surface and deep lake sediments by in situ thaw and shore erosion of yedoma permafrost are important to lake CH4 production. C1 [Heslop, J. K.; Anthony, K. M. Walter; Sepulveda-Jauregui, A.; Martinez-Cruz, K.; Bondurant, A.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Martinez-Cruz, K.] CINVESTAV, Biotechnol & Bioengn, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Grosse, G.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Jones, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Heslop, JK (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM jheslop@alaska.edu RI Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando/F-9996-2011; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando/0000-0001-7777-4520; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Heslop, Joanne/0000-0002-8243-4456 FU DOE [DE-SC0006920]; NSF [OPP-1107892, ARC-1304823]; Conacyt [330197/233369]; USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development program; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP-91762901-0] FX We would like to thank P. Anthony, N. Bigelow, S. Billings, N. Haubenstock, T. Howe, and L. Oliver for assistance in data collection and/or analysis and Sam Skidmore for granting access to Vault Lake and the Vault Creek permafrost tunnel. The Spring 2014 Biology 604 class at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Vladimir Romanovsky, and Mingchu Zhang provided invaluable guidance and feedback in the preparation of this manuscript. Funding for J. K. Heslop, K. M. Walter Anthony, A. Sepulveda-Jauregui, G. Grosse, and A. Bondurant was provided by DOE DE-SC0006920, NSF OPP-1107892, and ARC-1304823; funding for K. Martinez-Cruz was provided by Conacyt 330197/233369; and funding for M. C. Jones was provided by the USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development program. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance agreement no. FP-91762901-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of J. Heslop, and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 14 BP 4317 EP 4331 DI 10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CN9WJ UT WOS:000358800900009 ER PT J AU Rawlins, MA McGuire, AD Kimball, JS Dass, P Lawrence, D Burke, E Chen, X Delire, C Koven, C MacDougall, A Peng, S Rinke, A Saito, K Zhang, W Alkama, R Bohn, TJ Ciais, P Decharme, B Gouttevin, I Hajima, T Ji, D Krinner, G Lettenmaier, DP Miller, P Moore, JC Smith, B Sueyoshi, T AF Rawlins, M. A. McGuire, A. D. Kimball, J. S. Dass, P. Lawrence, D. Burke, E. Chen, X. Delire, C. Koven, C. MacDougall, A. Peng, S. Rinke, A. Saito, K. Zhang, W. Alkama, R. Bohn, T. J. Ciais, P. Decharme, B. Gouttevin, I. Hajima, T. Ji, D. Krinner, G. Lettenmaier, D. P. Miller, P. Moore, J. C. Smith, B. Sueyoshi, T. TI Assessment of model estimates of land-atmosphere CO2 exchange across Northern Eurasia SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A warming climate is altering land-atmosphere exchanges of carbon, with a potential for increased vegetation productivity as well as the mobilization of permafrost soil carbon stores. Here we investigate land-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) cycling through analysis of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and its component fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) and soil carbon residence time, simulated by a set of land surface models (LSMs) over a region spanning the drainage basin of Northern Eurasia. The retrospective simulations cover the period 1960-2009 at 0.5 degrees resolution, which is a scale common among many global carbon and climate model simulations. Model performance benchmarks were drawn from comparisons against both observed CO2 fluxes derived from site-based eddy covariance measurements as well as regional-scale GPP estimates based on satellite remote-sensing data. The site-based comparisons depict a tendency for overestimates in GPP and ER for several of the models, particularly at the two sites to the south. For several models the spatial pattern in GPP explains less than half the variance in the MODIS MOD17 GPP product. Across the models NEP increases by as little as 0.01 to as much as 0.79 g Cm-2 yr(-2), equivalent to 3 to 340% of the respective model means, over the analysis period. For the multimodel average the increase is 135% of the mean from the first to last 10 years of record (1960-1969 vs. 2000-2009), with a weakening CO2 sink over the latter decades. Vegetation net primary productivity increased by 8 to 30% from the first to last 10 years, contributing to soil carbon storage gains. The range in regional mean NEP among the group is twice the multimodel mean, indicative of the uncertainty in CO2 sink strength. The models simulate that inputs to the soil carbon pool exceeded losses, resulting in a net soil carbon gain amid a decrease in residence time. Our analysis points to improvements in model elements controlling vegetation productivity and soil respiration as being needed for reducing uncertainty in land-atmosphere CO2 exchange. These advances will require collection of new field data on vegetation and soil dynamics, the development of benchmarking data sets from measurements and remote-sensing observations, and investments in future model development and intercomparison studies. C1 [Rawlins, M. A.; Dass, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kimball, J. S.] Univ Montana, NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lawrence, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Burke, E.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chen, X.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Delire, C.; Alkama, R.; Decharme, B.] CRNM GAME, Unite Mixte Rech CNRS Meteo France UMR 3589, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [MacDougall, A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Peng, S.; Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Rinke, A.; Ji, D.; Moore, J. C.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Rinke, A.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Saito, K.; Hajima, T.; Sueyoshi, T.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Integrated Climate Change Project Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Zhang, W.; Miller, P.; Smith, B.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Bohn, T. J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Peng, S.; Gouttevin, I.; Krinner, G.] CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Peng, S.; Gouttevin, I.; Krinner, G.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Gouttevin, I.] Irstea, UR HHLY, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. [Lettenmaier, D. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sueyoshi, T.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. RP Rawlins, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rawlins@geo.umass.edu RI Krinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Moore, John/B-2868-2013; Rinke, Annette/B-4922-2014; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014; Smith, Benjamin/I-1212-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014 OI Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Moore, John/0000-0001-8271-5787; Rinke, Annette/0000-0002-6685-9219; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; Smith, Benjamin/0000-0002-6987-5337; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065 FU US National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA [NNX11AR16G]; Permafrost Carbon Network - National Science Foundation; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Union [282700]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-10-CEPL-012-03] FX This research was supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA grant NNX11AR16G and the Permafrost Carbon Network (http://www.permafrostcarbon.org/) funded by the National Science Foundation. The MODIS Land Cover Type product data was obtained through the online Data Pool at the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access). We thank Hans Dolman and a second reviewer for their insightful comments which helped improve the manuscript. We thank the researchers working at FLUXNET sites for making available their CO2 flux data. We also thank Eugenie Euskirchen and Dan Hayes for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Yonghong Yi for assistance with the FLUXNET data. Charles Koven was supported by the Director of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM). Eleanor J. Burke was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 282700. Bertrand Decharme and Christine Delire were supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche under agreement ANR-10-CEPL-012-03. Several of the authors were funded by the European Union 7th Framework Programme under project Page21 (grant 282700). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 14 BP 4385 EP 4405 DI 10.5194/bg-12-4385-2015 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CN9WJ UT WOS:000358800900014 ER PT B AU Corato, G Moramarco, T Tucciarelli, T Fulton, JW AF Corato, G. Moramarco, T. Tucciarelli, T. Fulton, J. W. BE Lollino, G Arattano, M Rinaldi, M Giustolisi, O Marechal, JC Grant, GE TI Continuous Discharge Monitoring Using Non-contact Methods for Velocity Measurements: Uncertainty Analysis SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FOR SOCIETY AND TERRITORY, VOL 3: RIVER BASINS, RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AND WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International IAEG Congress CY SEP 15-19, 2014 CL Torino, ITALY SP IAEG DE Discharge estimation; Entropy; Hydraulic modeling; Uncertainty ID MODELS AB At gauged site, water stage and discharge hydrographs can be related also during unsteady flow conditions, using the one-dimensional diffusive hydraulic model, DORA, and exploiting sporadic surface velocity measurements carried out with a radar sensor, during the rising limb of the flood. Indeed, starting from the measured surface velocity, the application of a simplified entropic velocity distribution model allows obtaining the benchmark discharge for the Manning's roughness calibration. The aim of this work is twofold. First, to address the uncertainty of the approach. Second, to detect the minimum water level along the rising limb in which the occasional surface velocity measurement should be carried out. Several historical events recorded along the Upper Tiber River, Central Italy, are used to this end. Results show that when the DORA model calibration is performed at water levels greater than 60 % of maximum historical one, it is possible to estimate the whole discharge hydrograph with good accuracy and quite narrow confidence band. C1 [Corato, G.] Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. [Moramarco, T.] CNR, Res Inst Geohydrol Protect, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. [Tucciarelli, T.] Univ Palermo, Dept Civil Environm & Aerosp Engn, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. [Fulton, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Corato, G (reprint author), Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, 41 Rue Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. EM corato@lippmann.lu; tommaso.moramarco@irpi.cnr.it; tullio.tucciarelli@unipa.it; jwfulton@usgs.gov OI Moramarco, Tommaso/0000-0002-9870-1694 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-09054-2; 978-3-319-09053-5 PY 2015 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09054-2_123 PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD2OM UT WOS:000358990300123 ER PT J AU Kienholz, C Herreid, S Rich, JL Arendt, AA Hock, R Burgess, EW AF Kienholz, Christian Herreid, Sam Rich, Justin L. Arendt, Anthony A. Hock, Regine Burgess, Evan W. TI Derivation and analysis of a complete modern-date glacier inventory for Alaska and northwest Canada SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glacier fluctuations; glacier mapping; remote sensing ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; DEBRIS-COVERED GLACIERS; MASS-BALANCE; MOUNTAIN GLACIERS; BERING GLACIER; COMPILATION; HIMALAYAS; ELEVATION; ICEFIELD; LENGTH AB We present a detailed, complete glacier inventory for Alaska and neighboring Canada using multi-sensor satellite data from 2000 to 2011. For each glacier, we derive outlines and 51 variables, including center-line lengths, outline types and debris cover. We find 86 723 km(2) of glacier area (27 109 glaciers >0.025 km(2)), similar to 12% of the global glacierized area outside ice sheets. Of this area 12.0% is drained by 39 marine-terminating glaciers (74 km of tidewater margin), and 19.3% by 148 lake- and river-terminating glaciers (420 km of lake-/river margin). The overall debris cover is 11%, with considerable differences among regions, ranging from 1.4% in the Kenai Mountains to 28% in the Central Alaska Range. Comparison of outlines from different sources on >2500 km(2) of glacierized area yields a total area difference of similar to 10%, emphasizing the difficulties in accurately delineating debris-covered glaciers. Assuming fully correlated (systematic) errors, uncertainties in area reach 6% for all Alaska glaciers, but further analysis is needed to explore adequate error correlation scales. Preliminary analysis of the glacier database yields a new set of well-constrained area/length scaling parameters and shows good agreement between our area altitude distributions and previously established synthetic hypsometries. The new glacier database will be valuable to further explore relations between glacier variables and glacier behavior. C1 [Kienholz, Christian; Herreid, Sam; Rich, Justin L.; Arendt, Anthony A.; Hock, Regine; Burgess, Evan W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hock, Regine] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Burgess, Evan W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Kienholz, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM christian.kienholz@gi.alaska.edu FU NASA [NNH10Z1A001N, NNX11AF41G]; US National Science Foundation [EAR-0943742]; National Park Service [H9911080028] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA under the Cryosphere Sciences Program (grants NNH10Z1A001N, NNX11AF41G), by the US National Science Foundation (grant EAR-0943742) and the National Park Service (H9911080028). Comments by B. Raup and R. Wheate improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 227 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.3189/2015JoG14J230 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CO2HS UT WOS:000358977400001 ER PT J AU Taylor, JF Allen, TJ Repetski, JE Strauss, JV Irwin, SJ AF Taylor, John F. Allen, Tyler J. Repetski, John E. Strauss, Justin V. Irwin, Savannah J. TI Life on the edge in eastern Alaska: basal Ordovician (Tremadocian), platform-margin faunas of the Jones Ridge Formation SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Taylor, John F.; Allen, Tyler J.; Irwin, Savannah J.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Strauss, Justin V.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03750 USA. RP Taylor, JF (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. FU National Science Foundation [1325333]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX The paper benefitted from thorough and helpful reviews by J. D. Loch and R. Stamm. Fieldwork in Alaska was funded by the National Science Foundation through a grant (Award 1325333) to JFT and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to JVS. We are also grateful to R. C. Orndorff for granting TJA access to the conodont processing facilities at the National Center in Reston. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3-4 SU S BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA CN9JF UT WOS:000358762400011 ER PT J AU Haynes, JT Goggin, KE Orndorff, RC AF Haynes, John T. Goggin, Keith E. Orndorff, Randall C. TI Ordovician of Germany Valley, West Virginia MID-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIP SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BALD EAGLE FORMATIONS; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; TUSCARORA; JUNIATA; LIMESTONES; ORIGIN C1 [Haynes, John T.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Goggin, Keith E.] Weatherford Labs, Houston, TX 77086 USA. [Orndorff, Randall C.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Haynes, JT (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM haynesjx@jmu.edu; keith.goggin@weatherford.com; rorndorf@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3-4 SU S BP 252 EP 288 PG 37 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA CN9JF UT WOS:000358762400017 ER PT J AU Walsworth, TE Budy, P AF Walsworth, Timothy E. Budy, Phaedra TI Integrating Nonnative Species in Niche Models to Prioritize Native Fish Restoration Activity Locations along a Desert River Corridor SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; SAN RAFAEL RIVER; COLORADO RIVER; HABITAT LOSS; HEADWATER TRIBUTARIES; FLANNELMOUTH SUCKERS; ROUNDTAIL CHUB; STREAM FISHES; TRADE-OFFS; INVASIONS AB The efficient allocation of restoration resources is critical for the effective conservation of species. Here, we developed an ecological niche model to predict the response of three imperiled desert fishes to potential restoration actions along the longitudinal gradient of a desert river. The San Rafael River, Utah, is home to a complex of three endemic fishes (Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and Roundtail Chub Gila robusta; referred to as the "three species"). Like many Colorado River basin tributaries, the river is overallocated for human use, has experienced extensive physical degradation, and is now home to several nonnative fish species. To determine the factors most limiting to the three species, we first fit random forest models to fish CPUE and habitat data. We next combined these models with a longitudinal habitat survey and modeled nonnative species abundance to predict the continuous distribution of the three species in the lower San Rafael River, under current conditions and following simulated restoration. Non-native fishes were important negative predictors of Flannelmouth Sucker and Bluehead Sucker relative abundance, and broadscale habitat variables were important positive predictors for all of the three species. Each of the three species was predicted to experience a significant increase in abundance following simulated eradication of nonnative fishes. Responses to simulated reach-specific habitat restoration were dependent on the reach restored, demonstrating that the choice of restoration location is critical. Nonnative species removal and restoring degraded reaches near already suitable habitat were predicted to be the most beneficial to the three species. Ecological niche models developed at the river scale, and incorporating both physical and biotic predictor variables, can provide spatially explicit information that appropriately parallels the spatial distribution of the needs of endemic fishes and can facilitate effective management and conservation decisions. C1 [Walsworth, Timothy E.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Walsworth, Timothy E.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Walsworth, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tewals@uw.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Conservation Activities for Sensitive Non-Game Native Fish, Activities to Avoid Jeopardy Program; S.E. and Jessie E. Quinney Fellowship; Ecology Center at Utah State University; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; U.S. Geological Survey-Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Utah State University, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [1310] FX We thank Charles Hawkins, Michelle Baker, Brian Laub, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Gary Thiede provided valuable logistical, field, and laboratory support. Brandon Simcox, Jeremy Remington, Kyle Wilson, Sally Petre, Dave Cole, Paul Nicholson, Reed Chaston, David Fowler, and Phil Tuttle helped with field collections. This research was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Conservation Activities for Sensitive Non-Game Native Fish, Activities to Avoid Jeopardy Program, an S.E. and Jessie E. Quinney Fellowship awarded to T. Walsworth, and the Ecology Center at Utah State University. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey-Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind). The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Utah State University, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 1310. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 667 EP 681 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1024333 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700002 ER PT J AU Lowery, ED Beauchamp, DA AF Lowery, Erin D. Beauchamp, David A. TI Trophic Ontogeny of Fluvial Bull Trout and Seasonal Predation on Pacific Salmon in a Riverine Food Web SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOLLY VARDEN CHAR; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SKAGIT RIVER; PREY INTERACTIONS; LAKE; WASHINGTON; MALMA; DIET; IDENTIFICATION AB Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus are typically top predators in their host ecosystems. The Skagit River in northwestern Washington State contains Bull Trout and Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations that are among the largest in the Puget Sound region and also contains a regionally large population of steelhead O. mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout). All three species are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Our objective was to determine the trophic ecology of Bull Trout, especially their role as predators and consumers in the riverine food web. We seasonally sampled distribution, diets, and growth of Bull Trout in main-stem and tributary habitats during 2007 and winter-spring 2008. Consumption rates were estimated with a bioenergetics model to (1) determine the annual and seasonal contributions of different prey types to Bull Trout energy budgets and (2) estimate the potential impacts of Bull Trout predation on juvenile Pacific salmon populations. Salmon carcasses and eggs contributed approximately 50% of the annual energy budget for large Bull Trout in main-stem habitats, whereas those prey types were largely inaccessible to smaller Bull Trout in tributary habitats. The remaining 50% of the energy budget was acquired by eating juvenile salmon, resident fishes, and immature aquatic insects. Predation on listed Chinook Salmon and steelhead/Rainbow Trout was highest during winter and spring (January-June). Predation on juvenile salmon differed between the two study years, likely due to the dominant odd-year spawning cycle for Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha. The population impact on ocean-and stream-type Chinook Salmon was negligible, whereas the impact on steelhead/Rainbow Trout was potentially very high. Due to the ESA-listed status of Bull Trout, steelhead, and Chinook Salmon, the complex trophic interactions in this drainage provide both challenges and opportunities for creative adaptive management strategies. C1 [Lowery, Erin D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lowery, ED (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM erin.lowery@seattle.gov FU Seattle City Light; Fidalgo Chapter of Puget Sound Anglers; University of Washington's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [3286-13, 3286-19] FX This project was funded by Seattle City Light and the Fidalgo Chapter of Puget Sound Anglers. We are grateful to Matt Smith, Jamie Thompson, Mike Mazur, Dave Pflug, Ed Connor, and Steve Stout for providing logistical and scientific support. Anna Buettner, Mike Shepard, Nathanael Overman, Cathy Ekblad, Jim Matilla, Casey Clarke, and numerous volunteers lent additional laboratory and field assistance. Ed Connor, Tim Essington, and Dave Pflug provided helpful reviews during development of the manuscript. Animal care and handling of vertebrates for this study were conducted under the auspices of the University of Washington's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol Numbers 3286-13 and 3286-19. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 724 EP 741 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1035452 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700007 ER PT J AU Wippelhauser, GS Zydlewski, GB Kieffer, M Sulikowski, J Kinnison, MT AF Wippelhauser, Gail S. Zydlewski, Gayle B. Kieffer, Micah Sulikowski, James Kinnison, Michael T. TI Shortnose Sturgeon in the Gulf of Maine: Use of Spawning Habitat in the Kennebec System and Response to Dam Removal SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ATLANTIC STURGEON; RIVER ESTUARY; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS AB Evidence has become available in this century indicating that populations of the endangered Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum migrate outside their natal river systems, but the full extent and functional basis of these migrations are not well understood. Between 2007 and 2013, 40 Shortnose Sturgeon captured and tagged in four Gulf of Maine river systems migrated long distances in coastal waters to reach the Kennebec System where their movements were logged by an acoustic receiver array. Twenty-one (20%) of 104 Shortnose Sturgeon tagged in the Penobscot River, two (50%) of four tagged in the Kennebec System, one (50%) of two tagged in the Saco River, and 16 (37%) of 43 tagged in the Merrimack River moved to a previously identified spawning site or historical spawning habitat in the Kennebec System in spring. Most (65%) moved in early spring from the tagging location directly to a spawning site in the Kennebec System, whereas the rest moved primarily in the fall from the tagging location to a wintering site in that system and moved to a spawning site the following spring. Spawning was inferred from the location, behavior, and sexual status of the fish and from season, water temperature, and discharge, and was confirmed by the capture of larvae in some years. Tagged fish went to a known spawning area in the upper Kennebec Estuary (16 events) or the Androscoggin Estuary (14 events), an historical spawning habitat in the restored Kennebec River (8 events), or two spawning areas in a single year (7 events). We have provided the first evidence indicating that Shortnose Sturgeon spawn in the restored Kennebec River in an historical habitat that became accessible in 1999 when Edwards Dam was removed, 162 years after it was constructed. These results highlight the importance of the Kennebec System to Shortnose Sturgeon throughout the Gulf of Maine. C1 [Wippelhauser, Gail S.] Maine Dept Marine Resources, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Zydlewski, Gayle B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kieffer, Micah] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MS 01376 USA. [Sulikowski, James] Univ New England, Marine Sci & Educ Ctr, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Wippelhauser, GS (reprint author), Maine Dept Marine Resources, State House Stn 172, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. EM gail.wippelhauser@maine.gov FU NMFS [NA07NMF4720053, NA10NMF4720023]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station [3298] FX This research was funded by NMFS grants NA07NMF4720053 and NA10NMF4720023. G. Zydlewski and M. Kinnison also were supported by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (contribution number 3298). All methods were conducted under NOAA ESA Section 10(a)(1)(A) Permit Numbers 1549, 1578, 1595, and 16306 for take of protected species for scientific purposes. We thank Matthew Altenritter, Megan Altenritter, Jason Bartlett, Gregory Beadle, James Beaudry, Toby Bonney, Edith Carson, Michael Counts, Phillip Dionne, Matthew Dzaugis, Claire Enterline, Stephen Fernandes, Cory Gardner, Nathaniel Gray, Craig King, Kevin Lachapelle, Josh Noll, Mark Pasterczyk, George Zink, and Joseph Zydlewski for assistance in the field. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 742 EP 752 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1037931 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700008 ER PT J AU Fisk, JM Kwak, TJ Heise, RJ AF Fisk, J. Michael, II Kwak, Thomas J. Heise, Ryan J. TI Effects of Regulated River Flows on Habitat Suitability for the Robust Redhorse SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; SPAWNING HABITAT; STREAM FISHES; SUCKERS CATOSTOMIDAE; MICROHABITAT USE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SAVANNA RIVER; RHONE RIVER; MOVEMENTS AB The Robust Redhorse Moxostoma robustum is a rare and imperiled fish, with wild populations occurring in three drainages from North Carolina to Georgia. Hydroelectric dams have altered the species' habitat and restricted its range. An augmented minimum-flow regime that will affect Robust Redhorse habitat was recently prescribed for Blewett Falls Dam, a hydroelectric facility on the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Our objective was to quantify suitable spawning and nonspawning habitat under current and proposed minimum-flow regimes. We implanted radio transmitters into 27 adult Robust Redhorses and relocated the fish from spring 2008 to summer 2009, and we described habitat at 15 spawning capture locations. Nonspawning habitat consisted of deep, slow-moving pools (mean depth = 2.3 m; mean velocity = 0.23 m/s), bedrock and sand substrates, and boulders or coarse woody debris as cover. Spawning habitat was characterized as shallower, faster-moving water (mean depth = 0.84 m; mean velocity D 0.61 m/s) with gravel and cobble as substrates and boulders as cover associated with shoals. Telemetry relocations revealed two behavioral subgroups: a resident subgroup (linear range [mean +/- SE] = 7.9 +/- 3.7 river kilometers [rkm]) that remained near spawning areas in the Piedmont region throughout the year; and a migratory subgroup (linear range = 64.3 +/- 8.4 rkm) that migrated extensively downstream into the Coastal Plain region. Spawning and nonspawning habitat suitability indices were developed based on field microhabitat measurements and were applied to model suitable available habitat (weighted usable area) for current and proposed augmented minimum flows. Suitable habitat (both spawning and nonspawning) increased for each proposed seasonal minimum flow relative to former minimum flows, with substantial increases for spawning sites. Our results contribute to an understanding of how regulated flows affect available habitats for imperiled species. Flow managers can use these findings to regulate discharge more effectively and to create and maintain important habitats during critical periods for priority species. C1 [Fisk, J. Michael, II] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heise, Ryan J.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Creedmoor, NC 27522 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission's State Wildlife Grants Program; Duke Energy; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; USGS; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding was provided by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission's State Wildlife Grants Program and by Duke Energy. This research was enhanced by the ongoing efforts of the Robust Redhorse Yadkin-Pee Dee River Technical Working Group. John Crutchfield graciously provided Pee Dee River habitat data and helped to procure funding. Christin Brown, Patrick Cooney, Scott Favrot, Angel Hammers, Tracy McCulloch, Mills Reagon, Andrew Rominger, Ben Wallace, and Dan Weaver assisted with field work. Bud Freeman, Chris Goudreau, and Kevin Whalen provided constructive manuscript reviews. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, USGS, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 792 EP 806 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1042557 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700012 ER PT J AU Clark, SC Tanner, TL Sethi, SA Bentley, KT Schindler, DE AF Clark, Sydney C. Tanner, Theresa L. Sethi, Suresh A. Bentley, Kale T. Schindler, Daniel E. TI Migration Timing of Adult Chinook Salmon into the Togiak River, Alaska, Watershed: Is There Evidence for Stock Structure? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; POPULATION DIVERSITY; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; BEAR LAKE; FISHERIES; BASIN; RUNS AB Variation in the timing of migration to freshwaters to spawn is one important dimension of the life history variation within individual salmon stocks. That variable has important implications for developing sustainable fisheries that simultaneously exploit multiple populations within the same geographic area. We examined the variation in migration timing of adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha within the Togiak River system of southwest Alaska to determine whether fish that spawned in different habitats migrated into freshwater from the ocean at different times. In particular, we evaluated whether there were watershed-wide effects of body size, sex, spawning location, and year on the timing of spawning-run migration into the Togiak River. Migration data and spawning fate were collected using radiotelemetry and analyzed with mixed effects models to account for among-year variation in migration timing across the 4 years of the study. We found that migration timing of Chinook Salmon in the Togiak watershed is segregated by spawning location and sex and is consistent across body sizes and years. Fish that spawned higher in the watershed had a tendency to enter freshwater earlier than fish that spawned lower in the watershed and in the main stem of the river. Our results indicate clear stock structure in the migration of spawning Chinook Salmon to the Togiak River watershed, suggesting that it is important to distribute harvest over the entire distribution of Chinook Salmon run timing to minimize the risk of overexploiting certain components of the stock complex. C1 [Clark, Sydney C.; Bentley, Kale T.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tanner, Theresa L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Sethi, Suresh A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Clark, SC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sydnec@uw.edu FU U.S. Fish an Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish an Wildlife Service; however, the findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the agency. We sincerely thank all of the individuals who collected the data over the entire course of the study, developed and managed field crew operations, assisted with data analyses and manuscript revisions and allowed the project to move forward. This includes crew members of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Anchorage Field Office; members of the Bristol Bay Native Association; citizens of the Village of Togiak; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Togiak National Wildlife Refuge; local commercial, subsistence, and sport fishermen; the Alaska Salmon Program; Gordon W. Holtgrieve and the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1031281 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700015 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE Ketola, HG Noyes, AD Schill, WB Henson, FG Chalupnicki, MA Dittman, DE AF Starliper, Clifford E. Ketola, Henry G. Noyes, Andrew D. Schill, William B. Henson, Fred G. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Dittman, Dawn E. TI An investigation of the bactericidal activity of selected essential oils to Aeromonas spp. SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Essential oil; Aeromonas; Bactericidal; MBC ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ROSMARINUS-OFFICINALIS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ALLIUM-SATIVUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; L.; HYDROPHILA; SALMONICIDA AB Diseases of fishes caused by Aeromonas spp. are common, have broad host ranges and may cause high mortality. Treatments of captive-reared populations using antimicrobials are limited with concerns for bacterial resistance development and environmental dissemination. This study was done to determine whether selected plant-derived essential oils were bactericidal to Aeromonas spp. Initially, twelve essential oils were evaluated using a disk diffusion assay to an isolate of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, cause of fish furunculosis. The greatest zones of inhibition were obtained with oils of cinnamon Cinnamomum cassia, oregano Origanum vulgare, lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus and thyme Thymus vulgaris. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC's) were determined for these four oils, Allimed (R) (garlic extract, Allium sativum) and colloidal silver to sixty-nine isolates representing nine Aeromonas spp. The lowest mean MBCs (0.02-0.04%) were obtained with three different sources of cinnamon oil. MBCs for three sources of oregano and lemongrass oils ranged from 0.14% to 0.30% and 0.10% to 0.65%, respectively, and for two thyme oils were 2.11% and 2.22%. The highest concentration (5%) of Allimed (R) tested resulted in MBCs to twelve isolates. A concentration of silver greater than 15 mg/L would be required to determine MBCs for all but one isolate. (C) 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Schill, William B.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ketola, Henry G.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Dittman, Dawn E.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY USA. [Noyes, Andrew D.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Fish Dis Control Unit, Rome, NY USA. [Henson, Fred G.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Fisheries, Albany, NY USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cstarliper@usgs.gov OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X; Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2090-1232 EI 2090-1224 J9 J ADV RES JI J. Adv. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.007 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL9RE UT WOS:000357315000009 PM 25685547 ER PT J AU Seefelt, EL Self-Trail, JM Schultz, AP AF Seefelt, Ellen L. Self-Trail, Jean M. Schultz, Arthur P. TI Comparison of three preservation techniques for slowing dissolution of calcareous nannofossils in organic-rich sediments SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTHIGENIC GYPSUM; PYRITE AB In an attempt to halt or reduce dissolution of calcareous nannofossils in organic and/or pyrite-rich sediments, three different methods of short-term storage preservation were tested for efficacy: vacuum packing, argon gas replacement, and buffered water. Abundance counts of calcareous nannofossil assemblages over a six month period showed that none of the three preservation methods were consistently effective in reducing assemblage loss due to dissolution. In most cases, the control slides made at the drill site had more abundant calcareous nannofossil assemblages than those slides made from sediments stored via vacuum packing, argon gas replacement, or buffered water. Thin section and XRD analyses showed that in most cases, <1% pyrite was needed to drive the oxidation-reduction reaction that resulted in dissolution, even in carbonate-rich sediments. C1 [Seefelt, Ellen L.; Self-Trail, Jean M.; Schultz, Arthur P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Seefelt, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM eseefelt@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 0026-2803 EI 1937-2795 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2015 VL 61 IS 3 BP 149 EP 164 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA CN9KD UT WOS:000358765300001 ER PT J AU Easton, RM Edwards, LE Orndorff, RC Duguet, M Ferrusquia-Villafranca, I AF Easton, Robert M. Edwards, Lucy E. Orndorff, Randall C. Duguet, Manuel Ferrusquia-Villafranca, Ismael TI NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Note 67-Application for Revision of Article 37, Lithodemic Units, of the North American Stratigraphic Code SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Easton, Robert M.] Ontario Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Geosci Mapping Sect, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada. [Edwards, Lucy E.; Orndorff, Randall C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Duguet, Manuel; Ferrusquia-Villafranca, Ismael] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Easton, RM (reprint author), Ontario Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Geosci Mapping Sect, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada. EM mike.easton@ontario.ca; leedward@usgs.gov; rorndorf@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA CN9JA UT WOS:000358761900003 ER PT J AU Eisenhauer, N Bowker, MA Grace, JB Powell, JR AF Eisenhauer, Nico Bowker, Matthew A. Grace, James B. Powell, Jeff R. TI From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aboveground-belowground interactions; Path analysis; Hypothesis testing; Mechanistic understanding; Soil processes ID PLANT DIVERSITY; FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FIT INDEXES; ECOSYSTEM; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; DECOMPOSITION; PRODUCTIVITY; STABILITY AB In this perspectives paper we highlight a heretofore underused statistical method in soil ecological research, structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM is commonly used in the general ecological literature to develop causal understanding from observational data, but has been more slowly adopted by soil ecologists. We provide some basic information on the many advantages and possibilities associated with using SEM and provide some examples of how SEM can be used by soil ecologists to shift focus from describing patterns to developing causal understanding and inspiring new types of experimental tests. SEM is a promising tool to aid the growth of soil ecology as a discipline, particularly by supporting research that is increasingly hypothesis-driven and interdisciplinary, thus shining light into the black box of interactions belowground. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Eisenhauer, Nico] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Eisenhauer, Nico] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Bowker, Matthew A.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Powell, Jeff R.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. RP Eisenhauer, N (reprint author), German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM nico.eisenhauer@idiv.de RI Eisenhauer, Nico/I-5932-2012; Powell, Jeff/A-5076-2010; iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; OI Powell, Jeff/0000-0003-1091-2452; Eisenhauer, Nico/0000-0002-0371-6720 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [Ei 862/2]; Australian Research Council [DP130102501, DP140103936]; Australian Academy of Sciences (German-Australian Mobility Call for Collaboration in Science and Technology); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; German Research Foundation [FZT 118]; USGS Ecosystems Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1054040]; Utah State University FX We thank Wim van der Putten for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Nico Eisenhauer gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation; Ei 862/2). Jeff Powell gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (Discovery Projects scheme; DP130102501, DP140103936) and the Australian Academy of Sciences (German-Australian Mobility Call for Collaboration in Science and Technology). Further support came from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). Support for JBG was provided by the USGS Ecosystems Program. PBA was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1054040) and Utah State University. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 24 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2015 VL 58 IS 2-3 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA CN0IN UT WOS:000358097400003 ER PT J AU Kunz, BK Little, EE AF Kunz, Bethany K. Little, Edward E. TI Dust Control Products at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas Environmental Safety and Performance SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID METHODOLOGY; ROADS AB Controlling fugitive dust while protecting natural resources is a challenge faced by all managers of unpaved roads. Unfortunately, road managers choosing between dust control products often have little objective environmental information to aid their decisions. To address this information gap, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collaborated on a field test of three dust control products with the objectives of (a) evaluating product performance under real-world conditions, (b) verifying the environmental safety of products identified as practically nontoxic in laboratory tests, and (c) testing the feasibility of several environmental monitoring techniques for use in dust control tests. In cooperation with refuge staff and product vendors, three products (one magnesium chloride plus binder, one cellulose, and one synthetic fluid plus binder) were applied in July 2012 to replicated road sections at the Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge in Texas. These sections were monitored periodically for 12 months after application. Product performance was assessed by mobile-mounted particulate-matter meters measuring production of fugitive dust and by observations of road conditions. Environmental safety was evaluated through on-site biological observations and leaching tests with samples of treated aggregate. All products reduced dust and improved surface condition during those 12 months. Planned environmental measurements were not always compatible with day-to-day refuge management actions; this incompatibility highlighted the need for flexible biological monitoring plans. As one of the first field tests of dust suppressants that explicitly incorporated biological endpoints, this effort provides valuable information for improving field tests and for developing laboratory or semifield alternatives. C1 [Kunz, Bethany K.; Little, Edward E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Kunz, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM bkunz@usgs.gov FU Federal Lands Highway Refuge Roads Program FX This project was a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and was funded through the Federal Lands Highway Refuge Roads Program. Special thanks to J. Noel, G. Hall, K. Whaley, G. Linder, and H. Puglis for field assistance; to EnviroTech Services, Eco-Infrastructure Solutions, Cypher Environmental, and Midwest Industrial Supply for project cooperation; to R. Surdahl, D. Jones, and P. Bolander for technical guidance; and to S. Suder, S. Furniss, and S. Finger for general project support. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2472 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.3141/2472-08 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CM5WQ UT WOS:000357760100009 ER PT J AU Henderson, MJM Hebblewhite, M Mitchell, MS Stetz, JB Kendall, KC Carlson, RT AF Henderson, Matthew J. Morgan Hebblewhite, Mark Mitchell, Michael S. Stetz, Jeff B. Kendall, Katherine C. Carlson, Ross T. TI Modeling multi-scale resource selection for bear rubs in northwestern Montana SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE bear rub; non-invasive genetic sampling; Resource Selection Function; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; GRIZZLY BEARS; LANDSCAPE EVALUATION; HABITAT SELECTION; URSUS-ARCTOS; BROWN BEARS; DENSITY; ROADS; POPULATION; WASHINGTON AB Both black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (U. arctos) are known to rub on trees and other objects, producing a network of repeatedly used and identifiable rub sites. In 2012, we used a resource selection function to evaluate hypothesized relationships between locations of 887 bear rubs in northwestern Montana, USA, and elevation, slope angle, density of open roads and distance from areas of heightened plant-productivity likely containing forage for bears. Slope and density of open roads were negatively correlated with rub presence. No other covariates were supported as explanatory variables. We also hypothesized that bear rubs would be more strongly associated with closed roads and developed trails than with game trails. The frequencies of bear rubs on 30 paired segments of developed tracks and game trails were not different. Our results suggest bear rubs may be associated with bear travel routes, and support their use as "random" sampling devices for non-invasive spatial capture recapture population monitoring. C1 [Henderson, Matthew J. Morgan; Hebblewhite, Mark; Stetz, Jeff B.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Carlson, Ross T.] OnXmaps, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Henderson, MJM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM Matthew.Henderson@hakai.org FU Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Lincoln County, Montana; Revett Mining Company; U.S. Geological Survey; Mines Management, Inc.; U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Lincoln County Resource Advisory Committee; U.S. Forest Service; Big Sky Trust Fund; Montana Department of Resource Conservation; Idaho Panhandle Resource Advisory Committee, Vital Ground; Y2Y Conservation Initiative; Kootenai River Development Council; Boundary County, Idaho; Yaak Valley Forest Council; SaveRite, Libby, Montana; Kootenai Valley Sportsmen; City of Libby, Montana; Friends of Scotchman Peak Wilderness; Doug Roll; Libby Shooting Club; Troy Shooting Club; Stimson Lumber; Noble Contracting; University of Montana; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Five Valleys Audubon Society FX More than 80 field technicians and volunteers were responsible for identifying and collecting data on bear rubs as part of the Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear DNA Project. We thank them for their hard work and dedication. We are also grateful for the help we received from K. Boyd, A. Klaus, and A. Powers. Funding and support for the Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear DNA Project was provided by Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Lincoln County, Montana; Revett Mining Company; U.S. Geological Survey; Mines Management, Inc.; U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Lincoln County Resource Advisory Committee; U.S. Forest Service; Big Sky Trust Fund; Montana Department of Resource Conservation; Idaho Panhandle Resource Advisory Committee, Vital Ground; Y2Y Conservation Initiative; Kootenai River Development Council; Boundary County, Idaho; Yaak Valley Forest Council; SaveRite, Libby, Montana; Kootenai Valley Sportsmen; City of Libby, Montana; Friends of Scotchman Peak Wilderness; Doug Roll; Libby Shooting Club; Troy Shooting Club; Stimson Lumber; Noble Contracting; University of Montana; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. The Five Valleys Audubon Society provided additional funding. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA C/O TERRY WHITE, UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, PO BOX 1071, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901-1071 USA SN 1537-6176 EI 1938-5439 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2015 VL 26 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.2192/URSUS-D-14-00026.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CM0IG UT WOS:000357361000005 ER PT S AU Ogden, JC Nagelkerken, I McIvor, CC AF Ogden, John C. Nagelkerken, Ivan McIvor, Carole C. BE Bortone, SA TI Connectivity in the tropical coastal seascape Implications for marine spatial planning and resource management SO INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CORALS AND FISHERIES SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interrelationships between Coral Reefs and Fisheries CY MAY 20-22, 2013 CL Tampa, FL ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SHALLOW-WATER BIOTOPES; STABLE-ISOTOPE; SEAGRASS BEDS; MANGROVE HABITATS; CARIBBEAN CORAL; OCEAN GOVERNANCE; ORGANIC-CARBON; ESTUARINE DEPENDENCE; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE C1 [Ogden, John C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Nagelkerken, Ivan] Univ Adelaide, Southern Seas Ecol Lab, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Ogden, JC (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 146 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-8831-8; 978-1-4665-8830-1 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 253 EP 273 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC9ZZ UT WOS:000357007100014 ER PT J AU Romine, JG Jensen, NR Parsley, MJ Gaugush, RF Severson, TJ Hatton, TW Adams, RF Gaikowski, MP AF Romine, Jason G. Jensen, Nathan R. Parsley, Michael J. Gaugush, Robert F. Severson, Todd J. Hatton, Tyson W. Adams, Ryan F. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Response of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp to Repeated Water Gun Operation in an Enclosed Shallow Pond SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY DEVICE; SEISMIC AIR-GUNS; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; FISH; SOUNDS AB The Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix are nonnative species that pose a threat to Great Lakes ecosystems should they advance into those areas. Thus, technologies to impede Asian carp movement into the Great Lakes are needed; one potential technology is the seismic water gun. We evaluated the efficacy of a water gun array as a behavioral deterrent to the movement of acoustic-tagged Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in an experimental pond. Behavioral responses were evaluated by using four metrics: (1) fish distance from the water guns (D); (2) spatial area of the fish's utilization distribution (UD); (3) persistence velocity (V-p); and (4) number of times a fish transited the water gun array. For both species, average D increased by 10 m during the firing period relative to the pre-firing period. During the firing period, the spatial area of use within the pond decreased. Carp were located throughout the pond during the pre-firing period but were concentrated in the north end of the pond during the firing period, thus reducing their UDs by roughly 50%. Overall, V-p decreased during the firing period relative to the pre-firing period, as fish movement became more tortuous and confined, suggesting that the firing of the guns elicited a change in carp behavior. The water gun array was partially successful at impeding carp movement, but some fish did transit the array. Bighead Carp moved past the guns a total of 78 times during the pre-firing period and 15 times during the firing period; Silver Carp moved past the guns 96 times during the pre-firing period and 13 times during the firing period. Although the water guns did alter carp behavior, causing the fish to move away from the guns, this method was not 100% effective as a passage deterrent. C1 [Romine, Jason G.; Parsley, Michael J.; Hatton, Tyson W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Jensen, Nathan R.; Gaugush, Robert F.; Severson, Todd J.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Adams, Ryan F.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Romine, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jromine@usgs.gov OI Severson, Todd/0000-0001-5282-3779; Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank Nicholas M. Swyers for his work in preparing the telemetry system for data collection and in postprocessing of data to derive the fish locations; Thomas Batt for surveying the locations of hydrophones and other features within the pond and developing a digital elevation model of the pond for our use; Kim Fredricks, Colin Smith, and Justin Smerud for helping in the design of the external tag apparatus; and Theresa Liedtke for directing the preliminary tagging procedures. Comments provided by three anonymous reviewers, Kevin Richards, and Carolyn Griswold improved the manuscript. All fish handling, care, and experimental procedures used were reviewed and approved by the UMESC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol AEH-12-PPT-AC01). Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 440 EP 453 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1012279 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CM0SP UT WOS:000357389100004 ER PT J AU Jonkers, L Reynolds, CE Richey, J Hall, IR AF Jonkers, L. Reynolds, C. E. Richey, J. Hall, I. R. TI Lunar periodicity in the shell flux of planktonic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBIGERINOIDES-SACCULIFER BRADY; CENTRAL RED-SEA; HASTIGERINA-PELAGICA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LABORATORY CULTURE; LIFE PROCESSES; SEDIMENT TRAP; SINKING; REPRODUCTION; ATLANTIC AB Synchronised reproduction offers clear benefits to planktonic foraminifera - an important group of marine calcifiers - as it increases the chances of successful gamete fusion. Such synchrony requires tuning to an internal or external clock. Evidence exists for lunar reproductive cycles in some species, but its recognition in shell flux time series has proven difficult, raising questions about reproductive strategies. Using spectral analysis of a 4-year time series (mostly at weekly resolution) from the northern Gulf of Mexico, we show that the shell flux of Globorotalia menardii, Globigerinella siphonifera, Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber (both pink and white varieties), Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinella calida and Globigerinita glutinata is characterised by lunar periodicity. However, the lunar rhythm is not present in all size fractions of each species and tends to be more dominant in the flux of larger shells, consistent with reproduction being more prevalent in larger specimens. Lunar periodicity is superimposed on longer term/seasonal changes in the shell fluxes, but accounts for a significant part of the variance in the fluxes. The amplitude of the lunar cycle increases roughly proportional with the magnitude of the flux, demonstrating that most of the population is indeed affected by lunar-phased synchronisation. In most species peak fluxes occur predominantly around, or just after, full moon. Only G. siphonifera and G. calida show a contrasting pattern with peaks concentrated around new moon. Although the exact cause of the synchronisation remains elusive, our data considerably increase the number of species for which lunar synchronised reproduction is reported and suggest that such reproductive behaviour is common in many species of planktonic foraminifera. C1 [Jonkers, L.; Hall, I. R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Reynolds, C. E.; Richey, J.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Jonkers, L (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. EM jonkersl@cardiff.ac.uk RI Jonkers, Lukas/H-6314-2011; Hall, Ian/C-2755-2009 OI Jonkers, Lukas/0000-0002-0253-2639; Hall, Ian/0000-0001-6960-1419 FU Climate Change Consortium of Wales; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program FX We thank Jelle Bijma, Geert-Jan Brummer, Manfred Mudelsee, Sandra Nederbragt, Lisa Osterman, Paul Pearson, Kaustubh Thirumalai and an anonymous reviewer for discussions and comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. L. Jonkers is funded by the Climate Change Consortium of Wales (C3Wales.org) and this research was funded, in part, by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 10 BP 3061 EP 3070 DI 10.5194/bg-12-3061-2015 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CK4FW UT WOS:000356179300016 ER PT S AU Roberge, J Guilbaud, MN Mercer, CN Reyes-Luna, PC AF Roberge, Julie Guilbaud, Marie-Noelle Mercer, Celestine N. Reyes-Luna, Paola C. BE Zellmer, GF Edmonds, M Straub, SM TI Insight into monogenetic eruption processes at Pelagatos volcano, Sierra Chichinautzin, Mexico: a combined melt inclusion and physical volcanology study SO ROLE OF VOLATILES IN THE GENESIS, EVOLUTION AND ERUPTION OF ARC MAGMAS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON-DIOXIDE SOLUBILITIES; SUBDUCTION-ZONE MAGMATISM; RIDGE BASALTIC LIQUIDS; PARICUTIN VOLCANO; MICHOACAN GUANAJUATO; RADIOCARBON AGES; HOLOCENE PELADO; SCORIA CONES; CINDER CONES; OLIVINE AB Eruptions and magma evolution of monogenetic volcanoes are thought to be controlled by rapid ascent of magmas over a short period of time. Volatiles degassing from magmas control the ascent velocity and therefore eruption intensity. Complex feedbacks exist between the rate and extent of volatile exsolution at shallow levels and groundmass crystallization, affecting the magma rheology, extent of fragmentation, resulting eruptive style and related hazards. Melt inclusions record the volatile contents and compositions of melts at various stages during their evolution, providing insights into degassing-crystallization processes at shallow crustal levels. Here we present new volatile and major element data from olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Pelagatos scoria cone, Mexico. These new data, combined with recent geochemical and textural data on Pelagatos eruptive products, allow us to propose a model for shallow magmatic processes at this volcano. Discharge of volatile-poor, low-viscosity magma drives early effusive activity along the fissure. Decreasing magma fluxes lead to the clogging of the fissure and the formation of a shallow magma reservoir where degassing and fractional crystallization take place. Subsequent explosive cone-forming activity is triggered by influx of deeper (c. 5 km), less evolved, more volatile-rich magma into this shallow (c. 1 km) reservoir. C1 [Roberge, Julie] Inst Politecn Nacl, ESIA Ticoman, Mexico City 07340, DF, Mexico. [Guilbaud, Marie-Noelle] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Mercer, Celestine N.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reyes-Luna, Paola C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ingn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Roberge, J (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, ESIA Ticoman, Mexico City 07340, DF, Mexico. EM robergejulie@gmail.com OI Guilbaud, Marie-Noelle/0000-0002-7380-4419 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-689-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 410 BP 179 EP 198 DI 10.1144/SP410.12 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC8IF UT WOS:000355694800008 ER PT J AU Ham, BR Barrows, FT Huttinger, A Duff, GC Yeoman, CJ Maskill, MG Sealey, WM AF Ham, Brian R. Barrows, Frederic T. Huttinger, Amberly Duff, Glenn C. Yeoman, Carl J. Maskill, Mark G. Sealey, Wendy M. TI Evaluation of Dietary Soy Sensitivity in Snake River Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MEAL-INDUCED ENTERITIS; 4 SOYBEAN PRODUCTS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH-MEAL; PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA AB The shift in commercial diet formulations for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss toward formulations that include more plant ingredients, specifically an increased inclusion of soy products, may have negative implications for less-domesticated trout species fed these modern diets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of increasing dietary soybean meal and soy protein concentrate inclusion on growth efficiency and intestinal health of Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii. To achieve this objective, a feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Snake River Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii behnkei fed a practical type formulation that included 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30% dietary soybean meal or soy protein concentrate. Feed and consumption, weight gain, proximate composition, intestinal health, and survival were compared. Juvenile Snake River Cutthroat Trout (initial weight, 28.1 +/- 1.0 g/fish [mean +/- SD]) were stocked at 20 fish per tank in 200-L tanks with three replicate tanks per diet. Fish were fed their respective diets for 10 weeks. Final fish weight was affected by dietary soy inclusion level (P = 0.0001) but not type (P = 0.7790), and no interaction was observed (P = 0.6019). Snake River Cutthroat Trout fed the diets with the highest level of soy protein inclusion (30%) were significantly larger than fish fed all other diets and had a final average fish weight of greater than 130 g (P = 0.0001). Feed conversion ratios were higher in fish fed diets with 0% and 5% soy inclusion than in fish fed the 10% or 30% soy inclusion diets (P = 0.0044). No significant effect of soy inclusion level (P = 0.0825) on feed intake was observed. Increased inflammation and decreased vacuolization, however, was observed in histological samples of the intestine of Cutthroat Trout fed the 30% soybean meal and soy protein concentrate diets. Additional research is necessary to determine whether the intestinal pathology observed can predispose Cutthroat Trout to pathogenic disease and/or negatively affect growth with extended feeding. C1 [Ham, Brian R.; Sealey, Wendy M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ham, Brian R.; Maskill, Mark G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Natl Fish Hatchery, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Ham, Brian R.; Duff, Glenn C.; Yeoman, Carl J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] USDA ARS, Trout Grains Project, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Huttinger, Amberly] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-38500-19657] FX The authors thank Jason Frost, Mark Portman, Clete Deshaser, Carly Stone, and Nick Leonard for their assistance with diet manufacturing; Gibson Gaylord, Matt Toner, and Jason Ilgen for their assistance with fish culture and sampling; and Thomas O'Neill, Aaron Nistler, and Omolola Betiku for their assistance with laboratory analyses. We also thank the staff at the Bozeman Fish Health Lab and contractors for their collaborative efforts and analyzing sections of intestine for histological examination: specifically, Molly Bensley and Tammy Weiss for sample collection and processing and Beth MacConnell for assistance in pathology interpretation. Funding for the study was provided, in part, by the Western Regional Aquaculture Center through grant number 2012-38500-19657 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the authors, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.993489 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ9SY UT WOS:000355844300010 ER PT J AU Eckes, OT Aloisi, DB Sandheinrich, MB AF Eckes, Orey T. Aloisi, Douglas B. Sandheinrich, Mark B. TI Egg and Larval Development Index for Lake Sturgeon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; WISCONSIN; MICHIGAN; DRIFT; TIME; TRANSMONTANUS; DISPERSAL AB We developed an index of egg and larval maturation for Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens to incrementally chart development over time. To evaluate the relationship between temperature and development rate, eggs and larvae from the Wolf River were incubated at four constant water temperatures. The time required for neural tube closure, hatch, and exogenous feeding were monitored. The number of hours from incubation to each development stage and mean water temperature were related by predictive exponential regression equations for neural tube closure (R-2 = 0.96), start hatch (R-2 = 0.97), end hatch (R-2 = 0.97), and exogenous feeding (R-2 = 0.99). Calculated hourly development was used to create an index capable of predicting specific daily development. Daily development from incubation to exogenous feeding ranged from 2.0% to 8.3% at 10 degrees C to 19.9 degrees C. This index was used to predict the rate of development of sturgeon eggs and larvae from the St. Lawrence River reared in water with varying temperatures. All development stages occurred within 24 h of the time predicted by the index. This index may be used to accurately predict and manipulate the progress of development and assist with the culture and management of Lake Sturgeon populations. C1 [Eckes, Orey T.; Aloisi, Douglas B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Genoa Natl Fish Hatchery, Genoa, WI 54632 USA. [Sandheinrich, Mark B.] Univ Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Eckes, OT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Genoa Natl Fish Hatchery, S5689 State Rd 35, Genoa, WI 54632 USA. EM orey_eckes@fws.gov FU GNFH FX We thank GNFH for use of facilities, staff assistance, and funding. We thank Mark Gaikowski and personnel from UMESC, and Becky Lasee and personnel from La Crosse Fish Health Center (USFWS) for use of facilities and equipment. We also thank Scott Schlueter (USFWS), Roger Klindt and personnel from NYSDEC, and personnel from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for assistance in the field. This study is based on the Master's thesis of Orey Eckes; Roger Haro, Tisha King-Heiden, and Eric Strauss reviewed an earlier draft of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 2 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.999847 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ9SY UT WOS:000355844300012 ER PT J AU Faukner, J Rawles, SD Sink, TD Lochmann, R Proctor, A Chen, RG Phillips, H AF Faukner, Jimmy Rawles, Steven D. Sink, Todd D. Lochmann, Rebecca Proctor, Andrew Chen, Ruguang Phillips, Harold TI The Effects of Diets Containing Standard Soybean Oil, Soybean Oil Enhanced with Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Menhaden Fish Oil, or an Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement on Juvenile Channel Catfish Performance, Hematology, Body Composition, and Nonspecific Immune Response SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FATTY-ACID; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; FOOD CONVERSION; HEALTH-BENEFITS; LIPID SOURCES; GROWTH; METABOLISM; PROXIMATE AB To reduce diet cost and address environmental concerns, current commercial diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus contain little or no marine fish oil. However, there are conflicting data on the effects of fish oil and other lipid sources for juvenile Channel Catfish, and some novel lipids have not been tested against traditional ones. In this study, the effects of four different lipid sources for potential use in juvenile Channel Catfish diets were investigated by measuring fish growth performance, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle, nonspecific immune response, and hematological parameters. In a 63-d feeding trial, juveniles (mean weight +/- SE = 11.2 +/- 0.0 g) were fed a commercial 32% protein diet supplemented with 2% lipid from standard soybean oil (SBO; control diet), SBO enriched with conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs; CLA diet), algal (Schizochytrium sp.) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) extract (DHA diet), or menhaden fish oil (MFO diet). Fish that were fed the MFO diet had improved feed conversion compared with fish that were fed the SBO, CLA, or DHA diet. There were no other differences in fish growth performance or proximate composition and no differences among treatments in nonspecific immune responses or hematological parameters. As expected, fatty acid composition of fish muscle reflected that of the diets: fish that received the MFO, DHA, or CLA diet contained higher levels of healthful fatty acids (DHA or CLAs) than fish that were given the SBO control diet. Future trials will address methods for (1) increasing target levels of these fatty acids by using diets with little or no fish oil and (2) optimizing retention of desirable fatty acids to facilitate the production of Channel Catfish as a high-value functional food. C1 [Faukner, Jimmy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton Fish & Wildlife Off, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Rawles, Steven D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Sink, Todd D.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M AgriLife Extens, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lochmann, Rebecca; Chen, Ruguang; Phillips, Harold] Univ Arkansas, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. [Proctor, Andrew] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Lochmann, R (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, 1200 North Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM rebecca.lochmann@yahoo.com FU Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board FX Menhaden fish oil was donated by Omega Protein; Aquagrow Gold DHA was donated by Advanced BioNutrition Corporation. Brooke Henbest assisted with fatty acid analysis and identification. We thank the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board for funding. We are grateful to Anita Kelly, Jeonghwan Park, and Alf Haukenes for their reviews of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.999848 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ9SY UT WOS:000355844300013 ER PT B AU Grace, JB Scheiner, SM Schoolmaster, DR AF Grace, James B. Scheiner, Samuel M. Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. BE Fox, GA NegreteYankelevich, S Sosa, VJ TI Structural equation modeling: building and evaluating causal models SO ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS: CONTEMPORARY THEORY AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grace, James B.; Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Scheiner, Samuel M.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov; sscheine@nsf.gov; schoolmasterd@usgs.gov RI Scheiner, Sam/A-4320-2009 OI Scheiner, Sam/0000-0003-1677-9752 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-967254-7; 978-0-19-967255-4 PY 2015 BP 168 EP 199 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672547.001.0001 PG 32 WC Ecology; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BC7SD UT WOS:000355182600009 ER PT J AU Thomas, JN Masci, F Love, JJ AF Thomas, J. N. Masci, F. Love, J. J. TI On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Several recently published reports have suggested that semi-stationary linear-cloud formations might be causally precursory to earthquakes. We examine the report of Guangmeng and Jie (2013), who claim to have predicted the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in the Po Valley of northern Italy after seeing a satellite photograph (a digital image) showing a linear-cloud formation over the eastern Apennine Mountains of central Italy. From inspection of 4 years of satellite images we find numerous examples of linear-cloud formations over Italy. A simple test shows no obvious statistical relationship between the occurrence of these cloud formations and earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy. All of the linear-cloud formations we have identified in satellite images, including that which Guangmeng and Jie (2013) claim to have used to predict the 2012 earthquake, appear to be orographic - formed by the interaction of moisture-laden wind flowing over mountains. Guangmeng and Jie (2013) have not clearly stated how linear-cloud formations can be used to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, and they have not published an account of all of their predictions (including any unsuccessful predictions). We are skeptical of the validity of the claim by Guangmeng and Jie (2013) that they have managed to predict any earthquakes. C1 [Thomas, J. N.] NorthWest Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Thomas, J. N.] DigiPen Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Redmond, WA USA. [Thomas, J. N.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Masci, F.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Laquila, Italy. [Love, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thomas, JN (reprint author), NorthWest Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM jeremy@nwra.com FU USGS Geomagnetism Program; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program [G11AP20177, G15AP00071] FX We thank W. D. Barnhart, C. A. Finn, G. Guangmeng, J. McCarthy, and E. J. Rigler for reading a draft manuscript. We thank Marco Verdecchia of L'Aquila University, Italy for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program and the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program through external research grants G11AP20177 and G15AP00071 to JNT. We thank SAT24 (www.sat24.com) for permission to use their satellite images. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CJ2BH UT WOS:000355288700009 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, M Banwart, SA AF Goldhaber, Marty Banwart, Steven A. BE Banwart, SA Noellemeyer, E Milne, E TI Soil Formation SO SOIL CARBON: SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT AND POLICY FOR MULTIPLE BENEFITS SE SCOPE Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Benefits of Soil Carbon Workshop CY MAR 18-22, 2013 CL European Commiss Directorate Gen Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, ITALY HO European Commiss Directorate Gen Joint Res Ctr ID CRITICAL ZONE; CARBON-CYCLE; REACTION-KINETICS; WEATHERING RATES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CHANGE; MASS-BALANCE; EROSION; EVOLUTION; TIME AB Soil formation reflects the complex interaction of many factors, among the most important of which are (i) the nature of the soil parent material, (ii) regional climate, (iii) organisms, including humans, (iv) topography and (v) time. These processes operate in Earth's critical zone; the thin veneer of our planet where rock meets life. Understanding the operation of these soil-forming factors requires an interdisciplinary approach and is a necessary predicate to charactering soil processes and functions, mitigating soil degradation and adapting soil management to environmental change. In this chapter, we discuss how these soil-forming factors operate both singly and in concert in natural and human modified environments. We emphasize the role that soil organic matter plays in these processes to provide context for understanding the benefits that it bestows on humanity. C1 [Goldhaber, Marty] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Banwart, Steven A.] Univ Sheffield, Kroto Res Inst, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Goldhaber, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov; s.a.banwart@sheffield.ac.uk RI Banwart, Steven/B-3915-2016 OI Banwart, Steven/0000-0001-7223-6678 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78064-532-2 J9 SCOPE SER PY 2015 VL 71 BP 82 EP 97 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science SC Geology; Agriculture GA BC7XN UT WOS:000355310900006 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Brandes, PL Burau, JR Sandstrom, PT Skalski, JR AF Perry, Russell W. Brandes, Patricia L. Burau, Jon R. Sandstrom, Philip T. Skalski, John R. TI Effect of Tides, River Flow, and Gate Operations on Entrainment of Juvenile Salmon into the Interior Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURVIVAL; TSHAWYTSCHA; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; DIEL AB Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River, California, must negotiate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter, the Delta), a complex network of natural and man-made channels linking the Sacramento River with San Francisco Bay. Fish that enter the interior and southern Delta-the region to the south of the Sacramento River where water pumping stations are located-survive at a lower rate than fish that use alternative migration routes. Consequently, total survival decreases as the fraction of the population entering the interior Delta increases, thus spurring management actions to reduce the proportion of fish that are entrained into the interior Delta. To better inform management actions, we modeled entrainment probability as a function of hydrodynamic variables. We fitted alternative entrainment models to telemetry data that identified when tagged fish in the Sacramento River entered two river channels leading to the interior Delta (Georgiana Slough and the gated Delta Cross Channel). We found that the probability of entrainment into the interior Delta through both channels depended strongly on the river flow and tidal stage at the time of fish arrival at the river junction. Fish that arrived during ebb tides had a low entrainment probability, whereas fish that arrived during flood tides (i.e., when the river's flow was reversed) had a high probability of entering the interior Delta. We coupled our entrainment model with a flow simulation model to evaluate the effect of nighttime closures of the Delta Cross Channel gates on the daily probability of fish entrainment into the interior Delta. Relative to 24-h gate closures, nighttime closures increased daily entrainment probability by 3 percentage points on average if fish arrived at the river junction uniformly throughout the day and by only 1.3 percentage points if 85% of fish arrived at night. We illustrate how our model can be used to evaluate the effects of alternative water management actions on fish entrainment into the interior Delta. C1 [Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] Stockton Fish & Wildlife Off, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Burau, Jon R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sandstrom, Philip T.] Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; CALFED Science Fellowship [U-04-SC-005]; California Bay-Delta Authority [U-05-SC-047] FX Funding for R.W.P.'s involvement with this project was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and a CALFED Science Fellowship (Agreement U-04-SC-005 with the California Bay-Delta Authority). Tagging of juvenile salmon, ultrasonic station deployment and interrogation, and tag detection database maintenance were supported by a grant from the California Bay-Delta Authority (Agreement U-05-SC-047). We thank Kevin Niemela, Kurtis Brown, and Scott Hamelburg of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the staff of Coleman National Fish Hatchery for providing the late-fall Chinook Salmon and logistical support for this study. We are grateful to the staff of the USFWS in Stockton, California, for assisting with transport, holding, and release of tagged fish. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank four anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.1001038 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800001 ER PT J AU Hogg, RS Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Gardner, C AF Hogg, Robert S. Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph Gardner, Cory TI Fish Community Response to a Small-Stream Dam Removal in a Maine Coastal River Tributary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; BARRIER REMOVAL; RESTORATION; EXTIRPATION; PERSPECTIVE; POPULATION; HEADWATER; DYNAMICS; DIADROMY; BENEFITS AB Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a third-order tributary to the Penobscot River in Maine, historically has supported several anadromous fishes including Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Two small dams constructed in the 1800s reduced or eliminated spawning runs entirely. In 2009, efforts to restore marine-freshwater connectivity in the system culminated in removal of the lowermost dam (Mill Dam) providing access to 4.7 km of lotic habitat and unimpeded passage into the lentic habitat of Fields Pond. In anticipation of these barrier removals, we initiated a modified before-after-control-impact study, and monitored stream fish assemblages in fixed treatment and reference sites. Electrofishing surveys were conducted twice yearly since 2007. Results indicated that density, biomass, and diversity of the fish assemblage increased at all treatment sites upstream of the 2009 dam removal. No distinct changes in these metrics occurred at reference sites. We documented recolonization and successful reproduction of Atlantic Salmon, Alewife, and Sea Lamprey in previously inaccessible upstream reaches. These results clearly demonstrate that dam removal has enhanced the fish assemblage by providing an undisrupted stream gradient linking a small headwater lake and tributary with a large coastal river, its estuary, and the Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Hogg, Robert S.; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.; Gardner, Cory] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hogg, RS (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Umatilla Hatchery Monitoring & Evaluat, POB 1435, Umatilla, OR 97882 USA. EM hogg.robert.s@gmail.com FU Atlantic Salmon Federation; Penobscot Valley Audubon Chapter; NOAA; University of Maine; U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME08367-08H] FX We thank the collaborators and those who assisted with this project. Field technicians from the University of Maine: M. Patridge, G. Vachon, M. Nelson, M. Banker, R. Haley, M. Burke, J. Kwapiszeski, A. O'Malley, P. Adams, J. Poirier, D. Wingfield, C. Wagner, E. Lamb, and T. Violette; and volunteers and alternate field help: S. Ratten, W. Ashe, E. Hughes, A. Grote, I. Kiraly, M. Guyette, A. Derkacz, S. Drahovzal, D. Stich, D. Sigourney, Q. Tuckett, R. Carey, J. Wood, A. McLaughlin, C. Kent, J. Hogg, B. Shrewsberry, G. Innes, D. Trunfio, K. Fizell, B. Emmott, A. Rapp, R. May, C. Attean, I. Kormendy, M. Relford, and M. Mutel. We also thank Rory Saunders (National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration [NOAA]), Joshua Royte (The Nature Conservancy), and Dan Hayes (Michigan State University). This paper benefited from helpful reviews by Kevin Simon, Yolanda Wiersma, Tommi Linnansaari, editor Richard Beamish, an associate editor, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was also supported in part by the Atlantic Salmon Federation, the Penobscot Valley Audubon Chapter, NOAA, the University of Maine, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Sampling was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number A2011-06-03. This work is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3393 and is based on research supported in part by Hatch Grant Number ME08367-08H from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 73 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 467 EP 479 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1007164 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800003 ER PT J AU Kazyak, DC Hilderbrand, RH Keller, SR Colaw, MC Holloway, AE Morgan, RP King, TL AF Kazyak, David C. Hilderbrand, Robert H. Keller, Stephen R. Colaw, Mark C. Holloway, Amanda E. Morgan, Raymond P., II King, Tim L. TI Spatial Structure of Morphological and Neutral Genetic Variation in Brook Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ARCTIC CHARR; Q(ST)-F-ST COMPARISONS; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM AB Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis exhibit exceptional levels of life history variation, remarkable genetic variability, and fine-scale population structure. In many cases, neighboring populations may be highly differentiated from one another to an extent that is comparable with species-level distinctions in other taxa. Although genetic samples have been collected from hundreds of populations and tens of thousands of individuals, little is known about whether differentiation at neutral markers reflects phenotypic differences among Brook Trout populations. We compared differentiation in morphology and neutral molecular markers among populations from four geographically proximate locations (all within 24 km) to examine how genetic diversity covaries with morphology. We found significant differences among and/or within streams for all three morphological axes examined and identified the source stream of many individuals based on morphology (52.3% classification efficiency). Although molecular and morphological differentiation among streams ranged considerably (mean pairwise F-ST: 0.023-0.264; pairwise P-ST: 0.000-0.339), the two measures were not significantly correlated. While in some cases morphological characters appear to have diverged to a greater extent than expected by neutral genetic drift, many traits were conserved to a greater extent than were neutral genetic markers. Thus, while Brook Trout exhibit fine-scale spatial patterns in both morphology and neutral genetic diversity, these types of biological variabilities are being structured by different ecological and evolutionary processes. The relative influences of genetic drift versus selection and phenotypic plasticity in shaping morphology appear to vary among populations occupying nearby streams. C1 [Kazyak, David C.; Hilderbrand, Robert H.; Keller, Stephen R.; Morgan, Raymond P., II] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Colaw, Mark C.] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Holloway, Amanda E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Kazyak, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM dkazyak@umces.edu RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013; Keller, Stephen/J-6652-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699; Keller, Stephen/0000-0001-8887-9213 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 480 EP 490 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1012300 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800004 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, JJ Paukert, CP Healy, BD Trammell, M Speas, D Omana-Smith, E AF Spurgeon, Jonathan J. Paukert, Craig P. Healy, Brian D. Trammell, Melissa Speas, Dave Omana-Smith, Emily TI Translocation of Humpback Chub into Tributary Streams of the Colorado River: Implications for Conservation of Large-River Fishes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; GRAND-CANYON; MANAGED RELOCATION; PREY AVAILABILITY; UNIFIED APPROACH; ESTABLISHMENT; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; TROUT; TEMPERATURE AB The Humpback Chub Gila cypha, a large-bodied, endangered cyprinid endemic to the Colorado River basin, is in decline throughout most of its range due largely to anthropogenic factors. Translocation of Humpback Chub into tributaries of the Colorado River is one conservation activity that may contribute to the expansion of the species' current range and eventually provide population redundancy. We evaluated growth, survival, and dispersal following translocation of approximately 900 Humpback Chub over a period of 3 years (2009, 2010, and 2011) into Shinumo Creek, a tributary stream of the Colorado River within Grand Canyon National Park. Growth and condition of Humpback Chub in Shinumo Creek were consistent among year-classes and equaled or surpassed growth estimates from both the main-stem Colorado River and the Little Colorado River, where the largest (and most stable) Humpback Chub aggregation remains. Based on passive integrated tag recoveries, 53% (= 483/902) of translocated Humpback Chub dispersed from Shinumo Creek into the main-stem Colorado River as of January 2013, 35% leaving within 25 d following translocation. Annual apparent survival estimates within Shinumo Creek ranged from 0.22 to 0.41, but were strongly influenced by emigration. Results indicate that Shinumo Creek provides favorable conditions for growth and survival of translocated Humpback Chub and could support a new population if reproduction and recruitment occur in the future. Adaptation of translocation strategies of Humpback Chub into tributary streams ultimately may refine the role translocation plays in recovery of the species. C1 [Spurgeon, Jonathan J.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Healy, Brian D.; Omana-Smith, Emily] Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Trammell, Melissa] Natl Pk Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. [Speas, Dave] US Bur Reclamat, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. RP Spurgeon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 243A Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jonathan.spurgeon@huskers.unl.edu FU U.S. National Park Service through the Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit [H6000080300]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey; Natural Resources Preservation Program; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. National Park Service through the Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit (task agreement H6000080300), the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey, and Natural Resources Preservation Program). We thank numerous biologists, technicians, volunteers, and others who helped with field collections, logistics, and all other aspects of the project. We particularly thank Larkin Powell, Joanna Whittier, and Daniel Whiting for help with analysis and discussions about the study. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade names or products does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey or other sponsoring or participating agencies. This research was permitted under NPS Scientific Research and Collecting Permit GRCA-2010-SCI-0010, study GRCA-00543. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 502 EP 514 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1007165 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800006 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Moran, S McHugh, PA Bernall, S Fredenberg, W DosSantos, JM AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Moran, Sean McHugh, Peter A. Bernall, Shana Fredenberg, Wade DosSantos, Joseph M. TI Consequences of Actively Managing a Small Bull Trout Population in a Fragmented Landscape SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CLARK FORK RIVER; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS; LAKE PEND OREILLE; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BROOK TROUT; HEADWATER STREAMS; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB Habitat fragmentation, which affects many native salmonid species, is one of the major factors contributing to the declines in distribution and abundance of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus. Increasingly, managers are considering options to maintain and enhance the persistence of isolated local populations through active management strategies. Understanding the ecological consequences of such actions is a necessary step in conservation planning. We used an individual-based model to evaluate the consequences of an ongoing management program aimed at mitigating the anthropogenic fragmentation of the lower Clark Fork River in Montana. Under this program juvenile Bull Trout are trapped and transported from small, headwater source populations to Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, for rearing, and adults are subsequently recaptured in their upstream migration and returned to the natal population for spawning. We examined one of these populations and integrated empirical estimates of demographic parameters to simulate different management scenarios where moderate (n = 4) and high (n = 8) numbers of age-2, age-3, or age-4 Bull Trout were removed for transport with variable return rates under both demographic stochasticity and environmental perturbations. Our results indicated the risks from removal with no returns increased substantially when removal totals and age of Bull Trout removed from the simulated population increased. Specifically, removing eight age-3 or age-4 individuals resulted in 26% and 62% reductions in average adult population size, respectively, across simulations. We found the risks of transport were not likely alleviated with low (3%) or moderate (6%) return rates, and there were considerable risks of declines for the source population even when return rates were extremely high (>12%). Our simulations indicated little risk of declines for the source population with removals of age-2 Bull Trout, and any risks were alleviated with low return rates. However, we found higher return rates were particularly beneficial in the presence of large, density-independent perturbations. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Moran, Sean; Bernall, Shana; DosSantos, Joseph M.] Avista Corp, Noxon, MT 59853 USA. [McHugh, Peter A.] Eco Log Res Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Fredenberg, Wade] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov FU Avista Corporation FX Funding for this project was provided by Avista Corporation. We thank L. Lockard (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), J. McCubbins (Avista), and T. Tholl (Avista) for technical assistance. Comments from J. Dunham (U.S. Geological Survey) and D. Staples greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 515 EP 531 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1007162 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800007 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CM Bergstedt, R Adams, NS Hatton, TW McLaughlin, RL AF Holbrook, Christopher M. Bergstedt, Roger Adams, Noah S. Hatton, Tyson W. McLaughlin, Robert L. TI Fine-Scale Pathways Used By Adult Sea Lampreys during Riverine Spawning Migrations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; SPATIAL-BEHAVIOR; FISH; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; PHEROMONE; MORTALITY AB Better knowledge of upstream migratory patterns of spawning Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus, an invasive species in the Great Lakes, is needed to improve trapping for population control and assessment. Although trapping of adult Sea Lampreys provides the basis for estimates of lake-wide abundance that are used to evaluate the Sea Lamprey control program, traps have only been operated at dams due to insufficient knowledge of Sea Lamprey behavior in unobstructed channels. Acoustic telemetry and radiotelemetry were used to obtain movement tracks for 23 Sea Lampreys in 2008 and 18 Sea Lampreys in 2009 at two locations in the Mississagi River, Ontario. Cabled hydrophone arrays provided two-dimensional geographic positions from acoustic transmitters at 3-s intervals; depth-encoded radio tag detections provided depths. Upstream movements occurred at dusk or during the night (2015-0318 hours). Sea Lampreys were closely associated with the river bottom and showed some preference to move near banks in shallow glide habitats, suggesting that bottom-oriented gears could selectively target adult Sea Lampreys in some habitats. However, Sea Lampreys were broadly distributed across the river channel, suggesting that the capture efficiency of nets and traps in open channels would depend heavily on the proportion of the channel width covered. Lack of vertical movements into the water column may have reflected lamprey preference for low water velocities, suggesting that energy conservation was more beneficial for lampreys than was vertical searching in rivers. Improved understanding of Sea Lamprey movement will assist in the development of improved capture strategies for their assessment and control in the Great Lakes. C1 [Holbrook, Christopher M.; Bergstedt, Roger] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Adams, Noah S.; Hatton, Tyson W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [McLaughlin, Robert L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Holbrook, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM cholbrook@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Sea Lamprey Research Program FX This study was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Sea Lamprey Research Program. We thank Robert Pierre of Iron Bridge, Ontario, for access to his land, Aaron Blake, U.S. Geological Survey, for providing BathMapper software and technical support, Scott Evans, U.S. Geological Survey, for assistance with radiotelemetry, Scott Brewer, U.S. Geological Survey, for processing acoustic telemetry data, and Rod McDonald, Gale Bravener, and Joe Hodgson, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and Erick Larson and Mike Lancewicz, U.S. Geological Survey, for technical assistance. Scott Miehls, Andrew Muir, Matthew Faust, and three anonymous reviews reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is contribution number 14 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (www.data.glos.us/glatos) and contribution number 1918 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 549 EP 562 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1017657 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800010 ER PT J AU Straight, CA Jackson, CR Freeman, BJ Freeman, MC AF Straight, Carrie A. Jackson, C. Rhett Freeman, Byron J. Freeman, Mary C. TI Diel Patterns and Temporal Trends in Spawning Activities of Robust Redhorse and River Redhorse in Georgia, Assessed Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BLACK REDHORSE; FRESH-WATER; MOXOSTOMA-VALENCIENNESI; GREATER REDHORSE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SAVANNA RIVER; FISH LARVAE; HABITAT USE; FLOW; BEHAVIOR AB The conservation of imperiled species depends upon understanding threats to the species at each stage of its life history. In the case of many imperiled migratory fishes, understanding how timing and environmental influences affect reproductive behavior could provide managers with information critical for species conservation. We used passive acoustic recorders to document spawning activities for two large-bodied catostomids (Robust Redhorse Moxostoma robustum in the Savannah and Broad rivers, Georgia, and River Redhorse M. carinatum in the Coosawattee River, Georgia) in relation to time of day, water temperature, discharge variation, moonlight, and weather. Robust Redhorse spawning activities in the Savannah and Broad rivers were more frequent at night or in the early morning (0100-0400 hours and 0800-1000 hours, respectively) and less frequent near midday (1300 hours). Spawning attempts in the Savannah and Broad rivers increased over a 3-4-d period and then declined. River Redhorse spawning activities in the Coosawattee River peaked on the first day of recording and declined over four subsequent days; diel patterns were less discernible, although moon illumination was positively associated with spawning rates, which was also observed for Robust Redhorses in the Savannah River. Spawning activity in the Savannah and Broad rivers was negatively associated with water temperature, and spawning activity increased in association with cloud cover in the Savannah River. A large variation in discharge was only measured in the flow-regulated Savannah River and was not associated with spawning attempts. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show diel and multiday patterns in spawning activities for any Moxostoma species. These patterns and relationships between the environment and spawning activities could provide important information for the management of these species downstream of hydropower facilities. C1 [Straight, Carrie A.; Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Straight, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Georgia Ecol Serv, 105 Westpk Dr,Suite D, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM carrie_straight@fws.gov FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant; USGS through the Piedmont South Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia) FX This research was funded in part by a Georgia Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant and the USGS through the Piedmont South Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia). Georgia Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, provided acoustical equipment. Oscar Flite and the Phinizy Center for Water Sciences generously provided temperature data for the Savannah River. We would like to thank the landowners for providing access along the river (Chris and Eric Wagoner and Jim Langford). The Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Tim Krein were helpful in setting up the Raven Band Limited Energy Detector. We thank Elise Irwin, Brett Albanese, Robin Goodloe, and one anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.1001040 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800011 ER PT J AU Fetherman, ER Winkelman, DL Bailey, LL Schisler, GJ Davies, K AF Fetherman, Eric R. Winkelman, Dana L. Bailey, Larissa L. Schisler, George J. Davies, K. TI Brown Trout Removal Effects on Short-Term Survival and Movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-Resistant Rainbow Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WHIRLING-DISEASE-RESISTANT; SALMO-TRUTTA; COLORADO RIVER; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SEASONAL MOVEMENT; SMALL STREAMS; PARASITIZED STICKLEBACKS; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; INVASION BIOLOGY; CAUSATIVE AGENT AB Following establishment of Myxobolus cerebralis (the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease) in Colorado, populations of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss experienced significant declines, whereas Brown Trout Salmo trutta densities increased in many locations across the state, potentially influencing the success of M. cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout reintroductions. We examined the effects of Brown Trout removal on the short-term (3-month) survival and movement of two crosses of reintroduced, M. cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout in the Cache la Poudre River, Colorado. Radio frequency identification passive integrated transponder tags and antennas were used to track movements of wild Brown Trout and stocked Rainbow Trout in reaches where Brown Trout had or had not been removed. Multistate mark-recapture models were used to estimate tagged fish apparent survival and movement in these sections 3 months following Brown Trout removal. A cross between the German Rainbow Trout and Colorado River Rainbow Trout strains exhibited similar survival and movement probabilities in the reaches, suggesting that the presence of Brown Trout did not affect its survival or movement. However, a cross between the German Rainbow Trout and Harrison Lake Rainbow Trout exhibited less movement from the reach in which Brown Trout had been removed. Despite this, the overall short-term benefits of the removal were equivocal, suggesting that Brown Trout removal may not be beneficial for the reintroduction of Rainbow Trout. Additionally, the logistical constraints of conducting removals in large river systems are substantial and may not be a viable management option in many rivers. C1 [Fetherman, Eric R.; Schisler, George J.; Davies, K.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fetherman, ER (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM eric.fetherman@state.co.us RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife; Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Colorado State University; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program [F-394R] FX This work was sponsored in part by Colorado Parks and Wildlife and the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Colorado State University, and funding was provided in part by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program, project F-394R. The authors would like to thank B. Avila for his assistance with antenna maintenance, Brown Trout removal, and population sampling; J. Ingram and the CPW Poudre Rearing Unit staff for coordination of removal volunteers; D. Davis, the CPW Gleenwood Springs Hatchery staff, P. Schler, B. Neuschwanger, the CPW Bellvue Fish Research Hatchery staff, and the CPW Bellvue-Watson Fish Hatchery staff for their assistance with fish rearing, transport, and stocking; and, the CPW researchers, aquatic biologists, and volunteers that assisted with the Brown Trout removal and Rainbow Trout stocking. The authors would also like to thank L. Angeloni and K. Huyvaert for their assistance with study design, data interpretation, and writing. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. Colorado State University IACUC 10-1956A. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 610 EP 626 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1007166 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800015 ER PT S AU Ort, MH Newkirk, TT Vilas, JF Vazquez, JA AF Ort, M. H. Newkirk, T. T. Vilas, J. F. Vazquez, J. A. BE Ort, MH Porreca, M Geissman, JW TI Towards the definition of AMS facies in the deposits of pyroclastic density currents SO USE OF PALAEOMAGNETISM AND ROCK MAGNETISM TO UNDERSTAND VOLCANIC PROCESSES SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS; FLOW DIRECTION INDICATORS; HIGH-GRADE IGNIMBRITE; PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; CAMPANIAN IGNIMBRITE; VOLCANIC FIELD; DISTRIBUTION ANISOTROPY; RHEOMORPHIC STRUCTURES; EVIDENCE BEARING; SOMMA-VESUVIUS AB Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) provides a statistically robust technique to characterize the fabrics of deposits of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). AMS fabrics in two types of pyroclastic deposits (small-volume phreatomagmatic currents in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Arizona, USA, and large-volume caldera-forming currents, Caviahue Caldera, Neuquen, Argentina) show similar patterns. Near the vent and in areas of high topographical roughness, AMS depositional fabrics are poorly grouped, with weak lineations and foliations. In a densely welded proximal ignimbrite, this fabric is overprinted by a foliation formed as the rock compacted and deformed. Medial deposits have moderate-strong AMS lineations and foliations. The most distal deposits have strong foliations but weak lineations. Based on these facies and existing models for pyroclastic density currents, deposition in the medial areas occurs from the strongly sheared, high-particle-concentration base of a density-stratified current. In proximal areas and where topography mixes this denser base upwards into the current, deposition occurs rapidly from a current with little uniformity to the shear, in which particles fall and collide in a chaotic fashion. Distal deposits are emplaced by a slowing or stalled current so that the dominant particle motion is vertical, leading to weak lineation and strong foliation. C1 [Ort, M. H.] No Arizona Univ, SESES, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Newkirk, T. T.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Vilas, J. F.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Geol, Inst Geofis Daniel A Valencio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Vazquez, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ort, MH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, SESES, Box 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM michael.ort@nau.edu NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-629-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 396 BP 205 EP 226 DI 10.1144/SP396.8 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC7SP UT WOS:000355193000011 ER PT S AU Olivier, HM Jenkins, JA AF Olivier, Heather M. Jenkins, Jill A. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Proper Handling of Animal Tissues from the Field to the Laboratory Supports Reliable Biomarker Endpoints SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EEL ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; CHANNEL CATFISH SPERM; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DNA; CYTOCHROME-P4501A; PRESERVATION; EXPOSURE; BLOOD; FISH; OIL C1 [Olivier, Heather M.; Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Olivier, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900005 ER PT S AU Andersen, ME AF Andersen, Matthew E. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Early Review of Potential Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Gulf of Mexico Wetlands and Their Associated Fisheries SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; CRUDE-OIL; SALT-MARSH; COASTAL MARSH; EXXON-VALDEZ; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; BARATARIA BAY; LOUISIANA; ECOSYSTEM; FISH C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Andersen, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 97 EP 112 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900006 ER PT S AU Ballachey, BE Bodkin, JL Esler, D Rice, SD AF Ballachey, Brenda E. Bodkin, James L. Esler, Daniel Rice, Stanley D. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Biological Perspective SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; PINK SALMON; SEA OTTERS; CRUDE-OIL; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; JUVENILE PINK; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION C1 [Ballachey, Brenda E.; Bodkin, James L.; Esler, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rice, Stanley D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Ballachey, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 105 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 181 EP 197 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900010 ER PT J AU Price, OF Pausas, JG Govender, N Flannigan, M Fernandes, PM Brooks, ML Bird, RB AF Price, Owen F. Pausas, Juli G. Govender, Navashni Flannigan, Mike Fernandes, Paulo M. Brooks, Mathew L. Bird, Rebecca Bliege TI Global patterns in fire leverage: the response of annual area burnt to previous fire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire management; fire risk; prescribed fire; unplanned fire; wildfire ID FUEL TREATMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BOREAL FOREST; AUSTRALIA; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; SEVERITY AB Prescribed fire is practiced around the world to reduce the effect of unplanned fire, but we hypothesise that its effectiveness is proportional to the mean annual area burnt by unplanned fire, which varies among biomes. Fire history mapping was obtained for six global case studies from a range of biomes: Portugal, Spain (both Mediterranean), Alberta (boreal Canada), Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (montane USA), the Sandy Desert (arid Australia) and Kruger National Park (South African savanna). Leverage is the unit reduction in unplanned fire area resulting from one unit of previous fire as measured at a regional scale over a long period. We calculated leverage for each case study using statistical modelling of annual area burnt, controlling for annual climatic variation. We combined the six leverage values with those from four previously published cases to conduct a global test of our hypothesis. Leverage was high in Portugal (similar to 0.9) and moderate in the Sandy Desert (similar to 0.3). However, the other case studies showed no evidence of leverage: burnt area was not influenced by past fire. In all regions, climatic variation had more influence than past area burnt on annual area burnt. The global analysis revealed a positive relationship between mean area burnt and leverage but only when outlying cases were removed. In biomes with low fire activity, prescribed fire is unlikely to reduce unplanned fire area at all, while for many others, the return for effort is likely to be low. Lessons derived from one biome cannot necessarily be applied to another. C1 [Price, Owen F.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Pausas, Juli G.] Consejo Super Invest Cient CIDE CSIC, Ctr Invest Desertificac, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Govender, Navashni] Kruger Natl Pk, Sci Serv, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. [Flannigan, Mike] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Fernandes, Paulo M.] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Ctr Invest & Tecnol Agroambientais & Tecnol CITAB, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal. [Brooks, Mathew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Bird, Rebecca Bliege] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Price, OF (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM oprice@uow.edu.au RI Fernandes, Paulo/A-6948-2008 OI Fernandes, Paulo/0000-0003-0336-4398 FU Rural Fire Service of New South Wales (Australia); US Geological Survey; US National Science Foundation [BCS-0850664] FX This study was funded by the Rural Fire Service of New South Wales (Australia) and the US Geological Survey. R. Bliege Bird is funded by US National Science Foundation, grant #BCS-0850664. We thank the Spanish Forest Fire Service and the Agencia Espanola de Meteorologia (AEMET) for providing the data for Spain. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1071/WF14034 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CI5OY UT WOS:000354808600002 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Bies, JM Hann, DA AF Miranda, L. E. Bies, J. M. Hann, D. A. TI Land use structures fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Tennessee River SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GIZZARD SHAD; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FOOD WEBS; NUTRIENT; SIZE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRODUCTIVITY; TERRESTRIAL; PLANKTIVORE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Inputs of nutrients, sediments and detritus from catchments can promote selected components of reservoir fish assemblages, while hindering others. However, investigations linking these catchment subsidies to fish assemblages have generally focussed on one or a handful of species. Considering this paucity of community-level awareness, we sought to explore the association between land use and fish assemblage composition in reservoirs. To this end, we compared fish assemblages in reservoirs of two sub-basins of the Tennessee River representing differing intensities of agricultural development, and hypothesised that fish assemblage structure indicated by species percentage composition would differ among reservoirs in the two sub-basins. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we documented inter-basin differences in land use, reservoir productivity and fish assemblages, but no differences in reservoir morphometry or water regime. Basins were separated along a gradient of forested and non-forested catchment land cover, which was directly related to total nitrogen, total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a concentrations. Considering the extensive body of knowledge linking land use to aquatic systems, it is reasonable to postulate a hierarchical model in which productivity has direct links to terrestrial inputs, and fish assemblages have direct links to both land use and productivity. We observed a shift from an invertivore-based fish assemblage in forested catchments to a detritivore-based fish assemblage in agricultural catchments that may be a widespread pattern among reservoirs and other aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bies, J. M.; Hann, D. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov RI Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013 OI Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2015 VL 66 IS 6 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1071/MF14188 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CI7RX UT WOS:000354963200005 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Chizinski, CJ Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Chizinski, Christopher J. Pope, Kevin L. TI Reservoir Area of Influence and Implications for Fisheries Management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOME-RANGE; ANGLERS AB Understanding the spatial area that a reservoir draws anglers from, defined as the reservoir's area of influence, and the potential overlap of that area of influence between reservoirs is important for fishery managers. Our objective was to define the area of influence for reservoirs of the Salt Valley regional fishery in southeastern Nebraska using kernel density estimation. We used angler survey data obtained from in-person interviews at 17 reservoirs during 2009-2012. The area of influence, defined by the 95% kernel density, for reservoirs within the Salt Valley regional fishery varied, indicating that anglers use reservoirs differently across the regional fishery. Areas of influence reveal angler preferences in a regional context, indicating preferred reservoirs with a greater area of influence. Further, differences in areas of influences across time and among reservoirs can be used as an assessment following management changes on an individual reservoir or within a regional fishery. Kernel density estimation provided a clear method for creating spatial maps of areas of influence and provided a two-dimensional view of angler travel, as opposed to the traditional mean travel distance assessment. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.; Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; Chizinski, Christopher J.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, 4010 West Broad St, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. EM dustin.martin@dgif.virginia.gov RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.975299 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI2KJ UT WOS:000354576000001 ER PT J AU Hughes, JB Hightower, JE AF Hughes, Jacob B. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Combining Split-Beam and Dual-Frequency Identification Sonars to Estimate Abundance of Anadromous Fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FIXED-LOCATION; AMERICAN SHAD; DIDSON; PRECISION; ACCURACY; HYDROACOUSTICS; TECHNOLOGY; POPULATION; ACOUSTICS; UPSTREAM AB Riverine hydroacoustic techniques are an effective method for evaluating abundance of upstream migrating anadromous fishes. To use these methods in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, at a wide site with uneven bottom topography, we used a combination of split-beam sonar and dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) deployments. We aimed a split-beam sonar horizontally to monitor midchannel and near-bottom zones continuously over the 3-month spring monitoring periods in 2010 and 2011. The DIDSON was rotated between seven cross-channel locations (using a vertical aim) and nearshore regions (using horizontal aims). Vertical deployment addressed blind spots in split-beam coverage along the bottom and provided reliable information about the cross-channel and vertical distributions of upstream migrants. Using a Bayesian framework, we modeled sonar counts within four cross-channel strata and apportioned counts by species using species proportions from boat electrofishing and gill netting. Modeled estimates (95% credible intervals [CIs]) of total upstream migrants in 2010 and 2011 were 2.5 million (95% CI, 2.4-2.6 million) and 3.6 million (95% CI, 3.4-3.9 million), respectively. Results indicated that upstream migrants are extremely shore-and bottom-oriented, suggesting nearshore DIDSON monitoring improved the accuracy and precision of our estimates. This monitoring protocol and model may be widely applicable to river systems regardless of their cross-sectional width or profile. C1 [Hughes, Jacob B.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hughes, JB (reprint author), Idaho Power Co, 1221 West Idaho St, Boise, ID 83616 USA. EM jhughes@idahopower.com FU Dominion Power Company; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; North Carolina State University; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by Dominion Power Company and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. We thank fisheries technicians Joshua Ashline and Jacob Johnson for field assistance, Anna-Marie Mueller and Don Degan of Aquacoustics for hydroacoustic training and guidance, and Charlton Godwin of North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries for providing monthly catch data from netting surveys. This manuscript benefited from the comments of Carolyn Griswold and two anonymous reviewers. The Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Sampling was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols 08-008-O and 11-037-O. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.992558 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI2KJ UT WOS:000354576000007 ER PT J AU Pritt, JJ Roseman, EF Ross, JE DeBruyne, RL AF Pritt, Jeremy J. Roseman, Edward F. Ross, Jason E. DeBruyne, Robin L. TI Using Larval Fish Community Structure to Guide Long-Term Monitoring of Fish Spawning Activity SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGE; ERIE; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; WALLEYE; STREAMS AB Larval fishes provide a direct indication of spawning activity and may therefore be useful for long-term monitoring efforts in relation to spawning habitat restoration. However, larval fish sampling can be time intensive and costly. We sought to understand the spatial and temporal structure of larval fish communities in the St. Clair-Detroit River system, Michigan-Ontario, to determine whether targeted larval fish sampling can be made more efficient for long-term monitoring. We found that larval fish communities were highly nested, with lower river segments and late-spring samples containing the highest genus richness of larval fish. We created four sampling scenarios for each river system: (1) using all available data, (2) limiting temporal sampling to late spring, (3) limiting spatial sampling to lower river segments only, and (4) limiting both spatial and temporal sampling. By limiting the spatial extent of sampling to lower river sites and/or limiting the temporal extent to the late-spring period, we found that effort could be reduced by more than 50% while maintaining over 75% of the observed and estimated total genus richness. Similarly, limiting the sampling effort to lower river sites and/or the late-spring period maintained between 65% and 93% of the observed richness of lithophilic-spawning genera and invasive genera. In general, community composition remained consistent among sampling scenarios. Targeted sampling offers a lower-cost alternative to exhaustive spatial and temporal sampling and may be more readily incorporated into long-term monitoring. C1 [Pritt, Jeremy J.; Roseman, Edward F.; Ross, Jason E.; DeBruyne, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [DeBruyne, Robin L.] Michigan State Univ, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Pritt, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jpritt@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; DeBruyne, Robin L./0000-0002-9232-7937 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [70] FX This work would not have been possible without the support of Nick Arend, David Bennion, Emily Bouckaert, Dustin Bowser, Nelson Cordero, Jaquie Craig, Ellen George, Darryl Hondorp, Robert Hunter, Stacey Ireland, Christina Jovanovic, Greg Kennedy, Kelsey Lincoln, Maureen Lynch, Bruce Manny, Darrin McCullough, Erik McDonald, Matthew McLean, Tim O'Brien, Stacy Provo, Lismar Rodriguez, Jenny Sutherland, and Patricia Thompson. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Number 70 (Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor). This is Contribution Number 1895 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.996687 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI2KJ UT WOS:000354576000008 ER PT J AU Esselman, PC Stevenson, RJ Lupi, F Riseng, CM Wiley, MJ AF Esselman, Peter C. Stevenson, R. Jan Lupi, Frank Riseng, Catherine M. Wiley, Michael J. TI Landscape Prediction and Mapping of Game Fish Biomass, an Ecosystem Service of Michigan Rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LAND-USE; BROWN TROUT; REGRESSION TREES; HABITAT FEATURES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LOWER PENINSULA; GREAT-LAKES; STREAM FISH AB The increased integration of ecosystem service concepts into natural resource management places renewed emphasis on prediction and mapping of fish biomass as a major provisioning service of rivers. The goals of this study were to predict and map patterns of fish biomass as a proxy for the availability of catchable fish for anglers in rivers and to identify the strongest landscape constraints on fish productivity. We examined hypotheses about fish responses to total phosphorus (TP), as TP is a growth-limiting nutrient known to cause increases (subsidy response) and/or decreases (stress response) in fish biomass depending on its concentration and the species being considered. Boosted regression trees were used to define nonlinear functions that predicted the standing crops of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu, panfishes (seven centrarchid species), and Walleye Sander vitreus by using landscape and modeled local-scale predictors. Fitted models were highly significant and explained 22-56% of the variation in validation data sets. Nonlinear and threshold responses were apparent for numerous predictors, including TP concentration, which had significant effects on all except the Walleye fishery. Brook Trout and Smallmouth Bass exhibited both subsidy and stress responses, panfish biomass exhibited a subsidy response only, and Brown Trout exhibited a stress response. Maps of reach-specific standing crop predictions showed patterns of predicted fish biomass that corresponded to spatial patterns in catchment area, water temperature, land cover, and nutrient availability. Maps illustrated predictions of higher trout biomass in coldwater streams draining glacial till in northern Michigan, higher Smallmouth Bass and panfish biomasses in warmwater systems of southern Michigan, and high Walleye biomass in large main-stem rivers throughout the state. Our results allow fisheries managers to examine the biomass potential of streams, describe geographic patterns of fisheries, explore possible nutrient management targets, and identify habitats that are candidates for species management. C1 [Esselman, Peter C.; Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lupi, Frank] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lupi, Frank] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Riseng, Catherine M.; Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Esselman, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM pce@msu.edu RI Lupi, Frank/B-7865-2010 OI Lupi, Frank/0000-0003-2287-2259 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, to R.J.S. and F.L. We thank Zhen Zhang (Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, Michigan State University), Glenn De'ath, and Jane Elith for assistance in implementing models within R. We also acknowledge Paul Steen for sharing the results of his research, and we are grateful to Troy Zorn, Jeff Schaeffer, Richard Melstrom, Jim McKenna, Chris Holbrook, and an anonymous reviewer for providing valuable input to the manuscript. This article is contribution 1917 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 302 EP 320 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.987887 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI2KJ UT WOS:000354576000014 ER PT J AU Minsley, BJ Wellman, TP Walvoord, MA Revil, A AF Minsley, B. J. Wellman, T. P. Walvoord, M. A. Revil, A. TI Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; YUKON FLATS; SHALY SANDS; USA; MODEL; LAKE AB A coupled hydrogeophysical forward and inverse modeling approach is developed to illustrate the ability of frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data to characterize subsurface physical properties associated with sublacustrine permafrost thaw during lake-talik formation. Numerical modeling scenarios are evaluated that consider non-isothermal hydrologic responses to variable forcing from different lake depths and for different hydrologic gradients. A novel physical property relationship connects the dynamic distribution of electrical resistivity to ice saturation and temperature outputs from the SUTRA groundwater simulator with freeze-thaw physics. The influence of lithology on electrical resistivity is controlled by a surface conduction term in the physical property relationship. Resistivity models, which reflect changes in subsurface conditions, are used as inputs to simulate AEM data in order to explore the sensitivity of geophysical observations to permafrost thaw. Simulations of sublacustrine talik formation over a 1000-year period are modeled after conditions found in the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Synthetic AEM data are analyzed with a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that quantifies geophysical parameter uncertainty and resolution. Major lithological and permafrost features are well resolved by AEM data in the examples considered. The subtle geometry of partial ice saturation beneath lakes during talik formation cannot be resolved using AEM data, but the gross characteristics of sub-lake resistivity models reflect bulk changes in ice content and can identify the presence of a talik. A final synthetic example compares AEM and ground-based electro-magnetic responses for their ability to resolve shallow permafrost and thaw features in the upper 1-2m below ground outside the lake margin. C1 [Minsley, B. J.] USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wellman, T. P.] USGS, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Walvoord, M. A.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO USA. [Revil, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, A.] Univ Savoie, ISTerre, UMR CNRS 5275, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Minsley, BJ (reprint author), USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bminsley@usgs.gov OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-2111]; USGS National Research Program; USGS Geophysical Methods Development Project FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) through grant no. RC-2111. We gratefully acknowledge additional support from the USGS National Research Program and the USGS Geophysical Methods Development Project. USGS reviews provided by Josh Koch and Marty Briggs have greatly improved this manuscript. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 2 BP 781 EP 794 DI 10.5194/tc-9-781-2015 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CH2TU UT WOS:000353878400025 ER PT J AU Holland, PR Brisbourne, A Corr, HFJ McGrath, D Purdon, K Paden, J Fricker, HA Paolo, FS Fleming, AH AF Holland, P. R. Brisbourne, A. Corr, H. F. J. McGrath, D. Purdon, K. Paden, J. Fricker, H. A. Paolo, F. S. Fleming, A. H. TI Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; WEDDELL SEA; STABILITY; COLLAPSE; DISINTEGRATION; SHEET; TEMPERATURE; GLACIERS; BREAKUP; IMPACT AB The catastrophic collapses of Larsen A and B ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula have caused their tributary glaciers to accelerate, contributing to sea-level rise and freshening the Antarctic Bottom Water formed nearby. The surface of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), the largest ice shelf on the peninsula, is lowering. This could be caused by unbalanced ocean melting (ice loss) or enhanced firn melting and compaction (englacial air loss). Using a novel method to analyse eight radar surveys, this study derives separate estimates of ice and air thickness changes during a 15-year period. The uncertainties are considerable, but the primary estimate is that the surveyed lowering (0.066 +/- 0.017 myr(-1)) is caused by both ice loss (0.28 +/- 0.18 myr(-1)) and firn-air loss (0.037 +/- 0.026 myr(-1)). The ice loss is much larger than the air loss, but both contribute approximately equally to the lowering because the ice is floating. The ice loss could be explained by high basal melting and/or ice divergence, and the air loss by low surface accumulation or high surface melting and/or compaction. The primary estimate therefore requires that at least two forcings caused the surveyed lowering. Mechanisms are discussed by which LCIS stability could be compromised in the future. The most rapid pathways to collapse are offered by the ungrounding of LCIS from Bawden Ice Rise or ice-front retreat past a "compressive arch" in strain rates. Recent evidence suggests that either mechanism could pose an imminent risk. C1 [Holland, P. R.; Brisbourne, A.; Corr, H. F. J.; Fleming, A. H.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [McGrath, D.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [McGrath, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Purdon, K.; Paden, J.] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Fricker, H. A.; Paolo, F. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Holland, PR (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM p.holland@bas.ac.uk RI Holland, Paul/G-2796-2012; OI MCGRATH, DANIEL/0000-0002-9462-6842 FU Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota under NSF OPP [ANT-1043681] FX We gratefully acknowledge the vital contribution of many dedicated field workers and support staff in enabling the radar and satellite campaigns underpinning this study. The imagery in Fig. 10 was provided by the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota under NSF OPP agreement ANT-1043681. Laurie Padman is gratefully acknowledged for providing the satellite radar altimetry data and much useful advice. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1024 DI 10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CI0QK UT WOS:000354442400012 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Evans, AM Odom, RH Rodrigue, JL Kelly, CA Abaid, N Diggins, CA Newcomb, D AF Ford, W. Mark Evans, Andrew M. Odom, Richard H. Rodrigue, Jane L. Kelly, Christine A. Abaid, Nicole Diggins, Corinne A. Newcomb, Douglas TI Predictive habitat models derived from nest-box occupancy for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in the southern Appalachians SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS-FUSCUS; RED SPRUCE; HOME-RANGE; MOUNTAINS; VIRGINIA; USA; DYNAMICS; FORESTS AB In the southern Appalachians, artificial nest-boxes are used to survey for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus), a disjunct subspecies associated with high elevation (>1385 m) forests. Using environmental parameters diagnostic of squirrel habitat, we created 35 a priori occupancy models in the program PRESENCE for boxes surveyed in western North Carolina, 1996-2011. Our best approximating model showed CNFS denning associated with sheltered landforms and montane conifers, primarily red spruce Picea rubens. As sheltering decreased, decreasing distance to conifers was important. Area with a high probability (>0.5) of occupancy was distributed over 18 662 ha of habitat, mostly across 10 mountain ranges. Because nest-box surveys underrepresented areas >1750 m and CNFS forage in conifers, we combined areas of high occupancy with conifer GIS coverages to create an additional distribution model of likely habitat. Regionally, above 1385 m, we determined that 31 795 ha could be occupied by CNFS. Known occupied patches ranged from <50 ha in the Long Hope Valley in North Carolina to approximately 20 000 ha in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park along the North Carolina-Tennessee boundary. These findings should allow managers to better define, protect and enhance existing CNFS habitat and provide a basis for future surveys. Owing to model biases, we view this as only a first approximation. Further research combining den selection with foraging habitat use across the full range of elevations, landforms and forest types is needed to increase predictive accuracy of CNFS distribution and sub-population viability. C1 [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Evans, Andrew M.] Texas Agr & Mech Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Odom, Richard H.] Virginia Tech, Geospatial & Environm Anal, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Kelly, Christine A.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Abaid, Nicole] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Diggins, Corinne A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Newcomb, Douglas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, North Carolina Field Off, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wmford@vt.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4, Asheville; North Carolina Field Office, US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries FX The funding of our study was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4, Asheville, North Carolina Field Office, US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The use of any trade, product, or firm name does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 2 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.3354/esr00662 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CH3GG UT WOS:000353916400004 ER PT J AU Tabor, RA Lantz, DW Olden, JD Berge, HB Waterstrat, FT AF Tabor, Roger A. Lantz, Daniel W. Olden, Julian D. Berge, Hans B. Waterstrat, Frithiof T. TI Assessment of Introduced Prickly Sculpin Populations in Mountain Lakes in Two Areas of Western Washington State SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Introduced fish; prickly sculpin; mountain lakes ID FRESH-WATER SCULPINS; COTTUS-ASPER; ALPINE LAKE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; COASTAL STREAMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SLIMY SCULPIN; LIFE-HISTORY; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT AB Short-distance (i.e., < 100 km) introductions of diminutive fish species are often not well documented but may have important ecological consequences. Prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), which are native to lowland habitats of the Pacific Northwest, have been introduced in some mountain lakes of western Washington State. The ecology of six introduced populations of prickly sculpin was investigated through daytime minnow trapping, diet analysis, and age and growth analysis. Results of minnow trapping indicated prickly sculpin were abundant in each lake (Nisqually River lakes, mean = 11.3 individuals/trap; Dry Bed Lakes in Satsop River basin, mean = 1.9 individuals/trap). Prickly sculpin diet in the Nisqually River lakes was composed primarily of micro-crustaceans (92% by number of all prey items; dominated by copepods and cladocerans), chironomids, mollusks, and sculpin In the Dry Bed Lakes, the diet was composed primarily of caddisflies, oligochaetes, and micro-crustaceans. In native lentic habitats, prickly sculpin primarily consume macroinvertebrates with the rare occurrence of micro-crustaceans in the diet. Similar to native populations, prickly sculpin in the mountain lakes reached sizes greater than 150 mm total length; however, their growth rates were slower. In conclusion, prickly sculpin were common in the mountain lakes, consumed a variety of prey types and sizes, and grew to a relatively large size; therefore, this species may have important effects on the ecosystem of these lakes. However, additional assessment of their native and introduced distribution and ecology is needed to better understand their potential as an invasive species. C1 [Tabor, Roger A.; Waterstrat, Frithiof T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Lantz, Daniel W.] Dept Nat Resources & Parks, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Berge, Hans B.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM roger_tabor@fws.gov OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Washington Fish and Wildlife Office FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Washington Fish and Wildlife Office. We would like to thank Jeffery Chan, Travis Headrick, Rachel Brooks, and Alex Bell (USFWS) for their assistance with the field data collections. Tim Grun, Kira Mazzi, and Michael Elam (USFWS), and Lucinda Morrow (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) assisted with the otolith analysis. Diet analysis of the Nisqually River lakes was conducted by Robert Wisseman and other staff at Aquatic Biology Associates, Inc. with assistance from Roger Peters (USFWS). We would also like to thank Barbara Samora (Mount Rainier National Park), Ken Wieman (Gifford-Pinchot National Forest), and Eric Beach (Green Diamond Resource Company) for logistic support and providing information on the mountain lakes. Rob Nielsen (URS Corporation) and N. Phil Peterson (West Fork Environmental) provided some of our original information on distribution of prickly sculpin. Suggestions by Shannon Brewer (U.S. Geological Survey), Denise Hawkins (USFWS), and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH9BQ UT WOS:000354331400001 ER PT J AU Jezorek, IG Connolly, PJ AF Jezorek, Ian G. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Abundance and Distribution of Non-native Chinook Salmon and Native ESA-listed Steelhead in the Wind River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE steelhead; Chinook salmon; juvenile salmonid density; non-native species ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PACIFIC SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HATCHERY STEELHEAD; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; HABITAT SELECTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; LIFE-HISTORY; BROWN TROUT AB Biotic and abiotic factors influence fish populations and distributions. Concerns have been raised about the influence of hatchery fish on wild populations. Carson National Fish Hatchery produces spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Wind River, Washington, and some spawn in the river. Managers were concerned that Chinook salmon could negatively affect wild steelhead O. mykiss and that a self-sustaining population of Chinook salmon may develop. Our objectives were to assess: 1) the distribution and populations of juvenile spring Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead in the upper Wind River; 2) the influence of stream flow and of each population on the other; and 3) if Chinook salmon populations were self-sustaining. We snorkeled to determine distribution and abundance. Flow in the fall influenced upstream distribution and abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon. Juvenile Chinook salmon densities were consistently low (range 0.0 to 5.7 fish 100 m(-2)) and not influenced by number of spawners, winter flow magnitude, or steelhead abundance. Juvenile steelhead were distributed through the study section each year. Age-0 and age-1 steelhead densities (age-0 range: 0.04 to 37.0 fish 100 m(-2); age-1 range: 0.02 to 6.21 fish 100 m(-2)) were consistently higher than for juvenile Chinook salmon. Steelhead spawner abundance positively influenced juvenile steelhead abundance. During this study, Chinook salmon in the Wind River appear to have had little effect on steelhead. Low juvenile Chinook salmon abundance and a lack of a spawner-to-juvenile relationship suggest Chinook salmon are not self-sustaining and potential for such a population is low under current conditions. C1 [Jezorek, Ian G.; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Jezorek, IG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501-A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ijezorek@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [1998-019-01, 41038]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Lower Columbia River Fish Health Center FX Funding for this work was provided by Bonneville Power Administration and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. John Baugher was our Bonneville Power Administration contracting office during this study under project number 1998-019-01, contract number 41038. Susan Gutenberger from Lower Columbia River Fish Health Center was instrumental in initiating the USFWS funding and coordination. Dan Rawding and Charlie Cochran with WDFW deserve thanks for adult and smolt estimates. Brian Bair, with USFS, provided personnel assistance. Brady Allen, Brian Beardsley, Jodi Charrier, Kate Maurer, Kyle Martens, Kevin Mitchell, Eugene Morgan, Carrie Munz, Sarah Rose, Scott Sebring, and Emily Weed were fellow CRRL employees who contributed field and office hours. Joe Zendt of Yakama Nation and John Beeman of USGS both provided helpful reviews. Three anonymous reviewers also provided very helpful comments. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for informational use and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1 BP 58 EP 74 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH9BQ UT WOS:000354331400005 ER PT J AU Shope, CL Maharjan, GR AF Shope, Christopher L. Maharjan, Ganga Ram TI Modeling Spatiotemporal Precipitation: Effects of Density, Interpolation, and Land Use Distribution SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; CATCHMENT SCALE; SOUTH-KOREA; SWAT MODEL; PART II; RUNOFF; SOIL; SENSITIVITY AB Characterization of precipitation is critical in quantifying distributed catchment-wide discharge. The gauge network is a key driver in hydrologic modeling to characterize discharge. The accuracy of precipitation is dependent on the location of stations, the density of the network, and the interpolation scheme. Our study examines 16 weather stations in a 64 km 2 catchment. We develop a weighted, distributed approach for gap-filling the observed meteorological dataset. We analyze five interpolation methods (Thiessen, IDW, nearest neighbor, spline, and ordinary Kriging) at five gauge densities. We utilize precipitation in a SWAT model to estimate discharge in lumped parameter simulations and in a distributed approach at the multiple densities (1, 16, 50, 142, and 300 stations). Gauge density has a substantial impact on distributed discharge and the optimal gauge density is between 50 and 142 stations. Our results also indicate that the IDW interpolation scheme was optimum, although the Kriging and Thiessen polygon methods produced similar results. To further examine variability in discharge, we characterized the land use and soil distribution throughout each of the subbasins. The optimal rain gauge position and distribution of the gauges drastically influence catchment-wide runoff. We found that it is best to locate the gauges near less permeable locations. C1 [Shope, Christopher L.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Shope, Christopher L.] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Flow Apportionment Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Shope, Christopher L.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Directorate Boundary Condit, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [Maharjan, Ganga Ram] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Phys, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Shope, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM cshope@usgs.gov RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013 OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811 FU International Research Training Group TERRECO through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth [GRK 1565/1] FX The authors appreciate the assistance of T. Foken, J. Luers, and P. Zhao of the University of Bayreuth in interpreting the meteorological data. They also acknowledge the assistance of R. Geyer in parameterizing the time series data. Support from the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1) funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth is greatly acknowledged. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 174196 DI 10.1155/2015/174196 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH1LT UT WOS:000353783900001 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Newsome, SD Zimmerman, CE AF von Biela, Vanessa R. Newsome, Seth D. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Examining the utility of bulk otolith delta C-13 to describe diet in wild-caught black rockfish Sebastes melanops SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Food web; Carbon isotopes; Stable isotope; Nearshore; Kelp; Micromill ID CARBON STABLE-ISOTOPES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FOOD-WEB; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; LIPID EXTRACTION; FISH POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC COD; MARINE FISH AB Otolith carbon isotope delta C-13 values may provide temporally resolved diet proxies in fish. If otolith delta C-13 values reflect diet, isotope values from recent otolith and muscle tissue should correlate and known ontogenetic diet shifts should be reflected in comparisons between otolith material deposited during different life history stages. We analyzed paired otolith and muscle samples for delta C-13 from black rockfish Sebastes melanops to examine the potential of otoliths to reflect diet in small (200-299 mm fork length) and large (>= 300 mm) fish. We found a significant positive regression between delta C-13 values from recent (similar to 12 mo) otolith material and muscle in large fish, but not in small fish. Within individual otoliths, delta C-13 values were enriched by similar to 3 parts per thousand in recent otolith edge material compared to age-0 otolith core material and were consistent with known nearshore-offshore gradients in delta C-13 values at the base of the food web. Bulk otolith delta C-13 appeared to provide a broad indicator of dietary carbon sources, but variation in metabolism and dissolved inorganic carbon delta C-13 among and within individuals likely influences otolith delta C-13 as well and limits precision. Nevertheless, the results are promising and bulk otolith delta C-13 may be an appropriate tool to examine large trophic and ecosystem level shifts that have occurred concurrently with changes in habitat, commercial fishing, invasive species, climate change, and other direct or indirect human impacts using historic or ancient otoliths. Future studies should continue to consider the utility of bulk otolith delta C-13 to describe diet in other marine fish using this simple approach. C1 [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS), Ecosystems Mission Area; Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative; USGS Pacific Nearshore Team FX This work is part of the Pacific Nearshore Project supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS), Ecosystems Mission Area, and the Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative to investigate biotic response to environmental variation in nearshore habitats of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We thank Jim Bodkin and the USGS Pacific Nearshore Team for project support, Kelli Blomberg for laboratory assistance, and Dr. Mark Clementz in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming for use of the micromill system. Comments from Kelton McMahon, Nora Hanson, and 3 anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.3354/ab00621 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CH3FK UT WOS:000353913500002 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, WB Anderson, F Barr, JG Graham, SL Botkin, DB AF Shoemaker, W. B. Anderson, F. Barr, J. G. Graham, S. L. Botkin, D. B. TI Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and subtropical forested cypress and pine wetlands SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MANGROVE FOREST; CO2; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; BALANCE; CYCLE; HEAT AB Carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and forested subtropical wetlands is largely unknown. Here we report a first step in characterizing this atmospheric ecosystem carbon (C) exchange, for cypress strands and pine forests in the Greater Everglades of Florida as measured with eddy covariance methods at three locations (Cypress Swamp, Dwarf Cypress and Pine Upland) for 2 years Links between water and C cycles are also examined at these three sites, as are methane emission measured only at the Dwarf Cypress site. Each forested wetland showed net C uptake from the atmosphere both monthly and annually, as indicated by the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2). For this study, NEE is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration, with negative values representing uptake from the atmosphere that is retained in the ecosystem or transported laterally via overland flow (unmeasured for this study). Atmospheric C uptake (NEE) was greatest at the Cypress Swampp (-900 to -1000 g C m(2) yr(-1)), moderate at the Pine Upland (-650 to -700 g C m(2) yr(-1)) and least at the Dwarf Cypress (-400 to -450 g C m(2) yr(-1)). Changes in NEE were clearly a function of seasonality in solar insolation, air temperature and flooding, which suppressed heterotrophic soil respiration. We also note that changes in the satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) served as a useful surrogate for changes in NEE at these forested wetland sites. C1 [Shoemaker, W. B.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Anderson, F.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Barr, J. G.] South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Graham, S. L.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Botkin, D. B.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Shoemaker, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 7500 SW 36th St, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM bshoemak@usgs.gov; fanders@usgs.gov OI Shoemaker, W. Barclay/0000-0002-7680-377X; Barr, Jordan/0000-0002-6460-3463 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEEES); South Florida Water Management District FX This study was funded, in part, by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEEES). Nick Aumen is acknowledged for helpful conversations about the Everglades during project meetings and fieldwork in BCNP. Michael J. Duever provided detailed vegetation descriptions and guidance during site selection. Steve Krupa and Cynthia Gefvert from the South Florida Water Management District funded tower construction. USGS peer reviews by Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Dave Sumner and Kim Haag improved the quality of the manuscript. Biogeoscience peer reviews by Ankur Desai and an anonymous referee also greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The data used to create this manuscript is openly available to the public at http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/carbonexchange/. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2285 EP 2300 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2285-2015 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CH2FG UT WOS:000353840500001 ER PT J AU Lazarus, RS Rattner, BA Brooks, BW Du, B McGowan, PC Blazer, VS Ottinger, MA AF Lazarus, Rebecca S. Rattner, Barnett A. Brooks, Bryan W. Du, Bowen McGowan, Peter C. Blazer, Vicki S. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Exposure and Food Web Transfer of Pharmaceuticals in Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus): Predictive Model and Empirical Data SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Diltiazem; Ospreys; Pharmaceuticals; Screening-level exposure assessment ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; FISH; PHARMACOKINETICS; ENVIRONMENT AB The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is a well-known sentinel of environmental contamination, yet no studies have traced pharmaceuticals through the water-fish-osprey food web. A screening-level exposure assessment was used to evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of 113 pharmaceuticals and metabolites, and an artificial sweetener in this food web. Hypothetical concentrations in water reflecting wastewater effluent dominated or dilution dominated scenarios were combined with pH-specific bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to predict uptake in fish. Residues in fish and osprey food intake rate were used to calculate the daily intake (DI) of compounds by an adult female osprey. Fourteen pharmaceuticals and a drug metabolite with a BCF greater than 100 and a DI greater than 20 mu g/kg were identified as being most likely to exceed the adult human therapeutic dose (HTD). These 15 compounds were also evaluated in a 40 day cumulative dose exposure scenario using first-order kinetics to account for uptake and elimination. Assuming comparable absorption to humans, the half-lives (t(1/2)) for an adult osprey to reach the HTD within 40 days were calculated. For 3 of these pharmaceuticals, the estimated t(1/2) in ospreys was less than that for humans, and thus an osprey might theoretically reach or exceed the HTD in 3 to 7 days. To complement the exposure model, 24 compounds were quantified in water, fish plasma, and osprey nestling plasma from 7 potentially impaired locations in Chesapeake Bay. Of the 18 analytes detected in water, 8 were found in fish plasma, but only 1 in osprey plasma (the antihypertensive diltiazem). Compared to diltiazem detection rate and concentrations in water (10/12 detects, 80%) of intersex fish in some impoundments but none in others. To explore factors associated with intersex in the impoundments, which did not receive wastewater, we examined potential predictor variables that varied among the levels of individual fish, impoundment, or landscape in a binomial mixed-model regression approach. Our model indicated effects of fish length, catch per unit effort (an index of fish density), and impoundment, which was the strongest effect. The probability of intersex was highest in smaller fish from impoundments with the highest catch rates. The underlying mechanism(s) for the impoundment effect remain unclear, but we hypothesize that estrogens excreted by high densities of fish and cyanobacteria may influence intersex. Additional studies are needed to understand the long-term population implications of intersex and the role of other biological and environmental factors, particularly at the impoundment level, in development of the intersex condition. C1 [Bringolf, Robert B.; Kellock, Kristen A.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bringolf, RB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bringo@uga.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-40-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 82 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BC4QG UT WOS:000352823400027 ER PT S AU Smith, GD Blazer, VS Walsh, HL Iwanowicz, LR Starliper, C Sperry, AJ AF Smith, Geoffrey D. Blazer, Vicki S. Walsh, Heather L. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Starliper, Clifford Sperry, Adam J. BE Tringali, MD Long, JM Birdsong, TW Allen, MS TI The Effects of Disease-Related Mortality of Young-of-Year Smallmouth Bass on Population Characteristics in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Potential Implications to Conservation of Black Bass Diversity SO BLACK BASS DIVERSITY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society-Southern-Division Symposium on Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation CY FEB 08-10, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, BASS, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, Florida Chapter, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Amer Fisheries Soc, Georgia Chapter, Georgia Power, Int Game Fish Assoc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Minnesota Chapter, Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, N Amer Black Bass Coalit, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, SE Aquat Resources Partnership, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Univ Florida, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter ID JUVENILE LARGEMOUTH BASS; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; POTOMAC RIVER; SHOAL BASS; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; GUADALUPE BASS; SUWANNEE BASS; CENTRAL TEXAS; SPOTTED BASS AB In recent years, wide-scale mortality of young-of-year (YOY) Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu has affected recruitment in the Susquehanna River and a number of its tributaries. Investigations have determined that these mortality events are associated with changes in various components of water quality in the presence of multiple pathogens. Outbreaks have been characterized by lesions colonized by several species of bacteria, including motile Aeromonas spp., Flavobacterium columnaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus inornatus and trematode metacercariae have been documented in affected fish. Many of the specimens submitted for analysis have also been infected by Largemouth Bass virus. However, the relationship between any particular pathogen and the mortalities remains unclear. Histological analysis of adult bass has demonstrated frequent and severe cases of intersex (i.e., testicular oocytes) and measurable plasma concentrations of vitellogenin in male Smallmouth Bass, suggesting the presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in the system. It is uncertain what compounds are present or how these compounds may contribute to immunosuppression of YOY Smallmouth Bass, allowing for bacterial and parasite colonization. A complex relationship of several, sublethal stressors are contributing to repeated occurrence of disease outbreaks. Although the Smallmouth Bass is not native to the Susquehanna system, it could be used as a case study as to how changes in water quality and multiple pathogens could pose a threat to conservation of populations of black bass species with low densities and limited distribution. C1 [Smith, Geoffrey D.] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Div Fisheries Management, Harrisburg, PA 17106 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Starliper, Clifford] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Walsh, Heather L.; Sperry, Adam J.] W Virginia Univ, Corp Res, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, GD (reprint author), Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Div Fisheries Management, 1601 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17106 USA. EM geofsmith@pa.gov NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-40-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 82 BP 319 EP 332 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BC4QG UT WOS:000352823400028 ER PT S AU Birdsong, TW Allen, IS Claussen, JE Garrett, GP Grabowski, TB Graham, J Harris, F Hartzog, A Hendrickson, D Krause, RA Leitner, JK Long, JM Metcalf, CK Philipp, DP Porak, WF Robinson, S Sammons, SM Shaw, SL Slaughter, JE Tringali, MD AF Birdsong, Timothy W. Allen, Micheal S. Claussen, Julie E. Garrett, Gary P. Grabowski, Timothy B. Graham, Jessica Harris, Fred Hartzog, Andrew Hendrickson, Dean Krause, Richard A. Leitner, Jean K. Long, James M. Metcalf, Christopher K. Philipp, David P. Porak, Wesley F. Robinson, Scott Sammons, Steven M. Shaw, Stephanie L. Slaughter, Joe E. Tringali, Michael D. BE Tringali, MD Long, JM Birdsong, TW Allen, MS TI Native Black Bass Initiative: Implementing Watershed-Scale Approaches to Conservation of Endemic Black Bass and Other Native Fishes in the Southern United States SO BLACK BASS DIVERSITY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society-Southern-Division Symposium on Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation CY FEB 08-10, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, BASS, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, Florida Chapter, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Amer Fisheries Soc, Georgia Chapter, Georgia Power, Int Game Fish Assoc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Minnesota Chapter, Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, N Amer Black Bass Coalit, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, SE Aquat Resources Partnership, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Univ Florida, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter ID RIVER; DIVERSITY; RESERVOIR; ALABAMA; USA AB Rivers and streams of the southern United States contain more than 1,800 aquatic species, 500 of which are regionally endemic. At present, 34% of the fish species and 90% of the mussel species in peril nationwide are found in these systems. Declines in these imperiled species are due to many factors, including hydrologic alteration, degraded water quality, loss of instream and watershed connectivity, physical habitat degradation, and the negative effects of nonindigenous species (e.g., predation on, competition with, and hybridization with native forms). In addition, this situation is exacerbated through human population growth, competing water demands, land-use changes, and other interrelated issues. If unchecked, these issues will likely continue to contribute to the imperilment and loss of native species in the region. Of the nine described species and subspecies of black bass, six are endemic to the southern United States: Guadalupe Bass Micropterus treculii, Shoal Bass M cataractae, Redeye Bass M. coosae, Florida Bass M floridanus, Alabama Bass M henshalli, and Suwannee Bass M notius. In addition, undescribed species and subspecies also exist and all are in need of conservation measures to prevent them from becoming imperiled. In an effort to focus and coordinate actions to support the long-term persistence of endemic black bass populations, local, state, and federal agencies, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and corporations from across the region joined with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to form the Native Black Bass Initiative (NBBI). The NBBI provides regional conservation strategies, objectives, and targets to restore and preserve functional processes in those watersheds that support natural habitat conditions and sustainable populations of endemic black bass and other native fishes of the region. Initial actions implemented through the NBBI focus on addressing the conservation needs of Guadalupe Bass in streams of the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas, Redeye Bass in the Savannah River watershed of Georgia and South Carolina, and Shoal Bass populations in the Apalachicola River watershed of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. C1 [Birdsong, Timothy W.; Garrett, Gary P.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Allen, Micheal S.; Shaw, Stephanie L.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Claussen, Julie E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Graham, Jessica] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Panama City Reg Off, Panama City, FL 32409 USA. [Harris, Fred; Philipp, David P.] Fisheries Conservat Fdn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Hartzog, Andrew; Metcalf, Christopher K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Hendrickson, Dean] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Nat Sci Ctr, Texas Nat Hist Collect, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Krause, Richard A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Holt, FL 32564 USA. [Leitner, Jean K.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Freshwater Fisheries Res, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. [Long, James M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Porak, Wesley F.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Eustis Fisheries Res Lab, Eustis, FL 32726 USA. [Robinson, Scott] Southeast Aquat Resources Partnership, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. [Sammons, Steven M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Slaughter, Joe E.] Georgia Power Co, Environm Lab, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. [Tringali, Michael D.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Birdsong, TW (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, 4200 Smith Sch Rd, Austin, TX 78744 USA. EM timothy.birdsong@tpwd.texas.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-40-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 82 BP 363 EP 378 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BC4QG UT WOS:000352823400030 ER PT S AU Metcalf, CK Morris, CR AF Metcalf, Christopher K. Morris, Cameron R. BE Tringali, MD Long, JM Birdsong, TW Allen, MS TI Approaches to Stream Habitat Restoration Techniques in the Southeastern United States SO BLACK BASS DIVERSITY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society-Southern-Division Symposium on Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation CY FEB 08-10, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, BASS, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, Florida Chapter, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Amer Fisheries Soc, Georgia Chapter, Georgia Power, Int Game Fish Assoc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Minnesota Chapter, Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, N Amer Black Bass Coalit, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, SE Aquat Resources Partnership, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Univ Florida, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter ID CHANNEL-DESIGN RESTORATION; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CATSKILL MOUNTAIN STREAMS; NEW-YORK; FISH; RIVER; WASHINGTON; NORTH; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES AB Stream restoration techniques in the southeastern United States have focused mostly on habitat manipulation. However, using simple and aggressive methodologies is necessary to promote cost effective methods of restoring habitat. A review of stream restoration practices is provided, with two detailed and different restoration scenarios presented, followed by a discussion on the effectiveness of these methods and lessons learned to help facilitate a range of options during the development of restoration goals and objectives. C1 [Metcalf, Christopher K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32045 USA. [Morris, Cameron R.] Preble Rish Consulting Engineers & Surveyors, Santa Rosa Beach, FL 32459 USA. RP Metcalf, CK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32045 USA. EM chris_metcalf@fws.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-40-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 82 BP 405 EP 417 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BC4QG UT WOS:000352823400033 ER PT S AU Freeman, BJ Taylor, AT Oswald, KJ Wares, J Freeman, MC Quattro, JM Leitner, JK AF Freeman, Byron J. Taylor, Andrew T. Oswald, Kenneth J. Wares, John Freeman, Mary C. Quattro, Joseph M. Leitner, Jean K. BE Tringali, MD Long, JM Birdsong, TW Allen, MS TI Shoal Basses: A Clade of Cryptic Identity SO BLACK BASS DIVERSITY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society-Southern-Division Symposium on Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation CY FEB 08-10, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, BASS, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, Florida Chapter, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Amer Fisheries Soc, Georgia Chapter, Georgia Power, Int Game Fish Assoc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Minnesota Chapter, Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, N Amer Black Bass Coalit, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, SE Aquat Resources Partnership, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Univ Florida, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter ID BLACK BASSES; REDEYE BASS; SPECIES DELIMITATION; MICROPTERUS-COOSAE; CENTRARCHIDAE; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY AB Shoal basses are a cryptic clade composed of Micropterus spp. restricted to the Apalachicola River system and three southeastern Atlantic slope river drainages in the southeastern United States. This reciprocally monophyletic clade includes the Shoal Bass M. cataractae (endemic to the Apalachicola River system), the Chattahoochee Bass M. chattahoochae, and two undescribed forms from the Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River drainages. Members of the shoal bass clade can be distinguished from all other species of Micropterus basses using 20 diagnostic characters (characteristic attributes) found in mitochondrial DNA (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene sequences. Each member of the clade additionally possesses unique characteristic attributes, which along with morphological and meristic characters can be used to diagnose this cryptic biodiversity. Biologists and managers have previously regarded the shoal basses in the Chattahoochee, Savannah, Altamaha and Ogeechee River systems as belonging to a single taxon synonymous with the Redeye Bass M. coosae, which is endemic to the Mobile River drainage. With these and previous analyses (including description of the Shoal Bass), we now recognize that what was once considered a single taxon actually comprises seven species, each of which is endemic to a single southeastern drainage. Recognizing and documenting the actual diversity of Micropterus spp. provides important information for managers who may wish to avoid stocking or translocations that could compromise the genetic integrity of native bass populations. Introductions of nonnative basses, including Alabama Bass M. henshalli, Spotted Bass M. punctulatus, and Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu currently threaten the integrity of native shoal bass species in streams of the Chattahoochee, Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River systems. C1 [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Taylor, Andrew T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Oswald, Kenneth J.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45206 USA. [Wares, John] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Leitner, Jean K.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. RP Freeman, BJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM budfree@uga.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-40-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 82 BP 449 EP 466 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BC4QG UT WOS:000352823400035 ER PT J AU Thorne, KM Mattsson, BJ Takekawa, J Cummings, J Crouse, D Block, G Bloom, V Gerhart, M Goldbeck, S Huning, B Sloop, C Stewart, M Taylor, K Valoppi, L AF Thorne, Karen M. Mattsson, Brady J. Takekawa, John Cummings, Jonathan Crouse, Debby Block, Giselle Bloom, Valary Gerhart, Matt Goldbeck, Steve Huning, Beth Sloop, Christina Stewart, Mendel Taylor, Karen Valoppi, Laura TI Collaborative decision-analytic framework to maximize resilience of tidal marshes to climate change SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian decision network; climate change; expert elicitation; San Francisco Bay; sea-level rise; structured decision making; tidal marsh ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; COASTAL ZONES; WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; IMPLEMENTATION; SCENARIOS AB Decision makers that are responsible for stewardship of natural resources face many challenges, which are complicated by uncertainty about impacts from climate change, expanding human development, and intensifying land uses. A systematic process for evaluating the social and ecological risks, trade-offs, and cobenefits associated with future changes is critical to maximize resilience and conserve ecosystem services. This is particularly true in coastal areas where human populations and landscape conversion are increasing, and where intensifying storms and sea-level rise pose unprecedented threats to coastal ecosystems. We applied collaborative decision analysis with a diverse team of stakeholders who preserve, manage, or restore tidal marshes across the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, USA, as a case study. Specifically, we followed a structured decision-making approach, and we using expert judgment developed alternative management strategies to increase the capacity and adaptability to manage tidal marsh resilience while considering uncertainties through 2050. Because sea-level rise projections are relatively confident to 2050, we focused on uncertainties regarding intensity and frequency of storms and funding. Elicitation methods allowed us to make predictions in the absence of fully compatible models and to assess short- and long-term trade-offs. Specifically we addressed two questions. (1) Can collaborative decision analysis lead to consensus among a diverse set of decision makers responsible for environmental stewardship and faced with uncertainties about climate change, funding, and stakeholder values? (2) What is an optimal strategy for the conservation of tidal marshes, and what strategy is robust to the aforementioned uncertainties? We found that when taking this approach, consensus was reached among the stakeholders about the best management strategies to maintain tidal marsh integrity. A Bayesian decision network revealed that a strategy considering sea-level rise and storms explicitly in wetland restoration planning and designs was optimal, and it was robust to uncertainties about management effectiveness and budgets. We found that strategies that avoided explicitly accounting for future climate change had the lowest expected performance based on input from the team. Our decision-analytic framework is sufficiently general to offer an adaptable template, which can be modified for use in other areas that include a diverse and engaged stakeholder group. C1 [Mattsson, Brady J.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Integrat Biol & Biodivers Res, Vienna, Austria. [Takekawa, John] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA USA. [Cummings, Jonathan] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Crouse, Debby] USFWS, Endangered Species Recovery Program, Washington, DC USA. [Block, Giselle] USFWS, Inventory & Monitoring, Washington, DC USA. [Bloom, Valary] USFWS, Sacramento Field Off, Washington, DC USA. [Gerhart, Matt] State Coastal Conservancy, Oakland, CA USA. [Goldbeck, Steve] Bay Conservat & Dev Commiss, San Francisco, CA USA. [Huning, Beth] San Francisco Bay Joint Venture, Fairfax, CA USA. [Sloop, Christina] Blue Earth Consultants, Oakland, CA USA. [Stewart, Mendel] USFWS, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Washington, DC USA. [Taylor, Karen] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Napa Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area, Eureka, CA USA. RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015; OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538; Cummings, Jonathan/0000-0001-8028-5787 NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 58 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 1 AR 30 DI 10.5751/ES-07018-200130 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG4XW UT WOS:000353293900013 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Bartsch, MR Gutreuter, S Knights, BC Bartsch, LA Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Arts, MT AF Larson, James H. Bartsch, Michelle R. Gutreuter, Steve Knights, Brent C. Bartsch, Lynn A. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jonathan M. Arts, Michael T. TI Differences between main-channel and off-channel food webs in the upper Mississippi River revealed by fatty acid profiles of consumers SO Inland Waters LA English DT Article DE docosahexaenoic acid; DHA; Dorsoma cepedianum; Dreissena polymorpha; eicosapaentanoic acid; EPA; food webs; gizzard shad; Lampsilis cardium; Lepomis macrochirus; plain pocketbook mussel; zebra mussel ID GIZZARD SHAD; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONNECTIVITY; RESTORATION; COMMUNITY; TRACERS; FISHES AB Large river systems are often thought to contain a mosaic of patches with different habitat characteristics driven by differences in flow and mixing environments. Off-channel habitats (e.g., backwater areas, secondary channels) can become semi-isolated from main-channel water inputs, leading to the development of distinct biogeochemical environments. Observations of adult bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in the main channel of the Mississippi River led to speculation that the main channel offered superior food resources relative to off-channel areas. One important aspect of food quality is the quantity and composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We sampled consumers from main-channel and backwater habitats to determine whether they differed in PUFA content. Main-channel individuals for relatively immobile species (young-of-year bluegill, zebra mussels [Dreissena polymorpha], and plain pocketbook mussels [Lampsilis cardium]) had significantly greater PUFA content than off-channel individuals. No difference in PUFA was observed for the more mobile gizzard shad (Dorsoma cepedianum), which may move between main-channel and off-channel habitats even at early life-history stages. As off-channel habitats become isolated from main-channel waters, flow and water column nitrogen decrease, potentially improving conditions for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and vascular plants that, in turn, have low PUFA content. We conclude that main-channel food webs of the upper Mississippi River provide higher quality food resources for some riverine consumers as compared to food webs in off-channel habitats. C1 [Larson, James H.; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Knights, Brent C.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Arts, Michael T.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.5268/IW-5.2.781 PG 6 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CG8US UT WOS:000353590500002 ER PT J AU Sayers, MJ Grimm, AG Shuchman, RA Deines, AM Bunnell, DB Raymer, ZB Rogers, MW Woelmer, W Bennion, DH Brooks, CN Whitley, MA Warner, DM Mychek-Londer, J AF Sayers, Michael J. Grimm, Amanda G. Shuchman, Robert A. Deines, Andrew M. Bunnell, David B. Raymer, Zachary B. Rogers, Mark W. Woelmer, Whitney Bennion, David H. Brooks, Colin N. Whitley, Matthew A. Warner, David M. Mychek-Londer, Justin TI A new method to generate a high-resolution global distribution map of lake chlorophyll SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; OCEAN COLOR ALGORITHMS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; GREAT-LAKES; COASTAL WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MERIS; QUALITY; INLAND; PHYTOPLANKTON AB A new method was developed, evaluated, and applied to generate a global dataset of growing-season chlorophyll-a (chl) concentrations in 2011 for freshwater lakes. Chl observations from freshwater lakes are valuable for estimating lake productivity as well as assessing the role that these lakes play in carbon budgets. The standard 4 km NASA OceanColor L3 chlorophyll concentration products generated from MODIS and MERIS sensor data are not sufficiently representative of global chl values because these can only resolve larger lakes, which generally have lower chl concentrations than lakes of smaller surface area. Our new methodology utilizes the 300 m-resolution MERIS full-resolution full-swath (FRS) global dataset as input and does not rely on the land mask used to generate standard NASA products, which masks many lakes that are otherwise resolvable in MERIS imagery. The new method produced chl concentration values for 78,938 and 1,074 lakes in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The mean chl for lakes visible in the MERIS composite was 19.2 +/- 19.2, the median was 13.3, and the interquartile range was 3.90-28.6 mg m(-3). The accuracy of the MERIS-derived values was assessed by comparison with temporally near-coincident and globally distributed in situ measurements from the literature (n = 185, RMSE = 9.39, R-2 = 0.72). This represents the first global-scale dataset of satellite-derived chl estimates for medium to large lakes. C1 [Sayers, Michael J.; Grimm, Amanda G.; Shuchman, Robert A.; Raymer, Zachary B.; Brooks, Colin N.; Whitley, Matthew A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Rogers, Mark W.; Woelmer, Whitney; Bennion, David H.; Warner, David M.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Deines, Andrew M.] Michigan State Univ, Fish & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mychek-Londer, Justin] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Shuchman, RA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM shuchman@mtu.edu OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU US Geological Survey [G12AC20299] FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey under Grant G12AC20299. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1942 EP 1964 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1029099 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CG8RB UT WOS:000353576900011 ER PT J AU Walsh, SJ Ribeiro, FRV Py-Daniel, LHR AF Walsh, Stephen J. Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Frank Raynner Rapp Py-Daniel, Lucia Helena TI Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazon River; Morphology; Identification key; Systematics; Taxonomy ID THORNY CATFISHES SILURIFORMES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; AMAZON BASIN; GAS BLADDER; DORADIDAE; GENUS; TELEOSTEI; RIVER AB The Neotropical catfish genus Tympanopleura, previously synonymized within Ageneiosus, is revalidated and included species are reviewed. Six species are recognized, two of which are described as new. Tympanopleura is distinguished from Ageneiosus by having an enlarged gas bladder not strongly encapsulated in bone; a prominent pseudotympanum consisting of an area on the side of the body devoid of epaxial musculature where the gas bladder contacts the internal coelomic wall; short, blunt head without greatly elongated jaws; and smaller adult body size. Species of Tympanopleura are distinguished from each other on the basis of unique meristic, morphometric, and pigmentation differences. Ageneiosus melanopogon and Tympanopleura nigricollis are junior synonyms of Tympanopleura atronasus. Tympanopleura alta is a junior synonym of Tympanopleura brevis. A lectotype is designated for T. brevis. Ageneiosus madeirensis is a junior synonym of Tympanopleura rondoni. Tympanopleura atronasus, T. brevis, T. longipinna, and T. rondoni are relatively widespread in the middle and upper Amazon River basin. Tympanopleura cryptica is described from relatively few specimens collected in the upper portion of the Amazon River basin in Peru and the middle portion of that basin in Brazil. Tympanopleura piperata is distributed in the upper and middle Amazon River basin, as well as in the Essequibo River drainage of Guyana. C1 [Walsh, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Frank Raynner] Univ Fed Oeste Para, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol Aguas, BR-68035110 Santarem, PA, Brazil. [Rapp Py-Daniel, Lucia Helena] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69011830 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Walsh, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalsh@usgs.gov; fraynner@hotmail.com; lucia.rapp@gmail.com NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 46 DI 10.1590/1982-0224-20130220 PG 46 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CG9IU UT WOS:000353629200001 ER PT J AU Brown, RJ Daum, DW AF Brown, Randy J. Daum, David W. TI Spawning Distribution of Bering Ciscoes in the Yukon River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS; ALASKA; LAKE; WHITEFISH; TERRITORY; LAURETTAE; HISTORY; FISHES AB Bering Ciscoes Coregonus laurettae are anadromous salmonids with known spawning populations only in the Yukon, Kuskokwim, and Susitna rivers in Alaska. A commercial fishery for the species was recently initiated at the mouth of the Yukon River, inspiring a series of research projects to enhance our understanding of the exploited population. This study was designed to delineate the geographic spawning distribution of Bering Ciscoes in the Yukon River. One hundred radio transmitters per year in 2012 and 2013 were deployed in prespawning Bering Ciscoes at a site located 1,176 km upstream from the sea. A total of 160 fish survived fish wheel capture and tagging, avoided harvest and predation after tagging, and continued migrating upstream to their spawning destinations. Approximately 79% migrated to spawn in the upper Yukon Flats, upstream from the mouth of the Porcupine River, and 21% migrated to spawn in the lower Yukon Flats. Locating the Bering Cisco spawning area, which is almost entirely encompassed by the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, enhances our ability to protect it from anthropogenic disturbance and enables future biological research on the spawning population. C1 [Brown, Randy J.; Daum, David W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Brown, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM randy_j_brown@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Office of Subsistence Management [12-207] FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Office of Subsistence Management, provided funding support for this research through the Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program under agreement 12-207. Many people assisted with the tagging component of the project including USFWS employees J. Stolarski, B. Carter, T. Tanner, O. Schlei, E. Magnuson, and K. Foley; M. Thalhauser of the Kuskokwim Native Association; and E. Conrad and L. Strehlow of the Rapids Research Center. K. Russell (USFWS) facilitated transportation to and from the Yukon River. J. Jenkins (USFWS) created the map. S. Zuray (Rapids Research Center) permitted use of his fish wheel for our capture platform. J. Savereide (ADFG) flew a critical aerial survey during the federal government shutdown in fall 2013. Aerial surveys were flown by pilots A. Greenblatt (Shadow Aviation), N. Guldager (USFWS), and D. Sowards (USFWS). R. Driscoll (ADFG) allowed the use of two remote receiving stations he managed in the drainage. Three anonymous reviewers and C. Grimes (NOAA) provided valuable comments and suggestions for improvement on an initial draft of this manuscript. All of these contributions are greatly appreciated. Finally, the findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.988881 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200006 ER PT J AU Reid, SB Goodman, DH AF Reid, Stewart B. Goodman, Damon H. TI Detectability of Pacific Lamprey Occupancy in Western Drainages: Implications for Distribution Surveys SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; LARVAL; RIVER; PETROMYZONTIDAE; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; HABITAT; ENTOSPHENUS; WASHINGTON; NORTHWEST AB The historical North American range of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus extends from the northern Baja California of Mexico to Alaska and inland in suitable habitat as far as there is access to the sea. The population of Pacific Lamprey has declined recently, yet we know little about its actual distribution, and that distribution is changing as the species declines in abundance. We evaluated detection and occupancy probabilities for Pacific Lamprey over a broad region encompassing a wide range of landscapes and drainage sizes. We analyze 110 sites, each representing individual drainages or major subdrainages from the southern border of British Columbia to San Francisco, including over 1,900 km of coastline and the Columbia River basin. Using lamprey-specific electrofishers in suitable habitat low in a drainage we found detection probability of ammocoetes at single sites in occupied drainages was generally high at >90%. If not initially detected, then two additional sites provided >95% confidence of absence. The four geographic regions (Washington, Oregon coast, Columbia River basin, and northern California coast) had similar detection and occupancy probabilities, making these results broadly applicable and comparable. Results are incorporated into guidance for development of effective surveys over a broad scale and will be crucial to establishing occupancy of Pacific Lamprey for purposes of management, planning and monitoring of its changing distribution. C1 [Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, SB (reprint author), Western Fishes, 2045 East Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM westernfishes@opendoor.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 8; USFWS Region 1; Desert Fishes Council; Western Fishes FX This project was funded in part by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 8. We have also drawn upon the results of previous surveys funded by USFWS Region 1, Desert Fishes Council, and Western Fishes. J. Bettaso, D. Boguski, S. Chase, J. G. Goodman, S. Gunckel, A. P. Kinzinger, and O. P. H. Reid provided field assistance. We especially thank J. Harris (USFWS) for her technical support in the statistical analysis. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the USFWS. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.991448 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200008 ER PT J AU Plumb, JM Moffitt, CM AF Plumb, John M. Moffitt, Christine M. TI Re-Estimating Temperature-Dependent Consumption Parameters in Bioenergetics Models for Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; METABOLIC-RATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE-MICHIGAN; COHO SALMON; BODY-MASS; GROWTH AB Researchers have cautioned against the borrowing of consumption and growth parameters from other species and life stages in bioenergetics growth models. In particular, the function that dictates temperature dependence in maximum consumption (C-max) within the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha produces estimates that are lower than those measured in published laboratory feeding trials. We used published and unpublished data from laboratory feeding trials with subyearling Chinook Salmon from three stocks (Snake, Nechako, and Big Qualicum rivers) to estimate and adjust the model parameters for temperature dependence in C-max. The data included growth measures in fish ranging from 1.5 to 7.2 g that were held at temperatures from 14 degrees C to 26 degrees C. Parameters for temperature dependence in C-max were estimated based on relative differences in food consumption, and bootstrapping techniques were then used to estimate the error about the parameters. We found that at temperatures between 17 degrees C and 25 degrees C, the current parameter values did not match the observed data, indicating that C-max should be shifted by about 4 degrees C relative to the current implementation under the bioenergetics model. We conclude that the adjusted parameters for C-max should produce more accurate predictions from the bioenergetics model for subyearling Chinook Salmon. C1 [Plumb, John M.; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Plumb, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jplumb@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Detailed laboratory data used in these evaluations were part of the master's thesis of J. Yanke; the modeling analyses were part of the doctoral dissertation of J. Plumb at the University of Idaho. Funding for the project was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (D. Docherty, project officer). We thank the following people at the University of Idaho for assistance in laboratory trials: K. Anlauf, M. Colvin, T. Johnson, M. Santora, K. Stout, D. Stumbo, C. Smith, H. Vander Zanden, J. Evavold, B. Sun, and C. Hoffman. We also thank D. A. Beauchamp for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Gratitude is extended to W. P. Connor, K. F. Tiffan, R. W. Perry, and D. W. Rondorf for their suggested improvements. Data from the University of Idaho were collected in accordance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Protocol 2003-09. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.986336 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200009 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Plumb, JM Huntington, CW AF Perry, Russell W. Plumb, John M. Huntington, Charles W. TI Using a Laboratory-Based Growth Model to Estimate Mass- and Temperature-Dependent Growth Parameters across Populations of Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE GROWTH; FRESH-WATER; BROWN TROUT; SALAR; RIVER; SIZE; TRUTTA; FISHES; COHO AB To estimate the parameters that govern mass-and temperature-dependent growth, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing growth data from juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were fed an ad libitum ration of a pelleted diet. Although the growth of juvenile Chinook Salmon has been well studied, research has focused on a single population, a narrow range of fish sizes, or a narrow range of temperatures. Therefore, we incorporated the Ratkowsky model for temperature-dependent growth into an allometric growth model; this model was then fitted to growth data from 11 data sources representing nine populations of juvenile Chinook Salmon. The model fit the growth data well, explaining 98% of the variation in final mass. The estimated allometric mass exponent (b) was 0.338 (SE = 0.025), similar to estimates reported for other salmonids. This estimate of b will be particularly useful for estimating mass-standardized growth rates of juvenile Chinook Salmon. In addition, the lower thermal limit, optimal temperature, and upper thermal limit for growth were estimated to be 1.8 degrees C(SE = 0.63 degrees C), 19.0 degrees C (SE = 0.27 degrees C), and 24.9 degrees C (SE = 0.02 degrees C), respectively. By taking a meta-analytical approach, we were able to provide a growth model that is applicable across populations of juvenile Chinook Salmon receiving an ad libitum ration of a pelleted diet. C1 [Perry, Russell W.; Plumb, John M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Huntington, Charles W.] Clearwater BioStudies Inc, Shady Cove, OR 97539 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We are grateful to J. Yanke and C. Moffitt for providing growth data from their laboratory study. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.996667 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200010 ER PT J AU Pierce, LL Graeb, BDS Willis, DW Sorensen, JS AF Pierce, Landon L. Graeb, Brian D. S. Willis, David W. Sorensen, Jason S. TI Evaluating Effects of Exploitation on Annual Apparent Mortality Rates of Paddlefish Using Mark-Recapture Data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; LOWER TENNESSEE; MISSOURI RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; SOUTH-DAKOTA; FISHERY; LAKE; SENSITIVITY AB Knowledge of the effects of exploitation on population dynamics is critical to effective conservation and management of fish populations. To improve our understanding of the effects of sport fishery exploitation on populations of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula, we tested eight additive and compensatory harvest mortality hypotheses for the Paddlefish population in Lake Francis Case (LFC), South Dakota, with 33 years of tag recovery data using dead recovery models in Program MARK. We evaluated additive and compensatory harvest mortality hypotheses by modeling the effects of sport fishery closures on annual apparent survival and tag recovery rates. Our most-supported hypotheses indicated that exploitation prior to the functional closure of the sport fishery (i.e., when exploitation became negligible) was an additive source of mortality. Annual apparent mortality estimates (i.e., 1 - annual apparent survival) of our most-supported model decreased from 0.237 (SE = 0.036) to 0.110 (SE = 0.063) following the functional closure of the sport fishery and coincided with a decrease in recovery rate from 0.095 (SE = 0.015) to 0.010 (SE = 0.004). These results suggest that relatively unregulated sport fishery exploitation can substantially increase mortality rates of Paddlefish populations. The effects of exploitation on mortality likely differ between populations and temporally within populations due to differences in density-dependent mortality rates. C1 [Pierce, Landon L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. [Graeb, Brian D. S.; Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Sorensen, Jason S.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Chamberlain, SD 57325 USA. RP Pierce, LL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 420 South Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM landon_pierce@fws.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program [F-15-R] FX We thank the biologists whose previous hard work made this study possible. We also thank M. Pegg, A. Carlson, J. Krause, K. Bertrand, N. Troelstrup, and the South Dakota State University Ecology Discussion Group for providing comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program, Project F-15-R, Study 1511, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.991445 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200011 ER PT J AU Barkalow, SLC Bonar, SA AF Barkalow, Stephani L. Clark Bonar, Scott A. TI Effects of Suspended Sediment on Early-Life Stage Survival of Yaqui Chub, an Endangered USA-Mexico Borderlands Cyprinid SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH; GROWTH; SYSTEM; LARVAE; TROUT AB High levels of total suspended sediment (TSS) can have negative consequences on fishes, such as altering food supply, lowering food acquisition, clogging gills, and disrupting reproduction. While effects of TSS on salmonids and estuarine fish are well studied, less is known about possible negative impacts of suspended sediment on desert fishes. Several imperiled desert fishes inhabit streams and springs near the U.S.-Mexico border and are potentially threatened by increased sediment loads from borderlands activity such as livestock grazing, road building, illegal traffic, and law enforcement patrols. One such species is the Yaqui Chub Gila purpurea, a federally listed endangered cyprinid. We exposed Yaqui Chub embryos and fry (mean TL = 12.6 mm; SE = 0.42) to a range of TSS levels commonly found in one of the only streams they inhabit, Black Draw, which crosses the Arizona-Mexico border. We tested effects of 0; 300; 500; 1,000; 5,000; and 10,000 mg/L TSS loads on fry and embryos over a 5-d period in three replicate containers for each treatment. Fifty percent hatch rate (i.e., median lethal concentration, LC50) was 3,977 mg/L for embryos. The LC50 for fry (concentration at which half died) was 8,372 mg/L after 12 h of exposure; however, after 5-d exposure, LC50 leveled at 1,197 mg/L. The TL of fry did not change significantly in any treatment over the 5-d period. Suspended sediment in Black Draw reached concentrations lethal to Yaqui Chub embryo and fry during four floods in 2012. Although some desert fishes have evolved in rivers and streams subject to elevated TSS and are tolerant to high TSS concentrations, other fish species are less tolerant and may be impacted by land practices which increase erosion into stream systems. Management of critically endangered desert fishes should include considerations of the effects of increased suspended sediment. C1 [Barkalow, Stephani L. Clark] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Sci 104, East Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Sci 104, East Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; University of Arizona; University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [12-363] FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and University of Arizona for project funding and support. Particularly, we thank Bill Radke, Chris Lohrengel, and Mary Anderson (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for advice and support with work on the SBNWR; Valer Austin (Cuenca los Ojos Foundation) for research support and allowing us to work on Rancho San Bernardino. We thank Chuck Minckley (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, retired), Nancy Hornewer (USGS), and William Matter, David Quanrud, Shirley Papuga, Norman Mercado Silva, and Zulia Mayar Sanchez-Mejia (University of Arizona) for advice and support on experimental procedures; Adam Barkalow, Ambre Chaudoin, James Cunningham, Olin Feuerbacher, Eric High-field, Sally Petre, Chelsea Powers, and Jack Ruggirello (University of Arizona) for assistance with fieldwork; Katie Hughes, Cindy Cowen, and Lindsey Fera (University of Arizona) for administrative and logistical support. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (12-363). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.987878 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200012 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Letcher, BH Rosner, AL O'Neil, KP Nislow, KH AF Kanno, Yoichiro Letcher, Benjamin H. Rosner, Ana L. O'Neil, Kyle P. Nislow, Keith H. TI Environmental Factors Affecting Brook Trout Occurrence in Headwater Stream Segments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SPECIES RICHNESS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BROWN TROUT; LAND-USE; ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; NETWORK STRUCTURE; CHANNEL NETWORKS; THERMAL HABITAT AB We analyzed the associations of catchment-scale and riparian-scale environmental factors with occurrence of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Connecticut headwater stream segments with catchment areas of <15 km(2). A hierarchical Bayesian approach was applied to a statewide stream survey data set, in which Brook Trout detection probability was incorporated and statistical significance of environmental covariates was based on 95% credible intervals of estimated coefficients that did not overlap a value of zero. Forested land at the catchment scale was the most important covariate affecting Brook Trout occurrence; i.e., heavily forested catchments with corresponding low levels of developed and impervious land area were more likely to be occupied by Brook Trout. Coarse surficial geology (an indicator of groundwater potential) and stream slope had significantly positive effects on occurrence, whereas herbaceous plant cover and wetland and open water area had significantly negative effects. Catchmentscale and riparian-scale covariates were highly correlated in many instances, and no riparian-scale covariate was retained in the final model. Detection probability of Brook Trout at the stream-segment scale was high (mean, 0.85). Our model had a high predictive ability, and the mean value of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was 0.80 across 100 leave-some-out iterations. The fine spatial grain of this study identified patches of suitable stream habitat for Brook Trout in Connecticut, particularly in the northwestern part. Our analysis revealed a more optimistic status of Brook Trout in Connecticut than did a coarser-grained analysis across the USA. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Rosner, Ana L.; O'Neil, Kyle P.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ykanno@clemson.edu RI Rosner, Ana/M-8281-2015 OI Rosner, Ana/0000-0002-9799-3883 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX This research was financially supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We thank Mike Beauchene for sharing stream-fish survey data collected over years by many fisheries biologists at the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. An earlier version of this manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments by Daniel Hocking, Tyler Wagner, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.991446 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200014 ER PT J AU Hostetter, NJ Evans, AF Cramer, BM Collis, K Lyons, DE Roby, DD AF Hostetter, Nathan J. Evans, Allen F. Cramer, Bradley M. Collis, Ken Lyons, Donald E. Roby, Daniel D. TI Quantifying Avian Predation on Fish Populations: Integrating Predator-Specific Deposition Probabilities in Tag Recovery Studies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CODED WIRE TAGS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; RELATIVE VULNERABILITY; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; TRANSPONDER TAGS; CASPIAN TERNS; SNAKE RIVER; CORMORANT AB Accurate assessment of specific mortality factors is vital to prioritize recovery actions for threatened and endangered species. For decades, tag recovery methods have been used to estimate fish mortality due to avian predation. Predation probabilities derived from fish tag recoveries on piscivorous waterbird colonies typically reflect minimum estimates of predation due to an unknown and unaccounted-for fraction of tags that are consumed but not deposited on-colony (i.e., deposition probability). We applied an integrated tag recovery modeling approach in a Bayesian context to estimate predation probabilities that accounted for predator-specific tag detection and deposition probabilities in a multiple-predator system. Studies of PIT tag deposition were conducted across three bird species nesting at seven different colonies in the Columbia River basin, USA. Tag deposition probabilities differed significantly among predator species (Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia: deposition probability = 0.71, 95% credible interval [CRI]=0.51-0.89; double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus: 0.51, 95% CRI = 0.34-0.70; California gulls Larus californicus: 0.15, 95% CRI = 0.11-0.21) but showed little variation across trials within a species or across years. Data from a 6-year study (2008-2013) of PIT-tagged juvenile Snake River steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act) indicated that colony-specific predation probabilities ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.17 and varied by predator species, colony location, and year. Integrating the predator-specific deposition probabilities increased the predation probabilities by a factor of approximately 1.4 for Caspian terns, 2.0 for double-crested cormorants, and 6.7 for California gulls compared with traditional minimum predation rate methods, which do not account for deposition probabilities. Results supported previous findings on the high predation impacts from strictly piscivorous waterbirds nesting in the Columbia River estuary (i.e., terns and cormorants), but our findings also revealed greater impacts of a generalist predator species (i.e., California gulls) than were previously documented. Approaches used in this study allow for direct comparisons among multiple fish mortality factors and considerably improve the reliability of tag recovery models for estimating predation probabilities in multiple-predator systems. C1 [Hostetter, Nathan J.; Evans, Allen F.; Cramer, Bradley M.; Collis, Ken] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Lyons, Donald E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hostetter, NJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nathan@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Walla Walla District; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Portland District FX We thank J. Adkins, T. Lawes, P. Loschl, J. Tennyson, and numerous technicians for their help in the field. We are grateful to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Walla Walla District and Portland District for provided funding to conduct deposition trials. We especially thank D. Trachtenbarg and C. Studebaker for providing logistical support. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, particularly L. Glass, provided access to avian colonies; J. Zamon, R. Ledgerwood, and S. Sebring (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries) provided tag recovery data from East Sand Island. We also thank L. Sullivan (Blue Leaf Environmental, Inc.) and three anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All handling of live fish and birds as part of this study followed protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Oregon State University. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 410 EP 422 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.988882 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200017 ER PT J AU Cavileer, TD Hunter, SS Olsen, J Wenburg, J Nagler, JJ AF Cavileer, Timothy D. Hunter, Samuel S. Olsen, Jeffery Wenburg, John Nagler, James J. TI A Sex-Determining Gene (sdY) Assay Shows Discordance between Phenotypic and Genotypic Sex in Wild Populations of Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-SPECIFIC MARKER; Y-CHROMOSOME; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RAINBOW-TROUT; COLUMBIA-RIVER; DNA MARKERS; FISH; TEMPERATURE; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCE AB Sex is determined genetically in most fishes, but the gene responsible for sex determination is not known for the vast majority of fish species, including Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The purpose of this study was to characterize a putative sex-determining gene ("sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome" [sdY] gene) in Chinook Salmon and develop a method to test genomic DNA (gDNA) samples for genetic sex assignment. Using next-generation sequencing and salmonid DNA sequence data from GenBank, the entire genomic organization of Chinook Salmon sdY was described. The corresponding full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence generated from total RNA was determined by using a combination of genomic-based primers and "rapid amplification of cDNA ends" (RACE) PCR assays. A phylogenic analysis was conducted by comparing the Chinook Salmon sdY cDNA sequence with sdY sequences (GenBank) from 10 other teleost species. A multisequence alignment was performed, and a phylogenetic tree was inferred from the alignment, providing evidence for sdY identity. Based upon a TaqMan real-time PCR assay, a genetic test for male sex using sdY was developed and tested on gDNA isolated from phenotypic female and male Chinook Salmon representing populations in Alaska, Idaho, and Washington. The results provide compelling evidence that sdY is the sex-determining gene in Chinook Salmon. We developed a reliable assay for sdY that can be used for genetic sex assignment in this species. However, discordance between phenotype and genotype was noted in 13 of 107 phenotypic female Chinook Salmon from Alaska and Washington. Several explanations for this discordance are discussed. C1 [Cavileer, Timothy D.; Nagler, James J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Cavileer, Timothy D.; Nagler, James J.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hunter, Samuel S.] Univ Idaho, Inst Bioinformat & Evolutionary Studies, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Olsen, Jeffery; Wenburg, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Conservat Genet Lab 7, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nagler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 3051, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jamesn@uidaho.edu FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund [45731] FX The Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (Project Number 45731) provided partial financial support for this study. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.993479 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200018 ER PT J AU Alder, JR Hostetler, SW AF Alder, J. R. Hostetler, S. W. TI Global climate simulations at 3000-year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere-ocean model SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PMIP; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; TRANSFER SCHEME LSX; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; AFRICAN MONSOON; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB We apply GENMOM, a coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model, to simulate eight equilibrium time slices at 3000-year intervals for the past 21 000 years forced by changes in Earth-Sun geometry, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), continental ice sheets, and sea level. Simulated global cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is 3.8 A degrees C and the rate of post-glacial warming is in overall agreement with recently published temperature reconstructions. The greatest rate of warming occurs between 15 and 12 ka (2.4 A degrees C over land, 0.7 A degrees C over oceans, and 1.4 A degrees C globally) in response to changes in radiative forcing from the diminished extent of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets and increases in GHGs and NH summer insolation. The modeled LGM and 6 ka temperature and precipitation climatologies are generally consistent with proxy reconstructions, the PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations, and other paleoclimate data-model analyses. The model does not capture the mid-Holocene 'thermal maximum' and gradual cooling to preindustrial (PI) global temperature found in the data. Simulated monsoonal precipitation in North Africa peaks between 12 and 9 ka at values similar to 50% greater than those of the PI, and Indian monsoonal precipitation peaks at 12 and 9 ka at values similar to 45% greater than the PI. GENMOM captures the reconstructed LGM extent of NH and Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea ice. The simulated present-day Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC) is similar to 48% weaker than the observed (62 versus 119 Sv). The simulated present-day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of 19.3 +/- 1.4 Sv on the Bermuda Rise (33 degrees N) is comparable with observed value of 18.7 +/- 4.8 Sv. AMOC at 33 degrees N is reduced by similar to 15% during the LGM, and the largest post-glacial increase (similar to 11%) occurs during the 15 ka time slice. C1 [Alder, J. R.; Hostetler, S. W.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alder, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jalder@usgs.gov OI Alder, Jay/0000-0003-2378-2853 NR 116 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 449 EP 471 DI 10.5194/cp-11-449-2015 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9JJ UT WOS:000352159900006 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, DL Grove, M Morton, DM AF Kimbrough, David L. Grove, Marty Morton, Douglas M. TI Timing and significance of gabbro emplacement within two distinct plutonic domains of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern and Baja California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; LOS CABOS BLOCK; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; COASTAL BATHOLITH; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; MAFIC PLUTONS; ARC MAGMATISM AB Evaluating the crucial role postulated for mantle-derived mafic magmas in the formation of silicic batholiths requires well-determined igneous crystallization ages from mafic rocks as well as petrologic data reflecting possible mantle source heterogeneities and/or variations in subcrustal processes. The abundant mafic plutons that crop out within the mid-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB, southern and Baja California) provide an important opportunity to investigate the relationship of mafic and silicic magmatism in Cordilleran batholiths. Zircon U-Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ages are reported for 24 samples of PRB gabbro collected throughout its 1400-km-long extent. The samples span the entire compositional spectrum of PRB gabbro from cumulate olivine gabbro with <10 ppm whole rock Zr content, to gabbronorite, to more fractionated hornblende gabbro. Eighteen of the samples are from the western zone "gabbro belt" of the batholith including the type locality for San Marcos Gabbro, while six are from the eastern zone where gabbro is rare, composing <1% of the outcrop area. The morphology of zircon in PRB gabbro ranges from anhedral fragments to euhedral grains, and this zircon has distinctly lower uranium concentrations and higher Th/U ratios than zircon from PRB granitoids. Most samples exhibit simple U-Pb systematics, but several contain inherited or entrained zircons, and two eastern gabbro samples contain distinctly bimodal age populations. Weighted mean Pb-206/U-238 zircon ages are interpreted as crystallization ages and range from 130.5 +/- 1.5 Ma to 100.2 +/- 3.0 Ma for western zone samples. The ages demonstrate that gabbros were emplaced throughout the similar to 30 m.y. interval during which the bulk of the western zone was constructed, and conflict with the earlier interpretation of western gabbros as mafic forerunners that preceded emplacement of granitoid plutons. Eastern zone gabbros, in contrast, yield U-Pb ages that range mostly from 109.4 +/- 2.9 Ma to 97.8 +/- 2.3 Ma, narrowly predating the ca. 92-98 Ma eastern zone tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite batholith flareup, and thus may have played a role in crustal thickening and triggering of the flareup. Despite their partially cumulate character, whole rock major and trace element compositions of PRB gabbro closely match high-alumina olivine tholeiite and arc basalt and basaltic andesite from modern arcs. Gabbros from the west and east sides of the batholith, transverse to regional strike, have similar nearly flat rare earth element patterns that reflect derivation from a common partially contaminated depleted mantle source. The apparent across-strike petrologic uniformity of the gabbros contrasts strongly with PRB granitoids, which are well known for across-strike asymmetries in trace elements, initial Sr-87/Sr-86, and delta O-18, reflecting progressively deeper partial melting of mafic source rocks from west to east with additional input from a high-O-18, high-Sr-87 end member on the east side of the batholith. The western PRB gabbros represent a plausible deep crustal source composition for derivation of western granitoids by partial melting or fractional crystallization. For the eastern batholith, the mafic source region requires modification by input of accretionary complex supracrustal rocks delivered via forearc subduction erosion underthrusting. C1 [Kimbrough, David L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Grove, Marty] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kimbrough, DL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM dkimbrough@geology.sdsu.edu FU National Science Foundation; Department of Geological Sciences at SDSU; Instrumentation and Facilities Program within the Division of Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation FX We thank Vic Camp, Drew Coleman, Suzanne Kay, Calvin Miller, and Rose Turnbull for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Many aspects of this paper benefitted from discussions with J.R. Morgan, Vicky Todd, Andy Tulloch, and Mike Walawender. The senior author is particularly grateful to Gordon Gastil and Lee Silver for discussion and encouragement in the earliest phases of this work. Joan Kimbrough provided invaluable assistance with mineral separations and X-ray fluorescence analyses at San Diego State University (SDSU). J.R. Morgan provided field assistance and help with sample preparation. Tony Carrasco helped with figures. The National Science Foundation and the Department of Geological Sciences at SDSU provided financial support. The LaserChron Center at University of Arizona is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program within the Division of Earth Sciences at the National Science Foundation. NR 112 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1130/B30914.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0DF UT WOS:000352212200002 ER PT J AU Horton, F Lee, J Hacker, B Bowman-Kamaha'o, M Cosca, M AF Horton, Forrest Lee, Jeffrey Hacker, Bradley Bowman-Kamaha'o, Meilani Cosca, Michael TI Himalayan gneiss dome formation in the middle crust and exhumation by normal faulting: New geochronology of Gianbul dome, northwestern India SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ZANSKAR SHEAR ZONE; MAIN CENTRAL THRUST; CHANNEL FLOW MODELS; U-PB ZIRCON; SOUTHERN TIBET; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; WESTERN HIMALAYA; NW INDIA; STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY; KANGMAR DOME AB A general lack of consensus about the origin of Himalayan gneiss domes hinders accurate thermomechanical modeling of the orogen. To test whether doming resulted from tectonic contraction (e.g., thrust duplex formation, antiformal bending above a thrust ramp, etc.), channel flow, or via the buoyant rise of anatectic melts, this study investigates the depth and timing of doming processes for Gianbul dome in the western Himalaya. The dome is composed of Greater Himalayan Sequence migmatite, Paleozoic orthogneiss, and metasedimentary rock cut by multiple generations of leucogranite dikes. These rocks record a major penetrative D2 deformational event characterized by a domed foliation and associated NE-SW-trending stretching lineation, and they are flanked by the top-down-to-the-SW (normal-sense) Khanjar shear zone and the top-down-to-the-NE (normal sense) Zanskar shear zone (the western equivalent of the South Tibetan detachment system). Monazite U/Th-Pb geochronology records (1) Paleozoic emplacement of the Kade orthogneiss and associated granite dikes; (2) prograde Barrovian metamorphism from 37 to 33 Ma; (3) doming driven by upper-crustal extension and positive buoyancy of decompression melts between 26 and 22 Ma; and (4) the injection of anatectic melts into the upper levels of the dome-neutralizing the effects of melt buoyancy and potentially adding strength to the host rock-by ca. 22.6 Ma on the southwestern flank and ca. 21 Ma on the northeastern flank. As shown by a northeastward decrease in Ar-40/Ar-39 muscovite dates from 22.4 to 20.2 Ma, ductile normal-sense displacement within the Zanskar shear zone ended by ca. 22 Ma, after which the Gianbul dome was exhumed as part of a rigid footwall block below the brittle Zanskar normal fault, tilting an estimated 5 degrees-10 degrees SW into its present orientation. C1 [Horton, Forrest; Hacker, Bradley] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lee, Jeffrey; Bowman-Kamaha'o, Meilani] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Horton, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM forrest.horton@gmail.com RI Hacker, Bradley/E-7750-2011 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0838146, EAR-0838264]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX The outstanding logistical planning provided by A. Bajaj and P. Chamoli and field assistance by R. Rana, T. Dorja, and M. Sing contributed to a successful field season. We thank An Yin and Rebecca Jamieson for thorough and constructive reviews, and Associate Editor Peter Cawood for his comments. Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation grants awarded to J. Lee (EAR-0838146) and to B. Hacker (EAR-0838264), and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to F. Horton. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 180 DI 10.1130/B31005.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0DF UT WOS:000352212200010 ER PT J AU Graehl, NA Kelsey, HM Witter, RC Hemphill-Haley, E Engelhart, SE AF Graehl, Nicholas A. Kelsey, Harvey M. Witter, Robert C. Hemphill-Haley, Eileen Engelhart, Simon E. TI Stratigraphic and microfossil evidence for a 4500-year history of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis at Yaquina River estuary, Oregon, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN COASTAL OREGON; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; TIDAL MARSH STRATIGRAPHY; PAST 2000 YEARS; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; WASHINGTON; BAY; FORAMINIFERA; SEDIMENT AB The Sallys Bend swamp and marsh area on the central Oregon coast onshore of the Cascadia subduction zone contains a sequence of buried coastal wetland soils that extends back similar to 4500 yr B.P. The upper 10 of the 12 soils are represented in multiple cores. Each soil is abruptly overlain by a sandy deposit and then, in most cases, by greater than 10 cm of mud. For eight of the 10 buried soils, times of soil burial are constrained through radiocarbon ages on fine, delicate detritus from the top of the buried soil; for two of the buried soils, diatom and foraminifera data constrain paleoenvironment at the time of soil burial. We infer that each buried soil represents a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake because the soils are laterally extensive and abruptly overlain by sandy deposits and mud. Preservation of coseismically buried soils occurred from 4500 yr ago until similar to 500-600 yr ago, after which preservation was compromised by cessation of gradual relative sea-level rise, which in turn precluded drowning of marsh soils during instances of coseismic subsidence. Based on grain-size and microfossil data, sandy deposits overlying buried soils accumulated immediately after a subduction zone earthquake, during tsunami incursion into Sallys Bend. The possibility that the sandy deposits were sourced directly from landslides triggered upstream in the Yaquina River basin by seismic shaking was discounted based on sedimentologic, microfossil, and depositional site characteristics of the sandy deposits, which were inconsistent with a fluvial origin. Biostratigraphic analyses of sediment above two buried soils-in the case of two earthquakes, one occurring shortly after 1541-1708 cal. yr B.P. and the other occurring shortly after 3227-3444 cal. yr B. P.-provide estimates that coseismic subsidence was a minimum of 0.4 m. The average recurrence interval of subduction zone earthquakes is 420-580 yr, based on an similar to 3750-4050-yr-long record and seven to nine interearthquake intervals. The comparison of the Yaquina Bay earthquake record to similar records at other Cascadia coastal sites helps to define potential patterns of rupture for different earthquakes, although inherent uncertainty in dating precludes definitive statements about rupture length during earthquakes. We infer that in the first half of the last millennia, the northern Oregon part of the subduction zone had a different rupture history than the southern Oregon part of the subduction zone, and we also infer that at ca. 1.6 ka, two earthquakes closely spaced in time together ruptured a length of the megathrust that extends at least from southwestern Washington to southern Oregon. C1 [Graehl, Nicholas A.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey M.; Hemphill-Haley, Eileen] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95524 USA. [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Graehl, NA (reprint author), Lettis Consultants Int Inc, 4155 Darley Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hmk1@humboldt.edu OI Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU Geological Society of America graduate student research grant; National Science Foundation [EAR-0842728]; Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) FX Graehl received funding from a Geological Society of America graduate student research grant. Engelhart's participation was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0842728. The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) provided field equipment and funded the radiocarbon analyses. Jonathan Allan and Laura Stimely of the DOGAMI, Newport, Oregon, office provided scientific and logistical support and field assistance. George Priest, also of DOGAMI, provided insight to previous work and to the 1914 U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey maps within the field area. Others who provided field assistance include Morgan Annable, Jody Stecher, Kyle French, and Heath Sawyer. Land access was provided by Cheryl Brown, Christopher Janousek, Jeff Ingram, Esther Lev, Laura Brophy, Matt Gehrenbacher, Don and Peggy Johnston, Pat at Mill Creek, the port of Toledo, and the city of Toledo. We are particularly grateful for land access to Sallys Bend provided by Mark and Joyce Lawrence. Jessica Pilarczyk constructed the grain-size differential volume plot in Figure 7 and assisted in identification of the abraded calcareous foraminifer. We thank Science Editor Hope Jahren for overseeing science review. Reviews by Brian Sherrod, Brian Atwater, Chris Goldfinger, and Associate Editor An Yin substantially improved the manuscript. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1130/B31074.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0DF UT WOS:000352212200013 ER PT J AU Gallen, SF Clark, MK Godt, JW AF Gallen, Sean F. Clark, Mann K. Godt, Jonathan W. TI Coseismic landslides reveal near-surface rock strength in a high-relief, tectonically active setting SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EROSION AB We present quantitative estimates of near-surface rock strength relevant to landscape evolution and landslide hazard assessment for 15 geologic map units of the Longmen Shan, China. Strength estimates are derived from a novel method that inverts earthquake peak ground acceleration models and coseismic landslide inventories to obtain material properties and landslide thickness. Aggregate rock strength is determined by prescribing a friction angle of 30 degrees and solving for effective cohesion. Effective cohesion ranges are from 70 kPa to 107 kPa for 15 geologic map units, and are approximately an order of magnitude less than typical laboratory measurements, probably because laboratory tests on hand-sized specimens do not incorporate the effects of heterogeneity and fracturing that likely control near-surface strength at the hillslope scale. We find that strength among the geologic map units studied varies by less than a factor of two. However, increased weakening of units with proximity to the range front, where precipitation and active fault density are the greatest, suggests that climatic and tectonic factors overwhelm lithologic differences in rock strength in this high-relief tectonically active setting. C1 [Gallen, Sean F.; Clark, Mann K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, Nat Hazards Miss Area, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gallen, SF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU University of Michigan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Turner Postdoctoral Fellowship; University of Colorado FX This work is supported by the University of Michigan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Turner Postdoctoral Fellowship to Gallen; a visiting faculty CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) fellowship from the University of Colorado to Clark; and in part through computational resources and services provided by Advanced Research Computing at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. We thank F.C. Dai for providing access to the landslide inventory used in this study, and Isaac Larsen, Randall Jibson, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1130/G36080.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CE7KO UT WOS:000352018600005 ER PT J AU Long, AJ AF Long, A. J. TI RRAWFLOW: Rainfall-Response Aquifer and Watershed Flow Model (v1.15) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS; KARST AQUIFERS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; KERNEL FUNCTIONS; TIME; COMPLEXITY; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; TRANSPORT; RECHARGE AB The Rainfall-Response Aquifer and Watershed Flow Model (RRAWFLOW) is a lumped-parameter model that simulates streamflow, spring flow, groundwater level, or solute transport for a measurement point in response to a system input of precipitation, recharge, or solute injection. I introduce the first version of RRAWFLOW available for download and public use and describe additional options. The open-source code is written in the R language and is available at < a href='http://sd.water.usgs.gov/projects/RRAWFLOW/RRAWFLOW.html'target='_blank'> http://sd.water.usgs.gov/projects/RRAWFLOW/RRAWFLOW.html along with an example model of streamflow. RRAWFLOW includes a time-series process to estimate recharge from precipitation and simulates the response to recharge by convolution, i.e., the unit-hydrograph approach. Gamma functions are used for estimation of parametric impulse-response functions (IRFs); a combination of two gamma functions results in a double-peaked IRF. A spline fit to a set of control points is introduced as a new method for estimation of nonparametric IRFs. Several options are included to simulate time-variant systems. For many applications, lumped models simulate the system response with equal accuracy to that of distributed models, but moreover, the ease of model construction and calibration of lumped models makes them a good choice for many applications (e.g., estimating missing periods in a hydrologic record). RRAWFLOW provides professional hydrologists and students with an accessible and versatile tool for lumped-parameter modeling. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 FU Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center FX This study was supported by the Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center. I thank Jeff Raffensperger and Janet Carter of the US Geological Survey (USGS) for their constructive review comments in an early draft of this manuscript as well as the reviewers selected by Geoscientific Model Development. Although the R language has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the US government as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material, nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 865 EP 880 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-865-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE9JM UT WOS:000352160200022 ER PT J AU Arismendi, I Johnson, SL Dunham, JB AF Arismendi, I. Johnson, S. L. Dunham, J. B. TI Technical Note: Higher-order statistical moments and a procedure that detects potentially anomalous years as two alternative methods describing alterations in continuous environmental data SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE EXPERIMENTS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; THERMAL REGIMES; EXTREMES; OREGON AB Statistics of central tendency and dispersion may not capture relevant or desired characteristics of the distribution of continuous phenomena and, thus, they may not adequately describe temporal patterns of change. Here, we present two methodological approaches that can help to identify temporal changes in environmental regimes. First, we use higher-order statistical moments (skewness and kurtosis) to examine potential changes of empirical distributions at decadal extents. Second, we adapt a statistical procedure combining a non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and higher density region plots to detect potentially anomalous years. We illustrate the use of these approaches by examining long-term stream temperature data from minimally and highly human-influenced streams. In particular, we contrast predictions about thermal regime responses to changing climates and human-related water uses. Using these methods, we effectively diagnose years with unusual thermal variability and patterns in variability through time, as well as spatial variability linked to regional and local factors that influence stream temperature. Our findings highlight the complexity of responses of thermal regimes of streams and reveal their differential vulnerability to climate warming and human-related water uses. The two approaches presented here can be applied with a variety of other continuous phenomena to address historical changes, extreme events, and their associated ecological responses. C1 [Arismendi, I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, S. L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Arismendi, I (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ivan.arismendi@oregonstate.edu RI Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010 OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350 FU National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program [DEB 08-23380]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University; US Geological Survey; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University through joint venture [10-JV-11261991-055] FX Brooke Penaluna and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. Vicente Monleon revised statistical concepts. Part of the data was provided by the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. Financial support for I. Arismendi was provided by US Geological Survey, the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University through joint venture agreement 10-JV-11261991-055. Use of firm or trade names is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1169 EP 1180 DI 10.5194/hess-19-1169-2015 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CE9JQ UT WOS:000352160600004 ER PT J AU Holeck, KT Rudstam, LG Watkins, JM Luckey, FJ Lantry, JR Lantry, BF Trometer, ES Koops, MA Johnson, TB AF Holeck, K. T. Rudstam, L. G. Watkins, J. M. Luckey, F. J. Lantry, J. R. Lantry, B. F. Trometer, E. S. Koops, M. A. Johnson, T. B. TI Lake Ontario water quality during the 2003 and 2008 intensive field years and comparison with long-term trends SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE oligotrophication; phosphorus; silica; chlorophyll a; Secchi disc transparency; trophic state ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; TROPHIC STATE; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; NEARSHORE; EUTROPHICATION; ENRICHMENT AB Phosphorus loading declined between the 1970s and the 1990s, leading to oligotrophication of the offshore waters of Lake Ontario during that time period. Using lake-wide data from the intensive field years of 2003 and 2008 and from available long-term data sets on several trophic state indicators (total phosphorus [TP], soluble reactive silica [SRSi], chlorophyll a and Secchi disc transparency [SDT]), we tested the hypothesis that oligotrophication of the offshore waters of Lake Ontario has continued in the 2000s. Significant differences between 2003 and 2008 include higher spring (April) TP, SRSi, and SDT in 2008, lower summer (July-August) SDT in 2008, higher summer chlorophyll a in 2008, and lower fall (September) TP, SRSi, and chlorophyll a in 2008. The decline in SRSi from spring to summer was greater in 2008 than in 2003. Change point and regression analyses on the long-term data revealed no trend in spring TP since 1996, in summer chlorophyll a since 1994, in spring SDT since 1998, in spring SRSi or SRSi decline from spring to summer since 1999, or in summer SDT since 2001. Neither the comparison of the 2003 and 2008 surveys nor the analysis of the long-term data supported our hypothesis of continued oligotrophication of the offshore of Lake Ontario in the 2000s. C1 [Holeck, K. T.; Rudstam, L. G.; Watkins, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Luckey, F. J.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Lantry, J. R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Ontario Fisheries Res Unit, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [Lantry, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Trometer, E. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Off, Basom, NY 14013 USA. [Koops, M. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Johnson, T. B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Holeck, KT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM kth1@cornell.edu RI Koops, Marten/A-4534-2010 OI Koops, Marten/0000-0002-3676-7946 FU EPA [97220700-0]; International Joint Commission FX This work was funded by EPA Grant 97220700-0 to Cornell University as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and a grant from the International Joint Commission. Further support is provided by the agencies collaborating in the lower trophic level assessments of Lake Ontario (EPA GNLPO and Region 2, NYSDEC, USGS, USFWS, DFO, EC, OMNR). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1080/14634988.2015.1000787 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400003 ER PT J AU Watkins, JM Weidel, BC Rudstam, LG Holeckl, KT AF Watkins, J. M. Weidel, B. C. Rudstam, L. G. Holeckl, K. T. TI Spatial extent and dissipation of the deep chlorophyll layer in Lake Ontario during the Lake Ontario lower foodweb assessment, 2003 and 2008 SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; fluorometer; chlorophyll a ID MICHIGAN PHYTOPLANKTON; WATER CLARITY; GREAT-LAKES; DYNAMICS; MAXIMUM; ZOOPLANKTON; SUPERIOR AB Increasing water clarity in Lake Ontario has led to a vertical redistribution of phytoplankton and an increased importance of the deep chlorophyll layer in overall primary productivity. We used in situ fluorometer profiles collected in lakewide surveys of Lake Ontario in 2008 to assess the spatial extent and intensity of the deep chlorophyll layer. In situ fluorometer data were corrected with extracted chlorophyll data using paired samples from Lake Ontario collected in August 2008. The deep chlorophyll layer was present offshore during the stratified conditions of late July 2008 with maximum values from 4-13 mu g l(-1) corrected chlorophyll a at 10 to 17 m depth within the metalimnion. Deep chlorophyll layer was closely associated with the base of the thermocline and a subsurface maximum of dissolved oxygen, indicating the feature's importance as a growth and productivity maximum. Crucial to the deep chlorophyll layer formation, the photic zone extended deeper than the surface mixed layer in mid-summer. The layer extended through most of the offshore in July 2008, but was not present in the easternmost transect that had a deeper surface mixed layer. By early September 2008, the lakewide deep chlorophyll layer had dissipated. A similar formation and dissipation was observed in the lakewide survey of Lake Ontario in 2003. C1 [Watkins, J. M.; Rudstam, L. G.; Holeckl, K. T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Weidel, B. C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Watkins, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM jmw237@cornell.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency within the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [97220700-0]; International Joint Commission FX This study was supported by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency within the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Improving Lake Ontario Environmental Management Decisions, Grant ID # 97220700-0). Additional support was obtained from the International Joint Commission and collaborating agencies. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution #296 of the Cornell Biological Field Station and #1857 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1080/14634988.2014.937316 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400004 ER PT J AU Carlson, CM Schneider, JR Pedersen, JA Heisey, DM Johnson, CJ AF Carlson, Christina M. Schneider, Jay R. Pedersen, Joel A. Heisey, Dennis M. Johnson, Christopher J. TI Experimental infection of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) with sheep scrapie SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN IN-VITRO; CHINESE-HAMSTERS; PRION DISEASES; STRAINS; AGENT; HOST; VIVO AB Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) are permissive to chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection, but their susceptibility to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) is poorly characterized. In this initial study, we intracerebrally challenged 6 meadow voles with 2 isolates of sheep scrapie. Three meadow voles acquired a TSE after the scrapie challenge and an extended incubation period. The glycoform profile of proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in scrapie-sick voles remained similar to the sheep inocula, but differed from that of voles clinically affected by CWD. Vacuolization patterns and disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) deposition were generally similar in all scrapie-affected voles, except in the hippocampus, where PrPSc staining varied markedly among the animals. Our results demonstrate that meadow voles can acquire a TSE after intracerebral scrapie challenge and that this species could therefore prove useful for characterizing scrapie isolates. C1 [Carlson, Christina M.; Schneider, Jay R.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Carlson, Christina M.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov RI Carlson, Christina/D-8327-2013; Carlson, Christina/P-6507-2015; Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273; Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273; Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU USGS Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program FX This work was funded by USGS Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program. The funding organization did not influence study design, collection and analysis of data, or the decision to publish. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Christina Carlson performed this work with the USGS while serving as a graduate student with the University of Wisconsin. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CE6NB UT WOS:000351952900011 PM 25673912 ER PT J AU Boyte, SP Wylie, BK Major, DJ AF Boyte, Stephen P. Wylie, Bruce K. Major, Donald J. TI Mapping and Monitoring Cheatgrass Dieoff in Rangelands of the Northern Great Basin, USA SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; ecological models; invasive species; land cover change; MODIS; Snake River Plain ID PATHOGEN PYRENOPHORA-SEMENIPERDA; ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; FIRE; REGRESSION; PHENOLOGY; DYNAMICS; INVASION AB Understanding cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) dynamics in the Northern Great Basin rangelands, USA, is necessary to effectively manage the region's lands. This study's goal was to map and monitor cheatgrass performance to identify where and when cheatgrass dieoff occurred in the Northern Great Basin and to discover how this phenomenon was affected by climatic, topographic, and edaphic variables. We also examined how fire affected cheatgrass performance. Land managers and scientists are concerned by cheatgrass dieoff because it can increase land degradation, and its causes and effects are not fully known. To better understand the scope of cheatgrass dieoff, we developed multiple ecological models that integrated remote sensing data with geophysical and biophysical data. Themodels' R-2 ranged from 0.71 to 0.88, and their root mean squared errors (RMSEs) ranged from 3.07 to 6.95. Validation of dieoff data showed that 41% of pixels within independently developed dieoff polygons were accurately classified as dieoff, whereas 2% of pixels outside of dieoff polygons were classified as dieoff. Site potential, a long-term spatial average of cheatgrass cover, dominated the development of the cheatgrass performance model. Fire negatively affected cheatgrass performance 1 year postfire, but by the second year postfire performance exceeded prefire levels. The landscape-scale monitoring study presented in this paper helps increase knowledge about recent rangeland dynamics, including where cheatgrass dieoffs occurred and how cheatgrass responded to fire. This knowledge can help direct further investigation and/or guide land management activities that can capitalize on, or mitigate the effects of, cheatgrass dieoff. (C) 2015 Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boyte, Stephen P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boyte, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Major, Donald J.] Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Boyte, SP (reprint author), SGT Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sboyte@usgs.gov OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225 FU Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; USGS [G10PC00044]; USGS Land Remote Sensing, USGS Land Change Science, Bureau of Land Management FX Research was funded by USGS Land Remote Sensing, USGS Land Change Science, Bureau of Land Management, and The Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center.; Work performed under USGS contract G10PC00044 (Boyte). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 68 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2014.12.005 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE6MA UT WOS:000351949300002 ER PT J AU Bazilevskaya, E Rother, G Mildner, DFR Pavich, M Cole, D Bhatt, MP Jin, LX Steefel, CI Brantley, SL AF Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina Rother, Gernot Mildner, David F. R. Pavich, Milan Cole, David Bhatt, Maya P. Jin, Lixin Steefel, Carl I. Brantley, Susan L. TI How Oxidation and Dissolution in Diabase and Granite Control Porosity during Weathering SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VIRGINIA PIEDMONT; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; SAPONITE SERIES; PUERTO-RICO; ROCKS; REPLACEMENT; EVOLUTION; REGOLITH AB Weathering extends to shallower depths on diabase than granite ridgetops despite similar climate and geomorphological regimes of denudation in the Virginia (United States) Piedmont. Deeper weathering has been attributed to advective transport of solutes in granitic rock compared to diffusive transport in diabase. We use neutron scattering (NS) techniques to quantify the total and connected submillimeter porosity (nominal diameters between 1 nm and 10 mm) and specific surface area (SSA) during weathering. The internal surface of each unweathered rock is characterized as both a mass fractal and a surface fractal. The mass fractal describes the distribution of pores (similar to 300 nm to similar to 5 mu m) along grain boundaries and triple junctions. The surface fractal is interpreted as the distribution of smaller features (1-300 nm), that is, the bumps (or irregularities) at the grain-pore interface. The earliest porosity development in the granite is driven by microfracturing of biotite, which leads to the introduction of fluids that initiate dissolution of other silicates. Once plagioclase weathering begins, porosity increases significantly and the mass + surface fractal typical for unweathered granite transforms to a surface fractal as infiltration of fluids continues. In contrast, the mass + surface fractal does not transform to a surface fractal during weathering of the diabase, perhaps consistent with the interpretation that solute transport is dominated by diffusion in that rock. The difference in regolith thickness between granite and diabase is likely due to the different mechanisms of solute transport across the primary silicate reaction front. C1 [Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rother, Gernot] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Geochem & Interfacial Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pavich, Milan] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cole, David] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43219 USA. [Bhatt, Maya P.] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dep Environm Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Jin, Lixin] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Steefel, Carl I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bazilevskaya, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM eab204@psu.edu RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 FU DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center, "Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2"; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This project was funded by DOE Grant DE-FG02-05ER15675. The research of GR was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. DRC was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center, "Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2" led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We specifically acknowledge Duluth Parkinson for the help with tomography imaging at beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The small-angle neutron scattering at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. Transmission electron microscopy and SEM work was done at Materials Research Institute, Penn State. The identification of commercial instruments in this paper does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment used are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 55 EP 73 DI 10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0135 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CE2JB UT WOS:000351640800007 ER PT J AU Buss, DF Carlisle, DM Chon, TS Culp, J Harding, JS Keizer-Vlek, HE Robinson, WA Strachan, S Thirion, C Hughes, RM AF Buss, Daniel F. Carlisle, Daren M. Chon, Tae-Soo Culp, Joseph Harding, Jon S. Keizer-Vlek, Hanneke E. Robinson, Wayne A. Strachan, Stephanie Thirion, Christa Hughes, Robert M. TI Stream biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates around the globe: a comparison of large-scale programs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring protocols; Standardization; Biological assessment; Subsampling taxonomic resolution; River management ID RAPID BIOASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS; RUNNING-WATER SITES; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; FRASER-RIVER CATCHMENT; DE-JANEIRO STATE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; MULTIMETRIC INDEX AB Water quality agencies and scientists are increasingly adopting standardized sampling methodologies because of the challenges associated with interpreting data derived from dissimilar protocols. Here, we compare 13 protocols for monitoring streams from different regions and countries around the globe. Despite the spatially diverse range of countries assessed, many aspects of bioassessment structure and protocols were similar, thereby providing evidence of key characteristics that might be incorporated in a global sampling methodology. Similarities were found regarding sampler type, mesh size, sampling period, subsampling methods, and taxonomic resolution. Consistent field and laboratory methods are essential for merging data sets collected by multiple institutions to enable large-scale comparisons. We discuss the similarities and differences among protocols and present current trends and future recommendations for monitoring programs, especially for regions where large-scale protocols do not yet exist. We summarize the current state in one of these regions, Latin America, and comment on the possible development path for these techniques in this region. We conclude that several aspects of stream biomonitoring need additional performance evaluation (accuracy, precision, discriminatory power, relative costs), particularly when comparing targeted habitat (only the commonest habitat type) versus site-wide sampling (multiple habitat types), appropriate levels of sampling and processing effort, and standardized indicators to resolve dissimilarities among biomonitoring methods. Global issues such as climate change are creating an environment where there is an increasing need to have universally consistent data collection, processing and storage to enable large-scale trend analysis. Biomonitoring programs following standardized methods could aid international data sharing and interpretation. C1 [Buss, Daniel F.] Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Avaliacao & Promocao Saude Ambiental, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Chon, Tae-Soo] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Culp, Joseph] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Environm Canada & Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Harding, Jon S.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Keizer-Vlek, Hanneke E.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Freshwater Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Robinson, Wayne A.] Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Thurgoona, Australia. [Strachan, Stephanie] Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Thirion, Christa] Dept Water & Sanitat, Resource Qual Informat Serv, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Buss, DF (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Avaliacao & Promocao Saude Ambiental, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM dbuss@ioc.fiocruz.br; dcarlisle@usgs.gov; tschon@pusan.ac.kr; joseph.culp@ec.gc.ca; jon.harding@canterbury.ac.nz; hanneke.keizer-vlek@wur.nl; wrobinson@csu.edu.au; stephanie.strachan@ec.gc.ca; thirionc@dwa.gov.za; hughes.bob@amnisopes.com RI Buss, Daniel/D-7619-2013 FU Fulbright-Brazil grant [400107/2011-2] FX This paper was stimulated by a Fulbright-Brazil grant to R.M. Hughes during a visit to FIOCRUZ, Brazil, and a grant to D.F. Buss (CNPq/PROEP No 400107/2011-2) and generated out of a special symposium at the 2011 annual meeting of the Society for Freshwater Science, at which the coauthors willingly committed their time and travel funds. We are very grateful to Tim Jones, Isabel Pardo, Emilia Misikova Elexova, Wim Gabriels, and Christian Feld for providing us with the essential information on their national monitoring protocols. NR 170 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 187 IS 1 AR 4132 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4132-8 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE0XJ UT WOS:000351533800001 PM 25487459 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Syphard, AD AF Keeley, Jon E. Syphard, Alexandra D. TI Different fire-climate relationships on forested and non-forested landscapes in the Sierra Nevada ecoregion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE area burned; chaparral; climate change; non-forested ecosystems; spring temperature; snow pack ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BURNED AREA; WILDFIRE; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; MOUNTAINS; REGIMES; MODELS; SHIFTS; USA AB In the California Sierra Nevada region, increased fire activity over the last 50 years has only occurred in the higher-elevation forests on US Forest Service (USFS) lands, and is not characteristic of the lower-elevation grasslands, woodlands and shrublands on state responsibility lands (Cal Fire). Increased fire activity on USFS lands was correlated with warmer and drier springs. Although this is consistent with recent global warming, we found an equally strong relationship between fire activity and climate in the first half of the 20th century. At lower elevations, warmer and drier conditions were not strongly tied to fire activity over the last 90 years, although prior-year precipitation was significant. It is hypothesised that the fire-climate relationship in forests is determined by climatic effects on spring and summer fuel moisture, with hotter and drier springs leading to a longer fire season and more extensive burning. In contrast, future fire activity in the foothills may be more dependent on rainfall patterns and their effect on the herbaceous fuel load. We predict spring and summer warming will have a significant impact on future fire regimes, primarily in higher-elevation forests. Lower elevation ecosystems are likely to be affected as much by global changes that directly involve land-use patterns as by climate change. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 27 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1071/WF14102 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CD9TV UT WOS:000351442300003 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Keeley, JE AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Keeley, Jon E. TI Location, timing and extent of wildfire vary by cause of ignition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; FIRE REGIMES; FOREST ROADS; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; RISK; AUSTRALIA; CRIME AB The increasing extent of wildfires has prompted investigation into alternative fire management approaches to complement the traditional strategies of fire suppression and fuels manipulation. Wildfire prevention through ignition reduction is an approach with potential for success, but ignitions result from a variety of causes. If some ignition sources result in higher levels of area burned, then ignition prevention programmes could be optimised to target these distributions in space and time. We investigated the most common ignition causes in two southern California sub-regions, where humans are responsible for more than 95% of all fires, and asked whether these causes exhibited distinct spatial or intra-annual temporal patterns, or resulted in different extents of fire in 10-29-year periods, depending on sub-region. Different ignition causes had distinct spatial patterns and those that burned the most area tended to occur in autumn months. Both the number of fires and area burned varied according to cause of ignition, but the cause of the most numerous fires was not always the cause of the greatest area burned. In both sub-regions, power line ignitions were one of the top two causes of area burned: the other major causes were arson in one sub-region and power equipment in the other. Equipment use also caused the largest number of fires in both sub-regions. These results have important implications for understanding why, where and how ignitions are caused, and in turn, how to develop strategies to prioritise and focus fire prevention efforts. Fire extent has increased tremendously in southern California, and because most fires are caused by humans, ignition reduction offers a potentially powerful management strategy, especially if optimised to reflect the distinct spatial and temporal distributions in different ignition causes. C1 [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, South Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, 10423 Sierra Vista Ave, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. EM asyphard@consbio.org NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 27 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1071/WF14024 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CD9TV UT WOS:000351442300004 ER PT J AU Rao, LE Matchett, JR Brooks, ML Johnson, RF Minnich, RA Allen, EB AF Rao, Leela E. Matchett, John R. Brooks, Matthew L. Johnson, Robert F. Minnich, Richard A. Allen, Edith B. TI Relationships between annual plant productivity, nitrogen deposition and fire size in low-elevation California desert scrub SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE biomass; fine fuel; Mojave; Sonoran ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SONORAN DESERT; MOJAVE-DESERT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOIL-NITROGEN; WILDFIRE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; REGRESSION AB Although precipitation is correlated with fire size in desert ecosystems and is typically used as an indirect surrogate for fine fuel load, a direct link between fine fuel biomass and fire size has not been established. In addition, nitrogen (N) deposition can affect fire risk through its fertilisation effect on fine fuel production. In this study, we examine the relationships between fire size and precipitation, N deposition and biomass with emphasis on identifying biomass and N deposition thresholds associated with fire spreading across the landscape. We used a 28-year fire record of 582 burns from low-elevation desert scrub to evaluate the relationship of precipitation, N deposition and biomass with the distribution of fire sizes using quantile regression. We found that models using annual biomass have similar predictive ability to those using precipitation and N deposition at the lower to intermediate portions of the fire size distribution. No distinct biomass threshold was found, although within the 99th percentile of the distribution fire size increased with greater than 125 g m(-2) of winter fine fuel production. The study did not produce an N deposition threshold, but did validate the value of 125 g m(-2) of fine fuel for spread of fires. C1 [Rao, Leela E.; Johnson, Robert F.; Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Matchett, John R.; Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Minnich, Richard A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Rao, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lrao@arb.ca.gov FU NSF [DEB 04-21530]; National Park Service PMIS [110325]; US Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; US Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; California Air Resources Board FX Data analysis and writing of this manuscript were supported with funds from NSF DEB 04-21530, National Park Service PMIS No. 110325, the US Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, the US Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis and the California Air Resources Board. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 58 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1071/WF13152 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CD9TV UT WOS:000351442300005 ER PT J AU Wood, TE Doherty, K Padgett, W AF Wood, Troy E. Doherty, Kyle Padgett, Wayne TI Development of Native Plant Materials for Restoration and Rehabilitation of Colorado Plateau Ecosystems SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Colorado Plateau; local adaptation; native plant materials development; restoration ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; GENETIC-BASIS; GRASSES; EVOLUTIONARY; BIODIVERSITY; PERSISTENCE AB The native plant communities of the Colorado Plateau have been substantially degraded by human activity, yet in many areas retain a basic natural ecologic integrity. The more heavily impacted regions often require active intervention. Historically, this intervention has been conducted primarily by seeding introduced grasses selected for their forage characteristics. Recent management initiatives that reflect broader goals have highlighted the need to develop native plant materials that can be used to return diverse, resilient communities to degraded areas. The Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program was established to identify the best native plant species, and seed sources within species, that can be used to meet this need. We present an overview of the Program's past and current activities and highlight research and development strategies used to increase the availability of native plant materials adapted to target sites. C1 [Wood, Troy E.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Doherty, Kyle] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Padgett, Wayne] Bur Land Management, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. RP Wood, TE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Bldg 56,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM twood@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 134 EP 150 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CD9NM UT WOS:000351425000016 ER PT J AU Mosel, KJ Isermann, DA Hansen, JF AF Mosel, Kyle J. Isermann, Daniel A. Hansen, Jonathan F. TI Evaluation of Daily Creel and Minimum Length Limits for Black Crappie and Yellow Perch in Wisconsin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-DAKOTA; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; COMPENSATORY MORTALITY; NATURAL MORTALITY; WHITE CRAPPIES; AGE ESTIMATION; MANAGEMENT; LAKES; FISH; MINNESOTA AB Harvest regulations for Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens in the northern USA and Canada have not been thoroughly evaluated, and specific guidance regarding where minimum length limits (MLLs) might improve these fisheries is lacking. We examined whether: (1) transitioning from an aggregate statewide daily creel limit of 25 panfish to species-specific daily creel limits of <25 fish or implementing statewide MLLs could reduce harvest of Black Crappie and Yellow Perch in Wisconsin by >= 25%, and (2) MLLs would improve yield by >= 10% and mean TL of harvested fish by >= 25 mm in Wisconsin fisheries. Creel surveys indicated that >= 94% of Wisconsin anglers did not harvest a Black Crappie or Yellow Perch, and <= 0.12% of anglers harvested a daily creel limit of 25 fish. Daily creel limits would need to be <= 7 fish/angler to reduce harvest by >= 25%. Statewide MLLs would need to be >= 229 mm for Black Crappie and >= 203 mm for Yellow Perch to reduce harvest by >= 25%, but predicted responses to MLLs varied among simulated populations. In general, MLLs were not predicted to improve yield, indicating that growth overfishing was not a widespread problem. Minimum length limits could improve mean TL of harvested fish, but increases >= 25 mm were only observed under 254-mm and 279-mm MLLs, and anglers would have to accept predicted reductions in harvest of >= 30% to achieve these improvements. A 229-mm MLL offered a more equitable trade-off between increases in mean TLs of harvested fish (11-21-mm improvements) and reductions in harvest (22-37% reductions). Our modeling provides a framework for managers to make more informed decisions regarding harvest regulations, but more information regarding angler preferences is needed for selecting appropriate management objectives and harvest regulations. C1 [Mosel, Kyle J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Fisheries Anal Ctr, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Isermann, Daniel A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Isermann, Daniel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Fisheries Anal Ctr, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Hansen, Jonathan F.] Bur Fisheries Management, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Mosel, KJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 555 Lester Ave, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM kyle_mosel@fws.gov FU WDNR through the Sportfish Restoration Program FX Primary funding for this project was provided by the WDNR through the Sportfish Restoration Program. We thank the numerous WDNR personnel who collected fyke-net and creel survey data used in this project. We also thank N. Nate and M. Hansen for their assistance with this project. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.963752 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9VN UT WOS:000351447600001 ER PT J AU Wirgin, I Breece, MW Fox, DA Maceda, L Wark, KW King, T AF Wirgin, Isaac Breece, Matthew W. Fox, Dewayne A. Maceda, Lorraine Wark, Kevin W. King, Tim TI Origin of Atlantic Sturgeon Collected off the Delaware Coast during Spring Months SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; HUDSON RIVER; NEW-YORK; MICROSATELLITE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; ESTUARY AB Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus was federally listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as five distinct population segments (DPS). Currently, at least 18 estuaries coastwide host spawning populations and the viability of these vary, requiring differing levels of protection. Subadults emigrate from their natal estuaries to marine waters where they are vulnerable to bycatch; one of the major threats to the rebuilding of populations. As a result, identifying the population origin of Atlantic Sturgeon in coastal waters is critical to development of management plans intended to minimize interactions of the most imperiled populations with damaging fisheries. We used mitochondrial DNA control region sequencing and microsatellite DNA analyses to determine the origin of 261 Atlantic Sturgeon collected off the Delaware coast during the spring months. Using individual-based assignment (IBA) testing and mixed stock analysis, we found that specimens originated from all nine of our reference populations and the five DPSs used in the listing determination. Using IBA, we found that the Hudson River population was the largest contributor (38.3%) to our coastal collection. The James (19.9%) and Delaware (13.8%) river populations, at one time thought to be extirpated or nearly so, were the next largest contributors. The three populations combined in the South Atlantic DPS contributed 21% of specimens; the Altamaha River, the largest population in the South Atlantic DPS, only contributed a single specimen to the collection. While the origin of specimens collected on the Delaware coast was most likely within rivers of the New York Bight DPS (52.1%), specimens that originated elsewhere were also well represented. Genetic analyses provide a robust tool to identify the population origin of individual sturgeon outside of their natal estuaries and to determine the quantitative contributions of individual populations to coastal aggregations that are vulnerable to bycatch and other anthropogenic threats. C1 [Wirgin, Isaac; Maceda, Lorraine] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Breece, Matthew W.; Fox, Dewayne A.] Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Wark, Kevin W.] Endeavor Fisheries Inc, Barnegat Light, NJ 08006 USA. [King, Tim] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org FU New York Sea Grant [R/SG-20]; Molecular Facility Core of the NYU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center [ES00260]; National Marine Fisheries Service's Anadromous Fish Conservation Act (NOAA) [NA08NMF4050611]; National Marine Fisheries Service's Anadromous Fish Conservation Act (NOAA-NMFS-NERO) [EA133F-08-CN-0151]; Species Recovery Grants to States (NOAA) [NA10NMF4720030]; National Marine Fisheries Service [16507] FX We thank New York Sea Grant (Grant R/SG-20) and the Molecular Facility Core of the NYU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center ES00260 for their support. Funding for our coastal sampling program was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Anadromous Fish Conservation Act (NOAA Award NA08NMF4050611, NOAA-NMFS-NERO contract EA133F-08-CN-0151) and Species Recovery Grants to States (NOAA Award NA10NMF4720030) project. We acknowledge the statistical assistance of Arthur Nadas. We thank Lori Brown for her assistance with database management and sampling handling, as well as Michael Lohr for his assistance during field collections. Atlantic Sturgeon sampling following their ESA listing was carried out under the auspices of National Marine Fisheries Service research permit 16507. Prior to listing Atlantic Sturgeon were sampled under annual state of Delaware collection permits. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.963751 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9VN UT WOS:000351447600003 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Albeke, SE Gunckel, SL Writer, BJ Shepard, BB May, BE AF Muhlfeld, Clint C. Albeke, Shannon E. Gunckel, Stephanie L. Writer, Benjamin J. Shepard, Bradley B. May, Bruce E. TI Status and Conservation of Interior Redband Trout in the Western United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS-GAIRDNERI; KOOTENAI RIVER DRAINAGE; THERMAL HABITAT QUALITY; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; RAINBOW-TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB In this article we describe the current status and conservation of interior (potamodromous) Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sspp. throughout its range in the western United States using extant data and expert opinion provided by fish managers. Redband Trout historically occupied 60,295 km of stream habitat and 152 natural lakes. Currently, Redband Trout occupy 25,417 km of stream habitat (42% of their historical range) and 124 lakes or reservoirs. Nonhybridized populations are assumed to occupy 11,695 km (46%) of currently occupied streams; however, fish from only 4,473 km (18%) have been genetically tested. Approximately 47% of the streams occupied by Redband Trout occur on private land, 45% on government lands, and 8% in protected areas. A total of 210 Redband Trout populations, occupying 15,252 km of stream habitat (60% of the current distribution) and 95,158 ha of lake habitat (52%), are being managed as "conservation populations." Most conservation populations have been designated as weakly to strongly connected metapopulations (125; 60%) and occupy much more stream length (14,112 km; 93%) than isolated conservation populations (1,141 km; 7%). The primary threats to Redband Trout include invasive species, habitat degradation and fragmentation, and climate change. Although the historical distribution of interior Redband Trout has declined dramatically, we conclude that the species is not currently at imminent risk of extinction because it is still widely distributed with many populations isolated by physical barriers and active conservation efforts are occurring for many populations. However, the hybridization status of many populations has not been well quantified, and introgression may be more prevalent than documented here. We recommend (1) collecting additional genetic data and estimating distribution and abundance by means of a more rigorous spatial sampling design to reduce uncertainties, (2) collecting additional information to assess and predict the impacts of climate on populations, and (3) continuing to use this database to evaluate the status of Redband Trout and inform conservation efforts through time. C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Albeke, Shannon E.; Writer, Benjamin J.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gunckel, Stephanie L.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Shepard, Bradley B.] North Amer Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [May, Bruce E.] Wild Trout Enterprises LCC, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov FU Western Native Trout Initiative; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Nevada Department of Wildlife, Montana, Fish, Wildlife and Parks; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management FX Thanks to the many fisheries biologists and GIS specialists who took the time to prepare, organize, and participate in the data collection workshops. We appreciate the guidance and contribution of the Range-wide Redband Trout Workgroup, including S. Grunder, J. Capurso, D. Lentz, D. Shively, A. Mauer, B. Bolding, C. Donely, C. Burley, J. Elliot, G. Johnson, L. Nelson, M. Hensler, A. Doelker, S. Hoefer, K. Dow, J. Wilson, K. Stein, and S. Lightcap. We also acknowledge the administration and staff from the Western Native Trout Initiative, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nevada Department of Wildlife, Montana, Fish, Wildlife and Parks, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Bureau of Land Management for their support and funding of the project. We thank Helen Neville and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 53 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.951807 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9VN UT WOS:000351447600004 ER PT J AU McIlraith, BJ Caudill, CC Kennedy, BP Peery, CA Keefer, ML AF McIlraith, Brian J. Caudill, Christopher C. Kennedy, Brian P. Peery, Christopher A. Keefer, Matthew L. TI Seasonal Migration Behaviors and Distribution of Adult Pacific Lampreys in Unimpounded Reaches of the Snake River Basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; COLUMBIA RIVER; SPAWNING MIGRATION; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREYS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; PASSAGE EFFICIENCY; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Complex life histories render anadromous fishes particularly susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic change. Adult Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus migrating in the Columbia River and its tributaries must ascend a series of dams to reach interior spawning sites. While considerable research has focused on improving dam passage for lampreys, little is known about adult Pacific Lamprey behavior and distribution patterns within free-flowing environments, particularly within the interior portions of their distribution. In this 3-year study, we monitored the movements of 146 adult Pacific Lampreys in the Snake River and its tributaries upstream from Lower Granite Dam, the eighth dam from the Pacific Ocean. Our objectives were to characterize migration and test several hypotheses about adult upstream movement after dam passage. A majority of radio-tagged adults, released above Lower Granite Dam, migrated upstream after release and many moved hundreds of kilometers upstream into Snake River tributaries. Of those with telemetry records after release, 59-70% were recorded in the Clearwater River, 16-25% were in the Snake River, and 13-16% were in the Salmon River. Lampreys that passed the Snake River-Clearwater River confluence were significantly more likely, in most years, to enter the lower-discharge Clearwater River. Adults moved primarily at night during the summer-fall migration and did not exhibit a consistent response to changes in water temperature or discharge. These findings highlight the importance of the Clearwater River to Pacific Lampreys in the lower Snake River basin and indicate that adults that successfully pass through the Columbia-Snake hydrosystem can continue upstream migration into many Snake River subbasins. This distribution suggests that improved passage efficiency at dams may increase the number of adult Pacific Lampreys available for spawning within the interior portions of their distribution. C1 [McIlraith, Brian J.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Caudill, Christopher C.; Kennedy, Brian P.; Keefer, Matthew L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kennedy, Brian P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Geol Sci, Coll Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. RP McIlraith, BJ (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 700 Northeast Multnomah St,Suite 1200, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM mcib@critfc.org RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and was facilitated by J. Brostrom (USFWS). We thank K. Fone, G. Melanson, G. Moody, B. Spurgeon, and R. Weiss of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for adult lamprey collection assistance at Lower Monumental and Little Goose dams. We thank M. Jepson (University of Idaho), T. Clabough (University of Idaho), and K. Frick (NOAA fisheries) for managing and coding the radiotelemetry database. We thank D. Joosten, S. Lee, C. Boggs, and G. Naughton (University of Idaho) and S. Bradbury (USFWS) for radiotelemetry equipment installation and mobile telemetry assistance. We thank D. Cummings for 2006 radiotelemetry data. We also thank R. Poulin, C. Ihm, K. Johnson, and the USGS Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for administrative support. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.986344 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9VN UT WOS:000351447600011 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Persons, WR Young, KL Stone, DM Vanhaverbeke, DR Knight, WK AF Ward, David L. Persons, William R. Young, Kirk L. Stone, Dennis M. Vanhaverbeke, David R. Knight, William K. TI A Laboratory Evaluation of Tagging-Related Mortality and Tag Loss in Juvenile Humpback Chub SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; BROWN TROUT; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; RETENTION; PREDATION; MARKING AB We quantified tag retention, survival, and growth in juvenile, captive-reared Humpback Chub Gila cypha marked with three different tag types: (1) Biomark 12.5-mm, 134.2-kHz, full duplex PIT tags injected into the body cavity with a 12-gauge needle; (2) Biomark 8.4-mm, 134.2-kHz, full duplex PIT tags injected with a 16-gauge needle; and (3) Northwest Marine Technology visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags injected under the skin with a 29-gauge needle. Estimates of tag loss, tagging-induced mortality, and growth were evaluated for 60 d with each tag type for four different size-groups of fish: 40-49 mm, 50-59 mm, 60-69 mm, and 70-79 mm TL. Total length was a significant predictor of the probability of PIT tag retention and mortality for both 8-mm and 12-mm PIT tags, and the smallest fish had the highest rates of tag loss (12.5-30.0%) and mortality (7.5-20.0%). Humpback Chub of sizes 40-49 mm TL and tagged with VIE tags had no mortality but did have a 17.5% tag loss. Growth rates of all tagged fish were similar to controls. Our data indicate Humpback Chub can be effectively tagged using either 8-mm or 12-mm PIT tags with little tag loss or mortality at sizes as low as 65 mm TL. C1 [Ward, David L.; Persons, William R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Young, Kirk L.; Stone, Dennis M.; Vanhaverbeke, David R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Knight, William K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwestern Native Aquat Resources & Recovery Ct, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.986345 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9VN UT WOS:000351447600012 ER PT J AU Walrath, JD Quist, MC Firehammer, JA AF Walrath, John D. Quist, Michael C. Firehammer, Jon A. TI Trophic Ecology of Nonnative Northern Pike and their Effect on Conservation of Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; GREAT-PLAINS RESERVOIR; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ESOX-LUCIUS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LAKE; GROWTH; PREDATION AB Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, have declined in recent years; predation by Northern Pike Esox lucius, a nonnative sport fish, is thought to be a causative mechanism. The goal of this study was to describe the seasonal food habits of Northern Pike and determine their influence on Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Coeur d'Alene Lake by using a bioenergetics modeling approach. Fish were sampled monthly from March 2012 to May 2013 using pulsed-DC electrofishing and experimental gillnetting in four bays. Northern Pike catch rates from electrofishing were generally low but increased slightly each season and were highest in the southern portion of the lake; catch rates from gillnetting were approximately 50% higher during the two spring sampling periods compared with the summer and fall. Seasonal growth and food habits of 695 Northern Pike (TL = 16.2-108.0 cm; weight = 24-9,628 g) were analyzed. Diets primarily consisted of kokanee O. nerka, Westslope Cutthroat Trout, and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens. Results of a bioenergetics model estimated that Westslope Cutthroat Trout represented approximately 2-30% of the biomass consumed by age-1-4 Northern Pike. Total Westslope Cutthroat Trout biomass consumed by Northern Pike (2008-2011 year-classes) across all seasons sampled was estimated to be 1,231 kg (95% CI = 723-2,396 kg), and the total number consumed was 5,641 (95% CI = 3,311-10,979). The highest occurrence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Northern Pike diets was observed during spring. Thus, reducing Northern Pike predation on Westslope Cutthroat Trout would be one tool worth considering for conserving Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations in Coeur d'Alene Lake. C1 [Walrath, John D.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Firehammer, Jon A.] Coeur Alene Tribe, Plummer, ID 83851 USA. RP Walrath, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM walr7955@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Coeur d'Alene Tribe; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Idaho; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Brown, M. Castaneda, W. Field, B. Harper, E. Hendrickson, J. Fredericks, D. Jolibois, I. Lee, N. Porter, J. Sanchez, T. Schill, C. Smith, J. Smith, M. Stanger, C. Watkins, S. Whitlock, and T. Wilson for assistance with field research. We also thank A. Vitale (Coeur d'Alene Tribe) and J. Fredricks (Idaho Department of Fish and Game) for assistance in planning and implementing this study. We are grateful to N. Bean (Colville Tribe) for insights on the physiological parameters he developed for bioenergetics modeling of larger Northern Pike. C. Muhlfeld, M. Wiest, F. Wilhelm, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by the Coeur d'Alene Tribe. Additional support was provided by the Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Coeur d'Alene Tribe, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 201143. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 1 BP 158 EP 177 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.970678 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CD9VN UT WOS:000351447600014 ER PT J AU Duxbury, J Bierman, PR Portenga, EW Pavich, MJ Southworth, S Freeman, SPHT AF Duxbury, Jane Bierman, Paul R. Portenga, Eric W. Pavich, Milan J. Southworth, Scott Freeman, Stewart P. H. T. TI EROSION RATES IN AND AROUND SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK, VIRGINIA, DETERMINED USING ANALYSIS OF COSMOGENIC Be-10 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Erosion; cosmogenic; Appalachian; geomorphology; isotope geology ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BASIN; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS; IN-SITU; BLUE-RIDGE; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; PASSIVE-MARGIN; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; SURFACE PROCESSES AB We use cosmogenic Be-10 analysis of fluvial sediments and bedrock to estimate erosion rates (10(4)-10(5) year timescale) and to infer the distribution of post-orogenic geomorphic processes in the Blue Ridge Province in and around Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Our sampling plan was designed to investigate relationships between erosion rate and lithology, mean basin slope, basin area, and sediment grain size. Fifty-nine samples were collected from a variety of basin sizes ( <1-3305 km(2)) and average basin slopes (6-24 degrees) in each of four different lithologies that crop out in the park: granite, metabasalt, quartzite, and siliciclastic rocks. The samples include bedrock (n = 5), fluvial sediment from single-lithology basins (n = 43), and fluvial sediment from multilithology basins (n = 11): two multilithology samples are from rivers with tributary streams draining the eastern and western slopes of the park, respectively (Rappahannock and Shenandoah Rivers), and two samples are temporal replicates. In one sample of each lithology, we measured Be-10 in four different grain sizes from fine sand to gravel. Inferred erosion rates for the medium sand fraction of all fluvial samples from all lithologies range from 3.0 to 21 m/My. The area-weighted mean erosion rate for single-lithology basins in the Park is 12.2 m/My. Single-lithology erosion rate ranges for fluvial samples are: granite, 7.0 to 20 m/My; metabasalt, 3.8 to 21 m/My; quartzite, 3.8 to 15 m/My; and siliciclastic rocks, 5.2 to 15 m/My. Multilithology basins erode at rates between 3.0-16 m/My. The Shenandoah River basin (3305 km(2)) is eroding at 6.6 m/My. Bedrock erosion rates range from 1.8 to 11 m/My across all lithologies, with a mean of 6.5 +/- 4.3 m/My. Grain-size specific Be-10 analysis of four samples showed no consistent trend of concentration with grain size. Cosmogenic analysis of bedrock and sediment from the Shenandoah National Park area allows us to speculate about why some parts of the Appalachian Mountains erode more slowly and some more rapidly. Overall, it appears that steep drainage basins erode more rapidly than gently sloped basins. Climate and lithology may also influence basin-scale rates of erosion as suggested by the difference in average erosion rates east and west of the divide and the difference between the erosion rates of quartzite- and granite-dominated basins. Data are conflicting in regards to the evolution of relief over time. Analyses made of exposed bedrock along ridgelines suggest that such rock is eroding either more slowly than adjacent drainage basins (Susquehanna River, Shenandoah National Park region) or at similar rates (Great Smoky Mountains) providing a mechanism for growing relief at the scale of individual ridgelines. However, considering relief on a landscape or physiographic province scale, by comparing erosion rates of the highlands versus the lowlands, suggests that relief of the range as a whole is either steady or very slowly decreasing over multimillennial timescales. The presence of significant erosion rate/slope relationships negates a broad Hackian view of the landscape because there is not uniform erosion across this landscape. The aspect-erosion rate and slope-erosion rate relationships present in the Shenandoah area suggest that the landscape is not fully adjusted to rock strength. C1 [Duxbury, Jane; Bierman, Paul R.; Portenga, Eric W.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Pavich, Milan J.; Southworth, Scott] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Freeman, Stewart P. H. T.] SUERC, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lab, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland. RP Bierman, PR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM pbierman@uvm.edu RI Freeman, Stewart/C-3290-2012 OI Freeman, Stewart/0000-0001-6148-3171 FU U.S. Geological Survey [04ERAG0064-0001]; National Science Foundation [EAR-310208] FX This project was supported by funds from the U.S. Geological Survey (04ERAG0064-0001) and National Science Foundation grant EAR-310208 to P. R. Bierman. We thank D. Fabel at Glasgow University for providing space for sample processing in the Glasgow University-SUERC Cosmogenic Nuclide Laboratory at SUERC, R. Finkel and the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for analyzing the initial samples, J. Aleong for assistance with statistical analysis and J. Spotila, B. Morgan, and D. Doctor for constructive reviews. NR 114 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 315 IS 1 BP 46 EP 76 DI 10.2475/01.2015.02 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CD2JQ UT WOS:000350904200002 ER PT J AU Emerson, JE Bollens, SM Counihan, TD AF Emerson, Joshua E. Bollens, Stephen M. Counihan, Timothy D. TI Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton in Columbia-Snake River reservoirs, with special emphasis on the invasive copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Columbia River; invasive copepods; seasonal dynamics; community structure; zooplankton; indicator species ID CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; SAN-FRANCISCO-ESTUARY; SKISTODIAPTOMUS-PALLIDUS HERRICK; SUBYEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; SOUTHERN CASPIAN SEA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS AB The Asian copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi has recently become established in the Columbia River. However, little is known about its ecology and effects on invaded ecosystems. We undertook a 2-year (July 2009 to June 2011) field study of the mesozooplankton in four reservoirs in the Columbia and Snake Rivers, with emphasis on the relation of the seasonal variation in distribution and abundance of P. forbesi to environmental variables. Pseudodiaptomus forbesi was abundant in three reservoirs; the zooplankton community of the fourth reservoir contained no known non-indigenous taxa. The composition and seasonal succession of zooplankton were similar in the three invaded reservoirs: a bloom of rotifers occurred in spring, native cyclopoid and cladoceran species peaked in abundance in summer, and P. forbesi was most abundant in late summer and autumn. In the uninvaded reservoir, total zooplankton abundance was very low year-round. Multivariate ordination indicated that temperature and dissolved oxygen were strongly associated with zooplankton community structure, with P. forbesi appearing to exhibit a single generation per year. The broad distribution and high abundance of P. forbesi in the Columbia-Snake River System could result in ecosystem level effects in areas intensively managed to improve conditions for salmon and other commercially and culturally important fish species. C1 [Emerson, Joshua E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Bollens, Stephen M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Emerson, JE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM joshua.emerson@email.wsu.edu; sbollens@vancouver.wsu.edu; tcounihan@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey grant [G09AC00264]; U.S. National Science Foundation GK-12 Fellowship [DGE0742561] FX We would like to thank Amy Puls, Glen Holmberg, Jill Hardiman, and Conrad Frost of the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory, and Joanne Breckenridge of Washington State University for their help with sampling design and field collection. We would also like to express our gratitude to Jeff Cordell and Olga Kalata of the University of Washington for sharing their knowledge of zooplankton taxonomy and identification. This work was supported by United States Geological Survey grant G09AC00264 to S. M. Bollens. Additional support for J. E. Emerson was received in the form of a U.S. National Science Foundation GK-12 Fellowship, through grant DGE0742561 to G. Rollwagen-Bollens and S. M. Bollens. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 30 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JAN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.03 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD0FQ UT WOS:000350746400003 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Layhee, M Stagliano, D Chaffin, J Begley, A Maxell, B AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Layhee, Megan Stagliano, Dave Chaffin, Jake Begley, Allison Maxell, Bryce TI Invasion of American bullfrogs along the Yellowstone River SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE American bullfrog; breeding; detection; floodplain; occupancy; spread ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; CALIFORNIA; OPPORTUNITIES; PERSISTENCE; DISPERSAL; SELECTION; TADPOLES; LESSONS; DECLINE AB The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is a globally distributed invasive species that was introduced to the Yellowstone River floodplain of Montana. Knowledge about floodplain habitat features that allow for bullfrog persistence and spread will help identify effective control strategies. We used field surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2013 to describe bullfrog spread in the Yellowstone River floodplain and the habitat features that are associated with bullfrog occupancy and colonization. Bullfrogs in our study area expanded from similar to 60 km in 2010 to 106 km in 2013, and are spreading to up-and downstream habitats. The number of breeding sites (i.e., presence of bullfrog eggs or larvae) increased from 12 sites in 2010 to 45 sites in 2013. We found that bullfrogs were associated with deeper waters, emergent vegetation and public-access sites, which are habitat features that characterize permanent waters and describe human-mediated introductions. Control strategies that reduce the hydroperiod of breeding sites may help to limit bullfrog persistence and spread, while an increase in public outreach and education may help prevent further bullfrog introductions at public-access sites. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Layhee, Megan] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Stagliano, Dave; Maxell, Bryce] Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Chaffin, Jake] Bur Land Management Montana, Dakotas State Off, Billings, MT 59101 USA. [Begley, Allison] Montana Fish, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov; dstagliano@mt.gov; jlchaffi@mt.gov; abegley@mt.gov; bmaxell@mt.gov FU Montana/Dakotas Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Montana/Dakotas Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the Audubon Conservation Education Center in Billings, MT for providing field support, supplies and facilities. We thank Mark Abbey-Lambertz, Jonathan Brunn, Brent Cascadian, Erika Colaiacomo, Melanie Davis, Lisa Drake, Duane Lund, Aeric Rily, and Nick Rubino for assistance with field surveys. We thank our anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 33 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JAN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.3391/ai.2015.10.1.07 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CD0FQ UT WOS:000350746400007 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Taylor, KA Pennington, VE Nelson, KN Martyn, TE Rottler, CM Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Taylor, Kyle A. Pennington, Victoria E. Nelson, Kellen N. Martyn, Trace E. Rottler, Caitlin M. Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Simulated big sagebrush regeneration supports predicted changes at the trailing and leading edges of distribution shifts SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; climate change response; germination; Greater Sage-Grouse; reclamation; restoration; seedling survival; species distribution ID PLANT-SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; POSTFIRE RECOVERY; BROMUS-TECTORUM; HABITAT MODELS; WATER-BALANCE; RANGE LIMITS AB Many semi-arid plant communities in western North America are dominated by big sagebrush. These ecosystems are being reduced in extent and quality due to economic development, invasive species, and climate change. These pervasive modifications have generated concern about the long-term viability of sagebrush habitat and sagebrush-obligate wildlife species (notably Greater Sage-Grouse), highlighting the need for better understanding of the future big sagebrush distribution, particularly at the species' range margins. The leading and trailing edges of potential climate-driven distribution shifts are likely to be areas most sensitive to climate change. Although several processes contribute to distribution shifts, regeneration is a fundamental requirement, especially for species with episodic regeneration patterns, such as big sagebrush. We used a process-based regeneration model for big sagebrush to simulate potential germination and seedling survival in response to climatic and edaphic conditions. We estimated current and future regeneration under 2070-2099 CMIP5 climate conditions at trailing and leading edges that were previously identified using traditional species distribution models. Our results supported expectations of increased probability of regeneration at the leading edge and decreased probability at the trailing edge compared to current levels. Our simulations indicated that soil water dynamics at the leading edge will become more similar to the typical seasonal ecohydrological conditions observed within the current range of big sagebrush. At the trailing edge, increased winter and spring dryness represented a departure from conditions typically supportive of big sagebrush. Our results highlighted that minimum and maximum daily temperatures as well as soil water recharge and summer dry periods are important constraints for big sagebrush regeneration. We observed reliable changes in areas identified as trailing and leading edges, consistent with previous predictions. However, we also identified potential local refugia within the trailing edge, mostly at higher elevation sites. Decreasing regeneration probability at the trailing edge suggests that it will be difficult to preserve and/or restore big sagebrush in these areas. Conversely, increasing regeneration probability at the leading edge suggests a growing potential for conflicts in management goals between maintaining existing grasslands and croplands by preventing sagebrush expansion versus accepting a shift in plant community composition to sagebrush dominance. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Taylor, Kyle A.; Pennington, Victoria E.; Nelson, Kellen N.; Martyn, Trace E.; Rottler, Caitlin M.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Nelson, Kellen N.; Rottler, Caitlin M.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dschlaep@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Schlaepfer, Daniel/D-1756-2009; OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065; Martyn, Trace/0000-0002-3015-484X FU U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Science Center [G12AC20504]; University of Wyoming FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Science Center (grant G12AC20504) and the University of Wyoming. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Appendix Table A1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 96 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1890/ES14-00208.1 PG 31 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC5YG UT WOS:000350440400003 ER PT J AU Buizert, C Cuffey, KM Severinghaus, JP Baggenstos, D Fudge, TJ Steig, EJ Markle, BR Winstrup, M Rhodes, RH Brook, EJ Sowers, TA Clow, GD Cheng, H Edwards, RL Sigl, M McConnell, JR Taylor, KC AF Buizert, C. Cuffey, K. M. Severinghaus, J. P. Baggenstos, D. Fudge, T. J. Steig, E. J. Markle, B. R. Winstrup, M. Rhodes, R. H. Brook, E. J. Sowers, T. A. Clow, G. D. Cheng, H. Edwards, R. L. Sigl, M. McConnell, J. R. Taylor, K. C. TI The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 1: Methane synchronization (68-31 kaBP) and the gas age-ice age difference SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD; ANTARCTIC ICE; POLAR ICE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRN-AIR; TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION; CAMP CENTURY; HULU CAVE AB The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide, WD) ice core is a newly drilled, high-accumulation deep ice core that provides Antarctic climate records of the past similar to 68 ka at unprecedented temporal resolution. The upper 2850m (back to 31.2 ka BP) have been dated using annual-layer counting. Here we present a chronology for the deep part of the core (67.8-31.2 ka BP), which is based on stratigraphic matching to annual-layer-counted Greenland ice cores using globally well-mixed atmospheric methane. We calculate the WD gas age-ice age difference (Delta age) using a combination of firn densification modeling, ice-flow modeling, and a data set of delta N-15-N-2, a proxy for past firn column thickness. The largest Delta age at WD occurs during the Last Glacial Maximum, and is 525 +/- 120 years. Internally consistent solutions can be found only when assuming little to no influence of impurity content on densification rates, contrary to a recently proposed hypothesis. We synchronize the WD chronology to a linearly scaled version of the layer-counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05), which brings the age of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events into agreement with the U = Th absolutely dated Hulu Cave speleothem record. The small Delta age at WD provides valuable opportunities to investigate the timing of atmospheric greenhouse gas variations relative to Antarctic climate, as well as the interhemispheric phasing of the "bipolar seesaw". C1 [Buizert, C.; Rhodes, R. H.; Brook, E. J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cuffey, K. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Severinghaus, J. P.; Baggenstos, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fudge, T. J.; Steig, E. J.; Markle, B. R.; Winstrup, M.] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fudge, T. J.; Steig, E. J.; Markle, B. R.; Winstrup, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sowers, T. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sowers, T. A.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Clow, G. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cheng, H.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, H.; Edwards, R. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sigl, M.; McConnell, J. R.; Taylor, K. C.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Buizert, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM buizertc@science.oregonstate.edu RI Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016; Winstrup, Mai/M-5844-2014 OI Baggenstos, Daniel/0000-0001-9756-6884; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261; Winstrup, Mai/0000-0002-4794-4004 FU US National Science Foundation [0539232, 0537661, ANT05-38657]; NSFC [41230524, 0839093, 1142166, 1043092, 0230396, 0440817, 0944348, 0944266]; NOAA Climate and Global Change fellowship program; Villum Foundation FX We thank Mark Twickler and Joseph Souney Jr. of the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office; the Ice Drilling Design and Operations group at the University of Wisconsin for recovering the ice core; O. Maselli, N. Chellman, M. Grieman, J. D'Andrilli, L. Layman, and R. Grinstead for help in making the continuous CH4 and Ca measurements; A. J. Schauer, S. W. Schoenemann, P. D. Neff, and B. Vanden Heuvel for help in making the water-isotopologue measurements; Raytheon Polar Services for logistics support in Antarctica; the 109th New York Air National Guard for airlift in Antarctica; Anais Orsi for fruitful discussions; Dan Muhs for feedback on the manuscript; and the dozens of core handlers in the field and at the National Ice Core Laboratory for the core processing. This work is funded by the US National Science Foundation through grants 0539232, 0537661 (to K. M. Cuffey), ANT05-38657 (to J. P. Severinghaus.), NSFC 41230524 (to H. Cheng. and R. L. Edwards), 0839093, 1142166 (to J. R. McConnell.), and 1043092 (to E. J. Steig.) and through grants 0230396, 0440817, 0944348, and 0944266 to the Desert Research Institute of Reno Nevada and University of New Hampshire for the collection and distribution of the WAIS Divide ice core and related tasks. We further acknowledge support by the NOAA Climate and Global Change fellowship program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (to C. Buizert.) and the Villum Foundation (to M. Winstrup.). NR 103 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 153 EP 173 DI 10.5194/cp-11-153-2015 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PL UT WOS:000350560400003 ER PT J AU Neighbors, C Liao, EJ Cochran, ES Funning, GJ Chung, AI Lawrence, JF Christensen, C Miller, M Belmonte, A Sepulveda, HHA AF Neighbors, C. Liao, E. J. Cochran, E. S. Funning, G. J. Chung, A. I. Lawrence, J. F. Christensen, C. Miller, M. Belmonte, A. Andres Sepulveda, H. H. TI Investigation of the high-frequency attenuation parameter, kappa (kappa), from aftershocks of the 2010 M-w 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake ground motions; Body waves; Seismic attenuation ID SPECTRAL DECAY PARAMETER; STRONG-MOTION ACCELERATIONS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; GROUND-MOTION; MEMS ACCELEROMETERS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEISMIC NETWORK; SITE RESPONSE; NEW-ZEALAND; LOW-COST AB The Bio Bio region of Chile experienced a vigorous aftershock sequence following the 2010 February 27 M-w 8.8 Maule earthquake. The immediate aftershock sequence was captured by two temporary seismic deployments: the Quake Catcher Network Rapid Aftershock Mobilization Program (QCN RAMP) and the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology CHile Aftershock Mobilization Program (IRIS CHAMP). Here, we use moderate to large aftershocks (M-L >= 4.0) occurring between 2010 March 1 and June 30 recorded by QCN RAMP and IRIS CHAMP stations to determine the spectral decay parameter, kappa (kappa). First, we compare waveforms and kappa estimates from the lower-resolution QCN stations to the IRIS CHAMP stations to ensure the QCN data are of sufficient quality. We find that QCN stations provide reasonable estimates of kappa in comparison to traditional seismic sensors and provide valuable additional observations of local ground motion variation. Using data from both deployments, we investigate the variation in kappa for the region to determine if kappa is influenced primarily by local geological structure, path attenuation, or source properties (e.g. magnitude, mechanism and depth). Estimates of kappa for the Bio Bio region range from 0.0022 to 0.0704 s with a mean of 0.0295 s and are in good agreement with kappa values previously reported for similar tectonic environments. kappa correlates with epicentral distance and, to a lesser degree, with source magnitude. We find little to no correlation between the site kappa, kappa(0), and mapped geology, although we were only able to compare the data to a low-resolution map of surficial geology. These results support an increasing number of studies that suggest kappa observations can be attributed to a combination of source, path and site properties; additionally, measured kappa are often highly scattered making it difficult to separate the contribution from each of these factors. Thus, our results suggest that contributions from the site, path and source should be carefully considered when interpreting kappa values. C1 [Neighbors, C.; Liao, E. J.; Funning, G. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cochran, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Chung, A. I.; Lawrence, J. F.; Christensen, C.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, M.; Belmonte, A.; Andres Sepulveda, H. H.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Geofis, Concepcion, Chile. RP Neighbors, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM corrie.neighbors@email.ucr.edu RI Sepulveda, Hector/C-3712-2011 OI Sepulveda, Hector/0000-0002-0131-6627 FU NSF RAPID Award [EAR 1035919]; NSF grant [EAR-0952376] FX The authors would like to thank the IRISCHAMP team (http://www.iris.edu/hq/chile/team) and the Centro Sismologico Nacional at the Universidad de Chile, particularly Sergio Barrientos and Hector Massone. We would like to give a special thank you to the Geology and Geophysics students from the University of Concepcion, especially Evelyn Foppiano Escares, Paulina Parades Abarzua and Marcelo Bernardin for their invaluable assistance with deploying the QCN sensors. Additionally, we would also like to express gratitude to John Douglas and an anonymous reviewer whose comments improved our original manuscript. This research was funded by NSF RAPID Award EAR 1035919 and NSF grant EAR-0952376. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 200 IS 1 BP 200 EP 215 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu390 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC0QU UT WOS:000350041600017 ER PT J AU Yeck, WL Block, LV Wood, CK King, VM AF Yeck, William L. Block, Lisa V. Wood, Christopher K. King, Vanessa M. TI Maximum magnitude estimations of induced earthquakes at Paradox Valley, Colorado, from cumulative injection volume and geometry of seismicity clusters SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Geomechanics; Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction; Fractures and faults; North America ID DEEP-WELL INJECTION; FLUID-INJECTION; STRESS; MODELS; LENGTH; AREA AB The Paradox Valley Unit (PVU), a salinity control project in southwest Colorado, disposes of brine in a single deep injection well. Since the initiation of injection at the PVU in 1991, earthquakes have been repeatedly induced. PVU closely monitors all seismicity in the Paradox Valley region with a dense surface seismic network. A key factor for understanding the seismic hazard from PVU injection is the maximum magnitude earthquake that can be induced. The estimate of maximum magnitude of induced earthquakes is difficult to constrain as, unlike naturally occurring earthquakes, the maximum magnitude of induced earthquakes changes over time and is affected by injection parameters. We investigate temporal variations in maximum magnitudes of induced earthquakes at the PVU using two methods. First, we consider the relationship between the total cumulative injected volume and the history of observed largest earthquakes at the PVU. Second, we explore the relationship between maximum magnitude and the geometry of individual seismicity clusters. Under the assumptions that: (i) elevated pore pressures must be distributed over an entire fault surface to initiate rupture and (ii) the location of induced events delineates volumes of sufficiently high pore-pressure to induce rupture, we calculate the largest allowable vertical penny-shaped faults, and investigate the potential earthquake magnitudes represented by their rupture. Results from both the injection volume and geometrical methods suggest that the PVU has the potential to induce events up to roughly MW 5 in the region directly surrounding the well; however, the largest observed earthquake to date has been about a magnitude unit smaller than this predicted maximum. In the seismicity cluster surrounding the injection well, the maximum potential earthquake size estimated by these methods and the observed maximum magnitudes have remained steady since the mid-2000s. These observations suggest that either these methods overpredict maximum magnitude for this area or that long time delays are required for sufficient pore-pressure diffusion to occur to cause rupture along an entire fault segment. We note that earthquake clusters can initiate and grow rapidly over the course of 1 or 2 yr, thus making it difficult to predict maximum earthquake magnitudes far into the future. The abrupt onset of seismicity with injection indicates that pore-pressure increases near the well have been sufficient to trigger earthquakes under pre-existing tectonic stresses. However, we do not observe remote triggering from large teleseismic earthquakes, which suggests that the stress perturbations generated from those events are too small to trigger rupture, even with the increased pore pressures. C1 [Yeck, William L.; Block, Lisa V.; Wood, Christopher K.; King, Vanessa M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Seismol Geomorphol & Geophys Grp, Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yeck, William L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yeck, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Seismol Geomorphol & Geophys Grp, Bur Reclamat, POB 25007,86-68330, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM yeck@colorado.edu OI Yeck, William/0000-0002-2801-8873 FU PVU FX This paper summarizes studies done in support of the PVU. We thank Andy Nicholas, Tyler Artichoker and Ed Warner for their support of PVU seismic monitoring and analysis. We thank Mark Meremonte, Glenda Besana-Ostman, David Copeland, Michael Gilliam and Scott Cartwright for their maintenance of PVSN stations and data acquisition systems. We thank Art McGarr and an anonymous reviewer of this paper for their helpful and constructive comments. The reports prepared under contract to Reclamation cited in this paper, as well as annual PVSN seismicity reports, are available at the PVU project website: http://www.usbr.gov/uc/wcao/progact/paradox. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 200 IS 1 BP 322 EP 336 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu394 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC0QU UT WOS:000350041600025 ER PT J AU Santana, FE Swaisgood, RR Lemm, JM Fisher, RN Clark, RW AF Santana, Frank E. Swaisgood, Ronald R. Lemm, Jeffrey M. Fisher, Robert N. Clark, Rulon W. TI Chilled frogs are hot: hibernation and reproduction of the Endangered mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; FEMALE MATE CHOICE; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL; AUDITORY MIDBRAIN; CALLING BEHAVIOR; STATE INFLUENCES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; MATING SUCCESS; ANIMAL-WELFARE; BODY CONDITION AB In the face of the sixth great extinction crisis, it is imperative to establish effective breeding protocols for amphibian conservation breeding programs. Captive efforts should not proceed by trial and error, nor should they jump prematurely to assisted reproduction techniques, which can be invasive, difficult, costly, and, at times, counterproductive. Instead, conservation practitioners should first look to nature for guidance, and replicate key conditions found in nature in the captive environment, according to the ecological and behavioral requirements of the species. We tested the effect of a natural hibernation regime on reproductive behaviors and body condition in the Endangered mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa. Hibernation had a clear positive effect on reproductive behavior, manifesting in vocal advertisement signaling, female receptivity, amplexus, and oviposition. These behaviors are critical components of courtship that lead to successful reproduction. Our main finding was that captive R. muscosa require a hibernation period for successful reproduction, as only hibernated females produced eggs and only hibernated males successfully fertilized eggs. Although hibernation also resulted in a reduced body condition, the reduction appeared to be minimal with no associated mortality. The importance of hibernation for reproduction is not surprising, since it is a major component of the conditions that R. muscosa experiences in the wild. Other amphibian conservation breeding programs can also benefit from a scientific approach that tests the effect of natural ecological conditions on reproduction. This will ensure that captive colonies maximize their role in providing genetic reservoirs for assurance and reintroduction efforts. C1 [Santana, Frank E.; Swaisgood, Ronald R.; Lemm, Jeffrey M.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Santana, Frank E.; Clark, Rulon W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Swaisgood, RR (reprint author), San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. EM rswaisgood@sandiegozoo.org FU United States Forest Service [09-CS-11051200-024]; Conservation Endowment Fund of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums; San Diego Zoo Global FX We thank Adam Backlin and Elizabeth Gallegos for their insight and advice in the development of this research, as well as Shannon Hoss, Matthew Barbour, and Tina Tran from the Clark Lab at San Diego State University for their support with data analyses and interpretation. Dr. Matt Anderson and Jennifer Keating provided assistance with the auditory aspects of this research. Peter Gilson, Colleen Wisinski, and Alan Lieberman assisted with behavioral observations. We also thank the 3 anonymous reviewers of this manuscript who provided valuable constructive criticism and feedback. This research was funded by grants from the United States Forest Service agreement number 09-CS-11051200-024 and amendments, the Conservation Endowment Fund of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, and by San Diego Zoo Global. All research was conducted under the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee no. 10-002 at the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, USFWS recovery permit no. TE-045994, and DFG Scientific Collecting Permit no. 11398. This is contribution 466 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.3354/esr00648 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CC0AK UT WOS:000349996800004 ER PT J AU Herrmann, M Najjar, RG Kemp, WM Alexander, RB Boyer, EW Cai, WJ Griffith, PC Kroeger, KD McCallister, SL Smith, RA AF Herrmann, Maria Najjar, Raymond G. Kemp, W. Michael Alexander, Richard B. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Cai, Wei-Jun Griffith, Peter C. Kroeger, Kevin D. McCallister, S. Leigh Smith, Richard A. TI Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE coastal carbon cycle; estuarine net ecosystem production; estuarine net community production; estuarine metabolism; total organic carbon; coastal carbon synthesis ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPE; WATER HUDSON RIVER; SALT-MARSH; BRACKISH MARSHES; TIDAL EXCHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PLAIN ESTUARY; C/N RATIOS; PHOSPHORUS AB Net ecosystem production (NEP) and the overall organic carbon budget for the estuaries along the East Coast of the United States are estimated. We focus on the open estuarine waters, excluding the fringing wetlands. We developed empirical models relating NEP to loading ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total organic carbon, and carbon burial in the sediment to estuarine water residence time and total nitrogen input across the landward boundary. Output from a data-constrained water quality model was used to estimate inputs of total nitrogen and organic carbon to the estuaries across the landward boundary, including fluvial and tidal-wetland sources. Organic carbon export from the estuaries to the continental shelf was computed by difference, assuming steady state. Uncertainties in the budget were estimated by allowing uncertainties in the supporting model relations. Collectively, U.S. East Coast estuaries are net heterotrophic, with the area-integrated NEP of -1.5 (-2.8, -1.0)TgCyr(-1) (best estimate and 95% confidence interval) and area-normalized NEP of -3.2 (-6.1, -2.3)molCm(-2)yr(-1). East Coast estuaries serve as a source of organic carbon to the shelf, exporting 3.4 (2.0, 4.3)TgCyr(-1) or 7.6 (4.4, 9.5)molCm(-2)yr(-1). Organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal-wetland sources for the region are estimated at 5.4 (4.6, 6.5)TgCyr(-1) or 12 (10, 14)molCm(-2)yr(-1) and carbon burial in the open estuarine waters at 0.50 (0.33, 0.78)TgCyr(-1) or 1.1 (0.73, 1.7)molCm(-2)yr(-1). Our results highlight the importance of estuarine systems in the overall coastal budget of organic carbon, suggesting that in the aggregate, U.S. East Coast estuaries assimilate (via respiration and burial) similar to 40% of organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal-wetland sources and allow similar to 60% to be exported to the shelf. C1 [Herrmann, Maria; Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kemp, W. Michael] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Alexander, Richard B.; Smith, Richard A.] USGS, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Griffith, Peter C.] Sigma Space NASA GSFC, Carbon Cycle & Ecosyst Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kroeger, Kevin D.] Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, USGS, Woods Hole, MA USA. [McCallister, S. Leigh] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Herrmann, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM maria.herrmann@psu.edu RI Griffith, Peter/I-1392-2016; OI Griffith, Peter/0000-0002-4267-7429; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 FU United States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Hypoxia Research Program [CHRP-NAO7NOS4780191]; National Science Foundation [CBEO-3 BERS-0618986]; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program FX The authors acknowledge NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program funding for the OCB/NACP Coastal Carbon Synthesis Activity. M. Kemp's contribution to this paper was supported by the United States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Hypoxia Research Program (CHRP-NAO7NOS4780191) and the National Science Foundation-funded Chesapeake Bay Environmental Observatory (CBEO-3 BERS-0618986). We also acknowledge constructive criticism from three anonymous reviewers, which prompted us to include a more careful treatment of tidal wetlands and to make a substantial improvement to our quantification of budget uncertainties by allowing uncertainties in the supporting model relations. All data used to produce the results of this paper can be obtained by contacting Maria Herrmann at maria.herrmann@psu.edu. NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 1 BP 96 EP 111 DI 10.1002/2013GB004736 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB8QB UT WOS:000349894600007 ER PT J AU Then, AY Hoenig, JM Hall, NG Hewitt, DA AF Then, Amy Y. Hoenig, John M. Hall, Norman G. Hewitt, David A. TI Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE Alverson and Carney; data limited; data poor situations; fish mortality; Hoenig; indirect estimators of M; Jensen; natural mortality; Pauly; prior distribution ID LIFE-HISTORY INVARIANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; GROWTH-PARAMETERS; CATCH-CURVE; TRADE-OFF; SURVIVAL; SIZE; AGE AB Many methods have been developed in the last 70 years to predict the natural mortality rate, M, of a stock based on empirical evidence from comparative life history studies. These indirect or empirical methods are used in most stock assessments to (i) obtain estimates of M in the absence of direct information, (ii) check on the reasonableness of a direct estimate of M, (iii) examine the range of plausible M estimates for the stock under consideration, and (iv) define prior distributions for Bayesian analyses. The two most cited empirical methods have appeared in the literature over 2500 times to date. Despite the importance of these methods, there is no consensus in the literature on how well these methods work in terms of prediction error or how their performance may be ranked. We evaluate estimators based on various combinations of maximum age (t(max)), growth parameters, and water temperature by seeing how well they reproduce >200 independent, direct estimates of M. We use tenfold cross-validation to estimate the prediction error of the estimators and to rank their performance. With updated and carefully reviewed data, we conclude that a t(max)-based estimator performs the best among all estimators evaluated. The t(max)-based estimators in turn perform better than the Alverson-Carney method based on t(max) and the von Bertalanffy K coefficient, Pauly's method based on growth parameters and water temperature and methods based just on K. It is possible to combine two independent methods by computing a weighted mean but the improvement over the t(max)-based methods is slight. Based on cross-validation prediction error, model residual patterns, model parsimony, and biological considerations, we recommend the use of a t(max)-based estimator (M = 4.899t(max)(-0.916), prediction error = 0.32) when possible and a growth-based method (M = 4.118K(0.73)L(infinity)(-0.33), prediction error = 0.6) otherwise. C1 [Then, Amy Y.; Hoenig, John M.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Then, Amy Y.] Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Fac Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Hall, Norman G.] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Hall, Norman G.] Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, Dept Fisheries, Perth, WA 6920, Australia. [Hewitt, David A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR USA. RP Then, AY (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM amythen79@gmail.com OI Hewitt, David/0000-0002-5387-0275 FU NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Grant; Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education-University of Malaya FX We thank Brooke Lowman, So-Jung Youn, Johnathan D. Maxey, Robert C. Harris, and Dan Joseph for the many hours of compilation of articles and help in extracting information, Alex Hesp and Matt Smith for helpful discussion, and the VIMS librarians for assistance in locating obscure journal articles. Comments from Alec MacCall and another reviewer helped improve this manuscript. This study was funded by an NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Grant awarded to the Southeast Fisheries Science Center and by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education-University of Malaya scholarship awarded to AT. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This paper is Contribution No. 3384 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu136 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200009 ER PT J AU Ji, L Wylie, BK Brown, DRN Peterson, B Alexander, HD Mack, MC Rover, J Waldrop, MP McFarland, JW Chen, XX Pastick, NJ AF Ji, Lei Wylie, Bruce K. Brown, Dana R. N. Peterson, Birgit Alexander, Heather D. Mack, Michelle C. Rover, Jennifer Waldrop, Mark P. McFarland, Jack W. Chen, Xuexia Pastick, Neal J. TI Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; INTERIOR ALASKA; FEATURES; NDWI AB Quantification of aboveground biomass (AGB) in Alaska's boreal forest is essential to the accurate evaluation of terrestrial carbon stocks and dynamics in northern high-latitude ecosystems. Our goal was to map AGB at 30 m resolution for the boreal forest in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska using Landsat data and ground measurements. We acquired Landsat images to generate a 3-year (2008-2010) composite of top-of-atmosphere reflectance for six bands as well as the brightness temperature (BT). We constructed a multiple regression model using field-observed AGB and Landsat-derived reflectance, BT, and vegetation indices. A basin-wide boreal forest AGB map at 30 m resolution was generated by applying the regression model to the Landsat composite. The fivefold cross-validation with field measurements had a mean absolute error (MAE) of 25.7 Mg ha(-1) (relative MAE 47.5%) and a mean bias error (MBE) of 4.3 Mg ha(-1) (relative MBE 7.9%). The boreal forest AGB product was compared with lidar-based vegetation height data; the comparison indicated that there was a significant correlation between the two data sets. C1 [Ji, Lei; Peterson, Birgit] US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Rover, Jennifer] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Brown, Dana R. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Brown, Dana R. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Alexander, Heather D.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Biol Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Mack, Michelle C.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.; McFarland, Jack W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chen, Xuexia] Sigma Space Corp, VIIRS Characterizat Support Team VCST, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Pastick, Neal J.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov OI Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU US Geological Survey; USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX This study was funded by the US Geological Survey Climate Effects Network, Land Change Science, LandCarbon, and Global Change Research & Development Programmes. The work by L. Ji and B. Peterson was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. The work by N. Pastick was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 4 BP 939 EP 953 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1004764 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CB9XN UT WOS:000349987700001 ER PT J AU Batson, J Noe, GB Hupp, CR Krauss, KW Rybicki, NB Schenk, ER AF Batson, Jackie Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. Krauss, Ken W. Rybicki, Nancy B. Schenk, Edward R. TI Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon; greenhouse gases; floodplain; riparian; geomorphology; hydrologic connectivity ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; METHANE EMISSIONS; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CH4 EMISSIONS; NITROUS-OXIDE; FOREST STANDS AB Understanding the controls on floodplain carbon (C) cycling is important for assessing greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for C sequestration in river-floodplain ecosystems. We hypothesized that greater hydrologic connectivity would increase C inputs to floodplains that would not only stimulate soil C gas emissions but also sequester more C in soils. In an urban Piedmont river (151km(2) watershed) with a floodplain that is dry most of the year, we quantified soil CO2, CH4, and N2O net emissions along gradients of floodplain hydrologic connectivity, identified controls on soil aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and developed a floodplain soil C budget. Sites were chosen along a longitudinal river gradient and across lateral floodplain geomorphic units (levee, backswamp, and toe slope). CO2 emissions decreased downstream in backswamps and toe slopes and were high on the levees. CH4 and N2O fluxes were near zero; however, CH4 emissions were highest in the backswamp. Annual CO2 emissions correlated negatively with soil water-filled pore space and positively with variables related to drier, coarser soil. Conversely, annual CH4 emissions had the opposite pattern of CO2. Spatial variation in aerobic and anaerobic respiration was thus controlled by oxygen availability but was not related to C inputs from sedimentation or vegetation. The annual mean soil CO2 emission rate was 1091gCm(-2)yr(-1), the net sedimentation rate was 111gCm(-2)yr(-1), and the vegetation production rate was 240gCm(-2)yr(-1), with a soil C balance (loss) of -338gCm(-2)yr(-1). This floodplain is losing C likely due to long-term drying from watershed urbanization. C1 [Batson, Jackie; Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Rybicki, Nancy B.; Schenk, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646; Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU USGS National Research Program; USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analyses Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX Data from this study are available from Gregory B. Noe upon request. Support for this project was provided by the USGS National Research Program, USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science Program, USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analyses Program, and USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. We thank Rebecca F. Moss for conducting laboratory analyses on the GC; Krystal Bealing, Sarah Ulrich, Andrew Kunz, Sydney Salley, Adam Benthem, Alice Besterman, and Scott Ensign for assistance in the field; and the reviewers of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 14 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 77 EP 95 DI 10.1002/2014JG002817 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CB8RS UT WOS:000349899200007 ER PT J AU Guannel, G Ruggiero, P Faries, J Arkema, K Pinsky, M Gelfenbaum, G Guerry, A Kim, CK AF Guannel, Greg Ruggiero, Peter Faries, Joe Arkema, Katie Pinsky, Malin Gelfenbaum, Guy Guerry, Anne Kim, Choong-Ki TI Integrated modeling framework to quantify the coastal protection services supplied by vegetation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE coastal vegetation; wave setup and runup; coastal erosion; mud bed scour ID POSIDONIA-OCEANICA MEADOW; WAVE ATTENUATION; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; RANDOM BREAKING; BARRED BEACHES; SEAGRASS; EROSION; SETUP; PARAMETERIZATION AB Vegetation can protect communities by reducing nearshore wave height and altering sediment transport processes. However, quantitative approaches for evaluating the coastal protection services, or benefits, supplied by vegetation to people in a wide range of coastal environments are lacking. To begin to fill this knowledge gap, we propose an integrated modeling approach for quantifying how vegetation modifies nearshore processesincluding the attenuation of wave height, mean and total water leveland reduces shoreline erosion during storms. We apply the model to idealized seagrass-sand and mangrove-mud cases, and illustrate its potential by quantifying how those habitats reduce water levels and sediment loss beyond what would be observed in the absence of vegetation. The integrated modeling approach provides an efficient way to quantify the coastal protection services supplied by vegetation and highlights specific research needs for improved representations of the ways in which vegetation modifies wave-induced processes. C1 [Guannel, Greg; Faries, Joe; Arkema, Katie; Guerry, Anne] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pinsky, Malin] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Kim, Choong-Ki] Korea Res Inst Ships & Ocean Engn, Maritime Safety Res Div, Taejon, South Korea. RP Guannel, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gguannel@stanford.edu RI Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015; OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU Moore Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11OAR4310136, NA08OAR4310693, NA12OAR4310109] FX This research was funded in part by the Moore Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through their grant NA11OAR4310136. P. Ruggiero was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through their grant NA08OAR4310693 and NA12OAR4310109. We would like to thank B. Gonzalez Reguero and J. Weitzman for their helpful comments during the preparation of the manuscript, and J. Silver for her help creating figures. We also would like to thank M. Papenfus, M. Ruckelshaus, J. Toft, as well as G. Verutes and Q. Yi, from the Natural Capital Project, who provided helpful comments during the creation of the framework. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to greatly improve the content and quality of the manuscript. Readers interested in the integrated framework code described in this paper can contact the corresponding author at gguannel@stanford.edu or greg.guannel@gmail.com. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 324 EP 345 DI 10.1002/2014JC009821 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CB8OP UT WOS:000349890000020 ER PT J AU DeWeber, JT Wagner, T AF DeWeber, Jefferson T. Wagner, Tyler TI Predicting Brook Trout Occurrence in Stream Reaches throughout their Native Range in the Eastern United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; LAND-COVER; APPALACHIAN TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; MIXED MODELS; HABITAT; SCALE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis is an important species of conservation concern in the eastern USA. We developed a model to predict Brook Trout population status within individual stream reaches throughout the species' native range in the eastern USA. We utilized hierarchical logistic regression with Bayesian estimation to predict Brook Trout occurrence probability, and we allowed slopes and intercepts to vary among ecological drainage units (EDUs). Model performance was similar for 7,327 training samples and 1,832 validation samples based on the area under the receiver operating curve (similar to 0.78) and Cohen's kappa statistic (0.44). Predicted water temperature had a strong negative effect on Brook Trout occurrence probability at the stream reach scale and was also negatively associated with the EDU average probability of Brook Trout occurrence (i.e., EDU-specific intercepts). The effect of soil permeability was positive but decreased as EDU mean soil permeability increased. Brook Trout were less likely to occur in stream reaches surrounded by agricultural or developed land cover, and an interaction suggested that agricultural land cover also resulted in an increased sensitivity to water temperature. Our model provides a further understanding of how Brook Trout are shaped by habitat characteristics in the region and yields maps of stream-reach-scale predictions, which together can be used to support ongoing conservation and management efforts. These decision support tools can be used to identify the extent of potentially suitable habitat, estimate historic habitat losses, and prioritize conservation efforts by selecting suitable stream reaches for a given action. Future work could extend the model to account for additional landscape or habitat characteristics, include biotic interactions, or estimate potential Brook Trout responses to climate and land use changes. C1 [DeWeber, Jefferson T.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP DeWeber, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 419 Forest Resources Bldg,Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jtdeweber@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank Steve Midway for compiling the fish sampling data set; Dana Infante and D. Wieferi for providing landscape attribute data; and all members of the Fish Habitat, Climate, and Land Use Change Project group for support and ideas that led to this paper. Ben Letcher and one anonymous reviewer provided comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We sincerely thank the following agencies for generously providing fish sampling data: Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game, New Hampshire Game and Fish Department, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, and several states that provided data through the MARIS website. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.963256 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600002 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Flowers, HJ Hightower, JE AF Smith, Joseph A. Flowers, H. Jared Hightower, Joseph E. TI Fall Spawning of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; GULF STURGEON; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SUWANNEE RIVER; HISTORY; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; AMERICA; HABITAT AB In 2012, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) declared Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus to be threatened or endangered throughout its range in U.S. waters. Restoration of the subspecies will require much new information, particularly on the location and timing of spawning. We used a combination of acoustic telemetry and sampling with anchored artificial substrates (spawning pads) to detect fall (September-November) spawning in the Roanoke River in North Carolina. This population is included in the Carolina Distinct Population Segment, which was classified by NOAA as endangered. Sampling was done immediately below the first shoals encountered by anadromous fishes, near Weldon. Our collection of 38 eggs during the 21 d that spawning pads were deployed appears to be the first such collection (spring or fall) for wild-spawned Atlantic Sturgeon eggs. Based on egg development stages, estimated spawning dates were September 17-18 and 18-19 at water temperatures from 25.3 degrees C to 24.3 degrees C and river discharge from 55 to 297 m(3)/s. These observations about fall spawning and habitat use should aid in protecting critical habitats and planning research on Atlantic Sturgeon spawning in other rivers. C1 [Smith, Joseph A.; Flowers, H. Jared] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu FU IACUC [13-037-O]; NOAA Fisheries [16375-01] FX We thank the staff of state and federal agencies, including the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and NCDMF, who provided assistance in collecting and tagging adult Atlantic Sturgeon. We thank Dewayne Fox at Delaware State University for reviewing previous versions of this manuscript, and technicians Kyle Hussey and Lindsey Campbell for field assistance. This study was performed under the auspices of IACUC permit 13-037-O and federal scientific research permit (NOAA Fisheries) 16375-01. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.965344 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600005 ER PT J AU Pierce, R Podner, C Jones, L AF Pierce, Ron Podner, Craig Jones, Leslie TI Long-Term Increases in Trout Abundance following Channel Reconstruction, Instream Wood Placement, and Livestock Removal from a Spring Creek in the Blackfoot Basin, Montana SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATSKILL MOUNTAIN STREAMS; HABITAT MANIPULATION; DESIGN RESTORATION; COLORADO STREAMS; RIVER-BASIN; 2 DECADES; NEW-YORK; POPULATIONS; WILD; STABILITY AB To restore habitat for wild trout, Kleinschmidt Creek, a low-gradient, groundwater-dominated stream in the Blackfoot Basin, Montana, was reconstructed using natural channel design principles. Reconstruction increased stream sinuosity from a ratio of 1.1 to 1.6, decreased mean channel width from 14.5 to 2.8 m, and increased sediment transport capacity to reduce accumulations of fine instream sediment. To further improve trout habitat, coarse woody debris (CWD) was variably placed within the new channel and livestock were excluded to promote the vegetative recovery of the riparian area. To evaluate the response of wild trout (92% Brown Trout Salmo trutta) to channel restoration, the abundance (number of trout per linear meter) and biomass (g/linear m) of age 1+ trout were monitored for 15 years (1998-2012) in a reach with low density CWD (1.3 stems/100 m) and compared with regional (reference) trends. Posttreatment (2002-2012) trout numbers in the low-density CWD reach were also compared with those in a reach with high-density CWD (18.2 stems/100 m). Long-term trends for the reference reaches showed a significant negative trend in trout abundance and no significant trend for biomass. Long-term trends for the low-density CWD reach showed a significant positive trend in abundance, as well as a significant trend in biomass. Trout abundance and biomass increased over the posttreatment period in the low-density CWD reach. However, in the high density CWD reach, while posttreatment abundance increased significantly, there was no significant trend in biomass. These results demonstrated that channel restoration increased wild trout populations in a deep, narrow, vegetated stream and that instream wood provided primarily short-term benefits during the early phase of habitat recovery. C1 [Pierce, Ron; Podner, Craig] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Jones, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Jones, Leslie] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pierce, R (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. EM rpierce@mt.gov FU Montana Department of Transportation; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Future Fisheries Program; Northwest Energy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife; Big Blackfoot Chapter of Trout Unlimited FX Montana Department of Transportation provided major funding for channel reconstruction as well as the conservation easement. The landowners deserve special thanks for engaging in restoration actions. Land and Water Consulting oversaw the majority of channel construction. Dave Rosgen provided field review and critique in 2001, which led to the wood-related aspect of the study and other design considerations. The Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Future Fisheries Program, Northwest Energy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife, and Big Blackfoot Chapter of Trout Unlimited all provided funding and/or technical support. Rich Thumma was the primary equipment operator on the project. Fisheries technicians Michael Davidson, Ryen Neudecker, Jim McFee, and Winston Morton all helped monitor fish populations. Darcie Geenen, Robert Al-Chockhachy, and Dave Rosgen all provided input on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 184 EP 195 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.982261 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600017 ER PT J AU Vatland, SJ Gresswell, RE Poole, GC AF Vatland, Shane J. Gresswell, Robert E. Poole, Geoffrey C. TI Quantifying stream thermal regimes at multiple scales: Combining thermal infrared imagery and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stream temperature; thermal infrared; TIR; stream thermal regime; stream temperature model; spatial variation ID WATER TEMPERATURE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER SYSTEM; PATTERNS; HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION; SENSITIVITY; WISCONSIN AB Accurately quantifying stream thermal regimes can be challenging because stream temperatures are often spatially and temporally heterogeneous. In this study, we present a novel modeling framework that combines stream temperature data sets that are continuous in either space or time. Specifically, we merged the fine spatial resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) imagery with hourly data from 10 stationary temperature loggers in a 100 km portion of the Big Hole River, MT, USA. This combination allowed us to estimate summer thermal conditions at a relatively fine spatial resolution (every approximate to 100 m of stream length) over a large extent of stream (approximate to 100 km of stream) during the warmest part of the summer. Rigorous evaluation, including internal validation, external validation with spatially continuous instream temperature measurements collected from a Langrangian frame of reference, and sensitivity analyses, suggests the model was capable of accurately estimating longitudinal patterns in summer stream temperatures for this system (validation RMSEs<1 degrees C). Results revealed considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in summer stream temperatures and highlighted the value of assessing thermal regimes at relatively fine spatial and temporal scales. Preserving spatial and temporal variability and structure in abiotic stream data provides a critical foundation for understanding the dynamic, multiscale habitat needs of mobile stream organisms. Similarly, enhanced understanding of spatial and temporal variation in dynamic water quality attributes, including temporal sequence and spatial arrangement, can guide strategic placement of monitoring equipment that will subsequently capture variation in environmental conditions directly pertinent to research and management objectives. C1 [Vatland, Shane J.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Vatland, Shane J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Vatland, Shane J.; Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.] Montana State Univ, Montana Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Vatland, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM svatland@gmail.com OI Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203 FU Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; U.S. Geological Survey; Big Hole Watershed Committee; Montana Water Center-Wild Fish Habitat Initiative; Arctic Grayling Recovery Program; Montana Trout Unlimited; Montana Institute on Ecosystems; Montana Water Center FX We would like to thank B. Griffis, D. D'Alfonso, N. Peterson, E. R. Sedell, and K. M. Homel for assistance in collecting field data and developing field techniques. Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks assisted in securing funding and provided in-kind support in acquiring and organizing field data. J. L. Kershner and W. F. Cross reviewed and improved prior drafts of this manuscript. Funding to support this project was provided by U.S. Geological Survey, Big Hole Watershed Committee, Montana Water Center-Wild Fish Habitat Initiative, Arctic Grayling Recovery Program, and Montana Trout Unlimited. Graduate student fellowships from the Montana Institute on Ecosystems and Montana Water Center partially supported the analysis of these data. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All data are available by emailing the corresponding author. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1002/2014WR015588 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CB8OO UT WOS:000349889800002 ER PT J AU Czuba, JA Straub, TD Curran, CA Landers, MN Domanski, MM AF Czuba, Jonathan A. Straub, Timothy D. Curran, Christopher A. Landers, Mark N. Domanski, Marian M. TI Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LISST-SL; suspended-sediment concentration; particle-size distribution; effective density; laser diffraction; flocculation ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIGITAL FLOC CAMERA; SETTLING VELOCITY; LISST-100; DENSITY; INSTRUMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON; SHAPE AB Laser-diffraction technology, recently adapted for in-stream measurement of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and particle-size distributions (PSDs), was tested with a streamlined (SL), isokinetic version of the Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) for measuring volumetric SSCs and PSDs ranging from 1.8 to 415 m in 32 log-spaced size classes. Measured SSCs and PSDs from the LISST-SL were compared to a suite of 22 data sets (262 samples in all) of concurrent suspended-sediment and streamflow measurements using a physical sampler and acoustic Doppler current profiler collected during 2010-2012 at 16 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Illinois and Washington (basin areas: 38-69,264 km(2)). An unrealistically low computed effective density (mass SSC/volumetric SSC) of 1.24 g/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.45 g/mL) provided the best-fit value (R-2=0.95; RMSE=143 mg/L) for converting volumetric SSC to mass SSC for over two orders of magnitude of SSC (12-2,170 mg/L; covering a substantial range of SSC that can be measured by the LISST-SL) despite being substantially lower than the sediment particle density of 2.67 g/mL (range: 2.56-2.87 g/mL, 23 samples). The PSDs measured by the LISST-SL were in good agreement with those derived from physical samples over the LISST-SL's measureable size range. Technical and operational limitations of the LISST-SL are provided to facilitate the collection of more accurate data in the future. Additionally, the spatial and temporal variability of SSC and PSD measured by the LISST-SL is briefly described to motivate its potential for advancing our understanding of suspended-sediment transport by rivers. C1 [Czuba, Jonathan A.; Curran, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [Straub, Timothy D.; Domanski, Marian M.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL USA. [Landers, Mark N.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA USA. RP Czuba, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Environm & Geoengn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM czuba004@umn.edu OI Landers, Mark/0000-0002-3014-0480 FU Federal Interagency Sedimentation Program (FISP) FX This work was largely funded by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Program (FISP). The Cowlitz River near Castle Rock, WA, data set was collected as part of the USGS training course, "Sediment Data-Collection Techniques." We sincerely thank John Gray (USGS), Yogi Agrawal (Sequoia Scientific, Inc.), Steve Andrews (Resource Management Associates), and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments which helped improve the presentation of our work. We also thank the Editor (Graham Sander) and Associate Editor (anonymous) for an efficient and constructive review process. The data composing Figures 3, 5, and 6 are available as supporting information. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 320 EP 340 DI 10.1002/2014WR015697 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CB8OO UT WOS:000349889800018 ER PT J AU Bowen, ZH Oelsner, GP Cade, BS Gallegos, TJ Farag, AM Mott, DN Potter, CJ Cinotto, PJ Clark, ML Kappel, WM Kresse, TM Melcher, CP Paschke, SS Susong, DD Varela, BA AF Bowen, Zachary H. Oelsner, Gretchen P. Cade, Brian S. Gallegos, Tanya J. Farag, Aida M. Mott, David N. Potter, Christopher J. Cinotto, Peter J. Clark, Melanie L. Kappel, William M. Kresse, Timothy M. Melcher, Cynthia P. Paschke, Suzanne S. Susong, David D. Varela, Brian A. TI Assessment of surface water chloride and conductivity trends in areas of unconventional oil and gas development-Why existing national data sets cannot tell us what we would like to know SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE continuous resources; hydraulic fracturing; water resource management; water-quality monitoring ID METHANE CONTAMINATION; REGRESSION QUANTILES; PENNSYLVANIA; MARCELLUS; QUALITY; IDENTIFY; IMPACTS; WELLS AB Heightened concern regarding the potential effects of unconventional oil and gas development on regional water quality has emerged, but the few studies on this topic are limited in geographic scope. Here we evaluate the potential utility of national and publicly available water-quality data sets for addressing questions regarding unconventional oil and gas development. We used existing U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data sets to increase understanding of the spatial distribution of unconventional oil and gas development in the U.S. and broadly assess surface water quality trends in these areas. Based on sample size limitations, we were able to estimate trends in specific conductance (SC) and chloride (Cl-) from 1970 to 2010 in 16% (n=155) of the watersheds with unconventional oil and gas resources. We assessed these trends relative to spatiotemporal distributions of hydraulically fractured wells. Results from this limited analysis suggest no consistent and widespread trends in surface water quality for SC and Cl- in areas with increasing unconventional oil and gas development and highlight limitations of existing national databases for addressing questions regarding unconventional oil and gas development and water quality. C1 [Bowen, Zachary H.; Cade, Brian S.; Melcher, Cynthia P.] US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Dynam Branch, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Oelsner, Gretchen P.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Water Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Gallegos, Tanya J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Farag, Aida M.] US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson, WY USA. [Mott, David N.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Potter, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Cinotto, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. [Clark, Melanie L.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Water Sci Ctr, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Kappel, William M.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. [Kresse, Timothy M.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. [Paschke, Suzanne S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, West Valley City, UT USA. [Varela, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bowen, ZH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Dynam Branch, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bowenz@usgs.gov FU USGS, John Wesley Powell Center FX All water-quality data used are publicly available through the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System Database (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) and Environmental Protection Agency STORET Database (http://www.epa.gov/storet/). Proprietary IHS well-history data are available to the USGS through a contract that allows USGS to display aggregated well information on generalized maps. These data are summarized in Gallegos and Varela [2015a, 2015b]. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Gary Rowe, Jeff Deacon, and Denise Argue with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment Program provided invaluable assistance in compiling data retrievals from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System Database and Environmental Protection Agency STORET Database. Travis Schmidt, USGS, Colorado Water Science Center, reviewed statistical analyses and Roger Koenker, University of Illinois, provided assistance with censored quantile regression code. Robert Jackson, Duke University, and Timothy Oden, USGS, Texas Water Science Center, contributed to the development of the research design for the study. Reviews by Robert Hirsch, USGS, Water Resources Discipline and Ronald Charpentier, USGS, Energy Resources Program, along with two anonymous reviews, greatly improved the manuscript. The USGS, John Wesley Powell Center provided the funds and tools to bring the Regional Experts together to define and execute this massive data mining and analysis exercise. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 704 EP 715 DI 10.1002/2014WR016382 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CB8OO UT WOS:000349889800039 ER PT J AU Schmidtlein, MC Wood, NJ AF Schmidtlein, Mathew C. Wood, Nathan J. TI Sensitivity of tsunami evacuation modeling to direction and land cover assumptions SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Least cost distance; Evacuation; Model sensitivity; Tsunami; Anisotropy ID HAZARDS AB Although anisotropic least-cost-distance (LCD) modeling is becoming a common tool for estimating pedestrian-evacuation travel times out of tsunami hazard zones, there has been insufficient attention paid to understanding model sensitivity behind the estimates. To support tsunami risk-reduction planning, we explore two aspects of LCD modeling as it applies to pedestrian evacuations and use the coastal community of Seward, Alaska, as our case study. First, we explore the sensitivity of modeling to the direction of movement by comparing standard safety-to-hazard evacuation times to hazard-to-safety evacuation times for a sample of 3985 points in Seward's tsunami-hazard zone. Safety-to-hazard evacuation times slightly overestimated hazard-to-safety evacuation times but the strong relationship to the hazard-to-safety evacuation times, slightly conservative bias, and shorter processing times of the safety-to-hazard approach make it the preferred approach. Second, we explore how variations in land cover speed conservation values (SCVs) influence model performance using a Monte Carlo approach with one thousand sets of land cover SCVs. The LCD model was relatively robust to changes in land cover SCVs with the magnitude of local model sensitivity greatest in areas with higher evacuation times or with wetland or shore land cover types, where model results may slightly underestimate travel times. This study demonstrates that emergency managers should be concerned not only with populations in locations with evacuation times greater than wave arrival times, but also with populations with evacuation times lower than but close to expected wave arrival times, particularly if they are required to cross wetlands or beaches. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmidtlein, Mathew C.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Schmidtlein, MC (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geog, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM schmidtlein@csus.edu; nwood@usgs.gov OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 56 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA CB4DP UT WOS:000349578700017 ER PT J AU Li, SY Zhu, JP Wang, GX Ni, LX Zhang, Y Green, CT AF Li, Shiyin Zhu, Jiangpeng Wang, Guoxiang Ni, Lixiao Zhang, Yong Green, Christopher T. TI Rapid Removal of Nitrobenzene in a Three-Phase Ozone Loaded System with Gas-Liquid-Liquid SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Nitrobenzene; Ozonation; Perfluorodecalin; Removal; Three-phase ID PERFLUORINATED SOLVENT; ADVANCED OXIDATION; BLOOD SUBSTITUTES; WASTE-WATER; OZONATION; DEGRADATION; ACID; PERFLUORODECALIN; DESTRUCTION; ORGANICS AB This study explores the removal rate of nitrobenzene (NB) using a new gas-liquid-liquid (G-L-L) three-phase ozone-loaded system consisting of a gaseous ozone, an aqueous solvent phase, and a fluorinated solvent phase (perfluorodecalin, or FDC). The removal rate of NB was quantified in relation to six factors including (1) initial pH, (2) initial NB dosage, (3) gaseous ozone dosage, (4) free radical scavenger, (5) FDC pre-aerated gaseous ozone, and (6) reuse of FDC. NB removal rate is positively affected by the first three of these factors. Compared with the conventional gas-liquid (water) (G-L) two-phase ozonation system, the free radical scavenger (tertiary butyl alcohol) has much less influence on the removal rate of NB in the G-L-L system. The FDC-loaded ozone acts as an ozone reservoir and serves as the main reactive phase in the G-L-L three-phase system. The reuse of FDC has little influence on the removal rate of NB. These experimental results suggest that the oxidation efficiency of ozonation in the G-L-L three-phase system is better than that in the conventional G-L two-phase system. C1 [Li, Shiyin; Zhu, Jiangpeng; Wang, Guoxiang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ni, Lixiao] Hohai Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yong] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Li, SY (reprint author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lishiyin@njnu.edu.cn FU Major Project of the National Water Pollution Control [2012ZX07101-008]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41373111]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX This work was jointly supported by the Major Project of the National Water Pollution Control (2012ZX07101-008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41373111), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 EI 1563-5201 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2015 VL 202 IS 6 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1080/00986445.2013.867259 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CB3IX UT WOS:000349522500010 ER PT J AU Washburn, KE Anderssen, E Vogt, SJ Seymour, JD Birdwell, JE Kirkland, CM Codd, SL AF Washburn, Kathryn E. Anderssen, Endre Vogt, Sarah J. Seymour, Joseph D. Birdwell, Justin E. Kirkland, Catherine M. Codd, Sarah L. TI Simultaneous Gaussian and exponential inversion for improved analysis of shales by NMR relaxometry SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; Shale; Organic matter; Inverse Laplace transform ID OIL-SHALE; H-1-NMR RELAXATION; SPECTROSCOPY; BITUMEN; WATER; KEROGEN; ROCK; CPMG; FAT AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry is commonly used to provide lithology-independent porosity and pore-size estimates for petroleum resource evaluation based on fluid-phase signals. However in shales, substantial hydrogen content is associated with solid and fluid signals and both may be detected. Depending on the motional regime, the signal from the solids may be best described using either exponential or Gaussian decay functions. When the inverse Laplace transform, the standard method for analysis of NMR relaxometry results, is applied to data containing Gaussian decays, this can lead to physically unrealistic responses such as signal or porosity overcall and relaxation times that are too short to be determined using the applied instrument settings. We apply a new simultaneous Gaussian-Exponential (SGE) inversion method to simulated data and measured results obtained on a variety of oil shale samples. The SGE inversion produces more physically realistic results than the inverse Laplace transform and displays more consistent relaxation behavior at high magnetic field strengths. Residuals for the SGE inversion are consistently lower than for the inverse Laplace method and signal overcall at short T-2 times is mitigated. Beyond geological samples, the method can also be applied in other fields where the sample relaxation consists of both Gaussian and exponential decays, for example in material, medical and food sciences. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Washburn, Kathryn E.] Ingrain Inc, Houston, TX 77027 USA. [Anderssen, Endre] Univ Tromso, Inst Clin Med, Lab Mol Med Res, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Anderssen, Endre] Weatherford Int, Houston, TX USA. [Vogt, Sarah J.; Seymour, Joseph D.; Kirkland, Catherine M.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Vogt, Sarah J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Codd, Sarah L.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Washburn, KE (reprint author), Ingrain Inc, 3733 Westheimer Rd, Houston, TX 77027 USA. EM washburn@ingrainrocks.com RI Seymour, Joseph/E-8518-2012; Vogt, Sarah/H-1079-2013; OI Seymour, Joseph/0000-0003-4264-5416; Vogt, Sarah/0000-0002-9009-5183; Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU U.S. NSF MRI Program; M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust FX The authors thank Michael Lewan for sample access, William Betterton for assistance with low temperature ashing, and Kirk Feindel for helpful discussion. JDS acknowledges the U.S. NSF MRI Program and the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust for equipment funding. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 EI 1096-0856 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 250 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.10.015 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA CB4DK UT WOS:000349578200002 PM 25459882 ER PT S AU Lafferty, KD Harvell, CD Conrad, JM Friedman, CS Kent, ML Kuris, AM Powell, EN Rondeau, D Saksida, SM AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Harvell, C. Drew Conrad, Jon M. Friedman, Carolyn S. Kent, Michael L. Kuris, Armand M. Powell, Eric N. Rondeau, Daniel Saksida, Sonja M. BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Infectious Diseases Affect Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture Economics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 7 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE fish; abalone; prawns; salmon; sea lice; externality ID HEMATOPOIETIC-NECROSIS-VIRUS; SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS INFESTATIONS; ABALONE HALIOTIS-RUFESCENS; REARED SEA-BASS; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; WITHERING SYNDROME; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Seafood is a growing part of the economy, but its economic value is diminished by marine diseases. Infectious diseases are common in the ocean, and here we tabulate 67 examples that can reduce commercial species' growth and survivorship or decrease seafood quality. These impacts seem most problematic in the stressful and crowded conditions of aquaculture, which increasingly dominates seafood production as wild fishery production plateaus. For instance, marine diseases of farmed oysters, shrimp, abalone, and various fishes, particularly Atlantic salmon, cost billions of dollars each year. In comparison, it is often difficult to accurately estimate disease impacts on wild populations, especially those of pelagic and subtidal species. Farmed species often receive infectious diseases from wild species and can, in turn, export infectious agents to wild species. However, the impact of disease export on wild fisheries is controversial because there are few quantitative data demonstrating that wild species near farms suffer more from infectious diseases than those in other areas. The movement of exotic infectious agents to new areas continues to be the greatest concern. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 126 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 12 U2 119 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4507-5 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2015 VL 7 BP 471 EP 496 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015646 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BB9PY UT WOS:000348560700021 PM 25251276 ER PT J AU Schaefer, CE Towne, RM Lippincott, DR Lacombe, PJ Bishop, ME Dong, HL AF Schaefer, Charles E. Towne, Rachael M. Lippincott, David R. Lacombe, Pierre J. Bishop, Michael E. Dong, Hailiang TI Abiotic dechlorination in rock matrices impacted by long-term exposure to TCE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE TCE; Bedrock; Matrix; Diffusion; Dechlorination ID FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; TRICHLOROETHYLENE DEGRADATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; IRON SULFIDE; DIFFUSION; TRANSFORMATION; SANDSTONE; MINERALS; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; BIOAUGMENTATION AB Field and laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the abiotic reaction of trichloroethene (TCE) in sedimentary rock matrices. Hydraulically conductive fractures, and the rock directly adjacent to the hydraulically conductive fractures, within a historically contaminated TCE bedrock aquifer were used as the basis for this study. These results were compared to previous work using rock that had not been exposed to TCE (Schaefer et al., 2013) to assess the impact of long-term TCE exposure on the abiotic dechlorination reaction, as the longevity of these reactions after long-term exposure to TCE was hitherto unknown. Results showed that potential abiotic TCE degradation products, including ethane, ethene, and acetylene, were present in the conductive fractures. Using minimally disturbed slices of rock core at and near the fracture faces, laboratory testing on the rocks confirmed that abiotic dechlorination reactions between the rock matrix and TCE were occurring. Abiotic daughter products measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions were consistent with those measured in the conductive fractures, except that propane also was observed as a daughter product. TCE degradation measured in the laboratory was well described by a first order rate constant through the 118-d study. Observed bulk first-order TCE degradation rate constants within the rock matrix were 1.3 x 10(-8) s(-1). These results clearly show that abiotic dechlorination of TCE is occurring within the rock matrix, despite decades of exposure to TCE. Furthermore, these observed rates of TCE dechlorination are expected to have a substantial impact on TCE migration and uptake/release from rock matrices. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schaefer, Charles E.; Towne, Rachael M.; Lippincott, David R.] CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Lacombe, Pierre J.] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Bishop, Michael E.; Dong, Hailiang] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Schaefer, CE (reprint author), CB&I Fed Serv LLC, 17 Princess Rd, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM charles.schaefer@cbifederalservices.com FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1685] FX Support for this research was provided in part by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under Project ER-1685. We are grateful to Dr. Daniel Goode of the USGS for his comments on the paper. The authors also are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the quality of the manuscript. Views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position or decision unless so designated by other official documentation. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2015 VL 119 BP 744 EP 749 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY7KQ UT WOS:000347739600101 PM 25192648 ER PT J AU Nilsen, EB Rosenbauer, RJ Fuller, CC Jaffe, BJ AF Nilsen, Elena B. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Fuller, Christopher C. Jaffe, Bruce J. TI Sedimentary organic biomarkers suggest detrimental effects of PAHs on estuarine microbial biomass during the 20th century in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Microbial community; Fatty acid methyl ester; Biomarkers; Sediment record; Isomer ratios ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LIPID BIOMARKERS; FOOD-WEB; RECORD; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; COMMUNITY; MATTER AB Hydrocarbon contaminants are ubiquitous in Urban aquatic ecosystems, and the ability of some microbial strains to degrade certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is well established. However, detrimental effects of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination on nondegrader microbial populations and photosynthetic organisms have not often been considered. In the current study, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biomarkers in the sediment record were used to assess historical impacts of petroleum contamination on microbial and/or algal biomass in South San Francisco Bay, CA, USA. Profiles of saturated, branched, and monounsaturated fatty acids had similar concentrations and patterns downcore. Total PAHs in a sediment core were on average greater than 20x higher above 200 cm than below, which corresponds roughly to the year 1900. Isomer ratios were consistent with a predominant petroleum combustion source for PAHs. Several individual PAHs exceeded sediment quality screening values. Negative correlations between petroleum contaminants and microbial and algal biomarkers - along with high trans/cis ratios of unsaturated FA, and principle component analysis of the PAR and fatty acid records - suggest a negative impacts of petroleum contamination, appearing early in the 20th century, on microbial and/or algal ecology at the site. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nilsen, Elena B.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Jaffe, Bruce J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nilsen, EB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM enilsen@usgs.gov; brosenbauer@usgs.gov; ccfuller@usgs.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Nilsen, Elena/I-3579-2016; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Nilsen, Elena/0000-0002-0104-6321; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU USGS Mendenhall Post-doctoral Fellowship Program; Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center FX We wish to thank Clark Alexander, Liz Canuel, Brad Carkin, Jen Dougherty, Brian Edwards, Eric Grossman, Michelle Hladik, Sue Hunt, Joel Johnson, Fran Hostettler, Kathy Kuivila, Keith Kvenvolden, Angela Lamb, Tom Lorenson, Aaron Nilsen, Kevin O'Toole, Francis Parchaso, Byron Richards, Kelly Smalling, Renee Takesue, Charlene Tetlak, Mike Torresan, and Beth Waterson for laboratory support, field support and/or helpful discussions. The USGS Mendenhall Post-doctoral Fellowship Program and the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center provided major funding for this study, Any use of trade, product, or firm names in web pages, documents, or publications is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2015 VL 119 BP 961 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.053 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY7KQ UT WOS:000347739600130 PM 25303655 ER PT J AU Moseman-Valtierra, S Kroeger, KD Crusius, J Baldwin, S Green, A Brooks, TW Pugh, E AF Moseman-Valtierra, Serena Kroeger, Kevin D. Crusius, John Baldwin, Sandra Green, Adrian Brooks, T. Wallace Pugh, Emily TI Substantial nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal sediments and groundwater in anthropogenically-impacted West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Greenhouse gases; Nitrogen; Estuary; Wastewater; Denitrification; Nitrification ID N2O EMISSION; COASTAL WATERSHEDS; SALT-MARSH; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; ZONES; ESTUARIES; AQUIFERS; ATMOSPHERE; DISCHARGE AB Large N2O emissions were observed from intertidal sediments in a coastal estuary, West Falmouth Harbor, MA, USA. Average N2O emission rates from 41 chambers during summer 2008 were 10.7 mol N2O m(-2) h(-1) +/- 4.43 mu mnol N2O m(-2) h(-1) (standard error). Emissions were highest from sediments within a known wastewater plume, where a maximum N2O emission rate was 155 innol N20 II1-2 h-1. Intertidal N2O fluxes were positively related to porewater ammonium concentrations at 10 and 25 cm depths. In groundwater from 7 shoreline wells, dissolved N2O ranged from 488% of saturation (56 nM N20) to more than 13000% of saturation (1529 nM N20) and was positively related to nitrate concentrations. Fresh and brackish porewater underlying 14 chambers was also supersaturated in N2O, ranging from 2980% to 13175% of saturation. These observations support a relationship between anthropogenic nutrient loading and N2O emissions in West Falmouth Harbor, with both groundwater sources and also local N2O production within nutrient-rich, intertidal sediments in the groundwater seepage face. N2O emissions from intertidal "hotspot" in this harbor, together with estimated surface water emissions, constituted 2.4% of the average overall rate of nitrogen export from the watershed to the estuary. This suggests that N2O emissions factors from coastal ecosystems may be underestimated. Since anthropogenic nutrient loading affects estuaries worldwide, quantification of N(2)Odynamics is warranted in other anthropogenically-impacted coastal ecosystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moseman-Valtierra, Serena] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Moseman-Valtierra, Serena; Kroeger, Kevin D.; Crusius, John; Baldwin, Sandra; Green, Adrian; Brooks, T. Wallace; Pugh, Emily] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Crusius, John] USGS, UW Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moseman-Valtierra, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM smoseman@mail.uri.edu OI Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 FU USGS Coastal; Marine Geology Program; USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship to Moseman-Valtierra FX This research was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and a USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship to Moseman-Valtierra. Emily Pugh participated in much of the field analyses, with support of a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. The authors thank Dr. Ken Foreman at the Marine Biological Laboratory for access to groundwater wells in West Falmouth Harbor. Dr. John Bratton and Dr. Eric Sundquist provided feedback on this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2015 VL 119 BP 1281 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY7KQ UT WOS:000347739600175 PM 25460773 ER PT J AU Lyttle, A Yoo, K Hale, C Aufdenkampe, A Sebestyen, SD Resner, K Blum, A AF Lyttle, Amy Yoo, Kyungsoo Hale, Cindy Aufdenkampe, Anthony Sebestyen, Stephen D. Resner, Kathryn Blum, Alex TI Impact of Exotic Earthworms on Organic Carbon Sorption on Mineral Surfaces and Soil Carbon Inventories in a Northern Hardwood Forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; earthworms; bioturbation; soil carbon; organic matter; minerals; exotic species; sorption; mineral surface area ID TEMPERATE FORESTS; IRON-OXIDES; INVASION; MATTER; AREA; MINNESOTA; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; STABILIZATION; CONSEQUENCES AB Exotic earthworms are invading forests in North America where native earthworms have been absent since the last glaciation. These earthworms bioturbate soils and may enhance physical interactions between minerals and organic matter (OM), thus affecting mineral sorption of carbon (C) which may affect C cycling. We quantitatively show how OM-mineral sorption and soil C inventories respond to exotic earthworms along an earthworm invasion chronosequence in a sugar maple forest in northern Minnesota. We hypothesized that mineral surface area in A horizons would increase as burrowing earthworms incorporated clay minerals from the B horizons and that enhanced contacts between OM and minerals would increase the OM sorption on mineral surfaces and mineral-associated C inventories in A horizons. Contrary to our hypotheses, mineral surface areas within A horizons were lowered because earthworm burrows only extended into the silt-rich loess that separated the A and clay-rich B horizons. Furthermore, where endogeic earthworms were present, a smaller fraction of mineral surface area was covered with OM. OM sorption on minerals in the A horizons shifted from a limitation of mineral surface availability to a limitation of OM availability within a decade after the arrival of endogeic earthworms. C-mineral sorption depends on earthworm consumption of OM as well as the composition and vertical distribution of minerals. This finding may thus explain the contradictory results reported in earlier investigations. Our results highlight the rapid and drastic effects of exotic earthworms on key ecosystem processes in deciduous forests in post-glacial settings. C1 [Lyttle, Amy; Yoo, Kyungsoo; Resner, Kathryn] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hale, Cindy] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Aufdenkampe, Anthony] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Blum, Alex] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Yoo, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kyoo@umn.edu RI Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013 OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108 FU USDA NRI; Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was financially support by a USDA NRI Grant to K. Yoo, A. K. Aufdenkampe, and C.Hale. Yoo's effort was partly covered by Hatch funding from Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank Cristina Fernandez, Jim Barott and Becky Knowles for their help in the field. We also appreciate detailed and constructive comments by our colleagues: Lee Frelich at the University of Minnesota, Don Ross at the University of Vermont and Kurt Smemo at the Holden Arboretum. We thank constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 16 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9809-x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB2CN UT WOS:000349434400002 ER PT J AU Resner, K Yoo, K Sebestyen, SD Aufdenkampe, A Hale, C Lyttle, A Blum, A AF Resner, Kit Yoo, Kyungsoo Sebestyen, Stephen D. Aufdenkampe, Anthony Hale, Cindy Lyttle, Amy Blum, Alex TI Invasive Earthworms Deplete Key Soil Inorganic Nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, and P) in a Northern Hardwood Forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hardwood forest; inorganic nutrient cycling; biological invasion; earthworms; geochemical mass balance; calcium; phosphorous; potassium; magnesium ID PHYSICAL ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MINNESOTA; LITTER; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; MODULATE AB Hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region have evolved without earthworms since the Last Glacial Maximum, but are now being invaded by exotic earthworms introduced through agriculture, fishing, and logging. These exotic earthworms are known to increase soil mixing, affect soil carbon storage, and dramatically alter soil morphology. Here we show, using an active earthworm invasion chronosequence in a hardwood forest in northern Minnesota, that such disturbances by exotic earthworms profoundly affect inorganic nutrient cycles in soils. Soil nutrient elemental concentrations (Ca, Mg, K, and P) were normalized to biogeochemically inert Zr to quantify their losses and gains. This geochemical normalization revealed that elements were highly enriched in the A horizon of pre-invasion soils, suggesting tight biological recycling of the nutrients. In the early stage of invasion, epi-endogeic earthworm species appeared to have been responsible for further enriching the elements in the A horizon possibly by incorporating leaf organic matter (OM). The arrival of geophagous soil mixing endogeic earthworms, however, was associated with near complete losses of these enrichments, which was related to the loss of OM in soils. Our study highlights that elemental concentrations may not be sufficient to quantify biogeochemical effects of earthworms. The geochemical normalization approach, which has been widely used to study soil formation, may help when determining how invasive soil organisms affect soil elemental cycles. More generally, this approach has potential for much wider use in studies of belowground nutrient dynamics. The results support the existing ecological literature demonstrating that invasive earthworms may ultimately reduce productivity in formerly glaciated forests under climate change. C1 [Resner, Kit; Yoo, Kyungsoo; Lyttle, Amy] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Aufdenkampe, Anthony] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Hale, Cindy] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Blum, Alex] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Yoo, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kyoo@umn.edu RI Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013 OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108 FU USDA NRI program; Hatch Fund from Agricultural Experimental Station FX The authors are thankful for the generous support from USDA NRI program to K. Yoo, A. K. Aufdenkmape, and C. Hale. Yoo's effort was also partly supported by Hatch Fund from Agricultural Experimental Station. We thank Cristina Fernandez, Tyler Nigon, Rebecca D. Knowles, and Andrew Haveles for field assistance, and Jennifer Wang and Justene Davis for lab assistance. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 20 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9814-0 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB2CN UT WOS:000349434400007 ER PT J AU Svejcar, LN Bestelmeyer, BT Duniway, MC James, DK AF Svejcar, Lauren N. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Duniway, Michael C. James, Darren K. TI Scale-Dependent Feedbacks Between Patch Size and Plant Reproduction in Desert Grassland SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE critical threshold; desertification; dryland; state transition; Bouteloua eriopoda; Chihuahuan Desert; resilience; patch size; feedbacks ID SEMIARID GRAZING SYSTEMS; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; VEGETATION PATCHES; PATTERN-FORMATION; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; FACILITATION; COMPETITION; DEGRADATION; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT AB Theoretical models suggest that scale-dependent feedbacks between plant reproductive success and plant patch size govern transitions from highly to sparsely vegetated states in drylands, yet there is scant empirical evidence for these mechanisms. Scale-dependent feedback models suggest that an optimal patch size exists for growth and reproduction of plants and that a threshold patch organization exists below which positive feedbacks between vegetation and resources can break down, leading to critical transitions. We examined the relationship between patch size and plant reproduction using an experiment in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. We tested the hypothesis that reproductive effort and success of a dominant grass (Bouteloua eriopoda) would vary predictably with patch size. We found that focal plants in medium-sized patches featured higher rates of grass reproductive success than when plants occupied either large patch interiors or small patches. These patterns support the existence of scale-dependent feedbacks in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands and indicate an optimal patch size for reproductive effort and success in B. eriopoda. We discuss the implications of these results for detecting ecological thresholds in desert grasslands. C1 [Svejcar, Lauren N.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Svejcar, Lauren N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, MSC 3JER, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU appropriated funds to the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range; NSF Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB0080412]; USDA NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Program FX We are grateful to Michelle Mattocks for assisting with project design and data collection. This research was supported by appropriated funds to the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, NSF Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB0080412), and by the USDA NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9818-9 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB2CN UT WOS:000349434400011 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, J AF Schaeffer, Jeff TI Stocked Piscivores May Be Tougher Than We Thought SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schaeffer, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jschaeffer@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CA8ED UT WOS:000349148500001 ER PT J AU Guy, CS Treanor, HB Kappenman, KM Scholl, EA Ilgen, JE Webb, MAH AF Guy, Christopher S. Treanor, Hilary B. Kappenman, Kevin M. Scholl, Eric A. Ilgen, Jason E. Webb, Molly A. H. TI Broadening the Regulated-River Management Paradigm: A Case Study of the Forgotten Dead Zone Hindering Pallid Sturgeon Recovery SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The global proliferation of dams within the last half century has prompted ecologists to understand the effects of regulated rivers on large-river fishes. Currently, much of the effort to mitigate the influence of dams on large-river fishes has been focused on downriver effects, and little attention has been given to upriver effects. Through a combination of field observations and laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis that abiotic conditions upriver of the dam are the mechanism for the lack of recruitment in Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), an iconic large-river endangered species. Here we show for the first time that anoxic upriver habitat in reservoirs (i.e., the transition zone between the river and reservoir) is responsible for the lack of recruitment in Pallid Sturgeon. The anoxic condition in the transition zone is a function of reduced river velocities and the concentration of fine particulate organic material with high microbial respiration. As predicted, the river upstream of the transition zone was oxic at all sampling locations. Our results indicate that transition zones are an ecological sink for Pallid Sturgeon. We argue that ecologists, engineers, and policy makers need to broaden the regulated-river paradigm to consider upriver and downriver effects of dams equally to comprehensively mitigate altered ecosystems for the benefit of large-river fishes, especially for the Pallid Sturgeon. C1 [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Ecol & Management Program, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Treanor, Hilary B.; Scholl, Eric A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT USA. [Kappenman, Kevin M.; Ilgen, Jason E.; Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Guy, CS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Ecol & Management Program, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, P Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cguy@montana.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 6 EP 14 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CA8ED UT WOS:000349148500009 ER PT J AU Sutton, WB Barrett, K Moody, AT Loftin, CS deMaynadier, PG Nanjappa, P AF Sutton, William B. Barrett, Kyle Moody, Allison T. Loftin, Cynthia S. deMaynadier, Phillip G. Nanjappa, Priya TI Predicted Changes in Climatic Niche and Climate Refugia of Conservation Priority Salamander Species in the Northeastern United States SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE amphibians; bioclimatic variable; caudata; climatic niche; climate refugia; global climate model; macrorefugia; representative concentration pathway; salamander ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; FOOD WEBS; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTIONS; RESPONSES; SELECTION; DYNAMICS AB Global climate change represents one of the most extensive and pervasive threats to wildlife populations. Amphibians, specifically salamanders, are particularly susceptible to the effects of changing climates due to their restrictive physiological requirements and low vagility; however, little is known about which landscapes and species are vulnerable to climate change. Our study objectives included, (1) evaluating species-specific predictions (based on 2050 climate projections) and vulnerabilities to climate change and (2) using collective species responses to identify areas of climate refugia for conservation priority salamanders in the northeastern United States. All evaluated salamander species were projected to lose a portion of their climatic niche. Averaged projected losses ranged from 3%-100% for individual species, with the Cow Knob Salamander (Plethodon punctatus), Cheat Mountain Salamander (Plethodon nettingi), Shenandoah Mountain Salamander (Plethodon virginia), Mabee's Salamander (Ambystoma mabeei), and Streamside Salamander (Ambystoma barbouri) predicted to lose at least 97% of their landscape-scale climatic niche. The Western Allegheny Plateau was predicted to lose the greatest salamander climate refugia richness (i.e., number of species with a climatically-suitable niche in a landscape patch), whereas the Central Appalachians provided refugia for the greatest number of species during current and projected climate scenarios. Our results can be used to identify species and landscapes that are likely to be further affected by climate change and potentially resilient habitats that will provide consistent climatic conditions in the face of environmental change. C1 [Sutton, William B.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Sutton, William B.; Barrett, Kyle] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moody, Allison T.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [deMaynadier, Phillip G.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Nanjappa, Priya] Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Sutton, WB (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM wsutton@tnstate.edu; rbarre2@clemson.edu; atmoody@gmail.com; cynthia.loftin@maine.edu; phillip.demaynadier@maine.gov; pnanjappa@fishwildlife.org FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the Wildlife Management Institute for financial support of this research. Appreciation is also extended to the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game, Connecticut Bureau of Natural Resources, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and Virginia Department of Inland Game and Fisheries for providing access to state-level amphibian and reptile locality records. We also thank Lori Williams, Jeff Hall, and Jeff Beane of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; John Jensen and Thomas Floyd of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources; and Austin Peay State University and the David H. Snyder Museum of Zoology in Tennessee for providing specific locality data requests. The authors would also like to thank the multiple museums and data repositories that have made available their records through the HerpNet and BISON biological record databases. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. The authors thank David Steen and three anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 50 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.3390/f6010001 PG 26 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AZ7MT UT WOS:000348403700001 ER PT J AU Xiao, YY Beier, JC Cantrell, RS Cosner, C DeAngelis, DL Ruan, SG AF Xiao, Yanyu Beier, John C. Cantrell, Robert Stephen Cosner, Chris DeAngelis, Donald L. Ruan, Shigui TI Modelling the Effects of Seasonality and Socioeconomic Impact on the Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Virus SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMPARTMENTAL EPIDEMIC MODELS; SAUDI-ARABIA; EGYPT; VECTOR; OUTBREAK; DISEASES; RISK AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important mosquito-borne viral zoonosis in Africa and the Middle East that causes human deaths and significant economic losses due to huge incidences of death and abortion among infected livestock. Outbreaks of RVF are sporadic and associated with both seasonal and socioeconomic effects. Here we propose an almost periodic three-patch model to investigate the transmission dynamics of RVF virus (RVFV) among ruminants with spatial movements. Our findings indicate that, in Northeastern Africa, human activities, including those associated with the Eid al Adha feast, along with a combination of climatic factors such as rainfall level and hydrological variations, contribute to the transmission and dispersal of the disease pathogen. Moreover, sporadic outbreaks may occur when the two events occur together: 1) abundant livestock are recruited into areas at risk from RVF due to the demand for the religious festival and 2) abundant numbers of mosquitoes emerge. These two factors have been shown to have impacts on the severity of RVF outbreaks. Our numerical results present the transmission dynamics of the disease pathogen over both short and long periods of time, particularly during the festival time. Further, we investigate the impact on patterns of disease outbreaks in each patch brought by festival-and seasonal-driven factors, such as the number of livestock imported daily, the animal transportation speed from patch to patch, and the death rate induced by ceremonial sacrifices. In addition, our simulations show that when the time for festival preparation starts earlier than usual, the risk of massive disease outbreaks rises, particularly in patch 3 (the place where the religious ceremony will be held). C1 [Xiao, Yanyu; Cantrell, Robert Stephen; Cosner, Chris; Ruan, Shigui] Univ Miami, Dept Math, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Xiao, Yanyu; Beier, John C.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Xiao, YY (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Math, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ruan@math.miami.edu FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [R01GM093345]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1412454] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) grant R01GM093345. Research of SR was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DMS-1412454. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 AR e3388 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CB0LR UT WOS:000349318100016 PM 25569474 ER PT J AU Bradley, DC AF Bradley, Dwight C. TI Mineral evolution and Earth history SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mineral evolution; Earth history; detrital zircon geochronology ID RECORD; ZIRCON; OXYGEN; CRUST AB The field of mineral evolution a merger of mineralogy and Earth history coalesced in 2008 with the first of several global syntheses by Robert Hazen and coworkers in the American Mineralogist. They showed that the cumulative abundance of mineral species has a stepwise trend with first appearances tied to various transitions in Earth history such as the end of planetary accretion at ca. 4.55 Ga and the onset of bio-mediated mineralogy at ca. >2.5 Ga. A global age distribution is best established for zircon. Observed abundance of zircon fluctuates through more than an order of magnitude during successive supercontinent cycles. The pulse of the Earth is also recorded, albeit imperfectly, by the Sr-87/Sr-86 composition of marine biogenic calcite; the Sr-isotopic ratio of this mineral reflects the balance of inputs of primitive strontium at midocean ridges and evolved strontium that drains off the continents. A global mineral evolution database, currently in the works, will greatly facilitate the compilation and analysis of extant data and the expansion of research in mineralogy outside its traditional bounds and into more interdisciplinary realms. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dbradley@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 100 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.2138/am-2015-5101 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AY2RJ UT WOS:000347436600003 ER PT J AU Leet, JK Sassman, S Amberg, JJ Olmstead, AW Lee, LS Ankley, GT Sepulveda, MS AF Leet, Jessica K. Sassman, Stephen Amberg, Jon J. Olmstead, Allen W. Lee, Linda S. Ankley, Gerald T. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Environmental hormones and their impacts on sex differentiation in fathead minnows SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Androgens; Atrazine; Animal feeding operations; Pimephales promelas ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; STEROIDAL ESTROGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH AB Runoff from lands fertilized with animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is a source of hormones to surface water. In this study we tested the hypothesis that larval fathead minnows exposed to sex steroids singly or in a "typical" CAFO mixture during sex differentiation would respond with changes in the expression of a set of target genes, leading to gonadal abnormalities later in life. In the first experiment, a static daily-renewal system was used to expose larvae during the period of 10-20 days post-hatch (dph) to either 5 ng/L 17 beta-trenbolone (17 beta-TRB) or 5 ng/L 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2). In a second experiment, fish were exposed from 0 to 45 dph in a flow-through system to a CAFO mixture composed of steroids and degradates (2-16 ng/L), atrazine and degradates (15-250 ng/L), and nitrate (3-11 mg/L). In the single hormone experiment, expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis (cyp19a, cyp17, and star) was decreased in females. In contrast, no differences in gene expression were observed in fish exposed to the CAFO mixture. However, the majority (84%) of treated males had testes containing an ovarian cavity, indicative of feminization, compared to 0% in the control males. Overall, our results show that: (1) changes in gene expression after single hormone exposures are sex-specific, with females more responsive than males; and (2) phenotypic alterations in testicular development can be elicited by a simulated "CAFO" mixture when fathead minnows are exposed during the first 45 days of development. More research is needed to further discern the complex response of fish to steroid mixtures, especially those associated with runoff from land-applied CAFO waste. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leet, Jessica K.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sassman, Stephen; Lee, Linda S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Olmstead, Allen W.] Bayer Crop Sci, Environm Toxicol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jleet@mailbox.sc.edu; sassman@purdue.edu; Islee@purdue.edu; jamberg@usgs.gov; allen.olmstead@bayer.com; ankley.gerald@epa.gov; mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU USEPA STAR [RD833417]; assistantship from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University FX Funding was provided by USEPA STAR (RD833417). The lead author (JKL) was supported by an assistantship from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University. We thank Bob Rode for his help in various aspects of these studies. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 158 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.022 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CA4PZ UT WOS:000348888400011 PM 25671225 ER PT J AU King, AW Andres, RJ Davis, KJ Hafer, M Hayes, DJ Huntzinger, DN de Jong, B Kurz, WA McGuire, AD Vargas, R Wei, Y West, TO Woodall, CW AF King, A. W. Andres, R. J. Davis, K. J. Hafer, M. Hayes, D. J. Huntzinger, D. N. de Jong, B. Kurz, W. A. McGuire, A. D. Vargas, R. Wei, Y. West, T. O. Woodall, C. W. TI North America's net terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere 1990-2009 SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; BUDGET; BALANCE; INVERSIONS; FORESTS; MODELS; SINKS; LAND AB Scientific understanding of the global carbon cycle is required for developing national and international policy to mitigate fossil fuel CO2 emissions by managing terrestrial carbon uptake. Toward that understanding and as a contribution to the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project, this paper provides a synthesis of net land-atmosphere CO2 exchange for North America (Canada, United States, and Mexico) over the period 1990-2009. Only CO2 is considered, not methane or other greenhouse gases. This synthesis is based on results from three different methods: atmospheric inversion, inventory-based methods and terrestrial biosphere modeling. All methods indicate that the North American land surface was a sink for atmospheric CO2, with a net transfer from atmosphere to land. Estimates ranged from -890 to -280 TgC yr(-1), where the mean of atmospheric inversion estimates forms the lower bound of that range (a larger land sink) and the inventory-based estimate using the production approach the upper (a smaller land sink). This relatively large range is due in part to differences in how the approaches represent trade, fire and other disturbances and which ecosystems they include. Integrating across estimates, "best" estimates (i.e., measures of central tendency) are -472 +/- 281 TgC yr(-1) based on the mean and standard deviation of the distribution and -360 TgC yr(-1) (with an interquartile range of -496 to -337) based on the median. Considering both the fossil fuel emissions source and the land sink, our analysis shows that North America was, however, a net contributor to the growth of CO2 in the atmosphere in the late 20th and early 21st century. With North America's mean annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions for the period 1990-2009 equal to 1720 Tg C yr(-1) and assuming the estimate of -472 TgC yr(-1) as an approximation of the true terrestrial CO2 sink, the continent's source : sink ratio for this time period was 1720 : 472, or nearly 4 : 1. C1 [King, A. W.; Andres, R. J.; Hayes, D. J.; Wei, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [King, A. W.; Andres, R. J.; Hayes, D. J.; Wei, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Davis, K. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hafer, M.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Huntzinger, D. N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [de Jong, B.] Colegio Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche, Mexico. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Vargas, R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [West, T. O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Woodall, C. W.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP King, AW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kingaw@ornl.gov RI Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008 OI Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Climate & Environmental Sciences Division; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US government [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NASA [NNX13AQ06G]; NASA's Terrestrial Ecosystems and Carbon Cycle Program FX We thank Devin A. White of the Geographic Information Science and Technology Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the calculation of internally consistent North American, Northern Hemisphere, and global land areas. Research and preparation of this report was sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Climate & Environmental Sciences Division, and was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The manuscript has been co-authored by employees of a contractor of the US government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. R. Vargas acknowledges support from NASA under the Carbon Monitoring System (NNX13AQ06G). K. J. Davis acknowledges support from NASA's Terrestrial Ecosystems and Carbon Cycle Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.5194/bg-12-399-2015 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CA5XR UT WOS:000348982200009 ER PT J AU Stralberg, D Matsuoka, SM Hamann, A Bayne, EM Solymos, P Schmiegelow, FKA Wang, X Cumming, SG Song, SJ AF Stralberg, D. Matsuoka, S. M. Hamann, A. Bayne, E. M. Solymos, P. Schmiegelow, F. K. A. Wang, X. Cumming, S. G. Song, S. J. TI Projecting boreal bird responses to climate change: the signal exceeds the noise SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE avian density; boosted regression trees; boreal birds; boreal forest; climate change; global climate models; signal-to-noise ratio; species distribution models; uncertainty; variance partitioning ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RANGE SHIFTS; SAMPLE-SIZE; LAND-USE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; NICHE CONSERVATISM; DECISION-MAKING; HARDINESS ZONES; TREE MORTALITY AB For climate change projections to be useful, the magnitude of change must be understood relative to the magnitude of uncertainty in model predictions. We quantified the signal-to-noise ratio in projected distributional responses of boreal birds to climate change, and compared sources of uncertainty. Boosted regression tree models of abundance were generated for 80 boreal-breeding bird species using a comprehensive data set of standardized avian point counts (349 629 surveys at 122 202 unique locations) and 4-km climate, land use, and topographic data. For projected changes in abundance, we calculated signal-to-noise ratios and examined variance components related to choice of global climatemodel (GCM) and two sources of species distribution model (SDM) uncertainty: sampling error and variable selection. We also evaluated spatial, temporal, and interspecific variation in these sources of uncertainty. The mean signal-to-noise ratio across species increased over time to 2.87 by the end of the 21st century, with the signal greater than the noise for 88% of species. Across species, climate change represented the largest component (0.44) of variance in projected abundance change. Among sources of uncertainty evaluated, choice of GCM (mean variance component = 0.17) was most important for 66% of species, sampling error (mean = 0.12) for 29% of species, and variable selection (mean = 0.05) for 5% of species. Increasing the number of GCMs from four to 19 had minor effects on these results. The range of projected changes and uncertainty characteristics across species differed markedly, reinforcing the individuality of species' responses to climate change and the challenges of one-size-fits-all approaches to climate change adaptation. We discuss the usefulness of different conservation approaches depending on the strength of the climate change signal relative to the noise, as well as the dominant source of prediction uncertainty. C1 [Stralberg, D.; Bayne, E. M.; Solymos, P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Stralberg, D.; Hamann, A.; Schmiegelow, F. K. A.; Wang, X.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Matsuoka, S. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Schmiegelow, F. K. A.] Univ Alberta, Northern ENCS Program, Dept Renewable Resources, CO Yukon Coll, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5K4, Canada. [Cumming, S. G.] Univ Laval, Dept Sci Bois & Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Song, S. J.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 1K5, Canada. RP Stralberg, D (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405,Biol Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM stralber@ualberta.ca RI Solymos, Peter/B-2775-2008; OI Solymos, Peter/0000-0001-7337-1740; Schmiegelow, Fiona/0000-0002-8219-8684; Hamann, Andreas/0000-0003-2046-4550; Stralberg, Diana/0000-0003-4900-024X FU Environment Canada; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation; Alberta Ingenuity Fund; Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute; University of Alberta (Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship) FX This publication is a contribution of the Boreal Avian Modelling (BAM) Project, an international research collaboration on the ecology, management, and conservation of boreal birds. We acknowledge the BAM Project's members, data partners, and funding agencies (including Environment Canada and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). D. Stralberg was supported by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, as well as funding from the Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation, the Alberta Ingenuity Fund, the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, and the University of Alberta (Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship). We are grateful to Trish Fontaine for data management, to Rick Pelletier for computing resources, and to Nicole Barker and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. Members of the Alberta Biodiversity Management and Climate Change Adaptation Project also provided insights valuable to this work. NR 169 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 52 EP 69 DI 10.1890/13-2289.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA1JC UT WOS:000348667900006 PM 26255357 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Withey, JC Pidgeon, AM Plantinga, AJ Mckerrow, AJ Williams, SG Helmers, DP Radeloff, VC AF Martinuzzi, Sebastian Withey, John C. Pidgeon, Anna M. Plantinga, Andrew J. Mckerrow, Alexa J. Williams, Steven G. Helmers, David P. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Future land-use scenarios and the loss of wildlife habitats in the southeastern United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity conservation; habitat loss; land-use change; land-use planning; southeast United States; wildlife habitat ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; GAP ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; COVER; FRAGMENTATION; ECOREGIONS; INCENTIVES; MANAGEMENT AB Land-use change is a major cause of wildlife habitat loss. Understanding how changes in land-use policies and economic factors can impact future trends in land use and wildlife habitat loss is therefore critical for conservation efforts. Our goal here was to evaluate the consequences of future land-use changes under different conservation policies and crop market conditions on habitat loss for wildlife species in the southeastern United States. We predicted the rates of habitat loss for 336 terrestrial vertebrate species by 2051. We focused on habitat loss due to the expansion of urban, crop, and pasture. Future land-use changes following business-as-usual conditions resulted in relatively low rates of wildlife habitat loss across the entire Southeast, but some ecoregions and species groups experienced much higher habitat loss than others. Increased crop commodity prices exacerbated wildlife habitat loss in most ecoregions, while the implementation of conservation policies (reduced urban sprawl, and payments for land conservation) reduced the projected habitat loss in some regions, to a certain degree. Overall, urban and crop expansion were the main drivers of habitat loss. Reptiles and wildlife species associated with open vegetation (grasslands, open woodlands) were the species groups most vulnerable to future land-use change. Effective conservation of wildlife habitat in the Southeast should give special consideration to future land-use changes, regional variations, and the forces that could shape land-use decisions. C1 [Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Helmers, David P.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Withey, John C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Plantinga, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mckerrow, Alexa J.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Williams, Steven G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM martinuzzi@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU National Science Foundation Coupled Natural-Human Systems Program; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work by the National Science Foundation Coupled Natural-Human Systems Program, and by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly enhanced the manuscript. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.1890/13-2078.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA1JC UT WOS:000348667900014 PM 26255365 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB Nichols, JD Reid, J Der, R AF Yackulic, Charles B. Nichols, James D. Reid, Janice Der, Ricky TI To predict the niche, model colonization and extinction SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamic occupancy; environmental associations; geographic range dynamics; habitat selection; invasions; metapopulation; process models; species distribution models ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; OCCUPANCY; NEIGHBORHOOD; UNCERTAINTY; COMPETITION; HYPOTHESIS; CORE AB Ecologists frequently try to predict the future geographic distributions of species. Most studies assume that the current distribution of a species reflects its environmental requirements (i.e., the species' niche). However, the current distributions of many species are unlikely to be at equilibrium with the current distribution of environmental conditions, both because of ongoing invasions and because the distribution of suitable environmental conditions is always changing. This mismatch between the equilibrium assumptions inherent in many analyses and the disequilibrium conditions in the real world leads to inaccurate predictions of species' geographic distributions and suggests the need for theory and analytical tools that avoid equilibrium assumptions. Here, we develop a general theory of environmental associations during periods of transient dynamics. We show that time-invariant relationships between environmental conditions and rates of local colonization and extinction can produce substantial temporal variation in occupancy environment relationships. We then estimate occupancy environment relationships during three avian invasions. Changes in occupancy environment relationships over time differ among species but are predicted by dynamic occupancy models. Since estimates of the occupancy environment relationships themselves are frequently poor predictors of future occupancy patterns, research should increasingly focus on characterizing how rates of local colonization and extinction vary with environmental conditions. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.; Der, Ricky] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Reid, Janice] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cyackulic@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [DBI-1003221] FX We thank M. Yard, T. Kennedy, S. Vanderkooi, C. Drost, J. Sauer, H. Possingham, and one anonymous reviewer for suggestions based on earlier drafts. This material was based partially upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number DBI-1003221. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1890/14-1361.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8VL UT WOS:000349198900003 PM 26236885 ER PT J AU Johnson, LR Ben-Horin, T Lafferty, KD McNally, A Mordecai, E Paaijmans, KP Pawar, S Ryan, SJ AF Johnson, Leah R. Ben-Horin, Tal Lafferty, Kevin D. McNally, Amy Mordecai, Erin Paaijmans, Krijn P. Pawar, Samraat Ryan, Sadie J. TI Understanding uncertainty in temperature effects on vector-borne disease: a Bayesian approach SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; basic reproductive number; Baxesian statistics; climate envelope; malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; sensitivity analysis; thermal physiology; uncertainty analysis ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MALARIA; FRAMEWORK; DEPENDENCE; HIGHLANDS AB Extrinsic environmental factors influence the distribution and population dynamics of many organisms, including insects that are of concern for human health and agriculture. This is particularly true for vector-borne infectious diseases like malaria, which is a major source of morbidity and mortality in humans Understanding the mechanistic links between environment and population processes for these diseases is key to predicting the consequences of climate change on transmission and for developing effective interventions. An important measure of the intensity of disease transmission is the reproductive number R-0. However, understanding the mechanisms linking R-0 and temperature, an environmental factor driving disease risk, can be challenging because the data available for parameterization are often poor. To address this, we show how a Bayesian approach can help identify critical uncertainties in components of R-0 and how this uncertainty is propagated into the estimate of R-0. Most notably, we find that different parameters dominate the uncertainty at different temperature regimes: bite rate from 15 degrees C to 25 degrees C; fecundity across all temperatures, but especially similar to 25-32 degrees C; mortality from 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C; parasite development rate at similar to 15-16 degrees C and again at similar to 33-35 degrees C. Focusing empirical studies on these parameters and corresponding temperature ranges would be the most efficient way to improve estimates of R-0. While we focus on malaria, our methods apply to improving process-based models more generally, including epidemiological, physiological niche, and species distribution models. C1 [Johnson, Leah R.; Pawar, Samraat] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Johnson, Leah R.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Ben-Horin, Tal; Mordecai, Erin] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ben-Horin, Tal] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McNally, Amy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Geog Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mordecai, Erin] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Paaijmans, Krijn P.] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Pawar, Samraat] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot, Berks, England. [Ryan, Sadie J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Coll Agr Engn & Sci, Durban, South Africa. RP Johnson, LR (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM lrjohnson@usf.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321 FU Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis - NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California-Santa Barbara; State of California; NSF [DEB-1210378, DEB-1202892] FX This work was conducted as part of the Malaria and Climate Change Working Group supported by the Luce Environmental Science to Solutions Fellowship and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (EF-0553768), the University of California-Santa Barbara, and the State of California. E. A. Mordecai was funded by an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB-1210378) and an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (DEB-1202892). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1890/13-1964.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8VL UT WOS:000349198900023 PM 26236905 ER PT J AU Bellmore, JR Baxter, CV Connolly, PJ AF Bellmore, J. Ryan Baxter, Colden V. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Spatial complexity reduces interaction strengths in the meta-food web of a river floodplain mosaic SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; food web; interaction strength; landscape complexity; meta-food web; predator-prey interactions; river floodplains ID COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; STABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAM; PATTERNS; HABITAT; METACOMMUNITY; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS AB Theory states that both the spatial complexity of landscapes and the strength of interactions between consumers and their resources are important for maintaining biodiversity and the balance of nature. Spatial complexity is hypothesized to promote biodiversity by reducing the potential for competitive exclusion; whereas, models show that weak trophic interactions can enhance stability and maintain biodiversity by dampening destabilizing oscillations associated with strong interactions. Here, we show that spatial complexity can reduce the strength of consumer resource interactions in natural food webs. By sequentially aggregating food webs of individual aquatic habitat patches across a fioodplain Mosaic, we found that increasing spatial complexity resulted in decreases in the strength of interactions between predators and prey, owing to a greater proportion of weak interactions and a reduced proportion of strong interactions in the meta-food web. The main mechanism behind this pattern was that some patches provided predation refugia for species that were often strongly preyed upon in other patches. If weak trophic interactions do indeed promote stability, then our findings may signal an additional mechanism by which complexity and stability are linked in nature. In turn, this may have implications for how the values of landscape complexity, and the costs of biophysical homogenization, are assessed. C1 [Bellmore, J. Ryan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bellmore, J. Ryan; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Washington, WA 98605 USA. [Bellmore, J. Ryan; Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Bellmore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jbellmore@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; NSF-EPSCoR [EPS-04-47689, 08-14387] FX We thank J. Leuders-Dumont, D. Ayers, K. Martens, R. Hansis-O'Neill, C. Morris, M. Walker, W. Tibbits, G. Eger, R. Bellmore, J. Li, and R. Van Driesch for field and lab assistance. Members of the Idaho State University Stream Ecology Center, along with M. Newsom,J. Wheaton, M. Germino, B. Crosby, W. F. Cross, R. O. Hall, Jr., and E. J. Rosi-Marshall, provided helpful discussion and review, and three anonymous reviewers contributed to improving the manuscript. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and NSF-EPSCoR (EPS-04-47689, 08-14387) provided funding. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 13 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1890/14-0733.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA8VL UT WOS:000349198900030 PM 26236912 ER PT J AU Yelenik, SG DiManno, N D'Antonio, CM AF Yelenik, Stephanie G. DiManno, Nicole D'Antonio, Carla M. TI Evaluating nurse plants for restoring native woody species to degraded subtropical woodlands SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE competition; Dodonaea viscosa; dry subtropical Metrosideros woodland; facilitation; invasive grasses; Leptocophylla tameiaeia; Morella faya; restoration; seedling recruitment; succession ID HAWAIIAN DRY FOREST; SEASONAL SUBMONTANE ZONE; ALIEN GRASS INVASION; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; RESTORATION; FACILITATION; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; FIRE AB Harsh habitats dominated by invasive species are difficult to restore. Invasive grasses in arid environments slow succession toward more desired composition, yet grass removal exacerbates high light and temperature, making the use of nurse plants an appealing strategy. In this study of degraded subtropical woodlands dominated by alien grasses in Hawai'i, we evaluated whether individuals of two native (Dodonaea viscosa, Leptocophylla tameiameia) and one non-native (Morella faya) woody species (1) act as natural nodes of recruitment for native woody species and (2) can be used to enhance survivorship of outplanted native woody species. To address these questions, we quantified the presence and persistence of seedlings naturally recruiting beneath adult nurse shrubs and compared survival and growth of experimentally outplanted seedlings of seven native woody species under the nurse species compared to intact and cleared alien-grass plots. We found that the two native nurse shrubs recruit their own offspring, but do not act as establishment nodes for other species. Morella faya recruited even fewer seedlings than native shrubs. Thus, outplanting will be necessary to increase abundance and diversity of native woody species. Outplant survival was the highest under shrubs compared to away from them with few differences between nurse species. The worst habitat for native seedling survival and growth was within the unmanaged invasive grass matrix. Although the two native nurse species did not differentially affect outplant survival, D.viscosa is the most widespread and easily propagated and is thus more likely to be useful as an initial nurse species. The outplanted species showed variable responses to nurse habitats that we attribute to resource requirements resulting from their typical successional stage and nitrogen fixation capability. C1 [Yelenik, Stephanie G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [DiManno, Nicole] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Yelenik, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM syelenik@usgs.gov OI Yelenik, Stephanie/0000-0002-9011-0769 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1029168] FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation DEB 1029168. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 300 EP 313 DI 10.1002/ece3.1294 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CA4DB UT WOS:000348853300006 PM 25709807 ER PT J AU Williams, BK Johnson, FA AF Williams, Byron K. Johnson, Fred A. TI Value of information in natural resource management: technical developments and application to pink-footed geese SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; conservation; decision making; natural resource management; pink-footed geese; uncertainty; value of information ID GOOSE POPULATION; UNCERTAINTY; ROBUSTNESS AB The value of information (VOI) is a generic term for the increase in value resulting from better information to guide management, or alternatively, the value foregone under uncertainty about the impacts of management (Yokota and Thompson, Medical Decision Making 2004; 24: 287). The value of information can be characterized in terms of several metrics, including the expected value of perfect information and the expected value of partial information. We extend the technical framework for the value of information by further developing the relationship between value metrics for partial and perfect information and describing patterns of their performance. We use two different expressions for the expected value of partial information to highlight its relationship to the expected value of perfect information. We also develop the expected value of partial information for hierarchical uncertainties. We highlight patterns in the value of information for the Svalbard population of the pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), a population that is subject to uncertainty in both reproduction and survival functions. The framework for valuing information is seen as having widespread potential in resource decision making, and serves as a motivation for resource monitoring, assessment, and collaboration. C1 [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), Wildlife Soc, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM kwilliams@wildlife.org FU US Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1002/ece3.1363 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CA4DB UT WOS:000348853300020 PM 25691972 ER PT J AU Bishop, MA Watson, JT Kuletz, K Morgan, T AF Bishop, Mary Anne Watson, Jordan T. Kuletz, Kathy Morgan, Tawna TI Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) consumption by marine birds during winter in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; avian predation; bioenergetics; Clupea pallasii; common murre; Prince William Sound ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; DATA CONFLICTS; URIA-AALGE; FISH; PREY; SEA; POPULATIONS; MODELS; PREDATORS; MORTALITY AB Following the 1989 MV Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) and subsequent herring population collapse in Alaska's Prince William Sound (PWS), the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) fishery was closed. In the 25yr since EVOS, herring and several herring-dependent marine bird species have failed to reach pre-spill population levels. One hypothesis is that intense predation pressure may be inhibiting herring recovery. To inform herring modeling efforts, this study estimated marine bird consumption of juvenile and adult herring in PWS for 10 winters over an 18-yr period (1989-90 through 2006-2007). Total estimated herring consumption by wintering marine birds averaged 2409 +/- 950t, indicating that avian consumption represents a substantial and inter-annually variable source of herring mortality. Common murre (Uria aalge) consumed the greatest portion (16-80%) of herring in all years among marine bird species. Juvenile herring biomass consumed annually by common murre was greater than murre consumption of adult herring biomass. Time lag analyses showed that marine bird consumption of adult herring is negatively correlated with the amount of herring spawn observed in subsequent years, but such effects were not observed more than 2yr. Our models indicate that during years in which herring recruitment is low or bird populations are particularly large, marine birds can consume up to 10% of the annual adult herring biomass. Our results highlight the importance of herring to wintering PWS birds. We propose that future management of herring stocks seeks to reduce negative impacts on marine birds that prey on herring. C1 [Bishop, Mary Anne; Watson, Jordan T.; Morgan, Tawna] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bishop, MA (reprint author), Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, POB 705, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. EM mbishop@pwssc.org FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We thank N. Dawson and K. Brenneman for field observations, M. Hunsicker for assistance with the statistical analyses, and W.S. Pegau for manuscript review. The research described in this paper was supported by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The findings and conclusions presented by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/fog.12073 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA CA8ZZ UT WOS:000349211300001 ER PT J AU Newman, AJ Clark, MP Sampson, K Wood, A Hay, LE Bock, A Viger, RJ Blodgett, D Brekke, L Arnold, JR Hopson, T Duan, Q AF Newman, A. J. Clark, M. P. Sampson, K. Wood, A. Hay, L. E. Bock, A. Viger, R. J. Blodgett, D. Brekke, L. Arnold, J. R. Hopson, T. Duan, Q. TI Development of a large-sample watershed-scale hydrometeorological data set for the contiguous USA: data set characteristics and assessment of regional variability in hydrologic model performance SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; TEMPERATURE DATA; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PRECIPITATION AB We present a community data set of daily forcing and hydrologic response data for 671 small- to medium-sized basins across the contiguous United States (median basin size of 336 km(2)) that spans a very wide range of hydroclimatic conditions. Area-averaged forcing data for the period 1980-2010 was generated for three basin spatial configurations - basin mean, hydrologic response units (HRUs) and elevation bands - by mapping daily, gridded meteorological data sets to the subbasin (Daymet) and basin polygons (Daymet, Maurer and NLDAS). Daily streamflow data was compiled from the United States Geological Survey National Water Information System. The focus of this paper is to (1) present the data set for community use and (2) provide a model performance benchmark using the coupled Snow-17 snow model and the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model, calibrated using the shuffled complex evolution global optimization routine. After optimization minimizing daily root mean squared error, 90% of the basins have Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency scores >= 0.55 for the calibration period and 34% >= 0.8. This benchmark provides a reference level of hydrologic model performance for a commonly used model and calibration system, and highlights some regional variations in model performance. For example, basins with a more pronounced seasonal cycle generally have a negative low flow bias, while basins with a smaller seasonal cycle have a positive low flow bias. Finally, we find that data points with extreme error (defined as individual days with a high fraction of total error) are more common in arid basins with limited snow and, for a given aridity, fewer extreme error days are present as the basin snow water equivalent increases. C1 [Newman, A. J.; Clark, M. P.; Sampson, K.; Wood, A.; Hopson, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hay, L. E.; Bock, A.; Viger, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Blodgett, D.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Brekke, L.] US Dept Interior, Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO USA. [Arnold, J. R.] US Army Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Seattle, WA USA. [Duan, Q.] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Newman, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM anewman@ucar.edu RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011 OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512 FU US Army Corps of Engineers Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs; US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation FX This work is funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs and the US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. The authors would like to thank the USGS Modeling of Watershed Systems (MoWS) group, specifically for providing technical support and the national geospatial fabric data to generate all the basin spatial configurations. We would also like to thank Jordan Read and Tom Kunicki of the USGS Center for Integrated Data Analytics for their help with the USGS Geodata Portal. NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 1 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.5194/hess-19-209-2015 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CA5EA UT WOS:000348929800012 ER PT J AU Patterson, AGL Kitaysky, AS Lyons, DE Roby, DD AF Patterson, Allison G. L. Kitaysky, Alexander S. Lyons, Donald E. Roby, Daniel D. TI Nutritional stress affects corticosterone deposition in feathers of Caspian tern chicks SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEABIRD; VALIDATION; RESPONSES; QUALITY; GROWTH; COSTS; WILD AB Stressful environmental conditions affect the adrenocortical function of developing animals, which can have consequences for their fitness. Discovery of the avian stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in feathers has the potential to broaden the application of endocrine research in ecological and evolutionary studies of wild birds by providing a long-term measure of CORT secretion. Mechanisms of CORT deposition in feathers are not well known and few studies have related feather CORT to circulating plasma CORT during feather growth. Our objective was to experimentally test the validity of using feather CORT as a measure of CORT secretion in developing birds experiencing nutritional stress. Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia chicks were fed ad libitum or restricted (35% less than ad libitum) diets for four weeks. We measured CORT in feathers from these chicks to examine the relationship between feather CORT concentrations and nutritional limitation, circulating plasma CORT, and feather development. We found that feather CORT was higher in controls fed ad libitum than in restricted individuals, despite higher levels of plasma CORT in restricted chicks compared to controls. Feather mass and growth rates were strongly and positively related to feather CORT concentrations in both treatments. This is the first experimental study to show that feather CORT concentrations can be lower in response to nutritional stress, even when plasma CORT concentrations are elevated. Our results indicate that CORT deposition in feathers may be confounded when feather mass and growth rates are compromised by nutritional stress. We conclude that feather CORT can be used for assessing nutritional stress in growing birds, but the direction of response depends on how strongly stress affects feather development. C1 [Patterson, Allison G. L.; Lyons, Donald E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Patterson, AGL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM allison.patterson@oregonstate.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 46 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1111/jav.00397 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CA7FJ UT WOS:000349082800003 ER PT J AU Castelblanco-Martinez, DN Morales-Vela, B Slone, DH Padilla-Saldivar, JA Reid, JP Hernandez-Arana, HA AF Nataly Castelblanco-Martinez, Delma Morales-Vela, Benjamin Slone, Daniel H. Adriana Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Reid, James P. Abuid Hernandez-Arana, Hector TI Inferring spatial and temporal behavioral patterns of free-ranging manatees using saltwater sensors of telemetry tags SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichechus manatus; Ethology; Telemetry; Sirenians; Autoecology ID SCALE HABITAT SELECTION; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; DUGONG-DUGON; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; LOCATION ACCURACY; DIVE DURATIONS AB Diving or respiratory behavior in aquatic mammals can be used as an indicator of physiological activity and consequently, to infer behavioral patterns. Five Antillean manatees, Trichechus manatus manatus, were captured in Chetumal Bay and tagged with GPS tracking devices. The radios were equipped with a micropower saltwater sensor (SWS), which records the times when the tag assembly was submerged. The information was analyzed to establish individual fine-scale behaviors. For each fix, we established the following variables: distance (D), sampling interval (T), movement rate (D/T), number of dives (N), and total diving duration (TDD). We used logic criteria and simple scatterplots to distinguish between behavioral categories: 'Travelling' (D/T >= 3 km/h), 'Surface' (down arrow TDD, down arrow N), 'Bottom feeding' (up arrow TDD, up arrow N) and 'Bottom resting' (up arrow TDD,down arrow N). Habitat categories were qualitatively assigned: Lagoon, Channels, Caye shore, City shore, Channel edge, and Open areas. The instrumented individuals displayed a daily rhythm of bottom activities, with surfacing activities more frequent during the night and early in the morning. More investigation into those cycles and other individual fine-scale behaviors related to their proximity to concentrations of human activity would be informative. (C) 2014 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Nataly Castelblanco-Martinez, Delma] Ocean Soc, Ross, CA 94957 USA. [Nataly Castelblanco-Martinez, Delma; Morales-Vela, Benjamin; Adriana Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth; Abuid Hernandez-Arana, Hector] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Slone, Daniel H.; Reid, James P.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Castelblanco-Martinez, DN (reprint author), Ocean Soc, 30 Sir Francis Drake Blvd,POB 437, Ross, CA 94957 USA. EM castelblanco.nataly@gmail.com RI Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/E-5141-2015; OI Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/0000-0001-8966-453X; Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU SEMARNAT-CONACyT [2002-001-1128]; Research Permits [SGPA/DGVS/04513, SGPA/DGVS/3670/06]; CONACyT FX This research was funded by SEMARNAT-CONACyT (Project 2002-001-1128), Research Permits SGPA/DGVS/04513 and SGPA/DGVS/3670/06. CONACyT also provided doctoral funding for DNC-M. We thank Hilda Chavez for her valuable help in data processing, and to Holger Weissenberger and Laura Carrillo for helping in various database analyses. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for improving the paper with their comments. Manatee capture and handling was conducted under Mexican federal permits SGPA/DGVS/04513 and SGPA/DGVS/3670/06. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 EI 1618-1476 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 80 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.07.003 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA4RO UT WOS:000348892400004 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Araujo, CV Borrego, AG Bouzinos, A Cardott, BJ Cook, AC Eble, C Flores, D Gentzis, T Goncalves, PA Mendonca, JG Hamor-Vido, M Jelonek, I Kommeren, K Knowles, W Kus, J Mastalerz, M Menezes, TR Newman, J Oikonomopoulos, IK Pawlewicz, M Pickel, W Potter, J Ranasinghe, P Read, H Reyes, J Rodriguez, GD de Souza, IVAF Suarez-Ruiz, I Sykorova, I Valentine, BJ AF Hackley, Paul C. Araujo, Carla Viviane Borrego, Angeles G. Bouzinos, Antonis Cardott, Brian J. Cook, Alan C. Eble, Cortland Flores, Deolinda Gentzis, Thomas Goncalves, Paula Alexandra Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano Hamor-Vido, Maria Jelonek, Iwona Kommeren, Kees Knowles, Wayne Kus, Jolanta Mastalerz, Maria Menezes, Taissa Rego Newman, Jane Oikonomopoulos, Ioannis K. Pawlewicz, Mark Pickel, Walter Potter, Judith Ranasinghe, Paddy Read, Harold Reyes, Julito De La Rosa Rodriguez, Genaro Alves Fernandes de Souza, Igor Viegas Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel Sykorova, Ivana Valentine, Brett J. TI Standardization of reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter: Results of an exercise to improve interlaboratory agreement SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitrinite reflectance; Thermal maturity; Shale petroleum systems; Microscopy; Hydrocarbon exploration ID SOURCE-ROCK EVALUATION; SHALE-GAS SYSTEMS; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; BASIN; MATURITY; OIL; EXPLORATION; EVOLUTION; KEROGEN; BITUMEN AB Vitrinite reflectance generally is considered the most robust thermal maturity parameter available for application to hydrocarbon exploration and petroleum system evaluation. However, until 2011 there was no standardized methodology available to provide guidelines for vitrinite reflectance measurements in shale. Efforts to correct this deficiency resulted in publication of ASTM D7708: Standard test method for microscopical determination of the reflectance of vitrinite dispersed in sedimentary rocks. In 2012-2013, an interlaboratory exercise was conducted to establish precision limits for the D7708 measurement technique. Six samples, representing a wide variety of shale, were tested in duplicate by 28 analysts in 22 laboratories from 14 countries. Samples ranged from immature to overmature (0.31-1.53% R-o), from organic-lean to organic-rich (1-22 wt.% total organic carbon), and contained Type I (lacustrine), Type II (marine), and Type III (terrestrial) kerogens. Repeatability limits (maximum difference between valid repetitive results from same operator, same conditions) ranged from 0.03 to 0.11% absolute reflectance, whereas reproducibility limits (maximum difference between valid results obtained on same test material by different operators, different laboratories) ranged from 0.12 to 0.54% absolute reflectance. Repeatability and reproducibility limits degraded consistently with increasing maturity and decreasing organic content. However, samples with terrestrial kerogens (Type III) fell off this trend, showing improved levels of reproducibility due to higher vitrinite content and improved ease of identification. Operators did not consistently meet the reporting requirements of the test method, indicating that a common reporting template is required to improve data quality. The most difficult problem encountered was the petrographic distinction of solid bitumens and low-reflecting inert macerals from vitrinite when vitrinite occurred with reflectance ranges overlapping the other components. Discussion among participants suggested this problem could not be easily corrected via kerogen concentration or solvent extraction and is related to operator training and background. No statistical difference in mean reflectance was identified between participants reporting bitumen reflectance vs. vitrinite reflectance vs. a mixture of bitumen and vitrinite reflectance values, suggesting empirical conversion schemes should be treated with caution. Analysis of reproducibility limits obtained during this exercise in comparison to reproducibility limits from historical interlaboratory exercises suggests use of a common methodology (D7708) improves interlaboratory precision. Future work will investigate opportunities to improve reproducibility in high maturity, organic-lean shale varieties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; Valentine, Brett J.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Araujo, Carla Viviane; Menezes, Taissa Rego; Alves Fernandes de Souza, Igor Viegas] Cidade Univ Ilha Fundao, Petrobras, CENPES Gerencia Geoquim Radial, BR-21941915 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Borrego, Angeles G.; Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel] Inst Natl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Oviedo 33011, Spain. [Bouzinos, Antonis] Energy Resources Consulting Pry Ltd, Coorparoo, Qld 4151, Australia. [Cardott, Brian J.] Oklahoma Geol Survey, Norman, OK 73109 USA. [Cook, Alan C.] Keiraville Konsultants Pty Ltd, Keiraville, NSW 2500, Australia. [Eble, Cortland] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Flores, Deolinda; Goncalves, Paula Alexandra] DGAOT FCUP, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Gentzis, Thomas; Oikonomopoulos, Ioannis K.] Core Labs Inc, Houston, TX 77040 USA. [Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, LAFO, BR-21941916 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hamor-Vido, Maria] Geol & Geophys Inst Hungary, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary. [Jelonek, Iwona] Univ Silesia, Fac Earth Sci, PL-41200 Katowice, Poland. [Knowles, Wayne] Weatherford Labs, Geochem Serv Grp, Bideford Devon EX39 2AU, England. [Kus, Jolanta] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Mastalerz, Maria] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Newman, Jane] Newman Energy Res Ltd, Christchurch 8002, New Zealand. [Pawlewicz, Mark] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Pickel, Walter; Read, Harold] Coal & Organ Petr Serv Ply Ltd, Taren Point, NSW 2229, Australia. [Potter, Judith] JP Petrograph, Calgary, AB T3H 3K2, Canada. [Ranasinghe, Paddy] Energy Resources Consulting Pty Ltd, Farmborough Hts, NSW 2526, Australia. [Reyes, Julito] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. [De La Rosa Rodriguez, Genaro] Serv Geol Mexicano, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico. [Sykorova, Ivana] Inst Rock Struct & Mech AS CR, Vvi, Prague 18209 8, Czech Republic. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov RI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013; OI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Goncalves, Paula/0000-0003-4841-8601 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 59 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.015 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4ZS UT WOS:000347584000002 ER PT J AU Hu, HY Zhang, TW Wiggins-Camacho, JD Ellis, GS Lewan, MD Zhang, XL AF Hu, Haiyan Zhang, Tongwei Wiggins-Camacho, Jaclyn D. Ellis, Geoffrey S. Lewan, Michael D. Zhang, Xiaolong TI Experimental investigation of changes in methane adsorption of bitumen-free Woodford Shale with thermal maturation induced by hydrous pyrolysis SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shale gas; Thermal maturity; Gas adsorption; Pore-size distribution; Oil cracking ID FORT-WORTH BASIN; NORTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; CRETACEOUS GAS SHALES; HIGH-PRESSURE METHANE; ORGANIC-RICH SHALES; BLACK SHALES; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; PETROLEUM GENERATION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION AB This study quantifies the effects of organic-matter (OM) thermal maturity on methane (CH4)-sorption, on the basis of five samples that were artificially matured through hydrous pyrolysis achieved by heating samples of immature Woodford Shale under five different time temperature conditions. CH4-sorption isotherms at 35 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 65 degrees C, and pressures up to 14 MPa on dry, solvent-extracted samples of the artificially matured Woodford Shale were measured. The results showed that CH4-sorption capacity, normalized to TOC, varied with thermal maturity, following1 the trend: maximum oil (367 degrees C) > oil cracking (400 degrees C) > maximum bitumen/early oil (333 degrees C) > early bitumen (300 degrees C) > immature stage (130 degrees C). The Langmuir constants for the samples at maximum-oil and oil-cracking stages are larger than the values for the bitumen-forming stages. The total pore volume, determined by N-2 physisorption at 77 K, increases with increased maturation: mesopores, 2-50 nm in width, were created during the thermal conversion of organic-matter and a dramatic increase in porosity appeared when maximum-bitumen and maximum-oil generation stages were reached. A linear relationship between thermal maturity and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area suggests that the observed increase in CH4-sorption capacity may be the result of mesopores produced during OM conversion. No obvious difference is observed in pore-size distribution and pore volume for samples with pores <2.0 nm with the increase of thermal maturity based on CO2 physisorption at 273 K. The isosteric heat of adsorption and the standard entropy for artificially matured samples ranged from 17.9 kJ mol(-1) to 21.9 kJ mol(-1) and from 85.4 J mol(-1) K-1 to 101.8 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. These values are similar to the values of immature Woodford kerogen concentrate previously observed, but are larger than naturally matured organic-rich shales. High-temperature hydrous pyrolysis might have induced Lewis acid sites on both organic and mineral surfaces, resulting to some extent, in chemical interactions between the adsorption site and the methane C-H bonds. The formation of abundant mesopores (2-50 nm) within organic matter during organic-matter thermal maturation makes a great contribution to the increase in both BET surface area and pore volume, and a significant increase in 2-6 nm pores occurs at maximum-oil-generation and oil-cracking to gas, ultimately controlling the methane-adsorption capacity. Therefore, consideration of pore-size effects and thermal maturity is very important for gas in place (GIP) prediction in organic-rich shales. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Haiyan] Yangtze Univ, Sch Geosci, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Hu, Haiyan; Zhang, Tongwei; Wiggins-Camacho, Jaclyn D.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.; Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zhang, Tongwei; Zhang, Xiaolong] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Geosci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tongwei.zhang@beg.utexas.edu OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU Bureau's Mudrock Systems Research Laboratory consortium; Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2012CB214701]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41072092]; Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin FX This research is jointly supported by the Bureau's Mudrock Systems Research Laboratory consortium, the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (grant No. 2012CB214701), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41072092), and the Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin. Chris Parker, English editor in the Bureau of Economic Geology, has corrected English writing. The editorial reviews were done by David Ferderer and Keith Lucey in USGS, Denver. In particular, we thank Dr. Xinyu Xia, Dr. Justin Birdwell and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions that significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. We also thank, Associate Editor, Dr. Andrew Aplin for his constructive comments for the revised version. Publication authorized by the Director, Bureau of Economic Geology. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 59 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.029 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4ZS UT WOS:000347584000007 ER PT J AU Pervez, MS Henebry, GM AF Pervez, M. S. Henebry, G. M. TI Spatial and seasonal responses of precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins to ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole modes: implications for flooding and drought SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; BANGLADESH; CIRCULATION; PREDICTIONS; FEEDBACKS; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; EVENTS AB We evaluated the spatial and seasonal responses of precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins as modulated by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes using Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) full data reanalysis of monthly global land-surface precipitation data from 1901 to 2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees. The GPCC monthly total precipitation climatology targeting the period 1951-2000 was used to compute gridded monthly anomalies for the entire time period. The gridded monthly anomalies were averaged for the years influenced by combinations of climate modes. Occurrences of El Nino alone significantly reduce (88% of the long-term average (LTA)) precipitation during the monsoon months in the western and southeastern Ganges Basin. In contrast, occurrences of La Nina and co-occurrences of La Nina and negative IOD events significantly enhance (110 and 109% of LTA in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin, respectively) precipitation across both basins. When El Nino co-occurs with positive IOD events, the impacts of El Nino on the basins' precipitation diminishes. When there is no active ENSO or IOD events (occurring in 41 out of 110 years), precipitation remains below average (95% of LTA) in the agriculturally intensive areas of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Western Nepal in the Ganges Basin, whereas precipitation remains average to above average (104% of LTA) across the Brahmaputra Basin. This pattern implies that a regular water deficit is likely, especially in the Ganges Basin, with implications for the agriculture sector due to its reliance on consistent rainfall for successful production. Historically, major droughts occurred during El Nino and co-occurrences of El Nino and positive IOD events, while major flooding occurred during La Nina and co-occurrences of La Nina and negative IOD events in the basins. This observational analysis will facilitate well-informed decision making in minimizing natural hazard risks and climate impacts on agriculture, and supports development of strategies ensuring optimized use of water resources in best management practice under a changing climate. C1 [Pervez, M. S.] Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Contractor US Geol Survey USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pervez, M. S.; Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, GSCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Pervez, MS (reprint author), Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Contractor US Geol Survey USGS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spervez@usgs.gov OI Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU US Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network agreement; US Geological Survey; Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University; USGS [G13PC00028] FX This research was supported in part by the US Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network agreement with the US Geological Survey, and in part by the Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University. We thank these agencies for their support. We sincerely thank Gabriel Senay, James P. Verdin, James Rowland, and Michael Budde at USGS EROS for suggestions made throughout the research. We greatly appreciate the astute comments made by the anonymous reviewers and by USGS reviewers that helped us improve the manuscript considerably. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Work performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 147 EP 162 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-147-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CA5WZ UT WOS:000348980200011 ER PT J AU Wood, CL Lafferty, KD AF Wood, Chelsea L. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI How have fisheries affected parasite communities? SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; disease; fishing; freshwater; marine; meta-analysis ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; BIRD FINAL HOSTS; FOOD WEBS; CORAL-REEF; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPHIC CASCADES; BODY-MASS; FISH; DIVERSITY AB To understand how fisheries affect parasites, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that contrasted parasite assemblages in fished and unfished areas. Parasite diversity was lower in hosts from fished areas. Larger hosts had a greater abundance of parasites, suggesting that fishing might reduce the abundance of parasites by selectively removing the largest, most heavily parasitized individuals. After controlling for size, the effect of fishing on parasite abundance varied according to whether the host was fished and the parasite's life cycle. Parasites of unfished hosts were more likely to increase in abundance in response to fishing than were parasites of fished hosts, possibly due to compensatory increases in the abundance of unfished hosts. While complex life cycle parasites tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, directly transmitted parasites tended to increase. Among complex life cycle parasites, those with fished hosts tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, while those with unfished hosts tended to increase. However, among directly transmitted parasites, responses did not differ between parasites with and without fished hosts. This work suggests that parasite assemblages are likely to change substantially in composition in increasingly fished ecosystems, and that parasite life history and fishing status of the host are important in predicting the response of individual parasite species or groups to fishing. C1 [Wood, Chelsea L.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Wood, Chelsea L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Wood, CL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, N122,Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Chelsea.Wood@colorado.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Alyce B. and Henry J. Ramey, Jr. Stanford Graduate Fellowship FX CLW was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and an Alyce B. and Henry J. Ramey, Jr. Stanford Graduate Fellowship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 42 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 142 IS 1 SI SI BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1017/S003118201400002X PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CA8EJ UT WOS:000349149200010 PM 24598058 ER PT J AU Gilmour, DM Butler, VL O'Connor, JE Davis, EB Culleton, BJ Kennett, DJ Hodgins, G AF Gilmour, Daniel M. Butler, Virginia L. O'Connor, Jim E. Davis, Edward Byrd Culleton, Brendan J. Kennett, Douglas J. Hodgins, Gregory TI Chronology and ecology of late Pleistocene megafauna in the northern Willamette Valley, Oregon SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Megafaunal extinctions; Pleistocene; Pacific Northwest; Stable isotopes; Younger Dryas; Overkill ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; BATTLE GROUND LAKE; COLLAGEN EXTRACTION; HUMAN COPROLITES; ISOTOPE RATIOS; GREAT-BASIN; AMERICA; RADIOCARBON; CLOVIS; WASHINGTON AB Since the mid-19th century, western Oregon's Willamette Valley has been a source of remains from a wide variety of extinct megafauna. Few of these have been previously described or dated, but new chronologic and isotopic analyses in conjunction with updated evaluations of stratigraphic context provide substantial new information on the species present, timing of losses, and paleoenvironmental conditions. Using subfossil material from the northern valley, we use AMS radiocarbon dating, stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) analyses, and taxonomic dietary specialization and habitat preferences to reconstruct environments and to develop a local chronology of events that we then compare with continental and regional archaeological and paleoenvironmental data. Analysis of twelve bone specimens demonstrates the presence of bison, mammoth, horse, sloth, and mastodon from similar to 15,000-13,000 cal yr BP. The latest ages coincide with changing regional climate corresponding to the onset of the Younger Dryas. It is suggested that cooling conditions led to increased forest cover, and, along with river aggradation, reduced the area of preferred habitat for the larger bodied herbivores, which contributed to the demise of local megafauna. Archaeological evidence for megafauna-human interactions in the Pacific Northwest is scarce, limiting our ability to address the human role in causing extinction. (C) 2014 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilmour, Daniel M.] Willamette Cultural Resources Associates Ltd, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Gilmour, Daniel M.; Butler, Virginia L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [O'Connor, Jim E.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Davis, Edward Byrd] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Davis, Edward Byrd] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Culleton, Brendan J.; Kennett, Douglas J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hodgins, Gregory] Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Facil, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hodgins, Gregory] Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gilmour, DM (reprint author), Willamette Cultural Resources Associates Ltd, 623 SE Mill St, Portland, OR 97214 USA. EM danny@willamettecra.com; virginia@pdx.edu; oconnor@usgs.gov; edavis@uoregon.edu; bjc23@psu.edu; djk23@psu.edu; ghodgins@physics.arizona.edu RI Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015 OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010 FU Newman Grant of the Department of Anthropology at Portland State University; annual research grant of the Association of Oregon Archaeologists [2009-AOA]; annual research grant of the Oregon Archaeological Society [OAS-2009] FX We wish to thank Y. Addington, K. Ames, A. Farrell, D. Ellingson, M. Full, R. Graham, M. Madan, H. G. McDonald, B. Orr, E. Orr, H. Rutschman, J. Saunders, E. Scott, C. Shaw, and M. Wynne for their constant support and input over the course of this project. M. Adams and P. Solimano helped prepare graphics. Comments from D. Booth, G. Huckleberry, R. L. Lyman, D. Meltzer, and an anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Newman Grant of the Department of Anthropology at Portland State University, the annual research grant of the Association of Oregon Archaeologists (2009-AOA), and the annual research grant of the Oregon Archaeological Society (OAS-2009). The NSF-Arizona AMS Lab underwrote a large portion of the UA AMS dates. V. Butler and L. Gilmour helped fund the specialized analyses. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 83 IS 1 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.09.003 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CA9WU UT WOS:000349276300011 ER PT J AU Reheis, MC Miller, DM McGeehin, JP Redwine, JR Oviatt, CG Bright, J AF Reheis, Marith C. Miller, David M. McGeehin, John P. Redwine, Joanna R. Oviatt, Charles G. Bright, Jordon TI Directly dated MIS 3 lake-level record from Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paleoclimate; Pluvial lake; Mojave Desert; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; Heinrich events ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AGE CALIBRATION CURVES; HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS AB An outcrop-based lake-level curve, constrained by similar to 70 calibrated C-14 ages on Anodonta shells, indicates at least 8 highstands between 45 and 25 cal ka BP within 10 m of the 543-m upper threshold of Lake Manix in the Mojave Desert of southern California. Correlations of Manix highstands with ice, marine, and speleothem records suggest that at least the youngest three highstands coincide with Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) stadials and Heinrich events 3 and 4. The lake-level record is consistent with results from speleothem studies in the Southwest that indicate cool wet conditions during D-O stadials. Notably, highstands between 43 and 25 ka apparently occurred at times of generally low levels of pluvial lakes farther north as interpreted from core-based proxies. Mojave lakes may have been supported by tropical moisture sources during oxygen-isotope stage 3, perhaps controlled by southerly deflection of Pacific storm tracks due to weakening of the sea-surface temperature gradient in response to North Atlantic climate perturbations. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Reheis, Marith C.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Redwine, Joanna R.] US Bur Reclamat, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bright, Jordon] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS-980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mreheis@usgs.gov; dmiller@usgs.gov; mcgeehin@usgs.gov; jredwine@usbr.gov; joviatt@k-state.edu; jbright1@email.arizona.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program. We thank the many field assistants who helped during this study. Gary Skipp (USGS) provided XRD analysis of selected Anodonta shell samples, including a modern A. californiensis shell contributed by Allan K. Smith of Hillsboro, OR. Andy Cyr (USGS) kindly performed the statistical analysis of 14C ages. Many discussions with George Jefferson (Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, Calif.) and Norman Meek (Calif. State Univ.-San Bernardino) helped our understanding of the Manix history and enabled us to clarify many aspects of their careful work. Finally, we thank Jeff Pigati (USGS), Susan Zimmerman (LLNL), and Rob Negrini (CSUB), whose thorough and helpful reviews greatly improved this manuscript. NR 111 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 83 IS 1 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.11.003 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CA9WU UT WOS:000349276300016 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF DeBruyne, RL AF Roseman, Edward F. DeBruyne, Robin L. TI The renaissance of ecosystem integrity in North American large rivers SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE community engagement; connectivity; environmental conditions; ecosystem services; habitat complexity; re-habitation ID SERVICES C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; DeBruyne, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [DeBruyne, Robin L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; DeBruyne, Robin L./0000-0002-9232-7937 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 23 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1111/rec.12175 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA2AJ UT WOS:000348711100007 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP Allen, YC Martin, R Bergan, JF King, K Jacob, R AF Piazza, Bryan P. Allen, Yvonne C. Martin, Richard Bergan, James F. King, Katherine Jacob, Rick TI Floodplain conservation in the Mississippi River Valley: combining spatial analysis, landowner outreach, and market assessment to enhance land protection for the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bald cypress; decision making; flood protection; nutrient management; policy; restoration; stakeholder; wetland ID WETLANDS AB Threats to riverine landscapes are often the result of system-wide river management policy, located far from where the threats appear, or both. As a result, the rationale for land protection to achieve floodplain conservation and restoration has shifted to require that lands must also have multiple and systemic threat abatement benefits. The Mississippi River Flood of 2011 highlighted the need for increased floodplain complexes along the Mississippi River to provide both systemic threat abatement and conservation benefits. We used spatial analysis, landowner outreach, and market assessment to examine ways to enhance land protection in the Atchafalaya River Basin Floodway, the largest river basin swamp North America and the site of two employed floodway locations during the 2011 flood. We identified six Priority Conservation Areas (77,084 ha) in the floodway that are largely privately owned (mean 78.2 +/- 6.4%), with forest dominated by Taxodium distichum (baldcypress) and hydrologic and water quality characteristics considered most suitable for baldcypress regeneration (31.2 +/- 2.4% and 10.2 +/- 3.0% of area, respectively). Landowners expressed high (80%) interest in land protection programs and found the range of property values derived from market analyzes (minimal protection$346 USD/ha; additional protectionsup to $2,223 USD/ha) to be reasonable. We seek to: (1) enhance current land protection in the Atchafalaya River Basin and (2) provide a model for using land protection to increase the number of floodplains for both systemic threat abatement and conservation benefits. C1 [Piazza, Bryan P.; Martin, Richard; Bergan, James F.; King, Katherine; Jacob, Rick] Nature Conservancy, Louisiana Chapter, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Allen, Yvonne C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Piazza, BP (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Louisiana Chapter, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. EM bpiazza@tnc.org FU Walton Family Foundation FX This research was funded by the Walton Family Foundation. The Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Atchafalaya Basin Program provided data access. D.P. Harlan created maps. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 23 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1111/rec.12120 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA2AJ UT WOS:000348711100011 ER PT J AU Beechie, TJ Pess, GR Imaki, H Martin, A Alvarez, J Goodman, DH AF Beechie, Timothy J. Pess, George R. Imaki, Hiroo Martin, Aaron Alvarez, Justin Goodman, Damon H. TI Comparison of potential increases in juvenile salmonid rearing habitat capacity among alternative restoration scenarios, Trinity River, California SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternatives analysis; habitat capacity; restoration potential; restoration targets; river restoration ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; LIMITATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS AB River restoration plans often propose multiple rehabilitation actions to address key habitat impairments, but they rarely attempt to quantify the potential benefits of alternative sets of actions for targeted biota. We use geomorphic and biological analyses to estimate restoration potential under three alternative scenarios for a 64-km section of the Trinity River, California, between the North Fork Trinity River and Lewiston Dam, which is the focus of habitat rehabilitation efforts under the Trinity River Restoration Program. The three scenarios are (1) increasing habitat quality by wood additions and alcove construction, (2) increasing habitat quantity by increasing sinuosity and side-channel length, and (3) increasing both habitat quality and quantity. For each scenario, we used existing stream habitat and juvenile salmonid data from previous studies to estimate potential improvements in fry or pre-smolt production. The potential increase in Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) and O. mykiss (steelhead) fry rearing capacity was 62 and 67%, respectively, for Scenario 1 (increasing habitat quality), and 36 and 44% for Scenario 2 (increasing habitat quantity). Only the most optimistic Scenario 3 (increasing both habitat quality and quantity) more than doubles potential juvenile salmonid production (112% increase in Chinook fry capacity and 107% increase in steelhead fry capacity). These quantitative predictions are useful in developing realistic restoration targets and evaluating whether proposed restoration actions can achieve the aims of a restoration program. C1 [Beechie, Timothy J.; Pess, George R.; Imaki, Hiroo] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Martin, Aaron] Hoopa Valley Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Hoopa, CA 95546 USA. [Alvarez, Justin] Yurok Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Willow Creek, CA 95573 USA. [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Beechie, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for supporting this project, and C. Chamberlain and the TRRP for providing data and guidance for the analysis. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 23 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1111/rec.12131 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA2AJ UT WOS:000348711100012 ER PT J AU Kimball, S AF Kimball, Suzette TI Enhancing Links Between Science and Decision Making SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kimball, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 1 BP 29 EP 31 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CA4SN UT WOS:000348894800013 ER PT J AU Gohar, AA Amer, SA Ward, FA AF Gohar, Abdelaziz A. Amer, Saud A. Ward, Frank A. TI Irrigation infrastructure and water appropriation rules for food security SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; Food security; Reservoir storage; Water appropriation rules; Consumer surplus; Positive mathematical programming ID POLICY OPTIONS; AGRICULTURAL WATER; CONSUMER SURPLUS; ECONOMIC VALUE; RIVER-BASIN; AFGHANISTAN; GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; OPPORTUNITIES; CONSERVATION AB In the developing world's irrigated areas, water management and planning is often motivated by the need for lasting food security. Two important policy measures to address this need are improving the flexibility of water appropriation rules and developing irrigation storage infrastructure. Little research to date has investigated the performance of these two policy measures in a single analysis while maintaining a basin wide water balance. This paper examines impacts of storage capacity and water appropriation rules on total economic welfare in irrigated agriculture, while maintaining a water balance. The application is to a river basin in northern Afghanistan. A constrained optimization framework is developed to examine economic consequences on food security and farm income resulting from each policy measure. Results show that significant improvements in both policy aims can be achieved through expanding existing storage capacity to capture up to 150 percent of long-term average annual water supplies when added capacity is combined with either a proportional sharing of water shortages or unrestricted water trading. An important contribution of the paper is to show how the benefits of storage and a changed water appropriation system operate under a variable climate. Results show that the hardship of droughts can be substantially lessened, with the largest rewards taking place in the most difficult periods. Findings provide a comprehensive framework for addressing future water scarcity, rural livelihoods, and food security in the developing world's irrigated regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gohar, Abdelaziz A.] Univ W Indies, CERMES, Bridgetown, St Michael, Barbados. [Gohar, Abdelaziz A.] South Valley Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Qena, Egypt. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Int Water Resources Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zizo@nmsu.edu; samer@usgs.gov; fward@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Geological Survey International Division FX The authors are grateful for financial support by the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and by the U.S. Geological Survey International Division. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 520 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.036 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AZ5IW UT WOS:000348255900009 ER PT J AU Broms, KM Hooten, MB Fitzpatrick, RM AF Broms, Kristin M. Hooten, Mevin B. Fitzpatrick, Ryan M. TI Accounting for imperfect detection in Hill numbers for biodiversity studies SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; Gini-Simpson index; incidence matrix; multi-species occupancy model; Shannon entropy; species richness ID SPECIES ACCUMULATION CURVES; GREAT-PLAINS; DIVERSITY; EXTRAPOLATION; MODELS; RAREFACTION; SIZE; COMMUNITIES; SIMILARITY; OCCUPANCY AB Hill numbers unify biodiversity metrics by combining several into one expression. For example, species richness, Shannon's diversity index and the Gini-Simpson index are a few of the most used diversity measures, and they can be expressed as Hill numbers. Traditionally, Hill numbers have been calculated from relative abundance data, but the expression has been modified to use incidence data as well. We demonstrate an approach for estimating Hill numbers using an occupancy modelling framework that accounts for imperfect detection. We alter the Hill numbers formula to use occupancy probabilities as opposed to the incidence probabilities that have been used previously and to calculate its summations from the modelled species richness. After introducing the occupancy-based Hill numbers, we demonstrate the differences between them and the incidence-based Hill numbers previously used through a simulation study and two applications. In the simulation study and the two examples using real data, the occupancy-based Hill numbers were larger than the incidence-based Hill numbers, although species richness was estimated similarly using both methods. The occupancy-based Hill number estimators are always at their asymptotic values (i.e. as if an infinite number of samples have been taken for the study region), therefore making it easy to compare biodiversity between different assemblages. In addition, the Hill numbers are computed as derived quantities within a Bayesian hierarchical model, allowing for straightforward inference. C1 [Broms, Kristin M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Ryan M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Aquat Wildlife Res Grp, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Broms, KM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kristin.broms@colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife [1401] FX Funding for this research was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (1401). The authors would like to thank Harry Crockett, Boyd Wright, Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez and John Tipton. Two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful feedback that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12296 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ9MC UT WOS:000348537800010 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, M Dittman, D Starliper, CE Iwanowicz, DD AF Chalupnicki, Marc Dittman, Dawn Starliper, Clifford E. Iwanowicz, Deborah D. TI Efficacy of Iodine for Disinfection of Lake Sturgeon Eggs from the St. Lawrence River, New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ATLANTIC SALMON; IODOPHOR; COMMUNITIES; FORMALIN; TOXICITY; WARM AB Optimal fish husbandry to reduce the risk of disease is particularly important when using wild fish as the source for gametes. The propagation and reestablishment of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in New York waters to become a viable self-sustaining population is considered a high priority by managers. While standard hatchery egg disinfection practices have been used to prevent the transmission of diseases, data on the bacterial loads present on egg surfaces following iodine disinfection is lacking. Our study investigated the bacteria present on the outer surface of Lake Sturgeon eggs and the effectiveness of an iodine disinfection treatment in eliminating bacteria that could pose a threat to egg survival and cause hatchery disease outbreaks. During the springs of 2011-2013, 12 to 41 different species of bacteria were recovered fromthe outer egg surfaces prior to an iodine treatment; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Chryseobacterium were the most common genera identified. Cohort eggs treated using the standard protocol of a single treatment of 50 mg/L iodine for 30 min resulted in an average of 57.8% reduction in bacterial CFU/g. While this is a significant reduction, bacteria were not completely eliminated and hatchery managers should be aware that pathogens could remain on Lake Sturgeon eggs following the standard iodine disinfection treatment. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc; Dittman, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Starliper, Clifford E.; Iwanowicz, Deborah D.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Chalupnicki, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 1 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.963768 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ8KY UT WOS:000348465700013 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Munson, SM Webb, RH Wallace, CSA Duran, CM AF Sankey, Joel B. Munson, Seth M. Webb, Robert H. Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Duran, Cesar M. TI Remote Sensing of Sonoran Desert Vegetation Structure and Phenology with Ground-Based LiDAR SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Lidar; ground-based Lidar; terrestrial laser scanning (TLS); creosote; prickly pear; triangle-leaf bursage; drought; global change; monitoring ID TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER; VARIABLE WINDOW SIZE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; AMBROSIA-DELTOIDEA; FOREST; HEIGHT; SYSTEM AB Long-term vegetation monitoring efforts have become increasingly important for understanding ecosystem response to global change. Many traditional methods for monitoring can be infrequent and limited in scope. Ground-based LiDAR is one remote sensing method that offers a clear advancement to monitor vegetation dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. We determined the effectiveness of LiDAR to detect intra-annual variability in vegetation structure at a long-term Sonoran Desert monitoring plot dominated by cacti, deciduous and evergreen shrubs. Monthly repeat LiDAR scans of perennial plant canopies over the course of one year had high precision. LiDAR measurements of canopy height and area were accurate with respect to total station survey measurements of individual plants. We found an increase in the number of LiDAR vegetation returns following the wet North American Monsoon season. This intra-annual variability in vegetation structure detected by LiDAR was attributable to a drought deciduous shrub Ambrosia deltoidea, whereas the evergreen shrub Larrea tridentata and cactus Opuntia engelmannii had low variability. Benefits of using LiDAR over traditional methods to census desert plants are more rapid, consistent, and cost-effective data acquisition in a high-resolution, 3-dimensional context. We conclude that repeat LiDAR measurements can be an effective method for documenting ecosystem response to desert climatology and drought over short time intervals and at detailed-local spatial scale. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Wallace, Cynthia S. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Duran, Cesar M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,Bldg 4, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov; smunson@usgs.gov; rhwebb@email.arizona.edu; cwallace@usgs.gov; mdurans@email.arizona.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowships FX This research was supported by U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowships (Joel Sankey and Seth Munson). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 46 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 342 EP 359 DI 10.3390/rs70100342 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AZ7MB UT WOS:000348401900017 ER PT J AU Marshall, M Thenkabail, P AF Marshall, Michael Thenkabail, Prasad TI Developing in situ Non-Destructive Estimates of Crop Biomass to Address Issues of Scale in Remote Sensing SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE field measurement; hyperspectral; satellite calibration; radiometer; California; HyspIRI ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION INDEXES; HYPERSPECTRAL NARROWBANDS; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; HYSPIRI MISSION; PLANT BIOMASS; STANDING CROP; WATER-STRESS; NITROGEN AB Ground-based estimates of aboveground wet (fresh) biomass (AWB) are an important input for crop growth models. In this study, we developed empirical equations of AWB for rice, maize, cotton, and alfalfa, by combining several in situ non-spectral and spectral predictors. The non-spectral predictors included: crop height (H), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), leaf area index (LAI), and fraction of vegetation cover (FVC). The spectral predictors included 196 hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) from 350 to 2500 nm. The models for rice, maize, cotton, and alfalfa included H and HNBs in the near infrared (NIR); H, FAPAR, and HNBs in the NIR; H and HNBs in the visible and NIR; and FVC and HNBs in the visible; respectively. In each case, the non-spectral predictors were the most important, while the HNBs explained additional and statistically significant predictors, but with lower variance. The final models selected for validation yielded an R-2 of 0.84, 0.59, 0.91, and 0.86 for rice, maize, cotton, and alfalfa, which when compared to models using HNBs alone from a previous study using the same spectral data, explained an additional 12%, 29%, 14%, and 6% in AWB variance. These integrated models will be used in an up-coming study to extrapolate AWB over 60 x 60 m transects to evaluate spaceborne multispectral broad bands and hyperspectral narrowbands. C1 [Marshall, Michael] World Agroforestry Ctr, Climate Res Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Thenkabail, Prasad] US Geol Survey, Southwestern Geog Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Marshall, M (reprint author), World Agroforestry Ctr, Climate Res Grp, United Nations Ave,POB 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM m.marshall@cgiar.org; pthenkabail@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission area's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Land Remote Sensing programs; Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; USGS; National Association of Geoscience Teachers FX This work was funded primarily by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission area's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Land Remote Sensing programs in concert with the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. Undergraduate and graduate student field support was granted through a cooperative initiative between the USGS and The National Association of Geoscience Teachers. We would like to our extend special thanks to Tony Chang, Jeff Peters, and Bobbijean Freeman who collected the field data and the agricultural extentionists (Mark Keeley, Chris Greer, Cayle Little, Bob Hutmacher, and Shannon Mueller) from the University of California at Davis (UCD) who put us in contact with growers or farm managers interested in our work and permitted us to collect data on UCD managed research farms (West Side and Shafter Research and Extension Centers). We would also like to thank the growers and farm managers (Chuck Mathews, Don Bransford, Jim Casey, Blake Harlan, Mark Boyd, Steve Mellow, Danny Kirshe nmann, John Diener, Marty Roads, Joel Ackerknecht, Scott Schmidt, and Kurt Boeger). Lastly, we would like to thank Deborah Soltesz, Miguel Velasco, Larry Gaffney, and Lois Hales who administered day-to-day logistics while we were in the field. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 808 EP 835 DI 10.3390/rs70100808 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AZ7MB UT WOS:000348401900040 ER PT J AU Draut, AE Ritchie, AC AF Draut, A. E. Ritchie, A. C. TI SEDIMENTOLOGY OF NEW FLUVIAL DEPOSITS ON THE ELWHA RIVER, WASHINGTON, USA, FORMED DURING LARGE-SCALE DAM REMOVAL SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dams; dam removal; river restoration; sediment transport; fluvial geomorphology ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; FINE SEDIMENT; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; DOWNSTREAM; FLOODPLAINS; NORTHWEST; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS; PATTERN AB Removal of two dams 32m and 64m high on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, provided the first opportunity to examine river response to a dam removal and controlled sediment influx on such a large scale. Although many recent river-restoration efforts have included dam removal, large dam removals have been rare enough that their physical and ecological effects remain poorly understood. New sedimentary deposits that formed during this multi-stage dam removal result from a unique, artificially created imbalance between fluvial sediment supply and transport capacity. River flows during dam removal were essentially natural and included no large floods in the first twoyears, while draining of the two reservoirs greatly increased the sediment supply available for fluvial transport. The resulting sedimentary deposits exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity in thickness, stratal-formation patterns, grain size and organic content. Initial mud deposition in the first year of dam removal filled pore spaces in the pre-dam-removal cobble bed, potentially causing ecological disturbance but not aggrading the bed substantially at first. During the second winter of dam removal, thicker and in some cases coarser deposits replaced the early mud deposits. By 18months into dam removal, channel-margin and floodplain deposits were commonly >0.5m thick and, contrary to pre-dam-removal predictions that silt and clay would bypass the river system, included average mud content around 20%. Large wood and lenses of smaller organic particles were common in the new deposits, presumably contributing additional carbon and nutrients to the ecosystem downstream of the dam sites. Understanding initial sedimentary response to the Elwha River dam removals will inform subsequent analyses of longer-term sedimentary, geomorphic and ecosystem changes in this fluvial and coastal system, and will provide important lessons for other river-restoration efforts where large dam removal is planned or proposed. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Draut, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ritchie, A. C.] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This study was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. A. E. D. thanks Olympic National Park for permission to conduct this work under National Park Service study #OLYM-00224, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe for permission to conduct research on tribal reservation lands. Jennifer Bountry and Tim Randle (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) are thanked for valuable discussions and collaboration on many aspects of Elwha River work. Angela Lam (USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center) performed laboratory grain-size and carbon-content analyses. Mark Mastin (USGS Washington Water Science Center) calculated the 2-year flood discharge shown in Figure 2. Andrew Wilcox, Jon Warrick and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments that improved the manuscript. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 42 EP 61 DI 10.1002/rra.2724 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AZ8YI UT WOS:000348497200004 ER PT J AU Wiederholt, R Lopez-Hoffman, L Svancara, C McCracken, G Thogmartin, W Diffendorfer, JE Mattsson, B Bagstad, K Cryan, P Russell, A Semmens, D Medellin, RA AF Wiederholt, Ruscena Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Svancara, Colleen McCracken, Gary Thogmartin, Wayne Diffendorfer, Jay E. Mattsson, Brady Bagstad, Kenneth Cryan, Paul Russell, Amy Semmens, Darius Medellin, Rodrigo A. TI Optimizing conservation strategies for Mexican free-tailed bats: a population viability and ecosystem services approach SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic risks; Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana; Maternity roosts; Conservation assessment and planning; Ecosystem services; Decision-support tools ID TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WIND TURBINES; NORTH-AMERICA; FATALITIES; NETWORKS; SCALES; COSTS; BIRDS; TEXAS AB Conservation planning can be challenging due to the need to balance biological concerns about population viability with social concerns about the benefits biodiversity provide to society, often while operating under a limited budget. Methods and tools that help prioritize conservation actions are critical for the management of at-risk species. Here, we use a multi-attribute utility function to assess the optimal maternity roosts to conserve for maintaining the population viability and the ecosystem services of a single species, the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). Mexican free-tailed bats provide ecosystem services such as insect pest-suppression in agricultural areas and recreational viewing opportunities, and may be threatened by climate change and development of wind energy. We evaluated each roost based on five attributes: the maternity roost's contribution to population viability, the pest suppression ecosystem services to the surrounding area provided by the bats residing in the roost, the ecotourism value of the roost, the risks posed to each roost structure, and the risks posed to the population of bats residing in each roost. We compared several scenarios that prioritized these attributes differently, hypothesizing that the set of roosts with the highest rankings would vary according to the conservation scenario. Our results indicate that placing higher values on different roost attributes (e.g. population importance over ecosystem service value) altered the roost rankings. We determined that the values placed on various conservation objectives are an important determinant of habitat planning. C1 [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura; Svancara, Colleen] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCracken, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Bagstad, Kenneth; Semmens, Darius] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mattsson, Brady] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Integrat Biol & Biodivers Res, Vienna, Austria. [Cryan, Paul] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Russell, Amy] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Wiederholt, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rwiederholt@email.arizona.edu; brady.mattsson@gmail.com RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894; Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1118975]; U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group FX We thank the numerous bat biologists who participated in our maternity roost risk survey and several anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by a National Science Foundation award (DEB-1118975) to L. Lopez-Hoffman. Additional support was received from the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group, Animal Migration and Spatial Subsidies: Establishing a Framework for Conservation Markets. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 63 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10531-014-0790-7 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ3FY UT WOS:000348114100005 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Whitman, MS Jones, BM Grosse, G Gaglioti, BV Heim, KC AF Arp, C. D. Whitman, M. S. Jones, B. M. Grosse, G. Gaglioti, B. V. Heim, K. C. TI Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; THAW LAKE BASINS; COASTAL-PLAIN; NORTH SLOPE; ALASKA; CLASSIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; RIVER; ICE; VARIABILITY AB Beaded streams are widespread in permafrost regions and are considered a common thermokarst landform. However, little is known about their distribution, how and under what conditions they form, and how their intriguing morphology translates to ecosystem functions and habitat. Here we report on a circum-Arctic survey of beaded streams and a watershed-scale analysis in northern Alaska using remote sensing and field studies. We mapped over 400 channel networks with beaded morphology throughout the continuous permafrost zone of northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia and found the highest abundance associated with medium to high ground-ice content permafrost in moderately sloping terrain. In one Arctic coastal plain watershed, beaded streams accounted for half of the drainage density, occurring primarily as low-order channels initiating from lakes and drained lake basins. Beaded streams predictably transition to alluvial channels with increasing drainage area and decreasing channel slope, although this transition is modified by local controls on water and sediment delivery. The comparisons of one beaded channel using repeat photography between 1948 and 2013 indicate a relatively stable landform, and C-14 dating of basal sediments suggest channel formation may be as early as the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Contemporary processes, such as deep snow accumulation in riparian zones, effectively insulate channel ice and allows for perennial liquid water below most beaded stream pools. Because of this, mean annual temperatures in pool beds are greater than 2 degrees C, leading to the development of perennial thaw bulbs or taliks underlying these thermokarst features that range from 0.7 to 1.6 m. In the summer, some pools thermally stratify, which reduces permafrost thaw and maintains cold-water habitats. Snowmelt-generated peak flows decrease rapidly by two or more orders of magnitude to summer low flows with slow reach-scale velocity distributions ranging from 0.01 to 0.1ms(-1), yet channel runs still move water rapidly between pools. The repeating spatial pattern associated with beaded stream morphology and hydrological dynamics may provide abundant and optimal foraging habitat for fish. Beaded streams may create important ecosystem functions and habitat in many permafrost landscapes and their distribution and dynamics are only beginning to be recognized in Arctic research. C1 [Arp, C. D.; Gaglioti, B. V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, M. S.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Jones, B. M.; Gaglioti, B. V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Grosse, G.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Heim, K. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU Bureau of Land Management's Arctic Field Office; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Alaska EPSCoR Northern Test Case [OIA-1208927]; Circum-Arctic Lake Observation Network [ARC-1107481]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX This research was supported primarily by the Bureau of Land Management's Arctic Field Office and the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Additional funding was provided by Alaska EPSCoR Northern Test Case (OIA-1208927), the Circum-Arctic Lake Observation Network (ARC-1107481), and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. We thank F. Urban, R. Kemnitz, C. Couvillion, M. Lilly, J. Adams, J. Derry, H. Toniolo, J. Webster, V. Alexeev, and J. McFarland along with numerous helicopter pilots and ConocoPhilips-Alaska, Inc. (Alpine Facility) for assistance with fieldwork and logistics. This research benefited early on from enlightened conversations with Sveta Stuefer and Matthew Sturm. Two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful and welcomed comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.5194/bg-12-29-2015 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AZ0UR UT WOS:000347960800003 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, FJ McEachern, M Rochford, M Reed, RN Eckles, JK Vinci, J Edwards, J Wasilewski, J AF Mazzotti, Frank J. McEachern, Michelle Rochford, Mike Reed, Robert N. Eckles, Jennifer Ketterlin Vinci, Joy Edwards, Jake Wasilewski, Joseph TI Tupinambis merianae as nest predators of crocodilians and turtles in Florida, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Tupinambis merianae; Alligator mississippiensis; Pseudemys nelsoni; Crocodylus acutus; Invasive species; Nest predation ID REPTILES; AMPHIBIANS; TEGU AB Tupinambis merianae, is a large, omnivorous tegu lizard native to South America. Two populations of tegus are established in the state of Florida, USA, but impacts to native species are poorly documented. During summer 2013, we placed automated cameras overlooking one American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) nest, which also contained a clutch of Florida red-bellied cooter (Pseudemys nelsoni) eggs, and one American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) nest at a site in southeastern Florida where tegus are established. We documented tegu activity and predation on alligator and turtle eggs at the alligator nest, and tegu activity at the crocodile nest. Our finding that one of the first two crocodilian nests to be monitored was depredated by tegus suggests that tegus should be further evaluated as a threat to nesting reptiles in Florida. C1 [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Rochford, Mike; Vinci, Joy] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [McEachern, Michelle; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Eckles, Jennifer Ketterlin; Edwards, Jake] Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Mazzotti, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM fjma@ufl.edu FU South Florida Water Management District; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; U. S. Geological Survey; University of Florida FX This project was supported by the South Florida Water Management District, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the University of Florida. E. Metzger III and C. Gillette brought the crocodile nest to our attention. We thank V. Briggs Gonzalez and J. Duquesnel for their help with checking nests and cameras, and K. Sommers, A. Woodward, and R. Harvey for their helpful comments on this manuscript. Monitoring of the crocodile nest was conducted under endangered species permit number TE077258-1 to the University of Florida and approved by the University of Florida Animal Research Committee approval number 002-11FTL. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0730-1 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY4CW UT WOS:000347526800007 ER PT J AU Bateman, HL Merritt, DM Glenn, EP Nagler, PL AF Bateman, H. L. Merritt, D. M. Glenn, E. P. Nagler, P. L. TI Indirect effects of biocontrol of an invasive riparian plant (Tamarix) alters habitat and reduces herpetofauna abundance SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Lizard; Reptile; Remote-sensing; Riparian; Vegetation index; Weed biocontrol ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; BEETLES DIORHABDA-CARINULATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPP. BIOCONTROL; COLORADO RIVER; RESTORATION; LIZARDS; WATER; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COMMUNITIES AB The biological control agent (tamarisk leaf beetle, Diorhabda spp.) is actively being used to defoliate exotic saltcedar or tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in riparian ecosystems in western USA. The Virgin River in Arizona and Nevada is a system where tamarisk leaf beetle populations are spreading. Saltcedar biocontrol, like other control methods, has the potential to affect non-target species. Because amphibians and reptiles respond to vegetation changes in habitat and forage in areas where beetles are active, herpetofauna are model taxa to investigate potential impacts of biocontrol defoliation. Our objectives related herpetofauna abundance to vegetation cover and indices (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and timing of biocontrol defoliation. We captured herpetofauna and ground-dwelling arthropods in trap arrays and measured vegetation using remotely sensed images and on-the-ground measurements at 16-21 sites 2 years before (2009-2010) and 2 years following (2011-2012) biocontrol defoliation. Following defoliation, riparian stands (including stands mixed with native and exotic trees and stands of monotypic exotic saltcedar) had significantly lower NDVI and EVI values and fewer captures of marked lizards. Total captures of herpetofauna (toads, lizards, and snakes) were related to higher vegetation cover and sites with a lower proportion of saltcedar. Our results suggest that effects of biocontrol defoliation are likely to be site-specific and depend upon the proportion of native riparian trees established prior to biocontrol introduction and defoliation. The mechanisms by which habitat structure, microclimate, and ultimately vertebrate species are affected by exotic plant biocontrol riparian areas should be a focus of natural-resource managers. C1 [Bateman, H. L.] Arizona State Univ, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Merritt, D. M.] US Forest Serv, Watershed Fish Wildlife Air & Rare Plants Staff, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bateman, HL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Polytech Campus,7231 Sonoran Arroya Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM hbatema1@asu.edu FU Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics at Arizona State University FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management in Nevada and Arizona for permitting access to study sites. We thank Aaron Switalski, Michael Bonacci, Rachel Olzer, Nick Vandehei, Rachael Cernetic, Danny Nielsen, Steven Anderson, Michael Cleaver, Paul Maier, Jean Galang, and William Bubnis for field assistance. We thank Tom Dudley and Michael Kuehn for logistical support. We thank Melanie Banville for help with R code. Permits were issued by the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Funding for H.L.B. has come from the Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics at Arizona State University. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0707-0 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY4CW UT WOS:000347526800012 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Nico, LG AF Hunter, Margaret E. Nico, Leo G. TI Genetic analysis of invasive Asian Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the Mississippi River Basin: evidence for multiple introductions SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Cyprinidae; Nuclear microsatellite marker; Mitochondrial marker; Phylogenetic population structure; Polyploidy; Pseudodominant loci ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; CYTOCHROME-B DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DIVERSITY; CYPRINIDAE; SEQUENCES; FISHES; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; SOFTWARE AB Invasive Asian Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) have been present in USA aquaculture facilities since the 1980s and wild Black Carp have been found in the Mississippi River Basin since the early 1990s. This study characterizes the genetic diversity and relatedness of the Basin's Black Carp and clarifies the introduction history. Analyses focused on three mitochondrial markers (control region, cytochrome-b, and 16S) and seven nuclear microsatellite markers (nDNA), using aquaculture and wild-caught samples collected in the upper and lower Mississippi Basin. Of the three mitochondrial haplotypes, two were shared between the aquaculture and wild populations, while a third was only present in upper Mississippi wild-caught specimens. Due to the presence of diploid and triploid fish, microsatellite markers were scored as pseudodominant and revealed low polymorphism (N-A = 4.6, N-A (Ave) = 1.5). Nuclear Bayesian clustering analyses identified two genetically distinct groups and four subclusters, each primarily composed of a unique haplotype. Samples from three aquaculture farms were assigned to group 1, while a fourth farm included samples from both groups 1 and 2. Wild-caught fish from the upper Basin were predominantly group 1, whereas wild samples from the lower Mississippi were assigned to both genetic groups. The presence of divergent haplotypes and distinct nDNA groups, along with geographic distribution patterns, indicate that wild populations in the basin likely resulted from multiple introductions. Genetic similarities between wild and captive populations support claims that aquaculture is the introduction source, but a shortage of samples and a history of repeated transfers among facilities obscure the precise pathway. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.; Nico, Leo G.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 North West 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Invasive Species office; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program FX We thank the following commercial fishers for procuring wild-caught specimens and sharing knowledge: Rusty Kimble, James Gaspard, Dwayne Dibble, Ronnie Watters, Aaron Pierce, Gary Shaw, and Preston Terrell. Others assisting in our hunt for specimen samples, included Mike Freeze, Jody David, Rob Maher, Greg Whitledge, Jacob Norman, James Candrl, Duane Chapman, and Jill Jenkins. Tim King and Michael Eackles provided microsatellite marker sequences and labeled aliquots for testing. Jill Jenkins and Rob Maher shared ploidy data. We are grateful to Jonathan Saunders, Theresa Floyd, and Gaia Meigs-Friend for assisting with sample processing. Rob Robins (Florida Museum of Natural History), Hank Bart and Justin Mann (Tulane University Museum of Natural History) cataloged museum vouchers. Howard Jelks and Mary Brown contributed time and help. Amy Benson and Matthew Neilson kindly reviewed manuscript drafts. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Invasive Species office and the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program provided funding. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0708-z PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY4CW UT WOS:000347526800013 ER PT J AU Richmond, JQ Wood, DA Stanford, JW Fisher, RN AF Richmond, Jonathan Q. Wood, Dustin A. Stanford, James W. Fisher, Robert N. TI Testing for multiple invasion routes and source populations for the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam: implications for pest management SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; Invasive species; Phylogeny; Biological control; Founder event ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TREE SNAKE; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; BOA-CONSTRICTOR; GENETIC DATA; ISLAND; HISTORY; DISEASE; ACETAMINOPHEN AB The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) population on the Pacific island of Guam has reached iconic status as one of the most destructive invasive species of modern times, yet no published works have used genetic data to identify a source population. We used DNA sequence data from multiple genetic markers and coalescent-based phylogenetic methods to place the Guam population within the broader phylogeographic context of B. irregularis across its native range and tested whether patterns of genetic variation on the island are consistent with one or multiple introductions from different source populations. We also modeled a series of demographic scenarios that differed in the effective size and duration of a population bottleneck immediately following the invasion on Guam, and measured the fit of these simulations to the observed data using approximate Bayesian computation. Our results exclude the possibility of serial introductions from different source populations, and instead verify a single origin from the Admiralty Archipelago off the north coast of Papua New Guinea. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that B. irregularis was accidentally transported to Guam during military relocation efforts at the end of World War II. Demographic model comparisons suggest that multiple snakes were transported to Guam from the source locality, but that fewer than 10 individuals could be responsible for establishing the population. Our results also provide evidence that low genetic diversity stemming from the founder event has not been a hindrance to the ecological success of B. irregularis on Guam, and at the same time offers a unique 'genetic opening' to manage snake density using classical biological approaches. C1 [Richmond, Jonathan Q.; Wood, Dustin A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Stanford, James W.] US Geol Survey, Guam Field Stn, Dededo, GU 96912 USA. RP Richmond, JQ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jrichmond@usgs.gov OI Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 FU U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); U.S. Geological Survey FX B. Iova (PNG National Museum), D. Charles (Wildlife Conservation Society, Manus Island), A. Allison (Bernice P. Bishop Museum), F. Krauss (USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services) and C. Austin (Louisiana State Univ.) provided valuable guidance through all stages of our work in Papua New Guinea. We are especially indebted to B. Iova and D. Charles for their field work contributions in Papua New Guinea. We thank J. Robbins (PNG National Research Institute) and B. Wilmot (PNG Department of Environment and Conservation) for assistance with research visas and export permits. We thank residents of Kamiali, Sohoniliu, Mokerang and Pityliu for their field assistance, hospitality, and permission to conduct our research on their land in Papua New Guinea, and the Manus Harbourside Hotel for allowing us to set up a lab in their conference room. G. Rodda, R. Reed and S. Siers provided support for fieldwork on Guam, and B. Lardner and J. Savidge provided helpful insight on Boiga life history on Guam. E. Wostl, S. Schuster, C. Rochester, and C. Brown were instrumental in helping us with field work on Guam. We thank the following people for contributing tissue samples: A. Allison, F. Kraus and K. Imada, (Bernice P. Bishop Museum); G. Rodda (U. S. Geological Survey); P. Couper (Queensland Museum of Natural History); R. Brown (Univ. of Kansas); D. Kizirian (American Museum of Natural History); T. LaDuke (Univ. of Texas, Austin); J. McGuire and C. Spencer (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology); B. Shaffer (Univ. of California, Davis); I. Setiadi and B. Evans (McMaster Univ.); W. Wuster and S. Maddock (Univ. of Wales, Bangor). Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 337 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s10530-014-0733-y PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY4CW UT WOS:000347526800031 ER PT J AU Overton, CT Takekawa, JY Casazza, ML Bui, TD Holyoak, M Strong, DR AF Overton, C. T. Takekawa, J. Y. Casazza, M. L. Bui, T. D. Holyoak, M. Strong, D. R. TI Sea-level rise and refuge habitats for tidal marsh species: Can artificial islands save the California Ridgway's rail? SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Artificial habitat; Camera; Ridgway's rail; Limitation; Sea level rise; Saltmarsh; Rallus obsoletus obsoletus ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION; CONSERVATION; SUCCESS; ESTUARY; RANGE; BIRDS AB Terrestrial species living in intertidal habitats experience refuge limitation during periods of tidal inundation, which may be exacerbated by seasonal variation in vegetation structure, tidal cycles, and land-use change. Sea-level rise projections indicate the severity of refuge limitation may increase. Artificial habitats that provide escape cover during tidal inundation have been proposed as a temporary solution to alleviate these limitations. We tested for evidence of refuge habitat limitation in a population of endangered California Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter California rail) through use of artificial floating island habitats provided during two winters. Previous studies demonstrated that California rail mortality was especially high during the winter and periods of increased tidal inundation, suggesting that tidal refuge habitat is critical to survival. In our study, California rail regularly used artificial islands during higher tides and daylight hours. When tide levels inundated the marsh plain, use of artificial islands was at least 300 times more frequent than would be expected if California rails used artificial habitats proportional to their availability (0.016%). Probability of use varied among islands, and low levels of use were observed at night. These patterns may result from anti-predator behaviors and heterogeneity in either rail density or availability of natural refuges. Endemic saltmarsh species are increasingly at risk from habitat change resulting from sea-level rise and development of adjacent uplands. Escape cover during tidal inundation may need to be supplemented if species are to survive. Artificial habitats may provide effective short-term mitigation for habitat change and sea-level rise in tidal marsh environments, particularly for conservation-reliant species such as California rails. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Overton, C. T.; Casazza, M. L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Takekawa, J. Y.; Bui, T. D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Holyoak, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strong, D. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Overton, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM coverton@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Region 8, Coastal Programs and Recovery Branches; California State Coastal Conservatory; Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We thank Peter Coates and Brian Halstead for helpful suggestions in preparing this manuscript and during analyses; Peggy Olofson and Invasive Spartina Project staff for data contributions; Steve Bobzien, Mark Taylor, and Ralph Trujillo for assistance and access to East Bay Regional Park District properties; and the U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay Field Station staff for assistance with field work. This project was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs and Recovery Branches and by the California State Coastal Conservatory and Department of Fish and Wildlife. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply government endorsement. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 74 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.10.016 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA AY4ZG UT WOS:000347582800039 ER PT J AU Lehman, PW Kendall, C Guerin, MA Young, MB Silva, SR Boyer, GL Teh, SJ AF Lehman, P. W. Kendall, C. Guerin, M. A. Young, M. B. Silva, S. R. Boyer, G. L. Teh, S. J. TI Characterization of the Microcystis Bloom and Its Nitrogen Supply in San Francisco Estuary Using Stable Isotopes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Microcystis; Stable isotopes; Nutrients; Cyanobacteria bloom; Estuary; Streamflow ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITRATE SOURCES; EUTROPHIC LAKE; JOAQUIN RIVER; UNITED-STATES; BAY ESTUARY AB A suite of particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic stable isotopes were needed to determine the source of the nutrients and cells that initiate and sustain the toxic cyanobacteria bloom of Microcystis in San Francisco Estuary. Particulate and dissolved inorganic and organic matter in water and plankton samples were collected biweekly during Microcystis blooms in 2007 and 2008. Stable isotopes for particulate and dissolved organic matter, nitrate, and water (POM-delta C-13, POM-delta N-15, DOC-delta C-13, C/N ratio, NO3-delta N-15, NO3-delta O-18, H2O-delta O-18 and H2O-delta H-2) were compared with Microcystis cell abundance, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and toxic total microcystins concentration, as well as physical and chemical water quality variables, including streamflow. The isotopic composition of particulate organic matter, nitrate, and water differed for the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and varied along the salinity gradient. The variation of particulate organic matter and water isotopes suggested Microcystis primarily entered the estuary from the San Joaquin and Old Rivers, where it was most abundant. Nitrate isotopes along with streamflow variables indicated that the San Joaquin River was a source of nitrate to the estuary. However, stable isotope comparison of the nitrogen in Microcystis cells with the dissolved inorganic nitrate in the San Joaquin River indicated that nitrate was not the primary source of nitrogen that supported the bloom. Instead, ammonium from the Sacramento River was the likely sole source of the nitrogen for most of the bloom. Selective uptake of ammonium may have further contributed to the magnitude of the Microcystis bloom which increased with the percent of ammonium within the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen pool. C1 [Lehman, P. W.] Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Kendall, C.; Young, M. B.; Silva, S. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Guerin, M. A.] Res Management Associates, Fairfield, CA USA. [Boyer, G. L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Teh, S. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lehman, PW (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. EM plehman@water.ca.gov FU California Department of Water Resources, UC Davis; U. S. Geological Survey; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this research was provided through a Delta Science grant to Drs. Lehman, Boyer and Teh with additional financial and facilities assistance from the California Department of Water Resources, UC Davis, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We also thank the reviewers for their careful review of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9811-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY6MM UT WOS:000347680300014 ER PT J AU Baumann, H Wallace, RB Tagliaferri, T Gobler, CJ AF Baumann, Hannes Wallace, Ryan B. Tagliaferri, Tristen Gobler, Christopher J. TI Large Natural pH, CO2 and O-2 Fluctuations in a Temperate Tidal Salt Marsh on Diel, Seasonal, and Interannual Time Scales SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Flax Pond; Long Island Sound; Ocean acidification; Net heterotrophy; Hypoxia; Outwelling hypothesis ID FLAX POND ECOSYSTEM; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL ZONE; IMPACTS AB Coastal marine organisms experience dynamic pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in their natural habitats, which may impact their susceptibility to long-term anthropogenic changes. Robust characterizations of all temporal scales of natural pH and DO fluctuations in different marine habitats are needed; however, appropriate time series of pH and DO are still scarce. We used multiyear (2008-2012), high-frequency (6 min) monitoring data to quantify diel, seasonal, and interannual scales of pH and DO variability in a productive, temperate tidal salt marsh (Flax Pond, Long Island, US). pH(NBS) and DO showed strong and similar seasonal patterns, with average (minimum) conditions declining from 8.2 (8.1) and 12.5 (11.4) mg l(-1) at the end of winter to 7.6 (7.2) and 6.3 (2.8) mg l(-1) in late summer, respectively. Concomitantly, average diel fluctuations increased from 0.22 and 2.2mg l(-1) (February) to 0.74 and 6.5 mg l(-1) (August), respectively. Diel patterns were modulated by tides and time of day, eliciting the most extreme minima when low tides aligned with the end of the night. Simultaneous in situ pCO(2) measurements showed striking fluctuations between similar to 330 and similar to 1,200 (early May), similar to 2,200 (mid June), and similar to 4,000 mu atm (end of July) within single tidal cycles. These patterns also indicate that the marsh's strong net heterotrophy influences its adjacent estuary by 'outwelling' acidified the coupled and fluctuating nature of pH and DO conditions in productive coastal and estuarine environments, which have yet to be adequately represented by experiments. C1 [Baumann, Hannes] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wallace, Ryan B.; Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. [Tagliaferri, Tristen] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Coram, NY 11727 USA. RP Baumann, H (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 123 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hannes.baumann@stonybrook.edu OI Baumann, Hannes/0000-0002-4039-4230 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1129622]; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program from the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science [NA12NOS4780148]; Chicago Community Trust FX We thank Chris Schubert from the USGS for facilitating this study. Chris Murray and Alex Malvezzi are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance during the deployment of the CO2 sensor in 2012. H.B. and C.G. were partially funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF No. 1129622), and C.G. was partially funded by NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program through award #NA12NOS4780148 from the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science and the Chicago Community Trust. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 83 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 220 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9800-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY6MM UT WOS:000347680300018 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T Haro, A AF Castro-Santos, Theodore Haro, Alex TI Survival and Behavioral Effects of Exposure to a Hydrokinetic Turbine on Juvenile Atlantic Salmon and Adult American Shad SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Hydroelectric; Migration; Fish passage; Injury; Turbine; Behavior; Telemetry; Salmon; Shad ID VELOCITY BARRIERS; RIVER; DAMS; MORTALITY; UPSTREAM; FISHWAYS; PASSAGE; FISHES AB This paper describes a series of experiments designed to measure the effect of exposure to a full-scale, vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine on downstream migrating juvenile Atlantic salmon (N=175) and upstream migrating adult American shad (N=208). Controlled studies were performed in a large-scale, open-channel flume, and all individuals approached the turbine under volitional control. No injuries were observed, and there was no measurable increase in mortality associated with turbine passage. Exposure to the turbine elicited behavioral responses from both species, however, with salmon passing primarily over the downrunning blades. Shad movement was impeded by the device, as indicated by fewer attempts of shorter duration and reduced distance of ascent up the flume. More work should be performed in both laboratory and field conditions to determine to what extent these effects are likely to influence free-swimming fish. C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore; Haro, Alex] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, POB 796,One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM tcastrosantos@usgs.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU US Department of Energy, Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Alaska Fish and Game and NewEnergy Corp FX This work was supported by funding from the US Department of Energy, Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Alaska Fish and Game and NewEnergy Corp. Special thanks to Steve Walk and John Noreika (USGS Conte Lab); Amy Teffer and Melissa Belcher (University of Massachusetts Amherst); Paul Jacobson (Electric Power Research Institute), Bruce Hannah (DFO); and Bob Moll (New Energy Corp.). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S203 EP S214 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9680-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700017 ER PT J AU Needles, LA Lester, SE Ambrose, R Andren, A Beyeler, M Connor, MS Eckman, JE Costa-Pierce, BA Gaines, SD Lafferty, KD Lenihan, HS Parrish, J Peterson, MS Scaroni, AE Weis, JS Wendt, DE AF Needles, Lisa A. Lester, Sarah E. Ambrose, Richard Andren, Anders Beyeler, Marc Connor, Michael S. Eckman, James E. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Gaines, Steven D. Lafferty, Kevin D. Lenihan, Hunter S. Parrish, Julia Peterson, Mark S. Scaroni, Amy E. Weis, Judith S. Wendt, Dean E. TI Managing Bay and Estuarine Ecosystems for Multiple Services SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based management; Ecosystem services; Estuary; Bay; Tradeoff analysis; Ecosystem function; Marine spatial planning; Decision support tool ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; HABITAT DEGRADATION; COASTAL DEVELOPMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OYSTER REEFS; IMPACTS; PROTECTION; MANAGEMENT AB Managers are moving from a model of managing individual sectors, human activities, or ecosystem services to an ecosystem-based management (EBM) approach which attempts to balance the range of services provided by ecosystems. Applying EBM is often difficult due to inherent tradeoffs in managing for different services. This challenge particularly holds for estuarine systems, which have been heavily altered in most regions and are often subject to intense management interventions. Estuarine managers can often choose among a range of management tactics to enhance a particular service; although some management actions will result in strong tradeoffs, others may enhance multiple services simultaneously. Management of estuarine ecosystems could be improved by distinguishing between optimal management actions for enhancing multiple services and those that have severe tradeoffs. This requires a framework that evaluates tradeoff scenarios and identifies management actions likely to benefit multiple services. We created a management action-services matrix as a first step towards assessing tradeoffs and providing managers with a decision support tool. We found that management actions that restored or enhanced natural vegetation (e.g., salt marsh and mangroves) and some shellfish (particularly oysters and oyster reef habitat) benefited multiple services. In contrast, management actions such as desalination, salt pond creation, sand mining, and large container shipping had large net negative effects on several of the other services considered in the matrix. Our framework provides resource managers a simple way to inform EBM decisions and can also be used as a first step in more sophisticated approaches that model service delivery. C1 [Needles, Lisa A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Needles, Lisa A.; Lester, Sarah E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wendt, Dean E.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Wendt, Dean E.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Lester, Sarah E.; Gaines, Steven D.; Lenihan, Hunter S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ambrose, Richard] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Andren, Anders] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Beyeler, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Sociol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beyeler, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beyeler, Marc] MBA Consultants, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Connor, Michael S.] East Bay Dischargers Author, San Lorenzo, CA 94580 USA. [Eckman, James E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Calif Sea Grant Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Parrish, Julia] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parrish, Julia] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peterson, Mark S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Scaroni, Amy E.] Univ Maryland Sea Grant Extens, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. [Weis, Judith S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Needles, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lisa.needles@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487; Wendt, Dean/0000-0002-1732-5616 FU NOAA's National Sea Grant Office FX This work was funded by a grant from NOAA's National Sea Grant Office to S. Gaines and S. Lester. This work greatly benefited from the input of the editor, the guest editor and two anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S35 EP S48 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9602-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700004 ER PT J AU Wollheim, WM Green, MB Pellerin, BA Morse, NB Hopkinson, CS AF Wollheim, W. M. Green, M. B. Pellerin, B. A. Morse, N. B. Hopkinson, C. S. TI Causes and Consequences of Ecosystem Service Regionalization in a Coastal Suburban Watershed SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Regionalization; Watersheds; Water supply; Nitrogen regulation; Sources; Historical ID LAND-USE CHANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; HISTORICAL CHANGES; NORTHEASTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; MASSACHUSETTS; LANDSCAPE; CLIMATE; RETENTION AB The demand for ecosystem services and the ability of natural ecosystems to provide those services evolve over time as population, land use, and management practices change. Regionalization of ecosystem service activity, or the expansion of the area providing ecosystem services to a population, is a common response in densely populated coastal regions, with important consequences for watershed water and nitrogen (N) fluxes to the coastal zone. We link biophysical and historical information to explore the causes and consequences of change in ecosystem service activity-focusing on water provisioning and N regulation-from 1850 to 2010 in a coastal suburban watershed, the Ipswich River watershed in northeastern Massachusetts, USA. Net interbasin water transfers started in the late 1800s due to regionalization of water supply for use by larger populations living outside the Ipswich watershed boundaries, reaching a peak in the mid-1980s. Over much of the twentieth century, about 20% of river runoff was diverted from reaching the estuary, with greater proportions during drought years. Ongoing regionalization of water supply has contributed to recent declines in diversions, influenced by socioecological feedbacks resulting from the river drying and fish kills. Similarly, the N budget has been greatly perturbed since the suburban era began in the 1950s due to food and lawn fertilizer imports and human waste release. However, natural ecosystems are able to remove most of this anthropogenic N, mitigating impacts on the coastal zone. We propose a conceptual model whereby the amount and type of ecosystem services provided by coastal watersheds in urban regions expand and contract over time as regional population expands and ecosystem services are regionalized. We hypothesize that suburban watersheds can be hotspots of ecosystem service sources because they retain sufficient ecosystem function to still produce services that meet increasing demand from the local population and nearby urban centers. Historical reconstruction of ecosystem service activity provides a perspective that may help to better understand coupled human-natural system processes and lead to more sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. C1 [Wollheim, W. M.; Morse, N. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wollheim, W. M.; Morse, N. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Green, M. B.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH USA. [Green, M. B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Pellerin, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hopkinson, C. S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wollheim, WM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wil.wollheim@unh.edu OI Green, Mark/0000-0002-7415-7209 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-OCE-1058747, OCE 1238212, NSF-CHN-0709685] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants NSF-OCE-1058747 and OCE 1238212 (Plum Island LTER) and NSF-CHN-0709685. We thank Kerry Mackin for compiling the recent water use data from MA-DEP. We thank Dan Bain for the helpful discussions and comments that improved this paper. We thank Colin Polsky, Gil Pontius, and Jon Duncan for the discussions that aided in the development of this manuscript, as well as the helpful comments by Laurel Larsen and two anonymous reviewers. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 SU 1 BP S19 EP S34 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AZ0TE UT WOS:000347956700003 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF AF Konikow, Leonard F. TI Long-Term Groundwater Depletion in the United States SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PLAINS; WATER; SUSTAINABILITY; AQUIFER; KANSAS; TIME AB The volume of groundwater stored in the subsurface in the United States decreased by almost 1000 km(3) during 1900-2008. The aquifer systems with the three largest volumes of storage depletion include the High Plains aquifer, the Mississippi Embayment section of the Gulf Coastal Plain aquifer system, and the Central Valley of California. Depletion rates accelerated during 1945-1960, averaging 13.6 km(3)/year during the last half of the century, and after 2000 increased again to about 24 km(3)/year. Depletion intensity is a new parameter, introduced here, to provide a more consistent basis for comparing storage depletion problems among various aquifers by factoring in time and areal extent of the aquifer. During 2001-2008, the Central Valley of California had the largest depletion intensity. Groundwater depletion in the United States can explain 1.4% of observed sea-level rise during the 108-year study period and 2.1% during 2001-2008. Groundwater depletion must be confronted on local and regional scales to help reduce demand (primarily in irrigated agriculture) and/or increase supply. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1111/gwat.12306 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1EA UT WOS:000347981800002 PM 25510437 ER PT J AU Foglia, L Mehl, SW AF Foglia, L. Mehl, S. W. TI The Role of Regression Performance on Multimodel Analysis SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID MODELS; INFERENCE AB In this work, we provide suggestions for designing experiments where calibration of many models is required and guidance for identifying problematic calibrations. Calibration of many conceptual models which have different representations of the physical processes in the system, as is done in cross-validation studies or multi-model analysis, often uses computationally frugal inversion techniques to achieve tractable execution times. However, because these frugal methods are usually local methods, and the inverse problem is almost always nonlinear, there is no guarantee that the optimal solution will be found. Furthermore, evaluation of each inverse model's performance to identify poor calibrations can be tedious. Results of this study show that if poorly calibrated models are included in the analysis, simulated predictions and measures of prediction uncertainty can be affected in unexpected ways. Guidelines are provided to help identify problematic regressions and correct them. C1 [Foglia, L.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Geosci, Hydrogeol Grp, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Mehl, S. W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mehl, S. W.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Civil Engn, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Foglia, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Geosci, Hydrogeol Grp, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM foglia@geo.tu-darmstadt.de NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1111/gwat.12144 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1EA UT WOS:000347981800017 PM 24329479 ER PT J AU Sheets, RA Hill, MC Haitjema, HM Provost, AM Masterson, JP AF Sheets, Rodney A. Hill, Mary C. Haitjema, Henk M. Provost, Alden M. Masterson, John P. TI Simulation of Water-Table Aquifers Using Specified Saturated Thickness SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE-DENSITY FLOW; COASTAL AQUIFER; SYSTEM AB Simulating groundwater flow in a water-table (unconfined) aquifer can be difficult because the saturated thickness available for flow depends on model-calculated hydraulic heads. It is often possible to realize substantial time savings and still obtain accurate head and flow solutions by specifying an approximate saturated thickness a priori, thus linearizing this aspect of the model. This specified-thickness approximation often relies on the use of the " confined" option in numerical models, which has led to confusion and criticism of the method. This article reviews the theoretical basis for the specified-thickness approximation, derives an error analysis for relatively ideal problems, and illustrates the utility of the approximation with a complex test problem. In the transient version of our complex test problem, the specified-thickness approximation produced maximum errors in computed drawdown of about 4% of initial aquifer saturated thickness even when maximum drawdowns were nearly 20% of initial saturated thickness. In the final steady-state version, the approximation produced maximum errors in computed drawdown of about 20% of initial aquifer saturated thickness (mean errors of about 5%) when maximum drawdowns were about 35% of initial saturated thickness. In early phases of model development, such as during initial model calibration efforts, the specified-thickness approximation can be a very effective tool to facilitate convergence. The reduced execution time and increased stability obtained through the approximation can be especially useful when many model runs are required, such as during inverse model calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, multimodel analysis, and development of optimal resource management scenarios. C1 [Sheets, Rodney A.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Haitjema, Henk M.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Provost, Alden M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Masterson, John P.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Sheets, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM rasheets@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1111/gwat.12164 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1EA UT WOS:000347981800019 PM 24502651 ER PT J AU Tadesse, T Wardlow, BD Brown, JF Svoboda, MD Hayes, MJ Fuchs, B Gutzmer, D AF Tadesse, Tsegaye Wardlow, Brian D. Brown, Jesslyn F. Svoboda, Mark D. Hayes, Michael J. Fuchs, Brian Gutzmer, Denise TI Assessing the Vegetation Condition Impacts of the 2011 Drought across the US Southern Great Plains Using the Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AVHRR DATA; IMAGERY; AREAS; SCALE; INDIA AB The vegetation drought response index (VegDRI), which combines traditional climate-and satellite-based approaches for assessing vegetation conditions, offers new insights into assessing the impacts of drought from local to regional scales. In 2011, the U.S. southern Great Plains, which includes Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, was plagued by moderate to extreme drought that was intensified by an extended period of record-breaking heat. The 2011 drought presented an ideal case study to evaluate the performance of VegDRI in characterizing developing drought conditions. Assessment of the spatiotemporal drought patterns represented in the VegDRI maps showed that the severity and patterns of the drought across the region corresponded well to the record warm temperatures and much-below-normal precipitation reported by the National Climatic Data Center and the sectoral drought impacts documented by the Drought Impact Reporter (DIR). VegDRI values and maps also showed the evolution of the drought signal before the Las Conchas Fire (the largest fire in New Mexico's history). Reports in the DIR indicated that the 2011 drought had major adverse impacts on most rangeland and pastures in Texas and Oklahoma, resulting in total direct losses of more than $12 billion associated with crop, livestock, and timber production. These severe impacts on vegetation were depicted by the VegDRI at subcounty, state, and regional levels. This study indicates that the VegDRI maps can be used with traditional drought indicators and other in situ measures to help producers and government officials with various management decisions, such as justifying disaster assistance, assessing fire risk, and identifying locations to move livestock for grazing. C1 [Tadesse, Tsegaye; Svoboda, Mark D.; Hayes, Michael J.; Fuchs, Brian; Gutzmer, Denise] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wardlow, Brian D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brown, Jesslyn F.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Tadesse, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 816 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St POB 830988, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ttadesse2@unl.edu RI Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015; OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 FU NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) FX This research was partially supported by NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS). The authors thank Chris Poulsen, Karin Callahan, and Kelly Smith for their contributions to this work. The authors also thank Deborah Wood of the National Drought Mitigation Center for her editorial comments. In addition, the authors thank the many people who help with operational processing of VegDRI at the EROS Center, including Danny Howard, Stefanie Bohms, Terry Vaughn, Mike Steuck, and Shayam Balaji. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or U.S. government. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 1 BP 153 EP 169 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0048.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0SB UT WOS:000347953700011 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Minnis, AM Meteyer, CU Redell, JA White, JP Kaarakka, HM Muller, LK Lindner, DL Verant, ML Shearn-Bochsler, V Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Minnis, Andrew M. Meteyer, Carol U. Redell, Jennifer A. White, J. Paul Kaarakka, Heather M. Muller, Laura K. Lindner, Daniel L. Verant, Michelle L. Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Blehert, David S. TI THE FUNGUS TRICHOPHYTON REDELLII SP NOV CAUSES SKIN INFECTIONS THAT RESEMBLE WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME OF HIBERNATING BATS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bat; dermatophyte; fungal infection; hibernation; Trichophyton; white-nose syndrome ID GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; GENETIC-VARIATION; DERMATOPHYTES; BOOTSTRAP; CAVES AB Before the discovery of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease caused by Pseudo gymnoascus destructans, there were no reports of fungal skin infections in bats during hibernation. In 2011, bats with grossly visible fungal skin infections similar in appearance to WNS were reported from multiple sites in Wisconsin, US, a state outside the known range of P. destructans and WNS at that time. Tape impressions or swab samples were collected from affected areas of skin from bats with these fungal infections in 2012 and analyzed by microscopy, culture, or direct DNA amplification and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). A psychrophilic species of Trichophyton was isolated in culture, detected by direct DNA amplification and sequencing, and observed on tape impressions. Deoxyribonucleic acid indicative of the same fungus was also detected on three of five bat carcasses collected in 2011 and 2012 from Wisconsin, Indiana, and Texas, US. Superficial fungal skin infections caused by Trichophyton sp. were observed in histopathology for all three bats. Sequencing of the ITS of Trichophyton sp., along with its inability to grow at 25 C, indicated that it represented a previously unknown species, described herein as Trichophyton redellii sp. nov. Genetic diversity present within T. redellii suggests it is native to North America but that it had been overlooked before enhanced efforts to study fungi associated with bats in response to the emergence of WNS. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Verant, Michelle L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Minnis, Andrew M.; Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.; Muller, Laura K.; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Redell, Jennifer A.; White, J. Paul; Kaarakka, Heather M.] Bur Nat Heritage Conservat, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; US Forest Service FX This work was supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and the US Forest Service. We thank Andrew Badje and Tyler Brandt for their help in collecting samples; D. Earl Green for contributing postmortem examination and histopathologic findings; Brenda Berlowski-Zier, Douglas Berndt, Elizabeth Bohuski, Kathryn Griffin, and Dottie Johnson for assistance with postmortem examinations or routine diagnostic work; and Anne Ballmann, Jennifer Buckner, and C. LeAnn White for coordinating sample submission. We thank Al Hicks for providing a photograph of a bat with white-nose syndrome (Fig. 1B). The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government or by the State of Wisconsin. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.7589/2014-05-134 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AZ1LS UT WOS:000348001200005 PM 25375940 ER PT J AU Atwood, T Peacock, E Burek-Huntington, K Shearn-Bochsler, V Bodenstein, B Beckmen, K Durner, G AF Atwood, Todd Peacock, Elizabeth Burek-Huntington, Kathy Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Bodenstein, Barbara Beckmen, Kimberlee Durner, George TI PREVALENCE AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF AN ALOPECIA SYNDROME IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) OF THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alopecia; Arctic; disease; polar bears; skin lesion; Ursus maritimus ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS; BODY CONDITION; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ICE; REPRODUCTION; SEASONALITY; DERMATITIS; NUTRITION; SVALBARD AB Alopecia (hair loss) has been observed in several marine mammal species and has potential energetic consequences for sustaining a normal core body temperature, especially for Arctic marine mammals routinely exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on a thick layer of adipose tissue and a dense pelage to ameliorate convective heat loss while moving between sea ice and open water. From 1998 to 2012, we observed an alopecia syndrome in polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska that presented as bilaterally asymmetrical loss of guard hairs and thinning of the undercoat around the head, neck, and shoulders, which, in severe cases, was accompanied by exudation and crusted skin lesions. Alopecia was observed in 49 (3.45%) of the bears sampled during 1,421 captures, and the apparent prevalence varied by years with peaks occurring in 1999 (16%) and 2012 (28%). The probability that a bear had alopecia was greatest for subadults and for bears captured in the Prudhoe Bay region, and alopecic individuals had a lower body condition score than unaffected individuals. The cause of the syndrome remains unknown and future work should focus on identifying the causative agent and potential effects on population vital rates. C1 [Atwood, Todd; Peacock, Elizabeth; Durner, George] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathy] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Bodenstein, Barbara] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Atwood, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tatwood@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank K. Simac, A. Pagano, T. Donnelly, G. York, and S. Amstrup for their effort in the field. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Climate and Land Use Change, Outer Continental Shelf, and Environmental Health programs, and the Bureau of Land Management. D. Gohmert and H. Reed safely piloted helicopters during polar bear captures. K. Rode and R. Stimmelmayr provided crucial input on developing the sampling protocol. We thank K. Oakley, A. DeGange, D. Mulcahy, and J. Pearce for facilitating the research, and C. Duncan for aiding with the interpretation of pathology results. D. Mulcahy, C. Van Hemert, and K. Titus provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Polar bear capture, handling, and sampling protocols were approved by the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not reflect endorsement by the federal government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.7589/2013-11-301 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AZ1LS UT WOS:000348001200006 PM 25375943 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Brown, MB Vaughn, M Gowan, TA Hasskamp, MA Torres, MCM AF Berry, Kristin H. Brown, Mary B. Vaughn, Mercy Gowan, Timothy A. Hasskamp, Mary Ann Melendez Torres, Ma Cristina TI MYCOPLASMA AGASSIZII IN MORAFKA'S DESERT TORTOISE (GOPHERUS MORAFKAI) IN MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cutaneous dyskeratosis; Gopherus morafkai; health evaluations; Morafka's tortoise; Mycoplasma agassizii; Mycoplasma testudineum; trauma ID UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MOJAVE DESERT; WESTERN-BLOT; DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; HERPESVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; REPTILES; ARIZONA AB We conducted health evaluations of 69 wild and 22 captive Morafka's desert tortoises (Gopher-us moraficai) in Mexico between 2005 and 2008. The wild tortoises were from II sites in the states of Sonora and Sinaloa, and the captive tortoises were from the state-managed Centro Ecologic de Sonora Zoo in Hermosillo and a private residence in the town of Alamos. We tested 88 tortoises for mycoplasmal upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for specific antibody and by culture and PCR for detection of Mycoplasma agassizii and Mycoplasma testudineum. Fifteen of 22 captive tortoises had one or more positive diagnostic test results for M. agassizii whereas no wild tortoises had positive tests. Tortoises with positive tests also had significantly more moderate and severe clinical signs of mycoplasmosis on beaks and nares compared to tortoises with negative tests. Captive tortoises also exhibited significantly more clinical signs of illness than did wild tortoises, including lethargy and moderate to severe ocular signs. The severity of trauma and diseases of the shell and integument did not differ significantly among tortoises by site; however, clinical signs of moderate to severe trauma and disease were more prevalent in older tortoises. Similar to research findings for other species in the genus Gopher-us in the US, we found that URTD is an important disease in captive tortoises. If they escape or are released by intention or accident to the wild, captive tortoises are likely to pose risks to healthy, naive wild populations. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Gowan, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Brown, Mary B.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Melendez Torres, Ma Cristina] Comis Ecol & Desarrollo Sustentable Estado Sonora, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; University of Florida; University of Arizona; Desert Tortoise Council; Tucson Herpetological Society; Arizona Game and Fish Department, Royal Ontario Museum FX This project was only possible through the generosity and assistance of many individuals and agencies. We thank F. R. Mendez de la Cruz of the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cd. Mexico; the Centro Ecologic de Sonora; Comision de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora; Area de, Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Sierra de Alamos Rio Cuchujaqui (CONANP); Secretaria de Medio Ambente Y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT); and owners and members of the following cooperatives and ranches (Rancho): Las Cabras, La Sierrita, El Divisadero, La Pintada, Cerro Colorado, San Judas, El Moscobampo, El Chupadero, San Miguel, Carricito Topolobampo, and Cajon de Felix. We thank J. Yee, K. Nussear, K. Phillips, and anonymous reviewers who contributed to improvements in the manuscript. W. Hasskamp, C. Furman, E. Smith, J. Weidensee, K. Herbinson, R. Woodard, L. Pavliscak, T. Poole, P. Woodman, P. Frank, P. Rosen, A. Karl, M. Figueroa, J. Miranda, C. Sanchez, and Y. Leon assisted in the field. J. Mack assisted with data analysis. M.C.M.T. held federal permits from SEMARNAT. The Mycoplasma Laboratory (M.M.B.), University of Florida, Gainesville, processed all blood and nasal lavage samples (University of Florida, approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol A616). The project was supported by the US Geological Survey, University of Florida, University of Arizona, Desert Tortoise Council, Tucson Herpetological Society, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Royal Ontario Museum, and the volunteer field biologists. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.7589/2014-04-083 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AZ1LS UT WOS:000348001200010 PM 25375948 ER PT J AU White, CL Ip, HS Meteyer, CU Walsh, DP Hall, JS Carstensen, M Wolf, PC AF White, C. LeAnn Ip, Hon S. Meteyer, Carol U. Walsh, Daniel P. Hall, Jeffrey S. Carstensen, Michelle Wolf, Paul C. TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS-1 OUTBREAKS IN DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS (PHALACROCORAX AURITUS) IN THE USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Juvenile; management; Midwest; mortality; Newcastle Disease virus; wild birds ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; NOMENCLATURE; EPIDEMIC; FLORIDA; CANADA AB Morbidity and mortality events caused by avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) in Double-crested Cormorant (DCCO; Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting colonies in the US and Canada have been sporadically documented in the literature. We describe APMV-1 associated outbreaks in DCCO in the US from the first reported occurrence in 1992 through 2012. The frequency of APMV-1 outbreaks has increased in the US over the last decade, but the majority of events have continued to occur in DCCO colonies in the Midwestern states. Although morbidity and mortality in conesting species has been frequently reported during DCCO APMV-1 outbreaks, our results suggest that isolation of APMV-1 is uncommon in species other than DCCO during APMV-1 outbreaks and that the cause of mortality in other species is associated with other pathogens. Populations of DCCO do not appear to have been significantly affected by this disease; however, because at least 65% of the APMV-1 outbreaks in DCCO in the US have involved APMV-1 strains classified as virulent to poultry (virulent Newcastle disease virus), its persistence and increased occurrence in DCCO warrants continued research and surveillance. C1 [White, C. LeAnn; Ip, Hon S.; Meteyer, Carol U.; Walsh, Daniel P.; Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Carstensen, Michelle] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Hlth Program, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. [Wolf, Paul C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. RP White, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM clwhite@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.7589/2014-05-132 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AZ1LS UT WOS:000348001200011 PM 25390762 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Breck, SW Fox, KA Gese, EM AF Poessel, Sharon A. Breck, Stewart W. Fox, Karen A. Gese, Eric M. TI Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure and Toxicosis in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Denver Metropolitan Area SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brodifacoum; bromadiolone; poison; second-generation; toxicant; urban ID NONTARGET WILDLIFE; NOTOEDRIC MANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAIN LIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; BOBCATS; BRODIFACOUM AB Anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used in urban areas to control rodent pests and are responsible for secondary poisoning in many nontarget wildlife species. We tested the livers of five coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado, US, for anticoagulant rodenticides. All five livers were positive for brodifacoum, with values ranging from 95 ppb to 320 ppb, and one liver was positive for bromadiolone, with a value of 885 ppb. Both of these rodenticides are second-generation anticoagulants, which are more potent and more likely to cause secondary poisoning than first-generation anticoagulants due to their accumulation and persistence in the liver. We concluded that exposure to these rodenticides may have caused the death of at least two of the five coyotes, and urban coyotes in our study area are commonly exposed to rodenticides. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Fox, Karen A.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv,USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sharpoes@gmail.com RI Poessel, Sharon/B-3651-2013; Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X; FU US Department of Agriculture; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; Colorado Parks and Wildlife FX We thank J. Brinker, J. Kougher, S. Koyle, D. Lewis, and F. Quarterone for assistance with trapping and handling coyotes. We also thank Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory for testing liver samples. Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, and Colorado Parks and Wildlife. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.7589/2014-04-116 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AZ1LS UT WOS:000348001200032 PM 25380355 ER PT J AU Lebarbenchon, C Wilcox, BR Poulson, RL Slusher, MJ Fedorova, NB Katzel, DA Cardona, CJ Knutsen, GA Wentworth, DE Stallknecht, DE AF Lebarbenchon, Camille Wilcox, Benjamin R. Poulson, Rebecca L. Slusher, Morgan J. Fedorova, Nadia B. Katzel, Dan A. Cardona, Carol J. Knutsen, Greggory A. Wentworth, David E. Stallknecht, David E. TI Isolation of Type A Influenza Viruses from Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID BIRDS AB Six type-A low pathogenic influenza viruses from 14 Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena) from Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge were sequenced. The grebe viruses were closely related to North American duck viruses. The genetic and temporal subtype consistency between the duck and grebe isolates suggest spillover events, potentially enhanced by feather eating. C1 [Lebarbenchon, Camille; Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Slusher, Morgan J.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lebarbenchon, Camille] Univ Reun Isl, St Denis 97715, Reunion. [Fedorova, Nadia B.; Katzel, Dan A.; Wentworth, David E.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Knutsen, Greggory A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Agassiz Natl Wildlife Refuge, Middle River, MN 56737 USA. RP Lebarbenchon, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM camille.lebarbenchon@univ-reunion.fr RI Lebarbenchon, Camille/H-7245-2013; OI Lebarbenchon, Camille/0000-0002-0922-7573; Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X FU PHS HHS [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN272200900007C] NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 290 EP 293 DI 10.7589/2014-05-126 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AZ1LS UT WOS:000348001200038 PM 25380358 ER PT J AU Dreger, DS Beroza, GC Day, SM Goulet, CA Jordan, TH Spudich, PA Stewart, JP AF Dreger, Douglas S. Beroza, Gregory C. Day, Steven M. Goulet, Christine A. Jordan, Thomas H. Spudich, Paul A. Stewart, Jonathan P. TI Validation of the SCEC Broadband Platform V14.3 Simulation Methods Using Pseudospectral Acceleration Data SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PERIODS; MODEL; PGV C1 [Dreger, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Day, Steven M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92115 USA. [Goulet, Christine A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jordan, Thomas H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Spudich, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Santa Monica, CA 90095 USA. RP Dreger, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 281 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dreger@seismo.berkeley.edu; beroza@stanford.edu; sday@mail.sdsu.edu; goulet@berkeley.edu; tjordan@usc.edu; spudich@usgs.gov; jstewart@seas.uda.edu FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462]; U. S. Geological Survey [G12AC20038] FX We thank Tran Huynh, Fabio Silva, and Phil Maechling for their administrative and information technology support and Paul Somerville for technical and scientific management. We thank the simulation modelers for their cooperation: Gail Atkinson, John Anderson, Ralph Archuleta, Karen Assatourians, Jorge Crempien, Robert Graves, Kim Olsen, Arben Pitarka, Rumi Takedatsu, and Jeff Bayless. Carola Di Alessandro and David Boore provided SMSIM results for comparison with the BBP results. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and U. S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC Contribution number for this article is 1983. We acknowledge the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center for providing the recorded data and for supporting Christine Goulet in her leadership role with the group. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1785/0220140118 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ1QY UT WOS:000348014200007 ER PT J AU Graves, R Pitarka, A AF Graves, Robert Pitarka, Arben TI Refinements to the Graves and Pitarka (2010) Broadband Ground-Motion Simulation Method SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT STRESS-DROP; SOURCE PARAMETERS; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; RUPTURE LENGTH; TIME HISTORIES; 1988 SAGUENAY; EARTHQUAKE; SLIP; DISPLACEMENT; ATTENUATION C1 [Graves, Robert] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Pitarka, Arben] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Graves, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM rwgraves@usgs.gov; pitarka1@linl.gov RI pitarka, arben/K-5491-2014 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1033462]; United States Geological Survey (USGS) [G12AC20038] FX The authors are very grateful to Fabio Silva, Scott Callaghan, and Phil Maechling of Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) for their efforts in implementing the simulation codes on the Broadband Platform (BBP). Constructive reviews by Elizabeth Cochran, Morgan Page, Walter Imperatori, and an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the manuscript. SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and United States Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1947. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1785/0220140101 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ1QY UT WOS:000348014200011 ER PT J AU Barell, M Harris, RA AF Barell, Michael Harris, Ruth A. TI Metrics for Comparing Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Simulations SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITERIA; MISFIT; MOTION C1 [Barell, Michael] Invisible Software Inc, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. [Harris, Ruth A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barell, M (reprint author), Invisible Software Inc, POB 6541, San Jose, CA 95150 USA. EM harris@usgs.gov RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); Pacific Gas and Electric Company; National Science Foundation; SCEC [1951] FX Thank you to our colleagues over the years in the SCEC-USGS Spontaneous Rupture Code Verification Project: Brad Aagaard, Jean Paul Ampuero, Joe Andrews, Ralph Archuleta, Harsha Bhat, Xiaofei Chen, Victor Cruz-Atienza, Luis Dalguer, Steve Day, Nora DeDontney, Ben Duan, Eric Dunham, Kenneth Duru, Geoff Ely, Alice Gabriel, Percy Galvez, Junle Jiang, Yoshi Kaneko, Yuko Kase, Jeremy Kozdon, Nadia Lapusta, Yi Liu, Bin Luo, Shuo Ma, Amaryllis Nerger, Hiroyuki Noda, David Oglesby, Kim Olsen, Ryan Payne, Christian Pelties, Arben Pitarka, Matthew Purvance, Daniel Roten, Zheqiang Shi, Surendra Nadh Soma la, Seok Goo Song, Josue Tago, Elizabeth Templeton-Barrett, and Zhenguo Zhang. Thank you to Editor-in-Chief Zhigang Peng, Associate Editor Jeremy Zechar, Joe Fletcher, Debbie Smith, Martin Mai, Peter Moczo, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful recommendations that improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), and the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. SCEC is funded by grants from the USGS and the National Science Foundation. This is SCEC Contribution Number 1951. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1785/0220140122 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ1QY UT WOS:000348014200026 ER PT J AU Esque, TC Medica, PA Shryock, DF DeFalco, LA Webb, RH Hunter, RB AF Esque, Todd C. Medica, Philip A. Shryock, Daniel F. DeFalco, Lesley A. Webb, Robert H. Hunter, Richard B. TI DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON GROWTH AND SURVIVORSHIP OF PRE-REPRODUCTIVE JOSHUA TREES, YUCCA BREVIFOLIA ENGELM. (AGAVACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Demography; drought; El Nino Southern Oscillation; herbivory; Joshua tree; life history; Mojave Desert; nurse plants; pre-reproductive ID MOJAVE DESERT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; SHRUBS; PLANTS; AGE AB Premise of study: Accurate demographic information about long-lived plant species is important for understanding responses to large-scale disturbances, including climate change. It is challenging to obtain these data from desert perennial plants because seedling establishment is exceptionally rare, and estimates of survival are lacking for their vulnerable early stages. Desert wildfires, urbanization, and climate change influence the persistence of the long-lived Yucca brevifolia. Quantitative demographic attributes are crucial for understanding how populations will respond to disturbances and where populations will recede or advance under future climate scenarios. Methods: We measured survival in a cohort of 53 pre-reproductive Y. brevifolia at Yucca Flat, Nevada, USA, for 22 yr and recorded their growth, nurse-plant relationships, and herbivory. Key results: Herbivory by black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) caused severe losses of plants during the first and second years (45% and 31%, respectively). Surviving plants experienced <2.5% annual mortality. Survival for the population was 19% over 22 yr. Plants <25 cm in height had lower life expectancy. Average growth rate (+/- SD) for plants that survived to the last census was 3.12 +/- 1.96 cm yr(-1), and growth rates were positively associated with precipitation. Thirty-year-old Y. brevifolia had not yet reproduced. Conclusions: A rare establishment event for Y. brevifolia during 1983-1984, triggered by above-average summer rainfall, provided a unique opportunity to track early survival and growth. Infrequent but acute episodes of herbivory during drought influenced demography for decades. Variability in survival among young Y. brevifolia indicates that size-dependent demographic variables will improve forecasts for this long-lived desert species under predicted regional climate change. C1 [Esque, Todd C.; Medica, Philip A.; Shryock, Daniel F.; DeFalco, Lesley A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hunter, Richard B.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM todd_esque@usgs.gov OI Shryock, Daniel/0000-0003-0330-9815 FU U.S. Geological Survey-Program in Ecological Studies, Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems FX The authors thank the field teams for marking and measuring the Yucca brevifolia cohort in 1989 through 1994. Additionally, the authors thank P. Cosman, A. Jones, K. Nolte, B. Reynolds, M. Saethre, and A. Terry for field assistance in 2008 and 2009. This project was partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey-Program in Ecological Studies, Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems. The authors thank K. W. Ostler, S. Jones, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors also thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office, for continued encouragement, access to the study site, and support that has enabled the collection of such an irreplaceable data set. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 49 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 102 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.3732/ajb.1400257 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AZ0CY UT WOS:000347915100011 PM 25587151 ER PT J AU Harper, M Van Gosen, B Crankshaw, OS Doorn, SS Ennis, TJ Harrison, SE AF Harper, Martin Van Gosen, Bradley Crankshaw, Owen S. Doorn, Stacy S. Ennis, Todd J. Harrison, Sara E. TI Characterization of Lone Pine, California, Tremolite Asbestos and Preparation of Research Material SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE asbestos; reference material; tremolite AB Well-characterized amphibole asbestos mineral samples are required for use as analytical standards and in future research projects. Currently, the National Institute for Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material samples of asbestos are listed as 'Discontinued'. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has a goal under the Asbestos Roadmap of locating and characterizing research materials for future use. Where an initial characterization analysis determines that a collected material is appropriate for use as a research material in terms of composition and asbestiform habit, sufficient amounts of the material will be collected to make it publicly available. An abandoned mine near Lone Pine, California, contains a vein of tremolite asbestos, which was the probable source of a reference material that has been available for the past 17 years from the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) in the UK. Newly collected fibrous vein material from this mine was analyzed at Research Triangle Institute (RTI International) with some additional analysis by the US Geological Survey's Denver Microbeam Laboratory. The analysis at RTI International included: (i) polarized light microscopy (PLM) with a determination of principal optical properties; (ii) X-ray diffraction; (iii) transmission electron microscopy, including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected-area electron diffraction; and (iv) spindle stage analysis using PLM to determine whether individual fibers and bundles of the samples were polycrystalline or single-crystal cleavage fragments. The overall findings of the study indicated that the material is tremolite asbestos with characteristics substantially similar to the earlier distributed HSL reference material. A larger quantity of material was prepared by sorting, acid-washing and mixing for sub-division into vials of similar to 10g each. These vials have been transferred from NIOSH to RTI International, from where they can be obtained on request. C1 [Harper, Martin] NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Van Gosen, Bradley] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Crankshaw, Owen S.; Doorn, Stacy S.; Ennis, Todd J.; Harrison, Sara E.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harper, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 3030, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mharper@cdc.gov OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 FU CDC/NIOSH - NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda [200-2009-31310, 927ZJFM] FX RTI International participation was funded wholly by CDC/NIOSH under Contract Number 200-2009-31310, through support from NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda intramural project 927ZJFM 'New Standard Reference Materials for Tremolite-Actinolite Asbestos'. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 EI 1475-3162 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 59 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meu074 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AY8ZS UT WOS:000347839800009 PM 25268000 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Roop, HA Nanus, L Fenn, ME Sexstone, GA AF Clow, David W. Roop, Heidi A. Nanus, Leora Fenn, Mark E. Sexstone, Graham A. TI Spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur using ion-exchange resin collectors in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Sulfur; Deposition; Isotopes; Ion-exchange; Park ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; CRITICAL LOADS; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; WET-DEPOSITION; NITRATE; ECOSYSTEMS; SNOWPACK AB Lakes and streams in Class 1 wilderness areas in the western United States (U.S.) are at risk from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S), and protection of these resources is mandated under the Federal Clean Air Act and amendments. Assessment of critical loads, which are the maximum exposure to pollution an area can receive without adverse effects on sensitive ecosystems, requires accurate deposition estimates. However, deposition is difficult and expensive to measure in high-elevation wilderness, and spatial patterns in N and S deposition in these areas remain poorly quantified. In this study, ion-exchange resin (IER) collectors were used to measure dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and S deposition during June 2006 September 2007 at approximately 20 alpine/subalpine sites spanning the Continental Divide in Rocky Mountain National Park. Results indicated good agreement between deposition estimated from IER collectors and commonly used wet dry methods during summer, but poor agreement during winter. Snowpack sampling was found to be a more accurate way of quantifying DIN and S deposition during winter. Summer DIN deposition was significantly greater on the east side of the park than on the west side (25-50%; p <= 0.03), consistent with transport of pollutants to the park from urban and agricultural areas to the east. Sources of atmospheric nitrate (NO3-) were examined using N isotopes. The average delta N-15 of NO3- from IER collectors was 3.5 parts per thousand higher during winter than during summer (p < 0.001), indicating a seasonal shift in the relative importance of regional NOx sources, such as coal combustion and vehicular sources of atmospheric NO3-. There were no significant differences in delta N-15 of NO3- between east and west sides of the park during summer or winter (p = 0.83), indicating that the two areas may have similar sources of atmospheric NO3-. Results from this study indicate that a combination of IER collectors and snowpack sampling can be used to characterize spatial variability in DIN and S deposition in high-elevation wilderness areas. These data can improve our ability to model critical loads by filling gaps in geographic coverage of deposition monitoring/modeling programs and thus may enable policy makers to better protect sensitive natural resources in Class 1 Wilderness areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clow, David W.; Roop, Heidi A.; Sexstone, Graham A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Roop, Heidi A.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Nanus, Leora] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov RI Sexstone, Graham/L-2346-2016; OI Sexstone, Graham/0000-0001-8913-0546; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey's Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey's Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program. Numerous individuals contributed help in the field and laboratory, and their assistance is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Greg Wetherbee and two anonymous reviewers, who provided helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 101 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.027 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ1SB UT WOS:000348017000016 ER PT J AU Macias-Duarte, A Conway, CJ AF Macias-Duarte, Alberto Conway, Courtney J. TI Spatial patterns in hydrogen isotope ratios in feathers of Burrowing Owls from western North America SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; Burrowing Owl; deuterium; feathers; isoscape; stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; DELTA-D; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; DEUTERIUM MEASUREMENTS; GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; RAPTOR FEATHERS; BIRDS; ORIGINS; PRECIPITATION AB Deuterium (H-2) has been used to track movements of land birds, under the assumption that delta H-2 in precipitation (delta H-2(p)) and delta H-2 in bird feathers (delta H-2(f)) are correlated across broad geographic gradients. The nature of this correlation has been evaluated only in a small percentage of the birds that breed in North America. We sampled Western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) feathers of known origin (nestling feathers) at 36 locations throughout North America (from southern Canada to central Mexico). We used a modification of the "comparative equilibrium'' technique of Wassenaar and Hobson (2003) to measure the delta H-2 of nonexchangeable hydrogen in feather samples. We characterized the strength of the relationship between delta H-2(f) and amount-weighted mean annual delta H-2(p) in a raptor that breeds in arid grasslands and deserts throughout western North America. We used a Bayesian hierarchical approach to model the delta H-2(f)-delta H-2(p) relationship, accounting for levels of intrinsic and extrinsic variation in delta H-2(f). We found a linear relationship between delta H-2(f) and delta H-2(p) (delta H-2(f) = -13.48 + 0.78 delta H-2(p); 95% credible interval (slope): 0.55-1.01) and used this relationship to construct a feather deuterium isoscape map. We observed relatively high levels of variation in mean delta H-2(f) across locations (SD = 11.01%), due in part to variation in the contribution of precipitation to local food webs, and substantial variation among individuals within locations (SD = 6.68%). Our data demonstrate that delta H-2(f) of juvenile Burrowing Owls can be used to infer local amount-weighted mean annual delta H-2(p) from the location of origin. Deuterium remains a valuable tool for tracking continental-scale raptor movements, with the caveat that researchers must identify and model for potential discontinuities in the delta H-2(f)-delta H-2(p) relationship in their inferences. However, isotopic discontinuities, coupled with a high relative abundance of individuals in those areas, can seriously hinder the usefulness of deuterium for identifying the origin of individual birds. C1 [Macias-Duarte, Alberto] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Macias-Duarte, Alberto] Univ Estatal Sonora, Unidad Acad Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. RP Macias-Duarte, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alberto.macias@ues.mx FU University of Arizona IACUC [01-089, 04-296]; Legacy Program of the U.S. Department of Defense; iPlant Collaborative; Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund; U.S. National Park Service; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Arizona; Sonoran Joint Venture of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory; Silliman Memorial Research Award; TE Inc.; Wallace Research Foundation; Tinker Foundation; William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship; International Wildlife Foundation; National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) FX D. Dettman of the University of Arizona's Environmental Stable Isotopes Laboratory performed isotope analyses and provided expertise in lab methods. Many collaborators provided feather samples: New Mexico State University, dozens of U.S. Department of Defense installations, Colegio de Posgraduados, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, and Canadian Wildlife Service. All activities were performed in compliance with Canadian, Mexican, and U.S. regulations, including the auspices of University of Arizona IACUC protocols nos. 01-089 and 04-296. Funding was provided by the Legacy Program of the U.S. Department of Defense, iPlant Collaborative, Russell E. Train Education for Nature Program of the World Wildlife Fund, U.S. National Park Service, American Ornithologists' Union, University of Arizona, Sonoran Joint Venture of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory, Silliman Memorial Research Award, T&E Inc., Wallace Research Foundation, Tinker Foundation, William A. Calder III Memorial Scholarship, and International Wildlife Foundation. A. Macias-Duarte was a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. J. Montoya and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2015 VL 132 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1642/AUK-13-061.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY8JG UT WOS:000347799300004 ER PT J AU Stoelting, RE Gutierrez, RJ Kendall, WL Peery, MZ AF Stoelting, Ricka E. Gutierrez, R. J. Kendall, William L. Peery, M. Zachariah TI Life-history tradeoffs and reproductive cycles in Spotted Owls SO AUK LA English DT Article DE demography; life-history tradeoffs; reproductive cost; reproductive cycles; state uncertainty; Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis ID LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; POPULATION-CYCLES; MARK-RECAPTURE; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE; MODELS; COSTS AB The study of tradeoffs among life-history traits has long been key to understanding the evolution of life-history strategies. However, more recently, evolutionary ecologists have realized that reproductive costs have the potential to influence population dynamics. Here, we tested for costs of reproduction in the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), and assessed whether costs of reproduction in year t - 1 on reproduction in year t could be responsible for regionally synchronized biennial cycles in reproductive output. Logistic regression analysis and multistate mark-recapture models with state uncertainty revealed that breeding reduced the likelihood of reproducing in the subsequent year by 16% to 38%, but had no influence on subsequent survival. We also found that costs of reproduction in year t - 1 were correlated with climatic conditions in year t, with evidence of higher costs during the dry phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Using a simulation-based population model, we showed that strong reproductive costs had the potential to create biennial cycles in population-level reproductive output; however, estimated costs of reproduction appeared to be too small to explain patterns observed in Spotted Owls. In the absence of strong reproductive costs, we hypothesize that observed natural cycles in the reproductive output of Spotted Owls are related to as-yet-unmeasured, regionally concordant fluctuations in environmental conditions or prey resources. Despite theoretical evidence for demographic effects, our analyses illustrate that linking tradeoffs to actual changes in population processes will be challenging because of the potential confounding effects of individual and environmental variation. C1 [Stoelting, Ricka E.; Peery, M. Zachariah] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Peery, MZ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53718 USA. EM mpeery@wisc.edu FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; California Natural Resources Agency; University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Minnesota Agriculture Experiment Station Project [MIN-41-036]; Sierra Nevada Adaptive Management Project FX We thank Douglas Tempel, William Berigan, Sheila Whitmore, Christine Moen, and Mark Seamans for leading field work and providing previous syntheses of the data. In addition, we thank the numerous field technicians who have contributed to this study. Jim Baldwin provided invaluable statistical advice. Two anonymous reviewers provided feedback that greatly improved this paper. Work was funded by the USDA Forest Service, the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Natural Resources Agency, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the University of Minnesota Agriculture Experiment Station Project MIN-41-036, and the Sierra Nevada Adaptive Management Project. We also thank the Blodgett Forest Research Station for logistical support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 47 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2015 VL 132 IS 1 BP 46 EP 64 DI 10.1642/AUK-14-98.1 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY8JG UT WOS:000347799300006 ER PT J AU Rader, JA Dillon, ME Chesser, RT Sabat, P del Rio, CM AF Rader, Jonathan A. Dillon, Michael E. Chesser, R. Terry Sabat, Pablo del Rio, Carlos Martinez TI Morphological divergence in a continental adaptive radiation: South American ovenbirds of the genus Cinclodes SO AUK LA English DT Article DE adaptive radiation; ancestral character state reconstruction; Furnariidae; morphology; phylogenetic analysis ID MARINE FOOD RESOURCES; BODY-SIZE; OSMOREGULATORY PHYSIOLOGY; CARIBBEAN ANOLES; CARBON ISOTOPES; FURNARIIDAE; EVOLUTION; AVES; PASSERIFORMES; SONGBIRDS AB Cinclodes is an ecologically diverse genus of South American passerine birds and represents a case of continental adaptive radiation along multiple axes. We investigated morphological diversification in Cinclodes using a comprehensive set of morphometric measurements of study skins. Principal component analysis identified 2 primary axes of morphological variation: one describing body size and a second capturing differences in wing-tip shape and toe length. Phylogenetic analyses of the first principal component suggest an early divergence of Cinclodes into 2 main clades characterized by large and small body sizes. We suggest that 2 morphological outliers within these main clades (C. antarcticus and C. palliatus) may be cases of island gigantism and that a third (C. patagonicus) may reflect ecological character displacement. Despite its ecological and physiological diversity, the genus Cinclodes does not appear to show morphological diversity beyond what is typical of other avian genera. C1 [Rader, Jonathan A.; Dillon, Michael E.; del Rio, Carlos Martinez] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Dillon, Michael E.; del Rio, Carlos Martinez] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sabat, Pablo] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Sabat, Pablo] Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Santiago, Chile. RP Rader, JA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jrader@live.unc.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-44362] FX We thank the curators and staff of the bird collections of the American Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), and the Louisiana State University Museum of Natural History for access to collections and invaluable assistance with data acquisition. We also thank S. Newsome for comments on the initial design of our study. C. Benkman, S. Albeke, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. S. Albeke assisted with data management, and B. Hansen aided in data collection. Funding for this work was provided by National Science Foundation grant IOS-44362 to C. M. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2015 VL 132 IS 1 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1642/AUK-14-49.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY8JG UT WOS:000347799300017 ER PT J AU Saalfeld, ST Lanctot, RB AF Saalfeld, Sarah T. Lanctot, Richard B. TI Conservative and opportunistic settlement strategies in Arctic-breeding shorebirds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Barrow; density; nesting; return rates; site-fidelity; settlement strategy ID BRANTA-BERNICLA-BERNICLA; RED-NECKED PHALAROPES; SITE FIDELITY; NEST SURVIVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MATE FIDELITY; BRENT GEESE; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER; NORTHEAST GREENLAND; TAIMYR PENINSULA AB Shorebirds seem to have evolved a number of strategies for adapting to and exploiting the unpredictable and inhospitable Arctic environment. Two such strategies put forth by Holmes and Pitelka suggest that species either conservatively or opportunistically select breeding locations based on local environmental conditions. "Conservative'' species were characterized by strong site fidelity and territoriality, consistent population densities, relatively even spacing of individuals, and monogamous mating systems, while "opportunistic'' species exhibited opposite traits and were polygamous. Here, we assessed whether 10 shorebird species consistently exhibited these settlement strategies over a 10-year period (2003-2012) near Barrow, Alaska, by comparing annual estimates of site fidelity, territoriality, and population density. Additionally, we determined the relative importance of past and current environmental and social conditions in predicting annual breeding densities of these same species. Data from 1,413 captured adults and 1,946 shorebird nests indicated that most species conformed to 1 of the 2 settlement strategies, while others exhibited traits of both strategies, and a few had settlement patterns inconsistent with that predicted for their mating system. We suggest that deviations from these strategies may occur depending on a species' location within its breeding range. For some species, however, described settlement patterns may be too simplistic. Species with the same settlement strategy seem to respond similarly to environmental cues but differently than species with the alternative strategy. However, we were unable to determine a common environmental cue for species with the same settlement strategy, although lemming abundance, overall nest survival rate, and presence of conspecifics or heterospecifics did seem to influence settlement decisions in some species. Results from this study indicate that understanding how species settle may have important consequences for implementing monitoring or conservation actions. C1 [Saalfeld, Sarah T.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02360 USA. [Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Div, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Saalfeld, ST (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02360 USA. EM saalfeldst@gmail.com FU Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 7 Migratory Bird Management Division); Bureau of Land Management (Fairbanks District Office); University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Colorado Denver; Kansas State University; University of Missouri Columbia FX Funding statement: Funding for this study was provided by the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 7 Migratory Bird Management Division), Bureau of Land Management (Fairbanks District Office), University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Colorado Denver, Kansas State University, and the University of Missouri Columbia. NR 104 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2015 VL 132 IS 1 BP 212 EP 234 DI 10.1642/AUK-13-193.1 PG 23 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY8JG UT WOS:000347799300020 ER PT J AU McCreedy, C van Riper, C AF McCreedy, Chris van Riper, Charles, III TI Drought-caused delay in nesting of Sonoran Desert birds and its facilitation of parasite- and predator-mediated variation in reproductive success SO AUK LA English DT Article DE climate change; late breeding; laying date; nesting delay; passerine nest survival; Brown-headed Cowbird; Verdin; Black-tailed Gnatcatcher ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-TERM; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION; SPARROW; DATE; COMMUNITIES; GALAPAGOS; SELECTION; ARIZONA AB As our understanding of climate change has increased, so has our awareness of the impacts of these changes on biotic systems. Climate models are nearly unanimous in their predictions for increased drought frequency in southwestern North America, and delays in nest initiation due to drought may influence nesting success and productivity for many Sonoran Desert bird species. In southeastern California and western Arizona in 2004-2009, we found negative correlations for 13 of 13 species between nest initiation date and rainfall accumulation during the preceding 4-month winter rainy season. Nesting was delayed more than 3 weeks for some species during extreme droughts in 2006 and 2007. During 2004-2009, we found a significant negative effect of nest initiation date on nest survival probability ((beta) over cap = -0.031 +/- 0.005 SE, P < 0.001) for the four species of greatest sample size. To investigate the role of nesting delay in nesting success and productivity, in 2010 we conducted a manipulative experiment with Black-tailed Gnatcatchers (Polioptila melanura; BTGN) and Verdins (Auriparus flaviceps; VERD). Following a wet winter, we delayed clutch initiation dates for treatment pairs to match first-egg dates that we observed during droughts in 2006 and 2007. Nest initiation date had a significant negative effect on nest survival of both species (BTGN: <(beta)over cap> = -1.18 +/- 0.27 SE, P < 0.001; VERD: <(beta)over cap> = -2.33 +/- 0.51 SE, P = 0.003). Treatment pairs were unable to overcome the lost period of high productivity in March and early April, and had lower productivity than control pairs over the entire breeding season. As nest predation and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism were the most common causes of nest failure, we conclude that the impacts of climate change-caused drought on annual reproductive output in the Sonoran Desert will be further compounded by parasitism and predation for Black-tailed Gnatcatchers and by predation for Verdins. C1 [McCreedy, Chris] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Riper, Charles, III] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. RP McCreedy, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cmccreedy@pointblue.org FU Bureau of Land Management's California State Office; California Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of California State Parks; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem and Health Mission Areas; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via the Landscape Conservation Cooperative system FX Funding statement. We wish to express our deep thanks to the Bureau of Land Management's California State Office for assistance with funding for the California portion of this work. We are grateful for funding provided by the California Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of California State Parks, the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem and Health Mission Areas, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via the Landscape Conservation Cooperative system. In particular, we thank Pattie Bright and David Lytle for their continued support of our research. No funders had input into the content of the manuscript, nor did any funders require their approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2015 VL 132 IS 1 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1642/AUK-13-253.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY8JG UT WOS:000347799300021 ER PT J AU Lee, CTA Morton, DM AF Lee, Cin-Ty A. Morton, Douglas M. TI High silica granites: Terminal porosity and crystal settling in shallow magma chambers SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE granite; pluton; cumulate; settling; high silica granite; rhyolite ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; CONTINENTAL ARCS; CROSS-SECTION; CALIFORNIA; CRYSTALLIZATION; INSIGHTS; CRUST; RHYOLITES; ORIGIN; PLUTON AB High silica (>70 wt.% SiO2) granites (HSGs) are important carriers of highly incompatible elements, thus, understanding their origin is relevant to understanding how the composition of the continental crust evolves. We examined a large-scale geochemical study of plutons in the Peninsular Ranges Batholith in southern California (USA) to better understand the petrogenetic relationships between HSGs and the batholith. Using highly incompatible and compatible elements, we show that HSGs represent residual liquids within a felsic (69-72 wt.% SiO2) magmatic crystal mush at crystal fractions of 50-60% and residual liquid fractions of 40-50%. Trace element systematics show that separation of the HSG liquid from the crystal mush is inefficient, such that no more than 70-80% of the HSG is fully extracted and the remaining greater than 20-30% remains trapped in cumulate mush. We find little evidence of more efficient liquid-crystal segregation, which suggests that compaction-induced segregation may be too slow to be important on a large scale. Instead, the terminal porosity of 20-30% coincides with theoretical maximum packing fraction of unimodal particles settled out of suspension (similar to 0.74), which may indicate that crystal settling - perhaps in the form of hindered settling - drives segregation of viscous silicic melts and crystals. Unlike compaction, settling operates on timescales of 1-10 ky, fast enough to generate large volumes of HSG and complementary cumulates with trapped melt before magma chambers freeze. Many felsic plutons may thus be cumulates, but because of trapped melt, they are difficult to geochemically distinguish from plutons whose compositions fall along liquid lines of descent. The approach here, using a combination of highly incompatible and compatible elements, provides a way of identifying and quantifying trapped melt fractions. Finally, we show that HSGs appear to form only in the shallow crust (<10 km) and rarely in the middle to lower crust. Where HSGs are common, mafic magmas are common too, suggesting a genetic relationship between the two. If HSGs derive by crystal fractionation of basaltic parents, they represent at most 5% of the original mass of parental magma, but because they form almost exclusively at low pressures, they may be over-represented in shallowly exhumed batholiths. Why HSGs form primarily in the upper crust is unclear. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Cin-Ty A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Lee, CTA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS-126, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM ctlee@rice.edu FU NSF [OCE-1338842] FX Discussions with Helge Gonnermann, Olivier Bachmann, Rajdeep Dasgupta, Michael Famer, Pranabendu Moitra and especially Sarah Gelman are greatly appreciated. This work was supported by NSF OCE-1338842. We thank Calvin Miller and Shanaka de Silva for insightful reviews. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 409 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.040 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AY7UF UT WOS:000347763500003 ER PT J AU Eychenne, J Houghton, BF Swanson, DA Carey, RJ Swavely, L AF Eychenne, Julia Houghton, Bruce F. Swanson, Donald A. Carey, Rebecca J. Swavely, Lauren TI Dynamics of an open basaltic magma system: The 2008 activity of the Halema'uma'u Overlook vent, Kilauea Caldera SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kilauea volcano; open basaltic column; degassing; componentry; convection; vesicularity ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; VESICULATION; ERUPTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; CONSTRAINTS; INFERENCES; FOUNTAINS; DEPOSITS; INDEX AB On March 19, 2008 a small explosive event accompanied the opening of a 35-m-wide vent (Overlook vent) on the southeast wall of Halema'uma'u Crater in Kilauea Caldera, initiating an eruptive period that extends to the time of writing. The peak of activity, in 2008, consisted of alternating background open-system outgassing and spattering punctuated by sudden, short-lived weak explosions, triggered by collapses of the walls of the vent and conduit. Near-daily sampling of the tephra from this open system, along with exceptionally detailed observations, allow us to study the dynamics of the activity during two eruptive sequences in late 2008. Each sequence includes background activity preceding and following one or more explosions in September and October 2008 respectively. Componentry analyses were performed for daily samples to characterise the diversity of the ejecta. Nine categories of pyroclasts were identified in all the samples, including wall-rock fragments. The six categories of juvenile clasts can be grouped in three classes based on vesicularity: (1) poorly, (2) uniformly highly to extremely, and (3) heterogeneously highly vesicular. The wall-rock and juvenile clasts show dissimilar grainsize distributions, reflecting different fragmentation mechanisms. The wall-rock particles formed by failure of the vent and conduit walls above the magma free surface and were then passively entrained in the eruptive plume. The juvenile componentry reveals consistent contrasts in degassing and fragmentation processes before, during and after the explosive events. We infer a crude 'layering' developed in the shallow melt, in terms of both rheology and bubble and volatile contents, beneath a convecting free surface during background activity. A tens-of-centimetres thick viscoelastic surface layer was effectively outgassed and relatively cool, while at depths of less than 100 m, the melt remained slightly supersaturated in volatiles and actively vesiculating. Decoupled metre-sized bubbles rising through the column burst through the free surface frequently, ejecting fragments of the outgassed upper layer. When the surface was abruptly perturbed by the rock-falls, existing mm-sized bubbles expanded, leading to the acceleration of adjacent melt upward and consecutive explosions, while renewed nucleation created a minor population of 10-micron-sized bubbles. After each explosive event in September-October 2008, this layering was re-established but with decreasing vigour, suggesting that the magma batch as a whole was becoming progressively depleted in dissolved volatiles. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eychenne, Julia; Houghton, Bruce F.; Carey, Rebecca J.; Swavely, Lauren] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Eychenne, Julia] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Carey, Rebecca J.] Univ Tasmania, CODES, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Carey, Rebecca J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Phys Sci, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Eychenne, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM julia.eychenne@bristol.ac.uk RI Carey, Rebecca/A-5381-2013 OI Carey, Rebecca/0000-0003-2015-6419 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1145159]; U.S. Geological Survey [SVARRA-0004] FX We would like to thank Tim Orr for very interesting discussions and several reviews of this manuscript. A variety of other HVO colleagues, but particularly Kelly Wooten and Matthew Patrick also made significant contributions to the project. We thank editor Bernard Marty, as well as Thor Thordarson and Margaret Mangan for thoughtful and constructive comments which greatly enhanced the quality of the manuscript. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1145159, and U.S. Geological Survey grant SVARRA-0004. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 409 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.045 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AY7UF UT WOS:000347763500006 ER PT J AU Meier, GA Brown, JF Evelsizer, RJ Vogelmann, JE AF Meier, Gretchen A. Brown, Jesslyn F. Evelsizer, Ross J. Vogelmann, James E. TI Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Phenology, Trembling aspen; Populus tremuloides; Start of season; End of season; Remote sensing ID UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SNOWPACK; BIOMASS; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; DECLINES; IMPACTS; DROUGHT AB Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) occurs over wide geographical, latitudinal, elevational, and environmental gradients, making it a favorable candidate for a study of phenology and climate relationships. Aspen forests and woodlands provide numerous ecosystem services, such as high primary productivity and biodiversity, retention and storage of environmental variables (precipitation, temperature, snow water equivalent) that affect the spring and fall phenology of the aspen woodland communities of southwestern Colorado. We assessed the land surface phenology of aspen woodlands using two phenology indices, start of season time (SOST) and end of season time (EOST), from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) database of conterminous U.S. phenological indicators over an 11-year time period (2001-2011). These indicators were developed with 250 m resolution remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer processed to highlight vegetation response. We compiled data on SOST, EOST, elevation, precipitation, air temperature, and snow water equivalent (SWE) for selected sites having more than 80% cover by aspen woodland communities. In the 11-year time frame of our study, EOST had significant positive correlation with minimum fall temperature and significant negative correlation with fall precipitation. SOST had a significant positive correlation with spring SWE and spring maximum temperature. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meier, Gretchen A.] US Geol Survey, Inuteq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Brown, Jesslyn F.; Evelsizer, Ross J.; Vogelmann, James E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Meier, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Inuteq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gmeier@usgs.gov OI Meier, Gretchen/0000-0003-4537-9221; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change theme under the Land Change Science program FX Support for this work was provided by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change theme under the Land Change Science program. The authors wish to thank Alisa Gallant, Christopher Wright and two anonymous reviewers for their time and insight. We would also like to thank Stephen Boyte for climate data processing. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 48 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.033 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY3PK UT WOS:000347495100019 ER PT J AU Staton, SJR Woodward, A Castillo, JA Swing, K Hayes, MA AF Staton, Sarah J. R. Woodward, Andrea Castillo, Josemar A. Swing, Kelly Hayes, Mark A. TI Ground level environmental protein concentrations in various ecuadorian environments: Potential uses of aerosolized protein for ecological research SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Bioaerosol; Ecuador; Environmental monitoring; Non-invasive; Protein ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AMAZONIA; IDENTIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; DEFORESTATION; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SITE; MASS AB Large quantities of free protein in the environment and other bioaerosols are ubiquitous throughout terrestrial ground level environments and may be integrative indicators of ecosystem status. Samples of ground level bioaerosols were collected from various ecosystems throughout Ecuador, including pristine humid tropical forest (pristine), highly altered secondary humid tropical forest (highly altered), secondary transitional very humid forest (regrowth transitional), and suburban dry montane deforested (suburban deforested). The results explored the sensitivity of localized aerosol protein concentrations to spatial and temporal variations within ecosystems, and their value for assessing environmental change. Ecosystem specific variations in environmental protein concentrations were observed: pristine 0.32 +/- 0.09 mu g/m(3), highly altered 0.07 +/- 0.05 mu g/m(3), regrowth transitional 0.17 +/- 0.06 mu g/m(3), and suburban deforested 0.09 +/- 0.04 mu g/m(3). Additionally, comparisons of intra-environmental differences in seasonal/daily weather (dry season 0.08 +/- 0.03 mu g/m(3) and wet season 0.10 +/- 0.04 mu g/m(3)), environmental fragmentation (buffered 0.19 +/- 0.06 mu g/m(3) and edge 0.15 +/- 0.06 mu g/m(3)), and sampling height (ground level 0.32 +/- 0.09 mu g/m(3) and 10 m 0.24 +/- 0.04 mu g/m(3)) demonstrated the sensitivity of protein concentrations to environmental conditions. Local protein concentrations in altered environments correlated well with satellite-based spectral indices describing vegetation productivity: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (r(2)=0.801), net primary production (NPP) (r(2) = 0.827), leaf area index (LAI) (r(2)=0.410). Moreover, protein concentrations distinguished the pristine site, which was not differentiated in spectral indices, potentially due to spectral saturation typical of highly vegetated environments. Bioaerosol concentrations represent an inexpensive method to increase understanding of environmental changes, especially in densely vegetated ecosystems with high canopies or in areas needing high spatial and temporal resolution. Further research to expand understanding of the applicability of bioaerosol concentrations for environmental monitoring is supported by this pilot study. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Staton, Sarah J. R.; Castillo, Josemar A.; Hayes, Mark A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Swing, Kelly] Univ San Francisco Quito, Cumbaya, Ecuador. RP Staton, SJR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sjrstaton@gmail.com FU Department of State Fulbright Fellowship; Department of Education Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowship (FLAS) FX This research was financially supported in part through the Department of State Fulbright Fellowship and the Department of Education Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowship (FLAS). Great thanks are extended to the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for all of their assistance, guidance, and access to the Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini. Also appreciated are the contributions and access offered by Dr. Jorge Nunez, Dr. William Waters, Dr. Wilma Freire, Ms. Anne Helke, Dr. Tod Swanson, the School of the Andes and Amazon, Mr. Samuel Andi, and the Itapod Reserve. The research was conducted under permit number 014-IC-FAU/FLO-DPN/MA from the Ecuadorian Ministerio del Ambiente. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 48 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.036 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY3PK UT WOS:000347495100041 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK Howard, DM AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. Howard, Daniel M. TI Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic biofuel; Switchgrass productivity; Satellite NDVI; Environmental variables; Multiple regression model; Great Plains ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PLATTE RIVER-BASIN; FEEDSTOCK; NDVI; SUSTAINABILITY; BIOENERGY; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY; CARBON AB Switchgrass is being evaluated as a potential feedstock source for cellulosic biofuels and is being cultivated in several regions of the United States. The recent availability of switchgrass land cover maps derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layer for the conterminous United States provides an opportunity to assess the environmental conditions of switchgrass over large areas and across different geographic locations. The main goal of this study is to develop a data-driven multiple regression switchgrass productivity model and identify the optimal climate and environment conditions for the highly productive switchgrass in the Great Plains (GP). Environmental and climate variables used in the study include elevation, soil organic carbon, available water capacity, climate, and seasonal weather. Satellite-derived growing season averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) was used as a proxy for switchgrass productivity. Multiple regression analyses indicate that there are strong correlations between site environmental variables and switchgrass productivity (r = 0.95). Sufficient precipitation and suitable temperature during the growing season (i.e., not too hot or too cold) are favorable for switchgrass growth. Elevation and soil characteristics (e.g., soil available water capacity) are also an important factor impacting switchgrass productivity. An anticipated switchgrass biomass productivity map for the entire GP based on site environmental and climate conditions and switchgrass productivity model was generated. Highly productive switchgrass areas are mainly located in the eastern part of the GP. Results from this study can help land managers and biofuel plant investors better understand the general environmental and climate conditions influencing switchgrass growth and make optimal land use decisions regarding switchgrass development in the GP. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] USGS EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov OI Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS [G13PC00028, G10PC00044]; USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels FX This work was performed under USGS contracts G13PC00028 and G10PC00044, and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels. The authors thank Norman Bliss for processing SSURGO SOC and AWC data. The authors thank James E. Vogelmann, Lei Ji, Thomas Adamson, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 48 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.013 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY3PK UT WOS:000347495100051 ER PT J AU Rosen, MR Gierlowski-Kordesch, E AF Rosen, Michael R. Gierlowski-Kordesch, Elizabeth TI Limnogeology, news in brief SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT News Item ID GREEN RIVER FORMATION; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; MERCURY; CLIMATE; BASIN; ARGENTINA; EVOLUTION; POLLUTION; SEALCOAT AB We've invited Michael R. Rosen, water quality specialist within the USGS Water Science Field Team in Carson City and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, professor of geology at Ohio University, to take a look at the intriguing new developments that are emerging in limnogeologic studies. These studies are increasing our understanding of how climate and movements of the Earth's surface influence terrestrial environments, as well as how contaminants are distributed and retained in the environment. They present a selection of recent significant research on sediments, rock, and biota that have been preserved in modern and ancient lake basins. C1 [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Gierlowski-Kordesch, Elizabeth] Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Rosen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM mrosen@usgs.gov; gierlows@ohio.edu RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 73 IS 2 SI SI BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AY2WG UT WOS:000347446400032 ER PT J AU Tang, FJ Liu, W Wang, JL Henne, J Cui, XS AF Tang, F. J. Liu, W. Wang, J. L. Henne, J. Cui, X. S. TI Clearhead icefish, (Protosalanx hyalocranius Abbott, 1901) (Salmoniformes, Salangidae), a new non-native species has established a population in the Amur River, China SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Tang, F. J.; Liu, W.; Wang, J. L.] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Res Inst, Harbin 150070, Peoples R China. [Henne, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, Wadmalaw Isl, SC USA. [Cui, X. S.] Fishery Technol Promot Stn Fuyuan Cty Heilongjian, Fuyuan, Peoples R China. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Res Inst, 43 Songfa St, Harbin 150070, Peoples R China. EM rivery2008@163.com FU National Science Fund of China [31201993] FX We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Zhou Changhai for his assistance in collecting the specimens of clearhead ice-fish, Protosalanx hyalocranius, and Brian Paddock of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Charleston Ecological Services Office for his assistance in producing the map used in this report. This work was supported by the National Science Fund of China (grant #31201993). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 177 EP 179 DI 10.1111/jai.12454 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY8EK UT WOS:000347787000024 ER PT J AU Levin, LA Liu, KK Emeis, KC Breitburg, DL Cloern, J Deutsch, C Giani, M Goffart, A Hofmann, EE Lachkar, Z Limburg, K Liu, SM Montes, E Naqvi, W Ragueneau, O Rabouille, C Sarkar, SK Swaney, DP Wassman, P Wishner, KF AF Levin, Lisa A. Liu, Kon-Kee Emeis, Kay-Christian Breitburg, Denise L. Cloern, James Deutsch, Curtis Giani, Michele Goffart, Anne Hofmann, Eileen E. Lachkar, Zouhair Limburg, Karin Liu, Su-Mei Montes, Enrique Naqvi, Wajih Ragueneau, Olivier Rabouille, Christophe Sarkar, Santosh Kumar Swaney, Dennis P. Wassman, Paul Wishner, Karen F. TI Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop 1 of IMBIZO III CY JAN, 2013 CL Goa, INDIA DE Anthropogenic factors; Coastal biogeochemistry; Climate change; Eutrophication; Ecosystem services; Time series ID ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN INPUTS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; TROPICAL PELAGIC FISHES; LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL WATERS AB The oceans' continental margins face strong and rapid change, forced by a combination of direct human activity, anthropogenic CO2-induced climate change, and natural variability. Stimulated by discussions in Goa, India at the IMBER IMBIZO III, we (1) provide an overview of the drivers of biogeochemical variation and change on margins, (2) compare temporal trends in hydrographic and biogeochemical data across different margins, (3) review ecosystem responses to these changes, (4) highlight the importance of margin time series for detecting and attributing change and (5) examine societal responses to changing margin biogeochemistry and ecosystems. We synthesize information over a wide range of margin settings in order to identify the commonalities and distinctions among continental margin ecosystems. Key drivers of biogeochemical variation include long-term climate cycles, CO2-induced warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, as well as sea level rise, eutrophication, hydrologic and water cycle alteration, changing land use, fishing, and species invasion. Ecosystem responses are complex and impact major margin services. These include primary production, fisheries production, nutrient cycling, shoreline protection, chemical buffering, and biodiversity. Despite regional differences, the societal consequences of these changes are unarguably large and mandate coherent actions to reduce, mitigate and adapt to multiple stressors on continental margins. (C) 2014 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Levin, Lisa A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Liu, Kon-Kee] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Emeis, Kay-Christian] Inst Coastal Res, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Breitburg, Denise L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20676 USA. [Cloern, James] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Deutsch, Curtis] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Giani, Michele] Ist Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. [Goffart, Anne] Univ Liege, Lab Oceanol, F-20260 Calvi, France. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Lachkar, Zouhair] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Limburg, Karin] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Liu, Su-Mei] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Marine Chem Theory & Technol, Minist Educ, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Montes, Enrique] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Naqvi, Wajih] Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India. [Ragueneau, Olivier] Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Lab Sci Environm Marin, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Rabouille, Christophe] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sarkar, Santosh Kumar] Univ Calcutta, Dept Marine Sci, Kolkata 700019, W Bengal, India. [Swaney, Dennis P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wassman, Paul] Univ Tromso, Fac Biosci Fishery & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Wishner, Karen F.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Levin, LA (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM llevin@ucsd.edu; kkliu@ncu.edu.tw; kay.emeis@hzg.de; breitburgd@si.edu; jecloern@usgs.gov; cdeutsch@uw.edu; mgiani@inogs.it; azoffart@ulg.ac.be; hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; zouhainlachkar@env.ethz.ch; klimburg@esf.edu; sumeiliu@ouc.edu.cn; emontesh@mail.usf.edu; naqvi@nio.org; olivietragueneau@univ-brest.fr; christophe.rabouille@lsce.ipsl.fr; sarkatsantosh@gmail.com; dpsl@comell.edu; paul.wassmann@uit.no; kwishner@gso.uri.edu RI Liu, Kon-Kee/K-8855-2012; OI Liu, Kon-Kee/0000-0003-4909-897X; GIANI, Michele/0000-0002-3306-7725; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862; Rabouille, Christophe/0000-0003-1211-717X FU IMBER (a core project of IGBP); SCOR; US Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry program; US Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry program and IMBER; NOAA - California Sea Grant College Program [R/CC-04]; NSF OCE [0927445, 1041062]; NSF [GEO-0908939]; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [NSC 102-2611-M-008-002]; Mermex/MISTRALS programme; PERSEUS (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the SouthernEUropean Seas) FP7 [287600] FX We are grateful for the hospitality of the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India, which hosted the IMBIZO III. Support for the workshop was provided by IMBER (a core project of IGBP), SCOR and a host of co-sponsors. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments which have improved the manuscript. L Levin's and D. Breitburg's attendance was supported by the US Ocean Carbon Biogeochemistry program and IMBER. Levin's research support is from NOAA - California Sea Grant College Program Project # R/CC-04 and NSF OCE 0927445 and 1041062. Support for E. Hofmann was provided by NSF grant GEO-0908939. Support for K.-K. Liu was provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology (grant NSC 102-2611-M-008-002), Taiwan and SCOR. C. Rabouille would like to thank Mermex/MISTRALS programme for funding. M. Giani's attendance was supported by the PERSEUS (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the SouthernEUropean Seas) FP7 Project n. 287600. NR 195 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AY9KM UT WOS:000347868800002 ER PT J AU McCranie, JR Gotte, SW AF McCranie, James R. Gotte, Steve W. TI An investigation into the Swan Island Honduras collecting event of Tiaporus fuliginosus Cope (Reptilia: Teiidae) and its systematic status SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Ameiva fuliginosa; systematic status; Tiaporus fuliginosus; type locality AB Confusion exists in the literature concerning the collecting event of the teiid lizard Tiaporus fuliginosus. We investigated the literature and documents stored at the Smithsonian Institution Archives involving the collector of those specimens in an effort to resolve that confusion. We conclude that the type series was collected on the Swan Islands of Honduras by Charles H. Townsend during 1887. We also provide a redescription of that nominal form and show that it is a valid species that should be called Ameiva fuliginosa. We also examined the type series of A. panchlora from Old Providence, Colombia and confirm that its 1950 placement as a junior synonym of A. fuliginosa is correct. C1 [Gotte, Steve W.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP McCranie, JR (reprint author), 10770 SW 164th St, Miami, FL 33157 USA. EM jmccrani@bellsouth.net NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 543 EP 556 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AY5YK UT WOS:000347644900002 ER PT J AU Stauffer, JR King, TL AF Stauffer, Jay R., Jr. King, Timothy L. TI Designation of a neotype for brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE brook trout; neotype; New York; Salvelinus fontinalis ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; HATCHERY AB The taxonomic status of Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) is problematic. Difficulties in comparison of populations are exacerbated by the lack of type material. Here we designate a neotype from Connetquot River, Long Island, New York. We provide genetic and morphological data for the neotype, conspecifics, and other populations (Swan Creek, Nissequogue Creek) from Long Island, New York. We demonstrate, using molecular markers, that the population from Connetquot River most likely has not been influenced by the major broodstock strains utilized in the Northeast for supplemental and restorative stocking programs. We distinguish the above populations morphologically from lower interior basin populations, represented by fishes from the Pigeon-French Broad drainage, North Carolina and Tennessee. Finally, we position populations from Long Island, New York, within six distinct lineages of S. fontinalis. C1 [Stauffer, Jay R., Jr.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Stauffer, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vc5@psu.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 557 EP 567 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AY5YK UT WOS:000347644900003 ER PT J AU Ackers, SH Davis, RJ Olsen, KA Dugger, KM AF Ackers, Steven H. Davis, Raymond J. Olsen, Keith A. Dugger, Katie M. TI The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat TM; Lidar; Northern spotted owl; Habitat suitability; Maxent; Species distribution modeling; GNN ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION; BARRED OWLS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NEST SITES; HOME-RANGE; FOREST; ATTRIBUTES; MODELS; OREGON; SELECTION AB Wildlife habitat mapping has evolved at a rapid pace over the last few decades. Beginning with simple, often subjective, hand-drawn maps, habitat mapping now involves complex species distribution models (SDMs) using mapped predictor variables derived from remotely sensed data For species that inhabit large geographic areas, remote sensing technology is often essential for producing range wide maps. Habitat monitoring for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), whose geographic covers about 23 million ha, is based on SDMs that use Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery to create forest vegetation data layers using gradient nearest neighbor (GNN) methods. Vegetation data layers derived from GNN are modeled relationships between forest inventory plot data, climate and topographic data, and the spectral signatures acquired by the satellite. When used as predictor variables for SDMs, there is some transference of the GNN modeling error to the final habitat map. Recent increases in the use of light detection and ranging (lidar) data, coupled with the need to produce spatially accurate and detailed forest vegetation maps have spurred interest in its use for SDMs and habitat mapping. Instead of modeling predictor variables from remotely sensed spectral data, lidar provides direct measurements of vegetation height for use in SDMs. We expect a SDM habitat map produced from directly measured predictor variables to be more accurate than one produced from modeled predictors. We used maximum entropy (Maxent) SDM modeling software to compare predictive performance and estimates of habitat area between Landsat-based and lidar-based northern spotted owl SDMs and habitat maps. We explored the differences and similarities between these maps, and to a pre-existing aerial photo-interpreted habitat map produced by local wildlife biologists. The lidar-based map had the highest predictive performance based on 10 bootstrapped replicate models (AUC = 0.809 +/- 0.011), but the performance of the Landsat-based map was within acceptable limits (AUC = 0.717 +/- 0.021). As is common with photo-interpreted maps, there was no accuracy assessment available for comparison. The photo-interpreted map produced the highest and lowest estimates of habitat area, depending on which habitat classes were included (nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat = 9962 ha, nesting habitat only = 6036 ha). The Landsat-based map produced an estimate of habitat area that was within this range (95% CI: 6679-9592 ha), while the lidar-based map produced an area estimate similar to what was interpreted by local wildlife biologists as nesting (i.e., high quality) habitat using aerial imagery (95% CI: 5453-7216). Confidence intervals of habitat area estimates from the SDMs based on Landsat and lidar overlapped. We concluded that both Landsat- and lidar-based SDMs produced reasonable maps and area estimates for northern spotted owl habitat within the study area. The lidar-based map was more precise and spatially similar to what local wildlife biologists considered spotted owl nesting habitat. The Landsat-based map provided a less precise spatial representation of habitat within the relatively small geographic confines of the study area, but habitat area estimates were similar to both the photo-interpreted and lidar-based maps. Photo-interpreted maps are time consuming to produce, subjective in nature, and difficult to replicate. SDMs provide a framework for efficiently producing habitat maps that can be replicated as habitat conditions change over time, provided that comparable remotely sensed data are available. When the SDM uses predictor variables extracted from lidar data, it can produce a habitat map that is both accurate and useful at large and small spatial scales. In comparison, SDMs using Landsat-based data are more appropriate for large scale analyses of amounts and general spatial patterns of habitat at regional scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ackers, Steven H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Davis, Raymond J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olsen, Keith A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ackers, SH (reprint author), HJ Andrews Expt Forest, POB 300, Blue River, OR 97413 USA. EM ackerss@onid.orst.edu FU U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University [NFS 11-CR-11062756-019, DEB 08-23380]; National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program; U.S. Forest Service; Portland Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. FX We conducted this research at the HJ. Andrews Experimental Forest, which is funded by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Spotted owl locations were provided by the central Oregon Cascades northern spotted owl demography study funded by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Oregon State University (NFS 11-CR-11062756-019). Lidar data was flown and processed by: Watershed Sciences, 257B SW Madison Street Corvallis, OR 97333, www.watershedsciences.com. The lidar data were provided by then Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program, U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University (DEB 08-23380). Dr. Thomas Spies served as principal investigator for the lidar project Jim Muckenhoupt produced the stem map used for this study. We greatly appreciate the helpful comments provided by Dr. Warren Cohen and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of this manuscript. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of the many field biologists that provided the nest and roost locations used in this study. Additional financial support was provided by the U.S. Forest Service and the Portland Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 156 BP 361 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.025 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY4YC UT WOS:000347579900029 ER PT J AU Van Den Hoek, J Read, JS Winslow, LA Montesano, P Markfort, CD AF Van Den Hoek, Jamon Read, Jordan S. Winslow, Luke A. Montesano, Paul Markfort, Corey D. TI Examining the utility of satellite-based wind sheltering estimates for lake hydrodynamic modeling SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTER; SRTM; Sheltering height; Wind shear; Hydrodynamic modeling; Lake temperature ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SRTM DATA; ASTER; DEM; CLIMATE; MISREGISTRATION; RESOLUTION; EMISSIONS; ALTIMETRY AB Satellite-based measurements of vegetation canopy structure have been in common use for the last decade but have never been used to estimate canopy's impact on wind sheltering of individual lakes. Wind sheltering is caused by slower winds in the wake of topography and shoreline obstacles (e.g. forest canopy) and influences heat loss and the flux of wind-driven mixing energy into lakes, which control lake temperatures and indirectly structure lake ecosystem processes, including carbon cycling and thermal habitat partitioning. Lakeshore wind sheltering has often been parameterized by lake surface area but such empirical relationships are only based on forested lakeshores and overlook the contributions of local land cover and terrain to wind sheltering. This study is the first to examine the utility of satellite imagery-derived broad-scale estimates of wind sheltering across a diversity of land covers. Using 30 m spatial resolution ASTER GDEM2 elevation data, the mean sheltering height, h(s), being the combination of local topographic rise and canopy height above the lake surface, is calculated within 100 m-wide buffers surrounding 76,000 lakes in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Uncertainty of GDEM2-derived h(s) was compared to SRTM-, high-resolution G-LiHT lidar-, and ICESat-derived estimates of h(s), respective influences of land cover type and buffer width on h(s), are examined; and the effect of including satellite-based h, on the accuracy of a statewide lake hydrodynamic model was discussed. Though GDEM2 h(s), uncertainty was comparable to or better than other satellite-based measures of h(s), its higher spatial resolution and broader spatial coverage allowed more lakes to be included in modeling efforts. GDEM2 was shown to offer superior utility for estimating h(s), compared to other satellite-derived data, but was limited by its consistent underestimation of h(s), inability to detect within-buffer h(s), variability, and differing accuracy across land cover types. Nonetheless, considering a GDEM2 h(s)-derived wind sheltering potential improved the modeled lake temperature root mean square error for non-forested lakes by 0.72 degrees C compared to a commonly used wind sheltering model based on lake area alone. While results from this study show promise, the liinitations of near-global GDEM2 data in timeliness, temporal and spatial resolution, and vertical accuracy were apparent. As hydrodynamic modeling and high-resolution topographic mapping efforts both expand, future remote sensing-derived vegetation structure data must be improved to meet wind sheltering accuracy requirements to expand our understanding of lake processes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Den Hoek, Jamon] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. [Read, Jordan S.; Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Winslow, Luke A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Montesano, Paul] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Markfort, Corey D.] Univ Iowa, C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Van Den Hoek, J (reprint author), NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 618-0,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. EM jamon.vandenhoek@nasa.gov; jread@usgs.gov; lwinslow@usgs.gov; paul.m.montesano@nasa.gov; corey-markfort@uiowa.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-95-P]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0941510] FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Additional support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-95-P) and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0941510). ASTER GDEM2 is a product of METI and NASA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 156 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY4YC UT WOS:000347579900045 ER PT J AU He, JX Bence, JR Madenjian, CP Pothoven, SA Dobiesz, NE Fielder, DG Johnson, JE Ebener, MP Cottrill, RA Mohr, LC Koproski, SR AF He, Ji X. Bence, James R. Madenjian, Charles P. Pothoven, Steven A. Dobiesz, Norine E. Fielder, David G. Johnson, James E. Ebener, Mark P. Cottrill, R. Adam Mohr, Lloyd C. Koproski, Scott R. TI Coupling age-structured stock assessment and fish bioenergetics models: a system of time-varying models for quantifying piscivory patterns during the rapid trophic shift in the main basin of Lake Huron SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN-APPROACH; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SEASONAL ENERGY DYNAMICS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; TOP-DOWN CONTROL AB We quantified piscivory patterns in the main basin of Lake Huron during 1984-2010 and found that the biomass transfer from prey fish to piscivores remained consistently high despite the rapid major trophic shift in the food webs. We coupled age-structured stock assessment models and fish bioenergetics models for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), walleye (Sander vitreus), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). The model system also included time-varying parameters or variables of growth, length-mass relations, maturity schedules, energy density, and diets. These time-varying models reflected the dynamic connections that a fish cohort responded to year-to-year ecosystem changes at different ages and body sizes. We found that the ratio of annual predation by lake trout, Chinook salmon, and walleye combined with the biomass indices of age-1 and older alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) increased more than tenfold during 1987-2010, and such increases in predation pressure were structured by relatively stable biomass of the three piscivores and stepwise declines in the biomass of alewives and rainbow smelt. The piscivore stability was supported by the use of alternative energy pathways and changes in relative composition of the three piscivores. In addition, lake whitefish became a new piscivore by feeding on round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Their total fish consumption rivaled that of the other piscivores combined, although fish were still a modest proportion of their diet. Overall, the use of alternative energy pathways by piscivores allowed the increases in predation pressure on dominant diet species. C1 [He, Ji X.; Fielder, David G.; Johnson, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Bence, James R.; Dobiesz, Norine E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Cottrill, R. Adam; Mohr, Lloyd C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Koproski, Scott R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP He, JX (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM hej@michigan.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017; OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program [F-81-R, Study 230522]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources Game and Fish Protection Fund FX This article is a result of the project entitled "Quantifying new top-down influences on the rapidly changing food web in the main basin of Lake Huron", funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Funding was also provided through a grant from the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program to Michigan Department of Natural Resources (F-81-R, Study 230522) and from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Game and Fish Protection Fund. This article is Publication 2014-17 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University, Contribution 1881 of USGS Great Lakes Science Center, and Contribution 1728 of NOAA, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 147 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 56 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 7 EP 23 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0161 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0PH UT WOS:000347298300002 ER PT J AU Bradbury, IR Hamilton, LC Rafferty, S Meerburg, D Poole, R Dempson, JB Robertson, MJ Reddin, DG Bourret, V Dionne, M Chaput, G Sheehan, TF King, TL Candy, JR Bernatchez, L AF Bradbury, Ian R. Hamilton, Lorraine C. Rafferty, Sara Meerburg, David Poole, Rebecca Dempson, J. Brian Robertson, Martha J. Reddin, David G. Bourret, Vincent Dionne, Melanie Chaput, Gerald Sheehan, Timothy F. King, Timothy L. Candy, John R. Bernatchez, Louis TI Genetic evidence of local exploitation of Atlantic salmon in a coastal subsistence fishery in the Northwest Atlantic SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIXED-STOCK FISHERIES; SALAR L.; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; WEST GREENLAND; TAG RECOVERIES; MICROSATELLITES; SEA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Fisheries targeting mixtures of populations risk the overutilization of minor stock constituents unless harvests are monitored and managed. We evaluated stock composition and exploitation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a subsistence fishery in coastal Labrador, Canada, using genetic mixture analysis and individual assignment with a microsatellite baseline (15 loci, 11 829 individuals, 12 regional groups) encompassing the species' western Atlantic range. Bayesian and maximum likelihood mixture analyses of fishery samples over 6 years (2006-2011; 1772 individuals) indicate contributions of adjacent stocks of 96%-97%. Estimates of fishery-associated exploitation were highest for Labrador salmon (4.2%-10.6% per year) and generally < 1% for other regions. Individual assignment of fishery samples indicated nonlocal contributions to the fishery (e. g., Quebec, Newfoundland) were rare and primarily in southern Labrador, consistent with migration pathways utilizing the Strait of Belle Isle. This work illustrates how genetic analysis of mixed stock Atlantic salmon fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic using this new baseline can disentangle exploitation and reveal complex migratory behaviours. C1 [Bradbury, Ian R.; Poole, Rebecca; Dempson, J. Brian; Robertson, Martha J.; Reddin, David G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Hamilton, Lorraine C.; Rafferty, Sara] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Halifax, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Meerburg, David] Atlantic Salmon Federat, St Andrews, NB E5B 3S8, Canada. [Bourret, Vincent; Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, IBIS, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Bourret, Vincent; Dionne, Melanie] Minist Dev Durable Environm Faune & Parcs, Direct Faune Aquat, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. [Chaput, Gerald] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Sci Advice, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Candy, John R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Bradbury, IR (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM ibradbur@me.com FU Atlantic Salmon Federation; Genomics Research and Development Initiative of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Ministere du Developpement durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs; Ressources Aquatiques Quebec (RAQ) FX All fishery samples were collected with the assistance of the NunatuKavut Community Council, the Nunatsiavut Government, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada staff. Funding for baseline sample collection in Newfoundland and fishery sample analysis was provided by the Atlantic Salmon Federation and by the Genomics Research and Development Initiative of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Funding was also provided by a strategic project grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) led by L. Bernatchez, as well as the Ministere du Developpement durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs and Ressources Aquatiques Quebec (RAQ). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government of this work. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0058 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0PH UT WOS:000347298300007 ER PT J AU Hu, KL Chen, Q Wang, HQ AF Hu, Kelin Chen, Qin Wang, Hongqing TI A numerical study of vegetation impact on reducing storm surge by wetlands in a semi-enclosed estuary SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Storm surge; Vegetation-induced surge reduction; Numerical experiments; Hurricane Isaac; Coastal wetlands ID MODEL; RESTORATION; LOUISIANA; KATRINA; SURFACE; FLOW AB Coastal wetlands play a unique role in extreme hurricane events. The impact of wetlands on storm surge depends on multiple factors including vegetation, landscape, and storm characteristics. The Delft3D model, in which vegetation effects on flow and turbulence are explicitly incorporated, was applied to the semi-enclosed Breton Sound (BS) estuary in coastal Louisiana to investigate the wetland impact. Guided by extensive field observations, a series of numerical experiments were conducted based on variations of actual vegetation properties and storm parameters from Hurricane Isaac in 2012. Both the vegetation-induced maximum surge reduction (MSR) and maximum surge reduction rate (MSRR) increased with stem height and stem density, and were more sensitive to stem height. The MSR and MSRR decreased significantly with increasing wind intensity. The MSRR was the highest with a fast-moving weak storm. It was also found that the MSRR varied proportionally to the expression involving the maximum bulk velocity and surge over the area of interest, and was more dependent on the maximum bulk surge. Both MSR and MSRR appeared to increase when the area of interest decreased from the whole BS estuary to the upper estuary. Within the range of the numerical experiments, the maximum simulated MSR and MSRR over the upper estuary were 0.7 m and 37%, respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Kelin; Chen, Qin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chen, Qin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Coastal Restorat Assessment Branch, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hu, KL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM khu@lsu.edu OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through Louisiana Sea Grant [R/OA-15]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [1115527, 1010640] FX The study was supported in part by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through Louisiana Sea Grant (grant R/OA-15) and by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (grants 1115527 and 1010640). Computational resources were provided by the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) and Louisiana State University. We would like to thank Eric Swain and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive review for improving this manuscript. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA and NSF. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 95 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.09.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AY3WH UT WOS:000347509800006 ER PT J AU Starns, HD Weckerly, FW Ricca, MA Duarte, A AF Starns, Heath D. Weckerly, Floyd W. Ricca, Mark A. Duarte, Adam TI Vegetation changes associated with a population irruption by Roosevelt elk SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Herbivory; NDVI; plant traits; population regulation; remote sensing; ungulate ID GRAZING OPTIMIZATION HYPOTHESIS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; HERBIVORE-OPTIMIZATION; RED DEER; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; REED CANARYGRASS; GRASSLAND PRODUCTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES AB Interactions between large herbivores and their food supply are central to the study of population dynamics. We assessed temporal and spatial patterns in meadow plant biomass over a 23-year period for meadow complexes that were spatially linked to three distinct populations of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) in northwestern California. Our objectives were to determine whether the plant community exhibited a tolerant or resistant response when elk population growth became irruptive. Plant biomass for the three meadow complexes inhabited by the elk populations was measured using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which was derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery. Elk populations exhibited different patterns of growth through the time series, whereby one population underwent a complete four-stage irruptive growth pattern while the other two did not. Temporal changes in NDVI for the meadow complex used by the irruptive population suggested a decline in forage biomass during the end of the dry season and a temporal decline in spatial variation of NDVI at the peak of plant biomass in May. Conversely, no such patterns were detected in the meadow complexes inhabited by the nonirruptive populations. Our findings suggest that the meadow complex used by the irruptive elk population may have undergone changes in plant community composition favoring plants that were resistant to elk grazing. C1 [Starns, Heath D.; Weckerly, Floyd W.; Duarte, Adam] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Weckerly, FW (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM fw11@txstate.edu FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; National Science Foundation; Redwood National Park; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Alamo Safari Club; Granite Bay Safari Club; Houston Safari Club; Texas State University FX Funding was provided by California Department of Fish and Wildlife, National Science Foundation, Redwood National Park, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Alamo Safari Club, Granite Bay Safari Club, Houston Safari Club, and Texas State University. NR 97 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1002/ece3.1327 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AY3ZF UT WOS:000347517300010 PM 25628868 ER PT J AU DeRolph, CR Nelson, SAC Kwak, TJ Hain, EF AF DeRolph, Christopher R. Nelson, Stacy A. C. Kwak, Thomas J. Hain, Ernie F. TI Predicting fine-scale distributions of peripheral aquatic species in headwater streams SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Conservation planning; habitat modeling; headwater streams; landscape variables; peripheral populations; species distributions; topographic gradient; wild trout ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; NATIVE BROOK TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BROWN TROUT; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE AB Headwater species and peripheral populations that occupy habitat at the edge of a species range may hold an increased conservation value to managers due to their potential to maximize intraspecies diversity and species' adaptive capabilities in the context of rapid environmental change. The southern Appalachian Mountains are the southern extent of the geographic range of native Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta in eastern North America. We predicted distributions of these peripheral, headwater wild trout populations at a fine scale to serve as a planning and management tool for resource managers to maximize resistance and resilience of these populations in the face of anthropogenic stressors. We developed correlative logistic regression models to predict occurrence of brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout for every interconfluence stream reach in the study area. A streamnetwork was generated to capture a more consistent representation of headwater streams. Each of the final models had four significant metrics in common: stream order, fragmentation, precipitation, and land cover. Strahler stream order was found to be the most influential variable in two of the three final models and the second most influential variable in the other model. Greater than 70% presence accuracy was achieved for all three models. The underrepresentation of headwater streams in commonly used hydrography datasets is an important consideration that warrants close examination when forecasting headwater species distributions and range estimates. Additionally, it appears that a relative watershed position metric (e.g., stream order) is an important surrogate variable (even when elevation is included) for biotic interactions across the landscape in areas where headwater species distributions are influenced by topographical gradients. C1 [DeRolph, Christopher R.; Nelson, Stacy A. C.; Hain, Ernie F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP DeRolph, CR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chrisderolph@gmail.com FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Funds FX This research was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Funds. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1002/ece3.1331 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AY3ZF UT WOS:000347517300014 PM 25628872 ER PT J AU Meador, MR Brown, LM AF Meador, Michael R. Brown, Larry M. TI Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Life history traits; Life history strategies; Predictive models; Biodiversity ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; PATTERNS; TRAITS AB Predictive models have been used to determine fish species that occur less frequently than expected (decreasers) and those that occur more frequently than expected (increasers) in streams in the eastern U.S. Coupling life history traits with 51 decreaser and 38 increaser fish species provided the opportunity to examine potential mechanisms associated with predicted changes in fish species distributions in eastern streams. We assigned six life history traits - fecundity, longevity, maturation age, maximum total length, parental care, and spawning season duration - to each fish species. Decreaser species were significantly smaller in size and shorter-lived with reduced fecundity and shorter spawning seasons compared to increaser species. Cluster analysis of traits revealed correspondence with a life history model defining equilibrium (low fecundity, high parental care), opportunistic (early maturation, low parental care), and periodic (late maturation, high fecundity, low parental care) end-point strategies. Nearly 50 % of decreaser species were associated with an intermediate opportunistic-periodic strategy, suggesting that abiotic factors such as habitat specialization and streamflow alteration may serve as important influences on life history traits and strategies of decreaser species. In contrast, the percent of increaser species among life history strategy groups ranged from 21 to 32 %, suggesting that life history strategies of increaser species were more diverse than those of decreaser species. This study highlights the utility of linking life history theory to biodiversity to better understand mechanisms that contribute to fish species distributions in the eastern U.S. C1 [Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brown, Larry M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2015 VL 98 IS 2 BP 663 EP 677 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY4DA UT WOS:000347527200016 ER PT J AU Kuhn, KM Neubauer, E Hofmann, T von der Kammer, F Aiken, GR Maurice, PA AF Kuhn, Keshia M. Neubauer, Elisabeth Hofmann, Thilo von der Kammer, Frank Aiken, George R. Maurice, Patricia A. TI Concentrations and Distributions of Metals Associated with Dissolved Organic Matter from the Suwannee River (GA, USA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reverse osmosis; XAD; Suwannee River; DOM; metals; field-flow fractionation ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; REVERSE-OSMOSIS AB Concentrations and distributions of metals in Suwannee River (SR) raw filtered surface water (RFSW) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) processed by reverse osmosis (RO), XAD-8 resin (for humic and fulvic acids [FA]), and XAD-4 resin (for "transphilic" acids) were analyzed by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF). SR samples were compared with DOM samples from Nelson's Creek (NLC), a wetland-draining stream in northern Michigan; previous International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) FA and RO samples from the SR; and an XAD-8 sample from Lake Fryxell (LF), Antarctica. Despite application of cation exchange during sample processing, all XAD and RO samples contained substantial metal concentrations. AsFlFFF fractograms allowed metal distributions to be characterized as a function of DOM component molecular weight (MW). In SR RFSW, Fe, Al, and Cu were primarily associated with intermediate to higher than average MW DOM components. SR RO, XAD-8, and XAD-4 samples from May 2012 showed similar MW trends for Fe and Al but Cu tended to associate more with lower MW DOM. LF DOM had abundant Cu and Zn, perhaps due to amine groups that should be present due to its primarily algal origins. None of the fractograms showed obvious evidence for mineral nanoparticles, although some very small mineral nanoparticles might have been present at trace concentrations. This research suggests that AsFlFFF is important for understanding how metals are distributed in different DOM samples (including IHSS samples), which may be key to metal reactivity and bioavailability. C1 [Kuhn, Keshia M.; Maurice, Patricia A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Neubauer, Elisabeth; Hofmann, Thilo; von der Kammer, Frank] Univ Vienna, Dept Environm Geosci, Vienna, Austria. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Maurice, PA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pmaurice@nd.edu RI Hofmann, Thilo/A-8927-2008; von der Kammer, Frank/B-3743-2013 OI Hofmann, Thilo/0000-0001-8929-6933; von der Kammer, Frank/0000-0002-8653-6687 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Pathfinder Fellowship from the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc (CUAHSI); Department of Environmental Geosciences at the Univ. of Vienna; IHSS FX We thank the Center for Environmental Science and Technology (CEST) at Notre Dame for use of analytical equipment and personnel support. K. Kuhn was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a Pathfinder Fellowship from the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc (CUAHSI). We thank the Department of Environmental Geosciences at the Univ. of Vienna for use of the AsFlFFF system, and financial, laboratory, and personnel support. D. McKnight kindly provided the LF sample. Collection of the SR samples was partially funded by the IHSS. We thank E.M. Perdue (Ball State Univ.) for overseeing 2012 sample collection at the SR, D. McInnis (Notre Dame) for valuable discussion, and K. Butler (U.S.G.S) for analytical expertise. We thank C.H. Conaway and two anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 49 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 EI 1557-9018 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 SI SI BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1089/ees.2014.0298 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY6QB UT WOS:000347689600008 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN Plant, NG AF Fienen, Michael N. Plant, Nathaniel G. TI A cross-validation package driving Netica with python SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Cross-validation; Bayesian networks; Uncertainty; Probability; Python; Netica; Prediction ID BAYESIAN NETWORK; DECISION-SUPPORT; MODELS; PREDICTION; ASSIMILATION AB Bayesian networks (BNs) are powerful tools for probabilistically simulating natural systems and emulating process models. Cross validation is a technique to avoid overfitting resulting from overly complex BNs. Overfitting reduces predictive skill. Cross-validation for BNs is known but rarely implemented due partly to a lack of software tools designed to work with available BN packages. CVNetica is open-source, written in Python, and extends the Netica software package to perform cross-validation and read, rebuild, and learn BNs from data. Insights gained from cross-validation and implications on prediction versus description are illustrated with: a data-driven oceanographic application; and a model-emulation application. These examples show that overfitting occurs when BNs become more complex than allowed by supporting data and overfitting incurs computational costs as well as causing a reduction in prediction skill. CVNetica evaluates overfitting using several complexity metrics (we used level of discretization) and its impact on performance metrics (we used skill). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov; nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This work was funded by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We are deeply grateful to Steven Mascaro for his initial PyNetica.py code which he kindly shared as a starting point for this work. We also thank Howard Reeves, USGS, Tony Jakeman, Editor-in-Chief, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that improved this manuscript. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 63 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.007 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY1OT UT WOS:000347362900002 ER PT J AU Bogle, R Redsteer, MH Vogel, J AF Bogle, Rian Redsteer, Margaret Hiza Vogel, John TI Field measurement and analysis of climatic factors affecting dune mobility near Grand Falls on the Navajo Nation, southwestern United States SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sand dune; Aeolian; Mobility; Climate ID SAND DUNES; GREAT-PLAINS; VEGETATION COVER; COLORADO RIVER; NEGEV DESERT; WIND EROSION; TRANSPORT; KALAHARI; MODEL; STABILIZATION AB Aeolian sand covers extensive areas of the Navajo Nation in the southwestern United States. Much of this sand is currently stabilized by vegetation, although many drier parts of these Native lands also have active and partly active dunes. Current prolonged drought conditions that started in the mid-1990s are producing significant changes in dune mobility. Reactivation of regional aeolian deposits due to drought or increasing aridity from rising temperatures resulting from climate change could have serious consequences for human and animal populations, agriculture, grazing, and infrastructure. To understand and document the current and future potential for mobility, seasonally repeated surveys were used to track the location of multiple active barchan dunes. By utilizing Real-Time Kinematic GPS field surveys and simultaneously collecting in-situ meteorological data, it is possible to examine climatic parameters and seasonal variations that affect dune mobility and their relative influences. Through analysis of the recorded data, we examined the fit of various climate parameters, and demonstrate that under the current prolonged drought, wind power is the dominant factor controlling dune mobility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bogle, Rian; Redsteer, Margaret Hiza; Vogel, John] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bogle, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rbogle@usgs.gov OI Hiza Redsteer, Margaret/0000-0003-2851-2502 FU U.S. Geological Survey under Land Change Science-Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey under Research and Development Program; Navajo Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Land Change Science-Research Program and the Research and Development Program. We thank USGS colleagues: A. Draut and D. Muhs for their insightful comments and contributions to the improvement of this work. We appreciate the feedback and insights of the anonymous reviewers and editor and thank them for helping to greatly improve this paper. We thank the Navajo Nation and the Navajo Department of Natural Resources for their support of this research. All scientific study on the Navajo Nation requires a permit from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department, PO Box 1910, Window Rock, AZ 86515, United States. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 228 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.023 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AY4WQ UT WOS:000347576300004 ER PT J AU Hupp, CR Schenk, ER Kroes, DE Willard, DA Townsend, PA Peet, RK AF Hupp, C. R. Schenk, E. R. Kroes, D. E. Willard, D. A. Townsend, P. A. Peet, R. K. TI Patterns of floodplain sediment deposition along the regulated lower Roanoke River, North Carolina: Annual, decadal, centennial scales SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Floodplain sedimentation; Legacy sediment; Regulated flow; Dam impacts; GIS model; Dendrogeomorphology ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; WETLAND SEDIMENTATION; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; USA; BASIN AB The lower Roanoke River on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina is not embayed and maintains a floodplain that is among the largest on the mid-Atlantic Coast. This floodplain has been impacted by substantial aggradation in response to upstream colonial and post-colonial agriculture between the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. Additionally, since the mid-twentieth century stream flow has been regulated by a series of high dams. We used artificial markers (clay pads), tree-ring (dendrogeomorphic) techniques, and pollen analyses to document sedimentation rates/amounts over short-, intermediate-, and long-term temporal scales, respectively. These analyses occurred along 58 transects at 378 stations throughout the lower river floodplain from near the Fall Line to the Albemarle Sound. Present sediment deposition rates ranged from 0.5 to 3.4 mm/y and 0.3 to 5.9 mm/y from clay pad and dendrogeomorphic analyses, respectively. Deposition rates systematically increased from upstream (high banks and floodplain) to downstream (low banks) reaches, except the lowest reaches. Conversely, legacy sediment deposition (A.D. 1725 to 1850) ranged from 5 to about 40 mm/y, downstream to upstream, respectively, and is apparently responsible for high banks upstream and large/wide levees along some of the middle stream reaches. Dam operations have selectively reduced levee deposition while facilitating continued backswamp deposition. A GIS-based model predicts 453,000 Mg of sediment is trapped annually on the floodplain and that little watershed-derived sediment reaches the Albemarle Sound. Nearly all sediment in transport and deposited is derived from the channel bed and banks. Legacy deposits (sources) and regulated discharges affect most aspects of present fluvial sedimentation dynamics. The lower river reflects complex relaxation conditions following both major human alterations, yet continues to provide the ecosystem service of sediment trapping. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hupp, C. R.; Schenk, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kroes, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Water Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Willard, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Townsend, P. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peet, R. K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hupp, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM crhupp@usgs.gov RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008; OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774; Peet, Robert/0000-0003-2823-6587; Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU NSF [EAR GEO 0105929]; USGS National Research Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; Nature Conservancy (TNC); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was part of a larger effort funded in part by NSF grant EAR GEO 0105929, the USGS National Research Program, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The number of people who assisted in this research, in the field and in the lab, is large and would be impossible to recognize all. However, the authors would like to thank Mike Schening, Randy Richardson, Mike Shackleford, Josh Elwell, Tommy Donnelson, and Russ Gray for many long days in the field and laboratory. We would like to recognize former TNC staff Jeff Horton and Sam Pearsall for assistance and support in the early days; Jean Richter (USFWS) for her generosity and help in field logistics; Tom Sheehan for pollen processing; Bryan Landacre, Roger Brown, and Chris Bernhardt for assistance in pollen analyses and helpful discussion; and especially Jackie White (recent UNC Ph.D.) for verification and modifications of the GIS inundation model and recent clay pad measurements. Waite Osterkamp provided valuable colleague review. Suggestions provided by anonymous peers and the editor, Richard Marston, further improved the clarity of the manuscript. And lastly, we appreciate the work of many fine researchers too numerous to name except through citation in the present paper. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 228 BP 666 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.023 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AY4WQ UT WOS:000347576300053 ER PT J AU East, AE Pess, GR Bountry, JA Magirl, CS Ritchie, AC Logan, JB Randle, TJ Mastin, MC Minear, JT Duda, JJ Liermann, MC McHenry, ML Beechie, TJ Shafroth, PB AF East, Amy E. Pess, George R. Bountry, Jennifer A. Magirl, Christopher S. Ritchie, Andrew C. Logan, Joshua B. Randle, Timothy J. Mastin, Mark C. Minear, Justin T. Duda, Jeffrey J. Liermann, Martin C. McHenry, Michael L. Beechie, Timothy J. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: River channel and floodplain geomorphic change SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Dams; Dam removal; Channel evolution; Floodplain; Sediment wave ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FROM-MOTION PHOTOGRAMMETRY; FINE-SEDIMENT; LAND-USE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; GRAIN-SIZE; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SPAWNING GRAVELS AB A substantial increase in fluvial sediment supply relative to transport capacity causes complex, large-magnitude changes in river and floodplain morphology downstream. Although sedimentary and geomorphic responses to sediment pulses are a fundamental part of landscape evolution, few opportunities exist to quantify those processes over field scales. We investigated the downstream effects of sediment released during the largest dam removal in history, on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, by measuring changes in riverbed elevation and topography, bed sediment grain size, and channel planform as two dams were removed in stages over two years. As 10.5 million t (7.1 million m(3)) of sediment was released from two former reservoirs, downstream dispersion of a sediment wave caused widespread bed aggradation of similar to 1 m (greater where pools filled), changed the river from pool-riffle to braided morphology, and decreased the slope of the lowermost river. The newly deposited sediment, which was finer than most of the pre-dam-removal bed, formed new bars (largely pebble, granule, and sand material), prompting aggradational channel avulsion that increased the channel braiding index by almost 50%. As a result of mainstem bed aggradation, floodplain channels received flow and accumulated new sediment even during low to moderate flow conditions. The river system showed a two- to tenfold greater geomorphic response to dam removal (in terms of bed elevation change magnitude) than it had to a 40-year flood event four years before dam removal. Two years after dam removal began, as the river had started to incise through deposits of the initial sediment wave, similar to 1.2 million t of new sediment (similar to 10% of the amount released from the two reservoirs) was stored along 18 river km of the mainstem channel and 25 km of floodplain channels. The Elwha River thus was able to transport most of the released sediment to the river mouth. The geomorphic alterations and changing bed sediment grain size along the Elwha River have important ecological implications, affecting aquatic habitat structure, benthic fauna, salmonid fish spawning and rearing potential, and riparian vegetation. The response of the river to dam removal represents a unique opportunity to observe and quantify fundamental geomorphic processes associated with a massive sediment influx, and also provides important lessons for future river-restoration endeavors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [East, Amy E.; Logan, Joshua B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pess, George R.; Liermann, Martin C.; Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bountry, Jennifer A.; Randle, Timothy J.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Magirl, Christopher S.; Mastin, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Ritchie, Andrew C.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Minear, Justin T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP East, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM aeast@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460; Mastin, Mark/0000-0003-4018-7861 FU National Park Service; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was funded by the National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We also acknowledge valuable discussions among colleagues through the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group on dam removal (2013-2015). The use of trade and company names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank A. Geffre, H. Hugunin, S. Kimbrel, P. Perkins, K. Wille, and numerous volunteers for their contributions to fieldwork on the Elwha River and related data analysis. A Tan processed sediment samples in the USGS sediment laboratory, Santa Cruz, CA. RI. Major, L. Harrison, J.A. Warrick, G.R. Gelfenbaum, B. Free, J.E. O'Connor, J.W. Lauer, and V. Leung are thanked for their discussions and comments on this manuscript. T.E. Lisle, M.A. Collins, one anonymous reviewer, and editor R.A. Marston provided thorough, constructive comments that improved the paper. NR 173 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 21 U2 142 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 228 BP 765 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.028 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AY4WQ UT WOS:000347576300062 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Duberstein, JA Conner, WH AF Krauss, Ken W. Duberstein, Jamie A. Conner, William H. TI Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE forest water cycle; hydrology; power analysis; scaling; swamp; tidal freshwater forested wetland; vapour pressure deficit; wet flatwood; South Carolina ID SAP FLUX-DENSITY; CANOPY STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; XYLEM SAP; PINE FOREST; FLOW-RATE; DISSIPATION PROBES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LEAF-AREA; TRANSPIRATION AB Forests comprise approximately 37% of the terrestrial land surface and influence global water cycling. However, very little attention has been directed towards understanding environmental impacts on stand water use (S) or in identifying rates of S from specific forested wetlands. Here, we use sapflow techniques to address two separate but linked objectives: (1) determine S in four, hydrologically distinctive South Carolina (USA) wetland forests from 2009-2010 and (2) describe potential error, uncertainty and stand-level variation associated with these assessments. Sapflow measurements were made from a number of tree species for approximately 2-8months over 2years to initiate the model, which was applied to canopy trees (DBH>10-20cm). We determined that S in three healthy forested wetlands varied from 1.97-3.97mmday(-1) or 355-687mmyear(-1) when scaled. In contrast, saltwater intrusion impacted individual tree physiology and size class distributions on a fourth site, which decreased S to 0.61-1.13mmday(-1) or 110-196mmyear(-1). The primary sources of error in estimations using sapflow probes would relate to calibration of probes and standardization relative to no flow periods and accounting for accurate sapflow attenuation with radial depth into the sapwood by species and site. Such inherent variation in water use among wetland forest stands makes small differences in S (<200mmyear(-1)) difficult to detect statistically through modelling, even though small differences may be important to local water cycling. These data also represent some of the first assessments of S from temperate, coastal forested wetlands along the Atlantic coast of the USA. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Duberstein, Jamie A.; Conner, William H.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov FU NIFA/USDA [SC-1700424] FX We thank Stan D. Wullschleger and two anonymous referees for reviewing earlier manuscript drafts, and Darren J. Johnson for conducting the power analysis. Nicole Cormier, Brian Williams, Steve Hutchinson, L. Wayne Inabinette, Mark Mann, and Andrew S. From provided valuable field assistance. From produced Figure 1. This research was supported by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development Program and the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area (salary, KWK). ClemsonUniversity's involvement was supported by NIFA/USDA, under project number SC-1700424. This paper represents Technical Contribution no. 6175 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 1 BP 112 EP 127 DI 10.1002/hyp.10130 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AX1KC UT WOS:000346705000011 ER PT J AU Penney, ZL Moffitt, CM AF Penney, Z. L. Moffitt, C. M. TI Fatty-acid profiles of white muscle and liver in stream-maturing steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from early migration to kelt emigration SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iteroparity; lipid; physiology; reproduction ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SPAWNING MIGRATION; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; GONAD MATURATION; FRESH-WATER; CHUM SALMON; METABOLISM AB The profiles of specific fatty acids (FA) in white muscle and liver of fasting steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were evaluated at three periods during their prespawning migration and at kelt emigration in the Snake-Columbia River of Washington, Oregon and Idaho, to improve the understanding of energy change. Twenty-seven FAs were identified; depletion of 10 of these was positively correlated in liver and white muscle of prespawning O. mykiss. To observe relative changes in FA content more accurately over sampling intervals, the lipid fraction of tissues was used to normalize the quantity of individual FA to an equivalent tissue wet mass. Saturated and monounsaturated FAs were depleted between upstream migration in September and kelt emigration in June, whereas polyunsaturated FAs were more conserved. Liver was depleted of FAs more rapidly than muscle. Three FAs were detected across all sampling intervals: 16:0, 18:1 and 22:6n3, which are probably structurally important to membranes. When structurally important FAs of O. mykiss are depleted to provide energy, physiological performance and survival may be affected. C1 [Penney, Z. L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Moffitt, C. M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership; Bonneville Power Administration [2007-401-00]; University of Idaho [2009-10] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration under project 2007-401-00, D. Hatch, project manager. C. Hoffman University of Idaho Aquaculture Research Center provided assistance with sample analysis and C. Williams provided statistical analysis advice. R. Hardy University of Idaho, three anonymous reviewers and Assistant Editor P. Wright provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. B. and M. Begay and family provided assistance sampling from the zone 6 tribal fishery; the Penney, Samuels and Taylor families provided samples from harvests on the Salmon River; and staff at Dworshak National Fish hatchery provided assistance with sampling. Operations at Lower Granite Dam were assisted by staff of the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Nez Perce Tribe and the University of Idaho students and staff: B. Sun, B. Jones, J. Buelow, K. Hamilton and A. Pape. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Idaho protocol #2009-10. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1111/jfb.12552 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY1NH UT WOS:000347359200008 PM 25424636 ER PT J AU Furey, NB Hinch, SG Lotto, AG Beauchamp, DA AF Furey, N. B. Hinch, S. G. Lotto, A. G. Beauchamp, D. A. TI Extensive feeding on sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts by bull trout Salvelinus confluentus during initial outmigration into a small, unregulated and inland British Columbia river SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE charr; feeding ecology; migration; predation; prey pulse; stomach contents ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NORTHERN PIKEMINNOW; DOLLY VARDEN; PREDATION; FISH; LAKE; CONSUMPTION; MORTALITY; TURBIDITY; SUBSIDIES AB Stomach contents were collected and analysed from 22 bull trout Salvelinus confluentus at the edge of the Chilko Lake and Chilko River in British Columbia, Canada, during spring outmigration of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts. Twenty of the 22 (>90%) stomachs contained prey items, virtually all identifiable prey items were outmigrant O. nerka smolts and stomach contents represented a large portion (00-126%) of estimated S. confluentus mass. The results demonstrate nearly exclusive and intense feeding by S. confluentus on outmigrant smolts, and support recent telemetry observations of high disappearance rates of O. nerka smolts leaving large natural lake systems prior to entering high-order unregulated river systems. C1 [Furey, N. B.; Hinch, S. G.; Lotto, A. G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Pacific Salmon Ecol & Conservat Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Beauchamp, D. A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Furey, NB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Pacific Salmon Ecol & Conservat Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM n.b.furey@gmail.com RI Furey, Nathan/J-4862-2012 OI Furey, Nathan/0000-0002-8584-7889 FU Pacific Salmon Foundation; Canada Ocean Tracking Network [Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)]; Canada Ocean Tracking Network [Canada Foundation for Innovation]; NSERC FX The authors thank C. Middleton for assistance in the field. Further assistance in the field and data access was provided by K. Benner, B. Leaf and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Stock Assessment group at the Chilko field camp. Work was conducted with scientific collection permit #WL13-86458 from the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. Funding was provided by the Pacific Salmon Foundation, Canada Ocean Tracking Network [Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation] and a NSERC Discovery Grant awarded to S.G.H. Funding for N.B.F. was provided by a NSERC Vanier Graduate Scholarship. In addition, we thank the Xeni Gwet'in First Nation for access to study sites and DFO for field site accommodations. The manuscript was improved by the comments and edits provided by N. Jonsson, R. Al-Chokhachy and two anonymous reviewers. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1111/jfb.12567 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY1NH UT WOS:000347359200029 PM 25494841 ER PT J AU Owen, MA Swaisgood, RR Slocomb, C Amstrup, SC Durner, GM Simac, K Pessier, AP AF Owen, M. A. Swaisgood, R. R. Slocomb, C. Amstrup, S. C. Durner, G. M. Simac, K. Pessier, A. P. TI An experimental investigation of chemical communication in the polar bear SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical communication; climate change; conservation; environmental constraints; signals; ursid ID PANDAS AILUROPODA-MELANOLEUCA; GIANT PANDAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCENT-MARKING; BEAUFORT SEA; BODY-SIZE; DISCRIMINATION; CONSERVATION; PHYSIOLOGY; ECOLOGY AB The polar bear (Ursus maritimus), with its wide-ranging movements, solitary existence and seasonal reproduction, is expected to favor chemosignaling over other communication modalities. However, the topography of its Arctic sea ice habitat is generally lacking in stationary vertical substrates routinely used for targeted scent marking in other bears. These environmental constraints may have shaped a marking strategy, unique to polar bears, for widely dispersed continuous dissemination of scent via foot pads. To investigate the role of chemical communication, pedal scents were collected from free-ranging polar bears of different sex and reproductive classes captured on spring sea ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, and presented in a controlled fashion to 26 bears in zoos. Results from behavioral bioassays indicated that bears, especially females, were more likely to approach conspecific scent during the spring than the fall. Male flehmen behavior, indicative of chemosignal delivery to the vomeronasal organ, differentiated scent donor by sex and reproductive condition. Histologic examination of pedal skin collected from two females indicated prominent and profuse apocrine glands in association with large compound hair follicles, suggesting that they may produce scents that function as chemosignals. These results suggest that pedal scent, regardless of origin, conveys information to conspecifics that may facilitate social and reproductive behavior, and that chemical communication in this species has been adaptively shaped by environmental constraints of its habitat. However, continuously distributed scent signals necessary for breeding behavior may prove less effective if current and future environmental conditions cause disruption of scent trails due to increased fracturing of sea ice. C1 [Owen, M. A.; Swaisgood, R. R.; Slocomb, C.; Pessier, A. P.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Amstrup, S. C.] Polar Bears Int, Bozeman, MT USA. [Durner, G. M.; Simac, K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Owen, MA (reprint author), San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, POB 120551, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. EM mowen@sandiegozoo.org FU Polar Bears International FX The authors are grateful to Polar Bears International for funding and logistical support. Primary funding for polar bear captures in the Beaufort Sea was provided by the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Mission Areas. Special thanks to the U.S.F.W.S. in Anchorage, Alaska for providing additional scent samples, and the Reid Park, Oregon, Maryland, Toledo, Memphis, San Diego, SeaWorld San Diego, Toronto, Aquarium du Quebec and Buffalo Zoos for graciously allowing us to include their polar bears in this study. All parties mentioned above were instrumental in making this research happen. We are grateful to Thomas S. Smith, Todd Atwood and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews of this paper. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 25 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 295 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1111/jzo.12181 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AY0RS UT WOS:000347305100005 ER PT J AU Balint, M Bartha, L O'Hara, RB Olson, MS Otte, J Pfenninger, M Robertson, AL Tiffin, P Schmitt, I AF Balint, Miklos Bartha, Laszlo O'Hara, Robert B. Olson, Matthew S. Otte, Juergen Pfenninger, Markus Robertson, Amanda L. Tiffin, Peter Schmitt, Imke TI Relocation, high-latitude warming and host genetic identity shape the foliar fungal microbiome of poplars SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; community genetics; enemy release; metabarcoding; micro-organism biogeography; plant-fungal interactions ID POPULUS-BALSAMIFERA L.; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE SHIFTS; ENDOPHYTE COMMUNITIES; LOCAL ADAPTATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESISTANCE AB Micro-organisms associated with plants and animals affect host fitness, shape community structure and influence ecosystem properties. Climate change is expected to influence microbial communities, but their reactions are not well understood. Host-associated micro-organisms are influenced by the climate reactions of their hosts, which may undergo range shifts due to climatic niche tracking, or may be actively relocated to mitigate the effects of climate change. We used a common-garden experiment and rDNA metabarcoding to examine the effect of host relocation and high-latitude warming on the complex fungal endophytic microbiome associated with leaves of an ecologically dominant boreal forest tree (Populus balsamifera L.). We also considered the potential effects of poplar genetic identity in defining the reactions of the microbiome to the treatments. The relocation of hosts to the north increased the diversity of the microbiome and influenced its structure, with results indicating enemy release from plausible pathogens. High-latitude warming decreased microbiome diversity in comparison with natural northern conditions. The warming also caused structural changes, which made the fungal communities distinct in comparison with both low-latitude and high-latitude natural communities, and increased the abundance of plausible pathogens. The reactions of the microbiome to relocation and warming were strongly dependent on host genetic identity. This suggests that climate change effects on host-microbiome systems may be mediated by the interaction of environmental factors and the population genetic processes of the hosts. C1 [Balint, Miklos; O'Hara, Robert B.; Otte, Juergen; Pfenninger, Markus; Schmitt, Imke] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Bartha, Laszlo] Babe Bolyai Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Res Bionano Sci, Lab Mol Environm Biol, Cluj Napoca 400271, Romania. [Olson, Matthew S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Olson, Matthew S.; Robertson, Amanda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pfenninger, Markus; Schmitt, Imke] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Okol Evolut & Diversitat, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Robertson, Amanda L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Tiffin, Peter] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Balint, M (reprint author), Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. EM miklos.balint@senckenberg.de; imke.schmitt@senckenberg.de RI O'Hara, Robert/A-7499-2008 OI O'Hara, Robert/0000-0001-9737-3724 FU Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-Okonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE) of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts; US National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [DBI-0701911, 1137001]; Alaska EPSCoR (NSF) [EPS-0701898]; Alaska EPSCoR (state of Alaska) FX We are grateful for the comments of Ingo Ebersberger, Leho Tedersoo and three anonymous reviewers on a previous version of the manuscript. We are also grateful for feedback from Axios Review during the review process. Balsam poplar genotypes used in the current study are part of a much larger collection of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's AgCanBaP collection. We are grateful for the support of Agroforestry Development Centre, Indian Head, Canada, for assistance in sampling of leaves in the Indian Head common garden. The work was funded by the research funding programme Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-Okonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE) of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts, a US National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program grant (DBI-0701911 and 1137001) and a grant from Alaska EPSCoR (NSF award #EPS-0701898 and the state of Alaska). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 89 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1111/mec.13018 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AY2WF UT WOS:000347446300017 PM 25443313 ER PT J AU Sun, W Zhu, YQ Huang, SL Guo, CX AF Sun, Wei Zhu, Yunqiang Huang, Shengli Guo, Chunxia TI Mapping the mean annual precipitation of China using local interpolation techniques SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SOIL PROPERTIES; SPATIAL INTERPOLATION; KRIGING APPROACH; RAINFALL; PREDICTION; BASIN; ELEVATION AB Spatially explicit precipitation data are required in the research of hydrology, agriculture, ecology, and environmental sciences. In this study, two established techniques of local ordinary linear regression (OLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) and two new local hybrid interpolation techniques of local regression-kriging (LRK) and geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK) were compared to predict the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation of China. Precipitation data from 684 meteorological stations were used in the analysis, and a stepwise regression analysis was used to select six covariates, including longitude, latitude, elevation, slope, surface roughness, and river density. The four spatial prediction methods (OLR, GWR, LRK, and GWRK) were implemented with local regression techniques with different number of neighbors (50, 100, 150, and 200). The prediction accuracy was assessed at validation sites with the root mean squared deviation, mean estimation error, and R-square values. The results showed that LRK outperforms OLR and GWRK outperforms GWR, indicating that adding the kriging of regression residuals can help improve the prediction performance. GWRK gives the best prediction but the accuracy of estimation varies with the number of neighborhood points used for modeling. Although LRK is outperformed by GWRK, LRK is still recommended as a powerful and practical interpolation method given its computation efficiency. However, if LRK and GWRK are used to extrapolate prediction values, post-processing in the areal interpolation will be needed. C1 [Sun, Wei; Zhu, Yunqiang; Guo, Chunxia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Huang, Shengli] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Fed, Sioux, SD USA. RP Zhu, YQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zhuyq@igsnrr.ac.cn FU IGSNRR, CAS [2012ZD010]; LREIS [O88RA900KA]; CAS; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M530064] FX This research was supported by the Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS (Grant No. 2012ZD010), Research Plan of LREIS (Grant No. O88RA900KA), CAS, and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2013M530064). The authors thank Data Sharing Infrastructure of Earth System Science for providing data for the analysis. The authors are particularly grateful to Dr. Budiman Minasny from the University of Sydney for the suggestions in editing this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any government. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s00704-014-1105-3 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY2HI UT WOS:000347409100014 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, ZG Buhl, K Bartell, SE Schoenfuss, HL AF Jorgenson, Z. G. Buhl, K. Bartell, S. E. Schoenfuss, H. L. TI Do Laboratory Species Protect Endangered Species? Interspecies Variation in Responses to 17 beta-Estradiol, a Model Endocrine Active Compound SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; ASSESSING CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENT; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; FISH; VITELLOGENIN; EXPOSURE AB Although the effects of estrogens on model laboratory species are well documented, their utility as surrogates for other species, including those listed as endangered, are less clear. Traditionally, conservation policies are evaluated based on model organism responses but are intended to protect all species in an environment. We tested the hypothesis that the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) is more vulnerable to endocrine disruption-as assessed through its larval predator-escape performance, survival, juvenile sex ratios, and whole-body vitellogenin concentration-than the commonly used toxicological model species fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Fish were exposed concurrently for 21 days to the model endocrine active compound (EAC) 17-estradiol (E2) at 10 ng E2/L and 30 ng E2/L in a flow-through system using reconstituted water that simulated the physicochemical conditions of the Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico, USA. No significant differences were observed between the fathead and silvery minnow in larval predator-escape response or juvenile sex ratio. Rio Grande silvery minnow survival decreased significantly at day 14 compared with the other two species; by day 21, both cyprinid species (silvery minnow and fathead minnow) exhibited a significant decrease in survival compared with bluegill sunfish, a member of the family Centrarchidae. Male Rio Grande silvery minnow showed a significant increase in whole-body vitellogenin concentration in the 10 ng/L treatment, whereas fathead minnow and bluegill sunfish showed no significant increases in vitellogenin concentrations across treatments. Our study showed response differences to estrogen exposures between the two cyprinid species and further divergence in responses between the families Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae. These results suggest that commonly used laboratory model organisms may be less sensitive to EACs than the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow. However, this study supports the continued use of surrogate species for the beneficial implementation of water-quality regulations for the protection of threatened and endangered species if phylogenetic relationships are taken into consideration. C1 [Jorgenson, Z. G.; Schoenfuss, H. L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Buhl, K.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Yankton Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. [Bartell, S. E.] Normandale Community Coll, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB 273,720 Fourth Ave South, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund FX We thank the staff at the USGS Yankton Field Research Station, specifically Ron Grandi, Travis Schaeffer, and Evie Sime, for their assistance in daily care and maintenance of the exposure system and fish. Andrew Meister and Jeffrey Miller at the St. Cloud State University Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory provided assistance with sample preparation. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive puproses only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 68 IS 1 BP 204 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s00244-014-0076-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AX9UQ UT WOS:000347247900020 PM 25164071 ER PT J AU Linares-Casenave, J Linville, R Van Eenennaam, JP Muguet, JB Doroshov, SI AF Linares-Casenave, Javier Linville, R. Van Eenennaam, J. P. Muguet, J. B. Doroshov, S. I. TI SELENIUM TISSUE BURDEN COMPARTMENTALIZATION IN RESIDENT WHITE STURGEON (ACIPENSER TRANSMONTANUS) OF THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY DELTA ESTUARY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE White sturgeon; Selenium; Tissue burden; San Francisco Bay Delta; Bioaccumulation; Biomagnification ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; DIETARY L-SELENOMETHIONINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; JOAQUIN ESTUARY; TOXICITY; FOOD; EXPOSURE; FRESH AB High selenium (Se) loads in the San Francisco Bay Delta are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in food webs and can impair the reproduction of resident oviparous animals such as white sturgeon. The objective of the present study was to determine the Se tissue burden in San Francisco Bay Delta-resident white sturgeon to assess Se bioaccumulation in different organs, including ovaries and liver where egg yolk precursor proteins are synthesized. The authors obtained 54 San Francisco Bay Delta-resident white sturgeon including 26 female and 28 male subadults with immature gonads, 8 females with vitellogenic eggs, and 13 males with maturing gonads. Length, weight, age, reproductive stage of development, and kidney, liver, gonad, and muscle Se concentrations were determined in all fish. Concentrations of Se in muscle, gonads, and liver significantly increased with fish size, whereas kidney Se was not correlated to body size and was at the highest level compared with other organs. There was no difference between the sexes (p>0.05) in Se concentrations in kidney (12.83 +/- 0.51 mu gg(-1) dry wt), liver (11.85 +/- 1.04 mu gg(-1) dry wt), and muscle (7.09 +/- 0.52 mu gg(-1) dry wt; mean +/- standard error, n=47); but Se concentration was higher in the ovary than in testis (p=0.04). Females with vitellogenic eggs had higher Se concentrations in the ovaries (20.77 +/- 4.11 mu gg(-1) dry wt vs 5.22 +/- 2.50 mu gg(-1) dry wt), liver (21.84 +/- 2.07 mu gg(-1) dry wt vs 8.03 +/- 1.03 mu gg(-1) dry wt), and muscle (10.18 +/- 1.93 mu gg(-1) dry wt vs 5.48 +/- 0.64 mu gg(-1) dry wt) compared with less advanced, previtellogenic females (p<0.05). The elevated Se concentrations in the ovaries and liver of vitellogenic San Francisco Bay Delta white sturgeon were comparable with levels previously shown to cause reproductive toxicity in dietary Se experiments with captive white sturgeon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:152-160. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Linares-Casenave, Javier; Linville, R.; Van Eenennaam, J. P.; Muguet, J. B.; Doroshov, S. I.] Univ Calif, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Linares-Casenave, Javier] US Fish Wildlife Serv, Pacif Southwest Reg Off, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Linares-Casenave, J (reprint author), Univ Calif, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Javier_Linares@fws.gov FU CALFED Bay Delta Science Program [ERP-02-P35a, 4600002881] FX We thank the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the US BOR Tracy Fish Recovery Facility, and the laboratories of J. Cech and P. Klimley at the University of California-Davis for providing fish for the present study. The present study was funded by the CALFED Bay Delta Science Program under project ERP-02-P35a and contract 4600002881. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1002/etc.2775 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AX2QT UT WOS:000346789800019 PM 25319114 ER PT J AU Youngsteadt, E Dale, AG Terando, AJ Dunn, RR Frank, SD AF Youngsteadt, Elsa Dale, Adam G. Terando, Adam J. Dunn, Robert R. Frank, Steven D. TI Do cities simulate climate change? A comparison of herbivore response to urban and global warming SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acer rubrum; climate change; global warming; herbivory; historical comparison; Melanaspis tenebricosa; urban ecosystem; urban warming ID NEW-YORK-CITY; INSECT HERBIVORES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; COMMON RAGWEED; TROPHIC LEVELS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS AB Cities experience elevated temperature, CO2, and nitrogen deposition decades ahead of the global average, such that biological response to urbanization may predict response to future climate change. This hypothesis remains untested due to a lack of complementary urban and long-term observations. Here, we examine the response of an herbivore, the scale insect Melanaspis tenebricosa, to temperature in the context of an urban heat island, a series of historical temperature fluctuations, and recent climate warming. We survey M. tenebricosa on 55 urban street trees in Raleigh, NC, 342 herbarium specimens collected in the rural southeastern United States from 1895 to 2011, and at 20 rural forest sites represented by both modern (2013) and historical samples. We relate scale insect abundance to August temperatures and find that M. tenebricosa is most common in the hottest parts of the city, on historical specimens collected during warm time periods, and in present-day rural forests compared to the same sites when they were cooler. Scale insects reached their highest densities in the city, but abundance peaked at similar temperatures in urban and historical datasets and tracked temperature on a decadal scale. Although urban habitats are highly modified, species response to a key abiotic factor, temperature, was consistent across urban and rural-forest ecosystems. Cities may be an appropriate but underused system for developing and testing hypotheses about biological effects of climate change. Future work should test the applicability of this model to other groups of organisms. C1 [Youngsteadt, Elsa; Dale, Adam G.; Frank, Steven D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Terando, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Terando, Adam J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Youngsteadt, E (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eyoungsteadt@gmail.com RI publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017; OI Terando, Adam/0000-0002-9280-043X FU US Geological Survey [G11AC20471, G13AC00405]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2013-02476]; NSF Career grant [NSF 0953390]; NCSU Department of Entomology; Keck Center for Behavioral Biology; NSF RAPID [1318655] FX We thank herbarium personnel Layne Huiet, Alexander Krings, Carol Ann McCormick and Barbara Thiers for assistance. Greg Bryant, Scott Eney, Andrew Ernst, Thomas George, Caitlyn Melvin, Christi Mileski, Uchenna Nwoko, and George Washburn collected samples and data. Jason Osborne commented on statistical analyses in an earlier version of this manuscript. Sampling was approved by North Carolina State Parks, Bladen Lakes State Forest, Yates Mill County Park, the Town of Pittsboro, Raleigh Parks and Recreation, Duke Forest, North Carolina State University and the North Carolina Botanical Garden. We thank Michael Reiskind, Coby Schal, Brian Wiegmann, Micky Eubanks, Ian Kaplan, and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement No. G11AC20471 and G13AC00405 from US Geological Survey to R.R.D. and S.D.F. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2013-02476 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture to S.D.F. and E.Y., an NSF Career grant (NSF 0953390) to R.R.D., and by the NCSU Department of Entomology and the Keck Center for Behavioral Biology. S.D.F. and R.R.D were also supported by NSF RAPID (1318655). NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 16 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1111/gcb.12692 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1HJ UT WOS:000346698100011 PM 25163424 ER PT J AU Winslow, LA Read, JS Hanson, PC Stanley, EH AF Winslow, Luke A. Read, Jordan S. Hanson, Paul C. Stanley, Emily H. TI Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE lake morphology; macrosystem ecology; power-laws; small lakes; upscaling ID RESERVOIRS; PONDS AB With lake abundances in the thousands to millions, creating an intuitive understanding of the global distribution of morphology and processes in lakes is challenging. To improve researchers' understanding of large-scale lake processes, we developed a parsimonious mathematical model based on the Pareto distribution to describe the distribution of lake morphology (area, perimeter, and volume). While debate continues over which mathematical representation best fits any one distribution of lake morphometric characteristics, we recognize the need for a simple, flexible model to advance understanding of how the interaction between morphometry and function dictates scaling across large populations of lakes. These models make clear the relative contribution of individual lakes to the total amount of lake surface area, volume, and perimeter. They also highlight the critical thresholds at which total perimeter, area, and volume would be evenly distributed across lake-size classes having Pareto slopes of 0.63, 1.00, and 1.12, respectively. These morphological models can be used in combination with process models to create overarching "lake population" level models of process. To illustrate this potential, we combined the model of surface area distribution with a model of carbon mass accumulation rate. We found that even if smaller lakes contribute relatively less to total surface area than larger lakes, the increasing carbon accumulation rate with decreasing lake size is strong enough to bias the distribution of carbon mass accumulation toward smaller lakes. This analytical framework provides a relatively simple approach to upscaling morphology and process that can be easily generalized to other ecosystem processes. C1 [Winslow, Luke A.; Hanson, Paul C.; Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Winslow, Luke A.; Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. RP Winslow, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lwinslow@usgs.gov OI Read, Jordan/0000-0002-3888-6631; Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 FU National Science Foundation (Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network) [DEB-0941510, EF-1065818]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [1182] FX We thank those who provided feedback throughout the manuscript preparation process, especially Emily Read and Kevin Rose. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grants DEB-0941510 (Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network), EF-1065818, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, award 1182. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.5268/IW-5.1.740 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0KQ UT WOS:000347285900002 ER PT J AU Meyer, CFJ Aguiar, LMS Aguirre, LF Baumgarten, J Clarke, FM Cosson, JF Villegas, SE Fahr, J Faria, D Furey, N Henry, M Jenkins, RKB Kunz, TH MacSwiney, MC Moya, I Pons, JM Racey, PA Rex, K Sampaio, EM Stoner, KE Voigt, CC von Staden, D Weise, CD Kalko, EKV AF Meyer, Christoph F. J. Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S. Aguirre, Luis F. Baumgarten, Julio Clarke, Frank M. Cosson, Jean-Francois Villegas, Sergio Estrada Fahr, Jakob Faria, Deborah Furey, Neil Henry, Mickael Jenkins, Richard K. B. Kunz, Thomas H. MacSwiney G., Ma. Cristina Moya, Isabel Pons, Jean-Marc Racey, Paul A. Rex, Katja Sampaio, Erica M. Stoner, Kathryn E. Voigt, Christian C. von Staden, Dietrich Weise, Christa D. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Species undersampling in tropical bat surveys: effects on emerging biodiversity patterns SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity surveys; Chiroptera; cost-effectiveness; representative sampling; species rarity; species subsamples ID MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES; RICHNESS PATTERNS; SAMPLING EFFORT; ASSEMBLAGES; FORESTS; CONSERVATION; SURROGATES; COMMON; BIOASSESSMENT; BIOINDICATORS AB Undersampling is commonplace in biodiversity surveys of species-rich tropical assemblages in which rare taxa abound, with possible repercussions for our ability to implement surveys and monitoring programmes in a cost-effective way. We investigated the consequences of information loss due to species undersampling (missing subsets of species from the full species pool) in tropical bat surveys for the emerging patterns of species richness (SR) and compositional variation across sites. For 27 bat assemblage data sets from across the tropics, we used correlations between original data sets and subsets with different numbers of species deleted either at random, or according to their rarity in the assemblage, to assess to what extent patterns in SR and composition in data subsets are congruent with those in the initial data set. We then examined to what degree high sample representativeness (r08) was influenced by biogeographic region, sampling method, sampling effort or structural assemblage characteristics. For SR, correlations between random subsets and original data sets were strong (r08) with moderate (ca. 20%) species loss. Bias associated with information loss was greater for species composition; on average ca. 90% of species in random subsets had to be retained to adequately capture among-site variation. For nonrandom subsets, removing only the rarest species (on average c.10% of the full data set) yielded strong correlations (r>095) for both SR and composition. Eliminating greater proportions of rare species resulted in weaker correlations and large variation in the magnitude of observed correlations among data sets. Species subsets that comprised ca. 85% of the original set can be considered reliable surrogates, capable of adequately revealing patterns of SR and temporal or spatial turnover in many tropical bat assemblages. Our analyses thus demonstrate the potential as well as limitations for reducing survey effort and streamlining sampling protocols, and consequently for increasing the cost-effectiveness in tropical bat surveys or monitoring programmes. The dependence of the performance of species subsets on structural assemblage characteristics (total assemblage abundance, proportion of rare species), however, underscores the importance of adaptive monitoring schemes and of establishing surrogate performance on a site by site basis based on pilot surveys. C1 [Meyer, Christoph F. J.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Meyer, Christoph F. J.; Fahr, Jakob; Sampaio, Erica M.; von Staden, Dietrich; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Aguirre, Luis F.] Univ Mayor San Simon, Ctr Biodiversidad & Genet, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Aguirre, Luis F.; Moya, Isabel] Ctr Estudios Biol Teor & Aplicada, Programa Conservac Ios Murcielagos Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia. [Baumgarten, Julio; Faria, Deborah] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45650000 Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. [Clarke, Frank M.; Furey, Neil; Jenkins, Richard K. B.; MacSwiney G., Ma. Cristina] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Cosson, Jean-Francois] INRA, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Villegas, Sergio Estrada] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Fahr, Jakob] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Fahr, Jakob] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Zool, Div Evolutionary Biol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Henry, Mickael] INRA, UR Abeilles & Environm 406, F-84914 Avignon, France. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, DICE, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [MacSwiney G., Ma. Cristina] Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest Trop, Veracruz 91019, Mexico. [Pons, Jean-Marc] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France. [Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Rex, Katja; Voigt, Christian C.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Stoner, Kathryn E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Weise, Christa D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tucson, AZ 85365 USA. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Meyer, CFJ (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM cmeyer@fc.ul.pt RI Meyer, Christoph/A-4363-2012; Stoner, Kathryn/E-1510-2015; Aguiar, Ludmilla/H-7339-2015; baumgarten, julio/A-5630-2012; Aguiar, Ludmilla /J-7659-2012; OI Meyer, Christoph/0000-0001-9958-8913; Stoner, Kathryn/0000-0002-9964-1697; Aguiar, Ludmilla/0000-0002-9180-5052; baumgarten, julio/0000-0001-9258-7547; Aguiar, Ludmilla /0000-0002-9180-5052; Cosson, Jean Francois/0000-0003-0863-5871 FU Conservation International (CI); MacArthur Foundation; German Academic Exchange Service; German Science Foundation [KA 1241/6-1, Vo 890/7]; Leverhulme Trust; National Geographic Society; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LC0017, 01LC0411, 01LC0617E1]; Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Boston University; Lubee Bat Conservancy; US National Science Foundation; Landesgraduiertenforderung Baden-Wurttemberg; Darwin Initiative; Rufford Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [168990]; University of Aberdeen; Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa - CNPq; Electricite de France [EDF CQZH 1294]; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico FX We thank Conservation International (CI) for financial support. The authors further acknowledge support from the following organizations for funding of the studies included in this work: The MacArthur Foundation (LFA, IM), German Academic Exchange Service (CFJM, JF), German Science Foundation [CFJM, EKVK (KA 1241/6-1), CCV (Vo 890/7)], The Leverhulme Trust (FMC, PAR), The National Geographic Society (RKBJ), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [JF, EKVK (BIOTA program, Project 01LC0017, 01LC0411 & 01LC0617E1)], The Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Boston University (THK, KR, CCV), Lubee Bat Conservancy (THK), US National Science Foundation (THK), Landesgraduiertenforderung Baden-Wurttemberg (JF), The Darwin Initiative (NF, RKBJ), The Rufford Foundation (NF), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [MCMG (No. 168990)], The University of Aberdeen (MCMG, PAR), Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa - CNPq (LMSA), Electricite de France [MH, JFC, JMP (Convention Museum/EDF CQZH 1294)], and Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (KES). We are grateful to Brock Fenton, two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for valuable comments, which improved the manuscript. This research evolved from a bat monitoring workshop hosted by the TEAM network at CI. Special thanks go to S. Andelman, K.E. Jones, T.H. Kunz and M.R. Willig who were instrumental in pursuing the idea of this meeting. We dedicate this research to our mentor, friend and colleague, Elisabeth Kalko, who sadly died before completion of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 84 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12261 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AX4NO UT WOS:000346909300011 PM 24942147 ER PT J AU Allison, AB Ballard, JR Tesh, RB Brown, JD Ruder, MG Keel, MK Munk, BA Mickley, RM Gibbs, SEJ da Rosa, APAT Ellis, JC Ip, HS Shearn-Bochsler, VI Rogers, MB Ghedin, E Holmes, EC Parrish, CR Dwyer, C AF Allison, Andrew B. Ballard, Jennifer R. Tesh, Robert B. Brown, Justin D. Ruder, Mark G. Keel, M. Kevin Munk, Brandon A. Mickley, Randall M. Gibbs, Samantha E. J. da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos Ellis, Julie C. Ip, Hon S. Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. Rogers, Matthew B. Ghedin, Elodie Holmes, Edward C. Parrish, Colin R. Dwyer, Chris TI Cyclic Avian Mass Mortality in the Northeastern United States Is Associated with a Novel Orthomyxovirus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARGAS-PERSICARGAS-ARBOREUS; ENVELOPE FUSION PROTEIN; TICK-BORNE VIRUSES; ARANSAS-BAY-VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A; DHORI VIRUS; FAMILY ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE; HYALOMMA-DROMEDARII; MACQUARIE ISLAND; MEMBRANE-FUSION AB Since 1998, cyclic mortality events in common eiders (Somateria mollissima), numbering in the hundreds to thousands of dead birds, have been documented along the coast of Cape Cod, MA, USA. Although longitudinal disease investigations have uncovered potential contributing factors responsible for these outbreaks, detecting a primary etiological agent has proven enigmatic. Here, we identify a novel orthomyxovirus, tentatively named Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), as a potential causative agent of these outbreaks. Genomic analysis of WFBV revealed that it is most closely related to members of the Quaranjavirus genus within the family Orthomyxoviridae. Similar to other members of the genus, WFBV contains an alphabaculovirus gp64-like glycoprotein that was demonstrated to have fusion activity; this also tentatively suggests that ticks (and/or insects) may vector the virus in nature. However, in addition to the six RNA segments encoding the prototypical structural proteins identified in other quaranjaviruses, a previously unknown RNA segment (segment 7) encoding a novel protein designated VP7 was discovered in WFBV. Although WFBV shows low to moderate levels of sequence similarity to Quaranfil virus and Johnston Atoll virus, the original members of the Quaranjavirus genus, additional antigenic and genetic analyses demonstrated that it is closely related to the recently identified Cygnet River virus (CyRV) from South Australia, suggesting that WFBV and CyRV may be geographic variants of the same virus. Although the identification of WFBV in part may resolve the enigma of these mass mortality events, the details of the ecology and epidemiology of the virus remain to be determined. IMPORTANCE The emergence or reemergence of viral pathogens resulting in large-scale outbreaks of disease in humans and/or animals is one of the most important challenges facing biomedicine. For example, understanding how orthomyxoviruses such as novel influenza A virus reassortants and/or mutants emerge to cause epidemic or pandemic disease is at the forefront of current global health concerns. Here, we describe the emergence of a novel orthomyxovirus, Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), which has been associated with cyclic large-scale bird die-offs in the northeastern United States. This initial characterization study provides a foundation for further research into the evolution, epidemiology, and ecology of newly emerging orthomyxoviruses, such as WFBV, and their potential impacts on animal and/or human health. C1 [Allison, Andrew B.; Parrish, Colin R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Allison, Andrew B.; Ballard, Jennifer R.; Brown, Justin D.; Ruder, Mark G.; Keel, M. Kevin; Munk, Brandon A.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Tesh, Robert B.; da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Mickley, Randall M.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, MA CT RI Program, Sutton, MA USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Patuxent Res Refuge, Laurel, MD USA. [Ellis, Julie C.] Tufts Univ, Dept Infect Dis & Global Hlth, Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA USA. [Ip, Hon S.; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Rogers, Matthew B.; Ghedin, Elodie] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Vaccine Res, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] Univ Sydney, Marie Beshir Inst Infect Dis & Biosecur, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Holmes, Edward C.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Dwyer, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Div Migratory Birds, Hadley, MA USA. RP Allison, AB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aba75@cornell.edu OI Allison, Andrew B./0000-0003-0971-1215; Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU United States Department of the Interior (USDI) [F12AP0122]; wildlife management agencies of the SCWDS member states through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act [50 Stat.917]; USDI [G11AC20003]; National Health and Medical Research Council Australia Fellowship; NRSA from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [F32AI100545] FX Funding for this research was provided by United States Department of the Interior (USDI) Cooperative Agreement F12AP0122 to A.B.A. Additional support was provided by the wildlife management agencies of the SCWDS member states through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat.917) and by USDI Cooperative Agreement G11AC20003. E.C.H. was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Australia Fellowship. A.B.A. is additionally supported through an NRSA postdoctoral fellowship (F32AI100545) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 2 BP 1389 EP 1403 DI 10.1128/JVI.02019-14 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA AX8SN UT WOS:000347178900043 PM 25392223 ER PT J AU Lemons, PR Marshall, TC McCloskey, SE Sethi, SA Schmutz, JA Sedinger, JS AF Lemons, P. R. Marshall, T. C. McCloskey, S. E. Sethi, S. A. Schmutz, J. A. Sedinger, J. S. TI A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans); cervus; conspecific brood parasitism; extra-pair paternity; intraspecific brood parasitism; parentage analysis ID INTRASPECIFIC NEST PARASITISM; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; WOOD DUCKS; BIRDS; SUCCESS AB Genotypes are frequently used to assess alternative reproductive strategies such as extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in wild populations. However, such analyses are vulnerable to genotyping error or molecular artefacts that can bias results. For example, when using multilocus microsatellite data, a mismatch at a single locus, suggesting the offspring was not directly related to its putative parents, can occur quite commonly even when the offspring is truly related. Some recent studies have advocated an ad-hoc rule that offspring must differ at more than one locus in order to conclude that they are not directly related. While this reduces the frequency with which true offspring are identified as not directly related young, it also introduces bias in the opposite direction, wherein not directly related young are categorized as true offspring. More importantly, it ignores the additional information on allele frequencies which would reduce overall bias. In this study, we present a novel technique for assessing extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism using a likelihood-based approach in a new version of program cervus. We test the suitability of the technique by applying it to a simulated data set and then present an example to demonstrate its influence on the estimation of alternative reproductive strategies. C1 [Lemons, P. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Marshall, T. C.] Field Genet Ltd, London W7 1EL, England. [McCloskey, S. E.; Schmutz, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sethi, S. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Sedinger, J. S.] Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM patrick_lemons@fws.gov FU National Science Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406]; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; Ducks Unlimited; Black Brant Group; Sigma Xi; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment at the University of California Davis FX The research was supported by the National Science Foundation (OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406), Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, Ducks Unlimited, The Black Brant Group, Sigma Xi, and The Dennis G. Raveling Endowment at the University of California Davis. We thank John Pearce and three anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous draft. Logistical support provided by the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. T. Barnett, E. Beers, E. Carr, R. Clancy, G. Curtis, K. Degroot, Y. Kawaguchi, P. Lemons, A. Nicolai, J. Phillipsborn, C. Pylant, B. Sedinger, C. Stava, L. Valadez, C. VanStratt, L. Walberg and K. Wolfe all assisted in the field. Molecular work was conducted through the Conservation Genetics Center and the Nevada Genomics Center at the University of Nevada, Reno. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Nevada Reno. Most recent protocol number 00056. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12287 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AX1HT UT WOS:000346699100011 PM 24989354 ER PT J AU Jane, SF Wilcox, TM McKelvey, KS Young, MK Schwartz, MK Lowe, WH Letcher, BH Whiteley, AR AF Jane, Stephen F. Wilcox, Taylor M. McKelvey, Kevin S. Young, Michael K. Schwartz, Michael K. Lowe, Winsor H. Letcher, Benjamin H. Whiteley, Andrew R. TI Distance, flow and PCR inhibition: eDNA dynamics in two headwater streams SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE eDNA; environmental DNA; fish; lotic; qPCR; stream ID REAL-TIME PCR; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; DIAGNOSTIC PCR; WATER SAMPLES; BROOK TROUT; ORGANIC-MATTER; IDAHO STREAMS; TRANSPORT; AMPLIFICATION AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection has emerged as a powerful tool for monitoring aquatic organisms, but much remains unknown about the dynamics of aquatic eDNA over a range of environmental conditions. DNA concentrations in streams and rivers will depend not only on the equilibrium between DNA entering the water and DNA leaving the system through degradation, but also on downstream transport. To improve understanding of the dynamics of eDNA concentration in lotic systems, we introduced caged trout into two fishless headwater streams and took eDNA samples at evenly spaced downstream intervals. This was repeated 18 times from mid-summer through autumn, over flows ranging from approximately 1-96L/s. We used quantitative PCR to relate DNA copy number to distance from source. We found that regardless of flow, there were detectable levels of DNA at 239.5m. The main effect of flow on eDNA counts was in opposite directions in the two streams. At the lowest flows, eDNA counts were highest close to the source and quickly trailed off over distance. At the highest flows, DNA counts were relatively low both near and far from the source. Biomass was positively related to eDNA copy number in both streams. A combination of cell settling, turbulence and dilution effects is probably responsible for our observations. Additionally, during high leaf deposition periods, the presence of inhibitors resulted in no amplification for high copy number samples in the absence of an inhibition-releasing strategy, demonstrating the necessity to carefully consider inhibition in eDNA analysis. C1 [Jane, Stephen F.; Whiteley, Andrew R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wilcox, Taylor M.; Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [McKelvey, Kevin S.; Young, Michael K.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Jane, SF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM coachman7777@yahoo.com RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU NSF [DGE-1313190]; Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service [11-JV-11221635-081]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst [MAS #14] FX We thank Todd Dubreuil for constructing the cage used in this study. Thanks to Keith Nislow and Jason Coombs at the USFS Northern Research Station for providing logistical support. Thanks to Kevin McGarigal, Jack Finn, Paul Sievert and Krzysztof Sakrejda for help with statistical analysis. Thanks to all who assisted with field work, including Matt Burak, Maili Page, Matt Cembrola and Alina Arnheim. Thanks to Nicole Sanford at the Northampton, MA DPW, and Gabrielle Kurth at the Amherst, MA DPW, for allowing access to their properties. T.M.W. is supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant #DGE-1313190). This work was partially funded by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service through Joint Venture Agreement 11-JV-11221635-081. This work was also partially supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, under project number MAS #14. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 17 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 216 EP 227 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12285 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AX1HT UT WOS:000346699100020 PM 24890199 ER PT J AU Korner-Nievergelt, F Behr, O Brinkmann, R Etterson, MA Huso, MMP Dalthorp, D Korner-Nievergelt, P Roth, T Niermann, I AF Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi Behr, Oliver Brinkmann, Robert Etterson, Matthew A. Huso, Manuela M. P. Dalthorp, Dan Korner-Nievergelt, Pius Roth, Tobias Niermann, Ivo TI Mortality estimation from carcass searches using the R-package carcass - a tutorial SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND FARMS; BAT FATALITY; BIRD; MODELS; PERSISTENCE; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL; AREAS AB This article is a tutorial for the R-package carcass. It starts with a short overview of common methods used to estimate mortality based on carcass searches. Then, it guides step by step through a simple example. First, the proportion of animals that fall into the search area is estimated. Second, carcass persistence time is estimated based on experimental data. Third, searcher efficiency is estimated. Fourth, these three estimated parameters are combined to obtain the probability that an animal killed is found by an observer. Finally, this probability is used together with the observed number of carcasses found to obtain an estimate for the total number of killed animals together with a credible interval. C1 [Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius] Oikostat GmbH, CH-6218 Ettiswil, Switzerland. [Korner-Nievergelt, Fraenzi; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Sempach, Switzerland. [Behr, Oliver] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Sensor Technol, DE-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Brinkmann, Robert] FrInaT, Freiburg Inst Appl Anim Ecol, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Huso, Manuela M. P.; Dalthorp, Dan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roth, Tobias] Hintermann & Weber AG, CH-4153 Reinach, Switzerland. [Niermann, Ivo] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Environm Planning, DE-30419 Hannover, Germany. RP Korner-Nievergelt, F (reprint author), Oikostat GmbH, Ausserdorf 43, CH-6218 Ettiswil, Switzerland. EM fraenzi.korner@oikostat.ch NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.2981/wlb.00094 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AY2DK UT WOS:000347398500004 ER PT J AU Kissling, ML Lukacs, PM Gende, SM Lewis, SB AF Kissling, Michelle L. Lukacs, Paul M. Gende, Scott M. Lewis, Stephen B. TI Multi-State Mark-Recapture Model to Estimate Survival of a Dispersed-Nesting Seabird, the Kittlitz's Murrelet SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brachyramphus; demography; Kittlitz's murrelet; mark-recapture; multi-state; seabird; survival ID BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; MARBLED-MURRELET; POPULATION STATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ADULT SURVIVAL; LOCAL SURVIVAL; GLACIER BAY; BALD EAGLES; ALASKA; CLIMATE AB The Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a small, dispersed-nesting seabird that often occurs in glacially influenced marine waters of Alaska and eastern Russia during the breeding season. Owing to its association with glacial habitats and apparent population declines in some parts of its range, the Kittlitz's murrelet has been the subject of considerable conservation concern in recent years. We present the first-ever estimates of breeding season and annual survival of the Kittlitz's murrelet. We estimated survival by capturing 914 murrelets and radiotagging 191 of them in Icy Bay, Alaska, 2007-2012. We used a multi-state mark-recapture framework to estimate breeding season survival. Daily survival probabilities were similar in the 3 spatial states (Icy Bay, Gulf of Alaska, nest; range=0.996-0.999), resulting in an overall 60-day breeding season survival probability of 0.89 (SE=0.04). The only apparent source of fatality of Kittlitz's murrelets during the breeding season was avian predators, specifically bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). We estimated mean apparent annual survival across all years as 0.80 (SE=0.33) with a recapture probability of 0.079 (SE=0.032), resulting in a 305-day non-breeding season survival probability of 0.90 (SE=0.37). We found that survival was lower than expected based on life-history theory and allometry, and that fatality risk was greater in the breeding season compared to other parts of the year. Our results indicating low survival rates of Kittlitz's murrelets are consistent with the observed decline of 10% per annum in the local population of this species in Icy Bay. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Kissling, Michelle L.; Lewis, Stephen B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gende, Scott M.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kissling, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3000 Vintage Blvd,Suite 201, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM michelle_kissling@fws.gov FU National Park Service; USFWS FX We thank over 100 volunteers and colleagues that provided advice, lent equipment, or assisted with capturing, tracking, and surveying murrelets in Icy Bay. We especially are grateful to N. Hatch, L. Kenney, J. Felis, S. Schoen, and N. Hajdukovich for their hard work in the field often under trying conditions. We also thank Icy Bay Lodge, Alsek Air, Temsco Helicopters, and Coastal Helicopters, and several individuals and businesses in Yakutat for many years of support. We particularly acknowledge Les Hartley for safely flying over 800 hr of telemetry. We thank Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Chugach Native Corporation, and Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority for permitting access to their lands. We thank Dr. D. Koons, Dr. M. Morrison (Associate Editor), and one anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript greatly. Funding for this study was provided primarily by the National Park Service and USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1002/jwmg.811 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AW9YT UT WOS:000346611800004 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Coble, AA Yee, JL Mack, JS Perry, WM Anderson, KM Brown, MB AF Berry, Kristin H. Coble, Ashley A. Yee, Julie L. Mack, Jeremy S. Perry, William M. Anderson, Kemp M. Brown, Mary B. TI Distance to Human Populations Influences Epidemiology of Respiratory Disease in Desert Tortoises SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agassiz's desert tortoise; epidemiology; Gopherus agassizii; human census blocks; Mycoplasma agassizii; M; testudineum; Mojave Desert; period prevalence ID FREE-RANGING DESERT; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TESTUDINID HERPESVIRUS 2; MINING REGIONS EXAMPLES; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; TRACT DISEASE; MOJAVE DESERT; MYCOPLASMA-AGASSIZII; BIOCHEMICAL VALUES; SURFACE ENRICHMENT AB We explored variables likely to affect health of Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in a 1,183-km(2) study area in the central Mojave Desert of California between 2005 and 2008. We evaluated 1,004 tortoises for prevalence and spatial distribution of 2 pathogens, Mycoplasma agassizii and M. testudineum, that cause upper respiratory tract disease. We defined tortoises as test-positive if they were positive by culture and/or DNA identification or positive or suspect for specific antibody for either of the two pathogens. We used covariates of habitat (vegetation, elevation, slope, and aspect), tortoise size and sex, distance from another test-positive tortoise, and anthropogenic variables (distances to roads, agricultural areas, playas, urban areas, and centroids of human-populated census blocks). We used both logistic regression models and regression trees to evaluate the 2 species of Mycoplasma separately. The prevalence of test-positive tortoises was low: 1.49% (15/1,004) for M. agassizii and 2.89% (29/1,004) for M. testudineum. The spatial distributions of test-positive tortoises for the 2 Mycoplasma species showed little overlap; only 2 tortoises were test-positive for both diseases. However, the spatial distributions did not differ statistically between the 2 species. We consistently found higher prevalence of test-positive tortoises with shorter distances to centroids of human-populated census blocks. The relationship between distance to human-populated census blocks and tortoises that are test-positive for M. agassizii and potentially M. testudineum may be related to release or escape of captive tortoises because the prevalence of M. agassizii in captive tortoises is high. Our findings have application to other species of chelonians where both domestic captive and wild populations exist. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Coble, Ashley A.; Mack, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Yee, Julie L.; Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Brown, Mary B.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 122 EP 136 DI 10.1002/jwmg.816 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AW9YT UT WOS:000346611800014 ER PT J AU Rossman, S McCabe, EB Barros, NB Gandhi, H Ostrom, PH Stricker, CA Wells, RS AF Rossman, Sam McCabe, Elizabeth Berens Barros, Nelio B. Gandhi, Hasand Ostrom, Peggy H. Stricker, Craig A. Wells, Randall S. TI Foraging habits in a generalist predator: Sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; stable isotopes; foraging ecology; habitat use; diet; individual specialization; generalist; Sarasota Bay ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; SARASOTA BAY; FLORIDA; ECOLOGY; MODELS; FISH; PREY; SPECIALIZATION; COMMUNITIES; BEHAVIOR AB This study examines resource use (diet, habitat use, and trophic level) within and among demographic groups (males, females, and juveniles) of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We analyzed the C-13 and N-15 values of 15 prey species constituting 84% of the species found in stomach contents. We used these data to establish a trophic enrichment factor (TEF) to inform dietary analysis using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. We document a TEF of 0 parts per thousand and 2.0 parts per thousand for C-13 and N-15, respectively. The dietary results showed that all demographic groups relied heavily on low trophic level seagrass-associated prey. Bayesian standard ellipse areas (SEA(b)) were calculated to assess diversity in resource use. The SEA(b) of females was nearly four times larger than that of males indicating varied resource use, likely a consequence of small home ranges and habitat specialization. Juveniles possessed an intermediate SEA(b), generally feeding at a lower trophic level compared to females, potentially an effect of natal philopatry and immature foraging skills. The small SEA(b) of males reflects a high degree of specialization on seagrass associated prey. Patterns in resource use by the demographic groups are likely linked to differences in the relative importance of social and ecological factors. C1 [Rossman, Sam; Gandhi, Hasand; Ostrom, Peggy H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCabe, Elizabeth Berens; Barros, Nelio B.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rossman, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rossmans@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [0802267]; Marine Mammal Commission [E4047334] FX We thank the many Mote Marine Laboratory and Chicago Zoological Society staff members, interns, and volunteers who made this work possible by providing logistical support and assistance in the field. We especially thank the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program's (SDRP) fish survey team, including Damon Gannon, Sunnie Brenneman, Sandy Camilleri, Katie Brueggen, along with Larry Fulford who provided much needed help for collection of samples from fish, and Mote Marine Laboratory's Stranding Investigations Program staff for samples from dolphin carcasses. The collection of samples during dolphin health assessments was greatly facilitated by SDRP staff, students, and collaborators, and especially Blair Irvine, Michael Scott, Brian Balmer, Jason Allen, Katie McHugh, and Aaron Barleycorn. We would like to thank undergraduate research assistants who aided in sample preparation and analysis Ramona Beckman and Sam DeCamp (Michigan State University). Samples from live dolphins were collected under a series of National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permits since 1984 and Mote Marine Laboratory IACUC approvals. Prey fish samples were authorized by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (Special Activity License nos. 04SR-809 and 11-0809-SR) and Mote Marine Laboratory IACUC approvals. Sample collection from Sarasota Bay resident dolphins was supported by Dolphin Quest, Earthwatch Institute, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Morris Animal Foundation's Betty White Wildlife Rapid Response Fund, National Marine Fisheries Service, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the International Whaling Commission. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (0802267) as well as Marine Mammal Commission Contract #E4047334. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zoological Society or Michigan State University. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1111/mms.12143 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AX2JK UT WOS:000346769200009 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Miles, AK Kolden, CA Saarinen, JA Bodkin, JL Murray, MJ Tinker, MT AF Bowen, Lizabeth Miles, A. Keith Kolden, Crystal A. Saarinen, Justin A. Bodkin, James L. Murray, Michael J. Tinker, M. Tim TI Effects of wildfire on sea otter (Enhydra lutris) gene transcript profiles SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eco-immunology; sea otter; Enhydra lutris; wildfire; hydrocarbon ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BELUGA WHALES; EXPRESSION; HEALTH; BLOOD; STRESS AB Wildfires have been shown to impact terrestrial species over a range of temporal scales. Little is known, however, about the more subtle toxicological effects of wildfires, particularly in downstream marine or downwind locations from the wildfire perimeter. These down-current effects may be just as substantial as those effects within the perimeter. We used gene transcription technology, a sensitive indicator of immunological perturbation, to study the effects of the 2008 Basin Complex Fire on the California coast on a sentinel marine species, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). We captured sea otters in 2008 (3 mo after the Basin Complex Fire was controlled) and 2009 (15 mo after the Basin Complex Fire was controlled) in the adjacent nearshore environment near Big Sur, California. Gene responses were distinctly different between Big Sur temporal groups, signifying detoxification of PAHs, possible associated response to potential malignant transformation, and suppression of immune function as the primary responses of sea otters to fire in 2008 compared to those captured in 2009. In general, gene transcription patterns in the 2008 sea otters were indicative of molecular reactions to organic exposure, malignant transformation, and decreased ability to respond to pathogens that seemed to consistent with short-term hydrocarbon exposure. C1 [Bowen, Lizabeth; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, USGS, WERC, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kolden, Crystal A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Saarinen, Justin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Bodkin, James L.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Murray, Michael J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USGS, WERC, Santa Cruz Field Stn,Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Bio, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USGS, WERC, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lbowen@ucdavis.edu NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1111/mms.12151 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AX2JK UT WOS:000346769200011 ER PT J AU Taylor, RL Udevitz, MS AF Taylor, Rebecca L. Udevitz, Mark S. TI Demography of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): 1974-2006 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pacific Walrus; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Bayesian; hidden process model; integrated population model; survival; reproduction; population growth rate; demography; density dependence ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEA-ICE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; AGE-STRUCTURE; POLICIES; MAMMALS; ALASKA; MODEL AB Global climate change may fundamentally alter population dynamics of many species for which baseline population parameter estimates are imprecise or lacking. Historically, the Pacific walrus is thought to have been limited by harvest, but it may become limited by global warming-induced reductions in sea ice. Loss of sea ice, on which walruses rest between foraging bouts, may reduce access to food, thus lowering vital rates. Rigorous walrus survival rate estimates do not exist, and other population parameter estimates are out of date or have well-documented bias and imprecision. To provide useful population parameter estimates we developed a Bayesian, hidden process demographic model of walrus population dynamics from 1974 through 2006 that combined annual age-specific harvest estimates with five population size estimates, six standing age structure estimates, and two reproductive rate estimates. Median density independent natural survival was high for juveniles (0.97) and adults (0.99), and annual density dependent vital rates rose from 0.06 to 0.11 for reproduction, 0.31 to 0.59 for survival of neonatal calves, and 0.39 to 0.85 for survival of older calves, concomitant with a population decline. This integrated population model provides a baseline for estimating changing population dynamics resulting from changing harvests or sea ice. C1 [Taylor, Rebecca L.; Udevitz, Mark S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Taylor, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rebeccataylor@usgs.gov OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 231 EP 254 DI 10.1111/mms.12156 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AX2JK UT WOS:000346769200013 ER PT J AU Backlin, AR Hitchcock, CJ Gallegos, EA Yee, JL Fisher, RN AF Backlin, Adam R. Hitchcock, Cynthia J. Gallegos, Elizabeth A. Yee, Julie L. Fisher, Robert N. TI The precarious persistence of the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Abundance estimates; amphibian decline; California; conservation; detection probability; Rana muscosa; Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog ID POPULATION DECLINES; DISEASE; DYNAMICS AB We conducted surveys for the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa throughout southern California to evaluate the current distribution and status of the species. Surveys were conducted during 2000-2009 at 150 unique streams and lakes within the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Palomar mountains of southern California. Only nine small, geographically isolated populations were detected across the four mountain ranges, and all tested positive for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Our data show that when R. muscosa is known to be present it is easily detectable (89%) in a single visit during the frog's active season. We estimate that only 166 adult frogs remained in the wild in 2009. Our research indicates that R. muscosa populations in southern California are threatened by natural and stochastic events and may become extirpated in the near future unless there is some intervention to save them. C1 [Backlin, Adam R.; Hitchcock, Cynthia J.; Gallegos, Elizabeth A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Backlin, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM abacklin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; California Department of Transportation; USDA Forest Service FX We are grateful to Jesse Bennett, Betsy Bolster, Randi Logsdon, Kathie Meyer and Susan North for their advice on recovering R. muscosa and their help in the field, and for providing permits. Thanks to Vance Vredenburg and Allen Pessier for their expert advice and for analysing swabs for amphibian chytrid fungus. We thank Kent Beaman for providing historical information not found in the literature or museum records, and Cheryl Brehme for assistance with statistical analysis. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Department of Transportation, and USDA Forest Service. This is contribution 421 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2015 VL 49 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1017/S003060531300029X PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX2JR UT WOS:000346770000028 ER PT J AU Marra, KR Madden, MEE Soreghan, GS Hall, BL AF Marra, Kristen R. Madden, Megan E. Elwood Soreghan, Gerilyn S. Hall, Brenda L. TI BET surface area distributions in polar stream sediments: Implications for silicate weathering in a cold-arid environment SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; TAYLOR VALLEY; DISSOLUTION RATES; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; QUARTZ DISSOLUTION; MELTWATER STREAM; FLUVIAL SYSTEMS; AEOLIAN FLUX; ANTARCTICA AB BET surface area values are critical for quantifying the amount of potentially reactive sediments available for chemical weathering and ultimately, prediction of silicate weathering fluxes. BET surface area values of fine-grained (< 62.5 mu m) sediment from the hyporheic zone of polar glacial streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (Wright and Taylor Valleys) exhibit a wide range (2.5-70.6 m(2)/g) of surface area values. Samples from one (Delta Stream, Taylor Valley) of the four sampled stream transects exhibit high values (up to 70.6 m(2)/g), which greatly exceed surface area values from three temperate proglacial streams (0.3-12.1 m(2)/g). Only Clark stream in Wright Valley exhibits a robust trend with distance, wherein surface area systematically decreases (and particle size increases) in the mud fraction downstream, interpreted to reflect rapid dissolution processes in the weathering environment. The remaining transects exhibit a range in variability in surface area distributions along the length of the channel, likely related to variations in eolian input to exposed channel beds, adjacent snow drifts, and to glacier surfaces, where dust is trapped and subsequently liberated during summer melting. Additionally, variations in stream discharge rate, which mobilizes sediment in pulses and influences water: rock ratios, the origin and nature of the underlying drift material, and the contribution of organic acids may play significant roles in the production and mobilization of high-surface area sediment. This study highlights the presence of sediments with high surface area in cold-based glacier systems, which influences models of chemical denudation rates and the impact of glacial systems on the global carbon cycle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marra, Kristen R.; Madden, Megan E. Elwood; Soreghan, Gerilyn S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Marra, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kmarra@usgs.gov FU NSF [ANT-0842639, EAR-12252162] FX Financial support for this work is from NSF # ANT-0842639 and # EAR-12252162. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank A. Stumpf for Antarctic field assistance, and M. Irwinsky, J. DiGiulio, V. Priegnitz, J. Westrop, J. Miller, and Y. Joo (University of Oklahoma) for assistance with sample processing and BET analyses. In addition, the authors would like to thank S. Braddock (University of Maine) for collecting additional samples from Delta Stream (Taylor Valley, Antarctica) during the 2012-2013 field season. Detailed reviews by M. Kersten, J. Levy, S. Fortner, C. Schenk, D. Ferderer, K. Lucey, and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 52 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.11.005 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX3PG UT WOS:000346850700004 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Jastram, JD AF Rice, Karen C. Jastram, John D. TI Rising air and stream-water temperatures in Chesapeake Bay region, USA SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER TEMPERATURE; ESTUARY; COASTAL; SENSITIVITY; IMPACTS; FISHES; FLOW AB Monthly mean air temperature (AT) at 85 sites and instantaneous stream-water temperature (WT) at 129 sites for 1960-2010 are examined for the mid-Atlantic region, USA. Temperature anomalies for two periods, 1961-1985 and 1985-2010, relative to the climate normal period of 1971-2000, indicate that the latter period was statistically significantly warmer than the former for both mean AT and WT. Statistically significant temporal trends across the region of 0.023 A degrees C per year for AT and 0.028 A degrees C per year for WT are detected using simple linear regression. Sensitivity analyses show that the irregularly sampled WT data are appropriate for trend analyses, resulting in conservative estimates of trend magnitude. Relations between 190 landscape factors and significant trends in AT-WT relations are examined using principal components analysis. Measures of major dams and deciduous forest are correlated with WT increasing slower than AT, whereas agriculture in the absence of major dams is correlated with WT increasing faster than AT. Increasing WT trends are detected despite increasing trends in streamflow in the northern part of the study area. Continued warming of contributing streams to Chesapeake Bay likely will result in shifts in distributions of aquatic biota and contribute to worsened eutrophic conditions in the bay and its estuaries. C1 [Rice, Karen C.] US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Jastram, John D.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kcrice@usgs.gov OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443; Jastram, John/0000-0002-9416-3358 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2015 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s10584-014-1295-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW4FO UT WOS:000346236800009 ER PT J AU Prober, SM Leff, JW Bates, ST Borer, ET Firn, J Harpole, WS Lind, EM Seabloom, EW Adler, PB Bakker, JD Cleland, EE DeCrappeo, NM DeLorenze, E Hagenah, N Hautier, Y Hofmockel, KS Kirkman, KP Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ MacDougall, AS McCulley, RL Mitchell, CE Risch, AC Schuetz, M Stevens, CJ Williams, RJ Fierer, N AF Prober, Suzanne M. Leff, Jonathan W. Bates, Scott T. Borer, Elizabeth T. Firn, Jennifer Harpole, W. Stanley Lind, Eric M. Seabloom, Eric W. Adler, Peter B. Bakker, Jonathan D. Cleland, Elsa E. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. DeLorenze, Elizabeth Hagenah, Nicole Hautier, Yann Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Kirkman, Kevin P. Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. MacDougall, Andrew S. McCulley, Rebecca L. Mitchell, Charles E. Risch, Anita C. Schuetz, Martin Stevens, Carly J. Williams, Ryan J. Fierer, Noah TI Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aboveground-belowground interactions; archaea; bacteria; fungi; grasslands; microbial biogeography; soil biodiversity ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL DIVERSITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; MICROORGANISMS; PRODUCTIVITY; ORGANISMS; SEQUENCES AB Aboveground-belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1m(2) plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity. C1 [Prober, Suzanne M.] CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Leff, Jonathan W.; Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Leff, Jonathan W.; Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bates, Scott T.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Borer, Elizabeth T.; Lind, Eric M.; Seabloom, Eric W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Harpole, W. Stanley; Hofmockel, Kirsten S.; Williams, Ryan J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Harpole, W. Stanley] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Harpole, W. Stanley] UFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Physiol Divers, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Harpole, W. Stanley] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06108 Halle, Germany. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; DeLorenze, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3201 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Hautier, Yann] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [La Pierre, Kimberly J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [MacDougall, Andrew S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1H 2X8, Canada. [McCulley, Rebecca L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Risch, Anita C.; Schuetz, Martin] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Fierer, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM noah.fierer@colorado.edu RI Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; MacDougall, Andrew/F-2037-2011; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010 OI Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547; Lind, Eric/0000-0003-3051-7724; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0953331]; National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network [NSF-DEB-1042132]; Long Term Ecological Research [NSF-DEB-1234162]; University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment [DG-0001-13] FX Microbial analyses were supported by a National Science Foundation grant (DEB 0953331) to N. Fierer; other data were generated through the Nutrient Network (http://www.nutnet.org) experiment. Coordination and data management were supported by funding to E. Borer and E. Seabloom from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF-DEB-1042132), Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-DEB-1234162 to Cedar Creek LTER) programs and the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment (DG-0001-13), and data were hosted by the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute. Site level support included contributions from Cedar Creek LTER; the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Hall's Prairie, Spindletop); Konza LTER (Konza); Richard Rhodes (Lancaster); Denise and Malcolm French, Georg Wiehl and the Great Western Woodlands Supersite, part of Australia's Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (Mt Caroline); Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies (Saline Experimental Range); and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (Sheep Experimental Station). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data analysis and manuscript preparation were supported by a CSIRO Julius Award to S. Prober. NR 49 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 26 U2 248 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1111/ele.12381 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW7SJ UT WOS:000346464400009 PM 25430889 ER PT J AU Buelow, J Moffitt, CM AF Buelow, Jessica Moffitt, Christine M. TI Physiological indices of seawater readiness in postspawning steelhead kelts SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE steelhead trout; physiology; smolt; kelt; iteroparity ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SURFACE FLOW BYPASS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; HATCHERY-ORIGIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AB Management goals to improve the recovery of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocks at risk of extinction include increasing the proportion of postspawning fish that survive and spawn again. To be successful, postspawning steelhead (kelts) migrating downstream to the ocean must prepare physiologically and physically for a seawater transition. We sampled blood, gill filaments, and evaluated the external condition of migrating kelts from an ESA-listed population in the Snake/Columbia River system over two consecutive years to evaluate their physiological readiness for transition to seawater. We chose attributes often considered as measures of preparation for seawater in juveniles, including gill Na+,K+ ATPase activity, plasma electrolytes and hormones to consider factors related to external condition, size and sex. We found kelts in good external condition had plasma profiles similar to downstream-migrating smolts. In addition, we found more than 80% of kelts ranked in good external condition had smolt-like body silvering. We compared measures from migrating kelts with samples obtained from hatchery fish at the time of spawning to confirm that Na+, K+ ATPase activity in kelts was significantly elevated over spawning fish. We found significant differences in gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity in migrating kelts between the years of sampling, but little indication of influence of fish condition. We conclude that the postspawning steelhead sampled exhibited a suite of behaviours, condition and physiology characteristic of fish prepared for successful transition to a seawater environment. C1 [Buelow, Jessica] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords Agreement with the Bonneville Power Administration [2007-401-00] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords Agreement with the Bonneville Power Administration, under project 2007-401-00, Doug Hatch, project manager. We thank C. Williams and D. Scarnecchia for assistance with design and interpretation of results. The following U of Idaho staff and students assisted with sampling: Z. Penney, A. Pape, K. Hamilton, B. Sun, T., and B. Jones. We are grateful for assistance from staff at Dworshak National Hatchery, Lower Granite Dam and R. Ewing at Biotech Research, Corvallis, Oregon who provided NKA analyses. We thank D. Holecek and two anonymous reviewers for their improvements to this manuscript. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1111/eff.12130 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AW5YP UT WOS:000346347100011 ER PT J AU Meredith, CS Budy, P Thiede, GP AF Meredith, Christy S. Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. TI Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan, UT, USA) SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE brown trout; sculpin; predation; piscivory; bioenergetics ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-UTAH; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; SALMO-TRUTTA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; INVASION BIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; FISH; SIZE; POPULATION; PISCIVORY AB We explored potential negative effects of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) on native sculpin (Cottus sp.) on the Logan River, Utah, USA by (i) examining factors most strongly correlated with sculpin abundance (e.g., abiotic conditions or piscivory?), (ii) contrasting the extent of brown trout predation on sculpin with that by native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and (iii) estimating the number of sculpin consumed by brown trout along an elevational gradient using bioenergetics. Abundance of sculpin across reaches showed a strong (r0.40) and significant (P<0.05) correlation with physical variables describing width (positive) and gradient (negative), but not with abundance of piscivorous brown trout or cutthroat trout. In mainstem reaches containing sculpin, we found fish in 0% of age-1, 10% of age-2 and 33% of age-3 and older brown trout diets. Approximately 81% of fish consumed by brown trout were sculpin. Despite a similar length-gape relationship for native cutthroat trout, we found only two fish (one sculpin and one unknown) in the diets of native cutthroat trout similar in size to age-3 brown trout. Based on bioenergetics, we estimate that an average large (>260mm) brown trout consumes as many as 34 sculpin per year. Nevertheless, results suggest that sculpin abundance in this system is controlled by abiotic factors and not brown trout predation. Additional research is needed to better understand how piscivory influences brown trout invasion success, including in-stream experiments exploring trophic dynamics and interactions between brown trout and native prey under different environmental conditions. C1 [Meredith, Christy S.; Budy, Phaedra; Thiede, Gary P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Meredith, Christy S.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Meredith, CS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM csmeredith@fs.fed.us FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (Sport Fisheries Research) [F-47-R]; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Forest Service; Utah State University Ecology Center; Utah State University School of Graduate Studies; Utah State University IACUC Protocol [1082] FX The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (Sport Fisheries Research, Grant number F-47-R), the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind), the U.S. Forest Service, the Utah State University Ecology Center, and the Utah State University School of Graduate Studies provided funding and materials towards this study. We would like to thank Brett Roper, Chris Luecke and Jack Schmidt, who provided review that greatly improved previous drafts of this manuscript. We would also like to thank previous graduate students and technicians who helped in the collection and processing of diet data, including Ernesto de la Hoz, Peter McHugh, Eriek Hansen and Jeremiah Wood. We performed this research under the auspices of Utah State University IACUC Protocol 1082. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1111/eff.12134 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AW5YP UT WOS:000346347100013 ER PT J AU Gonzales, DA Arakawa, F Koenig, A AF Gonzales, David A. Arakawa, Fumi Koenig, Alan TI Petrographic and Geochemical Constraints on the Provenance of Sanidine-Bearing Temper in Ceramic Potsherds, Four Corners Region, Southwest USA SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LA-ICP-MS; MESA VERDE REGION; 193 NM; LASER; COLORADO; ARIZONA; POTTERY; AGE; WARFARE; GSE-1G AB Previous researchers proposed that trachybasalt temper with poikilitic sanidine, found in pottery from the Mesa Verde region of the American Southwest, was procured along the eastern Chuska Mountains. This served as one line of evidence that Chaco Canyon was a regional trade center linked to the Chuska Mountains in the ninth to thirteenth centuries. Recent geologic studies, however, revealed other potential sources for the trachybasalt temper. A comparison of petrographic features and geochemical signatures of poikilitic sanidine in rock samples and potsherds shows no definitive correlation of temper materials and a specific geologic source. Several outcrops of trachybasalt are identified as less viable prospects, but the results do not support the idea that the sanidine-rich temper was exclusively gathered in the Chuska Mountains. This conclusion opens up the possibility that raw materials were gathered from local sources that were more accessible, reducing the dependence on a regional trade center. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Gonzales, David A.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Geosci, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Arakawa, Fumi] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Arakawa, Fumi] Crow Canyon Archaeol Ctr, Cortez, CO USA. [Koenig, Alan] US Geol Survey, Cent Minerals & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gonzales, DA (reprint author), Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Geosci, Durango, CO 81301 USA. EM gonzales_d@fortlewis.edu FU Fort Lewis College Faculty Development Grant; Discovery Pool Grant by the Canyonlands Natural Historical Association FX The authors sincerely thank Mesa Verde National Park, the Navajo Nation, and the Ute Mountain Ute Tribal Park for permission to collect rock samples. We also thank Shirley Powell, Kari Schleher, Jamie Merewether, Robin Lyle, and Jane Dillard at Crow Canyon Archaeological Center for their support. We are grateful to Nancy McMillan at New Mexico State University for her assistance with the PCA analyses, and Nelia Dunbar and Lynn Heizler (New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology) for their support assistance with the electron microprobe analyses. Funding for this project was provided by a Fort Lewis College Faculty Development Grant and the Discovery Pool Grant by the Canyonlands Natural Historical Association. Finally, we want to recognize the insightful critiques of two anonymous reviewers that greatly improved the paper. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0883-6353 EI 1520-6548 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 30 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1002/gea.21496 PG 15 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA AW7UB UT WOS:000346468600004 ER PT J AU Bentzen, RL Powell, AN AF Bentzen, Rebecca L. Powell, Abby N. TI Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders Somateria spectabilis and their attendant females SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE juvenile; migration; satellite telemetry; sea duck; subadult; successful breeders; wing moult ID PACIFIC COMMON EIDERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; MOLTING LOCATIONS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; NORTHERN ALASKA; GIANT PETRELS; BERING-SEA AB Post-fledging dispersal and site fidelity are poorly understood, particularly for sea ducks that spend the majority of their annual cycle at sea. This is the first description of movements and their timing for first-year (juvenile) and second-year (subadult) King Eiders Somateria spectabilis in relation to their attendant females. We fitted satellite transmitters that operated for 2years to 63 hatch-year birds and 17 attendant females at breeding areas in northern Alaska in 2006-2009. Our goals were to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of pre-breeding individuals and adult females that had been successful breeders. We also examined fidelity to wing moulting and wintering areas as well as natal philopatry. Juveniles did not appear to follow attendant adults, although they did winter in the same three general wintering areas, suggesting that genetic inheritance and social factors may have roles in the initial migration from the breeding area. Additionally, juveniles were more variable in the timing and duration of migration, moved longer distances during the winter, and were less faithful to moulting and wintering areas than adults, indicating that individual exploration and acquired navigational memory played a role in subsequent migrations. Most (75%) subadult females returned to natal areas, probably prospecting for future nesting sites, whereas subadult males were widely dispersed at sea. Timing and duration of moult migration and wing moult of adult females that were presumed to be successful breeders differed from those of unsuccessful breeders due to the extended time that the former spent on the breeding grounds. Temporal and spatial segregation of post-fledging King Eiders from adults has direct management implications in terms of resource development and population dynamics. C1 [Bentzen, Rebecca L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Bentzen, RL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM rlmcguire@alaska.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU US Geological Survey OCS Program; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement; Coastal Marine Institute; Bureau of Land Management; ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc.; US Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management and Grants Office; North Slope Borough Search and Rescue; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Impact Mitigation Program from the State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development FX This study would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of the US Geological Survey OCS Program, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, Coastal Marine Institute, Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., US Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management and Grants Office, and the North Slope Borough Search and Rescue. The North Slope Borough provided funding through the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Impact Mitigation Program from the State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development. We thank S. Oppel for much of the initial work on this project. Comments by John Pearce, Jean-Pierre Savard, Richard Phillips, Ruedi Nager and two anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved the previous version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2015 VL 157 IS 1 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1111/ibi.12217 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AW5YU UT WOS:000346347700012 ER PT J AU Lu, N Alsherif, N Wayllace, A Godt, JW AF Lu, N. Alsherif, N. Wayllace, A. Godt, J. W. TI Closing the Loop of the Soil Water Retention Curve SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lu, N.; Alsherif, N.; Wayllace, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Godt, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ninglu@mines.edu; Nahed.Alsherif@colorado.edu; awayllac@mines.edu; jgodt@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 EI 1943-5606 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 1 AR 02814001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001225 PG 1 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA AW6CK UT WOS:000346356900001 ER PT J AU Wood, NJ Peters, J AF Wood, Nathan J. Peters, Jeff TI Variations in population vulnerability to tectonic and landslide-related tsunami hazards in Alaska SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Earthquake; Landslide; Alaska; Vulnerability ID COMMUNITY VARIATIONS; EXPOSURE; SCALE AB Effective tsunami risk reduction requires an understanding of how at-risk populations are specifically vulnerable to tsunami threats. Vulnerability assessments primarily have been based on single hazard zones, even though a coastal community may be threatened by multiple tsunami sources that vary locally in terms of inundation extents and wave arrival times. We use the Alaskan coastal communities of Cordova, Kodiak, Seward, Valdez, and Whittier (USA), as a case study to explore population vulnerability to multiple tsunami threats. We use anisotropic pedestrian evacuation models to assess variations in population exposure as a function of travel time out of hazard zones associated with tectonic and landslide-related tsunamis (based on scenarios similar to the 1964 M-w 9.2 Good Friday earthquake and tsunami disaster). Results demonstrate that there are thousands of residents, employees, and business customers in tsunami hazard zones associated with tectonically generated waves, but that at-risk individuals will likely have sufficient time to evacuate to high ground before waves are estimated to arrive 30-60 min after generation. Tsunami hazard zones associated with submarine landslides initiated by a subduction zone earthquake are smaller and contain fewer people, but many at-risk individuals may not have enough time to evacuate as waves are estimated to arrive in 1-2 min and evacuations may need to occur during earthquake ground shaking. For all hazard zones, employees and customers at businesses far outnumber residents at their homes and evacuation travel times are highest on docks and along waterfronts. Results suggest that population vulnerability studies related to tsunami hazards should recognize non-residential populations and differences in wave arrival times if emergency managers are to develop realistic preparedness and outreach efforts. C1 [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Peters, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wood, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; jpeters@usgs.gov OI Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program. We thank Dmitry Nicolsky, Elena Suleimani, and Amy Macpherson of the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks for providing geospatial, tsunami hazard data of the five communities and for their guidance in interpreting hazard zones. We thank Mara Tongue of the USGS, Dmitry Nicolsky, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 1811 EP 1831 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1399-6 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AW6WW UT WOS:000346407100039 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Chapelle, FH Strom, EW Benner, R AF Shen, Yuan Chapelle, Francis H. Strom, Eric W. Benner, Ronald TI Origins and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in groundwater SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Dissolved organic matter; Amino acids; Lignin phenols; CDOM; Bioavailability; Regional chromatography model ID MAJOR BACTERIAL CONTRIBUTION; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; AMAZON RIVER; AMINO-ACIDS; MICROBIAL AVAILABILITY; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CARBON; WATER; NITROGEN AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater influences water quality and fuels microbial metabolism, but its origins, bioavailability and chemical composition are poorly understood. The origins and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bioavailable DOM were monitored during a long-term (2-year) study of groundwater in a fractured-rock aquifer in the Carolina slate belt. Surface precipitation was significantly correlated with groundwater concentrations of DOC, bioavailable DOM and chromophoric DOM, indicating strong hydrological connections between surface and ground waters. The physicochemical and biological processes shaping the concentrations and compositions of DOM during its passage through the soil column to the saturated zone are conceptualized in the regional chromatography model. The model provides a framework for linking hydrology with the processes affecting the transformation, remineralization and microbial production of DOM during passage through the soil column. Lignin-derived phenols were relatively depleted in groundwater DOM indicating substantial removal in the unsaturated zone, and optical properties of chromophoric DOM indicated lower molecular weight DOM in groundwater relative to surface water. The prevalence of glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and d-enantiomers of amino acids indicated the DOM was highly diagenetically altered. Bioassay experiments were used to establish DOC-normalized yields of amino acids as molecular indicators of DOM bioavailability in groundwater. A relatively small fraction (8 +/- A 4 %) of DOC in groundwater was bioavailable. The relatively high yields of specific d-enantiomers of amino acids indicated a substantial fraction (15-34 %) of groundwater DOC was of bacterial origin. C1 [Shen, Yuan; Benner, Ronald] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Chapelle, Francis H.; Strom, Eric W.] US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Benner, Ronald] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM shen2@email.sc.edu RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015; OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777; Shen, Yuan/0000-0001-6618-4226 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Cedric Fichot for the measurements of lignin phenols and Jessica Asirwatham for assistance with the bioassay experiments. We thank the reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and Toxic Substances Hydrology programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 16 U2 97 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2015 VL 122 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-0029-4 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW3CS UT WOS:000346163800005 ER PT J AU Bucklin, DN Basille, M Benscoter, AM Brandt, LA Mazzotti, FJ Romanach, SS Speroterra, C Watling, JI AF Bucklin, David N. Basille, Mathieu Benscoter, Allison M. Brandt, Laura A. Mazzotti, Frank J. Romanach, Stephanie S. Speroterra, Carolina Watling, James I. TI Comparing species distribution models constructed with different subsets of environmental predictors SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Bioclimate; extreme weather; Florida; human influence; land cover; species distribution modelling ID LAND-COVER DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; HABITAT QUALITY; CONSERVATION; SCALE; POPULATION; ACCURACY; EXTREMES AB AimTo assess the usefulness of combining climate predictors with additional types of environmental predictors in species distribution models for range-restricted species, using common correlative species distribution modelling approaches. LocationFlorida, USA MethodsWe used five different algorithms to create distribution models for 14 vertebrate species, using seven different predictor sets: two with bioclimate predictors only, and five combination' models using bioclimate predictors plus additional' predictors from groups representing: human influence, land cover, extreme weather or noise (spatially random data).We use a linear mixed-model approach to analyse the effects of predictor set and algorithm on model accuracy, variable importance scores and spatial predictions. ResultsRegardless of modelling algorithm, no one predictor set produced significantly more accurate models than all others, though models including human influence predictors were the only ones with significantly higher accuracy than climate-only models. Climate predictors had consistently higher variable importance scores than additional predictors in combination models, though there was variation related to predictor type and algorithm. While spatial predictions varied moderately between predictor sets, discrepancies were significantly greater between modelling algorithms than between predictor sets. Furthermore, there were no differences in the level of agreement between binary presence-absence' maps and independent species range maps related to the predictor set used. Main conclusionsOur results indicate that additional predictors have relatively minor effects on the accuracy of climate-based species distribution models and minor to moderate effects on spatial predictions. We suggest that implementing species distribution models with only climate predictors may provide an effective and efficient approach for initial assessments of environmental suitability. C1 [Bucklin, David N.; Basille, Mathieu; Benscoter, Allison M.; Mazzotti, Frank J.; Speroterra, Carolina; Watling, James I.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Bucklin, DN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM david.bucklin@gmail.com RI Basille, Mathieu/A-6133-2017; OI Basille, Mathieu/0000-0001-9366-7127; Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service (Everglades National Park) through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; National Park Service (Dry Tortugas National Park) through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; US Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science) FX We thank M. Griffin at the Florida Climate Center for providing weather station data, K. Krysko at the Florida Museum of Natural History for providing occurrence data, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Parks) through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, and the US Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science). Views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1111/ddi.12247 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW3JI UT WOS:000346182200003 ER PT J AU Newton, TJ Zigler, SJ Gray, BR AF Newton, Teresa J. Zigler, Steve J. Gray, Brian R. TI Mortality, movement and behaviour of native mussels during a planned water-level drawdown in the Upper Mississippi River SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; mortality; movement; native mussels; water level ID ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; COASTAL-PLAIN; LAKE-ERIE; UNIONIDAE; DROUGHT; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; BIVALVIA; COMMUNITIES AB Managers in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) are using reductions in the River's water levels during summer to mimic historical water regimes and rehabilitate habitats for vegetation and other species. Concerns for the unintended effects of these actions on mussel populations threatened to halt these projects. Our objective was to characterise the survival and movement of two mussel species in the UMR associated with a water level drawdown. During 2009 (no drawdown) and 2010 (0.3m summer drawdown), we glued passive integrated transponder tags to 10 Amblema plicata and 10 Lampsilis cardium at each of 11 sites. Five sites were in shallow areas expected to be minimally affected by the drawdown (reference sites), and six sites were in shallow areas expected to be directly affected by the drawdown (treatment sites). About equal numbers of sites within both the reference and treatment areas had low and high slopes. Tagged mussels were randomly allocated across sites (within years). Recovery of tagged mussels was >88% in 2009 and 2010. Mortality was similar and low (mean, c.5% in both species) among reference sites but was variable and relatively high (means, c.27% in L.cardium and c.52% in A.plicata) among treatment sites; variation in mortality among treatment sites appeared related to slope. The study found evidence of drawdown associations with net horizontal movements in A.plicata but not L.cardium. Weekly horizontal movements in both species were significantly correlated with changes in water elevation. We observed significant slope associations related to the drawdown for mortality and net horizontal movement in A.plicata. There were strong species-specific differences in the effects of the drawdown on mortality, vertical movement and horizontal movement. These results suggest that A.plicata responded to the drawdown by vertical movement into the substratum, whereas L.cardium responded by horizontal movement to deeper water. No directionality of movement was observed in either species. Collectively, these data suggest that drawdowns can influence the mortality, movement and behaviour of mussels in the UMR. However, more information on spatial and temporal distributions of mussels is needed to better understand the magnitude of these effects. Results from this study are being used by resource managers to better evaluate the effects of this management tool on native mussel assemblages. C1 [Newton, Teresa J.; Zigler, Steve J.; Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Newton, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tnewton@usgs.gov OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Upper Mississippi River Restoration, Environmental Management Program; Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Element; Nature Conservancy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Robert Kennedy, Ashley Hunt and Patty Ries for field assistance and data summarisation and JC Nelson, Doug Olsen and Enrika Hlavacek for GIS assistance. Mike Davis and Madeline Pletta provided diving support. We thank Heather Galbraith and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Upper Mississippi River Restoration, Environmental Management Program, Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Element, The Nature Conservancy and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/fwb.12461 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AW1SI UT WOS:000346069800001 ER PT J AU Levi, T Bausch, D Katz, O Rozelle, J Salamon, A AF Levi, T. Bausch, D. Katz, O. Rozelle, J. Salamon, A. TI Insights from Hazus loss estimations in Israel for Dead Sea Transform earthquakes SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Hazus; Dead Sea Transform; Loss estimation; Earthquake damage; Israel ID GROUND MOTION; 1995 NOVEMBER; SEISMIC RISK; REGION; SOFTWARE; OTTAWA; CANADA; TURKEY; PLATE; MODEL AB History shows that countries along the Dead Sea Transform, including Israel, have suffered considerable destruction from strong earthquakes, and thus, a modern approach for damage and loss estimations is essential in mitigating damage from future earthquakes. Yet to date, only preliminary damage scenarios have been developed. The present study uses the Hazus MH 2.1 (2012) software to simulate damage and loss estimation for seven earthquakes that may affect Israel. For the first time, over 2,200 different building construction schemes, including a comprehensive nationwide building inventory of over 900K buildings, were simulated in order to identify the high-risk areas and suggest potential mitigation strategies as well as a financial budget plan that would ultimately alleviate the anticipated catastrophe in Israel. The results show excellent ability of Hazus to resolve the expected levels of damage, including damages for various types of buildings, debris and economic losses. Furthermore, it shows that the most intensive damage is expected to concentrate in northern Israel, mainly in the Haifa and Bet Shean regions, as well as in areas of older building stock and adjacent to the major fault lines. Comparison between the budget required for strengthening structures and the economic loss expected after a strong earthquake shows that strengthening structures will undoubtedly reduce the disaster magnitude dramatically. The loss estimations can provide decision makers a tool for planning post-earthquake emergency actions including rescue, debris clearance, building inspection, sheltering requirements and directing the civil protection authorities in a focused and proper response during an earthquake event. Although local fragility curves have not yet been developed in Israel, the new scenarios presented here demonstrate that the benefits of realizing already now the rough scope of earthquake damage greatly outdo future gains from as yet unavailable exact assessments. C1 [Levi, T.; Katz, O.; Salamon, A.] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. [Bausch, D.; Rozelle, J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, FEMA Reg 8, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Levi, T (reprint author), Geol Survey Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. EM tsafrir@gsi.gov.il FU Inter-Governmental Steering Committee for Earthquake Preparedness in Israel FX Thorough and helpful reviews of two anonymous reviewers and the Editor V. Schenk are highly appreciated. This study was funded by the Inter-Governmental Steering Committee for Earthquake Preparedness in Israel. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2015 VL 75 IS 1 BP 365 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1325-y PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AW0HI UT WOS:000345971600017 ER PT J AU Browne, RK Kaurova, SA Uteshev, VK Shishova, NV McGinnity, D Figiel, CR Mansour, N Agnew, D Wu, M Gakhova, EN Dzyuba, B Cosson, J AF Browne, R. K. Kaurova, S. A. Uteshev, V. K. Shishova, N. V. McGinnity, D. Figiel, C. R. Mansour, N. Agnew, D. Wu, M. Gakhova, E. N. Dzyuba, B. Cosson, J. TI Sperm motility of externally fertilizing fish and amphibians SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Fish; Amphibian; Sperm motility; Sperm competition; Fertilization environment; Physiology ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PSETTA-MAXIMA SPERMATOZOA; BUFO-MARINUS SPERM; FRESH-WATER; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; EJACULATE CHARACTERISTICS; STURGEON SPERMATOZOA; SEA-BASS; PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS; ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION AB We review the phylogeny, sperm competition, morphology, physiology, and fertilization environments of the sperm of externally fertilizing fish and amphibians. Increased sperm competition in both fish and anurans generally increases sperm numbers, sperm length, and energy reserves. The difference between the internal osmolarity and iconicity of sperm cells and those of the aquatic medium control the activation, longevity, and velocity of sperm motility. Hypo-osmolarity of the aquatic medium activates the motility of freshwater fish and amphibian sperm and hyperosmolarity activates the motility of marine fish sperm. The average longevity of the motility of marine fish sperm (similar to 550 seconds) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of freshwater fish sperm (similar to 150 seconds), with the longevities of both marine and freshwater fish being significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of anuran sperm (similar to 4100 seconds). The average velocity of anuran sperm (25 mu m/s) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of marine fish (140 mu m/s) or freshwater fish (135 mu m/s) sperm. The longevity of the sperm of giant salamanders (Cryptobranchoidea) of approximately 600 seconds was greater than that of freshwater fish sperm but much lower than anuran sperm. Our research and information from the literature showed that higher osmolarities promote greater longevity in anuran sperm, and some freshwater fish sperm, and that anuran and cryptobranchid sperm maintained membrane integrity long after the cessation of motility, demonstrating a preferential sharing of energy reserves toward the maintenance of membrane integrity. The maintenance of the membrane integrity of anuran sperm in fresh water for up to 6 hours showed an extremely high osmotic tolerance relative to fish sperm. The very high longevity and osmotic tolerance of anuran sperm and high longevity of cryptobranchid sperm, relative to those of freshwater fish, may reflect the complex fertilization history of amphibian sperm in general and anurans reversion from internal to external fertilization. Our findings provide a greater understanding of the reproductive biology of externally fertilizing fish and amphibians, and a biological foundation for the further development of reproduction technologies for their sustainable management. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Browne, R. K.] Sustainabil Amer, Sarteneja, Corozal Distric, Belize. [Kaurova, S. A.; Uteshev, V. K.; Shishova, N. V.; Gakhova, E. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cell Biophys, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [McGinnity, D.] Nashville Zoo Grassmere, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Figiel, C. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Mansour, N.] Kafrelsheikh Univ, Fac Vet Med, Kafr El Shaikh, Egypt. [Agnew, D.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Wu, M.] Shaanxi Normal Univ, Life Sci Coll, Natl Engn Lab Resource Developing Endangered Chin, Xian 710062, Peoples R China. [Dzyuba, B.; Cosson, J.] Univ South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Fac Fisheries & Protect Waters, South Bohemian Res Ctr Aquaculture & Biodivers Hy, Vodnany 38925, Czech Republic. RP Browne, RK (reprint author), Sustainabil Amer, La Isla Rd, Sarteneja, Corozal Distric, Belize. EM robert.browne@gmail.com RI Dzyuba, Borys/F-8997-2015 FU MEYS of the Czech Republic under the National Programme of Sustainability I program [LO1205]; Center for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium; Sustainability America of Sarteneja, Belize; [P502/12/1973]; [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024]; [LD14119] FX Dr. J. C. Cosson is thankful for the financial support to the projects GACR P502/12/1973, CENAKVA CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024, LD14119 and LO1205. The results of the project LO1205 were obtained with a financial support from the MEYS of the Czech Republic under the National Programme of Sustainability I program. Research included in this review was partly completed at the University of Newcastle, Australia, under the supervision of Dr John Clulow and Dr Micheal Mahony. Dr Robert K. Browne's work was supported by core funding from Center for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium and Sustainability America of Sarteneja, Belize. NR 145 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.018 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AW3YG UT WOS:000346218400001 PM 25442393 ER PT S AU Varanka, DE Usery, EL Mattli, DM AF Varanka, Dalia E. Usery, E. Lynn Mattli, David M. BE Sluter, CR Cruz, CBM DeMenezes, PML TI Adapting the US National Hydrography Dataset to Linked Open Data SO CARTOGRAPHY - MAPS CONNECTING THE WORLD SE Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC) CY AUG 23-28, 2015 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE US hydrography dataset; Linked open data; Adapting ID WEB AB A controlled vocabulary for the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) of the United States was developed as Linked Open Data (LOD). The vocabulary has two main parts: a glossary and a set of triples reflecting the NHD data model as it is organized in geographic information systems (GIS). The glossary consists of a feature type label and a comment consisting of a definition that is linked to a hydrographic feature type standard. The ontology of the data model consists of classes and properties that group and relate sets of individual features. The objective of the project is to draw on the glossary and the "triplified" data model to build formal semantics for a basic form of NHD as LOD. Modifications were made primarily to the specification of feature types for the data. C1 [Varanka, Dalia E.; Usery, E. Lynn; Mattli, David M.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Varanka, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM dvaranka@usgs.gov; usery@usgs.gov; dmmattli@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1863-2246 BN 978-3-319-17738-0; 978-3-319-17737-3 J9 LECT NOTES GEOINF CA PY 2015 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17738-0_10 PG 18 WC Geography; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Geography; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BG6QQ UT WOS:000390822000010 ER PT J AU Diffendorfer, JE Kramer, LA Ancona, ZH Garrity, CP AF Diffendorfer, Jay E. Kramer, Louisa A. Ancona, Zach H. Garrity, Christopher P. TI Onshore industrial wind turbine locations for the United States up to March 2014 SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB Wind energy is a rapidly growing form of renewable energy in the United States. While summary information on the total amounts of installed capacity are available by state, a free, centralized, national, turbine-level, geospatial dataset useful for scientific research, land and resource management, and other uses did not exist. Available in multiple formats and in a web application, these public domain data provide industrial-scale onshore wind turbine locations in the United States up to March 2014, corresponding facility information, and turbine technical specifications. Wind turbine records have been collected and compiled from various public sources, digitized or position verified from aerial imagery, and quality assured and quality controlled. Technical specifications for turbines were assigned based on the wind turbine make and model as described in public literature. In some cases, turbines were not seen in imagery or turbine information did not exist or was difficult to obtain. Uncertainty associated with these is recorded in a confidence rating. C1 [Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Kramer, Louisa A.; Ancona, Zach H.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Garrity, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Diffendorfer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jediffendorfer@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU Energy Resources Program at the USGS; Land Change Science Program at the USGS FX The work was supported by funding from the Energy Resources and Land Change Science Programs at the USGS. R. Compton and D. Norton worked on the original data and we thank them for their efforts and collaboration. D. Ignizio, V. Hutchinson, and C. Talbert gave us excellent reviews of the data and metadata. D. Ignizo, J. Slate, and M. Drummond offered constructive comments on the manuscript. We greatly appreciate Dr T. Katzner's willingness to share his turbine data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150060 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.60 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100061 ER PT J AU Dowsett, H Robinson, M Foley, K AF Dowsett, Harry Robinson, Marci Foley, Kevin TI A global planktic foraminifer census data set for the Pliocene ocean SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB This article presents data derived by the USGS Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project. PRISM has generated planktic foraminifer census data from core sites and outcrops around the globe since 1988. These data form the basis of a number of paleoceanographic reconstructions focused on the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (3.264 to 3.025 million years ago). Data are presented as counts of individuals within 64 taxonomic categories for each locality. We describe sample acquisition and processing, age dating, taxonomy and archival storage of material. These data provide a unique, stratigraphically focused opportunity to assess the effects of global warming on marine plankton. C1 [Dowsett, Harry; Robinson, Marci; Foley, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, H (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150076 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.76 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100077 ER PT J AU Funk, C Nicholson, SE Landsfeld, M Klotter, D Peterson, P Harrison, L AF Funk, Chris Nicholson, Sharon E. Landsfeld, Martin Klotter, Douglas Peterson, Pete Harrison, Laura TI The Centennial Trends Greater Horn of Africa precipitation dataset SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB East Africa is a drought prone, food and water insecure region with a highly variable climate. This complexity makes rainfall estimation challenging, and this challenge is compounded by low rain gauge densities and inhomogeneous monitoring networks. The dearth of observations is particularly problematic over the past decade, since the number of records in globally accessible archives has fallen precipitously. This lack of data coincides with an increasing scientific and humanitarian need to place recent seasonal and multi-annual East African precipitation extremes in a deep historic context. To serve this need, scientists from the UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group and Florida State University have pooled their station archives and expertise to produce a high quality gridded ` Centennial Trends' precipitation dataset. Additional observations have been acquired from the national meteorological agencies and augmented with data provided by other universities. Extensive quality control of the data was carried out and seasonal anomalies interpolated using kriging. This paper documents the CenTrends methodology and data. C1 [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Funk, Chris; Landsfeld, Martin; Peterson, Pete; Harrison, Laura] UCSB, Dept Geog, UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Nicholson, Sharon E.; Klotter, Douglas] Florida State Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM chris@geog.ucsb.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; NOAA Award [NA11OAR4310151]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program; NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-IDS, NNX14AD30G] FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement (#G09AC000001), NOAA Award NA11OAR4310151, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program, NASA SERVIR, and NASA grants NNH12ZDA001N-IDS and NNX14AD30G. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150050 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.50 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100049 ER PT J AU Funk, C Peterson, P Landsfeld, M Pedreros, D Verdin, J Shukla, S Husak, G Rowland, J Harrison, L Hoell, A Michaelsen, J AF Funk, Chris Peterson, Pete Landsfeld, Martin Pedreros, Diego Verdin, James Shukla, Shraddhanand Husak, Gregory Rowland, James Harrison, Laura Hoell, Andrew Michaelsen, Joel TI The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations-a new environmental record for monitoring extremes SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset builds on previous approaches to 'smart' interpolation techniques and high resolution, long period of record precipitation estimates based on infrared Cold Cloud Duration (CCD) observations. The algorithm i) is built around a 0.05 degrees climatology that incorporates satellite information to represent sparsely gauged locations, ii) incorporates daily, pentadal, and monthly 1981-present 0.05 degrees CCD-based precipitation estimates, iii) blends station data to produce a preliminary information product with a latency of about 2 days and a final product with an average latency of about 3 weeks, and iv) uses a novel blending procedure incorporating the spatial correlation structure of CCD-estimates to assign interpolation weights. We present the CHIRPS algorithm, global and regional validation results, and show how CHIRPS can be used to quantify the hydrologic impacts of decreasing precipitation and rising air temperatures in the Greater Horn of Africa. Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, we show that CHIRPS can support effective hydrologic forecasts and trend analyses in southeastern Ethiopia. C1 [Funk, Chris; Pedreros, Diego; Verdin, James; Rowland, James] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Funk, Chris; Peterson, Pete; Landsfeld, Martin; Shukla, Shraddhanand; Husak, Gregory; Harrison, Laura; Michaelsen, Joel] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hoell, Andrew] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.; Funk, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC000001]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310151]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program; NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-IDS, NNX14AD30G] FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey (USGS) cooperative agreement (#G09AC000001), NOAA Award NA11OAR4310151, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program, NASA SERVIR, and NASA grants NNH12ZDA001N-IDS and NNX14AD30G. NR 90 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150066 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.66 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100067 ER PT J AU Rosemartin, AH Denny, EG Weltzin, JF Marsh, RL Wilson, BE Mehdipoor, H Zurita-Milla, R Schwartz, MD AF Rosemartin, Alyssa H. Denny, Ellen G. Weltzin, Jake F. Marsh, R. Lee Wilson, Bruce E. Mehdipoor, Hamed Zurita-Milla, Raul Schwartz, Mark D. TI Lilac and honeysuckle phenology data 1956-2014 SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB The dataset is comprised of leafing and flowering data collected across the continental United States from 1956 to 2014 for purple common lilac (Syringa vulgaris), a cloned lilac cultivar (S. x chinensis 'Red Rothomagensis') and two cloned honeysuckle cultivars (Lonicera tatarica 'Arnold Red' and L. korolkowii 'Zabeli'). Applications of this observational dataset range from detecting regional weather patterns to understanding the impacts of global climate change on the onset of spring at the national scale. While minor changes in methods have occurred over time, and some documentation is lacking, outlier analyses identified fewer than 3% of records as unusually early or late. Lilac and honeysuckle phenology data have proven robust in both model development and climatic research. C1 [Rosemartin, Alyssa H.; Denny, Ellen G.; Weltzin, Jake F.; Marsh, R. Lee] USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rosemartin, Alyssa H.; Denny, Ellen G.; Marsh, R. Lee] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wilson, Bruce E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Mehdipoor, Hamed; Zurita-Milla, Raul] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Dept Geoinformat Proc, NL-7500 Enschede, Netherlands. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Rosemartin, AH (reprint author), USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alyssa@usanpn.org FU United States Geological Survey [G09AC00310, G14AC00405] FX We appreciate the many contributors to this dataset, both for the contemporary Nature's Notebook program and as part of prior programs. The participation of individuals from the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer network made the depth and breadth of the dataset possible. The development of this dataset was supported by Cooperative Agreements G09AC00310 and G14AC00405 from the United States Geological Survey to the University of Arizona. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We also wish to acknowledge the multiple curators and phenological researchers who have contributed to this dataset over the years, especially: Byron O. Blair, Joseph M. Caprio, Dan Cayan, W. L. Colville, Mike Dettinger, Pierre Dube, Charles Holetich, Richard J. Hopp, William Kennard, Helmut Lieth, Leonard Perry, Morrie T. Vittum, and Robert Wakefield. We are grateful to Katharine Gerst for assistance with outlier analyses, Theresa Crimmins for assistance with figures, and to Harold Shanafield (Oak Ridge National Lab) for contributions to data integration. We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Joseph M. Caprio (1923-2011; https://www.usanpn.org/mem-caprio). NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150038 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.38 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100035 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Gray, DK Read, JS O'Reilly, CM Schneider, P Qudrat, A Gries, C Stefanoff, S Hampton, SE Hook, S Lenters, JD Livingstone, DM McIntyre, PB Adrian, R Allan, MG Anneville, O Arvola, L Austin, J Bailey, J Baron, JS Brookes, J Chen, YW Daly, R Dokulil, M Dong, B Ewing, K de Eyto, E Hamilton, D Havens, K Haydon, S Hetzenauer, H Heneberry, J Hetherington, AL Higgins, SN Hixson, E Izmest'eva, LR Jones, BM Kangur, K Kasprzak, P Koster, O Kraemer, BM Kumagai, M Kuusisto, E Leshkevich, G May, L MacIntyre, S Muller-Navarra, D Naumenko, M Noges, P Noges, T Niederhauser, P North, RP Paterson, AM Plisnier, PD Rigosi, A Rimmer, A Rogora, M Rudstam, L Rusak, JA Salmaso, N Samal, NR Schindler, DE Schladow, G Schmidt, SR Schultz, T Silow, EA Straile, D Teubner, K Verburg, P Voutilainen, A Watkinson, A Weyhenmeyer, GA Williamson, CE Woo, KH AF Sharma, Sapna Gray, Derek K. Read, Jordan S. O'Reilly, Catherine M. Schneider, Philipp Qudrat, Anam Gries, Corinna Stefanoff, Samantha Hampton, Stephanie E. Hook, Simon Lenters, John D. Livingstone, David M. McIntyre, Peter B. Adrian, Rita Allan, Mathew G. Anneville, Orlane Arvola, Lauri Austin, Jay Bailey, John Baron, Jill S. Brookes, Justin Chen, Yuwei Daly, Robert Dokulil, Martin Dong, Bo Ewing, Kye de Eyto, Elvira Hamilton, David Havens, Karl Haydon, Shane Hetzenauer, Harald Heneberry, Jocelyne Hetherington, Amy L. Higgins, Scott N. Hixson, Eric Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Jones, Benjamin M. Kangur, Kulli Kasprzak, Peter Koster, Olivier Kraemer, Benjamin M. Kumagai, Michio Kuusisto, Esko Leshkevich, George May, Linda MacIntyre, Sally Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe Naumenko, Mikhail Noges, Peeter Noges, Tiina Niederhauser, Pius North, Ryan P. Paterson, Andrew M. Plisnier, Pierre-Denis Rigosi, Anna Rimmer, Alon Rogora, Michela Rudstam, Lars Rusak, James A. Salmaso, Nico Samal, Nihar R. Schindler, Daniel E. Schladow, Geoffrey Schmidt, Silke R. Schultz, Tracey Silow, Eugene A. Straile, Dietmar Teubner, Katrin Verburg, Piet Voutilainen, Ari Watkinson, Andrew Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Williamson, Craig E. Woo, Kara H. TI A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985-2009 SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985-2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues. C1 [Sharma, Sapna; Qudrat, Anam; Stefanoff, Samantha] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Gray, Derek K.] Calif Univ Penn, California, PA 15419 USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [O'Reilly, Catherine M.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Schneider, Philipp] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Gries, Corinna; McIntyre, Peter B.; Kraemer, Benjamin M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.; Woo, Kara H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hook, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lenters, John D.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Adrian, Rita; Schmidt, Silke R.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Allan, Mathew G.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Anneville, Orlane] French Natl Inst Agr Res INRA, Stn Hydrobiol Lacustre UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon Les Bains, France. [Arvola, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, FI-16900 Helsinki, Finland. [Austin, Jay] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bailey, John; Heneberry, Jocelyne] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Vale Living Lakes Ctr, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brookes, Justin; Rigosi, Anna] Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Water Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Chen, Yuwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Daly, Robert] SA Water Corp, Australian Water Qual Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Dokulil, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. [Dong, Bo] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Ewing, Kye] Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL 33960 USA. [de Eyto, Elvira] Inst Marine, Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Newport, Mayo, Ireland. [Hamilton, David] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Havens, Karl] Florida Sea Grant, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Havens, Karl] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Haydon, Shane] Melbourne Water Corp, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Hetzenauer, Harald] LUBW Landesanstalt Umwelt Messungen & Nat Schutz, Inst Seenforsch, D-88045 Langenargen, Germany. [Hetherington, Amy L.; Rudstam, Lars] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Higgins, Scott N.] Int Inst Sustainable Dev Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2L6, Canada. [Hixson, Eric] Cent Nebraska Publ Power & Irrigat Dist, Holdredge, NE 68949 USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.; Silow, Eugene A.] Irkutsk State Univ, Sci Res Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kangur, Kulli] Estonian Univ Life Sci Rannu, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, EE-61117 Tartu, Estonia. [Kasprzak, Peter] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Koster, Olivier] Wasserversorgung Stadt Zurich WVZ, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kumagai, Michio] Lake Biwa Environm Res Inst, Otsu, Shiga 5200022, Japan. [Kuusisto, Esko] Finnish Environm Inst, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [May, Linda] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bush Estate EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe] Univ Hamburg, Dept Biol, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. [Naumenko, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Hydrol Lab, St Petersburg 196105, Russia. [Noges, Peeter; Noges, Tiina] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, EE-61117 Tartumaa, Estonia. [Niederhauser, Pius] Kanton Zurich, Amt Abfall Wasser Energie & Luft, CH-8005 Zurich, Switzerland. [North, Ryan P.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Paterson, Andrew M.; Rusak, James A.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada. [Plisnier, Pierre-Denis] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Rimmer, Alon] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Lake Kinneret Limnol Lab, IL-14950 Migdal, Israel. [Rogora, Michela] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Study, I-28922 Verbania, Pallanza, Italy. [Salmaso, Nico] Fdn E Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Ist Agr S Michele allAdige, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Samal, Nihar R.] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schladow, Geoffrey] UC Davis Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 95616 USA. [Schultz, Tracey] Sydney Catchment Author, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78464 Constance, Germany. [Teubner, Katrin] Univ Vienna, Dept Limnol & Biol Oceanog, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Verburg, Piet] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton 1010, New Zealand. [Voutilainen, Ari] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Watkinson, Andrew] Seqwater, Ipswich, Qld 4305, Australia. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Williamson, Craig E.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM sharma11@yorku.ca RI May, Linda/D-7943-2011; ROGORA, MICHELA/B-9237-2008; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; OI Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249; ROGORA, MICHELA/0000-0003-3515-0220; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Rusak, James/0000-0002-4939-6478; Woo, Kara/0000-0002-5125-4188; de Eyto, Elvira /0000-0003-2281-2491 FU Russian Ministry of Education and Science [GR 01201461929]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1136637]; Amt fur Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL), Canton of Zurich, Switzerland; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Belgian Science Policy; Bristol Bay; Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District; Chinese Academy of Sciences; City of Seattle; City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ); Comite intersyndical pour l'assainissement du lac du Bourget (CISALB); Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Eaux du Leman (CIPEL); Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Agency of the Veneto Region; European Union Central Europe Programme (Project EULAKES) [2CE243P3]; Belgian Federal Science Policy-Belgium; Estonian Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research; Estonian Science Foundation; Finland's Environmental Authorities; Finland State Budget; Finnish International Development Agency; Fish and Wildlife Service Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Government of Canada; Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction; International Commission for the Protection of Water between Italy and Switzerland (CIPAIS); Israeli Water Authority; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Long Term Ecological Research Italian network 'Southern Alpine lakes'; Marine Institute (Ireland); Max-Planck Society; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Park Service; National Science Foundation; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; Seqwater; State of Florida; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Syndicat Mixte du Lac d'Annecy (SILA); United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council; United States Department of Agriculture Hatch; United States Geological Survey; United States National Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) [1026843]; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, University of Washington; Vale Canada Limited; WVZ; Waikato Regional Council; West Coast Regional Council; Xstrata Nickel; York University FX We would like to thank the numerous field and research scientists who worked tirelessly to collect and document data from each lake over the past 25+ years. We thank Tim Kratz for helping with the initiation of this project. The Lake Baikal data are part of a dataset (No. 2005620028) registered with the government of the Russian Federation and collected by many Irkutsk State University staff, now supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science, research project GR 01201461929, National Science Foundation (DEB-1136637) supported additional data management. Data for the Austrian lakes were extracted from the year books of the Austrian Hydrological Survey, Department IV/4-Water cycle, Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management. The daily time series from Lake Vattern since 1955 was prepared and provided by Vattern's Water Protection Association. Dorset Environmental Science Centre lakes have been sampled under the supervision of two senior technicians, Robert Girard and Ron Ingram, and two research scientists, Norman Yan and Andrew Paterson. Data for the New York City drinking water reservoirs were sampled and provided by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP). Data for Lakes Peipsi and Vortsjarv were provided by the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Some of the data for Loch Leven have been published by Dudley et al. (2013). Data for Plusssee were collected by the Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Ploen until 2006. Data from the Swiss lakes were kindly provided by the City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ) and by the Amt fur Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL) of the Canton of Zurich. Data for Lakes Annecy, Bourget and Geneva are from the Information System of the SOERE OLA, INRA Thonon les Bains, CIPEL, CISALB, SILA. Data for Lake Constance were provided by the Institut fur Seenforschung, Langenargen (Intenationale Gewasserschutzkommission fur den Bodensee - IGKB). Sudbury area lakes have been sampled by the Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit at Laurentian University, under the supervision of two research scientists, Bill Keller and Norman Yan. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.; Funding and other support for this project were provided by Amt fur Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL), Canton of Zurich, Switzerland; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Belgian Science Policy; Bristol Bay salmon processors; Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District; Chinese Academy of Sciences; City of Seattle; City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ); Comite intersyndical pour l'assainissement du lac du Bourget (CISALB); Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Eaux du Leman (CIPEL), Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Agency of the Veneto Region; European Union Central Europe Programme (Project EULAKES, 2CE243P3; Garda); Belgian Federal Science Policy-Belgium; Estonian Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research; Estonian Science Foundation; Finland's Environmental Authorities; Finland State Budget; Finnish International Development Agency; Fish and Wildlife Service Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Government of Canada; Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction; International Commission for the Protection of Water between Italy and Switzerland (CIPAIS); Israeli Water Authority; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Long Term Ecological Research Italian network 'Southern Alpine lakes'; Marine Institute (Ireland); Max-Planck Society; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Park Service; National Science Foundation; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; Seqwater; State of Florida; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Syndicat Mixte du Lac d'Annecy (SILA); United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council, United States Department of Agriculture Hatch; United States Geological Survey; United States National Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) Grant 1026843 to the Arctic Long Term Environmental Research Project; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, University of Washington; Vale Canada Limited (formerly Inco Limited), WVZ; Waikato Regional Council; West Coast Regional Council; Xstrata Nickel (formerly Falconbridge Ltd.) and York University. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150008 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.8 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100078 PM 25977814 ER PT J AU Mohanty, SK Bulicek, MCD Metge, DW Harvey, RW Ryan, JN Boehm, AB AF Mohanty, Sanjay K. Bulicek, Mark C. D. Metge, David W. Harvey, Ronald W. Ryan, Joseph N. Boehm, Alexandria B. TI Mobilization of Microspheres from a Fractured Soil during Intermittent Infiltration Events SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; DIFFUSIVE MASS-TRANSFER; AIR-WATER INTERFACES; COLLOID MOBILIZATION; SHALE SAPROLITE; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; FLOW CONDITIONS; TRANSIENT FLOW; RETENTION AB The vadose zone filters pathogenic microbes from infiltrating water and consequently protects the groundwater from possible contamination. In some cases, however, the deposited microbes may be mobilized during rainfall and migrate into the groundwater. We examined the mobilization of microspheres, surrogates for microbes, in an intact core of a fractured soil by intermittent simulated rainfall. Fluorescent polystyrene microspheres of two sizes (0.5 and 1.8 mm) and Br- were first applied to the core to deposit the microspheres, and then the core was subjected to three intermittent infiltration events to mobilize the deposited microspheres. Collecting effluent samples through a 19-port sampler at the base of the core, we found that water flowed through only five ports, and the flow rates varied among the ports by a factor of 12. These results suggest that flow paths leading to the ports had different permeabilities, partly due to macropores. Although 40 to 69% of injected microspheres were retained in the core during their application, 12 to 30% of the retained microspheres were mobilized during three intermittent infiltration events. The extent of microsphere mobilization was greater in flow paths with greater permeability, which indicates that macropores could enhance colloid mobilization during intermittent infiltration events. In all ports, the 1.8-mm microspheres were mobilized to a greater extent than the 0.5-mm microspheres, suggesting that larger colloids are more likely to mobilize. These results are useful in assessing the potential of pathogen mobilization and colloid-facilitated transport of contaminants in the subsurface under natural infiltration events. C1 [Mohanty, Sanjay K.; Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mohanty, Sanjay K.; Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Engn Res Ctr ERC Reinventing Nations Urban Water, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bulicek, Mark C. D.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Metge, David W.; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mohanty, SK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sanjay.mohanty@colorado.edu RI Mohanty, Sanjay/H-9304-2013; Bulicek, Miroslav/A-1319-2011; Vogel, Hans-Jorg/J-9845-2016 OI Mohanty, Sanjay/0000-0002-2142-5572; Bulicek, Miroslav/0000-0003-2380-3458; Vogel, Hans-Jorg/0000-0003-2404-9485 FU U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Science and Management Program [DOE-FG02-08ER64639]; UPS Foundation; Stanford University; Re-inventing Nations Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt); U.S. National Science Foundation [EEC-1028968]; U.S. Government FX We thank the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Science and Management Program for supporting this research under Grant DOE-FG02-08ER64639. This work is also partially supported by the UPS Foundation, Stanford University, and Re-inventing Nations Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), an Engineering Research Center (ERC) funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant no. EEC-1028968). We thank Timothy Dittrich and Mark Serravezza at the University of Colorado at Boulder and Tonia Melhorn and Philip Jardine at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for assistance during sampling of the soil cores. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2014.05.0058 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CA9ED UT WOS:000349222300001 ER PT J AU Yu, X Cohn, TA Stedinger, JR AF Yu, Xin Cohn, Timothy A. Stedinger, Jery R. BE Karvazy, K Webster, VL TI Flood Frequency Analysis in the Context of Climate Change SO World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Environmental and Water Resources Congress CY MAY 17-21, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm and Water Resources Inst ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; MANAGEMENT; RISK AB A fundamental assumption in classic flood frequency analysis is that geomorphologic and climatic characteristics of a watershed are stable over time. This allows hydrologists to assume available data represent a single time-invariant population of extreme events. Increasingly, people are concerned about the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic cycle, and they doubt that the assumption of stationarity is valid. So the question is, what should be done? This paper evaluates different methods that can be used for flood frequency estimation that allow for climate change, including time-varying parameters that capture trends, using a limited short-term flood record or window, and adopting a safety factor (e.g. 30% increase) applied to the design flood estimators. A Monte Carlo re-sampling study is employed to estimate the 100-year-flood 50 years beyond the end of a 100-year flood record. Though small trends (e.g. +0.25%) in annual maximum series are not statistically detectable in most U.S. watersheds with a 100-year record, the 100-year flood will be significantly underestimated if such positive trends are neglected. When the trend magnitudes are known and employed to update log-Pearson type III (LP3) parameters, the 100-year flood estimators have the smallest log-space mean squared error (LMSE). Employing trends estimated from the record is an alternative for high trend magnitudes; such estimators have small biases but large variance. Use of a short-term flood record and safety factors only worked well for the low trend magnitudes such as 0 or 0.25%. Clearly, flood risk management in an uncertain world will be a challenge. C1 [Yu, Xin; Stedinger, Jery R.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cohn, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA USA. RP Yu, X (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM xy75@cornell.edu; tacohn@usgs.gov; jrs5@corenll.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7916-2 PY 2015 BP 2376 EP 2385 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG8ZE UT WOS:000392856300233 ER PT J AU Spence, CM Grantham, T Poff, NL Brown, CM AF Spence, C. M. Grantham, T. Poff, N. L. Brown, C. M. BE Karvazy, K Webster, VL TI Maximizing joint economic and ecological robustness in floodplain planning SO World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015: Floods, Droughts, and Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Environmental and Water Resources Congress CY MAY 17-21, 2015 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm and Water Resources Inst ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER AB Climate nonstationarity and uncertainty raise important issues related to design and planning within the water sector. In addition, the water sector has acknowledged the need for improved methods of incorporating impacts of water resources development on ecosystems into project evaluation. We present a decision analytic approach to selecting flood management portfolios that maximize robustness to climate change of both economic and ecological objectives. Robustness is measured according to the breadth of possible change in climate variables that can occur while maintaining acceptable economic and ecological performance of the flood management system and floodplain. A satisficing criterion is used for performance assessment, in which thresholds in quantifiable economic and ecological performance metrics delineate acceptable performance. The model is applied to choose combinations of infrastructural and nonstructural, options-based flood management interventions on the Iowa River. Present value of expected net cost is used as the economic performance metric, while a hydrologically-based index representing floodplain activation measures ecological performance. Results demonstrate the tradeoffs between the high level of flood protection afforded through levee construction and low-regret reservoir re-operation strategy, which would expedite reservoir storage reduction and restore mid-magnitude flows downstream of a flood control dam. C1 [Spence, C. M.; Brown, C. M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hydrosyst Res Grp, 12 Marston Hall,130 Nat Resources Rd, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Grantham, T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Poff, N. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Stream Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Spence, CM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hydrosyst Res Grp, 12 Marston Hall,130 Nat Resources Rd, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cspence@ecs.umass.edu; tgrantharn@usgs.gov; poff@lamar.colostate.edu; casey@engin.umass.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1054762] FX This work is funded by National Science Foundation grant CBET-1054762. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7916-2 PY 2015 BP 2386 EP 2394 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG8ZE UT WOS:000392856300234 ER PT J AU Binder, TR Thompson, HT Muir, AM Riley, SC Marsden, JE Bronte, CR Krueger, CC AF Binder, T. R. Thompson, H. T. Muir, A. M. Riley, S. C. Marsden, J. E. Bronte, C. R. Krueger, C. C. TI New insight into the spawning behavior of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, from a recovering population in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Reproductive ecology; Itinerant spawning; Courtship; Male-male competition ID REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; ATLANTIC SALMON; HURON; RESTORATION; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR; COMPETITION; STRATEGIES AB Spawning behavior of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, is poorly understood, relative to stream-dwelling salmonines. Underwater video records of spawning in a recovering population from the Drummond Island Refuge (Lake Huron) represent the first reported direct observations of lake trout spawning in the Laurentian Great Lakes. These observations provide new insight into lake trout spawning behavior and expand the current conceptual model. Lake trout spawning consisted of at least four distinct behaviors: hovering, traveling, sinking, and gamete release. Hovering is a new courtship behavior that has not been previously described. The apparent concentration of hovering near the margin of the spawning grounds suggests that courtship and mate selection might be isolated from the spawning act (i.e., traveling, sinking, and gamete release). Moreover, we interpret jockeying for position displayed by males during traveling as a unique form of male-male competition that likely evolved in concert with the switch from redd-building to itinerant spawning in lake trout. Unlike previous models, which suggested that intra-sexual competition and mate selection do not occur in lake trout, our model includes both and is therefore consistent with evolutionary theory, given that the sex ratio on spawning grounds is skewed heavily towards males. The model presented in this paper is intended as a working hypothesis, and further revision may become necessary as we gain a more complete understanding of lake trout spawning behavior. C1 [Binder, T. R.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Binder, T. R.] Michigan State Univ, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Thompson, H. T.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Muir, A. M.; Krueger, C. C.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Riley, S. C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Marsden, J. E.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Resources, Aiken Ctr 308D, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Bronte, C. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Franklin, WI 54229 USA. RP Binder, TR (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM tr.binder@gmail.com FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank E. Larson, D. Operhall, B. Lamoreux, and C. Wright for their technical assistance in the field. We are also thankful to A. Miehls for her help in editing the videos. The paper was substantially improved based on comments from two anonymous peer reviews. Funding for this project came from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. This article is Contribution 1825 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2015 VL 98 IS 1 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0247-6 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU5CS UT WOS:000345625400016 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Dagel, JD Kaczka, LJ Mower, EB Wigen, SL AF Miranda, L. E. Dagel, J. D. Kaczka, L. J. Mower, E. B. Wigen, S. L. TI Floodplains within reservoirs promote earlier spawning of white crappies Pomoxis annularis SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Floodplain; Reservoir; Water level; White Crappie; Spawning; River-reservoir interface ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; LARGE RIVERS; FISH; SURVIVAL; SIZE; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; DENSITIES; SITES AB Reservoirs impounded over floodplain rivers are unique because they may include within their upper reaches extensive shallow water stored over preexistent floodplains. Because of their relatively flat topography and riverine origin, floodplains in the upper reaches of reservoirs provide broad expanses of vegetation within a narrow range of reservoir water levels. Elsewhere in the reservoir, topography creates a band of shallow water along the contour of the reservoir where vegetation often does not grow. Thus, as water levels rise, floodplains may be the first vegetated habitats inundated within the reservoir. We hypothesized that shallow water in reservoir floodplains would attract spawning white crappies Pomoxis annularis earlier than reservoir embayments. Crappie relative abundance over five years in floodplains and embayments of four reservoirs increased as spawning season approached, peaked, and decreased as fish exited shallow water. Relative abundance peaked earlier in floodplains than embayments, and the difference was magnified with higher water levels. Early access to suitable spawning habitat promotes earlier spawning and may increase population fitness. Recognition of the importance of reservoir floodplains, an understanding of how reservoir water levels can be managed to provide timely connectivity to floodplains, and conservation of reservoir floodplains may be focal points of environmental management in reservoirs. C1 [Miranda, L. E.; Dagel, J. D.; Kaczka, L. J.; Mower, E. B.; Wigen, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@cfr.msstate.edu RI Miranda, Luisa/N-6353-2013 OI Miranda, Luisa/0000-0002-7553-6059 FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant FX We thank T. Alfermann, D. Dembkowski, R. Krogman, and K. Meals for assistance with field work. C. Lloyd and W. Neal provided helpful reviews. Funding for this research was provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant. Specimen collections were authorized under Mississippi State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 08-034. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2015 VL 98 IS 1 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0276-1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU5CS UT WOS:000345625400040 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Reeves, R Muths, E Vandever, M Battaglin, WA Hladik, ML Pierce, CL AF Smalling, Kelly L. Reeves, Rebecca Muths, Erin Vandever, Mark Battaglin, William A. Hladik, Michelle L. Pierce, Clay L. TI Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in a landscape dominated by agriculture SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Bioaccumulation; Agricultural landscape; Pesticides; Habitat quality; Nutrients ID SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; TARGETED USE AREAS; RANA-PIPIENS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER; GREEN FROGS; INSECTICIDES AB Habitat loss and exposure to pesticides are likely primary factors contributing to amphibian decline in agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts have attempted to restore wetlands lost through landscape modifications to reduce contaminant loads in surface waters and providing quality habitat to wildlife. The benefits of this increased wetland area, perhaps especially for amphibians, may be negated if habitat quality is insufficient to support persistent populations. We examined the presence of pesticides and nutrients in water and sediment as indicators of habitat quality and assessed the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the tissue of two native amphibian species Pseudacris maculate (chorus frogs) and Lithobates pipiens (leopard frogs) at six wetlands (3 restored and 3 reference) in Iowa, USA. Restored wetlands are positioned on the landscape to receive subsurface tile drainage water while reference wetlands receive water from overland run-off and shallow groundwater sources. Concentrations of the pesticides frequently detected in water and sediment samples were not different between wetland types. The median concentration of atrazine in surface water was 0.2 mu g/L. Reproductive abnormalities in leopard frogs have been observed in other studies at these concentrations. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the restored wetlands but lower than concentrations thought lethal to frogs. Complex mixtures of pesticides including up to 8 fungicides, some previously unreported in tissue, were detected with concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 1500 mu g/kg wet weight. No significant differences in pesticide concentrations were observed between species, although concentrations tended to be higher in leopard frogs compared to chorus frogs, possibly because of differences in life histories. Our results provide information on habitat quality in restored wetlands that will assist state and federal agencies, landowners, and resource managers in identifying and implementing conservation and management actions for these and similar wetlands in agriculturally dominated landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Reeves, Rebecca] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Muths, Erin; Vandever, Mark] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920; Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). The managers of the source of funding did not participate in the design of the study, nor in the interpretation or writing of the manuscript All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 76 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 17 U2 135 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 502 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.114 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6RZ UT WOS:000345730800010 PM 25244036 ER PT J AU May, JT Brown, LR Rehn, AC Waite, IR Ode, PR Mazor, RD Schiff, KC AF May, Jason T. Brown, Larry R. Rehn, Andrew C. Waite, Ian R. Ode, Peter R. Mazor, Raphael D. Schiff, Kenneth C. TI Correspondence of biological condition models of California streams at statewide and regional scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioassessment; Macroinvertebrates; O/E; Monitoring; Boosted regression trees; Planning; Conservation; Spatial scale ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; LAND-USE; PREDICTIVE MODELS; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; REGRESSION TREES; CONSERVATION; MACROINVERTEBRATES; ASSESSMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS AB We used boosted regression trees (BRT) to model stream biological condition as measured by benthic macroinvertebrate taxonomic completeness, the ratio of observed to expected (O/E) taxa. Models were developed with and without exclusion of rare taxa at a site. BRT models are robust, requiring few assumptions compared with traditional modeling techniques such as multiple linear regression. The BRT models were constructed to provide baseline support to stressor delineation by identifying natural physiographic and human land use gradients affecting stream biological condition statewide and for eight ecological regions within the state, as part of the development of numerical biological objectives for California's wadeable streams. Regions were defined on the basis of ecological, hydrologic, and jurisdictional factors and roughly corresponded with ecoregions. Physiographic and land use variables were derived from geographic information system coverages. The model for the entire state (n=1,386) identified a composite measure of anthropogenic disturbance (the sum of urban, agricultural, and unmanaged roadside vegetation land cover) within the local watershed as the most important variable, explaining 56 % of the variance in O/E values. Models for individual regions explained between 51 and 84 % of the variance in O/E values. Measures of human disturbance were important in the three coastal regions. In the South Coast and Coastal Chaparral, local watershed measures of urbanization were the most important variables related to biological condition, while in the North Coast the composite measure of human disturbance at the watershed scale was most important. In the two mountain regions, natural gradients were most important, including slope, precipitation, and temperature. The remaining three regions had relatively small sample sizes (n <= 75 sites) and had models that gave mixed results. Understanding the spatial scale at which land use and land cover affect taxonomic completeness is imperative for sound management. Our results suggest that invertebrate taxonomic completeness is affected by human disturbance at the statewide and regional levels, with some differences among regions in the importance of natural gradients and types of human disturbance. The construction and application of models similar to the ones presented here could be useful in the planning and prioritization of actions for protection and conservation of biodiversity in California streams. C1 [May, Jason T.; Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rehn, Andrew C.; Ode, Peter R.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Aquat Bioassessment Lab, Water Pollut Control Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Mazor, Raphael D.; Schiff, Kenneth C.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP May, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jasonmay@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 187 IS 1 AR 4086 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4086-x PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU1GK UT WOS:000345368800012 PM 25384371 ER PT J AU Powers, J Brewer, SK Long, JM Campbell, T AF Powers, Jarrod Brewer, Shannon K. Long, James M. Campbell, Thomas TI Evaluating the use of side-scan sonar for detecting freshwater mussel beds in turbid river environments SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Sonar images; Mussel habitat; Distribution; Detection ID FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; COMMUNITIES; BIVALVES; STREAMS; REGRESSION; ABUNDANCE; MICHIGAN; DEBRIS AB Side-scan sonar is a valuable tool for mapping habitat features in many aquatic systems suggesting it may also be useful for locating sedentary biota. The objective of this study was to determine if side-scan sonar could be used to identify freshwater mussel (unionid) beds and the required environmental conditions. We used side-scan sonar to develop a series of mussel-bed reference images by placing mussel shells within homogenous areas of fine and coarse substrates. We then used side-scan sonar to map a 32-km river reach during spring and summer. Using our mussel-bed reference images, several river locations were identified where mussel beds appeared to exist in the scanned images and we chose a subset of sites (n = 17) for field validation. The validation confirmed that similar to 60% of the sites had mussel beds and similar to 80% had some mussels or shells present. Water depth was significantly related to our ability to predict mussel-bed locations: predictive ability was greatest at depths of 1-2 m, but decreased in water >2-m deep. We determined side-scan sonar is an effective tool for preliminary assessments of mussel presence during times when they are located at or above the substrate surface and in relatively fine substrates excluding fine silt. C1 [Powers, Jarrod; Campbell, Thomas] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.; Long, James M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannonbrewer@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [F11AF00027] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Project funding was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (F11AF00027). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Mark Jensen, Bruce Burkehead, and Daniel Beatie for valuable field assistance and Mark Gregory for technical assistance. Dan Shoup and Timothy Grabowski provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2015 VL 743 IS 1 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s10750-014-2017-z PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT6FY UT WOS:000345036000010 ER PT J AU Hopkins, MD Mojzsis, SJ Bottke, WF Abramov, O AF Hopkins, M. D. Mojzsis, S. J. Bottke, W. F. Abramov, O. TI Micrometer-scale U-Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroid Vesta; Geological processes; Asteroids dynamics; Cosmochemistry ID LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; MAIN ASTEROID BELT; SOLAR-SYSTEM; 4 VESTA; MN-53-CR-53 SYSTEMATICS; BASALTIC EUCRITES; PLANET MIGRATION; IRON-METEORITES; LUNAR CATACLYSM; MELT PRODUCTION AB Meteoritic zircons are rare, but some are documented to occur in asteroidal meteorites, including those of the howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) achondrite clan (Rubin, A. [1997]. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 32, 231-247). The HEDs are widely considered to originate from the Asteroid 4 Vesta. Vesta and the other large main belt asteroids record an early bombardment history. To explore this record, we describe submicrometer distributions of trace elements (U, Th) and U-235,U-238-Pb-207,Pb-206 ages from four zircons (>7-40 mu m empty set) separated from bulk samples of the brecciated eucrite Millbillillie. Ultra-high resolution (similar to 100 nm) ion microprobe depth profiles reveal different zircon age domains correlative to mineral chemistry and to possible impact scenarios. Our new U-Pb zircon geochronology shows that Vesta's crust solidified within a few million years of Solar System formation (4561 +/- 13 Ma), in good agreement with previous work (e.g. Carlson, R.W., Lugmair, G.W. [2000]. Timescales of planetesimal formation and differentiation based on extinct and extant radioisotopes. In: Canup, R., Righter, K. (Eds.), Origin of the Earth and Moon. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 25-44). Younger zircon age domains (ca. 4530 Ma) also record crustal processes, but these are interpreted to be exogenous because they are well after the effective extinction of Al-26 (t(1/2) = 0.72 Myr). An origin via impact-resetting was evaluated with a suite of analytical impact models. Output shows that if a single impactor was responsible for the ca. 4530 Ma zircon ages, it had to have been >= 10 km in diameter and at high enough velocity (>5 km s(-1)) to account for the thermal field required to re-set U-Pb ages. Such an impact would have penetrated at least 10 km into Vesta's crust. Later events at ca. 4200 Ma are documented in HED apatite U-235,U-238-Pb-207,Pb-206 ages (Zhou, Q. et al. [2011]. Early basaltic volcanism and Late Heavy Bombardment on Vesta: U-Pb ages of small zircons and phosphates in eucrites. Lunar Planet. Sci. 42. Abstract #2575) and Ar40-39 age spectra (Bogard, D.D. [2011]. Chem. Erde 71, 207-226). Yet younger ages, including those coincident with the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB; ca. 3900 Ma), are absent from Millbillillie zircon. This is attributable to primordial changes to the velocity distributions of impactors in the asteroid belt, and differences in mineral closure temperatures (T-c zircon >> apatite). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hopkins, M. D.; Mojzsis, S. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mojzsis, S. J.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Mojzsis, S. J.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5276, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Mojzsis, S. J.] Hungarian Acad Sci, RCAES, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. [Bottke, W. F.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Abramov, O.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mojzsis, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, UCB 399,2200 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mojzsis@colorado.edu RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 FU NASA Lunar Science Institute; Center for Lunar Origin and Evolution (CLOE) FX Discussions and debates with Hal Levison, Luke Dones, Alessandro Morbidelli, Simone Marchi, Kaveh Pahlevan, Matt Wielicki, Mark Harrison, Barb Cohen and Qing-zhu Yin have helped clarify the ideas presented here. Earlier comments by Marc Norman, Doug Mittelfeldt, Sasha Nemchin, and Trevor Ireland helped improve the manuscript. Detailed and careful reviewers from Audrey Bouvier and an anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged. We thank the NASA Lunar Science Institute and the Center for Lunar Origin and Evolution (CLOE) for support. Substantial parts of this manuscript were completed while S.J.M. held a Distinguished Visiting Professorship in Budapest at the Research Center for Astronomy and Geochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. We thank Axel Schmitt, Rita Economos and Kevin McKeegan for assistance using the Cameca ims1270 ion microprobe at UCLA. We also thank John Drexler for assistance on the CU Boulder JEOL 8200 electron microprobe, and to Blaine Reed for access to new brecciated eucrite meteorite samples. NR 110 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.025 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900029 ER PT J AU Iversen, CM Sloan, VL Sullivan, PF Euskirchen, ES McGuire, AD Norby, RJ Walker, AP Warren, JM Wullschleger, SD AF Iversen, Colleen M. Sloan, Victoria L. Sullivan, Patrick F. Euskirchen, Eugenie S. McGuire, A. David Norby, Richard J. Walker, Anthony P. Warren, Jeffrey M. Wullschleger, Stan D. TI The unseen iceberg: plant roots in arctic tundra SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE arctic; fine roots; model; plant-soil; root biomass; root production; root turnover; tundra ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES; ECOSYSTEM CARBON STORAGE; LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION; ALASKAN COASTAL TUNDRA; DIFFERING GROWTH FORM; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; VASCULAR PLANTS; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; PHOSPHATE ABSORPTION AB Plant roots play a critical role in ecosystem function in arctic tundra, but root dynamics in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized available literature on tundra roots, including their distribution, dynamics and contribution to ecosystem carbon and nutrient fluxes, and highlighted key aspects of their representation in terrestrial biosphere models. Across all tundra ecosystems, belowground plant biomass exceeded aboveground biomass, with the exception of polar desert tundra. Roots were shallowly distributed in the thin layer of soil that thaws annually, and were often found in surface organic soil horizons. Root traits - including distribution, chemistry, anatomy and resource partitioning - play an important role in controlling plant species competition, and therefore ecosystem carbon and nutrient fluxes, under changing climatic conditions, but have only been quantified for a small fraction of tundra plants. Further, the annual production and mortality of fine roots are key components of ecosystem processes in tundra, but extant data are sparse. Tundra root traits and dynamics should be the focus of future research efforts. Better representation of the dynamics and characteristics of tundra roots will improve the utility of models for the evaluation of the responses of tundra ecosystems to changing environmental conditions. C1 [Iversen, Colleen M.; Sloan, Victoria L.; Norby, Richard J.; Walker, Anthony P.; Warren, Jeffrey M.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Sloan, Victoria L.; Norby, Richard J.; Walker, Anthony P.; Warren, Jeffrey M.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick F.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Iversen, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM iversencm@ornl.gov RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Walker, Anthony/G-2931-2016 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Walker, Anthony/0000-0003-0557-5594 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy Office of Science; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Thank you to Santonu Goswami for assistance in preparing Fig. 1. NR 201 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 28 U2 159 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 205 IS 1 BP 34 EP 58 DI 10.1111/nph.13003 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AU4QL UT WOS:000345596700010 PM 25209220 ER PT J AU Gret-Regamey, A Weibel, B Bagstad, KJ Ferrari, M Geneletti, D Klug, H Schirpke, U Tappeiner, U AF Gret-Regamey, Adrienne Weibel, Bettina Bagstad, Kenneth J. Ferrari, Marika Geneletti, Davide Klug, Hermann Schirpke, Uta Tappeiner, Ulrike TI On the Effects of Scale for Ecosystem Services Mapping SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN-ANALYSIS; LAND-USE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; MULTISCALE; VALUATION; CONSERVATION; INDICATORS AB Ecosystems provide life-sustaining services upon which human civilization depends, but their degradation largely continues unabated. Spatially explicit information on ecosystem services (ES) provision is required to better guide decision making, particularly for mountain systems, which are characterized by vertical gradients and isolation with high topographic complexity, making them particularly sensitive to global change. But while spatially explicit ES quantification and valuation allows the identification of areas of abundant or limited supply of and demand for ES, the accuracy and usefulness of the information varies considerably depending on the scale and methods used. Using four case studies from mountainous regions in Europe and the U.S., we quantify information gains and losses when mapping five ES -carbon sequestration, flood regulation, agricultural production, timber harvest, and scenic beauty - at coarse and fine resolution (250 m vs. 25 m in Europe and 300 m vs. 30 m in the U.S.). We analyze the effects of scale on ES estimates and their spatial pattern and show how these effects are related to different ES, terrain structure and model properties. ES estimates differ substantially between the fine and coarse resolution analyses in all case studies and across all services. This scale effect is not equally strong for all ES. We show that spatially explicit information about non-clustered, isolated ES tends to be lost at coarse resolution and against expectation, mainly in less rugged terrain, which calls for finer resolution assessments in such contexts. The effect of terrain ruggedness is also related to model properties such as dependency on land use-land cover data. We close with recommendations for mapping ES to make the resulting maps more comparable, and suggest a four-step approach to address the issue of scale when mapping ES that can deliver information to support ES-based decision making with greater accuracy and reliability. C1 [Gret-Regamey, Adrienne; Weibel, Bettina] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bagstad, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ferrari, Marika; Geneletti, Davide] Univ Trento, Dept Civil Environm & Mech Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Klug, Hermann] Salzburg Univ, Interfaculty Dept Geoinformat Z GIS, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Schirpke, Uta; Tappeiner, Ulrike] EURAC Res, Inst Alpine Environm, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. [Schirpke, Uta; Tappeiner, Ulrike] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Gret-Regamey, A (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM gret@ethz.ch RI Tappeiner, Ulrike/B-8727-2009 OI Tappeiner, Ulrike/0000-0002-0195-7459 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research program; U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science program; Competence Center Environment and Sustainability of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Mountland project FX We are grateful to the Mountain Research Initiative, which initiated this study in a workshop held 2012 in Switzerland. Partial support in the frame of the Puyallup case study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research and Land Change Science programs. Zach Ancona, Gary Johnson, Ferdinando Villa, Brian Voigt, and Earth Economics assisted with data and model development and testing for the Puyallup case study. The Stubai case study was conducted on the LTER site 'Stubai Valley', a member of the Austrian LTSER Platform 'Tyrolean Alps'. We thank Dieter Stohr from the Forest Department of the Province of the Tyrol and Peter Frank from the Chamber of Agriculture Tyrol for the useful information and data. The Davos case study was supported by the Competence Center Environment and Sustainability of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology as part of the Mountland project. The ASTER global digital elevation model GDEM V1 data product which is a product of METI and NASA was obtained through the online Data Pool at the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access). Jay Diffendorfer, Miguel Villareal, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 101 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 12 U2 98 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e112601 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112601 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX6YH UT WOS:000347063500005 PM 25549256 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Segou, M Sevilgen, V Milner, K Field, E Toda, S Stein, RS AF Parsons, Tom Segou, Margaret Sevilgen, Volkan Milner, Kevin Field, Edward Toda, Shinji Stein, Ross S. TI Stress-based aftershock forecasts made within 24h postmain shock: Expected north San Francisco Bay area seismicity changes after the 2014 M=6.0 West Napa earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquake interactions; prospective stress-based forecasts ID CALIFORNIA; MODEL; MAGNITUDE AB We calculate stress changes resulting from the M=6.0 West Napa earthquake on north San Francisco Bay area faults. The earthquake ruptured within a series of long faults that pose significant hazard to the Bay area, and we are thus concerned with potential increases in the probability of a large earthquake through stress transfer. We conduct this exercise as a prospective test because the skill of stress-based aftershock forecasting methodology is inconclusive. We apply three methods: (1) generalized mapping of regional Coulomb stress change, (2) stress changes resolved on Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast faults, and (3) a mapped rate/state aftershock forecast. All calculations were completed within 24h after the main shock and were made without benefit of known aftershocks, which will be used to evaluative the prospective forecast. All methods suggest that we should expect heightened seismicity on parts of the southern Rodgers Creek, northern Hayward, and Green Valley faults. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Segou, Margaret] Geosci Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France. [Sevilgen, Volkan] Seismicity Net, San Carlos, CA USA. [Milner, Kevin] Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Field, Edward] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Toda, Shinji] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8792 EP 8799 DI 10.1002/2014GL062379 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500016 ER PT J AU Zambon, JB He, RY Warner, JC AF Zambon, Joseph B. He, Ruoying Warner, John C. TI Tropical to extratropical: Marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; landfall; air-sea-wave coupling ID COAWST MODELING SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; HURRICANE; PREDICTION; CYCLONES; WAVES AB Superstorm Sandy was a massive storm that impacted the U.S. East Coast on 22-31 October 2012, generating large waves, record storm surges, and major damage. The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport modeling system was applied to hindcast this storm. Sensitivity experiments with increasing complexity of air-sea-wave coupling were used to depict characteristics of this immense storm as it underwent tropical to extratropical transition. Regardless of coupling complexity, model-simulated tracks were all similar to the observations, suggesting the storm track was largely determined by large-scale synoptic atmospheric circulation, rather than by local processes resolved through model coupling. Analyses of the sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, and upper atmospheric shear parameters showed that as a result of the extratropical transition and despite the storm encountering much cooler shelf water, its intensity and strength were not significantly impacted. Ocean coupling was not as important as originally thought for Sandy. C1 [Zambon, Joseph B.; He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP He, RY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rhe@ncsu.edu FU USGS Coastal Process Project; NOAA [NA11NOS0120033]; NASA [NNX13AD80G] FX Research support provided by USGS Coastal Process Project, NOAA grant NA11NOS0120033, and NASA grant NNX13AD80G is much appreciated. We thank G. Lackmann for insightful discussions and J. Warrillow for her editorial assistance. Two anonymous reviewers also provided many constructive suggestions that helped us improve this manuscript. We acknowledge National Hurricane Center for making hurricane best track data available online. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8935 EP 8943 DI 10.1002/2014GL061357 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500034 ER PT J AU Myers, JT Yule, DL Jones, ML Quinlan, HR Berglund, EK AF Myers, Jared T. Yule, Daniel L. Jones, Michael L. Quinlan, Henry R. Berglund, Eric K. TI Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Cisco; Rainbow smelt; Foraging model; Bioenergetic model; Recruitment ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; RAINBOW SMELT; BIOENERGETIC MODEL; FISH LARVAE; RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; ONTOGENIC ASPECTS AB The relative importance of predation and food availability as contributors to larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) mortality in Lake Superior were investigated using a visual foraging model to evaluate potential predation pressure by rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and a bioenergetic model to evaluate potential starvation risk. The models were informed by observations of rainbow smelt, larval cisco, and zooplankton abundance at three Lake Superior locations during the period of spring larval cisco emergence and surface-oriented foraging. Predation risk was highest at Black Bay, ON, where average rainbow smelt densities in the uppermost 10 m of the water column were >1000 ha(-1). Turbid conditions at the Twin Ports, WI-MN, affected larval cisco predation risk because rainbow smelt remained suspended in the upper water column during daylight, placing them alongside larval cisco during both day and night hours. Predation risk was low at Cornucopia, WI, owing to low smelt densities (<400 ha(-1)) and deep light penetration, which kept rainbow smelt near the lakebed and far from larvae during daylight. In situ zooplankton density estimates were low compared to the values used to develop the larval coregonid bioenergetics model, leading to predictions of negative growth rates for 10 mm larvae at all three locations. The model predicted that 15 mm larvae were capable of attaining positive growth at Cornucopia and the Twin Ports where low water temperatures (2-6 degrees C) decreased their metabolic costs. Larval prey resources were highest at Black Bay but warmer water temperatures there offset the benefit of increased prey availability. A sensitivity analysis performed on the rainbow smelt visual foraging model showed that it was relatively insensitive, while the coregonid bioenergetics model showed that the absolute growth rate predictions were highly sensitive to input parameters (i.e., 20% parameter perturbation led to order of magnitude differences in model estimates). Our modelling indicated that rainbow smelt predation may limit larval cisco survival at Black Bay and to a lesser extent at Twin Ports, and that starvation may be a major source of mortality at all three locations. The framework we describe has the potential to further our understanding of the relative importance of starvation and predation on larval fish survivorship, provided information on prey resources available to larvae are measured at sufficiently fine spatial scales and the models provide a realistic depiction of the dynamic processes that the larvae experience. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Myers, Jared T.; Jones, Michael L.] MI State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Quinlan, Henry R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Berglund, Eric K.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Thunder Bay, ON P7E 6S8, Canada. RP Myers, JT (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 141 South Third St, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Canadian Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem FX We thank the crews of each respective agency that made this analysis possible. This research was partially funded by a grant received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Restoration Act. Spawner and larval surveys in Canada waters were funded by the Canadian Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. This paper is contribution number 2014-15 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center (Michigan State University) and 1884 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names, is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 24 PY 2014 VL 294 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.009 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8BG UT WOS:000345821100008 ER PT J AU Manlove, KR Cassirer, EF Cross, PC Plowright, RK Hudson, PJ AF Manlove, Kezia R. Cassirer, E. Frances Cross, Paul C. Plowright, Raina K. Hudson, Peter J. TI Costs and benefits of group living with disease: a case study of pneumonia in bighorn lambs (Ovis canadensis) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE epidemic size; variance decomposition; transmission process; social contact network; social immunity; bighorn sheep ID DOMESTIC SHEEP; POPULATION; TRANSMISSION; DYNAMICS; THRESHOLDS; BEHAVIOR; EXTINCTION; PARASITISM; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS AB Group living facilitates pathogen transmission among social hosts, yet temporally stable host social organizations can actually limit transmission of some pathogens. When there are few between-subpopulation contacts for the duration of a disease event, transmission becomes localized to subpopulations. The number of per capita infectious contacts approaches the subpopulation size as pathogen infectiousness increases. Here, we illustrate that this is the case during epidemics of highly infectious pneumonia in bighorn lambs (Ovis canadensis). We classified individually marked bighorn ewes into disjoint seasonal subpopulations, and decomposed the variance in lamb survival to weaning into components associated with individual ewes, subpopulations, populations and years. During epidemics, lamb survival varied substantially more between ewe-subpopulations than across populations or years, suggesting localized pathogen transmission. This pattern of lamb survival was not observed during years when disease was absent. Additionally, group sizes in ewe-subpopulations were independent of population size, but the number of ewe-subpopulations increased with population size. Consequently, although one might reasonably assume that force of infection for this highly communicable disease scales with population size, in fact, host social behaviour modulates transmission such that disease is frequency-dependent within populations, and some groups remain protected during epidemic events. C1 [Manlove, Kezia R.; Plowright, Raina K.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hudson, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hudson, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cassirer, E. Frances] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Plowright, Raina K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Manlove, KR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM krm17@psu.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Manlove, Kezia/0000-0002-7200-5236 FU Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Project [W-160-R]; Morris Animal Foundation [D13ZO-081]; Pennsylvania State University; Cedar Tree Foundation; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Wild Sheep Foundation; Shikar-Safari Club International; Oregon Hunters Association FX Data collection was supported by the wildlife agencies of Idaho, Washington and Oregon, with assistance from the US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and support from the Wild Sheep Foundation national, chapters and affiliates, Shikar-Safari Club International and the Oregon Hunters Association. Funding was also provided by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Project W-160-R administered through Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Analysis was supported through Morris Animal Foundation grant number (D13ZO-081), and by an academic computing fellowship from Pennsylvania State University for K. R. M. R. K. P. was supported by the Cedar Tree Foundation and P. Thye, P.J.H. was supported by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1797 AR 20142331 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.2331 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AS9YN UT WOS:000344594400029 ER PT J AU Jokiel, PL Rodgers, KS Storlazzi, CD Field, ME Lager, CV Lager, D AF Jokiel, Paul L. Rodgers, Ku'ulei S. Storlazzi, Curt D. Field, Michael E. Lager, Claire V. Lager, Dan TI Response of reef corals on a fringing reef flat to elevated suspended-sediment concentrations: Moloka'i, Hawai'i SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Coral reefs; Hawai'i ID SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; DISTURBANCES; TERRESTRIAL; VARIABILITY; MACROALGAE; TURBIDITY; PATTERNS AB A long-term (10 month exposure) experiment on effects of suspended sediment on the mortality, growth, and recruitment of the reef corals Montipora capitata and Porites compressa was conducted on the shallow reef flat off south Moloka'i, Hawai'i. Corals were grown on wire platforms with attached coral recruitment tiles along a suspended solid concentration (SSC) gradient that ranged from 37 mg l(-1) (inshore) to 3 mg l(-1) (offshore). Natural coral reef development on the reef flat is limited to areas with SSCs less than 10 mg l(-1) as previously suggested in the scientific literature. However, the experimental corals held at much higher levels of turbidity showed surprisingly good survivorship and growth. High SSCs encountered on the reef flat reduced coral recruitment by one to three orders of magnitude compared to other sites throughout Hawai'i. There was a significant correlation between the biomass of macroalgae attached to the wire growth platforms at the end of the experiment and percentage of the corals showing mortality. We conclude that lack of suitable hard substrate, macroalgal competition, and blockage of recruitment on available substratum are major factors accounting for the low natural coral coverage in areas of high turbidity. The direct impact of high turbidity on growth and mortality is of lesser importance. C1 [Jokiel, Paul L.; Rodgers, Ku'ulei S.; Lager, Claire V.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96734 USA. [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Field, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Lager, Dan] Hawaii State Div Aquat Resources, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Rodgers, KS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96734 USA. EM kuuleir@hawaii.edu FU United States Geological Survey Coastal and the Marine Geology Program's cooperative agreement [98WRAG1030, G13AC00130] FX This work was supported by the United States Geological Survey Coastal and the Marine Geology Program's cooperative agreement 98WRAG1030 and G13AC00130. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD DEC 18 PY 2014 VL 2 AR UNSP e699 DI 10.7717/peerj.699 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5RD UT WOS:000347628500001 PM 25653896 ER PT J AU Vazquez, JA Velasco, NO Schmitt, AK Bleick, HA Stelten, ME AF Vazquez, Jorge A. Velasco, Noel O. Schmitt, Axel K. Bleick, Heather A. Stelten, Mark E. TI U-238-Th-230 dating of chevkinite in high-silica rhyolites from La Primavera and Yellowstone calderas SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chevkinite; Uranium-series geochronology; Ion microprobe; Yellowstone; La Primavera; Rhyolite ID PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; U-TH DISEQUILIBRIUM; NEW-MEXICO; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; PERALKALINE RHYOLITES; RESIDENCE TIMES; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; LONG VALLEY; MAGMA AB Application of U-238-Th-230 disequilibrium dating of accessory minerals with contrasting stabilities and compositions can provide a unique perspective on magmatic evolution by placing the thermochemical evolution of magma within the framework of absolute time. Chevkinite, a Th-rich accessory mineral that occurs in peralkaline and metaluminous rhyolites, may be particularly useful as a chronometer of crystallization and differentiation because its composition may reflect the chemical changes of its host melt. Ion microprobe U-238-Th-230 dating of single chevkinite microphenocrysts from pre- and post-caldera La Primavera, Mexico, rhyolites yields model crystallization ages that are within 10's of k.y. of their corresponding K-Ar ages of ca. 125 ka to 85 ka, while chevkinite microphenocrysts from a post-caldera Yellowstone, USA, rhyolite yield a range of ages from ca. 110 ka to 250 ka, which is indistinguishable from the age distribution of coexisting zircon. Internal chevkinite-zircon isochrons from La Primavera yield Pleistocene ages with similar to 5% precision due to the nearly two order difference in Th/U between both minerals. Coupling chevkinite U-238-Th-230 ages and compositional analyses reveals a secular trend of Th/U and rare earth elements recorded in Yellowstone rhyolite, likely reflecting progressive compositional evolution of host magma. The relatively short timescale between chevkinite-zircon crystallization and eruption suggests that crystal-poor rhyolites at La Primavera were erupted shortly after differentiation and/or reheating. These results indicate that U-238-Th-230 dating of chevkinite via ion microprobe analysis may be used to date crystallization and chemical evolution of silicic magmas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vazquez, Jorge A.; Bleick, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94028 USA. [Velasco, Noel O.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Geol Sci, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Schmitt, Axel K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stelten, Mark E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vazquez, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94028 USA. EM jvazquez@usgs.gov; axelk@argon.ess.ucla.edu; hbleick@usgs.gov; mestelten@ucdavis.edu RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [GEO-0503609]; Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation FX The U.S. Geological Survey and National Science Foundation award GEO-0503609 supported this research. The ion microprobe facility at UCLA is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. We are grateful to Cristo Ramirez for the assistance during sample collection at La Primavera. We thank Brad Ito, George Jarzebinski, Frank Kyte, and Robert Oscarson for their technical assistance and instrument maintenance, and also Andy Calvert, Calvin Miller, and Anonymous for their manuscript reviews. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 18 PY 2014 VL 390 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.020 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU2IX UT WOS:000345442400010 ER PT J AU Cheriton, OM McPhee-Shaw, EE Storlazzi, CD Rosenberger, KJ Shaw, WJ Raanan, BY AF Cheriton, Olivia M. McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. Storlazzi, Curt D. Rosenberger, Kurt J. Shaw, William J. Raanan, Ben Y. TI Upwelling rebound, ephemeral secondary pycnoclines, and the creation of a near-bottom wave guide over the Monterey Bay continental shelf SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE upwelling; internal waves of elevation; near-bed pycnocline; continental shelf; Monterey Bay ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; SUBMARINE-CANYON; INNER-SHELF; TIDES; STRATIFICATION; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB Several sequential upwelling events were observed in fall 2012, using measurements from the outer half of the continental shelf in Monterey Bay, during which the infiltration of dense water onto the shelf created a secondary, near-bottom pycnocline. This deep pycnocline existed in concert with the near-surface pycnocline and enabled the propagation of near-bottom, cold, semidiurnal internal tidal bores, as well as energetic, high-frequency, nonlinear internal waves of elevation (IWOE). The IWOE occurred within 20m of the bottom, had amplitudes of 8-24m, periods of 6-45min, and depth-integrated energy fluxes up to 200Wm(-1). Iribarren numbers (<0.03) indicate that these IWOE were nonbreaking in this region of the shelf. These observations further demonstrate how regional upwelling dynamics and the resulting bulk, cross-margin hydrography is a first-order control on the ability of internal waves, at tidal and higher frequencies, to propagate through continental shelf waters. C1 [Cheriton, Olivia M.; Storlazzi, Curt D.; Rosenberger, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McPhee-Shaw, Erika E.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA USA. [Shaw, William J.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Raanan, Ben Y.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Cheriton, OM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ocheriton@usgs.gov OI Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0961810]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant OCE0961810 to McPhee-Shaw, Bellingham, Shaw, and Stanton) and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank C. Hunter, T. Elfers, P. Dal Ferro, J. White, and J. Ferreira for deployment support. We are grateful to M. McManus at the University of Hawaii at Manoa for loaning us the autonomous profiler. J. Sevadjian (MLML) provided helpful discussions. B. Edwards and J. Reid supplied the mud belt sediment distribution data shown in Figure 1, and N. Golden assisted with the mapping of these data. We thank the captain and crews of the R/V Pt Sur. We are grateful to C. Sherwood for an initial review of the manuscript, and to B. Weller and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Use of trademark names does not imply U.S. government endorsement of product. The USGS data sets presented herein can be obtained by sending a written request to the corresponding author. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8503 EP 8511 DI 10.1002/2014GL061897 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000046 ER PT J AU Oster, RJ Wijesinghe, RU Haack, SK Fogarty, LR Tucker, TR Riley, SC AF Oster, Ryan J. Wijesinghe, Rasanthi U. Haack, Sheridan K. Fogarty, Lisa R. Tucker, Taaja R. Riley, Stephen C. TI Bacterial Pathogen Gene Abundance and Relation to Recreational Water Quality at Seven Great Lakes Beaches SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; FRESH-WATER; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; NEARSHORE WATER; ALGA CLADOPHORA; SAND; SHIGELLA AB Quantitative assessment of bacterial pathogens, their geographic variability, and distribution in various matrices at Great Lakes beaches are limited. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to test for genes from E. coli O157:H7 ((eae)O157), shiga-toxin producing E. coli (stx2), Campylobacter jejuni (mapA), Shigella spp. (ipaH), and a Salmonella enterica-specific (SE) DNA sequence at seven Great Lakes beaches, in algae, water, and sediment. Overall, detection frequencies were mapA>stx2>ipaH>SE>(eae)O157. Results were highly variable among beaches and matrices; some correlations with environmental conditions were observed for mapA, stx2, and ipaH detections. Beach seasonal mean mapA abundance in water was correlated with beach seasonal mean log10 E. coli concentration. At one beach, stx2 gene abundance was positively correlated with concurrent daily E. coli concentrations. Concentration distributions for stx2, ipaH, and mapA within algae, sediment, and water were statistically different (Non-Detect and Data Analysis in R). Assuming 10, 50, or 100% of gene copies represented viable and presumably infective cells, a quantitative microbial risk assessment tool developed by Michigan State University indicated a moderate probability of illness for Campylobacter jejuni at the study beaches, especially where recreational water quality criteria were exceeded. Pathogen gene quantification may be useful for beach water quality management. C1 [Oster, Ryan J.; Wijesinghe, Rasanthi U.; Haack, Sheridan K.; Fogarty, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Tucker, Taaja R.] CSS Dynamac, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Oster, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM oste0157@d.umn.edu OI Tucker, Taaja/0000-0003-1534-4677 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The authors would like to acknowledge the beach monitors who collected samples. We thank Joe Duris and Erin Stelzer for data and manuscript reviews. We express gratitude to Lori Fuller for assisting with GIS and to Alex Totten and Heather Johnson for their assistance in the laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14148 EP 14157 DI 10.1021/es5038657 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100013 PM 25423586 ER PT J AU Gonneea, ME Charette, MA AF Gonneea, Meagan Eagle Charette, Matthew A. TI Hydrologic Controls on Nutrient Cycling in an Unconfined Coastal Aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; WAQUOIT BAY; NITROGEN; WATER; SEA; OCEAN; DENITRIFICATION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION AB Groundwater is an important pathway for terrestrially derived nutrients to enter the coastal ocean. In coastal aquifers, groundwater transits the subterranean estuary, a region of sharp gradients in redox conditions and the availability of reactants. In one such system (Waquoit Bay, MA, USA), we observed more than a doubling of the groundwater-associated nitrogen flux to surface water during the summer compared to winter due primarily to a reduction in nitrogen attenuation within the subterranean estuary. Because marine groundwater intrusion has been shown to increase during the summer, we calculate a greater contribution of recycled nutrients from the coastal ocean to the subterranean estuary. We posit that the longer residence times within the subterranean estuary during the winter, which would result from reduced marine groundwater circulation, allow oxygen depletion of the groundwater, creating a favorable environment for important nutrient transformations such as nitrification, denitrification, and anammox. The timing of nutrient delivery to the coastal ocean has important implications for coastal marine ecology including the potential development of harmful algal blooms. C1 [Gonneea, Meagan Eagle; Charette, Matthew A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gonneea, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mgonneea@whoi.edu RI Charette, Matthew/I-9495-2012 FU NSF Chemical Oceanography program [OCE- 0425061, OCE-0751525]; NDSEG; Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work is a result of research sponsored by the NSF Chemical Oceanography program (OCE- 0425061 and OCE-0751525 to M.A.C.) and an NDSEG graduate fellowship (to M.E.G.). This research was conducted in the National Estuarine Reserve System under an, award (to M.E.G.) from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14178 EP 14185 DI 10.1021/es503313t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100016 PM 25401958 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Clow, DW Baron, JS Wetherbee, GA AF Mast, M. Alisa Clow, David W. Baron, Jill S. Wetherbee, Gregory A. TI Links between N Deposition and Nitrate Export from a High-Elevation Watershed in the Colorado Front Range SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; INSECT DEFOLIATION; CRITICAL LOADS; UNITED-STATES; SNOW DEPTH; USA AB Long-term patterns of stream nitrate export and atmospheric N deposition were evaluated over three decades in Loch Vale, a high-elevation watershed in the Colorado Front Range. Stream nitrate concentrations increased in the early 1990s, peaked in the mid-2000s, and have since declined by over 40%, coincident with trends in nitrogen oxide emissions over the past decade. Similarities in the timing and magnitude of N deposition provide evidence that stream chemistry is responding to changes in atmospheric deposition. The response to deposition was complicated by a drought in the early 2000s that enhanced N export for several years. Other possible explanations, including forest disturbance, snow depth, or permafrost melting, could not explain patterns in N export. Our results show that stream chemistry responds rapidly to changes in N deposition in high-elevation watersheds, similar to the response observed to changes in sulfur deposition. C1 [Mast, M. Alisa; Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wetherbee, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program; USGS Western Mountain Initiative Program; National Science Foundation FX This research was funded by the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program and the USGS Western Mountain Initiative Program. The individuals who assisted with sample collection, laboratory analysis, and data management over the nearly three decades of monitoring are too many to list, but we are thankful to all who helped build and maintain the extraordinary long-term record at Loch Vale. Data for the C1 climate station were provided by the National Science Foundation supported Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station. Douglas Burns and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14258 EP 14265 DI 10.1021/es502461k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100025 PM 25383864 ER PT J AU Dauer, JM Perakis, SS AF Dauer, Jenny M. Perakis, Steven S. TI Calcium oxalate contribution to calcium cycling in forests of contrasting nutrient status SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calcium cycling; Calcium oxalate; Exchangeable calcium; Leaf litter decomposition; Soil nutrients; Microbial degradation ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR; LEAF-LITTER; DECOMPOSING LEAF; ORGANIC-ACIDS; ROT FUNGI; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; RELEASE AB Calcium oxalate (Ca oxalate) is an insoluble biomineral that forms in plants and fungi, and occurs in soils across many types of ecosystems. Assessing how Ca oxalate may shape ecosystem Ca cycling requires information on the distribution of Ca oxalate among plant biomass, detritus, and mineral soil, and how it varies with ecosystem Ca status. We compared two Douglas-fir forests of contrasting ecosystem Ca availability, and found that Ca oxalate was partitioned similarly among plant biomass, detritus and mineral soil major ecosystem compartments at both sites, and total pools of Ca oxalate were greater in the high-Ca forest. However, the proportional importance of Ca oxalate was greater in the low-Ca than high-Ca forest (18% versus 4% of actively cycling ecosystem Ca, respectively). And calcium oxalate in mineral soil, which is of particular interest as a potential long-term Ca reservoir, was a larger portion of total available Ca (exchangeable Ca plus Ca oxalate Ca) in the low-Ca site than the high-Ca site (9% versus 1% of available soil Ca, respectively). Calcium oxalate was the dominant form of Ca returned from plants to soil as leaf litterfall at the high-Ca site, yet calcium oxalate disappeared rapidly from decomposing litter (0.28 yr(-1) or faster) at both sites. We conclude that accumulation of Ca oxalate in forest ecosystems appears most closely related to overall Ca supply for live biomass pools, and that the accumulation of Ca oxalate in forest floor and mineral soil is limited by rapid microbial degradation of putatively unavailable Ca oxalate. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dauer, Jenny M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dauer, JM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jenny.dauer@unl.edu FU NSF-DEB [0346837] FX We thank Christina Catricala, Aaron Thiel and Danielle Heston for technical, laboratory and field work assistance. This research was supported by NSF-DEB 0346837. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 334 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.029 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY7KR UT WOS:000347739700007 ER PT J AU Gee, HKW King, SL Keim, RF AF Gee, Hugo K. W. King, Sammy L. Keim, Richard F. TI Tree growth and recruitment in a leveed floodplain forest in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Floodplain; Hydrology; Canopy disturbance; Dendrochronology; Quercus lyrata; Celtis laevigata ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; WISCONSIN RIVER; RADIAL-GROWTH; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DAM; BALDCYPRESS AB Flooding is a defining disturbance in floodplain forests affecting seed germination, seedling establishment, and tree growth. Globally, flood control, including artificial levees, dams, and channelization has altered flood regimes in floodplains. However, a paucity of data are available in regards to the long-term effects of levees on stand establishment and tree growth in floodplain forests. In this study, we used dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct tree recruitment and tree growth over a 90-year period at three stands within a ring levee in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MAV) and to evaluate whether recruitment patterns and tree growth changed following levee construction. We hypothesized that: (1) sugarberry is increasing in dominance and overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) is becoming less dominant since the levee, and that changes in hydrology are playing a greater role than canopy disturbance in these changes in species dominance; and (2) that overcup oak growth has declined following construction of the levee and cessation of overbank flooding whereas that of sugarberry has increased. Recruitment patterns shifted from flood-tolerant overcup oak to flood-intolerant sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) after levee construction. None of the 122 sugarberry trees cored in this study established prior to the levee, but it was the most common species established after the levee. The mechanisms behind the compositional change are unknown, however, the cosmopolitan distribution of overcup oak during the pre-levee period and sugarberry during the post-levee period, the lack of sugarberry establishment in the pre-levee period, and the confinement of overcup oak regeneration to the lowest areas in each stand after harvest in the post-levee period indicate that species-specific responses to flooding and light availability are forcing recruitment patterns. Overcup oak growth was also affected by levee construction, but in contrast to our hypothesis, growth actually increased for several decades before declining during a drought in the late 1990s. We interpret this result as removal of flood stress following levee construction. This finding emphasizes the fact that flooding can be stressful to trees regardless of their flood tolerance and that growth in floodplain trees can be sustained provided adequate soil moisture is present, regardless of the source of soil moisture. However, future research efforts should focus on the long-term effect of hydrologic modification on stand development and on how hydrologic modifications, such as elimination of surface flooding and groundwater declines, affect the vulnerability of floodplain forests to drought. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gee, Hugo K. W.; Keim, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] US Geol Survey, LSU Agr Ctr, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Gee, HKW (reprint author), 7 2323 Oakmoor Dr SW, Calgary, AB T2V 4T2, Canada. EM hugogee@hotmail.com FU Arkansas Game and Fish-Commission; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit FX Funding was provided by the Arkansas Game and Fish-Commission, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit. We appreciate the assistance of numerous field and laboratory technicians. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 334 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.024 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY7KR UT WOS:000347739700009 ER PT J AU Andruk, CM Schwope, C Fowler, NL AF Andruk, Christina M. Schwope, Carl Fowler, Norma L. TI The joint effects of fire and herbivory on hardwood regeneration in central Texas woodlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire suppression; Juniper; Oak; Odocoileus virginianus; Prescribed fire; Mesophication ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; RED OAK; QUERCUS-BUCKLEYI; ACORN PRODUCTION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; EDWARDS PLATEAU; NORTH-AMERICA; ASHE JUNIPER AB Oaks (Querats spp.) are not regenerating in forests and woodlands in central Texas and elsewhere. This has been attributed to fire suppression. However, overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can also limit oak regeneration. We hypothesized that both fire re-introduction and protection from deer would increase the number and growth of hardwood seedlings, saplings, and sprouts in a central Texas woodland co-dominated by Texas red oak (Quercus buckleyi) and Ashe juniper (funiperus ashei). We measured the separate and joint effects of prescribed fire and deer herbivory on the number, size, and growth of Ashe juniper and hardwoods, tree mortality, and canopy cover. We collected data one year before and three years after deer-fence construction and a prescribed fire. Fire stimulated re-sprouting in oak and other hardwoods, but had no detectable effect on their seedlings or saplings, even three years later. Deer exclusion increased the number of seedlings transitioning to the sapling size class. Both fire and deer exclusion together were required to increase average sprout height above the browseline. The apparent adaptations of native hardwoods to fire are the strongest evidence we have for an important role for fire pre-settlement. Our results also indicate that fire suppression in central Texas and other parts of the south-central US is causing a shift, not to more mesic-adapted species as observed in the eastern US, but to juniper (funiperus spp.), which is at least as xeric-adapted as oak. Therefore, thinking about the "oak regeneration problem" needs to be expanded beyond "mesophication" to incorporate the shift to juniper in drier regions. It is likely that deer control is necessary to allow fire to have positive effects on the regeneration of oaks and other hardwoods in this region and wherever deer are over-abundant. Moreover, the negative effects of deer herbivory on oak growth may partially account for reported failures of single fires alone to promote hardwood regeneration elsewhere. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Andruk, Christina M.; Fowler, Norma L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Schwope, Carl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Balcones Canyonlands Natl Wildlife Refuge, Marble Falls, TX 78654 USA. RP Andruk, CM (reprint author), Albright Coll, Dept Biol, Reading, PA 19610 USA. EM candruk@utexas.edu; carl_schwope@fws.gov; nfowler@austin.utexas.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Texas EEB Graduate Program FX US Fish and Wildlife Service and University of Texas EEB Graduate Program provided funding. We thank Deborah Holle, Scott Rowin, and Jim Mueller (BCNWR staff) for logistical support. Also thanks to Patricia Brignoni, Frieda Kay, Colleen McCarthy, Travis Bartholomew, and Rebecca Lin for help in collecting data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for substantially improving the quality of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 334 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.037 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY7KR UT WOS:000347739700020 ER PT J AU West, DR Briggs, JS Jacobi, WR Negron, JF AF West, Daniel R. Briggs, Jennifer S. Jacobi, William R. Negron, Jose F. TI Mountain pine beetle-caused mortality over eight years in two pine hosts in mixed-conifer stands of the southern Rocky Mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest disturbance; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Host selection; Hopkins' Host Selection Principle; Lodgepole pine; Ponderosa pine ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; TREE MORTALITY; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; BARK BEETLES; EXPANSION AB Eruptive mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) populations have caused widespread mortality of pines throughout western North America since the late 1990s. Early work by AD. Hopkins suggested that when alternate host species are available, MPB will prefer to breed in the host to which it has become adapted. In Colorado, epidemic MPB populations that originated in lodgepole pine expanded into mixed-conifer stands containing ponderosa pine, a related host. We evaluated the susceptibility of both hosts to successful MPB colonization in a survey of 19 sites in pine-dominated mixed-conifer stands spanning 140 km of the Front Range, CO, USA. In each of three 0.2-ha plots at each site, we (1) assessed trees in the annual flights of 2008-2011 to compare MPB-caused mortality between lodgepole and ponderosa pine; (2) recorded previous MPB-caused tree mortality from 2004-2007 to establish baseline mortality levels; and (3) measured characteristics of the stands (e.g. tree basal area) and sites (e.g. elevation, aspect) that might be correlated with MPB colonization. Uninfested average live basal area of lodgepole and ponderosa pine was 74% of total basal area before 2004. We found that for both species, annual percent basal area of attacked trees was greatest in one year (2009), and was lower in all other years (2004-2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011). Both pine species had similar average total mortality of 38-39% by 2011. Significant predictors of ponderosa pine mortality in a given year were basal area of uninfested ponderosa pine and the previous year's mortality levels in both ponderosa and lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pine mortality was predicted by uninfested basal areas of both lodgepole and ponderosa pine, and the previous year's lodgepole pine mortality. These results indicate host selection by MPB from lodgepole pine natal hosts into ponderosa pine the following year, but not the reverse. In both species, diameters of attacked trees within each year were similar, and were progressively smaller the last four years of the study period. Our results suggest that, in contrast to previous reports, ponderosa and lodgepole pine were equally susceptible to MPB infestation in the CO Front Range during our study period. This suggests that forest managers may anticipate similar impacts in both hosts during similar environmental conditions when epidemic-level MPB populations are active in mixed-pine stands. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [West, Daniel R.; Jacobi, William R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Briggs, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Negron, Jose F.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP West, DR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, C202 Plant Sci Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM drwest73@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey's Land Change Science Program in the Climate and Land Use Mission Area; Colorado State Forest Service; Boulder County Parks and Open Space; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was funded in part by the US Geological Survey's Land Change Science Program in the Climate and Land Use Mission Area, Colorado State Forest Service, Boulder County Parks and Open Space, and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank the US Forest Service, Arapaho-Roosevelt NF, the US National Park Service, Boulder County Parks and Open Space, and Colorado State Parks and Wildlife for access to sampling sites. We thank James zumBrunnen and the Franklin A. Graybill Statistical Laboratory, Colorado State University, for statistical consultation and guidance. We appreciate helpful comments from two anonymous journal reviewers, Mike Battaglia, and Dave Leatherman on a previous draft of the manuscript, and guidance from Craig Allen throughout the study. We thank the field technicians Kevin Miller, Zach Wehr, Jake Thomsen, Paul Cigan, Brison Bishop, Justin Pomeranz, Eric Eden, Tim Mapoles, Patrick Flynn, and Peter Pavlowich for tireless data collection and meticulous record keeping. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 334 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.012 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY7KR UT WOS:000347739700032 ER PT J AU Valentine, BJ Hackley, PC Enomoto, CB Bove, AM Dulong, FT Lohr, CD Scott, KR AF Valentine, Brett J. Hackley, Paul C. Enomoto, Catherine B. Bove, Alana M. Dulong, Frank T. Lohr, Celeste D. Scott, Krystina R. TI Reprint of "Organic petrology of the Aptian-age section in the downdip Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, Mississippi, USA: Observations and preliminary implications for thermal maturation history" SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solid bitumen; Organic petrology; Thermal maturity; Mississippi Interior Salt Basin; Aptian ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CRETACEOUS STRATA; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOURCE ROCKS; SHALE; LOUISIANA; PYROLYSIS; TEXAS; AREA; OIL AB This study identifies a thermal maturity anomaly within the downdip Mississippi Interior Salt Basin (MISB) of southern Mississippi, USA, through examination of bitumen reflectance data from Aptian-age strata (Sligo Formation, Pine Island Shale, James Limestone, and Rodessa Formation). U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reconnaissance investigations conducted in 2011-2012 examined Aptian-age thermal maturity trends across the onshore northern Gulf of Mexico region and indicated that the section in the downdip MISB is approaching the wet gas/condensate window (R-o similar to 1.2%). A focused study in 2012-2013 used 6 whole core, one sidewall core, and 49 high-graded cutting samples (depth range of 13,000-16,500 ft [3962.4-5029.2 m] below surface) collected from 15 downdip MISS wells for mineralogy, fluid inclusion, organic geochemistry, and organic petrographic analysis. Based on native solid bitumen reflectance (R-o generally >0.8%; interpreted to be post-oil indigenous bitumens matured in situ), R-o values increase regionally across the MISB from the southeast to the northwest. Thermal maturity in the eastern half of the basin (R-o range 1.0 to 125%) appears to be related to present-day burial depth and shows a gradual increase with respect to depth. To the west, thermal maturity continues to increase even as the Aptian section shallows structurally on the Adams County High (R-o range 1.4 to >1.8%). After evaluating the possible thermal agents responsible for increasing maturity at shallower depths (i.e., igneous activity, proximity to salt, variations in regional heat flux, and uplift), we tentatively propose that either greater paleoheat flow or deeper burial coupled with uplift in the western part of the MISB could be responsible for the thermal maturity anomaly. Further research and additional data are needed to determine the cause(s) of the thermal anomaly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valentine, Brett J.; Hackley, Paul C.; Enomoto, Catherine B.; Bove, Alana M.; Dulong, Frank T.; Lohr, Celeste D.; Scott, Krystina R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Valentine, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bvalentine@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 136 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2014.10.008 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA AY5DQ UT WOS:000347593800004 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Meyer, BM Rangoonwala, A Overton, E Jones, CE Bannister, T AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Meyer, Buffy M. Rangoonwala, Amina Overton, Edward Jones, Cathleen E. Bannister, Terri TI Oil source-fingerprinting in support of polarimetric radar mapping of Macondo-252 oil in Gulf Coast marshes SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil source-fingerprinting; Diagnostic ratio analysis; Wetland oil contamination; Radar detection of oil occurrence; Deepwater Horizon oil spill event ID SPILL; PERSISTENCE; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; BIOMARKERS; SAR AB Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PoISAR) data exhibited dramatic, spatially extensive changes from June 2009 to June 2010 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To determine whether these changes were associated with the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, twenty-nine sediment samples were collected in 2011 from shoreline and nearshore-interior coastal marsh locations where oil was not observed visually or with optical sensors during the spill. Oil source-fingerprinting and polytopic vector analysis were used to link DWH oil to PoISAR changes. Our results prove that DWH oil extended beyond shorelines and confirm the association between presence of DWH oil and PoISAR change. These results show that the DWH oil spill probably affected much more of the southeastern Louisiana marshland than originally concluded from ground and aerial surveys and verify that PoISAR is a powerful tool for tracking oil intrusion into marshes with high probability even where contamination is not visible from above the canopy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Meyer, Buffy M.; Overton, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bannister, Terri] Univ Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov FU NASA-United States [11-TE11-104]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Research was supported in part by NASA-United States Grant #11-TE11-104 and was carried-out in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.032 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY3PG UT WOS:000347494700026 PM 25455375 ER PT J AU McFadden, KW Gomez, A Sterling, EJ Naro-Maciel, E AF McFadden, Katherine W. Gomez, Andres Sterling, Eleanor J. Naro-Maciel, Eugenia TI Potential impacts of historical disturbance on green turtle health in the unique & protected marine ecosystem of Palmyra Atoll (Central Pacific) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Contaminant; Health; Marine turtles; Palmyra Atoll; Plasma biochemistry; Toxicants ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; TRACE-METALS; CORAL-REEFS; BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY; HEAVY-METALS; ISLANDS; TISSUES; LINE; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS AB Palmyra Atoll, in the Central Pacific, is a unique marine ecosystem because of its remarkably intact food web and limited anthropogenic stressors. However during World War II the atoll was structurally reconfigured into a military installation and questions remain whether this may have impacted the health of the atoll's ecosystems and species. To address the issue we assessed green sea turtle (n = 157) health and exposure to contaminants at this foraging ground from 2008 to 2012. Physical exams were performed and blood was sampled for testosterone analysis, plasma biochemistry analysis, hematology and heavy metal exposure. Hematological and plasma chemistries were consistent with concentrations reported for healthy green turtles. Heavy metal screenings revealed low concentrations of most metals, except for high concentrations of iron and aluminum. Body condition indices showed that <1% of turtles had poor body condition. In this study, we provide the first published blood values for a markedly healthy sea turtle population at a remote Central Pacific Atoll. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McFadden, Katherine W.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [McFadden, Katherine W.; Sterling, Eleanor J.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Naro-Maciel, Eugenia] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Gomez, Andres] ICF Int, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP McFadden, KW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM Icwm6@clemson.edu; sterling@amnh.org; Eugenia.NaroMaciel@csi.cuny.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This research was approved by the American Museum of Natural History's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), under permits authorized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/NMFS Permit #10027) as well as the USFWS (Special Use Permit #12533-08013, #12533-09018, #12533-10008, #12533-11008). The research was supported in part by funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We thank the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium, The Nature Conservancy and USFWS for facilitating this research. This is Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium publication number PARC-0108. We thank the following people for facilitating and supporting this research: F. Arengo, G. Balazs, A. Clarry, P. Ersts, A. Farkas, P. Farkas, K. Frey, J. Keller, K. Maison, D. McCauley, O. Pineda, M. Rice, the Telljohann family, J. VanderVeur, E. Vintinner-Betley, and T. Work. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.012 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY3PG UT WOS:000347494700034 PM 25455822 ER PT J AU Goode, DJ Imbrigiotta, TE Lacombe, PJ AF Goode, Daniel J. Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. Lacombe, Pierre J. TI High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: Depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichloroethene; Dichloroethene; Vinyl chloride; Lockatong Formation; Newark Basin; Bedding-plane fractures; Monitored natural attenuation (MNA); DNAPL; Site conceptual model; Methanol extraction ID NEWARK BASIN; GROUND-WATER; NEW-JERSEY; CARBON; HYDROGEOLOGY; DIFFUSION AB Synthesis of rock-core sampling and chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) analysis at five coreholes, with hydraulic and water-quality monitoring and a detailed hydrogeologic framework, was used to characterize the fine-scale distribution of CVOCs in dipping, fractured mudstones of the Lockatong Formation of Triassic age, of the Newark Basin in West Trenton, New Jersey. From these results, a refined conceptual model for more than 55 years of migration of CVOCs and depth- and strata-dependent rock-matrix contamination was developed. Industrial use of trichloroethene (TCE) at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) from 1953 to 1995 resulted in dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE and dissolved TCE and related breakdown products, including other CVOCs, in underlying mudstones. Shallow highly weathered and fractured strata overlie unweathered, gently dipping, fractured strata that become progressively less fractured with depth. The unweathered lithology includes black highly fractured (fissile) carbon-rich strata, gray mildly fractured thinly layered (laminated) strata, and light-gray weakly fractured massive strata. CVOC concentrations in water samples pumped from the shallow weathered and highly fractured strata remain elevated near residual DNAPL ICE, but dilution by uncontaminated recharge, and other natural and engineered attenuation processes, have substantially reduced concentrations along flow paths removed from sources and residual DNAPL CVOCs also were detected in most rock-core samples in source areas in shallow wells. In many locations, lower aqueous concentrations, compared to rock core concentrations, suggest that CVOCs are presently back-diffusing from the rock matrix. Below the weathered and highly fractured strata, and to depths of at least 50 meters (m), groundwater flow and contaminant transport is primarily in bedding-plane-oriented fractures in thin fissile high-carbon strata, and in fractured, laminated strata of the gently dipping mudstones. Despite more than 18 years of pump and treat (P&T) remediation, and natural attenuation processes, CVOC concentrations in aqueous samples pumped from these deeper strata remain elevated in isolated intervals. DNAPL was detected in one borehole during coring at a depth of 27 m. In contrast to core samples from the weathered zone, concentrations in core samples from deeper unweathered and unfractured strata are typically below detection. However, high CVOC concentrations were found in isolated samples from fissile black carbon-rich strata and fractured gray laminated strata. Aqueous-phase concentrations were correspondingly high in samples pumped from these strata via short-interval wells or packer-isolated zones in long boreholes. A refined conceptual site model considers that prior to P&T remediation groundwater flow was primarily subhorizontal in the higher-permeability near surface strata, and the bulk of contaminant mass was shallow. CVOCs diffused into these fractured and weathered mudstones. DNAPL and high concentrations of CVOCs migrated slowly down in deeper unweathered strata, primarily along isolated dipping bedding-plane fractures. After P&T began in 1995, using wells open to both shallow and deep strata, downward transport of dissolved CVOCs accelerated. Diffusion of TCE and other CVOCs from deeper fractures penetrated only a few centimeters into the unweathered rock matrix, likely due to sorption of CVOCs on rock organic carbon. Remediation in the deep, unweathered strata may benefit from the relatively limited migration of CVOCs into the rock matrix. Synthesis of rock core sampling from closely spaced boreholes with geophysical logging and hydraulic testing improves understanding of the controls on CVOC delineation and informs remediation design and monitoring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goode, Daniel J.; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.; Lacombe, Pierre J.] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Goode, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM djgoode@usgs.gov; timbrig@usgs.gov; placombe@usgs.gov OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1555]; U.S. Navy FX This study was part of the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program project "Chlorinated Solvents in Fractured Sedimentary Rock" and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program project ER-1555. We are grateful for the support of the U.S. Navy and Jeffery M. Dale, Remedial Project Manager. We thank the U.S. Navy's contractors (EA Engineering, Science and Technology Inc.; International Technology Corp.; ECOR Solutions Inc.; Geosyntec Consultants Inc.; Watermark Environmental Inc.) for providing water-quality monitoring data. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of our many colleagues at USGS, as well as research partners at other institutions, with whom we conducted field work, and discussed the data, interpretations and conceptual model herein. We additionally acknowledge the National Association of Geosciences Teachers/USGS Cooperative Field Training Program interns who contributed to this study, especially Steven Walker, Matthew A Miller, and Christopher L Leach. We thank Michelle M. Lorah, USGS, for her helpful review, and acknowledge the suggestions from the two journal reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 171 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AW6RO UT WOS:000346396400001 PM 25461882 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JK Hooge, PN Taggart, SJ Seitz, AC AF Nielsen, Julie K. Hooge, Philip N. Taggart, S. James Seitz, Andrew C. TI Characterizing Pacific halibut movement and habitat in a Marine Protected Area using net squared displacement analysis methods SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Movement ecology; Home range; Site fidelity; Net Squared Displacement; Dispersal; Marine Protected Area; Flatfish; Pacific halibut ID LINGCOD OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; FEEDING SITE FIDELITY; SHALLOW ROCKY REEFS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS; GLACIER BAY; HOMING ROUTES; ARCHIVAL TAGS; RANDOM-WALK; MIGRATION AB We characterized small-scale movement patterns and habitat of acoustic-tagged adult (68 to 220 cm total length) female Pacific halibut during summer and fall in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, a marine protected area (MPA). We used net squared displacement ana lysis methods to identify 2 movement states, characterize individual dispersal patterns, and relate habitat variables to movement scales. Movement states identified for 32 of 43 halibut consisted of (1) a non-dispersive 'residential' movement state (n = 27 fish), where movement was restricted to an average movement radius of 401.3 m (95% CI 312.2-515.9 m) over a median observation period of 58 d, and (2) a 'dispersive' movement state (n = 15 fish), where movements of up to 18 km occurred over a median observation period of 27 d. Some fish (n = 10) exhibited both movement states. Individual fish demonstrated primarily non-random dispersal patterns including home range (n = 17), site fidelity (return to previously occupied locations following forays, n = 6), and shifted home ranges (n = 5). However, we also observed a random dispersal pattern (n = 4) with an estimated mean +/- SE diffusion rate of 0.9 +/- 0.05 km(2) d(-1). Home range size increased with depth but not fish size. Home range locations were associated with heterogeneous habitat, intermediate tidal velocities, and depths <100 m. Observations of non-dispersive movement patterns, relatively small home ranges, and site fidelity for adult females suggest that MPAs such as Glacier Bay may have utility for conservation of Pacific halibut broodstock. C1 [Nielsen, Julie K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hooge, Philip N.; Taggart, S. James] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Seitz, Andrew C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Nielsen, JK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM julie.nielsen@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center; North Pacific Research Board; National Park Service FX We thank the National Park Service, the US Geological Survey, the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center, the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center, and the North Pacific Research Board for financial support of this project. Many people assisted with the fieldwork and data processing for this project, including Jim de La Bruere, Elizabeth Hooge, Gretchen Bishop, Liz Chilton, Caroline Dezan, Fritz Koschmann, Liz Solomon, and others. We thank Milo Adkison, Franz Mueter, Tim Loher, Susanne McDermott, Anne Beaudreau, Chad Soiseth, and Craig Murdoch for providing valuable advice and guidance on the manuscript. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 517 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.3354/meps11043 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW7CF UT WOS:000346421400018 ER PT J AU Hayden, TA Holbrook, CM Fielder, DG Vandergoot, CS Bergstedt, RA Dettmers, JM Krueger, CC Cooke, SJ AF Hayden, Todd A. Holbrook, Christopher M. Fielder, David G. Vandergoot, Christopher S. Bergstedt, Roger A. Dettmers, John M. Krueger, Charles C. Cooke, Steven J. TI Acoustic Telemetry Reveals Large-Scale Migration Patterns of Walleye in Lake Huron SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; GREAT-LAKES; SANDER-VITREUS; CHINOOK SALMON; PROGRAM MARK; ERIE; MOVEMENT; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB Fish migration in large freshwater lacustrine systems such as the Laurentian Great Lakes is not well understood. The walleye (Sander vitreus) is an economically and ecologically important native fish species throughout the Great Lakes. In Lake Huron walleye has recently undergone a population expansion as a result of recovery of the primary stock, stemming from changing food web dynamics. During 2011 and 2012, we used acoustic telemetry to document the timing and spatial scale of walleye migration in Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. Spawning walleye (n=199) collected from a tributary of Saginaw Bay were implanted with acoustic tags and their migrations were documented using acoustic receivers (n=140) deployed throughout U.S. nearshore waters of Lake Huron. Three migration pathways were described using multistate mark-recapture models. Models were evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion. Fish sex did not influence migratory behavior but did affect migration rate and walleye were detected on all acoustic receiver lines. Most (95%) tagged fish migrated downstream from the riverine tagging and release location to Saginaw Bay, and 37% of these fish emigrated from Saginaw Bay into Lake Huron. Remarkably, 8% of walleye that emigrated from Saginaw Bay were detected at the acoustic receiver line located farthest from the release location more than 350 km away. Most (64%) walleye returned to the Saginaw River in 2012, presumably for spawning. Our findings reveal that fish from this stock use virtually the entirety of U.S. nearshore waters of Lake Huron. C1 [Hayden, Todd A.; Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hayden, Todd A.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Holbrook, Christopher M.; Bergstedt, Roger A.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fish Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Hayden, TA (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd Ste 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM thayden@usgs.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [GL-00E23010-3]; Canada Research Chairs Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (http://www.glfc.org) by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010-3), Canada Research Chairs Program (SC), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (SC). NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114833 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114833 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW9WY UT WOS:000346607100026 PM 25506913 ER PT J AU Kreitler, J Stoms, DM Davis, FW AF Kreitler, Jason Stoms, David M. Davis, Frank W. TI Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Spatial conservation prioritization; Multifunctional agriculture; Conservation planning; Utility maximization; Central Valley; California; Farmland conservation ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; EFFICIENT CONSERVATION; LAND CONSERVATION; MAXIMIZING RETURN; SITE SELECTION; OPEN-SPACE; LANDSCAPE; INVESTMENT AB Quantitative methods of spatial conservation prioritization have traditionally been applied to issues in conservation biology and reserve design, though their use in other types of natural resource management is growing. The utility maximization problemis one formof a covering problemwheremultiple criteria can represent the expected social benefits of conservation action. This approach allows flexibility with a problem formulation that is more general than typical reserve design problems, though the solution methods are very similar. However, few studies have addressed optimization in utility maximization problems for conservation planning, and the effect of solution procedure is largely unquantified. Therefore, this study mapped five criteria describing elements of multifunctional agriculture to determine a hypothetical conservation resource allocation plan for agricultural land conservation in the Central Valley of CA, USA. We compared solution procedures within the utility maximization framework to determine the difference between an open source integer programming approach and a greedy heuristic, and find gains from optimization of up to 12%. We also model land availability for conservation action as a stochastic process and determine the decline in total utility compared to the globally optimal set using both solution algorithms. Our results are comparable to other studies illustrating the benefits of optimization for different conservation planning problems, and highlight the importance of maximizing the effectiveness of limited funding for conservation and natural resource management. C1 [Kreitler, Jason] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Stoms, David M.; Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kreitler, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkreitler@usgs.gov RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU National Research Initiative Grant from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Rural Development Program [2005-35401-15320]; USGS Land Change Science Program FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant no. 2005-35401-15320 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Rural Development Program, and the USGS Land Change Science Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 30 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD DEC 11 PY 2014 VL 2 AR UNSP e690 DI 10.7717/peerj.690 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5QZ UT WOS:000347628100002 PM 25538868 ER PT J AU Wittkop, C Teranes, J Lubenow, B Dean, WE AF Wittkop, Chad Teranes, Jane Lubenow, Brady Dean, Walter E. TI Carbon- and oxygen-stable isotopic signatures of methanogenesis, temperature, and water column stratification in Holocene siderite varves SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lacustrine; Siderite; Varves; Stable isotopes; Iron formation; Ferruginous lake ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; BILLION YEARS AGO; DIAGENETIC SIDERITE; IRON-FORMATION; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; TRANSVAAL SUPERGROUP; MEROMICTIC LAKE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Manganoan siderite ([Fe,Mn]CO3) occurs in abundance of up to 19% (dry weight) as the sole endogenic carbonate within a succession of Holocene, organic-rich, varved sediments from freshwater Otter Lake (OL), Michigan. Radiocarbon dating and varve counts from a 7-m piston core constrain periods of major siderite accumulation to sediments older than 1200 cal yr BP. Sediment petrography suggests that siderite was a seasonal precipitate confined to the summer layer of the varve couplet. Bulk-sediment chemistry reveals cycles in abundance of manganese and aluminum coincident with centennial-scale cycles of siderite accumulation. Siderite delta C-13 and delta O-18 are enriched when the mineral is abundant and depleted when it is least abundant. Samples with high abundance of siderite precipitated in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with modern lake water, but are delta C-13 enriched relative to modern waters. Samples from intervals of low siderite abundance are delta C-13 and delta O-18 depleted relative to equilibrium with modern lake water. These data suggest that abundant siderite precipitation occurred when the OL water column was ferruginous (iron meromictic), allowing for enhanced ferrous iron concentrations and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) enriched in delta C-13 below the chemocline, where methanogenesis in waters and sediments influenced DIC composition. Seasonal siderite precipitation was triggered by water column alkalinity fluctuations driven by summer calcite dissolution. Manganese substitution in siderite lowered kinetic barriers to low-temperature mineral precipitation. Climate changes and basin filling influenced lake stratification and the rate of siderite precipitation. The siderite occurrence reported here displays remarkable similarity to its occurrence in Paleogene maar lake deposits, suggesting that further studies of Holocene lacustrine siderites may provide insight into ancient sedimentary systems and environments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wittkop, Chad; Lubenow, Brady] Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. [Teranes, Jane] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lubenow, Brady] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Wittkop, C (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. EM chad.wittkop@mnsu.edu FU NSF-ATM [9980380]; NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program; Minnesota State University Undergraduate Research Foundation FX Erik Ekdahl, James Russell, Doug Schnurrenberger, and Andy Zimmer assisted in the field. Schnurrenberger and Russell also assisted in initial core description, discovered the siderite, and contributed to discussion. Lora Wingate performed stable isotopic analyses, and Tom Guilderson provided radiocarbon analyses and interpretation. Kristina Brady, Ryan Bonney, and Patricia Bordonaro assisted in laboratory analysis. Discussions with Thomas C. Johnson, Herb Wright, Mark Shapley, Amy Myrbo, Scott K. Clark, Christoph Geiss, Tim Ku, and Nate Lorentz benefited this work Fieldwork and initial sediment analysis was funded by NSF-ATM 9980380 to Schnurrenberger and Kerry Kelts, whose enthusiasm for lacustrine carbonates motivated this study. Comments from Lesleigh Anderson, Michael Bottcher, and four anonymous reviewers substantially improved this work. JT was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program, BL received Minnesota State University Undergraduate Research Foundation awards, and WED was supported by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program. NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 11 PY 2014 VL 389 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.09.016 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU2IR UT WOS:000345441900012 ER PT J AU Burlakova, LE Tulumello, BL Karatayev, AY Krebs, RA Schloesser, DW Paterson, WL Griffith, TA Scott, MW Crail, T Zanatta, DT AF Burlakova, Lyubov E. Tulumello, Brianne L. Karatayev, Alexander Y. Krebs, Robert A. Schloesser, Donald W. Paterson, Wendy L. Griffith, Traci A. Scott, Mariah W. Crail, Todd Zanatta, David T. TI Competitive Replacement of Invasive Congeners May Relax Impact on Native Species: Interactions among Zebra, Quagga, and Native Unionid Mussels SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; LAKE ST-CLAIR; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA PALLAS; GREAT-LAKES; COASTAL WETLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; LAWRENCE-RIVER; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIVALVES UNIONIDAE; AMBLEMA PLICATA AB Determining when and where the ecological impacts of invasive species will be most detrimental and whether the effects of multiple invaders will be superadditive, or subadditive, is critical for developing global management priorities to protect native species in advance of future invasions. Over the past century, the decline of freshwater bivalves of the family Unionidae has been greatly accelerated by the invasion of Dreissena. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current infestation rates of unionids by zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (D. rostriformis bugensis) mussels in the lower Great Lakes region 25 years after they nearly extirpated native unionids. In 2011-2012, we collected infestation data for over 4000 unionids from 26 species at 198 nearshore sites in lakes Erie, Ontario, and St. Clair, the Detroit River, and inland Michigan lakes and compared those results to studies from the early 1990s. We found that the frequency of unionid infestation by Dreissena recently declined, and the number of dreissenids attached to unionids in the lower Great Lakes has fallen almost ten-fold since the early 1990s. We also found that the rate of infestation depends on the dominant Dreissena species in the lake: zebra mussels infested unionids much more often and in greater numbers. Consequently, the proportion of infested unionids, as well as the number and weight of attached dreissenids were lower in waterbodies dominated by quagga mussels. This is the first large-scale systematic study that revealed how minor differences between two taxonomically and functionally related invaders may have large consequences for native communities they invade. C1 [Burlakova, Lyubov E.; Tulumello, Brianne L.; Karatayev, Alexander Y.; Paterson, Wendy L.] SUNY Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Burlakova, Lyubov E.] SUNY Buffalo, Res Fdn, Off Sponsored Programs, Buffalo, NY USA. [Krebs, Robert A.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Schloesser, Donald W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Paterson, Wendy L.; Griffith, Traci A.; Scott, Mariah W.; Zanatta, David T.] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Crail, Todd] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Burlakova, LE (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM burlakle@buffalostate.edu OI Krebs, Robert/0000-0003-3384-5870 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (US FWS) via the Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act (GLFWRA) [30191-A-G152]; NSF URM award [0731582]; Research Foundation of SUNY FX Funding support came from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (US FWS) via the Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act (GLFWRA, project #30191-A-G152). Support for B. Tulumello was also provided by an NSF URM award #0731582 to C. M. Pennuto (SUNY Buffalo State), and L. Burlakova was supported in part by Research Foundation of SUNY. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of GLFWRA, NSF, USGS, or SUNY RF. NR 102 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 71 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114926 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114926 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY3YM UT WOS:000347515300096 PM 25490103 ER PT J AU Klemetti, EW Clynne, MA AF Klemetti, Erik W. Clynne, Michael A. TI Localized Rejuvenation of a Crystal Mush Recorded in Zircon Temporal and Compositional Variation at the Lassen Volcanic Center, Northern California SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; TRACE-ELEMENT; THERMAL REJUVENATION; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; NEW-ZEALAND; CRUSTAL; BATHOLITH; CONSTRAINTS; TIMESCALES AB Zircon ages and trace element compositions from recent silicic eruptions in the Lassen Volcanic Center (LVC) allow for an evaluation of the timing and conditions of rejuvenation (reheating and mobilization of crystals) within the LVC magmatic system. The LVC is the southernmost active Cascade volcano and, prior to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, was the site of the only eruption in the Cascade arc during the last century. The three most recent silicic eruptions from the LVC were very small to moderate-sized lava flows and domes of dacite (1915 and 27 ka eruptions of Lassen Peak) and rhyodacite (1.1 ka eruption of Chaos Crags). These eruptions produced mixed and mingled lavas that contain a diverse crystal cargo, including zircon. U-238-Th-230 model ages from interior and surface analyses of zircon reveal ages from similar to 17 ka to secular equilibrium (>350 ka), with most zircon crystallizing during a period between similar to 60-200 ka. These data support a model for localized rejuvenation of crystal mush beneath the LVC. This crystal mush evidently is the remnant of magmatism that ended similar to 190 ka. Most zircon are thought to have been captured from "cold storage" in the crystal mush (670-725 degrees C, Hf.10,000 ppm, Eu/Eu* 0.25-0.4) locally remobilized by intrusion of mafic magma. A smaller population of zircon (>730 degrees C, Hf <10,000 ppm, Eu/Eu*>0.4) grew in, and are captured from, rejuvenation zones. These data suggest the dominant method to produce eruptible melt within the LVC is small-scale, local rejuvenation of the crystal mush accompanied by magma mixing and mingling. Based on zircon stability, the time required to heat, erupt and then cool to background conditions is relatively short, lasting a maximum of 10 s-1000 s years. Rejuvenation events in the LVC are ephemeral and permit eruption within an otherwise waning and cooling magmatic body. C1 [Klemetti, Erik W.] Denison Univ, Dept Geosci, Granville, OH 43023 USA. [Clynne, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Klemetti, EW (reprint author), Denison Univ, Dept Geosci, Granville, OH 43023 USA. EM klemettie@denison.edu FU National Science Foundation (EAR) [1250323]; Denison University Anderson Scholarship FX National Science Foundation (EAR # 1250323 to EWK) http://www.nsf.gov/. Denison University Anderson Scholarship (to EWK) http://www.denison.edu/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR UNSP e113157 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0113157 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA7WS UT WOS:000349128700015 PM 25470726 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ AF Van Metre, Peter C. Mahler, Barbara J. TI Response to Comment on "PAH Concentrations in Lake Sediment Decline Following Ban on Coal-Tar-Based Pavement Sealants in Austin, Texas" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEALCOAT C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 23 BP 14063 EP 14064 DI 10.1021/es5053107 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU7TN UT WOS:000345803800067 PM 25406593 ER PT J AU Hewson, I Button, JB Gudenkauf, BM Miner, B Newton, AL Gaydos, JK Wynne, J Groves, CL Hendler, G Murray, M Fradkin, S Breitbart, M Fahsbender, E Lafferty, KD Kilpatrick, AM Miner, CM Raimondi, P Lahner, L Friedman, CS Daniels, S Haulena, M Marliave, J Burge, CA Eisenlord, ME Harvell, CD AF Hewson, Ian Button, Jason B. Gudenkauf, Brent M. Miner, Benjamin Newton, Alisa L. Gaydos, Joseph K. Wynne, Janna Groves, Cathy L. Hendler, Gordon Murray, Michael Fradkin, Steven Breitbart, Mya Fahsbender, Elizabeth Lafferty, Kevin D. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Miner, C. Melissa Raimondi, Peter Lahner, Lesanna Friedman, Carolyn S. Daniels, Stephen Haulena, Martin Marliave, Jeffrey Burge, Colleen A. Eisenlord, Morgan E. Harvell, C. Drew TI Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE virus; Asteroidea; disease; densovirus; wasting ID OF-THORNS STARFISH; IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMICS; URCHIN AB Populations of at least 20 asteroid species on the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of sea-star (asteroid) wasting disease (SSWD). The disease leads to behavioral changes, lesions, loss of turgor, limb autotomy, and death characterized by rapid degradation ("melting"). Here, we present evidence from experimental challenge studies and field observations that link the mass mortalities to a densovirus (Parvoviridae). Virus-sized material (i.e., <0.2 mu m) from symptomatic tissues that was inoculated into asymptomatic asteroids consistently resulted in SSWD signs whereas animals receiving heat-killed (i.e., control) virus-sized inoculum remained asymptomatic. Viral metagenomic investigations revealed the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) as the most likely candidate virus associated with tissues from symptomatic asteroids. Quantification of SSaDV during transmission trials indicated that progression of SSWD paralleled increased SSaDV load. In field surveys, SSaDV loads were more abundant in symptomatic than in asymptomatic asteroids. SSaDV could be detected in plankton, sediments and in nonasteroid echinoderms, providing a possible mechanism for viral spread. SSaDV was detected in museum specimens of asteroids from 1942, suggesting that it has been present on the North American Pacific Coast for at least 72 y. SSaDV is therefore the most promising candidate disease agent responsible for asteroid mass mortality. C1 [Hewson, Ian; Button, Jason B.; Gudenkauf, Brent M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miner, Benjamin] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Newton, Alisa L.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Zool Hlth Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Gaydos, Joseph K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wynne, Janna] Calif Sci Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Groves, Cathy L.; Hendler, Gordon] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Murray, Michael] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Fradkin, Steven] Natl Parks Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Breitbart, Mya] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Miner, C. Melissa; Raimondi, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fahsbender, Elizabeth; Lahner, Lesanna] Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Friedman, Carolyn S.; Burge, Colleen A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Daniels, Stephen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Physiol & Neurobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Haulena, Martin; Marliave, Jeffrey] Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada. [Burge, Colleen A.; Eisenlord, Morgan E.; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hewson, I (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hewson@cornell.edu RI Breitbart, Mya/B-1366-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Breitbart, Mya/0000-0003-3210-2899; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797; Eisenlord, Morgan/0000-0002-9353-6642 FU David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (Cornell University); National Science Foundation [OCE-1401727]; Washington Sea Grant FX We thank Alice Nguyen, Armand Kuris, and Gretchen Hoffman [University of California (UC) Santa Barbara]; Elise Delaroque (UC Davis); Betsy Steele, Nathaniel Fletcher, Rani Gaddam, Melissa Redfield, Corianna Hume-Flannery, Sarah Sampson, Colin Gaylord, and Tristin McHugh (UC Santa Cruz); Steven Whittaker (National Parks Service); Stewart Johnson (Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Michael Garner (Northwest Zoopathology); Marina Krasnovid and Bryanda Wippel (University of Washington); Gene McKeen, Nate Schwarck, Jay Dimond, and Robert Boenish (Shannon Point Marine Center); Paul Hershberger [US Geological Survey (USGS) Marrowstone Island Laboratory]; Thierry Work (USGS); Sion Cahoon (Vancouver Aquarium); Kim Rotter (California Science Center); Allison Tuttle (Mystic Aquarium); Douglas Swanston and Neil McDaniel (Seacology Network); Shawn Larson and Bryan McNeil (Seattle Aquarium); Salvatore Frasca, Jr. (University of Connecticut); James Eaglesham, Sierra Helmann, Jacob Sangren (Cornell University); Rebecca Thurber (Oregon State University); and Laura James and Jan Kocian. Photographs in Fig. 1 B and C were provided by N. McDaniel. Research was supported by rapid response grants from the David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (Cornell University), National Science Foundation Grant OCE-1401727 (to I.H. and B.M.), and Washington Sea Grant (to C.M.M. and B.M.). NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 26 U2 214 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 48 BP 17278 EP 17283 DI 10.1073/pnas.1416625111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU9NN UT WOS:000345920800068 PM 25404293 ER PT J AU Villa, F Bagstad, KJ Voigt, B Johnson, GW Athanasiadis, IN Balbi, S AF Villa, Ferdinando Bagstad, Kenneth J. Voigt, Brian Johnson, Gary W. Athanasiadis, Ioannis N. Balbi, Stefano TI The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SERVICES C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voigt, Brian; Johnson, Gary W.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT USA. [Athanasiadis, Ioannis N.] Democritus Univ Thrace, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, GR-67100 Xanthi, Greece. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kjbagstad@usgs.gov OI Athanasiadis, Ioannis/0000-0003-2764-0078; Villa, Ferdinando/0000-0002-5114-3007 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 SI SI BP 52 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.00.003 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU6SD UT WOS:000363662700006 ER PT J AU Jayanthi, H Husak, GJ Funk, C Magadzire, T Adoum, A Verdin, JP AF Jayanthi, Harikishan Husak, Gregory J. Funk, Chris Magadzire, Tamuka Adoum, Alkhalil Verdin, James P. TI A probabilistic approach to assess agricultural drought risk to maize in Southern Africa and millet in Western Sahel using satellite estimated rainfall SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LA English DT Article DE Crop evapotranspiration; Satellite estimated rainfall; Water requirement satisfaction index; Vulnerability modeling; Return period; Loss exceedance probability curve; Gross domestic product ID YIELD RESPONSE; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; MODEL; SYSTEM; CORN AB Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction is a novel perspective of managing natural hazards. Risk analysis consists of four basic analytical modules - hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk to determine risk metrics. Risk metrics are losses corresponding to different return periods and their likelihood derived from stochastic evaluations of historical and simulated loss data - this process is called risk profiling for a given natural hazard in a given region. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) has been monitoring food security issues in the sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Central America and in Haiti. PEWS NET uses satellite based rainfall and climatic water demands to monitor moisture availability conditions for deriving food security status in Africa. This paper highlights the results of agricultural drought risk profiling analyses for maize in Malawi and Mozambique in Southern Africa, and for millet in Niger in West Sahel. Historical maize and millet yields have been analyzed to develop drought vulnerability models using the satellite rainfall based-water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) in the above countries. In view of the limited hazard and exposure data (2000 to present) long-term synthetic rainfall time series were generated. The loss exceedance probability (LEP) curves, return period losses and drought Frequency maps indicating district-level drought-proneness for the target crops in the selected countries have been generated. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jayanthi, Harikishan; Husak, Gregory J.; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Magadzire, Tamuka] SADC FANR, Gaborone, Botswana. [Adoum, Alkhalil] AGRHYMET, Sahel West Africa, Niamey, Niger. [Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jayanthi, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-4209 J9 INT J DISAST RISK RE JI Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 BP 490 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.002 PN B PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CM5NE UT WOS:000357734100009 ER PT J AU Ikezaki, Y Suyama, Y Middleton, BA Tsumura, Y Teshima, K Tachida, H Kusumi, J AF Ikezaki, Yuka Suyama, Yoshihisa Middleton, Beth A. Tsumura, Yoshihiko Teshima, Kousuke Tachida, Hidenori Kusumi, Junko TI Inference of the history and population structure of Taxodium distichum, a coniferous tree in North America, based on amplicon sequence analysis SO GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ikezaki, Yuka] Kyushu Univ, Dept Syst Life Sci, Lab Evolutionary Genet, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Suyama, Yoshihisa] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Field Sci Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Middleton, Beth A.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Tsumura, Yoshihiko] Forestry Forest Prod Res Inst, Laguna, Philippines. [Teshima, Kousuke; Tachida, Hidenori] Kyushu Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Kusumi, Junko] Kyushu Univ, Dept Environm Changes, Fac Social & Cultural Studies, Fukuoka 812, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GENETICS SOC JAPAN PI SHIZUOKA-KEN PA NATIONAL INST GENETICS YATA 1111, MISHIMA, SHIZUOKA-KEN, 411-8540, JAPAN SN 1341-7568 EI 1880-5779 J9 GENES GENET SYST JI Genes Genet. Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 89 IS 6 MA 1D-06 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CM0IC UT WOS:000357360600144 ER PT J AU Webber, PA Haines, GB AF Webber, P. Aaron Haines, G. Bruce TI SURVIVAL AND GROWTH RATES OF STOCKED RAZORBACK SUCKERS (XYRAUCHEN TEXANUS) IN A WETLAND OF THE GREEN RIVER, UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COLORADO; BASIN; POPULATIONS AB We stocked four cohorts (larvae and juveniles) of razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) into a managed floodplain wetland in the middle Green River, Utah, from 2008-2009. Our objectives were to determine razorback sucker early life stage survival and growth rates in a natural wetland setting. We used fyke, trammel, and dip nets in addition to boat electrofishing to address project objectives and to recover stocked fish from the wetland for translocation to the Green River. We released 1,515 razorback suckers from this wetland into the Green River, of which 110 (7.3%) have been detected in the river since stocking. Larval razorback suckers survived when few nonnative fish were present, but none survived when many were present. Juvenile fish had high mortality during summer months. We suggest fish and bird predation as plausible sources of mortality for razorback suckers in this wetland. C1 [Webber, P. Aaron; Haines, G. Bruce] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Webber, PA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 1380 South 2350 West, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM aaron_webber@fws.gov FU United States Bureau of Reclamation through the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program FX This study was funded by the United States Bureau of Reclamation through the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. We thank the many employees from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and volunteers who helped complete this study. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL4RH UT WOS:000356940500002 ER PT J AU Vinson, MR Hestmark, B Barkworth, ME AF Vinson, Mark R. Hestmark, Bennett Barkworth, Mary E. TI HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION AFFECTS AQUATIC PLANT ASSEMBLAGES IN AN ARID-LAND RIVER SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; GREEN RIVER; LONG-TERM; COLORADO; DOWNSTREAM; UTAH; SCIENCE; DAM AB We evaluated the effects of long-term flow alteration on primary-producer assemblages. In 1962, Flaming Gorge Dam was constructed on the Green River. The Yampa River has remained an unregulated hydrologically variable river that joins the Green River 100 km downstream from Flaming Gorge Dam. In the 1960s before dam construction only sparse occurrences of two macroalgae, Cladophora and Chara, and no submerged vascular plants were recorded in the Green and Yampa rivers. In 2009-2010, aquatic plants were abundant and widespread in the Green River from the dam downstream to the confluence with the Yampa River. The assemblage consisted of six vascular species, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum sibiricum, Nasturtium officinale, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, and Ranunculus aquatilis, the macroalgae Chara and Cladophora, and the bryophyte, Amblystegium riparium. In the Green River downstream from the Yampa River, and in the Yampa River, only sparse patches of Chara and Cladophora growing in the splash zone on boulders were collected. We attribute the observed changes in the Green River to an increase in water transparency and a reduction in suspended and bed-load sediment and high flow disturbances. The lack of hydrophyte colonization downstream from the confluence with the Yampa River has implications for understanding tributary amelioration of dam effects and for designing more natural flow-regime schedules downstream from large dams. C1 [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Hestmark, Bennett] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Barkworth, Mary E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Intermt Herbarium, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Vinson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM mvinson@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Park Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. National Park Service. T. Naumann provided resources and logistics that made this project possible. J. Kotynek and C. Vinson assisted with field collections. L. Anderton examined Holmgren's voucher specimens. T. Angradi enhanced the clarity of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This article is contribution 1828 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 478 EP 486 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL4RH UT WOS:000356940500005 ER PT J AU Valdez, EW O'Shea, TJ AF Valdez, Ernest W. O'Shea, Thomas J. TI SEASONAL SHIFTS IN THE DIET OF THE BIG BROWN BAT (EPTESICUS FUSCUS), FORT COLLINS, COLORADO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LASIURUS-CINEREUS; SPRING MIGRATION; PREY SELECTION; FOOD-HABITS; ECOLOGY; VESPERTILIONIDAE; CHIROPTERA; COMMUNITY; SURVIVAL; RABIES AB Recent analyses suggest that the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) may be less of a beetle specialist (Coleoptera) in the western United States than previously thought, and that its diet might also vary with temperature. We tested the hypothesis that big brown bats might opportunistically prey on moths by analyzing insect fragments in guano pellets from 30 individual bats (27 females and 3 males) captured while foraging in Fort Collins, Colorado, during May, late July-early August, and late September 2002. We found that bats sampled 17-20 May (n = 12 bats) had a high (81-83%) percentage of volume of lepidopterans in guano, with the remainder (17-19% volume) dipterans and no coleopterans. From 28 May-9 August (n = 17 bats) coleopterans dominated (74-98% volume). On 20 September (n = 1 bat) lepidopterans were 99% of volume in guano. Migratory miller moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) were unusually abundant in Fort Collins in spring and autumn of 2002 and are known agricultural pests as larvae (army cutworms), suggesting that seasonal dietary flexibility in big brown bats has economic benefits. C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ernie@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 509 EP 514 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL4RH UT WOS:000356940500008 ER PT J AU Work, T Meteyer, C AF Work, Thierry Meteyer, Carol TI To Understand Coral Disease, Look at Coral Cells SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE coral; disease; pathology; diagnostics; epizootiology ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; REEF ECOSYSTEMS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MONTIPORA-CAPITATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDO-PACIFIC; BAND DISEASE; DESTRUCTANS; GEOMYCES AB Diseases threaten corals globally, but 40 years on their causes remain mostly unknown. We hypothesize that inconsistent application of a complete diagnostic approach to coral disease has contributed to this slow progress. We quantified methods used to investigate coral disease in 492 papers published between 1965 and 2013. Field surveys were used in 65% of the papers, followed by biodetection (43%), laboratory trials (20%), microscopic pathology (21%), and field trials (9%). Of the microscopic pathology efforts, 57% involved standard histopathology at the light microscopic level (12% of the total investigations), with the remainder dedicated to electron or fluorescence microscopy. Most (74%) biodetection efforts focused on culture or molecular characterization of bacteria or fungi from corals. Molecular and immunological tools have been used to incriminate infectious agents (mainly bacteria) as the cause of coral diseases without relating the agent to specific changes in cell and tissue pathology. Of 19 papers that declared an infectious agent as a cause of disease in corals, only one (5%) used microscopic pathology, and none fulfilled all of the criteria required to satisfy Koch's postulates as applied to animal diseases currently. Vertebrate diseases of skin and mucosal surfaces present challenges similar to corals when trying to identify a pathogen from a vast array of environmental microbes, and diagnostic approaches regularly used in these cases might provide a model for investigating coral diseases. We hope this review will encourage specialists of disease in domestic animals, wildlife, fish, shellfish, and humans to contribute to the emerging field of coral disease. C1 [Work, Thierry; Meteyer, Carol] US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Meteyer, Carol] US Geol Survey, Environm Hlth, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Work, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 14 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s10393-014-0931-1 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CE5HB UT WOS:000351860800018 PM 24723160 ER PT J AU Hagell, S Ribic, CA AF Hagell, Suzanne Ribic, Christine A. TI Barriers to Climate-Adaptive Management: A Survey of Wildlife Researchers and Managers in Wisconsin SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; climate change; decision-making; information sharing; risk perception; wildlife management ID DECISION-MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; INFORMATION; RISK; SCIENCE; POLICY; SCALE; NEED AB Resource management agencies must be able to integrate current research into their decision-making to effectively address climate change impacts. In this study, we investigated the capacity for climate-adaptive management by surveying the community of researchers, administrators, and field managers who are responsible for wildlife conservation in the state of Wisconsin, USA. We specifically measured differences in how these sectors perceive climate change risk, communicate, and make decisions to represent barriers in how they transmit and use research. We frame these barriers within the literature on evidence-based and adaptive management and risk psychology, as principles that underlie climate change adaptation. Almost all respondents agreed that the climate is changing (223/224), but 22% of the respondents were unsure whether climate change is negative for wildlife and field managers dominated this group (68%). Field managers also reported using components of adaptive management more frequently than did other sectors, but all three questioned the importance of one specific component: predicting the consequence of management before implementation. When seeking information, researchers preferred communicating via published literature, but managers and administrators reported a preference for in-person communication. Although only 29% of the respondents were currently involved in climate change work, 77% said they would get involved without additional incentives or direction at work. These results confirm a common pattern of barriers between research and management sectors across all scales of decision-making. Overall, results suggest that in-person and problem-based communication that is focused on real decisions and that utilizes social networks are a way to enable resource management communities to effectively confront these barriers. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Hagell, Suzanne] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hagell, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM seh222@nau.edu FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts Wildlife Working Group, particularly co-chairs K. Martin and M. Meyer for many insightful comments, as well as O. LeDee, M. Larson, and organizers and participants of the Ecological Society of America, 2nd Emerging Issues Conference: Developing Ecologically-Based Conservation Targets Under Global Change. Funding for the survey was provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. We thank T. Knoot, C. Boal, and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Wisconsin Ecological Services Field Office) supported data analysis through a Research Work Order with the U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Mention of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 672 EP 681 DI 10.1002/wsb.459 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500002 ER PT J AU Steenhof, K Brown, JL Kochert, MN AF Steenhof, Karen Brown, Jessi L. Kochert, Michael N. TI Temporal and Spatial Changes in Golden Eagle Reproduction in Relation to Increased Off Highway Vehicle Activity SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; disturbance; golden eagle; motorized recreation; nesting success ID TERRITORY OCCUPANCY; CALIFORNIA; SUCCESS AB We used >40 years of data on golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting in southwestern Idaho, USA, to assess whether the proportion of territories and pairs producing young has changed over time, and whether territories in areas where off highway vehicle (OHV) use has increased significantly were less likely to be productive than those in areas that continued to have little or no motorized recreation. The proportion of territories that produced young was similar across southwestern Idaho from the late 1960s to 1999. After a dramatic increase in OHV use from 1999 to 2009, occupancy and success of territories in close proximity to recreational trails and parking areas declined, and the proportion of these territories producing young differed significantly from territories not impacted by OHVs. We could not pinpoint which types of motorized activity are most disturbing, nor could we identify disturbance thresholds at which eagles abandon their eggs, their young, and finally their territory. Timing, proximity, duration, and frequency of disturbance could all play a role. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Steenhof, Karen] Owyhee Desert Studies, Murphy, ID 83650 USA. [Brown, Jessi L.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kochert, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Steenhof, K (reprint author), Owyhee Desert Studies, 18109 Briar Creek Rd, Murphy, ID 83650 USA. EM karensteenhof@gmail.com FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Pacificorp; Idaho Army National Guard FX This paper is a contribution of the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. The data we used in this analysis came from long-term studies in and near the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area. These studies were funded mainly by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey, with assistance from Pacificorp, and the Idaho Army National Guard. The authors thank the Idaho Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit for the 1969-1971 golden eagle nesting data, and Greenfalk Consultants for data at selected golden eagle nesting territories between 1990 and 1994. Numerous biologists and technicians collected the data. We are especially grateful to L. B. Carpenter, R. N. Lehman, J. H. Doremus, A. R. Bammann, K. L. Ross, J. M. Marzluff, M. W. Collopy, M. S. Vekasy, J. J. Beecham, and G. L. Hickman for data collection. The authors also thank R. Spaul and J. A. Heath for sharing their data on trail density. T. G. Grubb, D. E. Driscoll, P. K. Kochert, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 682 EP 688 DI 10.1002/wsb.451 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500003 ER PT J AU Turner, JW Hernandez, F Boal, CW Ballard, BM Bryant, FC Wester, DB AF Turner, Joshua W. Hernandez, Fidel Boal, Clint W. Ballard, Bart M. Bryant, Fred C. Wester, David B. TI Raptor Abundance and Northern Bobwhite Survival and Habitat Use SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bobwhite; Colinus virginianus; habitat use; migration; northern bobwhite; predation; raptors; survival; Texas ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; DECISION-MAKING; SOUTHERN TEXAS; PREDATION-RISK; RED GROUSE; SELECTION; RANGELAND AB Predation risk has a profound influence on prey behavior and habitat use. The Rio Grande Plains ecoregion of Texas, USA, provides a unique opportunity to investigate changes in prey behavior because the ecoregion experiences a high influx of raptors every year during autumn migration. We used an 8-year data set (2000-2008) of radiocollared northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and raptor abundance to test the hypothesis that bobwhites responded to increased raptor abundance via changes in woody-cover use at the home-range scale. Bobwhite survival was negatively correlated with raptor abundance, with red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) accounting for 51% of the variability in bobwhite survival (P < 0.010). However, we documented no change in the amount of woody cover used by bobwhites in their home range between the raptor migration (6.6% +/- 0.5%; n = 73 bobwhites) and non-migration periods (7.1% +/- 0.4%; n = 105 bobwhites; P = 0.490). In addition, bobwhites that survived the raptor migration period used similar amounts of woody cover within their home range (6.3% +/- 0.6%, n = 58 bobwhites) compared with those dying during the migration period (6.8% +/- 0.4%, n = 100 bobwhites; P = 0.530). Our data suggest that bobwhites do not alter their use of woody cover at the home-range scale in response to increasing raptor abundance, but this does not preclude increased use of woody cover at the point-of- use scale. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Turner, Joshua W.; Hernandez, Fidel; Ballard, Bart M.; Bryant, Fred C.; Wester, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Turner, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM fidel.hernandez@tamuk.edu FU Center for Quail Research; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; William A., and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Texas State Council of Quail Unlimited; South Texas, Houston; East Texas Chapters of Quail Unlimited; Quail Associates FX We thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, The Richard M. Kleberg Jr. Center for Quail Research, and Texas A&M University-Kingsville for providing financial and logistical support. We thank D. Rios, E. Klinsiek, F. Hernandez, and J. Arredondo for assistance with data collection. This research was financially supported by the George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; William A., and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Texas State Council of Quail Unlimited; the South Texas, Houston, and East Texas Chapters of Quail Unlimited; Quail Associates; and private contributions. We thank King Ranch Inc. for providing access to the study area and San Tomas Hunting Camp for in-kind support. T. E. Fulbright, C. J. Parent, and D. Rollins provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data for this research were provided by the South Texas Quail Research Project. This manuscript is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Publication Number 13-109. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1002/wsb.476 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500004 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Franson, JC AF Russell, Robin E. Franson, J. Christian TI Causes of Mortality in Eagles Submitted to The National Wildlife Health Center 1975-2013 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; bald eagles; electrocution; golden eagles; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; lead poisoning; mortality ID RED-TAILED HAWKS; BALD EAGLES; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; AUTOPSY DATA; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; VACUOLAR MYELINOPATHY; WESTERN CANADA; NECROPSY DATA; RESIDUES AB We summarized the cause of death for 2,980 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and 1,427 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) submitted to the National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, for diagnosis between 1975 and the beginning of 2013. We compared the proportion of eagles with a primary diagnosis as electrocuted, emaciated, traumatized, shot or trapped, diseased, poisoned, other, and undetermined among the 4 migratory bird flyways of the United States (Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific). Additionally, we compared the proportion of lead-poisoned bald eagles submitted before and after the autumn 1991 ban on lead shot for waterfowl hunting. Trauma and poisonings (including lead poisoning) were the leading causes of death for bald eagles throughout the study period, and a greater proportion of bald eagles versus golden eagles were diagnosed as poisoned. For golden eagles, the major causes of mortality were trauma and electrocution. The proportion of lead poisoning diagnoses for bald eagles submitted to the National Wildlife Health Center displayed a statistically significant increase in all flyways after the autumn 1991 ban on the use of lead shot for waterfowl hunting. Thus, lead poisoning was a significant cause of mortality in our necropsied eagles, suggesting a continued need to evaluate the trade-offs of lead ammunition for use on game other than waterfowl versus the impacts of lead on wildlife populations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Russell, Robin E.; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1002/wsb.469 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500005 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ Hagen, CA Franson, JC Budeau, DA Hofmeister, EK AF Dusek, Robert J. Hagen, Christian A. Franson, J. Christian Budeau, David A. Hofmeister, Erik K. TI Utilizing Hunter Harvest Effort to Survey for Wildlife Disease: A Case Study of West Nile Virus in Greater Sage-Grouse SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; filter-paper strip; greater sage-grouse; hunter harvest; Oregon; West Nile virus ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; BIRDS AB Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) are highly susceptible to infection with West Nile virus (WNV), with substantial mortality reported in wild populations and in experimentally infected birds. Although sage-grouse are hunted throughout much of their range, they have also recently been considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act. We used blood samples collected on filter-paper strips during the 2006-2010 Oregon, USA, annual sage-grouse hunt to survey for specific WNV-neutralizing antibodies that indicate a previous infection with WNV. During this period, hunters submitted 1,880 blood samples from sage-grouse they harvested. Samples obtained were proportional for all 12 Oregon sage-grouse hunting units. Laboratory testing of 1,839 samples by the WNV epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) followed by plaque reduction neutralization test on bELISA-positive samples yielded 19 (1%) and 1 (0.05%) positive samples, respectively. These data provided early baseline information for future comparisons regarding the prevalence of WNV-specific neutralizing antibodies in sage-grouse in Oregon. This methodology may provide other states where sage-grouse (or other species) populations are hunted and where WNV constitutes a species conservation concern with a viable option to track the relative prevalence of the virus in populations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Dusek, Robert J.; Franson, J. Christian; Hofmeister, Erik K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Hagen, Christian A.; Budeau, David A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 721 EP 727 DI 10.1002/wsb.472 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500008 ER PT J AU Dinges, AJ Webb, EB Vrtiska, MP Nilon, CH Stanis, SAW AF Dinges, Andrew J. Webb, Elisabeth B. Vrtiska, Mark P. Nilon, Charles H. Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm TI Migratory Bird Hunter Opinions Regarding Potential Management Strategies for Controlling Light Goose Populations SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Conservation Order; hunter opinion; light geese ID ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; SNOW GEESE; ATTITUDES AB We expanded the Nebraska Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) harvest survey (NE, USA) in spring 2012 to assess migratory bird hunter opinions regarding future management strategies for controlling light goose populations. Although hunters strongly agreed that population control of light geese was an important wildlife management issue, they were generally unsupportive of wildlife officials using forms of direct control methods to control light goose populations. Respondents who indicated participation in the 2012 LGCO were also less supportive of any form of direct control compared with migratory bird hunters who did not participate in the LGCO. When presented with alternative methods by wildlife officials for future light goose population control, respondents were most supportive of wildlife agencies selectively shooting light geese on migration and wintering areas and least supportive of wildlife officials using bait with approved chemicals to euthanize light geese. A clear understanding of public perception of various potential direct-control options will likely assist wildlife biologists in making informed decisions on how to proceed with population control of light geese. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Dinges, Andrew J.; Nilon, Charles H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Vrtiska, Mark P.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm] Univ Missouri, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Dinges, AJ (reprint author), 3914 Arkansas Dr, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM adinges8@gmail.com FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC); University of Missouri; Missouri Department of Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We would like to thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) for providing funding for this project and especially thank T. Rohrs (NGPC), who assisted with formatting and printing the mail survey sent to thousands of hunters. R. Alisauskas, L. Gigliotti, and J. Leafloor all provided constructive feedback and edits that greatly improved the manuscript. The University of Missouri also provided funding for this research through the E. K. Love Fellowship. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 728 EP 733 DI 10.1002/wsb.465 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500009 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM Mech, LD AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Mech, L. David TI How Hot is Too Hot? Live-Trapped Gray Wolf Rectal Temperatures and 1-year Survival SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; Canis lupus; gray wolf; hyperthermia; rectal temperature; survival; trapping ID WOLVES CANIS-LUPUS; XYLAZINE IMMOBILIZATION; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; DOGS; HYPERTHERMIA; ANTAGONISM; HEATSTROKE; YOHIMBINE; DEER AB The ability of physically restrained and anesthetized wolves to thermoregulate is lessened and could lead to reduced survival, yet no information is available about this subject. Therefore, we analyzed rectal temperatures related to survival 1 year post-capture from 173 adult (non-pup) gray wolves (Canis lupus) captured in modified foot-hold traps for radiocollaring during June-August, 1988-2011, in the Superior National Forest of northeastern Minnesota, USA. The maximum observed rectal temperature ("maxtemp," degrees F, degrees C) in each wolf during capture ((x) over bar -104.0, 40.0; SD -2.0, 1.1; min. -95.9, 35.5; max. -108, 42.2) was not a significant predictor of survival to 1 year post-capture. Although no weather or morphometric variable was a significant predictor of maxtemps, wolves initially anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine rather than telazol (R)-xylazine averaged higher maxtemps. This information does not fully address possible effects of high body temperatures related to live-capture and handling of wolves, but it does provide a useful waypoint for future assessments of this relationship and a reassurance to wildlife practitioners that the maxtemps observed in our study did not appear to affect 1-year survival. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.; Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1393 Highway 169, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank M. E. Nelson and numerous volunteer technicians; T. J. Kreeger for helpful discussions; C. "Kit" Bingham for statistical assistance; L. Schmidt and 4 anonymous referees; and P. Boulay for information on weather variables. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1002/wsb.470 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500014 ER PT J AU Storm, DJ Samuel, MD Rolley, RE Beissel, T Richards, BJ Van Deelen, TR AF Storm, Daniel J. Samuel, Michael D. Rolley, Robert E. Beissel, Thomas Richards, Bryan J. Van Deelen, Timothy R. TI Estimating Ages of White-Tailed Deer: Age and Sex Patterns of Error Using Tooth Wear-and-Replacement and Consistency of Cementum Annuli SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE age estimation; age structure; aging error; Illinois; Odocoileus virginianus; ungulates; Wisconsin ID WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC; HARVEST DATA; RECONSTRUCTION; SENESCENCE; WISCONSIN; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; MODELS AB The age structure of harvested animals provides the basis for many demographic analyses. Ages of harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and other ungulates often are estimated by evaluating replacement and wear patterns of teeth, which is subjective and error-prone. Few previous studies however, examined age-and sex-specific error rates. Counting cementum annuli of incisors is an alternative, more accurate method of estimating age, but factors that influence consistency of cementum annuli counts are poorly known. We estimated age of 1,261 adult (>= 1.5 yr old) white-tailed deer harvested in Wisconsin and Illinois (USA; 2005-2008) using both wear-and-replacement and cementum annuli. We compared cementum annuli with wear-and-replacement estimates to assess misclassification rates by sex and age. Wear-and-replacement for estimating ages of white-tailed deer resulted in substantial misclassification compared with cementum annuli. Age classes of females were consistently underestimated, while those of males were underestimated for younger age classes but overestimated for older age classes. Misclassification resulted in an impression of a younger age-structure than actually was the case. Additionally, we obtained paired age-estimates from cementum annuli for 295 deer. Consistency of paired cementum annuli age-estimates decreased with age, was lower in females than males, and decreased as age estimates became less certain. Our results indicated that errors in the wear-and-replacement techniques are substantial and could impact demographic analyses that use age-structure information. (C) 2014 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Storm, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rolley, Robert E.] Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Beissel, Thomas] Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. [Richards, Bryan J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Van Deelen, Timothy R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Storm, DJ (reprint author), Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM daniel.jay.storm@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology FX The U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provided funding and support. Numerous employees of the Wisconsin and Illinois Departments of Natural Resources were responsible for aging deer and collecting deer heads; R. Osbourne and C. Jacques were especially helpful in organizing sample collection in Wisconsin. K. McCaffery provided an insightful review of the manuscript. Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology for financial support with publication NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 849 EP 856 DI 10.1002/wsb.457 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500026 ER PT J AU McCleery, RA Zweig, CL Desa, MA Hunt, R Kitchens, WM Percival, HF AF McCleery, Robert A. Zweig, Christa L. Desa, Melissa A. Hunt, Rodney Kitchens, Wiley M. Percival, H. Franklin TI A Novel Method for Camera-Trapping Small Mammals SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE camera trap; endangered species; floatation trap; Florida salt marsh vole; live trap; salt marsh ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TRAPS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MICROTUS; PITFALL; ECOLOGY AB Camera traps have increased our knowledge of animal distribution, activity, and behavior, but they are rarely used for small mammal research. This is likely because there are few techniques to that allow for species identification, reduce disturbance of bait from non-target animals (e.g., raccoon [Procyon lotor]), and that can be used in all environments. In this paper we present a small mammal camera-trapping methodology, the Hunt trap, which was designed to 1) work in tidal environments, 2) eliminate capture myopathy, 3) allow for successful identification of small mammal species, and 4) allow for continued trapping after disturbance by non-target species. We tested the Hunt trap in the Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA, during February 2012 to February 2013. Live traps are still the best option when individuals must be physically captured for marking, radiotagging, demographic studies, or physiological assessments. However, if such data are not required, the Hunt trap design is an excellent technique to monitor species diversity, community composition, habitat selection, and distribution with efficiency and minimal effort. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [McCleery, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zweig, Christa L.; Desa, Melissa A.; Hunt, Rodney] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kitchens, Wiley M.; Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McCleery, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ramccleery@ufl.edu OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 38 IS 4 BP 887 EP 891 DI 10.1002/wsb.447 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9RA UT WOS:000351434500032 ER PT J AU Wester, DB Rideout-Hanzak, S Britton, CM Whitlaw, H AF Wester, D. B. Rideout-Hanzak, S. Britton, C. M. Whitlaw, H. TI Plant community response to the East Amarillo Complex wildfires in the Southern High Plains, USA SO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire ecology; Multivariate dispersion; Nonmetric multidimensional scaling; Permutational analysis of variance; Vegetation composition ID NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATIC VARIATION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; FIRE FREQUENCY; SEASONAL FIRE; SUMMER FIRE; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; VARIABILITY AB Severe wildfires are increasing in extent in the western US. We used a matched-pairs design with plots in burned and non-burned areas to study effects of the East Amarillo Complex (EAC) wildfires on mixed grass prairie mean community composition and variability in composition. Species composition and ground cover data were collected at 5 study sites each year for three years following the EAC. Fire effects on mean species composition were analyzed with permutational analyses of variance; temporal patterns were analyzed with permutational anova and nonmetric multidimensional scaling; and an index of multivariate dispersion was used to assess variability in plant community composition. We found weak immediate impacts (year 1) of wildfire on mean species composition, but strong impacts by year three. Two general patterns of changes in mean species composition emerged: at 3 study sites, there was a progressive divergence in similarity between burned and non-burned areas following wildfire whereas at 2 study sites, wildfire effects lessened over time. In contrast, a trend of increased homogeneity in burned vegetation relative to non-burned vegetation was apparent at all 5 study sites 2 to 3 years post-fire; burned areas also had higher species diversity, higher evenness but similar species richness 3 years post-fire. Ground cover composition, which was immediately impacted by wildfire through removal of residual dry matter, was fully recovered to non-burned conditions 3 years after wildfire. We observed little seedling recruitment either of native or exotic species following wildfire. Community composition changes in burned areas were likely the result of changing dominance relationships among plants that survived the wildfires rather than the result of recruitment of new individuals in gaps created by dead plants. Given the growth form of perennial C-4 grasses and the fact that these grasslands evolved in the context of repeated fire, it is likely that changes in mean species composition and compositional variability are short-term responses. C1 [Wester, D. B.; Rideout-Hanzak, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Wester, D. B.; Rideout-Hanzak, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Rangeland & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Britton, C. M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Whitlaw, H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Rideout-Hanzak, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM sandra.rideout-hanzak@tamuk.edu FU Natural Resources Conservation Service (Fish and Wildlife Conservation Grant) [69-74822843]; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Interagency) [168976] FX This work would not have been possible without the gracious cooperation of the following landowners: H. Boone, D. Burger, K. Burger, K. Flowers, S. Hale, J. Hutchinson, B. Ragsdale, J. Rhoades, J. Shaw, T. Thomas and L.H. Webb. M. Ehrenreich, K. O'Rourke, M. Orr, C. Frey, K. Champlin, M.J. Beierle, D. Civitarese, M. Wester, G. Sorensen, and R. Weiser assisted with data collection and entry. T. Fulbright, J.A. Ortega-S. and J. Grace reviewed and improved an earlier draft of this paper; suggestions from an anonymous referee also substantially improved this paper. We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (Fish and Wildlife Conservation Grant, Agreement No: 69-74822843) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Interagency Contract No. 168976). Additionally, NRCS and TPWD personnel were helpful in landowner contact information. At the time of this research Sandra Rideout-Hanzak and David B. Wester were Assistant Professor and Professor, respectively, Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA, and Heather Whitlaw was Wildlife Diversity Specialist, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. This is publication number 13-132 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and publication number T-9-1248, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 17 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1585-8553 EI 1588-2756 J9 COMMUNITY ECOL JI Community Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1556/ComEc.15.2014.2.11 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA1YX UT WOS:000348706700011 ER PT J AU Repert, DA Underwood, JC Smith, RL Song, B AF Repert, Deborah A. Underwood, Jennifer C. Smith, Richard L. Song, Bongkeun TI Nitrogen cycling processes andmicrobial community composition in bed sediments in the Yukon River at Pilot Station SO Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycling; river bed sediments; Arctic; Yukon River; hydrology; microbial community ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; OXIDE REDUCTASE; DENITRIFICATION; WATER; GENE; BACTERIOPLANKTON; MONOOXYGENASE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS AB Information on the contribution of nitrogen (N)-cycling processes in bed sediments to river nutrient fluxes in large northern latitude river systems is limited. This study examined the relationship between N-cycling processes in bed sediments and N speciation and loading in the Yukon River near its mouth at the Bering Sea. We conducted laboratory bioassays to measure N-cycling processes in sediment samples collected over distinct water cycle seasons. In conjunction, the microbial community composition in the bed sediments using genes involved in N-cycling (narG, napA, nosZ, and amoA) and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequences was examined. Temporal variation was observed in net N mineralization, nitrate uptake, and denitrification rate potentials and correlated strongly with sediment carbon (C) and extractable N content and microbial community composition rather than with river water nutrient concentrations. The C content of the bed sediment was notably impacted by the spring flood, ranging from 1.1% in the midst of an ice-jam to 0.1% immediately after ice-out, suggesting a buildup of organic material (OM) prior to scouring of the bed sediments during ice break up. The dominant members of the microbial community that explained differences in N-processing rates belonged to the genera Crenothrix, Flavobacterium, and the family of Comamonadaceae. Our results suggest that biogeochemical processing rates in the bed sediments appear to be more coupled to hydrology, nutrient availability in the sediments, and microbial community composition rather than river nutrient concentrations at Pilot Station. C1 [Repert, Deborah A.; Underwood, Jennifer C.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Song, Bongkeun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Repert, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM darepert@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; National Science Foundation [EAR1024900] FX We are grateful to Paul Schuster, Charlie Couvilion, Mark Dornblaser, Rob Spencer, and Jim Kammer for field sample collection; Kenna Butler, Jennifer Carter, Teri Denison, Charles Hart, BobbiJo Littrell, James Taylor, and Devon Theune for help with laboratory analyses; and Teri Legg and Jon Leff for assistance and guidance with regard to molecular analyses. We also thank Kimberly Wickland and Rebecca Barnes for constructive manuscript reviews. Data supporting Figures 2, 3, 5-7, S1, and S2 are available in Tables S4 and S5 in the supporting information. Data supporting Figures 4, 8, and S2 are available upon request. This research project was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area and the National Science Foundation (EAR1024900). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2328 EP 2344 DI 10.1002/2014JG002707 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CA4AN UT WOS:000348846800009 ER PT J AU Werner, C Bergfeld, D Farrar, CD Doukas, MP Kelly, PJ Kern, C AF Werner, Cynthia Bergfeld, Deborah Farrar, Christopher D. Doukas, Michael P. Kelly, Peter J. Kern, Christoph TI Decadal-scale variability of diffuse CO2 emissions and seismicity revealed from long-term monitoring (1995-2013) at Mammoth Mountain, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CO2 degassing; Mammoth Mountain; Hydrothermal system; Seismicity; Magmatic fluids ID MAGMATIC CO2; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; HORSESHOE LAKE; VALLEY CALDERA; TREE KILL; VOLCANO; UNREST; SOIL; CA AB Mammoth Mountain, California, is a dacitic volcano that has experienced several periods of unrest since 1989. The onset of diffuse soil CO2 emissions at numerous locations on the flanks of the volcano began in 1989-1990 following an 11-month period of heightened seismicity. CO2 emission rates were measured yearly from 1995 to 2013 at Horseshoe Lake (HSL), the largest tree kill area on Mammoth Mountain, and measured intermittently at four smaller degassing areas around Mammoth from 2006 to 2013. The long-term record at HSL shows decadal-scale variations in CO2 emissions with two peaks in 2000-2001 and 2011-2012, both of which follow peaks in seismicity by 2-3 years. Between 2000 and 2004 emissions gradually declined during a seismically quiet period, and from 2004 to 2009 were steady at similar to 100 metric tonnes per day (t d(-1)). CO2 emissions at the four smaller tree-kill areas also increased by factors of 2-3 between 2006 and 2011-2012, demonstrating a mountain-wide increase in degassing. Delays between the peaks in seismicity and degassing have been observed at other volcanic and hydrothermal areas worldwide, and are thought to result from an injection of deep CO2-rich fluid into shallow subsurface reservoirs causing a pressurization event with a delayed transport to the surface. Such processes are consistent with previous studies at Mammoth, and here we highlight (1) the mountain-wide response, (2) the characteristic delay of 2-3 years, and (3) the roughly decadal reoccurrence interval for such behavior. Our best estimate of total CO2 degassing from Mammoth Mountain was 416 t d(-1) in 2011 during the peak of emissions, over half of which was emitted from HSL The cumulative release of CO2 between 1995 and 2013 from diffuse emissions is estimated to be similar to 2-3 Mt, and extrapolation back to 1989 gives similar to 4.8 Mt. This amount of CO2 release is similar to that produced by the mid-sized (VEI 3) 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano in Alaska (similar to 2.3 Mt over 11 months), and significantly lower than long-term emissions from hydrothermal areas such as Solfatara in Campi Flegrei, Italy (16 Mt over 28 years). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Werner, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Bergfeld, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Doukas, Michael P.; Kelly, Peter J.; Kern, Christoph] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Werner, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cwerner@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program FX The authors would like to thank the numerous people who helped in the collection of the CO2 flux data and the insightful discussion including Ken McGee, Terry Gerlach, Bill Evans, Stuart Wilkinson, Jim Howle, Laura Kelly, and Tamar Elias. Stephanie Prejean provided assistance in utilizing the seismic databases and provided helpful discussion. This manuscript was improved by the careful reviews of John Lyons, Jean Vandemeulebrouck, and an anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 289 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.020 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4QF UT WOS:000348889000005 ER PT J AU Pinel, V Poland, MP Hooper, A AF Pinel, V. Poland, M. P. Hooper, A. TI Volcanology: Lessons learned from Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE SAR; Volcanoes; Deformation; Eruptive deposits; DEM ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; SISTERS VOLCANIC CENTER; OREGON CASCADE RANGE; LONG VALLEY CALDERA; SOCORRO MAGMA BODY; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; MT. ETNA VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SURFACE DEFORMATION AB Twenty years of continuous Earth observation by satellite SAR have resulted in numerous new insights into active volcanism, including a better understanding of subsurface magma storage and transport, deposition of volcanic materials on the surface, and the structure and development of volcanic edifices. This massive archive of data has resulted in fundamental leaps in our understanding of how volcanoes work for example, identifying magma accumulation at supposedly quiescent volcanoes, even in remote areas or in the absence of ground-based data. In addition, global compilations of volcanic activity facilitate comparison of deformation behavior between different volcanic arcs and statistical evaluation of the strong link between deformation and eruption. SAR data are also increasingly used in timely hazard evaluation thanks to decreases in data latency and growth in processing and analysis techniques. The existing archive of SAR imagery is on the cusp of being enhanced by a new generation of satellite SAR missions, in addition to ground-based and airborne SAR systems, which will provide enhanced temporal and spatial resolution, broader geographic coverage, and improved availability of data to the scientific community. Now is therefore an opportune time to review the contributions of SAR imagery to volcano science, monitoring, and hazard mitigation, and to explore the future potential for SAR in volcanology. Provided that the ever-growing volume of SAR data can be managed effectively, we expect the future application of SAR data to expand from being a research tool for analyzing volcanic activity after the fact, to being a monitoring and research tool capable of imaging a wide variety of processes on different temporal and spatial scales as those processes are occurring. These data can then be used to develop new models of how volcanoes work and to improve quantitative forecasts of volcanic activity as a means of mitigating risk from future eruptions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pinel, V.] Univ Savoie, IRD, CNRS, ISTerre, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Poland, M. P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Hooper, A.] Univ Leeds, COMET, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Pinel, V (reprint author), Univ Savoie, IRD, CNRS, ISTerre, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. EM Virginie.Pinel@univ-savoie.fr RI Pinel, Virginie/D-9949-2014; OI Pinel, Virginie/0000-0002-4928-9584; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 275 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 289 BP 81 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.010 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4QF UT WOS:000348889000007 ER PT J AU Johnson, WP Schmidt, PM Taylor, DP AF Johnson, William P. Schmidt, Paige M. Taylor, Dustin P. TI Foraging flight distances of wintering ducks and geese: a review SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; PINK-FOOTED GEESE; GREATER SNOW GEESE; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; HABITAT USE; BARNACLE GEESE; SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA AB The distance covered by foraging animals, especially those that radiate from a central area when foraging, may affect ecosystem, community, and population dynamics, and has conservation and landscape planning implications for multiple taxa, including migratory waterfowl. Migrating and wintering waterfowl make regular foraging flights between roosting and feeding areas that can greatly impact energetic resources within the foraging zone near roost sites. We reviewed published studies and gray literature for oneway foraging flight distances (FFDs) of migrating and wintering dabbling ducks and geese. Thirty reviewed studies reported FFDs and several reported values for multiple species or locations. We obtained FFD values for migration (n = 7) and winter (n = 70). We evaluated the effects of body mass, guild, i.e., dabbling duck or goose, and location, i.e., Nearctic or Palearctic, on FFDs. We used the second-order Akaike's Information Criterion for model selection. We found support for effects of location and guild on FFDs. FFDs of waterfowl wintering in the Nearctic (7.4 +/- 6.7 km, mean +/- SD; n = 39 values) were longer than in the Palearctic (4.2 +/- 3.2 km; n = 31 values). The FFDs of geese (7.8 +/- 7.2 km, mean +/- SD; n = 24 values) were longer than FFDs of dabbling ducks (5.1 +/- 4.4 km, mean +/- SD; n = 46 values). We found mixed evidence that distance flown from the roost changed, i.e., increased or decreased, seasonally. Our results can be used to refine estimates of energetic carrying capacity around roosts and in biological and landscape planning efforts. C1 [Taylor, Dustin P.] Sequoyah Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stigler, OK USA. RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), 9014 E 21st St, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. EM paige_schmidt@fws.gov NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 56 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 DI 10.5751/ACE-00683-090202 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AZ0GH UT WOS:000347923600003 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Zhang, B AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Zhang, Bo TI EFFECTS OF DISPERSAL IN A NON-UNIFORM ENVIRONMENT ON POPULATION DYNAMICS AND COMPETITION: A PATCH MODEL APPROACH SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article DE Inhomogeneous environment; diffusion; advection-diffusion; discrete spatial model ID PERMANENT SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; VARYING ENVIRONMENTS; DIFFUSION; VARIABILITY; SELECTION; PLANTS AB Partial differential equation models of diffusion and advection are fundamental to understanding population behavior and interactions in space, but can be difficult to analyze when space is heterogeneous. As a proxy for partial differential equation models, and to provide some insight into a few questions regarding growth and movement patterns of a single population and two competing populations, a simple three-patch system is used. For a single population it is shown that diffusion rates occur for which the total biomass supported on a heterogeneous landscape exceeds total carrying capacity, confirming previous studies of partial differential equations and other models. It is also shown that the total population supported can increase indefinitely as the sharpness of the heterogeneity increases. For two competing species, it is shown that adding advection to a reaction-diffusion system can potentially reverse the general rule that the species with smaller diffusion rates always wins, or lead to coexistence. Competitive dominance is also favored for the species for which the sharpness of spatial heterogeneity in growth rate is greater. The results are consistent with analyses of partial differential equations, but the patch approach has some advantages in being more intuitively understandable. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. [Zhang, Bo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu; bozhangophelia@gmail.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 EI 1553-524X J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 10 SI SI BP 3087 EP 3104 DI 10.3934/dedsb.2014.19.3087 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AZ6SO UT WOS:000348350200004 ER PT J AU Russell, MB D'Amato, AW Schulz, BK Woodall, CW Domke, GM Bradford, JB AF Russell, Matthew B. D'Amato, Anthony W. Schulz, Bethany K. Woodall, Christopher W. Domke, Grant M. Bradford, John B. TI Quantifying understorey vegetation in the US Lake States: a proposed framework to inform regional forest carbon stocks SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS; COVER; MODELS; REGRESSION; STAND; PINE AB The contribution of understorey vegetation (UVEG) to forest ecosystem biomass and carbon (C) across diverse forest types has, to date, eluded quantification at regional and national scales. Efforts to quantify UVEG C have been limited to field-intensive studies or broad-scale modelling approaches lacking field measurements. Although large-scale inventories of UVEG C are not common, species-and community-level inventories of vegetation structure are available and may prove useful in quantifying UVEG C stocks. This analysis developed a general framework for estimating UVEG C stocks by employing per cent cover estimates of UVEG from a region-wide forest inventory coupled with an estimate of maximum UVEG C across the US Lake States (i.e. Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin). Estimates of UVEG C stocks from this approach reasonably align with expected C stocks in the study region, ranging from 0.86 +/- 0.06 Mg ha(-1) in red pine-dominated to 1.59 +/- 0.06 Mg ha(-1) for aspen/birch-dominated forest types. Although the data employed here were originally collected to assess broad-scale forest structure and diversity, this study proposes a framework for using UVEG inventories as a foundation for estimating C stocks in an often overlooked, yet important ecosystem C pool. C1 [Russell, Matthew B.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Schulz, Bethany K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.; Domke, Grant M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Russell, MB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russellm@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; OI Domke, Grant/0000-0003-0485-0355 FU USDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station. We thank Andrew Gray, Coeli Hoover and Paul Van Deusen for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We appreciate comments from Gary Kerr, Geoff Morgan and two anonymous reviewers for their insight that improved the content of this work. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X EI 1464-3626 J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD DEC PY 2014 VL 87 IS 5 BP 629 EP 638 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpu023 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AZ6OW UT WOS:000348339700003 ER PT J AU Kaban, MK Tesauro, M Mooney, WD Cloetingh, SAPL AF Kaban, Mikhail K. Tesauro, Magdala Mooney, Walter D. Cloetingh, Sierd A. P. L. TI Density, temperature, and composition of the North American lithosphere-New insights from a joint analysis of seismic, gravity, and mineral physics data: 1. Density structure of the crust and upper mantle SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE North American lithosphere; density heterogeneity; gravity anomalies; residual topography ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO PLATEAU; WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; VELOCITY MODEL; BENEATH; CORDILLERA; EARTH; CONSTRAINTS; UPLIFT; SUBDUCTION AB We introduce a new method to construct integrated 3-D models of density, temperature, and compositional variations of the crust and upper mantle based on a combined analysis of gravity, seismic, and tomography data with mineral physics constraints. The new technique is applied to North America. In the first stage, we remove the effect of the crust from the observed gravity field and topography, using a new crustal model (NACr2014). In the second step, the residual mantle gravity field and residual topography are inverted to obtain a 3-D density model of the upper mantle. The inversion technique accounts for the notion that these fields are controlled by the same factors but in a different way, e.g., depending on depth and horizontal dimension. This enables us to locate the position of principal density anomalies in the upper mantle. Afterward, we estimate the thermal contribution to the density structure by inverting two tomography models for temperature (NA07 and SL2013sv), assuming a laterally and vertically uniform fertile mantle composition. Both models show the cold internal part and the hot western margin of the continent, while in some Proterozoic regions (e.g., Grenville province) NA07 at a depth of 100 km is >200 degrees C colder than SL2013sv. After removing this effect from the total mantle anomalies, the residual compositional fields are obtained. Some features of the composition density distribution, which are invisible in the seismic tomography data, are detected for the first time in the upper mantle. These results serve as a basis for the second part of the study, in which we improve the thermal and compositional models by applying an iterative approach to account for the effect of composition on the thermal model. C1 [Kaban, Mikhail K.; Tesauro, Magdala] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Tesauro, Magdala; Cloetingh, Sierd A. P. L.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Mooney, Walter D.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Cloetingh, Sierd A. P. L.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Kaban, Mikhail K.] RAS, IPE, Geophys Ctr, Moscow 117901, Russia. RP Kaban, MK (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM kaban@gfz-potsdam.de RI Cloetingh, Sierd/E-5194-2012 OI Cloetingh, Sierd/0000-0001-9472-7881 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; GeoForschungsZentrum; Potsdam; Utrecht University; Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth (ISES); USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX The data presented in the paper are available upon request. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor Cin-Ty A. Lee for their extensive reviews that have greatly improved the manuscript. The paper also benefited from the discussion with Sergio Speziale regarding mineral physics. This study was funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral grant (M.T.) and Award (S.C.), GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Utrecht University, the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth (ISES), and the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 12 BP 4781 EP 4807 DI 10.1002/2014GC005483 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JZ UT WOS:000348061300012 ER PT J AU Tesauro, M Kaban, MK Mooney, WD Cloetingh, SAPL AF Tesauro, Magdala Kaban, Mikhail K. Mooney, Walter D. Cloetingh, Sierd A. P. L. TI Density, temperature, and composition of the North American lithosphere-New insights from a joint analysis of seismic, gravity, and mineral physics data: 2. Thermal and compositional model of the upper mantle SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE North American lithosphere; thermal anomalies; density heterogeneity; compositional variations; Fe depletion ID CENTRAL SLAVE CRATON; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; TRANSITION ZONE; EARTHS MANTLE; VELOCITIES; EVOLUTION; BENEATH; ORIGIN; CANADA; CORDILLERA AB Temperature and compositional variations of the North American (NA) lithospheric mantle are estimated using a new inversion technique introduced in Part 1, which allows us to jointly interpret seismic tomography and gravity data, taking into account depletion of the lithospheric mantle beneath the cratonic regions. The technique is tested using two tomography models (NA07 and SL2013sv) and different lithospheric density models. The first density model (Model I) reproduces the typical compositionally stratified lithospheric mantle, which is consistent with xenolith samples from the central Slave craton, while the second one (Model II) is based on the direct inversion of the residual gravity and residual topography. The results obtained, both in terms of temperature and composition, are more strongly influenced by the input models derived from seismic tomography, rather than by the choice of lithospheric density Model I versus Model II. The final temperatures estimated in the Archean lithospheric root are up to 150 degrees C higher than in the initial thermal models obtained using a laterally and vertically uniform fertile compositional model and are in agreement with temperatures derived from xenolith data. Therefore, the effect of the compositional variations cannot be neglected when temperatures of the cratonic lithospheric mantle are estimated. Strong negative compositional density anomalies (<-0.03 g/cm(3)), corresponding to Mg # (100 x Mg/(Mg+Fe)) >92, characterize the lithospheric mantle of the northwestern part of the Superior craton and the central part of the Slave and Churchill craton, according to both tomographic models. The largest discrepancies between the results based on different tomography models are observed in the Proterozoic regions, such as the Trans Hudson Orogen (THO), Rocky Mountains, and Colorado Plateau, which appear weakly depleted (>-0.025 g/cm(3) corresponding to Mg # approximate to 91) when model NA07 is used, or locally characterized by high-density bodies when model SL2013sv is used. The former results are in agreement with those based on the interpretation of xenolith data. The high-density bodies might be interpreted as fragments of subducted slabs or of the advection of the lithospheric mantle induced from the eastward-directed flat slab subduction. The selection of a seismic tomography model plays a significant role when estimating lithospheric density, temperature, and compositional heterogeneity. The consideration of the results of more than one model gives a more complete picture of the possible compositional variations within the NA lithospheric mantle. C1 [Tesauro, Magdala; Kaban, Mikhail K.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Tesauro, Magdala; Cloetingh, Sierd A. P. L.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kaban, Mikhail K.] RAS, IPE, Geophys Ctr, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cloetingh, Sierd A. P. L.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. RP Tesauro, M (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM M.Tesauro@uu.nl RI Cloetingh, Sierd/E-5194-2012 OI Cloetingh, Sierd/0000-0001-9472-7881 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; GeoForschungsZentrum; Potsdam; Utrecht University; Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Science (ISES); USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX We thank Sonja Aulbach and the Editor Cin-Ty A. Lee for their extensive reviews that have greatly improved the manuscript. This study was funded by an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral grant and research award, GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Utrecht University, the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Science (ISES), and the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The data for this paper are available upon request. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 12 BP 4808 EP 4830 DI 10.1002/2014GC005484 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JZ UT WOS:000348061300013 ER PT J AU Coombs, ML Vazquez, JA AF Coombs, Michelle L. Vazquez, Jorge A. TI Cogenetic late Pleistocene rhyolite and cumulate diorites from Augustine Volcano revealed by SIMS 238U-230Th dating of zircon, and implications for silicic magma generation by extraction from mush SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Augustine; zircon; rhyolite; cumulate; volcano ID TI-IN-ZIRCON; ELEMENT PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ION-MICROPROBE; PLUTONIC BLOCKS; ALEUTIAN ARC; CRATER LAKE; LONG VALLEY; EVOLUTION; CRYSTAL; ALASKA AB Augustine Volcano, a frequently active andesitic island stratocone, erupted a late Pleistocene rhyolite pumice fall that is temporally linked through zircon geochronology to cumulate dioritic blocks brought to the surface in Augustine's 2006 eruption. Zircon from the rhyolite yield a U-238-Th-230 age of approximate to 25 ka for their unpolished rims, and their interiors yield a bimodal age populations at approximate to 26 ka and a minority at approximate to 41 ka. Zircon from dioritic blocks, ripped from Augustine's shallow magmatic plumbing system and ejected during the 2006 eruption, have interiors defining a approximate to 26 ka age population that is indistinguishable from that for the rhyolite; unpolished rims on the dioritic zircon are dominantly younger (12 ka) indicating subsequent crystallization. Zircon from rhyolite and diorite overlap in U, Hf, Ti, and REE concentrations although diorites also contain a second population of high-U, high temperature grains. Andesites that brought dioritic blocks to the surface in 2006 contain zircon with young (9 ka) rims and a scattering of older ages, but few zircon that crystallized during the 26 ka interval. Both the Pleistocene-age rhyolite and the 2006 dioritic inclusions plot along a whole-rock compositional trend distinct from mid-Holocene-present andesites and dacites, and the diorites, rhyolite, and two early Holocene dacites define linear unmixing trends often oblique to the main andesite array and consistent with melt (rhyolite) extraction from a mush (dacites), leaving behind a cumulate amphibole-bearing residue (diorites). Rare zircon antecrysts up to approximate to 300 ka from all rock types indicate that a Quaternary center has been present longer than preserved surficial deposits. C1 [Coombs, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, SHRIMP RG Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Coombs, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcoombs@usgs.gov FU Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Charlie Bacon and Chris Nye for constructive discussions, and Chris generously provided samples of the rhyolite. We are grateful to Heather Bleick and Leslie Hayden for electron probe analyses of Fe-Ti oxides, Marsha Lidzbarski for her expertise in separating and mounting zircon, and Mark Stelten and Kari Cooper for ICPMS U and Th isotope analyses. Tom Sisson provided insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank Axel Schmitt and Olivier Bachmann for their careful reviews. All data used to create figures in the manuscript can be found in Tables 1-5, or in supporting information Tables S2-S5. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 12 BP 4846 EP 4865 DI 10.1002/2014GC005589 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JZ UT WOS:000348061300015 ER PT J AU Bloomberg, S Werner, C Rissmann, C Mazot, A Horton, T Gravley, D Kennedy, B Oze, C AF Bloomberg, S. Werner, C. Rissmann, C. Mazot, A. Horton, T. Gravley, D. Kennedy, B. Oze, C. TI Soil CO2 emissions as a proxy for heat and mass flow assessment, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE soil gas flux; carbon dioxide; stable isotope analysis; sequential Gaussian simulation; mass and heat flow assessment ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; WHITE-ISLAND VOLCANO; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; GASES; FIELD; CIRCULATION; ENVIRONMENT; MECHANISMS AB The quantification of heat and mass flow between deep reservoirs and the surface is important for understanding magmatic and hydrothermal systems. Here, we use high-resolution measurement of carbon dioxide flux (CO2) and heat flow at the surface to characterize the mass (CO2 and steam) and heat released to the atmosphere from two magma-hydrothermal systems. Our soil gas and heat flow surveys at Rotokawa and White Island in the Taup Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, include over 3000 direct measurements of CO2 and soil temperature and 60 carbon isotopic values on soil gases. Carbon dioxide flux was separated into background and magmatic/hydrothermal populations based on the measured values and isotopic characterization. Total CO2 emission rates (sigma CO2) of 44184 t d(-1) and 12418 t d(-1) were calculated for Rotokawa (2.9 km(2)) and for the crater floor at White Island (0.3 km(2)), respectively. The total CO2 emissions differ from previously published values by +386 t d(-1) at Rotokawa and +25 t d(-1) at White Island, demonstrating that earlier research underestimated emissions by 700% (Rotokawa) and 25% (White Island). These differences suggest that soil CO2 emissions facilitate more robust estimates of the thermal energy and mass flux in geothermal systems than traditional approaches. Combining the magmatic/hydrothermal-sourced CO2 emission (constrained using stable isotopes) with reservoir H2O:CO2 mass ratios and the enthalpy of evaporation, the surface expression of thermal energy release for the Rotokawa hydrothermal system (226 MWt) is 10 times greater than the White Island crater floor (22.5 MWt). C1 [Bloomberg, S.; Horton, T.; Gravley, D.; Kennedy, B.; Oze, C.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Werner, C.] Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rissmann, C.] Environm Southland, Waikiwi, New Zealand. [Mazot, A.] GNS Sci, Wairakei, New Zealand. RP Bloomberg, S (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM simonhbloomberg@gmail.com OI Horton, Travis/0000-0003-0558-2970 FU UC-MRP Source 2 Surface research program; Ministry of Science and Innovation's Foundation for Research, Science, & Technology through a TechNZ Scholarship; University of Canterbury's Mason trust FX We would like to thank GNS Science and GeoNet for the use of their equipment (Karen Britten, Jeremy Cole-Baker), Mighty River Power Limited, (Tom) Powell Geoscience Ltd., University of Canterbury (Jo Pawson, Mark Letham, Heather Bickerton, Jelte Keeman, Joshua Blackstock), D.O.C and Tauhara North No. 2 Trust for access to the RK thermal area, pilots and crew from SQDRN 3 RNZAF and Peejay IV and V (White Island Tours) for transport to (and from) White Island, The Buttle Family for access to their private volcano. This study contributes to and is funded by the UC-MRP Source 2 Surface research program. Additional funding is from the Ministry of Science and Innovation's Foundation for Research, Science, & Technology through a TechNZ Scholarship and the University of Canterbury's Mason trust. Data available as supporting information. This manuscript benefitted greatly from the anonymous peer review process and a candid yet helpful review by Mike Doukas (USGS). NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 12 BP 4885 EP 4904 DI 10.1002/2014GC005327 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JZ UT WOS:000348061300017 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D Grams, PE Kaplinski, MA AF Buscombe, D. Grams, P. E. Kaplinski, M. A. TI Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics: 1. Spectral properties of scattering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE multibeam sonar; sediment classification; stochastic modeling; grain size; acoustics ID ECHO-SOUNDER BACKSCATTER; SEA-FLOOR BACKSCATTER; SHALLOW-WATER; MULTIBEAM; CLASSIFICATION; ROUGHNESS; SYSTEMS AB Bed sediment classification using high-frequency hydroacoustic instruments is challenging when sediments are spatially heterogeneous, which is often the case in rivers. The use of acoustic backscatter to classify sediments is an attractive alternative to analysis of topography because it is potentially sensitive to grain scale roughness. Here a new method is presented which uses high-frequency acoustic backscatter from multibeam sonar to classify heterogeneous riverbed sediments by type (sand, gravel, and rock) continuously in space and at small spatial resolution. In this, the first of a pair of papers that examine the scattering signatures from a heterogeneous riverbed, methods are presented to construct spatially explicit maps of spectral properties from georeferenced point clouds of geometrically and radiometrically corrected echoes. Backscatter power spectra are computed to produce scale and amplitude metrics that collectively characterize the length scales of stochastic measures of riverbed scattering, termed stochastic geometries. Backscatter aggregated over small spatial scales have spectra that obey a power law. This apparently self-affine behavior could instead arise from morphological scale and grain scale roughnesses over multiple overlapping scales or riverbed scattering being transitional between Rayleigh and geometric regimes. Relationships exist between stochastic geometries of backscatter and areas of rough and smooth sediments. However, no one parameter can uniquely characterize a particular substrate nor definitively separate the relative contributions of roughness and acoustic impedance (hardness). Combinations of spectral quantities do, however, have the potential to delineate riverbed sediment patchiness, in a data-driven approach comparing backscatter with bed sediment observations (which is the subject of part two of this manuscript). C1 [Buscombe, D.; Grams, P. E.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kaplinski, M. A.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dbuscombe@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX Data and computer code to reproduce the results from this manuscript are available from the authors. The data analyzed and discussed in this manuscript were collected by the dedicated efforts of many field technicians, river guides, and volunteers. Special thanks to David Rubin, Robert Tusso, Peter Wilcock, and Joseph Hazel for data collection and discussions. This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Thanks to the Editor, Associate Editor, Chris Sherwood, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which improved the quality of the paper. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2674 EP 2691 DI 10.1002/2014JF003189 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA2JX UT WOS:000348735700008 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D Grams, PE Kaplinski, MA AF Buscombe, D. Grams, P. E. Kaplinski, M. A. TI Characterizing riverbed sediment using high-frequency acoustics: 2. Scattering signatures of Colorado River bed sediment in Marble and Grand Canyons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE multibeam sonar; sediment classification; stochastic modeling; grain size; acoustics ID ECHO-SOUNDER BACKSCATTER; GRAIN-SIZE; LOAD TRANSPORT; CLASSIFICATION; FLOW AB In this, the second of a pair of papers on the statistical signatures of riverbed sediment in high-frequency acoustic backscatter, spatially explicit maps of the stochastic geometries (length and amplitude scales) of backscatter are related to patches of riverbed surfaces composed of known sediment types, as determined by georeferenced underwater video observations. Statistics of backscatter magnitudes alone are found to be poor discriminators between sediment types. However, the variance of the power spectrum and the intercept and slope from a power law spectral form (termed the spectral strength and exponent, respectively) successfully discriminate between sediment types. A decision tree approach was able to classify spatially heterogeneous patches of homogeneous sands, gravels (and sand-gravel mixtures), and cobbles/boulders with 95, 88, and 91% accuracy, respectively. Application to sites outside the calibration and surveys made at calibration sites at different times were plausible based on observations from underwater video. Analysis of decision trees built with different training data sets suggested that the spectral exponent was consistently the most important variable in the classification. In the absence of theory concerning how spatially variable sediment surfaces scatter high-frequency sound, the primary advantage of this data-driven approach to classify bed sediment over alternatives is that spectral methods have well-understood properties and make no assumptions about the distributional form of the fluctuating component of backscatter over small spatial scales. C1 [Buscombe, D.; Grams, P. E.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kaplinski, M. A.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dbuscombe@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX Data and computer code to reproduce the results from this manuscript are available from the authors. The data analyzed and discussed in this manuscript were collected by the dedicated efforts of many field technicians, river guides, and volunteers. Special thanks to David Rubin, Robert Tusso, Peter Wilcock, and Joseph Hazel for data collection and discussions. Thanks to Erich Mueller for stylistic guidance. This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Thanks to the Editor, Associate Editor, Chris Sherwood, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which improved the quality of this paper. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2692 EP 2710 DI 10.1002/2014JF003191 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA2JX UT WOS:000348735700009 ER PT J AU Duxbury, TC Christensen, P Smith, DE Neumann, GA Kirk, RL Caplinger, MA Albee, AA Seregina, NV Neukum, G Archinal, BA AF Duxbury, T. C. Christensen, P. Smith, D. E. Neumann, G. A. Kirk, R. L. Caplinger, M. A. Albee, A. A. Seregina, N. V. Neukum, G. Archinal, B. A. TI The location of Airy-0, the Mars prime meridian reference, from stereo photogrammetric processing of THEMIS IR imaging and digital elevation data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; prime meridian; Airy-0; cartography; THEMIS; MOLA ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; ODYSSEY MISSION; SYSTEM AB The small crater Airy-0 was selected from Mariner 9 images to be the reference for the Mars prime meridian. Initial analyses in the year 2000 tied Viking Orbiter and Mars Orbiter Camera images of Airy-0 to the evolving Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter global digital terrain model to update the location of Airy-0. Based upon this tie and radiometric tracking of landers/rovers from Earth, new expressions for the Mars spin axis direction, spin rate, and prime meridian epoch value were produced to define the orientation of the Martian surface in inertial space over time. Since the Mars Global Surveyor mission and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter global digital terrain model were completed some time ago, a more exhaustive study has been performed to determine the accuracy of the Airy-0 location and orientation of Mars at the standard epoch. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) IR image cubes of the Airy and Gale crater regions were tied to the global terrain grid using precision stereo photogrammetric image processing techniques. The Airy-0 location was determined to be about 0.001 degrees east of its predicted location using the currently defined International Astronomical Union (IAU) prime meridian location. Information on this new location and how it was derived will be provided to the NASA Mars Exploration Program Geodesy and Cartography Working Group for their assessment. This NASA group will make a recommendation to the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements to update the expression for the Mars spin axis direction, spin rate, and prime meridian location. C1 [Duxbury, T. C.; Seregina, N. V.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Christensen, P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Smith, D. E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Neumann, G. A.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kirk, R. L.; Archinal, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Caplinger, M. A.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Albee, A. A.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seregina, N. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Geol Fac, Dept Geocryol, Moscow, Russia. [Neukum, G.] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany. RP Duxbury, TC (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tduxbury@gmu.edu RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013 OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist; Mars Express Participating Scientist; Mars Data Analysis Programs FX Appreciation is expressed to the MGS, ODY, and MEX flight operation teams and the MOLA, THEMIS, and HRSC science teams without whose efforts the data used in this article would not have been available. E. Wright and A. Maser of JPL configured the computer used for this analysis to use the NAIF SPICE toolkit and system of data kernels and the X-terminal image display tools. This work was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate 2001 Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist, the Mars Express Participating Scientist, and the Mars Data Analysis Programs. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2471 EP 2486 DI 10.1002/2014JE004678 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GJ UT WOS:000348453000004 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE AF Geissler, Paul E. TI The birth and death of transverse aeolian ridges on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; TARs ID WIND STREAKS; DUNES; CRATER; ANTIDUNES; MECHANICS; THARSIS; CAMERA; ROVER AB Transverse aeolian ridges (TARs) are small bright windblown deposits found throughout the Martian tropics that stand a few meters tall and are spaced a few tens of meters apart. The origin of these features remains mysterious more than 20years after their discovery on Mars. This paper presents a new hypothesis, that some of the TARs could be indurated dust deposits emplaced millions of years ago during periods of higher axial obliquity. It suggests that these TARs are primary depositional bed forms that accumulated in place from dust carried by the winds in suspension, perhaps in a manner comparable to antidunes on Earth, and were subsequently indurated and eroded to their current states by eons of sandblasting. It points out examples of modern dust drifts and dune-like features that appear to have been recently formed by dust accumulating directly onto the surface from atmospheric suspension. It shows how these pristine dust deposits could evolve to explain the range of morphologies of the TARs. Finally, it explains how the known properties of many TARs are consistent with this hypothesis, including their composition, thermal behavior, and distribution. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2583 EP 2599 DI 10.1002/2014JE004633 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GJ UT WOS:000348453000010 ER PT J AU Phrampus, BJ Hornbach, MJ Ruppel, CD Hart, PE AF Phrampus, Benjamin J. Hornbach, Matthew J. Ruppel, Carolyn D. Hart, Patrick E. TI Widespread gas hydrate instability on the upper U.S. Beaufort margin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE gas hydrate; heat flow; seismic reflection; ocean temperature; modeling; Beaufort Sea ID HEAT-FLOW; METHANE HYDRATE; CANADA BASIN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; PASSIVE MARGIN; BLAKE RIDGE; PRUDHOE BAY; FLUID-FLOW; SEA-FLOOR AB The most climate-sensitive methane hydrate deposits occur on upper continental slopes at depths close to the minimum pressure and maximum temperature for gas hydrate stability. At these water depths, small perturbations in intermediate ocean water temperatures can lead to gas hydrate dissociation. The Arctic Ocean has experienced more dramatic warming than lower latitudes, but observational data have not been used to study the interplay between upper slope gas hydrates and warming ocean waters. Here we use (a) legacy seismic data that constrain upper slope gas hydrate distributions on the U.S. Beaufort Sea margin, (b) Alaskan North Slope borehole data and offshore thermal gradients determined from gas hydrate stability zone thickness to infer regional heat flow, and (c) 1088 direct measurements to characterize multidecadal intermediate ocean warming in the U.S. Beaufort Sea. Combining these data with a three-dimensional thermal model shows that the observed gas hydrate stability zone is too deep by 100 to 250m. The disparity can be partially attributed to several processes, but the most important is the reequilibration (thinning) of gas hydrates in response to significant (0.5 degrees C at 2 sigma certainty) warming of intermediate ocean temperatures over 39years in a depth range that brackets the upper slope extent of the gas hydrate stability zone. Even in the absence of additional ocean warming, 0.44 to 2.2Gt of methane could be released from reequilibrating gas hydrates into the sediments underlying an area of 5-7.5x10(3)km(2) on the U.S. Beaufort Sea upper slope during the next century. C1 [Phrampus, Benjamin J.; Hornbach, Matthew J.] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Ruppel, Carolyn D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hart, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Phrampus, BJ (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM bphrampus@smu.edu OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FE0010180]; USGS-DOE [DE-FE0005806] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), grant DE-FE0010180 to SMU and a USGS-DOE interagency agreement DE-FE0005806. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All data used in this analysis are publically available. The 1977 MCS data were obtained from the USGS, heat flow data from previously published works, and CTD data from the World Ocean Database. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8594 EP 8609 DI 10.1002/2014JB011290 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GC UT WOS:000348452200002 ER PT J AU Vandemeulebrouck, J Sohn, RA Rudolph, ML Hurwitz, S Manga, M Johnston, MJS Soule, SA McPhee, D Glen, JMG Karlstrom, L Murphy, F AF Vandemeulebrouck, Jean Sohn, Robert A. Rudolph, Maxwell L. Hurwitz, Shaul Manga, Michael Johnston, Malcolm J. S. Soule, S. Adam McPhee, Darcy Glen, Jonathan M. G. Karlstrom, Leif Murphy, Fred TI Eruptions at Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 2. Constraints on subsurface dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE geyser; geophysics; tremor ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; BUBBLE COLLAPSE; FLOW-THROUGH; FREE-SURFACE; VOLCANO; TREMOR; PERIODICITY; CONDUITS; MODEL AB We use seismic, tilt, lidar, thermal, and gravity data from 32 consecutive eruption cycles of Lone Star geyser in Yellowstone National Park to identify key subsurface processes throughout the geyser's eruption cycle. Previously, we described measurements and analyses associated with the geyser's erupting jet dynamics. Here we show that seismicity is dominated by hydrothermal tremor (5-40Hz) attributed to the nucleation and/or collapse of vapor bubbles. Water discharge during eruption preplay triggers high-amplitude tremor pulses from a back azimuth aligned with the geyser cone, but during the rest of the eruption cycle it is shifted to the east-northeast. Moreover, 4min period ground surface displacements recur every 268min and are uncorrelated with the eruption cycle. Based on these observations, we conclude that (1) the dynamical behavior of the geyser is controlled by the thermo-mechanical coupling between the geyser conduit and a laterally offset reservoir periodically filled with a highly compressible two-phase mixture, (2) liquid and steam slugs periodically ascend into the shallow crust near the geyser system inducing detectable deformation, (3) eruptions occur when the pressure decrease associated with overflow from geyser conduit during preplay triggers an unstable feedback between vapor generation (cavitation) and mass discharge, and (4) flow choking at a constriction in the conduit arrests the runaway process and increases the saturated vapor pressure in the reservoir by a factor of 10 during eruptions. C1 [Vandemeulebrouck, Jean] Univ Savoie, CNRS, ISTerre, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Sohn, Robert A.; Soule, S. Adam] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rudolph, Maxwell L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Hurwitz, Shaul; Johnston, Malcolm J. S.; McPhee, Darcy; Glen, Jonathan M. G.; Murphy, Fred] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Manga, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Karlstrom, Leif] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vandemeulebrouck, J (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, ISTerre, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. EM jvand@univ-savoie.fr OI Rudolph, Maxwell/0000-0001-7721-4224; Soule, Adam/0000-0002-4691-6300; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program; National Science Foundation FX We thank Doug Myren, Claire Pontbriand, Erin Looby, and Nellie Olsen for their assistance with the field work, and Stacey Gunther and Christie Hendrix for their assistance acquiring a research permit to work in Yellowstone National Park. Funding for USGS team members was provided by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. R. Sohn's participation was supported by the WHOI Green Technology Program. M. Manga, L. Karlstrom and M. Rudolph did receive salary from the National Science Foundation to spend time on this project. We thank John Lyons, an anonymous reviewer, and Robert Lowell for helpful and constructive reviews. The data sets used in this paper are available upon request from the authors. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8688 EP 8707 DI 10.1002/2014JB011526 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GC UT WOS:000348452200007 ER PT J AU Neuzil, CE Provost, AM AF Neuzil, C. E. Provost, A. M. TI Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE glacial mechanical; pressure anomalies; underpressures; low permeability ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; INDUCED STRESSES; PRESSURE; GROUNDWATER; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; SIMULATIONS; GLACIATIONS; PERMAFROST; LAURENTIDE AB Strong fluid underpressures have been detected in Paleozoic strata in the eastern Michigan Basin, with hydraulic heads reaching 400m below land surface (4MPa underpressure) and 200m below sea level in strata where unusually low permeabilities (10(-20)-10(-23)m(2)) were measured in situ. Multiple glaciations, including three with as much as 3km of ice cover at the site in the last 120ka, suggest a causal link with the underpressures. We examined this possibility using a one-dimensional groundwater flow model incorporating mechanical loading from both ice weight and lithospheric flexure. Because hydrologic and mechanical changes during glaciation are not well characterized and subsurface properties are imperfectly known, the model was used inversely to estimate flexural loads and loosely constrained permeabilities by matching observed pressures. Acceptable matches were obtained for a surprisingly wide range of scenarios with permeabilities close to measured values and plausible flexural loads. Matches were not obtained when too many parameters were preselected, or when permeabilities were constrained to be significantly larger than measured values. In successful model runs groundwater expulsion under glacial-mechanical loads caused the underpressuring, and flexural loads were important if aquifer and sub-glacial pressures were significantly elevated during glaciation. Simulated fluid pressures in the low-permeability strata fluctuated by 30-40MPa during glacial cycles but resulted in advective transport of only tens of meters or less. Although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out, we conclude that glacial-mechanical forcing of a water-saturated system can explain the observed underpressures. C1 [Neuzil, C. E.; Provost, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Neuzil, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ceneuzil@usgs.gov FU Canadian Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO); National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The numerical codes and model input and output files used in this research are available from the corresponding author. This work was supported by the Canadian Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) and the National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to Ward Sanford, Mark Jensen, Rick Beauheim, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful and thorough reviews, and to Dick Peltier for clarification of stress changes during glaciation. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8748 EP 8769 DI 10.1002/2014JB011643 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GC UT WOS:000348452200010 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Tullis, T Junger, J Kilgore, B Goldsby, D AF Beeler, N. M. Tullis, Terry Junger, Jenni Kilgore, Brian Goldsby, David TI Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE friction ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRESS DROP; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; DEPENDENT FRICTION; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; LOADING VELOCITY; SINGLE DEGREE; STICK-SLIP; BEHAVIOR; DISPLACEMENT AB In this study, rock friction stick-slip experiments are used to develop constraints on models of earthquake recurrence. Constant rate loading of bare rock surfaces in high-quality experiments produces stick-slip recurrence that is periodic at least to second order. When the loading rate is varied, recurrence is approximately inversely proportional to loading rate. These laboratory events initiate due to a slip-rate-dependent process that also determines the size of the stress drop and, as a consequence, stress drop varies weakly but systematically with loading rate. This is especially evident in experiments where the loading rate is changed by orders of magnitude, as is thought to be the loading condition of naturally occurring, small repeating earthquakes driven by afterslip, or low-frequency earthquakes loaded by episodic slip. The experimentally observed stress drops are well described by a logarithmic dependence on recurrence interval that can be cast as a nonlinear slip predictable model. The fault's rate dependence of strength is the key physical parameter. Additionally, even at constant loading rate the most reproducible laboratory recurrence is not exactly periodic, unlike existing friction recurrence models. We present example laboratory catalogs that document the variance and show that in large catalogs, even at constant loading rate, stress drop and recurrence covary systematically. The origin of this covariance is largely consistent with variability of the dependence of fault strength on slip rate. Laboratory catalogs show aspects of both slip and time predictability, and successive stress drops are strongly correlated indicating a memory of prior slip history that extends over at least one recurrence cycle. C1 [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Tullis, Terry; Junger, Jenni; Goldsby, David] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kilgore, Brian] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov RI Kilgore, Brian/K-3433-2012 OI Kilgore, Brian/0000-0003-0530-7979 FU Southern California Earthquake Center [04097]; NSF [EAR-0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008] FX Data used in the figures and analysis are found in the Tables 1-4. The large untabled data set from fr97sg is available from the corresponding author (N.M.B.). The particular experimental procedures used were developed by John D. Weeks. The experiments were conducted by J.D.W. and N.M.B. Telemaco Tesei pointed out the earlier numerical study by Radiquet et al., in which memory effects have been reported. The analysis used here was developed during a project studying stick-slip at high loading rates with Giulio Di Toro under a 2007 European Research Council Starting grant: Uncovering the secrets of an earthquake, and in a Southern California Earthquake Center grant 04097 on dynamic rupture and earthquake recurrence to Brown University. SCEC is presently funded by NSF Cooperative agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1811. David Lockner and Greg McLaskey of the USGS, and Chris Marone and an anonymous JGR referee provided reviews that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8770 EP 8791 DI 10.1002/2014JB011184 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GC UT WOS:000348452200011 ER PT J AU Sirois, AM Gibbs, JP Whitlock, AL Erb, LA AF Sirois, Angela Marie Gibbs, James P. Whitlock, Alison L. Erb, Lori A. TI Effects of Habitat Alterations on Bog Turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii): A Comparison of Two Populations SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; CLEMMYS-MUHLENBERGII; HOME-RANGE; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; SEASONAL ACTIVITY; MOVEMENTS; CONSERVATION; DEMOGRAPHICS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION AB Bog Turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) are imperiled by habitat loss and degradation; yet, population responses to habitat management and restoration efforts have not been well documented because of the difficulties of studying this long-lived species. We compared Bog Turtle population demography and habitat use from 1994 to 2009 at two sites in Massachusetts, USA: one site was managed for nonnative invasive species and natural succession (Site 1), and the other site was flooded from American Beaver (Castor canadensis) activity resulting in an expansion of nonnative invasive plants (Site 2). A mark recapture study involving 90 individual turtles indicated that survival rates and population sizes remained stable before and after habitat management at Site 1 where the extent of high suitable habitat remained the same, whereas population size and survival rates declined at Site 2 where the extent of low suitable habitat increased. Together, these results suggest that habitat management and restoration efforts can improve or maintain the status of Bog Turtle populations. This study supports the value of properly planned and enacted habitat management actions for this federally threatened and state endangered species. C1 [Sirois, Angela Marie; Gibbs, James P.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Whitlock, Alison L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Reg Off, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Erb, Lori A.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Nat Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Sirois, AM (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Western Massachusetts Program, Great Barrington, MA 01230 USA. EM asirois@tnc.org FU Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program's Small Research Contracts Program; Massachusetts Chapter of The Nature Conservancy FX This study was funded by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program's Small Research Contracts Program. Much indirect support was provided by the Massachusetts Chapter of The Nature Conservancy. K. Shoemaker and J. Frair provided valuable assistance with data analysis. This research was conducted under the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Institutional Animal Care and Use, Protocol 2009-6. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1670/12-250 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AZ9RS UT WOS:000348552300003 ER PT J AU Siers, SR Savidge, JA Reed, RN AF Siers, Shane R. Savidge, Julie A. Reed, Robert N. TI Invasive Brown Treesnake Movements at Road Edges Indicate Road-Crossing Avoidance SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; TREE SNAKE; MORTALITY; IMPACTS; GUAM; POPULATIONS; BIOLOGY; DISPERSAL; LOCATION; PATTERNS AB Roads have significant impacts on the dispersal of wildlife. Although this poses a threat to the abundance and diversity of desirable flora and fauna, it also affords some opportunity for enhancing control of invasive species. Roads are the most common terrain features that may affect the rate of landscape-scale movements of invasive Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) throughout Guam. We radio tracked 45 free-ranging Brown Treesnakes in close proximity to two roads in Guam and recorded instances where daily relocations of snakes spanned roads. Then we reconstructed observed movement histories with randomized turning angles, which served as a useful null hypothesis for assessing the effect of roads or road edge habitat on Brown Treesnake movement patterns. Random walk simulations demonstrated that Brown Treesnakes crossed these roads at a rate far lower than would be expected if snake movement was random with respect to roads and road edge habitat. We discuss two alternative hypotheses for these results: 1) habitat gaps posed by roads physically or behaviorally restrict snake movement; or 2) road edges provide preferred foraging habitat from which snakes are reluctant to depart. Because roads often form the boundaries of jurisdictional and management units, the effects of roads on the movement of invasive Brown Treesnakes will influence the prospects for success of future landscape-level suppression efforts. C1 [Siers, Shane R.; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Siers, SR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sierss@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1670/13-037 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AZ9RS UT WOS:000348552300009 ER PT J AU Collett, TS AF Collett, Timothy S. TI Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 Preface SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 58 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.020 PN A PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4WY UT WOS:000347577000001 ER PT J AU Collett, TS Boswell, R Cochran, JR Kumar, P Lall, M Mazumdar, A Ramana, MV Ramprasad, T Riedel, M Sain, K Sathe, AV Vishwanath, K AF Collett, Timothy S. Boswell, Ray Cochran, James R. Kumar, Pushpendra Lall, Malcolm Mazumdar, Aninda Ramana, Mangipudi Venkata Ramprasad, Tammisetti Riedel, Michael Sain, Kalachand Sathe, Arun Vasant Vishwanath, Krishna CA NGHP Expedition 01 Sci Party TI Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Gas; Resources; India; Krishna-Godavari Basin; Mahanadi Basin; Andaman Sea; Kerala-Konkan Basin ID WESTERN CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OCCURRENCES AB The Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01) is designed to study the occurrence of gas hydrate along the passive continental margin of the Indian Peninsula and in the Andaman convergent margin, with special emphasis on understanding the geologic and geochemical controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in these two diverse settings. The NGHP-01 expedition established the presence of gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins, and the Andaman Sea. The expedition discovered in the Krishna-Godavari Basin one of the thickest gas hydrate accumulations ever documented, in the Andaman Sea one of the thickest and deepest gas hydrate stability zones in the world, and established the existence of a fully developed gas hydrate petroleum system in all three basins. The primary goal of NGHP-01 was to conduct scientific ocean drilling/coring, logging, and analytical activities to assess the geologic occurrence, regional context, and characteristics of gas hydrate deposits along the continental margins of India. This was done in order to meet the long-term goal of exploiting gas hydrate as a potential energy resource in a cost effective and safe manner. During its 113.5-day voyage, the D/V JOIDES Resolution cored and/or drilled 39 holes at 21 sites (1 site in Kerala-Konkan, 15 sites in Krishna-Godavari, 4 sites in Mahanadi, and 1 site in the Andaman deep offshore area), penetrated more than 9250 m of sedimentary section, and recovered nearly 2850 m of core. Twelve holes were logged with logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools and an additional 13 holes were wireline logged. The science team utilized extensive on-board laboratory facilities to examine and prepare preliminary reports on the physical properties, geochemistry, and sedimentology of all the data collected prior to the end of the expedition. Samples were also analyzed in additional post-expedition shore-based studies conducted in leading laboratories around the world. One of the specific objectives of this expedition was to test gas hydrate formation models and constrain model parameters, especially those that account for the formation of concentrated gas hydrate accumulations. The necessary data for characterizing the occurrence of in situ gas hydrate, such as interstitial water chlorinities, core-derived gas chemistry, physical and sedimentological properties, thermal images of the recovered cores, and downhole measured logging data (LWD and/or conventional wireline log data), were obtained from most of the drill sites established during NGHP-01. Almost all of the drill sites yielded evidence for the occurrence of gas hydrate; however, the inferred in situ concentration of gas hydrate varied substantially from site to site. For the most part, the interpretation of downhole logging data, core thermal images, interstitial water analyses, and pressure core images from the sites drilled during NGHP-01 indicate that the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate is mostly associated with the presence of fractures in the sediments, and in some limited cases, by coarser grained (mostly sand-rich) sediments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Cochran, James R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kumar, Pushpendra] Oil & Nat Gas Corp Ltd, Inst Engn & Ocean Technol, Panvel 410221, Navi Mumbai, India. [Lall, Malcolm; Vishwanath, Krishna] Directorate Gen Hydrocarbons, Noida, India. [Mazumdar, Aninda; Ramprasad, Tammisetti] CSIR Natl Inst Oceanog, Donapaula 403004, Goa, India. [Ramana, Mangipudi Venkata] Mauritius Oceanog Inst, Grand Port 2304274434, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius. [Riedel, Michael] Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Sain, Kalachand] CSIR Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Sathe, Arun Vasant] Oil & Nat Gas Corp Ltd, KDM Inst Petr Explorat, Dehra Dun 248195, Uttaranchal, India. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967 FU Oil Industry Development Board; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation; GAIL; OIL India; NGHP: MOPNG; DGH; ONGC; OIL; NIO; NIOT; RIL; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI21-92MC29214] FX The editors wish to thank those that contributed to the success of the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01). NGHP-01 was planned and managed through collaboration between the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (India), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Consortium for Scientific Methane Hydrate Investigations (CSMHI) led by Overseas Drilling Limited (ODL) and FUGRO McClelland Marine Geosciences (FUGRO). The platform for the drilling operation was the research D/V JOIDES Resolution, operated by ODL. Much of the drilling/coring equipment used was provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) through a loan agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation. Wireline pressure coring systems and supporting laboratories were provided by IODP/Texas A&M University (TAMU), FUGRO, USGS, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and HYACINTH/GeoTek. Downhole logging operational and technical support was provided by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University. The financial support for the NGHP-01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, GAIL, and OIL India is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MOP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL. The authors and editors are thankful to the Management of the National Gas Hydrate Program, DGH and ONGC for permission to publish this report in the Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology.; This report was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program and the U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI21-92MC29214. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 58 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.021 PN A PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4WY UT WOS:000347577000002 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Collett, TS Boswell, R Cochran, JR Lall, M Mazumdar, A Ramana, MV Ramprasad, T Riedel, M Sain, K Sathe, AV Vishwanath, K Yadav, US AF Kumar, Pushpendra Collett, Timothy S. Boswell, Ray Cochran, James R. Lall, Malcolm Mazumdar, Aninda Ramana, Mangipudi Venkata Ramprasad, Tammisetti Riedel, Michael Sain, Kalachand Sathe, Arun Vasant Vishwanath, Krishna Yadav, U. S. CA NGHP Expedition 01 Sci Party TI Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: Krishna-Godavari Basin, Mahanadi Basin, Andaman Sea, Kerala-Konkan Basin SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Gas; Resources; India; Krishna-Godavari Basin; Mahanadi Basin; Andaman Sea; Kerala-Konkan Basin ID MULTIDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATIONS; METHANE HYDRATE; EAST-COAST; OCEAN; HISTORY; BENGAL; BAY; SEDIMENTS; EVOLUTION AB Gas hydrate resource assessments that indicate enormous global volumes of gas present within hydrate accumulations have been one of the primary driving forces behind the growing interest in gas hydrates. Gas hydrate volumetric estimates in recent years have focused on documenting the geologic parameters in the "gas hydrate petroleum system" that control the occurrence of gas hydrates in nature. The primary goals of this report are to review our present understanding of the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in the offshore of India and to document the application of the petroleum system approach to the study of gas hydrates. National Gas Hydrate Program of India executed the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01) in 2006 in four areas located on the eastern and western margins of the Indian Peninsula and in the Andaman Sea. These areas have experienced very different tectonic and depositional histories. The peninsular margins are passive continental margins resulting from a series of rifting episodes during the breakup and dispersion of Gondwanaland to form the present Indian Ocean. The Andaman Sea is bounded on its western side by a convergent margin where the Indian plate lithosphere is being subducted beneath southeast Asia. NGHP-01 drilled, logged, and/or cored 15 sites (31 holes) in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, 4 sites (5 holes) in the Mahanadi Basin, 1 site (2 holes) in the Andaman Sea, and 1 site (1 hole) in the Kerala-Konkan Basin. Holes were drilled using standard drilling methods for the purpose of logging-while-drilling and dedicated wireline logging; as well as through the use of a variety of standard coring systems and specialized pressure coring systems. NGHP-01 yielded evidence of gas hydrate from downhole log and core data obtained from all the sites in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, the Mahanadi Basin, and in the Andaman Sea. The site drilled in the Kerala-Konkan Basin during NGHP-01 did not yield any evidence of gas hydrate. Most of the downhole log-inferred gas hydrate and core-recovered gas hydrate were characterized as either fracture-filling in clay-dominated sediments or as pore-filling or grain-displacement particles disseminated in both fine-and coarse-grained sediments. Geochemical analyses of gases obtained from sediment cores recovered during NGHP-01 indicated that the gas in most all of the hydrates in the offshore of India is derived from microbial sources; only one site in the Andaman Sea exhibited limited evidence of a thermogenic gas source. The gas hydrate petroleum system concept has been used to effectively characterize the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrates in the offshore of India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kumar, Pushpendra; Sathe, Arun Vasant; Yadav, U. S.] Oil & Nat Gas Corp Ltd, KDM Inst Petr Explorat, Dehra Dun 248195, Uttarakhand, India. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Cochran, James R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Lall, Malcolm; Vishwanath, Krishna] Directorate Gen Hydrocarbons, Noida, India. [Mazumdar, Aninda; Ramprasad, Tammisetti] Natl Inst Oceanog, Donapaula 403004, Goa, India. [Ramana, Mangipudi Venkata] Mauritius Oceanog Inst, Grand Port, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius. [Riedel, Michael] Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Sain, Kalachand] Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967 FU Oil Industry Development Board; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.; GAIL (India) Ltd.; Oil India Ltd.; NGHP: MOPNG; DGH; ONGC; GAIL; OIL; NIO; NIOT; RIL; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI21-92MC29214] FX The editors wish to thank those that contributed to the success of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01). NGHP-01 was planned and managed through collaboration between the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (India), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Consortium for Scientific Methane Hydrate Investigations (CSMHI) led by Overseas Drilling Limited (ODL) and FUGRO McClelland Marine Geosciences (FUGRO). The platform for the drilling operation was the research D/V JOIDES Resolution, operated by ODL. Much of the drilling/coring equipment used was provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) through a loan agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation. Wireline pressure coring systems and supporting laboratories were provided by IODP/Texas A&M University (TAMU), FUGRO, USGS, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and HYACINTH/GeoTek. Downhole logging operational and technical support was provided by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University. The financial support for the NGHP-01 from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MOP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL. The authors and editors are thankful to the Management of the National Gas Hydrate Program, DGH and ONGC for permission to publish this report in the Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology.; This contribution was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program and the U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI21-92MC29214. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 58 BP 29 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.031 PN A PG 70 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4WY UT WOS:000347577000003 ER PT J AU Winters, WJ Wilcox-Cline, RW Long, P Dewri, SK Kumar, P Stern, L Kerr, L AF Winters, W. J. Wilcox-Cline, R. W. Long, P. Dewri, S. K. Kumar, P. Stern, L. Kerr, L. TI Comparison of the physical and geotechnical properties of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments from offshore India and other gas-hydrate-reservoir systems SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physical properties; Gas hydrate; Porosity; Atterberg limits; Consolidation; Permeability; Shear strength; Scanning electron microscopy ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; STRATIGRAPHIC TEST WELL; ALASKA NORTH SLOPE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; KEATHLEY CANYON; FLUID EXPULSION; METHANE HYDRATE; CASCADIA; SEA; PROGRAM AB The sediment characteristics of hydrate-bearing reservoirs profoundly affect the formation, distribution, and morphology of gas hydrate. The presence and type of gas, porewater chemistry, fluid migration, and subbottom temperature may govern the hydrate formation process, but it is the host sediment that commonly dictates final hydrate habit, and whether hydrate may be economically developed. In this paper, the physical properties of hydrate-bearing regions offshore eastern India (Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins) and the Andaman Islands, determined from Expedition NGHP-01 cores, are compared to each other, well logs, and published results of other hydrate reservoirs. Properties from the hydrate-free Kerala-Konkan basin off the west coast of India are also presented. Coarser-grained reservoirs (permafrost-related and marine) may contain high gas-hydrate-pore saturations, while finer-grained reservoirs may contain low-saturation disseminated or more complex gas-hydrates, including nodules, layers, and high-angle planar and rotational veins. However, even in these fine-grained sediments, gas hydrate preferentially forms in coarser sediment or fractures, when present. The presence of hydrate in conjunction with other geologic processes may be responsible for sediment porosity being nearly uniform for almost 500 m off the Andaman Islands. Properties of individual NGHP-01 wells and regional trends are discussed in detail. However, comparison of marine and permafrost-related Arctic reservoirs provides insight into the inter-relationships and common traits between physical properties and the morphology of gas-hydrate reservoirs regardless of location. Extrapolation of properties from one location to another also enhances our understanding of gas-hydrate reservoir systems. Grain size and porosity effects on permeability are critical, both locally to trap gas and regionally to provide fluid flow to hydrate reservoirs. Index properties corroborate more advanced consolidation and triaxial strength test results and can be used for predicting behavior in other NGHP-01 regions. Pseudo-overconsolidation is present near the seafloor and is underlain by underconsolidation at depth at some NGHP-01 locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Winters, W. J.; Wilcox-Cline, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Long, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dewri, S. K.; Kumar, P.] Oil & Nat Gas Corp Ltd, Panvel 410221, Navi Mumbai, India. [Stern, L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kerr, L.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Winters, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hydrates92@comcast.net RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 FU Oil Industry Development Board; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.; GAIL (India) Ltd.; Oil India Ltd.; NGHP: MoPNG; DGH; ONGC; GAIL; OIL; NIO; NIOT; RIL; Coastal and Marine Geology, and Energy Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey; USGS Gas Hydrates Project [DE-FE0002911]; U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Hydrates RD Program [DE-FE0002911] FX The authors wish to thank those that contributed to the success of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP01). NGHP01 was planned and managed through collaboration between the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (India), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Consortium for Scientific Methane Hydrate Investigations (CSMHI) led by Overseas Drilling Limited (ODL) and FUGRO McClelland Marine Geosciences (FUGRO). The platform for the drilling operation was the research drill ship JOIDES Resolution, operated by ODL. Much of the drilling/coring equipment used was provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) through a loan agreement with the US National Science Foundation. Wireline pressure coring systems and supporting laboratories were provided by IODP/Texas A&M University (TAMU), FUGRO, USGS, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and HYACINTH/GeoTek. Downhole logging operational and technical support was provided by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University. The financial support for the NGHP01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MoP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL.; Carolyn Ruppel and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. Robert Cannata, Maya Gomes, Kate McMullen, and Rebecca Sorell performed the grain-size analyses. Geotechnical tests for NGHP-01 and IODP X311 samples were performed at GeoTesting Express, Inc., Boxboro, MA by Nancy Hubbard under the supervision of Gary Torosian and Joe Tomei. Mike Driscoll also performed some of the constant-rate-of-strain consolidation tests. H. Todd Schaef performed and processed infrared measurements at sea. Wylie Poag and Jason Chaytor helped interpret SEM images. The drillers and various field staff are thanked for obtaining cores, performing logging runs, and providing logistical support under adverse conditions. Dave Mason fabricated the pressure hoses and prepared other physical-property-related supplies used at sea. The NGHP-01 and other programs discussed in this paper would never have been possible without the leadership and assistance of Tim Collett. This work was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology, and Energy Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Partial support for this research was provided by Interagency Agreement DE-FE0002911 between the USGS Gas Hydrates Project and the U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Hydrates R&D Program. NR 120 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 58 BP 139 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.024 PN A PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4WY UT WOS:000347577000006 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Lorenson, TD AF Stern, Laura A. Lorenson, Thomas D. TI Grain-scale imaging and compositional characterization of cryo-preserved India NGHP 01 gas-hydrate-bearing cores SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Scanning electron microscopy; Gas chromatography; Grain morphology; Gas geochemistry; NGHP-01; Indian ocean ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NATURAL-GAS AB We report on grain-scale characteristics and gas analyses of gas-hydrate-bearing samples retrieved by NGHP Expedition 01 as part of a large-scale effort to study gas hydrate occurrences off the eastern-Indian Peninsula and along the Andaman convergent margin. Using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and gas chromatography, we investigated gas hydrate grain morphology and distribution within sediments, gas hydrate composition, and methane isotopic composition of samples from Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin and Andaman back-arc basin borehole sites from depths ranging 26 to 525 mbsf. Gas hydrate in KG-basin samples commonly occurs as nodules or coarse veins with typical hydrate grain size of 30-80 gm, as small pods or thin veins 50 to several hundred microns in width, or disseminated in sediment. Nodules contain abundant and commonly isolated macropores, in some places suggesting the original presence of a free gas phase. Gas hydrate also occurs as faceted crystals lining the interiors of cavities. While these vug-like structures constitute a relatively minor mode of gas hydrate occurrence, they were observed in near-seafloor KG-basin samples as well as in those of deeper origin (>100 mbsf) and may be original formation features. Other samples exhibit gas hydrate grains rimmed by NaCl-bearing material, presumably produced by salt exclusion during original hydrate formation. Well-preserved microfossil and other biogenic detritus are also found within several samples, most abundantly in Andaman core material where gas hydrate fills microfossil crevices. The range of gas hydrate modes of occurrence observed in the full suite of samples suggests a range of formation processes were involved, as influenced by local in situ conditions. The hydrate-forming gas is predominantly methane with trace quantities of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons of primarily microbial origin. The composition indicates the gas hydrate is Structure I. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stern, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lstern@usgs.gov FU Oil Industry Development Board; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.; GAIL (India) Ltd.; Oil India Ltd.; NGHP: MoPNG; DGH; ONGC; GAIL; OIL; NIO; NIOT; RIL; USDOE [DE-FE0002911, DE-A126-05NT42496]; USGS [DE-FE0002911, DE-A126-05NT42496] FX The authors wish to thank those that contributed to the success of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP01). NGHP01 was planned and managed through collaboration between the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (India), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Consortium for Scientific Methane Hydrate Investigations (CSMHI) led by Overseas Drilling Limited (ODL) and FUGRO McClelland Marine Geosciences (FUGRO). The platform for the drilling operation was the research drill ship JOIDES Resolution, operated by ODL. Much of the drilling/coring equipment used was provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) through a loan agreement with the US National Science Foundation. Wireline pressure coring systems and supporting laboratories were provided by IODP/Texas A&M University (TAMU), FUGRO, USGS, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and HYACINTH/GeoTek. Downhole logging operational and technical support was provided by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University. The financial support for the NGHP01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MoP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL.; Partial support for authors LAS and TDL was provided by Interagency Agreements DE-FE0002911 and DE-A126-05NT42496 between the USDOE and the USGS. The authors thank R. Oscarson (USGS) for technical assistance with SEM operations, J. Pinkston (USGS) for helping with X-ray diffraction analyses, and R. Takesue (USGS), D. Moore (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of the manuscript. We also thank T. Kneafsey of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for providing CT X-ray scans of the NGHP-01 cores in advance of this study. Burt Chen (National Taiwan University) photographed the image in Figure 18B1. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 58 BP 206 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.027 PN A PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY4WY UT WOS:000347577000011 ER PT J AU Goto, K Chague-Goff, C Goff, J Ikehara, K Jaffe, B AF Goto, Kazuhisa Chague-Goff, Catherine Goff, James Ikehara, Ken Jaffe, Bruce TI Preface for Special Issue of Marine Geology: In the wake of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami - three years on SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Goto, Kazuhisa] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Ikehara, Ken] AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Inst Geol & Geoinformat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Goto, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Aoba Ku, Aoba 6-6-40-102, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM goto@irides.tohoku.ac.jp RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 358 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.11.005 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AZ1RA UT WOS:000348014400001 ER PT J AU Goto, K Ikehara, K Goff, J Chague-Goff, C Jaffe, B AF Goto, Kazuhisa Ikehara, Ken Goff, James Chague-Goff, Catherine Jaffe, Bruce TI The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami Three years on SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami; tsunami deposits; AD869 Jogan tsunami; tsunami geology ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SENDAI COASTAL-PLAIN; EAST JAPAN TSUNAMI; NEW-ZEALAND; FORAMINIFERAL EVIDENCE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; SANDY TSUNAMI AB The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami that devastated the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan was a turning point for modem research. As a result of this event it was recognized that paleotsunami research is vital to help understand the size and recurrence interval of low-frequency large tsunamis. This paper reviews the progress of geological research on the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami and summarizes new questions that are arising out of this work. For example, recent work suggests that the landward extent and thickness of the sandy deposit, as well as the presence or absence of marine microfossils in the sediment are most likely to be mainly controlled by the initial wave properties, sediment source, offshore bathymetry and onshore topography. This in turn implies that there are certain relationships between the characteristics of a tsunami deposit and the wave properties and it may be possible to reconstruct the latter from the deposits. Offshore tsunami deposits related to the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami have also been well described. This recent research indicates that sedimentation and erosion in inner bay and open ocean (similar to 20 m water depth) locations can be in the order of several meters, suggesting that the tsunami shear force was strong in the nearshore zone. On the other hand, sandy to muddy deposits a few centimeters thick were observed at about 100 to 6000 m water depth. It is likely that the tsunami resulted in resuspension of sea bottom sediments and that suspended material flowed downslope as a turbidity current or suspended flow, although many authors recognize the possibility that strong earthquake groundshaking might have also generated turbidity currents. Studies of the 2011 Toholcu-oki event have led researchers back to two of the fundamental issues of tsunami geology: understanding the linkage between onshore and offshore sedimentation and erosion, and establishing identification criteria for tsunami deposits. Moreover though, beyond the issue of simple tsunami geology, it is important for all researchers to communicate with governments and the general public in order to reduce future casualties by using risk assessments based on our understanding of infrequent large tsunamis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goto, Kazuhisa] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Katahira 9808579, Miyagi, Japan. [Ikehara, Ken] AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Inst Geol & Geoinformat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Goff, James; Chague-Goff, Catherine] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Goto, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Katahira 9808579, Miyagi, Japan. EM goto@irides.tohoku.ac.jp RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Chague-Goff, Catherine/0000-0001-9330-8167 NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 358 SI SI BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.08.008 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AZ1RA UT WOS:000348014400002 ER PT J AU Schneider, JL Chague-Goff, C Bouchez, JL Goff, J Sugawara, D Goto, K Jaffe, B Richmond, B AF Schneider, Jean-Luc Chague-Goff, Catherine Bouchez, Jean-Luc Goff, James Sugawara, Daisuke Goto, Kazuhisa Jaffe, Bruce Richmond, Bruce TI Using magnetic fabric to reconstruct the dynamics of tsunami deposition on the Sendai Plain, Japan The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami deposits; anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (magnetic fabric); grain-size analysis; Tohoku-oki tsunami; Japan ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SEDIMENT SOURCES; FLOW DIRECTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; ANISOTROPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSIGHTS; SHAPE; WATER; DISPERSION AB The magnetic fabric and grain size of sand deposits emplaced during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami were studied in five trenches along a 1800 m long shore normal transect on the Sendai plain as well as in a near shore sedimentary infill of a scour depression. The magnetic susceptibility in all deposits is due to ferromagnetic minerals (mainly magnetite) making the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (magnetic fabric) suitable for fabric analyses. The dominant magnetic fabric is planar in all trenches and stronger in finer-grained inland deposits than in the coarser sediments. This planar fabric is related to tractive shearing of the bedload basal portion of the tsunami flow that led to the deposition of traction carpet layers. Among the various fabric parameters used for this study, the vertical evolution of the shape factor (q) of the magnetic ellipsoid in each trench follows the evolution of the magnetic lineation (L) and foliation (F). These parameters provide information on the hydrodynamic energy (flow speed) fluctuations during the emplacement of the tsunami deposit. For the most proximal deposits, characterized by well-sorted reworked beach sand with minor fluctuations in grain-size distribution, the magnetic fabric is sensitive to hydrodynamic energy variations during sedimentation. Reconstruction of tsunami flow orientation in the sediments, based on the orientation of the mean IC, a calculated for each trench, appears to be unambiguous only for the sandy infills of small topographic depressions. The variations in flow direction indicators elsewhere could be related to local variation of the flow and to micro-topographic effects. These findings are encouraging for the use of the magnetic fabric proxy in the study of paleotsunami deposits. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schneider, Jean-Luc] Univ Bordeaux, EPOC, CNRS, Observ Aquitain Sci Uni,UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France. [Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Bouchez, Jean-Luc] Toulouse Univ, GET, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Sugawara, Daisuke; Goto, Kazuhisa] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Jaffe, Bruce; Richmond, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Schneider, JL (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France. EM jl.schneider@epoc.u-bordeaux1.fr; c.chague-goff@unsw.edu.au; bouchez@get.obs-mip.fr; j.goff@unsw.edu.au; sugawara@irides.tohoku.ac.jp; goto@irides.tohoku.ac.jp; bjaffe@usgs.gov; brichmond@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 358 SI SI BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.010 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA AZ1RA UT WOS:000348014400009 ER PT J AU Boano, F Harvey, JW Marion, A Packman, AI Revelli, R Ridolfi, L Worman, A AF Boano, F. Harvey, J. W. Marion, A. Packman, A. I. Revelli, R. Ridolfi, L. Woerman, A. TI Hyporheic flow and transport processes: Mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE hyporheic; stream-aquifer; sw-gw interactions; surface water; groundwater; river ID TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; STREAM-SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; AMBIENT GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; MULTIPLE-REACH EXPERIMENTS; 4TH-ORDER MOUNTAIN STREAM; MULTIRATE MASS-TRANSFER; SURFACE WATER EXCHANGE AB Fifty years of hyporheic zone research have shown the important role played by the hyporheic zone as an interface between groundwater and surface waters. However, it is only in the last two decades that what began as an empirical science has become a mechanistic science devoted to modeling studies of the complex fluid dynamical and biogeochemical mechanisms occurring in the hyporheic zone. These efforts have led to the picture of surface-subsurface water interactions as regulators of the form and function of fluvial ecosystems. Rather than being isolated systems, surface water bodies continuously interact with the subsurface. Exploration of hyporheic zone processes has led to a new appreciation of their wide reaching consequences for water quality and stream ecology. Modern research aims toward a unified approach, in which processes occurring in the hyporheic zone are key elements for the appreciation, management, and restoration of the whole river environment. In this unifying context, this review summarizes results from modeling studies and field observations about flow and transport processes in the hyporheic zone and describes the theories proposed in hydrology and fluid dynamics developed to quantitatively model and predict the hyporheic transport of water, heat, and dissolved and suspended compounds from sediment grain scale up to the watershed scale. The implications of these processes for stream biogeochemistry and ecology are also discussed. C1 [Boano, F.; Revelli, R.; Ridolfi, L.] Politecn Torino, Dept Environm Land & Infrastruct Engn, Turin, Italy. [Harvey, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Marion, A.] Univ Padua, Dept Ind Engn, Padua, Italy. [Packman, A. I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Woerman, A.] Royal Inst Technol, Inst Land & Water Resources, Div River Engn, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Boano, F (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Environm Land & Infrastruct Engn, Turin, Italy. EM fulvio.boano@polito.it RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Revelli, Roberto/0000-0001-9704-260X; RIDOLFI, Luca/0000-0003-2947-8641; Boano, Fulvio/0000-0003-4785-3126 FU USGS HRD program; USGS NAWQA program; NSF [EAR-0810270, EAR-1344280] FX J.W.H. was partially funded by USGS HR&D and NAWQA programs. A.I.P.'s effort was supported by NSF grants EAR-0810270 and EAR-1344280. The authors thank the Associate Editor Bayani Cardenas, Martin Briggs, Mark Meerscaert, Brian Berkowitz, Rina Schumer, Diogo Bolster, and five anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments to the manuscript. NR 564 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 28 U2 174 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 603 EP 679 DI 10.1002/2012RG000417 PG 77 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GA UT WOS:000348452000002 ER PT J AU Golombek, MP Warner, NH Ganti, V Lamb, MP Parker, TJ Fergason, RL Sullivan, R AF Golombek, M. P. Warner, N. H. Ganti, V. Lamb, M. P. Parker, T. J. Fergason, R. L. Sullivan, R. TI Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; erosion; climate; crater modification; erosion rate ID SMALL IMPACT CRATERS; ROVER LANDING SITE; MARTIAN HIGHLANDS; DEPOSITS; DENUDATION; SEDIMENT; SLOPE; MORPHOMETRY; OPPORTUNITY; EVOLUTION AB A morphometric and morphologic catalog of similar to 100 small craters imaged by the Opportunity rover over the 33.5km traverse between Eagle and Endeavour craters on Meridiani Planum shows craters in six stages of degradation that range from fresh and blocky to eroded and shallow depressions ringed by planed off rim blocks. The age of each morphologic class from < 50-200ka to similar to 20Ma has been determined from the size-frequency distribution of craters in the catalog, the retention age of small craters on Meridiani Planum, and the age of the latest phase of ripple migration. The rate of degradation of the craters has been determined from crater depth, rim height, and ejecta removal over the class age. These rates show a rapid decrease from 1m/Myr for craters < 1Ma to similar to < 0.1m/Myr for craters 10-20Ma, which can be explained by topographic diffusion with modeled diffusivities of similar to 10(-6)m(2)/yr. In contrast to these relatively fast, short-term erosion rates, previously estimated average erosion rates on Mars over 100 Myr and 3 Gyr timescales from the Amazonian and Hesperian are of order < 0.01m/Myr, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude slower than typical terrestrial rates. Erosion rates during the Middle-Late Noachian averaged over similar to 250 Myr, and similar to 700 Myr intervals are around 1m/Myr, comparable to slow terrestrial erosion rates calculated over similar timescales. This argues for a wet climate before similar to 3Ga in which liquid water was the erosional agent, followed by a dry environment dominated by slow eolian erosion. C1 [Golombek, M. P.; Warner, N. H.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Warner, N. H.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY USA. [Ganti, V.; Lamb, M. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fergason, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sullivan, R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Golombek, MP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX13AM83G]; NSF NCED2 program FX Research described in this paper was carried out by the Mars Exploration Rover Project, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. All data from the Opportunity rover and HiRISE are available from the NASA Planetary Data System. N. Warner was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program. M. Lamb was supported by NASA grant NNX13AM83G. V. Ganti was supported by NSF NCED2 program. We thank Brad Jolliff for help with the crater catalog, John Grant for data on Eagle, Endurance, Victoria, and Santa Maria craters, Jane Willenbring for discussions on timescale bias in erosion rates, C. Fassett, T. Platz, R. Anderson, and P. Geissler for reviews, and V. Carranza, C. Schwartz, and E. Bondi for help with the figures. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 2522 EP 2547 DI 10.1002/2014JE004658 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ8GJ UT WOS:000348453000007 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Bailey, LL Dreher, BP Link, WA AF McClintock, Brett T. Bailey, Larissa L. Dreher, Brian P. Link, William A. TI PROBIT MODELS FOR CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA SUBJECT TO IMPERFECT DETECTION, INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY AND MISIDENTIFICATION SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Data augmentation; individual heterogeneity; latent multinomial; mark recapture; missing data; population size; probit regression; record linkage ID RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; POPULATION-SIZE; CLOSED POPULATION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; MARK-RECAPTURE; MULTIPLE; SURVIVAL; UNCERTAINTY; ERROR; FORMULATION AB As noninvasive sampling techniques for animal populations have become more popular, there has been increasing interest in the development of capture-recapture models that can accommodate both imperfect detection and misidentification of individuals (e.g., due to genotyping error). However, current methods do not allow for individual variation in parameters, such as detection or survival probability. Here we develop misidentification models for capture-recapture data that can simultaneously account for temporal variation, behavioral effects and individual heterogeneity in parameters. To facilitate Bayesian inference using our approach, we extend standard probit regression techniques to latent multinomial models where the dimension and zeros of the response cannot be observed. We also present a novel Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs algorithm for fitting these models using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Using closed population abundance models for illustration, we re-visit a DNA capture-recapture population study of black bears in Michigan, USA and find evidence of misidentification due to genotyping error, as well as temporal, behavioral and individual variation in detection probability. We also estimate a salamander population of known size from laboratory experiments evaluating the effectiveness of a marking technique commonly used for amphibians and fish. Our model was able to reliably estimate the size of this population and provided evidence of individual heterogeneity in misidentification probability that is attributable to variable mark quality. Our approach is more computationally demanding than previously proposed methods, but it provides the flexibility necessary for a much broader suite of models to be explored while properly accounting for uncertainty introduced by misidentification and imperfect detection. In the absence of misidentification, our probit formulation also provides a convenient and efficient Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of traditional closed population capture-recapture data. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservation Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dreher, Brian P.] Colorado Parks & Wildlife, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Link, William A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov; larissa.bailey@colostate.edu; brian.dreher@state.co.us; wlink@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-147-R-2]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Michigan State University FX Funding for the bear example was provided in part by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-147-R-2, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Michigan State University. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 2461 EP 2484 DI 10.1214/14-AOAS783 PG 24 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AY4EF UT WOS:000347530200026 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Vila-Gispert, A Almeida, D AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Vila-Gispert, Anna Almeida, David TI Fitness in animals correlates with proximity to discontinuities in body mass distributions SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ecological theory; Extinction risk; Fish; Resilience; Vulnerability ID CONDITION INDEXES; ECOSYSTEMS; FISH; RESILIENCE; PREDICTORS; PATTERNS; QUALITY; STREAM; LENGTH; SIZE AB Discontinuous structure in landscapes may cause discontinuous, aggregated species body-mass patterns, reflecting the scales of structure available to animal communities within a landscape. Empirical analyses have shown that the location of species within body mass aggregations, which reflect this scale-specific organization, is non-random with regard to several ecological phenomena, including species extinctions. The propensity of declining species to have body masses proximate to discontinuities suggests that transition zones between scaling regimes ultimately decreases the ecological fitness for some species. We test this proposition using vulnerable and unthreatened fish species in Mediterranean streams with differing levels of human impact. We show that the proximity to discontinuities in body mass aggregations ("distance-to-edge") of more vs. less fit individuals within vulnerable and unthreatened populations differs. Specifically, regression analysis between the scaled mass index, a proxy of animal fitness, and distance-to-edge reveals negative and positive relationships for vulnerable and unthreatened species, respectively. That is, fitness is higher close to discontinuities in vulnerable populations and toward the center of body mass aggregation groups in unthreatened populations. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the discontinuity framework for scrutinizing non-random patterns of environmental impact in populations. Further exploration of the usefulness of this method across other ecosystems and organism groups is warranted. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Vila-Gispert, Anna] Univ Girona, Inst Aquat Ecol, Girona 17071, Catalonia, Spain. [Almeida, David] Bournemouth Univ, Ctr Conservat Ecol & Environm Change, Poole BH12 5BB, Dorset, England. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se OI Vila-Gispert, Anna/0000-0001-6430-0262 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 20 SI SI BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.08.001 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ1PO UT WOS:000348010800022 ER PT J AU Zhang, HC Yuan, WP Dong, WJ Liu, SG AF Zhang, Haicheng Yuan, Wenping Dong, Wenjie Liu, Shuguang TI Seasonal patterns of litterfall in forest ecosystem worldwide SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE Litterfall; Seasonal pattern; Dynamic vegetation model; Forest ecosystem ID SOIL RESPIRATION; LEAF-LITTER; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON-CYCLE; NUTRIENT RETURN; NEW-ZEALAND; DECOMPOSITION; FALL; MANGROVE; DYNAMICS AB The seasonal litterfall plays an important role in the process of forest carbon and nutrient cycles. The current dynamic vegetation models use a simplified method to simulate seasonal patterns of litterfall, and assume that litterfall inputs distributed evenly through the year for deciduous trees or occur once during the start of year for evergreen trees. In this study, we collected more than 400 litterfall measurements for different forest ecosystems from existing literature and monographs, and analyzed the seasonal patterns of litterfall over the various forest types. The results showed that the total annual litterfall varied significantly by forest types in the range of 3-11 Mg ha(-1) y(-1). The seasonal litterfall patterns had diverse forms and varied obviously among the forest types. For tropical forests, the litter peaks occurred mostly in spring or winter, corresponding to the drought season; for temperate broadleaved and needle-leaved evergreen forests, litter peaks could occur at various seasons; and for temperate deciduous broadleaved and boreal evergreen needle-leaved forests, litter peaks were observed in autumn. Global analyses showed that seasonal patterns of litterfall were determined by both the physiological mechanism and environmental variables. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Haicheng; Yuan, Wenping; Dong, Wenjie] State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Res Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, State Engn Lab Southern Forestry Appl Ecol & Tech, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Yuan, WP (reprint author), State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Res Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM yuanwpcn@126.com; dongwj@bnu.edu.cn FU National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China [41322005]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB833504]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0060] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China (41322005), the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB833504), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0060). NR 73 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 20 SI SI BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.01.003 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AZ1PO UT WOS:000348010800025 ER PT J AU Glorioso, BM Waddle, JH AF Glorioso, Brad M. Waddle, J. Hardin TI A REVIEW OF PIPE AND BAMBOO ARTIFICIAL REFUGIA AS SAMPLING TOOLS IN ANURAN STUDIES SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bamboo trap; Hylidae; methodology; PVC pipe trap; sampling technique; treefrog ID INVASIVE CUBAN TREEFROGS; NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; OSTEOPILUS-SEPTENTRIONALIS; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; HYLID TREEFROGS; AMPHIBIAN DIVERSITY; RANITOMEYA-BIOLAT; ISOLATED WETLANDS; NATIVE TREEFROGS; PRESCRIBED FIRE AB Artificial pipe-like refugia have been used for more than 40 years in anuran studies, and have captured 28 species, primarily (82%) hylid treefrogs. Early pipe-like refugia were made using cut pieces of bamboo in the tropical forests of Puerto Rico, but most recent studies have used synthetic pipes and have occurred primarily in the southeastern United States. Characteristics of artificial refugia (e.g., color, length, and diameter), and their placement in the environment have varied greatly among studies, making comparisons difficult. Here, we summarize and evaluate different pipe designs and placement, address potential concerns when using artificial pipe-like refugia, and suggest studies necessary to better interpret the data gained from this technique in anuran studies. C1 [Glorioso, Brad M.; Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Glorioso, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gloriosob@usgs.gov; waddleh@usgs.gov RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 BP 609 EP 626 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AZ0DE UT WOS:000347915700018 ER PT J AU Forghani-Arani, F Willis, M Snieder, R Haines, SS Behura, J Batzle, M Davidson, M AF Forghani-Arani, Farnoush Willis, Mark Snieder, Roel Haines, Seth S. Behura, Jyoti Batzle, Mike Davidson, Michael TI Dispersion analysis of passive surface-wave noise generated during hydraulic-fracturing operations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Passive; Noise; Surface-wave; Dispersion; Interferometry ID AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; INVERSION; VELOCITY; INTERFEROMETRY; ALGORITHM AB Surface-wave dispersion analysis is useful for estimating near-surface shear-wave velocity models, designing receiver arrays, and suppressing surface waves. Here, we analyze whether passive seismic noise generated during hydraulic-fracturing operations can be used to extract surface-wave dispersion characteristics. Applying seismic interferometry to noise measurements, we extract surface waves by cross-correlating several minutes of passive records; this approach is distinct from previous studies that used hours or days of passive records for cross-correlation. For comparison, we also perform dispersion analysis for an active-source array that has some receivers in common with the passive array. The active and passive data show good agreement in the dispersive character of the fundamental-mode surface-waves. For the higher mode surface waves, however, active and passive data resolve the dispersive properties at different frequency ranges. To demonstrate an application of dispersion analysis, we invert the observed surface-wave dispersion characteristics to determine the near-surface, one-dimensional shear-wave velocity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Willis, Mark] Halliburton, Houston, TX USA. [Snieder, Roel; Batzle, Mike] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Behura, Jyoti] Seism Sci LLC, New York, NY USA. [Davidson, Michael] Conoco Phillips, Houston, TX USA. RP Forghani-Arani, F (reprint author), 2884 West Long Circle,Apt F, Littleton, CO 80120 USA. EM fforgh13@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-GF36-08G018195] FX We thank the U.S. Department of Energy for the financial support under contract number DE-GF36-08G018195. We are thankful to ConocoPhillips for providing the passive seismic data especially Arcangelo Sena for his support. We also thank Steve Smith, John Stockwell, Morgan Moschetti, and Nori Nakata for their support and technical discussions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 EI 1879-1859 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 111 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.09.008 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AY5AX UT WOS:000347586900014 ER PT J AU Hawley, ER Malfatti, SA Pagani, I Huntemann, M Chen, A Foster, B Copeland, A del Rio, TG Pati, A Jansson, JR Gilbert, JA Tringe, SG Lorenson, TD Hess, M AF Hawley, Erik R. Malfatti, Stephanie A. Pagani, Ioanna Huntemann, Marcel Chen, Amy Foster, Brian Copeland, Alexander del Rio, Tijana Glavina Pati, Amrita Jansson, Janet R. Gilbert, Jack A. Tringe, Susannah Green Lorenson, Thomas D. Hess, Matthias TI Metagenomes from two microbial consortia associated with Santa Barbara seep oil SO MARINE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bioremediation; Hydrocarbon degradation; Marine ecosystem; Metagenomics; Natural oil seeps ID SEQUENCES; DATABASE AB The metagenomes from two microbial consortia associated with natural oils seeping into the Pacific Ocean offshore the coast of Santa Barbara (California, USA) were determined to complement already existing metagenomes generated from microbial communities associated with hydrocarbons that pollute the marine ecosystem. This genomics resource article is the first of two publications reporting a total of four new metagenomes from oils that seep into the Santa Barbara Channel. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawley, Erik R.; Hess, Matthias] Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Malfatti, Stephanie A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Pagani, Ioanna; Huntemann, Marcel; Chen, Amy; Foster, Brian; Copeland, Alexander; del Rio, Tijana Glavina; Pati, Amrita; Jansson, Janet R.; Tringe, Susannah Green; Hess, Matthias] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Jansson, Janet R.; Tringe, Susannah Green] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hess, Matthias] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hess, Matthias] Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Hess, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM mhess@lbl.gov OI Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX MHess and ERH and the work performed in the laboratory of MHess were funded by Washington State University. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work conducted by JAG was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357. We are extremely thankful to our colleagues who provided letters of support for our Community Sequencing Program proposal. Additional thanks go to Matt Ashby and Ulrika Lidstrom at Taxon and staff members of the Chemical and Biological Process Development Group in particular David Culley, Jon Magnuson, Kenneth Bruno, Jim Collett and Scott Baker - and members of the Microbial Community Initiative in particular Allan Konopka, Jim Fredrickson and Steve Lindeman - at PNNL for scientific discussions throughout the project. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-7787 EI 1876-7478 J9 MAR GENOM JI Mar. Genom. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 18 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.margen.2014.06.003 PN B PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY4XO UT WOS:000347578600005 PM 24958360 ER PT J AU Buden, DW Cianchini, C Taborosi, D Fisher, RN Bauers, AM Ineich, I AF Buden, Donald W. Cianchini, Carlos Taborosi, Danko Fisher, Robert N. Bauers, Aaron M. Ineich, Ivan TI Photographic evidence of interspecies mating in geckos of the Lepidodactylus lugubris unisexual-bisexual complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) SO PHYLLOMEDUSA LA English DT Article DE clones; hybridization; intermating; Micronesia; Pacific Ocean; unisexual-bisexual species complex ID FEDERATED STATES; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; HYBRID ORIGIN; 1ST RECORD; MICRONESIA; REPTILIA; ATOLL; DIVERSITY; YAP C1 [Buden, Donald W.] Coll Micronesia FSM, Div Nat Sci & Math, Kolonia 96941, Pohnpei, Micronesia. [Taborosi, Danko] IREI, Palikir 96941, Pohnpei, Micronesia. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Center, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Bauers, Aaron M.] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Ineich, Ivan] UPMC, CNRS, ISYEB, MNHN,EPHE,UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Buden, DW (reprint author), Coll Micronesia FSM, Div Nat Sci & Math, POB 159, Kolonia 96941, Pohnpei, Micronesia. EM don_buden@comfsm.fm; cjcianchini@yahoo.com; taborosi@gmail.com; rfisher@usgs.gov; aaron.bauer@villanova.edu; ineich@mnhn.fr NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU MELOPSITTACUS PUBLICACOES CIENTIFICAS LTD PI BELO HORIZONTE PA CAIXA POSTAL 1474, BELO HORIZONTE, MG 00000, BRAZIL SN 1519-1397 J9 PHYLLOMEDUSA JI Phyllomedusa PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AY6JQ UT WOS:000347673100006 ER PT J AU Huston, DC Araujo, D Gibson, JR Hutchinson, JT AF Huston, Daniel C. Araujo, Diego Gibson, J. Randy Hutchinson, Jeffery T. TI Epicauta polingi (Coleoptera: Meloidae) Feeding on Mountain Laurel (Sophora secundiflora) and Guajillo (Acacia berlandieri) in West Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB On 17 June 2014, large aggregations of Epicauta polingi Werner 1943 (Coleoptera: Meloidae) were observed feeding on the leaves and stems of mountain laurel, Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC.; and guajillo, Acacia berlandieri Benth. (Fabaceae). After examination of the existing literature it was determined that these two plants represented new host records for E. polingi. C1 [Huston, Daniel C.; Gibson, J. Randy; Hutchinson, Jeffery T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resource Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Araujo, Diego] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Huston, DC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resource Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM Daniel_Huston@fws.gov OI Huston, Daniel Colgan/0000-0002-1015-4703 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 887 EP 889 DI 10.3958/059.039.0412 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AZ2HY UT WOS:000348056100016 ER PT J AU Imanse, SM Cornwell, ER Getchell, RG Kurath, G Bowser, PR AF Imanse, Sierra M. Cornwell, Emily R. Getchell, Rodman G. Kurath, Gael Bowser, Paul R. TI In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Neogobius melanostomus; Round goby; Sequence type; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus ID VIRAL-HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA; ESOX-MASQUINONGY MITCHILL; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; VIRUS TYPE IVB; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FATHEAD MINNOW; RAINBOW-TROUT; MUSKELLUNGE AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus first recognized in farmed rainbow trout in Denmark. In the past decade, a new genotype of this virus, IVb was discovered in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin and has caused several massive die-offs in some of the 28 species of susceptible North American freshwater fishes. Since its colonization of the Great Lakes, several closely related sequence types within genotype IVIb3 have been reported, the two most common of which are vcG001 and vcG002. These sequence types have different spatial distributions in the Great Lakes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genotypic differences between representative vcG001 (isolate MI03) and vcG002 (isolate 2010-030 #91) isolates correspond to phenotypic differences in terms of virulence using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro infection of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), bluegill fry (BF-2), and Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells demonstrated some differences in onset and rate of growth in EPC and BF-2 cells, without any difference in the quantity of RNA produced. In vivo infection of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) via immersion exposure to different concentrations of vcG001 or vcG002 caused a significantly greater mortality in round gobies exposed to 102 plaque forming units ml(-1) of vcG001. These experiments suggest that there are phenotypic differences between Great Lakes isolates of VHSV genotype IVb. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier BY. All rights reserved. C1 [Imanse, Sierra M.; Cornwell, Emily R.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cornwell, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erc58@cornell.edu OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute Fellowship; National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/FTD-11, NA10OAR4170064]; Research Foundation of State University of New York on behalf of New York Sea Grant; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [T35AI007227] FX The authors thank Greg Wooster, An Fustukjian, and Caroline Laverriere for their technical assistance. S.M.I. was supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Fellowship awarded to Kalamazoo College (Kalamazoo, MI). The work described in this report was supported in part by project R/FTD-11 funded under award NA10OAR4170064 from the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to the Research Foundation of State University of New York on behalf of New York Sea Grant, and in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award T35AI007227. The statements, findings, conclusions, views, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect the views of those organizations. Mention of trade names does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 879 EP 885 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000007 PM 25722533 ER PT J AU McCusker, MR Mandrak, NE Doka, S Gertzen, EL van Wieren, JF McKenna, JE Carlson, DM Lovejoy, NR AF McCusker, M. R. Mandrak, N. E. Doka, S. Gertzen, E. L. van Wieren, J. F. McKenna, J. E. Carlson, D. M. Lovejoy, N. R. TI Estimating the distribution of the imperiled pugnose shiner (Notropis anogenus) in the St. Lawrence River using a habitat model SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Habitat suitability; MaxEnt; Freshwater fish; Species at risk ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; FRESH-WATER; SAMPLE-SIZE; CONSERVATION; PERFORMANCE; BIODIVERSITY; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY; FISHES AB The pugnose shiner, Notropis anogenus, is a small minnow that occurs in the Great Lakes basin and Upper Mississippi River basin. It was listed as 'Endangered' under the Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA) and by the State of New York, largely due to its rarity, fragmented distribution, and degraded habitat. Our objective was to use species distribution modeling to better understand the spatial extent of suitable habitat for the pugnose shiner in the upper St. Lawrence River and to guide protection of habitat for this endangered species. We performed our analyses with MaxEnt, a species distribution modeling method based on maximum entropy. The pugnose shiner is associated with shallow areas of lakes or slow-moving rivers with abundant submerged aquatic vegetation. Therefore, we created a model based on depth, water velocity, and aquatic vegetation. For water depth and velocity, we used results of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model from the Upper St. Lawrence River generated and calibrated by Environment Canada. Aquatic vegetation was estimated from a simple algorithm based on water depth and velocity. To minimize the effect of sampling bias in the analysis (i.e., sampling occurred predominantly in shallow waters), we also used restricted depth ranges in model generation. Our model produced highly significant results when depth was not restricted, and significant results for analyses with restricted depth ranges. Our results suggest an abundance of potentially suitable habitat for the pugnose shiner in the Upper St. Lawrence River, which exceeded the minimum area for viable population estimates for this species. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McCusker, M. R.; Lovejoy, N. R.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Mandrak, N. E.; Doka, S.; Gertzen, E. L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [van Wieren, J. F.] Thousand Isl Natl Pk, Mallorytown, ON K0E 1R0, Canada. [McKenna, J. E.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Carlson, D. M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP McCusker, MR (reprint author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM mmccusker@utsc.utoronto.ca; Nicholas.Mandrak@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Josh.VanWieren@pc.gc.ca FU Species at Risk program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO); NSERC Discovery Grant [RGPIN 238506]; NSERC Visiting Fellowship Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the Species at Risk program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), and an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN 238506) to NRL. M.R. McCusker was supported by the NSERC Visiting Fellowship Program. We are grateful to the many people who helped with the sampling in the St. Lawrence River whose efforts made this study possible and to anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 980 EP 988 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.09.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000017 ER PT J AU Vijayavel, K Byappanahalli, MN Ebdon, J Taylor, H Whitman, RL Kashian, DR AF Vijayavel, K. Byappanahalli, M. N. Ebdon, J. Taylor, H. Whitman, R. L. Kashian, D. R. TI Enterococcus phages as potential tool for identifying sewage inputs in the Great Lakes region SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophages; Human health; Microbial source tracking; Risk; Water quality ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION; RECREATIONAL WATERS; BACTEROIDES GB-124; HOST STRAINS; BEACH SAND; BACTERIOPHAGES; COLIPHAGES; TEMPERATE AB Bacteriophages are viruses living in bacteria that can be used as a tool to detect fecal contamination in surface waters around the world. However, the lack of a universal host strain makes them unsuitable for tracking fecal sources. We evaluated the suitability of two newly isolated Enterococcus host strains (ENT-49 and ENT-55) capable for identifying sewage contamination in impacted waters by targeting phages specific to these hosts. Both host strains were isolated from wastewater samples and identified as E. faecium by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Occurrence of Enterococcus phages was evaluated in sewage samples (n = 15) from five wastewater treatment plants and in fecal samples from twenty-two species of wild and domesticated animals (individual samples; n = 22). Levels of Enterococcus phages, F + coliphages, Escherichia coli and enterococci were examined from four rivers, four beaches, and three harbors. Enterococcus phages enumeration was at similar levels (Mean = 6.72 Log PFU/100 mL) to F + coliphages in all wastewater samples, but were absent from all non-human fecal sources tested. The phages infecting Enterococcus spp. and F + coliphages were not detected in the river samples (detection threshold < 10 PFU/100 mL), but were present in the beach and harbor samples (range = 1.83 to 2.86 Log PFU/100 mL). Slightly higher concentrations (range = 3.22 to 3.69 Log MPN/100 mL) of E. coli and enterococci when compared to F + coliphages and Enterococcus phages, were observed in the river, beach and harbor samples. Our findings suggest that the bacteriophages associated with these particular Enterococcus host strains offer potentially sensitive and human-source specific indicators of enteric pathogen risk. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vijayavel, K.; Kashian, D. R.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Byappanahalli, M. N.; Whitman, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Ebdon, J.; Taylor, H.] Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol, Environm & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. RP Kashian, DR (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM dkashian@wayne.edu FU Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences FX This project was funded through Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences. We thank Endri Afesllari, Krystal Bakkila and Dawn Shively for their help in sample processing and data analysis. Comments by three anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1883 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 989 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.09.011 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000018 ER PT J AU Cornwell, ER Primus, A Wong, PT Anderson, GB Thompson, TM Kurath, G Groocock, GH Bain, MB Bowser, PR Getchell, RG AF Cornwell, Emily R. Primus, Alex Wong, Po Ting Anderson, Gregory B. Thompson, Tarin M. Kurath, Gael Groocock, Geoffrey H. Bain, Mark B. Bowser, Paul R. Getchell, Rodman G. TI Round gobies are an important part of VHSV genotype IVb ecology in the St. Lawrence River and eastern Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Disease ecology; Neogobius melanostomus; Round goby; Sequence diversity; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus ID VIRAL-HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA; ESOX-MASQUINONGY MITCHILL; VIRUS TYPE IVB; GREAT-LAKES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PREDATION; GOBY; TROUT; FISH AB Although viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is known to affect at least 28 species of Great Lakes fish, round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) appear to be particularly affected. The first report of VHSV in New York State waters occurred in round gobies and in subsequent surveillance efforts a disproportionately high proportion of round gobies were infected with VHSV compared with other species tested. In this study, we tested the experimental susceptibility of round gobies to infection with VHSV in the laboratory, using naive and previously exposed fish. Naive fish were significantly more susceptible than previously exposed fish, however previously exposed fish experienced a mortality of 35% over 45 days suggesting that previous exposure did not result in complete protection. Field studies at two sites showed a significant change in prevalence over 10 weeks in the spring based on non-lethal fin and gill samples, suggesting that great care must be taken when interpreting prevalence from single sampling efforts during VHSV surveillance. There was no difference in the observed diversity of sequence types of virus from fish that tested positive during times of low or high prevalence, or during a confinement-induced laboratory epidemic. These results show that round gobies are experimentally susceptible to VHSV and that the field prevalence of VHSV in this species can vary greatly within a short period of time; these results also provide a preliminary exploration of the role round gobies may be playing in the dynamics of VHSV in the eastern Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cornwell, Emily R.; Primus, Alex; Wong, Po Ting; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Bowser, Paul R.; Getchell, Rodman G.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Anderson, Gregory B.; Bain, Mark B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thompson, Tarin M.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cornwell, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erc58@cornell.edu FU USDA APHIS [10-9100-1294-GR] FX We thank Geofrey Eckerlin for collection assistance and New York State for providing scientific collection permits as well as the New York State Department of Conservation. This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement 10-9100-1294-GR to Cornell University from USDA APHIS. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.09.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000020 ER PT J AU Klimova, A Munguia-Vega, A Hoffman, JI Culver, M AF Klimova, Anastasia Munguia-Vega, Adrian Hoffman, Joseph I. Culver, Melanie TI Genetic diversity and demography of two endangered captive pronghorn subspecies from the Sonoran Desert SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; captive breeding; genetic diversity; population differentiation; Sonoran Desert ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ANTILOCAPRA-AMERICANA-SONORIENSIS; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS; PENINSULAR PRONGHORN AB Species that have experienced population reduction provide valuable case studies for understanding genetic responses to demographic change. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) were once widespread across the North American plains but were subject to drastic population reductions due to overexploitation and habitat fragmentation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A. a. peninsularis and A. a. sonoriensis, 2 pronghorn subspecies that inhabit the southern edge of the species' distribution, are almost extinct and now breed almost exclusively in captivity. We therefore sequenced the complete mitochondrial control region and genotyped 18 microsatellite loci in 109 individuals to evaluate the impact of population bottlenecks, captive breeding, small population sizes, and isolation on the genetic composition of captive populations of these 2 subspecies. We found extremely low levels of genetic diversity in both subspecies. The 2 subspecies showed high and significant genetic differentiation, indicating the absence of historic and recent gene flow despite their geographic proximity within the Sonoran Desert. Historical effective population size estimates for the 2 subspecies were inferred to be similar, whereas the Sonoran pronghorn has a contemporary effective size (Ne) more than twice as high as the Peninsular subspecies. Our findings suggest the need for careful genetic management of both subspecies in order to minimize the further loss of genetic variability. C1 [Klimova, Anastasia] Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, Baja California, Mexico. [Munguia-Vega, Adrian] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Munguia-Vega, Adrian] AC Isla Peruano, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico. [Munguia-Vega, Adrian] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Hoffman, Joseph I.] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, United States Geol Survey,Arizona Cooperat Fish &, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Klimova, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Biol Marina, Carretera Sur Km 5-5,Expropiac Petr SN, La Paz 23080, Baja California, Mexico. EM aklimova@uabcs.mx RI hoffman, joseph/K-7725-2012 OI hoffman, joseph/0000-0001-5895-8949 NR 116 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 44 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1263 EP 1277 DI 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-321 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AY2DX UT WOS:000347399700015 ER PT J AU Shimada, T Yamaguchi, NM Hijikata, N Hiraoka, E Hupp, JW Flint, PL Tokita, K Fujita, G Uchida, K Sato, F Kurechi, M Pearce, JM Ramey, AM Higuchi, H AF Shimada, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Noriyuki M. Hijikata, Naoya Hiraoka, Emiko Hupp, Jerry W. Flint, Paul L. Tokita, Ken-ichi Fujita, Go Uchida, Kiyoshi Sato, Fumio Kurechi, Masayuki Pearce, John M. Ramey, Andrew M. Higuchi, Hiroyoshi TI Satellite tracking of migrating Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Japan. SO ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cygnus cygnus; Indigirka River; Kolyma River; Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma; Lake Kussharo; Migration route; Satellite-tracking; Whooper Swan ID VIRUS; PERFORMANCE; ACCURACY; ROUTES; ASIA AB We satellite-tracked Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in northern Japan to document their migration routes and timing, and to identify breeding areas. From 47 swans that we marked at Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, and at Lake Kussharo. east Hokkaido we observed 57 spring and 33 autumn migrations from 2009-2012. In spring, swans migrated north along Sakhalin Island from eastern Hokkaido using stopovers in Sakhalin, at the mouth of the Amur River and in northern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk. They ultimately reached molting/breeding areas along the Indigirka River and the lower Kolyma River in northern Russia. In autumn, the swans basically reversed the spring migration routes. We identified northern Honshu, eastern Hokkaido, coastal areas in Sakhalin, the lower Amur River and northern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk as the most frequent stopover sites, and the middle reaches of the Indigirka and the lower Kolyma River as presumed breeding sites. Our results are helpful in understanding the distribution of the breeding and stopover sites of Whooper Swans wintering in Japan and in identifying their major migration habitats. Our findings contribute to understanding the potential transmission process of avian influenza viruses potentially carried by swans, and provide information necessary to conserve Whooper Swans in East Asia. C1 [Shimada, Tetsuo] Miyagi Prefectural Izunuma Uchinuma Environm Fdn, Kurihara, Miyagi 9895504, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Noriyuki M.; Hijikata, Naoya; Hiraoka, Emiko; Fujita, Go; Higuchi, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Hupp, Jerry W.; Flint, Paul L.; Pearce, John M.; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Tokita, Ken-ichi] Abiko City Museum Birds, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan. [Sato, Fumio] Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan. [Kurechi, Masayuki] Japanese Assoc Wild Geese Protect, Kurihara, Miyagi 9895502, Japan. RP Shimada, T (reprint author), Keio Univ SFC, Grad Sch Media & Governance, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2520882, Japan. EM tshimada0423@gmail.cim OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology of Japan; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Y. Abe, E. Morishita, S. Moriguchi, S. Kasahara, S. Konno, M. Konno, S. Mori, F. Nakayama, A. Ogawara, K. Takagi, K. Takano, and K. Tamada for help with capturing swans. This research was funded by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology of Japan, the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN, UNIV TOKYO, SCH AGR PI TOKYO PA YAYOI 1-1-1, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1347-0558 J9 ORNITHOL SCI JI Ornithol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.2326/osj.13.67 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY2FD UT WOS:000347403100002 ER PT J AU Rubio, F Kamp, L Carpino, J Faltin, E Loftin, K Molgo, J Araoz, R AF Rubio, Fernando Kamp, Lisa Carpino, Justin Faltin, Erin Loftin, Keith Molgo, Jordi Araoz, Romulo TI Colorimetric microtiter plate receptor-binding assay for the detection of freshwater and marine neurotoxins targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Anatoxin-a; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; nAChRs; Receptor binding assay; Cyclic imines; Pinnatoxin ID ALEXANDRIUM-OSTENFELDII DINOPHYCEAE; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION ASSAY; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANATOXIN-A; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAUSATIVE ORGANISM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POTENT AGONIST; TOXIN PROFILE; HIGH-AFFINITY AB Anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a, produced by cyanobacteria, are agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Pinnatoxins, spirolides, and gymnodimines, produced by dinoflagellates, are antagonists of nAChRs. In this study we describe the development and validation of a competitive colorimetric, high throughput functional assay based on the mechanism of action of freshwater and marine toxins against nAChRs. Torpedo electrocyte membranes (rich in muscle-type nAChR) were immobilized and stabilized on the surface of 96-well microtiter plates. Biotinylated alpha-bungarotoxin (the tracer) and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (the detector) enabled the detection and quantitation of anatoxin-a in surface waters and cyclic imine toxins in shellfish extracts that were obtained from different locations across the US. The method compares favorably to LC/MS/MS and provides accurate results for anatoxin-a and cyclic imine toxins monitoring. Study of common constituents at the concentrations normally found in drinking and environmental waters, as well as the tolerance to pH, salt, solvents, organic and inorganic compounds did not significantly affect toxin detection. The assay allowed the simultaneous analysis of up to 25 samples within 3.5 h and it is well suited for on-site or laboratory monitoring of low levels of toxins in drinking, surface, and ground water as well as in shellfish extracts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rubio, Fernando; Kamp, Lisa; Carpino, Justin; Faltin, Erin] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Loftin, Keith] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Molgo, Jordi; Araoz, Romulo] CNRS Gif Sur Yvette, Ctr Rech, Inst Federatif Neurobiol Alfred Fessard FR2118, Lab Neurobiol & Dev UPR 3294, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Rubio, F (reprint author), Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. EM frubio@abraxiskits.com; araoz@inaf.cnrs-gif.fr FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France) [ANR-12-ASTR-0037-01]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded in part by grant Aquaneurotox ANR-12-ASTR-0037-01 from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France). The sponsors had no involvement in the design and interpretation of data, the writing, and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Partial support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program for Keith Loftin and LC/MS/MS analysis. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 91 SI SI BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.073 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX6FR UT WOS:000347019100006 PM 25260255 ER PT J AU Rubio, F Kamp, L Carpino, J Glaze, T Faltin, E Loftin, K Molgo, J Araoz, R AF Rubio, F. Kamp, L. Carpino, J. Glaze, T. Faltin, E. Loftin, K. Molgo, J. Araoz, R. TI Development and validation of a colorimetric microtiter plate based receptor-binding assays for the determination of freshwater and marine toxins using the nicotinic cholinergic receptor SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Meeting of the French-Society-of-Toxicology (SFET) CY DEC 09-10, 2013 CL Pasteur Inst, Paris, FRANCE SP French Soc Toxicol HO Pasteur Inst C1 [Rubio, F.; Kamp, L.; Carpino, J.; Glaze, T.; Faltin, E.] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA USA. [Loftin, K.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Molgo, J.; Araoz, R.] CNRS, Inst Neurobiol Alfred Fessard, Lab Neurobiol & Dev, UPR 3294, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 91 SI SI BP 169 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.020 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX6FR UT WOS:000347019100030 ER PT J AU Liang, L Hawbaker, TJ Chen, YL Zhu, ZL Gong, P AF Liang, Lu Hawbaker, Todd J. Chen, Yanlei Zhu, Zhiliang Gong, Peng TI Characterizing recent and projecting future potential patterns of mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Southern Rocky Mountains SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Mountain pine beetle; Landsat; General linear model; Climate change; Remote sensing ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE HOPK; BARK BEETLE; TREE MORTALITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; RANGE EXPANSION; INFESTATION; CANADA AB The recent widespread mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak in the Southern Rocky Mountains presents an opportunity to investigate the relative influence of anthropogenic, biologic, and physical drivers that have shaped the spatiotemporal patterns of the outbreak. The aim of this study was to quantify the landscape-level drivers that explained the dynamic patterns of MPB mortality, and simulate areas with future potential MPB mortality under projected climate-change scenarios in Grand County, Colorado, USA. The outbreak patterns of MPB were characterized by analysis of a decade-long Landsat time-series stack, aided by automatic attribution of change detected by the Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery algorithm (LandTrendr). The annual area of new MPB mortality was then related to a suite of anthropogenic, biologic, and physical predictor variables under a general linear model (GLM) framework. Data from years 2001-2005 were used to train the model and data from years 2006-2011 were retained for validation. After stepwise removal of non-significant predictors, the remaining predictors in the GLM indicated that neighborhood mortality, winter mean temperature anomaly, and residential housing density were positively associated with MPB mortality, whereas summer precipitation was negatively related. The final model had an average area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic plot value of 0.72 in predicting the annual area of new mortality for the independent validation years, and the mean deviation from the base maps in the MPB mortality areal estimates was around 5%. The extent of MPB mortality will likely expand under two climate-change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) in Grand County, which implies that the impacts of MPB outbreaks on vegetation composition and structure, and ecosystem functioning are likely to increase in the future. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Liang, Lu; Chen, Yanlei; Gong, Peng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gong, Peng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Gong, P (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM penggong@berkeley.edu RI wang, fenfei/N-9905-2015 NR 75 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 55 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.012 PG 11 WC Geography SC Geography GA AX4GL UT WOS:000346891500016 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Yan, WD AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Yan, Wende TI A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Model calibration; Model environment; OpenMP; PEST; R; R-SWAT ID OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; MCMC; SWAT; GRASSLANDS; SIMULATION; PEST AB Mathematical models are useful in various fields of science and engineering. However, it is a challenge to make a model utilize the open and growing functions (e.g., model inversion) on the R platform due to the requirement of accessing and revising the model's source code. To overcome this barrier, we developed a universal tool that aims to convert a model developed in any computer language to an R function using the template and instruction concept of the Parameter ESTimation program (PEST) and the operational structure of the R-Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R-SWAT). The developed tool (Model-R Coupler) is promising because users of any model can connect an external algorithm (written in R) with their model to implement various model behavior analyses (e.g., parameter optimization, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, performance evaluation, and visualization) without accessing or modifying the model's source code. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Yan, Wende] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Appl Forest Ecol Technol S China, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov; csfuywd@hotmail.com RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU Chinese Forestry Specific Research Grant for Public Benefits [201404316]; U.S. Carbon Trends Project; USGS [G13PC00028] FX This study was funded by Chinese Forestry Specific Research Grant for Public Benefits (201404316) and U.S. Carbon Trends Project. The work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Special thanks are given to Dr. John Doherty for sharing the PEST source code with us, which is one of the primary bases of this work. We thank Zhengxi Tan (ASRC Federal InuTeq, contractor to USGS EROS) for internal review and Thomas Adamson (SGT, contractor to USGS EROS) and Sandra Cooper (USGS) for further editing. We are also grateful to the four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 62 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX2CZ UT WOS:000346751800006 ER PT J AU Romanach, SS McKelvy, M Conzelmann, C Suir, K AF Romanach, Stephanie S. McKelvy, Mark Conzelmann, Craig Suir, Kevin TI A visualization tool to support decision making in environmental and biological planning SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Everglades; NetCDF; Data visualization; Decision support tool ID EVERGLADES ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; PROGRAM; SYSTEMS AB Large-scale ecosystem management involves consideration of many factors for informed decision making. The EverVIEW Data Viewer is a cross-platform desktop decision support tool to help decision makers compare simulation model outputs from competing plans for restoring Florida's Greater Everglades. The integration of NetCDF metadata conventions into EverVIEW allows end-users from multiple institutions within and beyond the Everglades restoration community to share information and tools. Our development process incorporates continuous interaction with targeted end-users for increased likelihood of adoption. One of EverVIEW's signature features is side-by-side map panels, which can be used to simultaneously compare species or habitat impacts from alternative restoration plans. Other features include examination of potential restoration plan impacts across multiple geographic or tabular displays, and animation through time. As a result of an iterative, standards-driven approach, EverVIEW is relevant to large-scale planning beyond Florida, and is used in multiple biological planning efforts in the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Romanach, Stephanie S.; McKelvy, Mark] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Conzelmann, Craig; Suir, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Romanach, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM sromanach@usgs.gov; mckelvym@usgs.gov; conzelmannc@usgs.gov; suirk@usgs.gov OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825; McKelvy, Mark/0000-0001-5465-2571 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science FX Major funding for software development was provided by U.S. Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We are grateful to three, anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments have improved this manuscript. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 62 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.008 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX2CZ UT WOS:000346751800019 ER PT J AU Schmid, W Hanson, RT Leake, SA Hughes, JD Niswonger, RG AF Schmid, Wolfgang Hanson, R. T. Leake, S. A. Hughes, Joseph D. Niswonger, Richard G. TI Feedback of land subsidence on the movement and conjunctive use of water resources SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Surface water; Integrated hydrologic models; Water allocation; Conjunctive use ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; SURFACE AB The dependency of surface- or groundwater flows and aquifer hydraulic properties on dewatering-induced layer deformation is not available in the USGS's groundwater model MODFLOW. A new integrated hydrologic model, MODFLOW-OWHM, formulates this dependency by coupling mesh deformation with aquifer transmissivity and storage and by linking land subsidence/uplift with deformation-dependent flows that also depend on aquifer head and other flow terms. In a test example, flows most affected were stream seepage and evapotranspiration from groundwater (ETgw). Deformation feedback also had an indirect effect on conjunctive surface- and groundwater use components: Changed stream seepage and streamflows influenced surface-water deliveries and returnflows. Changed ETgw affected irrigation demand, which jointly with altered surface-water supplies resulted in changed supplemental groundwater requirements and pumping and changed return runoff. This modeling feature will improve the impact assessment of dewatering-induced land subsidence/uplift (following irrigation pumping or coal-seam gas extraction) on surface receptors, inter-basin transfers, and surface-infrastructure integrity. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmid, Wolfgang] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Hanson, R. T.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Leake, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hughes, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Tampa, FL USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, CA USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM wolfgang.schmid@csiro.au; rthanson@cox.net; saleake@usgs.gov; jdhughes@usgs.gov; rniswon@usgs.gov RI Schmid, Wolfgang/H-9627-2013; OI Schmid, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6191-2781; Hanson, Randall/0000-0002-9819-7141; Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation San Joaquin River Restoration Program; U.S. Geological Survey; CSIRO FX The authors would like to acknowledge the reviewers Brian Clark (USGS) and journal reviewers. The authors would also like to thank Larry Schneider (USGS) for the illustrations. This work was co-funded by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation San Joaquin River Restoration Program and the U.S. Geological Survey. Finalizing the writing, revision, and review response was co-funded by CSIRO's Water for a Healthy Country Flagship. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 62 BP 253 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.006 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX2CZ UT WOS:000346751800022 ER PT J AU Davenport, J Jones, TT Work, TM Balazs, GH AF Davenport, John Jones, T. Todd Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Pink spot, white spot: The pineal skylight of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761) skull and its possible role in the phenology of feeding migrations SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptile; Endocrine; Environmental stimuli; zeitgeiber; Photoperiod; Equilux ID TEMPERATE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; SEA-TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHERY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOVEMENTS; THERMOREGULATION; GIGANTOTHERMY; NAVIGATION; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, which have an irregular pink area on the crown of the head known as the pineal or 'pink spot', forage upon jellyfish in cool temperate waters along the western and eastern margins of the North Atlantic during the summer. Our study showed that the skeletal structures underlying the pink spot in juvenile and adult turtles are compatible with the idea of a pineal dosimeter function that would support recognition of environmental light stimuli. We interrogated an extensive turtle sightings database to elucidate the phenology of leatherback foraging during summer months around Great Britain and Ireland and compared the sightings with historical data for sea surface temperatures and day lengths to assess whether sea surface temperature or light periodicity/levels were likely abiotic triggers prompting foraging turtles to turn south and leave their feeding grounds at the end of the summer. We found that sea temperature was too variable and slow changing in the study area to be useful as a trigger and suggest that shortening of day lengths as the late summer equilux is approached provides a credible phenological cue, acting via the pineal, for leatherbacks to leave their foraging areas whether they are feeding close to Nova Scotia or Great Britain and Ireland. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davenport, John] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, T. Todd; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davenport, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, North Mall Campus Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. EM j.davenport@ucc.ie; todd.jones@noaa.gov; thierry_work@usgs.gov; gbalazs@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 461 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.008 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AX4HU UT WOS:000346894900001 ER PT J AU Ferguson, LM Norton, TM Cray, C Oliva, M Jodice, PGR AF Ferguson, Lisa M. Norton, Terry M. Cray, Carolyn Oliva, Marcie Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI HEALTH ASSESSMENTS OF BROWN PELICAN (PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS) NESTLINGS FROM COLONIES IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, USA SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Biochemistry; brown pelican; ectoparasite; hematology; Pelecanus occidentalis; reference interval ID PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PSITTACINE PLASMA; BLOOD PARAMETERS; SERUM CHEMISTRY; CASPIAN TERNS; HERRING-GULLS; GREAT-LAKES; NEW-YORK; SEABIRDS AB Health evaluations of brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) nestlings from three colonies along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States were performed in 2005, 2007, and 2008. The primary objective of this study was to establish baseline data for hematologic, biochemical, and serologic values from a relatively healthy population of free-living pelicans during early chick development. Relationships among health variables and colony site, ectoparasite infestation, sex, and body condition index were also evaluated. Reference intervals are presented for health variables, including novel analytes for the species, as well as a comparison of these results with previously published values for wild pelicans. No significant relationships were found between health variables and nestling sex or body condition; however, differences between colony sites and the presence of ectoparasites were detected. The inclusion of health assessments as a regular component of management programs for seabirds can provide data to better understand the effect to species of concern when drastic changes occur to the population and its environment. C1 [Ferguson, Lisa M.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Ferguson, Lisa M.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] Jekyll Isl Author Georgia Sea Turtle Ctr, Jekyll Island, GA 31527 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] St Catherines Isl Fdn, Midway, GA 31320 USA. [Cray, Carolyn] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Oliva, Marcie] White Oak Wildlife Conservat, Yulee, FL 32097 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Ferguson, LM (reprint author), Wetlands Inst, 1075 Stone Harbor Blvd, Stone Harbor, NJ 08247 USA. EM lferguson@wetlandsinstitute.org FU South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (DNR); U.S. Geological Survey-South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; South Carolina DNR; Clemson University; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank Michelle Kaylor, Steven Nelson, and other staff at the Georgia Sea Turtle Center, Lisa Mazzaro at Mystic Aquarium, and field and laboratory assistants including Lauren Bolte, Emma Gerald Boyer, Amy Medve, and Marieke Rossenburg. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (DNR) provided financial and logistical support and, along with the Georgia DNR, vital access to seabird colonies. In particular, the authors thank Felicia Sanders and Brad Winn from these agencies. Michele Walsh, Sharon Deem, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. The study was performed under the auspices of the Clemson University Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (Permit no. 40078). The authors acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey-South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for support of this study. The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina DNR, Clemson University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 802 EP 812 DI 10.1638/2013-0157.1 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AX7EY UT WOS:000347080900010 PM 25632666 ER PT J AU Lantz, SR Mack, CM Wallace, K Key, EF Shafer, TJ Casida, JE AF Lantz, Stephen R. Mack, Cina M. Wallace, Kathleen Key, Ellen F. Shafer, Timothy J. Casida, John E. TI Glufosinate binds N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and increases neuronal network activity in vitro SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glufosinate; Neurotoxicity; N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor; N-Acetylglufosinate ID GAMMA-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINOTHRICINS; COLI GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; HERBICIDE-RESISTANT CROPS; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTERS; H-3 CGP-39653 BINDING; RAT-BRAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEDIATED EXCITOTOXICITY; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; SEVERE NEUROTOXICITY AB Glufosinate (GLF) at high levels in mammals causes convulsions and amnesia through a mechanism that is not completely understood. The structural similarity of GLF to glutamate (GLU) implicates the glutamatergic system as a target for GLF neurotoxicity. The current work examined in vitro GLF interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype GLU receptors (NMDARs) and GLT-1 transporters via [H-3]CGP 39653 binding experiments and [H-3]GLU uptake assays, respectively. GLF effects on neuronal network activity were assessed using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings in primary cultures of cortical neurons. GLF and its primary metabolite N-acetylglufosinate (NAcGLF) bind to the NMDAR; the IC50 value for GLF was 668 mu M and for NAcGLF was about 100 mu M. Concentrations of GLF greater than 1000 mu M were needed to decrease,GLU uptake through GLT-1. In MEA recordings from networks of rat primary cortical neurons, the concentration-responses for NMDA, GLF and NAcGLF on network mean firing rates (MFR) were biphasic, increasing at lower concentrations and decreasing below control levels at higher concentrations. Increases in MFR occurred between 3-10 mu M NMDA (290% control, maximum), 100-300 mu M NAcGLF (190% control, maximum) and 10-1000 mu M GLF (340% control, maximum). The NMDAR antagonist MK801 attenuated both NMDA and GLF increases in MFR. The GLF concentration required to alter GLU transport through GLT-1 is not likely to be attained in vivo, and therefore not relevant to the neurotoxic mode of action. However, toxicokinetic data from reports of intentional human poisonings indicate that GLF concentrations in the CNS after acute exposure could reach levels high enough to lead to effects mediated via NMDARs. Furthermore, the newly characterized action of NAcGLF at the NMDAR suggests that both the parent compound and metabolite could contribute to neurotoxicity via this pathway. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lantz, Stephen R.; Key, Ellen F.; Casida, John E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Environm Chem & Toxicol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mack, Cina M.; Wallace, Kathleen; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lantz, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM stephen_lantz@fws.gov OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 FU STAR Fellowship Assistance - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP917139]; UC Berkeley Sponsored Project for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Grant FX S.R.L. was funded by STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement number FP917139 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). E.F.K. was funded by a UC Berkeley Sponsored Project for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Grant. This document has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.003 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA AX5GQ UT WOS:000346955100005 PM 25268653 ER PT J AU Diaz-Ferguson, EE Moyer, GR AF Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo E. Moyer, Gregory R. TI History, applications, methodological issues and perspectives for the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) in marine and freshwater environments SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Review DE environmental DNA (eDNA); detection probability; occupancy models; persistence; metabarcode; minibarcode ID BIODIVERSITY; SEDIMENTS; PCR; CONSERVATION; ENFORCEMENT; DEGRADATION; EXTRACTION; CHALLENGES; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE AB Genetic material (short DNA fragments) left behind by species in nonliving components of the environment (e.g. soil, sediment, or water) is defined as environmental DNA (eDNA). This DNA has been previously described as particulate DNA and has been used to detect and describe microbial communities in marine sediments since the mid-1980's and phytoplankton communities in the water column since the early-1990's. More recently, eDNA has been used to monitor invasive or endangered vertebrate and invertebrate species. While there is a steady increase in the applicability of eDNA as a monitoring tool, a variety of eDNA applications are emerging in fields such as forensics, population and community ecology, and taxonomy. This review provides scientist with an understanding of the methods underlying eDNA detection as well as applications, key methodological considerations, and emerging areas of interest for its use in ecology and conservation of freshwater and marine environments. C1 [Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Diaz-Ferguson, Edgardo E.; Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Diaz-Ferguson, EE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM edgardo_diaz-ferguson@fws.gov; greg_moyer@fws.gov FU Fish and Wildlife Service; AIS inventory and monitoring program FX We want to thank the Fish and Wildlife Service and the AIS inventory and monitoring program for funding our research. We also want to thank Fred Utter and Jorge Cortes for providing feedback and comments to this review. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 119 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 EI 2215-2075 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1284 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AX8EA UT WOS:000347141900002 PM 25720166 ER PT J AU Magoulick, DD AF Magoulick, D. D. TI IMPACTS OF DROUGHT AND CRAYFISH INVASION ON STREAM ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE drought; crayfish; ecological redundancy; native; invasive; leaf breakdown; periphyton; ecosystem processes ID SPECIES PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; SPRING RIVER DRAINAGE; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; UNITED-STATES; OZARK STREAM; HABITAT USE; COMPETITION; ORCONECTES; COMMUNITY; FLOW AB Drought and seasonal drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams, leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. Many small streams contain crayfish populations that are often keystone or dominant species in these systems. I conducted an experiment in stream mesocosms to examine the effects of drought and potential ecological redundancy of a native and invasive crayfish species. I examined the effects of drought (drought or control) and crayfish presence (none, native crayfish Orconectes eupunctus or invasive crayfish Orconectes neglectus) on stream mesocosm structure and function (leaf breakdown, community metabolism, periphyton, sediment and chironomid densities) in a fully factorial design. Each mesocosm contained a deep and shallow section, and drought treatments had surface water present (5-cm depth) in deep sections where tiles and leaf packs were placed. Drought and crayfish presence did not interact for any response variable. Drought significantly reduced leaf breakdown, and crayfish presence significantly increased leaf breakdown. However, the native and invasive crayfish species did not differ significantly in their effects on leaf breakdown. Drought significantly reduced primary production and community respiration overall, whereas crayfish presence did not significantly affect primary production and community respiration. Neither drought nor crayfish presence significantly affected periphyton overall. However, drought significantly reduced autotrophic index (AI), and crayfish presence increased AI. Inorganic sediment and chironomid density were not affected by drought, but both were significantly reduced by crayfish presence. O.eupunctus reduced AI and sediment more than O.neglectus did. Neither drought nor crayfish species significantly affected crayfish growth or survival. Drought can have strong effects on ecosystem function, but weaker effects on benthic structure. Crayfish can have strong effects on ecosystem structure and function regardless of drought. In stream mesocosms, native and invasive crayfish species appeared largely ecologically redundant, although subtle differences in crayfish effects could cascade throughout the food web, and further research is needed to address this question. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Missouri Department of Conservation FX I thank Kerri McCabe for her work in conducting these experiments. Scott Longing helped with previous experiments and discussions that contributed to this study. Funding was partially provided by grants from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and Missouri Department of Conservation. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 10 SI SI BP 1309 EP 1317 DI 10.1002/rra.2747 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AX0QO UT WOS:000346657000010 ER PT J AU Davis, JB Webb, E Kaminski, RM Barbour, PJ Vilella, FJ AF Davis, J. Brian Webb, Elisabeth Kaminski, Richard M. Barbour, Philip J. Vilella, Francisco J. TI Comprehensive Framework for Ecological Assessment of the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; WETLAND RESERVE PROGRAM; HURRICANE GEORGES; SOIL; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; REHABILITATION; RICEFIELDS; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) established and funded the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative (MBHI), with the goal of improving and increasing wetland habitats on private lands to benefit wintering and migrating waterbirds displaced from oil-impacted coastal wetlands. The NRCS and conservation partners provided financial and technical assistance to landowners and managers of sites enrolled in various conservation easement programs, and incorporated approximately 190,000 ha of wetlands and agricultural lands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) and Gulf Coast regions in the MBHI. In fall 2010, the NRCS worked with scientists and graduate students from three universities and various conservation agencies to design and implement landscape-scale evaluations of (1) the use of MBHI-managed wetlands and comparable non-MBHI wetlands by Charadri-iformes (shorebirds), Ansertforines (waterfowl), and other waterbirds; and (2) the relative effectiveness of different MBHI practices for providing habitat and food resources for migrating, resident, and wintering waterbirds. In this paper, we describe the scientific framework designed to evaluate the MBHI in improving waterbird habitats on private lands in the MAV, the Gulf Coast Prairies in Louisiana and Texas, and Gulf coastal wetlands of Mississippi and Alabama. The results of our evaluation will enhance our understanding of the influence of MBHI, other Farm Bill Conservation Initiative managed lands (e.g., Wetland Reserve Program). and selected agricultural working lands (e.g.. Oryza sativa L. [Rice] fields in southern Louisiana and Texas) on wintering and migrating waterbirds. A proactive approach that uses science to evaluate governmental conservation programs is relevant and can inform development of meaningful public policy that likely will be needed for effective delivery of future conservation programs and to justify financial incentives paid to landowners to apply best management practices. C1 [Davis, J. Brian; Kaminski, Richard M.] Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Barbour, Philip J.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. [Vilella, Francisco J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Davis, JB (reprint author), Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM brian.davis@msstate.edu FU USDA-NRCS FX We arc indebted to the USDA-NRCS, especially D. Flynn, P. Heard, K. Nelms, and C. Rewa, for supporting our work. Numerous state and federal agencies and non-governmental organizations provided invaluable support of the research projects. We also thank W. Barrow (USGS Wetlands Center, Lafayette, LA); M. Brasher (Ducks Unlimited. Inc., Lafayette, LA); K. Cordell (Missouri Department of Conservation, Puxico, MO); R. Crossett (USFWS, Cotton Plant, AR); J. Foret (NOAA, Lafayette. LA); M. Kaminski (Ducks Unlimited, Richmond, TX): S. Linscombe (Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University, Rayne, LA); B. Pcndley (USFWS, Puxico, MO): and J. Pitre (NRCS, Alexandria, LA), and members of their staffs for all of the logistical assistance and support during our studies. Lastly, a huge cadre of cooperating state, federal, and private landowners made all of this work possible. This manuscript has been approved for publication by the FWRC as WFA 396. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 61 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 4 BP G66 EP G81 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX8QF UT WOS:000347173000001 ER PT J AU Cherkiss, MS Mazzotti, FJ Hord, L Aldecoa, M AF Cherkiss, Michael S. Mazzotti, Frank J. Hord, Lindsey Aldecoa, Mario TI Remarkable Movements of an American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE CROCODILES; POROSUS; TRAVEL AB Here we present the remarkable movements of an individual Crocodylus acutus (American Crocodile) over a 14-year period. The crocodile was originally marked in Homestead, FL as a young-of-the-year in 1999, and was later recaptured multiple times more than 388 km away along the southwest coast of Florida. After several relocations and numerous sightings, this individual who has become known as Yellow Number 1 was found back within the same canal system in which it was first captured. C1 [Cherkiss, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hord, Lindsey] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Okeechobee, FL 34974 USA. [Aldecoa, Mario] Florida Power & Light Co, Turkey Point Power Plant, Homestead, FL 33035 USA. RP Cherkiss, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM mcherkiss@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 4 BP N52 EP N56 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX8QF UT WOS:000347173000006 ER PT J AU Batbayar, N Takekawa, JY Natsagdorj, T Spragens, KA Xiao, XM AF Batbayar, Nyambayar Takekawa, John Y. Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag Spragens, Kyle A. Xiao, Xiangming TI Site Selection and Nest Survival of the Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus) on the Mongolian Plateau SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anser indicus; Bar-headed Goose; breeding biology; daily nest survival; daily survival rate; depredation; nest ecology; reproduction; semiarid grassland; waterfowl ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; CANADA GEESE; CLUTCH SIZE; SNOW GEESE; H5N1; PHENOLOGY; WATERFOWL; GROWTH; BIRDS AB Waterbirds breeding on the Mongolian Plateau in Central Asia must find suitable wetland areas for nesting in a semiarid region characterized by highly variable water conditions. The first systematic nesting study of a waterbird dependent on this region for breeding was conducted on the Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus). The purpose of this study was to document Bar-headed Goose nesting locations, characterize nests and nesting strategies, and estimate daily nest survival (n = 235 nests) from eight areas of west-central Mongolia across three summers (2009-2011) using a modified Mayfield estimator. Bar-headed Goose daily nest survival ranged from 0.94 to 0.98, with a 3-year average nest success of 42.6% during incubation. Bar-headed Geese were found to primarily nest on isolated pond and lake islands as previously reported, but were also documented regularly, though less frequently, along rocky cliffs in several regions of west-central Mongolia. Daily nest survival was higher for cliff nests than for island nests. Information-theoretic models indicated that nest survival decreased with nest age and varied annually with changing environmental conditions. Results of this study suggest that while Bar-headed Geese primarily rely on nesting island sites these sites may be more susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance and predation events influenced by seasonal variation in environmental conditions, and that higher daily nest survival values documented for the less frequent cliff nest strategy may provide an important alternative strategy during poor island nest success years. Thus, conservation efforts for this and other waterbird species in the semiarid region should be focused on conserving nesting islands and protecting them from disturbance in areas of high livestock densities experiencing a rapidly warming climate. C1 [Batbayar, Nyambayar; Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Batbayar, Nyambayar; Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Spragens, Kyle A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Ornithol Lab, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM xiangming.xiao@ou.edu RI Batbayar, Nyambayar/N-7066-2015 OI Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626 FU Avian Influenza Program through the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Oklahoma; U.S. National Science Foundation EPSCoR program [NSF-0919466]; NIH Fogarty International Center through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program [R01-TW007869] FX We are grateful to S. Mongonbagana, R. Janlavtsogzol, E. Bolormunkh, Ts. Ochgerel, E. Boldbaatar, and drivers S. Natsagdorj, B. Amaijargal and D. Tserennorov for their assistance in the field. The Ministry of Nature, Environment, and Tourism and the Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan National Park Administration granted permission to work in the area. This study was funded by grants from the Avian Influenza Program through the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Oklahoma. Data analysis was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation EPSCoR program (NSF-0919466) and from the NIH Fogarty International Center through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program (R01-TW007869). Protocols for the study were reviewed by a U.S. Geological Survey Animal Care and Use Committee and the Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We have uploaded the photos of the nest sites into the geo-referenced field photo library of the Earth Observation and Monitoring Facility at the University of Oklahoma, which may be used in the future to allow visual comparison of changing habitat conditions. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 39 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 381 EP 393 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AY2RI UT WOS:000347436500004 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Kotarba, MJ AF Lewan, M. D. Kotarba, M. J. TI Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; NORTH GERMAN BASIN; RICH NATURAL GASES; PETROLEUM SYSTEM; SOURCE ROCKS; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT; VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ALUM SHALE AB Hydrous-pyrolysis experiments at 360 degrees C (680 degrees F) for 72 h were conducted on 53 humic coals representing ranks from lignite through anthracite to determine the upper maturity limit for hydrocarbon-gas generation from their kerogen and associated bitumen (i.e., primary gas generation). These experimental conditions are below those needed for oil cracking to ensure that generated gas was not derived from the decomposition of expelled oil generated from some of the coals (i.e., secondary gas generation). Experimental results showed that generation of hydrocarbon gas ends before a vitrinite reflectance (R-o) of 2.0%. This reflectance is equivalent to Rock-Eval maximum-yield temperature (T-max) and hydrogen indices (HIs) of 555 degrees C (1031 degrees F) and 35 mg/g total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. At these maturity levels, essentially no soluble bitumen is present in the coals before or after hydrous pyrolysis. The equivalent kerogen atomic H/C ratio is 0.50 at the primary gas-generation limit and indicates that no alkyl moieties are remaining to source hydrocarbon gases. The convergence of atomic H/C ratios of type-II and -I kerogen to this same value at a reflectance of 2.0%R-o indicates that the primary gas-generation limits for humic coal and type-III kerogen also apply to oil-prone kerogen. Although gas generation from source rocks does not exceed vitrinite reflectance values greater than 2.0%R-o, trapped hydrocarbon gases can remain stable at higher reflectance values. Distinguishing trapped gas from generated gas in hydrous-pyrolysis experiments is readily determined by delta H-2 of the hydrocarbon gases when a H-2-depleted water is used in the experiments. Water serves as a source of hydrogen in hydrous pyrolysis and, as a result, the use of H-2-depleted water is reflected in the generated gases but not pre-existing trapped gases. C1 [Lewan, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lewan, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kotarba, M. J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Geol Geophys & Environm Protect, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Lewan, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlewan@USGS.gov; kotarba@agh.edu.pl FU Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Warsaw [503/N-US-GEOL/2009/0, 28.28.140.7014)] FX This collaborative research with the U.S. Geological Survey and AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow was funded in part by Project No. 503/N-US-GEOL/2009/0 (AGH No. 28.28.140.7014) of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Warsaw. The authors appreciate M. Wagner from AGH University of Science and Technology for the reported reflectance measurements. Analytical work by A. Kowalski, T. Kowalski, and H. Zych from the AGH University of Science and Technology, and A. Warden, M. Dreier, and R. Dias from the U.S. Geological Survey are gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to B. Cramer, B. Krooss, and V. Luders for supplying German coals, Y.V. Koltun and V.W. Lukinov for supplying Ukraine coals, Tim Walsh for Washington coals, and Gary Mitchell for coals from the Penn State Coal Sample Bank. B. Cramer is acknowledged for his assistance in conducting hydrous pyrolysis on seven German coals in 2000. Formal reviews by John Curtis, Peter Warwick, and Geoffrey Ellis were extremely helpful in revising the original manuscript for publication. Editorial reviews by David Ferderer and Janet Slate (USGS) greatly improved the clarity of the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US. Government. The MPG Editor thanks the following reviewers for their work on this paper: John B. Curtis and Peter D. Warwick. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 IS 12 BP 2581 EP 2610 DI 10.1306/06021413204 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX4CB UT WOS:000346880500004 ER PT J AU Pearthree, PA House, PK AF Pearthree, Philip A. House, P. Kyle TI Paleogeomorphology and evolution of the early Colorado River inferred from relationships in Mohave and Cottonwood valleys, Arizona, California, and Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID PLIOCENE BOUSE FORMATION; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; WESTERN ARIZONA; GRAND-CANYON; PLATEAU; ORIGIN; UPLIFT; USA; INCISION; ISOTOPE AB Geologic investigations of late Mioceneearly Pliocene deposits in Mohave and Cottonwood valleys provide important insights into the early evolution of the lower Colorado River system. In the latest Miocene these valleys were separate depocenters; the floor of Cottonwood Valley was similar to 200 m higher than the floor of Mohave Valley. When Colorado River water arrived from the north after 5.6 Ma, a shallow lake in Cottonwood Valley spilled into Mohave Valley, and the river then filled both valleys to similar to 560 m above sea level (asl) and overtopped the bedrock divide at the southern end of Mohave Valley. Sediment-starved water spilling to the south gradually eroded the outlet as siliciclastic Bouse deposits filled the lake upstream. When sediment accumulation reached the elevation of the lowering outlet, continued erosion of the outlet resulted in recycling of stored lacustrine sediment into downstream basins; depth of erosion of the outlet and upstream basins was limited by the water levels in downstream basins. The water level in the southern Bouse basin was similar to 300 m asl (modern elevation) at 4.8 Ma. It must have drained and been eroded to a level <150 m asl soon after that to allow for deep erosion of bedrock divides and basins upstream, leading to removal of large volumes of Bouse sediment prior to massive early Pliocene Colorado River aggradation. Abrupt lowering of regional base level due to spilling of a southern Bouse lake to the Gulf of California could have driven observed upstream river incision without uplift. Rapid uplift of the entire region immediately after 4.8 Ma would have been required to drive upstream incision if the southern Bouse was an estuary. C1 [Pearthree, Philip A.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. [House, P. Kyle] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Pearthree, PA (reprint author), Arizona Geol Survey, 416 W Congress St, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. EM phil.pearthree@azgs.az.gov FU USGS STATEMAP; FEDMAP; Arizona Geological Survey; Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology FX We thank Jon Spencer and Keith Howard, who have consistently and generously shared their insights into and opinions on the development of the lower Colorado River through all of the time we have been working in this area. Thanks also to Norm Meek for providing inspiration as a consistent advocate of the importance of downstream-directed river integration and its consequences for upstream basin erosion. Bill Dickinson shared a critical insight into how lakes fed by the Colorado River would likely evolve 10 years ago; it took us a while to relate this insight to the distribution and character of Bouse deposits in our valleys. Becky Dorsey has raised many thought-provoking questions about the Bouse Formation and the Colorado River over the past few years that have helped us sharpen our thinking about this system. We appreciate the helpful review suggestions from Jon Spencer and an anonymous reviewer, detailed and thorough review comments from Keith Howard, and Karl Karlstrom's thoughtful review comments as guest editor for this Geosphere themed issue. We are deeply grateful to our mentors Bill Bull and Vic Baker, who shared some of their vast knowledge of fluvial systems with us and helped us appreciate the importance of base level in their evolution. Our long-term work in this area has been funded by multiple projects through the USGS STATEMAP and FEDMAP programs and related support from the Arizona Geological Survey and the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1160 DI 10.1130/GES00988.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400006 ER PT J AU Schmidt, KM Ellen, SD Peterson, DM AF Schmidt, Kevin M. Ellen, Stephen D. Peterson, David M. TI Deformation from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID FAULT RUPTURE PROPAGATION; STRONG GROUND MOTION; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; COSEISMIC DEFORMATION; SEISMIC HAZARD; SLIP; PENINSULA; WAVES; SOIL; GPS AB Damage to pavement and near-surface utility pipes caused by the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake provides evidence for ground deformation in a 663 km(2) area near the southwest margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California (USA). A total of 1427 damage sites, collected from more than 30 sources, are concentrated in four zones, three of which are near previously mapped faults. In one of these zones, the channel lining of Los Gatos Creek, a 2-km-long concrete strip trending perpendicular to regional geologic structure, was broken by thrusts that were concentrated in two belts, each several tens of meters wide, separated by more than 300 m of relatively undeformed concrete. To gain additional measurement of any permanent ground deformation that accompanied this damage, we compiled and conducted post-earthquake surveys along two 5 km lines of horizontal control and a 15 km level line. Measurements of horizontal distortion indicate similar to 0.1 m shortening in a northeast-southwest direction across the valley margin, similar to the amount measured in the channel lining. Evaluation of precise leveling by the National Geodetic Survey showed a down-warp with an amplitude of >0.1 m over a span of >12 km that resembled regional geodetic models of coseismic deformation. Although the leveling indicates broad, regional warping, abrupt discontinuities characteristic of faulting characterize both the broad-scale distribution of damage and the local deformation of the channel lining. Reverse movement, largely along preexisting faults and probably enhanced significantly by warping combined with enhanced ground shaking, produced the documented coseismic ground deformation. C1 [Schmidt, Kevin M.; Peterson, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ellen, Stephen D.] Consulting Geologist, Redwood City, CA 90462 USA. RP Schmidt, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1202 DI 10.1130/GES01095.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400008 ER PT J AU Craddock, WH Kirby, E Zhang, HP Clark, MK Champagnac, JD Yuan, DY AF Craddock, William H. Kirby, Eric Zhang, Huiping Clark, Marin K. Champagnac, Jean-Daniel Yuan, Daoyang TI Rates and style of Cenozoic deformation around the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION MAGNETO STRATIGRAPHY; FINITE STRAIN CALCULATIONS; TRACK ANNEALING KINETICS; WESTERN HEXI CORRIDOR; INDO-ASIAN COLLISION; EASTERN KUNLUN RANGE; PALEO-TETHYS OCEAN; NORTH QILIAN SHAN; FISSION-TRACK; QAIDAM BASIN AB The northeastern Tibetan Plateau constitutes a transitional region between the low-relief physiographic plateau to the south and the high-relief ranges of the Qilian Shan to the north. Cenozoic deformation across this margin of the plateau is associated with localized growth of fault-cored mountain ranges and associated basins. Herein, we combine detailed structural analysis of the geometry of range-bounding faults and deformation of foreland basin strata with geomorphic and exhumational records of erosion in hangingwall ranges in order to investigate the magnitude, timing, and style of deformation along the two primary fault systems, the Qinghai Nan Shan and the Gonghe Nan Shan. Structural mapping shows that both ranges have developed above imbricate fans of listric thrust faults, which sole into decollements in the middle crust. Restoration of shortening along balanced cross sections suggests a minimum of 0.8-2.2 km and 5.1-6.9 km of shortening, respectively. Growth strata in the associated foreland basin record the onset of deformation on the two fault systems at ca. 6-10 Ma and ca. 7-10 Ma, respectively, and thus our analysis suggests late Cenozoic shortening rates of 0.2 +0.2/-0.1 km/m.y. and 0.7 +0.3/-0.2 km/m.y. along the north and south sides of Gonghe Basin. Along the Qinghai Nan Shan, these rates are similar to late Pleistocene slip rates of similar to 0.10 +/- 0.04 mm/yr, derived from restoration and dating of a deformed alluvial-fan surface. Collectively, our results imply that deformation along both flanks of the doubly vergent Qilian Shan-Nan Shan initiated by ca. 10 Ma and that subsequent shortening has been relatively steady since that time. C1 [Craddock, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Craddock, William H.; Kirby, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kirby, Eric] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Zhang, Huiping] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Clark, Marin K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Champagnac, Jean-Daniel] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Yuan, Daoyang] China Earthquake Adm, Lanzhou Inst Seismol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. RP Craddock, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcraddock@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics program [EAR-0506622, EAR-0549748]; National Science Foundation of China [40234040]; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (China) [LED2008A01]; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBNE2-106764, PZ00P2_126408] FX This manuscript benefited from conversations with Richard Lease, Alison Duvall, Brian Hough, Doug Burbank, and Carmie Garzione. Comments from Peter Molnar improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Our work in northern Tibet was facilitated by funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics program (EAR-0506622 and EAR-0549748), the National Science Foundation of China (40234040), and the State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (China) (LED2008A01). Champagnac thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants PBNE2-106764 and PZ00P2_126408). In addition, Kirby thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support during preparation of this manuscript, and, likewise, Clark recognizes support from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, for support during the preparation of this manuscript. We thank Ken Farley and Lindsey Hedges for assistance with (U-Th)/He analyses and Paul O'Sullivan for assistance with apatite fissiontrack analytical work. We thank Greg Chmiel and Tom Clifton for assistance with cosmogenic isotope laboratory work. Peer reviews by An Yin and an anonymous reviewer improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 134 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1282 DI 10.1130/GES01024.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400013 ER PT J AU Fleck, RJ Hagstrum, JT Calvert, AT Evarts, RC Conrey, RM AF Fleck, Robert J. Hagstrum, Jonathan T. Calvert, Andrew T. Evarts, Russell C. Conrey, Richard M. TI Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology, paleomagnetism, and evolution of the Boring volcanic field, Oregon and Washington, USA SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CASCADE RANGE; AGE-SPECTRA; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; EXCESS ARGON; HEAT-FLOW; ANTARCTICA; PLAGIOCLASE; SANIDINE; PORTLAND; BASALT AB The Ar-40/Ar-39 investigations of a large suite of fine-grained basaltic rocks of the Boring volcanic field (BVF), Oregon and Washington (USA), yielded two primary results. (1) Using age control from paleomagnetic polarity, stratigraphy, and available plateau ages, Ar-40/Ar-39 recoil model ages are defined that provide reliable age results in the absence of an age plateau, even in cases of significant Ar redistribution. (2) Grouping of eruptive ages either by period of activity or by composition defines a broadly northward progression of BVF volcanism during latest Pliocene and Pleistocene time that reflects rates consistent with regional plate movements. Based on the frequency distribution of measured ages, periods of greatest volcanic activity within the BVF occurred 2.7-2.2 Ma, 1.7-0.5 Ma, and 350-50 ka. Grouped by eruptive episode, geographic distributions of samples define a series of northeast-southwest-trending strips whose centers migrate from south-southeast to north-northwest at an average rate of 9.3 +/- 1.6 mm/yr. Volcanic activity in the western part of the BVF migrated more rapidly than that to the east, causing trends of eruptive episodes to progress in an irregular, clockwise sense. The K2O and CaO values of dated samples exhibit well-defined temporal trends, decreasing and increasing, respectively, with age of eruption. Divided into two groups by K2O, the centers of these two distributions define a northward migration rate similar to that determined from eruptive age groups. This age and compositional migration rate of Boring volcanism is similar to the clockwise rotation rate of the Oregon Coast Range with respect to North America, and might reflect localized extension on the trailing edge of that rotating crustal block. C1 [Fleck, Robert J.; Hagstrum, Jonathan T.; Calvert, Andrew T.; Evarts, Russell C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Conrey, Richard M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Peter Hooper GeoAnalyt Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fleck, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1283 EP 1314 DI 10.1130/GES00985.1 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400014 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Champion, D Calvert, A AF Hildreth, Wes Fierstein, Judy Champion, Duane Calvert, Andrew TI Mammoth Mountain and its mafic periphery-A late Quaternary volcanic field in eastern California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; SIERRA-NEVADA; INYO CRATERS; BISHOP TUFF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MONO LAKE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; MAGMATIC UNREST; GLASS MOUNTAIN; ROCKS AB The trachydacite complex of Mammoth Mountain and an array of contemporaneous mafic volcanoes in its periphery together form a discrete late Pleistocene magmatic system that is thermally and compositionally independent of the adjacent subalkaline Long Valley system (California, USA). The Mammoth system first erupted ca. 230 ka, last erupted ca. 8 ka, and remains restless and potentially active. Magmas of the Mammoth system extruded through Mesozoic plutonic rocks of the Sierra Nevada batholith and extensive remnants of its prebatholith wall rocks. All of the many mafic and silicic vents of the Mammoth system are west or southwest of the structural boundary of Long Valley caldera; none is inboard of the caldera's buried ring-fault zone, and only one Mammoth-related vent is within the zone. Mammoth Mountain has sometimes been called part of the Inyo volcanic chain, an ascription we regard inappropriate and misleading. The scattered vent array of the Mammoth system, 10 x 20 km wide, is unrelated to the range-front fault zone, and its broad nonlinear footprint ignores both Long Valley caldera and the younger Mono-Inyo range-front vent alignment. Moreover, the Mammoth Mountain dome complex (63%-71% SiO2; 8.0%-10.5% alkalies) ended its period of eruptive activity (100-50 ka) long before Holocene inception of Inyo volcanism. Here we describe 25 silicic eruptive units that built Mammoth Mountain and 37 peripheral units, which include 13 basalts, 15 mafic andesites, 6 andesites, and 3 dacites. Chemical data are appended for nearly 900 samples, as are paleomagnetic data for similar to 150 sites drilled. The Ar-40/Ar-39 dates (230-16 ka) are given for most units, and all exposed units are younger than ca. 190 ka. Nearly all are mildly alkaline, in contrast to the voluminous subalkaline rhyolites of the contiguous long-lived Long Valley magma system. Glaciated remnants of Neogene mafic and trachydacitic lavas (9.1-2.6 Ma) are scattered near Mammoth Mountain, but Quaternary equivalents older than ca. 230 ka are absent. The wide area of late Quaternary Mammoth magmatism remained amagmatic during the long interval (2.2-0.3 Ma) of nearby Long Valley rhyolitic eruptions. C1 [Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy; Champion, Duane; Calvert, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hildreth, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1365 DI 10.1130/GES01053.1 PG 51 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400015 ER PT J AU Bacon, CR Dusel-Bacon, C Aleinikoff, JN Slack, JF AF Bacon, Charles R. Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Aleinikoff, John N. Slack, John F. TI The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; ASH-FLOW CALDERA; VALLEY CALDERA; GRANITIC-ROCKS; EVOLUTION; COLORADO; NEVADA; TUFF; GEOCHRONOLOGY; MOUNTAINS AB Dissected caldera structures expose thick intracaldera tuff and, uncommonly, cogenetic shallow plutons, while remnants of correlative outflow tuffs deposited on the preeruption ground surface record elements of ancient landscapes. The Middle Fork caldera encompasses a 10 km x 20 km area of rhyolite welded tuff and granite porphyry in east-central Alaska, similar to 100 km west of the Yukon border. Intracaldera tuff is at least 850 m thick. The K-feldspar megacrystic granite porphyry is exposed over much of a 7 km x 12 km area having 650 m of relief within the western part of the caldera fill. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe with reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) analyses of zircon from intracaldera tuff, granite porphyry, and outflow tuff yield U-Pb ages of 70.0 +/- 1.2, 69.7 +/- 1.2, and 71.1 +/- 0.5 Ma (95% confidence), respectively. An aeromagnetic survey indicates that the tuff is reversely magnetized, and, therefore, that the caldera-forming eruption occurred in the C31r geomagnetic polarity chron. The tuff and porphyry have arc geochemical signatures and a limited range in SiO2 of 69 to 72 wt%. Although their phenocrysts differ in size and abundance, similar quartz + K-feldspar + plagioclase + biotite mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, and analytically indistinguishable ages indicate that the tuff and porphyry were comagmatic. Resorption of phenocrysts in tuff and porphyry suggests that these magmas formed by thermal rejuvenation of near-solidus or solidified crystal mush. A rare magmatic enclave (54% SiO2, arc geochemical signature) in the porphyry may be similar to parental magma and provides evidence of mafic magma and thermal input. The Middle Fork is a relatively well preserved caldera within a broad region of Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic plutons bounded by northeast-trending faults. In the relatively downdropped and less deeply exhumed crustal blocks, Cretaceous-Early Tertiary silicic volcanic rocks attest to long-term stability of the landscape. Within the Middle Fork caldera, the granite porphyry is interpreted to have been exposed by erosion of thick intracaldera tuff from an asymmetric resurgent dome. The Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River incised an arcuate valley into and around the caldera fill on the west and north and may have cut down from within an original caldera moat. The 70 Ma land surface is preserved beneath proximal outflow tuff at the west margin of the caldera structure and beneath welded outflow tuff 16-23 km east-southeast of the caldera in a paleovalley. Within similar to 50 km of the Middle Fork caldera are 14 examples of Late Cretaceous (?)-Tertiary felsic volcanic and hypabyssal intrusive rocks that range in area from <1 km(2) to similar to 100 km(2). Rhyolite dome clusters north and northwest of the caldera occupy tectonic basins associated with northeast-trending faults and are relatively little eroded. Lava of a latite complex, 12-19 km northeast of the caldera, apparently flowed into the paleovalley of the Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River. To the northwest of the Middle Fork caldera, in the Mount Harper crustal block, mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks are widely exposed, indicating greater total exhumation. To the southeast of the Middle Fork block, the Mount Veta block has been uplifted sufficiently to expose a ca. 68-66 Ma equigranular granitic pluton. Farther to the southeast, in the Kechumstuk block, the flat-lying outflow tuff remnant in Gold Creek and a regionally extensive high terrace indicate that the landscape there has been little modified since 70 Ma other than entrenchment of tributaries in response to post-2.7 Ma lowering of base level of the Yukon River associated with advance of the Cordilleran ice sheet. C1 [Bacon, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bacon, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1455 DI 10.1130/GES01037.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400021 ER PT J AU Personius, SF Briggs, RW Nelson, AR Schermer, ER Maharrey, JZ Sherrod, BL Spaulding, SA Bradley, LA AF Personius, Stephen F. Briggs, Richard W. Nelson, Alan R. Schermer, Elizabeth R. Maharrey, J. Zebulon Sherrod, Brian L. Spaulding, Sarah A. Bradley, Lee-Ann TI Holocene earthquakes and right-lateral slip on the left-lateral Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, northern Puget Sound, Washington SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SEATTLE FAULT; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON; QUATERNARY FAULTS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ACTIVE TECTONICS; UPPER PLATE; LOWLAND; DEFORMATION AB Sources of seismic hazard in the Puget Sound region of northwestern Washington include deep earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone, and shallow earthquakes associated with some of the numerous crustal (upper-plate) faults that crisscross the region. Our paleoseismic investigations on one of the more prominent crustal faults, the Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, included trenching of fault scarps developed on latest Pleistocene glacial sediments and analysis of cores from an adjacent wetland near Lake Creek, 14 km southeast of Mount Vernon, Washington. Trench excavations revealed evidence of a single earthquake, radiocarbon dated to ca. 2 ka, but extensive burrowing and root mixing of sediments within 50-100 cm of the ground surface may have destroyed evidence of other earthquakes. Cores in a small wetland adjacent to our trench site provided stratigraphic evidence (formation of a laterally extensive, prograding wedge of hillslope colluvium) of an earthquake ca. 2 ka, which we interpret to be the same earthquake documented in the trenches. A similar colluvial wedge lower in the wetland section provides possible evidence for a second earthquake dated to ca. 8 ka. Three-dimensional trenching techniques revealed evidence for 2.2 +/- 1.1 m of right-lateral offset of a glacial outwash channel margin, and 45-70 cm of north-side-up vertical separation across the fault zone. These offsets indicate a net slip vector of 2.3 +/- 1.1 m, plunging 14 degrees west on a 286 degrees-striking, 90 degrees-dipping fault plane. The dominant right-lateral sense of slip is supported by the presence of numerous Riedel R shears preserved in two of our trenches, and probable right-lateral offset of a distinctive bedrock fault zone in a third trench. Holocene north-side- up, right-lateral oblique slip is opposite the south-side-up, left-lateral oblique sense of slip inferred from geologic mapping of Eocene and older rocks along the fault zone. The cause of this slip reversal is unknown but may be related to clockwise rotation of the Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone into a position more favorable to right-lateral slip in the modern N-S compressional stress field. C1 [Personius, Stephen F.; Briggs, Richard W.; Nelson, Alan R.; Maharrey, J. Zebulon; Bradley, Lee-Ann] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schermer, Elizabeth R.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Maharrey, J. Zebulon] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.] Univ Washington, Dept Geol Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] INSTAAR, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM personius@usgs.gov; rbriggs@usgs.gov; anelson@usgs.gov; schermer@geol.wwu.edu; jzmaharrey@alaska.edu; bsherrod@usgs.gov; sspaulding@usgs.gov; bradley@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was funded by the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We wish to thank the landowners and managers of the Whitman bench (Grandy Lake Forest Associates, Ken Osborne, Arbor Pacific Forest Products; Washington Department of Natural Resources [WADNR]) and Lake Creek (Keith Sorenson; Washington Department of Natural Resources) sites for permission to conduct our investigations, and Gary Wright and the crew of Gary's Grader Service for excavation services. We also acknowledge the excellent field help of Kelsay Davis and Monte Jones, logistics assistance of John Coyle (WADNR), insights into the local geology of Joe Dragovich, Tim Walsh, and Ray Cakir (WADNR), and Puget Sound Energy for granting permission to reproduce parts of a 1970's-era report on seismic hazards investigations for the proposed Skagit Nuclear Power Plant. The manuscript was improved by comments from USGS reviewer Scott Bennett, Geosphere reviewer Harvey Kelsey, an anonymous reviewer, and Editor Raymond Russo. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1482 EP 1500 DI 10.1130/GES01067.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400023 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Hallgrimsson, GT Suwannanarn, K Sreevatsen, S Ip, HS Magnusdottir, E TeSlaa, JL Nashold, SW Dusek, RJ AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor Suwannanarn, Kamol Sreevatsen, Srinand Ip, Hon S. Magnusdottir, Ellen TeSlaa, Joshua L. Nashold, Sean W. Dusek, Robert J. TI Avian influenza virus ecology in Iceland shorebirds: Intercontinental reassortment and movement SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Reassortment; Shorebirds; Iceland; Intercontinental; Movement ID A VIRUSES; POLYMERASE; PATHOGENICITY; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; PATTERNS; ALASKA; GENES AB Shorebirds are a primary reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIV). We conducted surveillance studies in Iceland shorebird populations for 3 years, documenting high serological evidence of AIV exposure in shorebirds, primarily in Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres; seroprevalence = 75%). However, little evidence of virus infection was found in these shorebird populations and only two turnstone AIVs (H2N7; H5N1) were able to be phylogenetically examined. These analyses showed that viruses from Iceland shorebirds were primarily derived from Eurasian lineage viruses, yet the H2 hemagglutinin gene segment was from a North American lineage previously detected in a gull from Iceland the previous year. The H5N1 virus was determined to be low pathogenic, however the PB2 gene was closely related to the PB2 from highly pathogenic H5N1 isolates from China. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the turnstones were infected with at least one of these AIV while in Iceland and confirm Iceland as an important location where AIV from different continents interact and reassort, creating new virus genomes. Mounting data warrant continued surveillance for AIV in wild birds in the North Atlantic, including Canada, Greenland, and the northeast USA to determine the risks of new AI viruses and their intercontinental movement in this region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Ip, Hon S.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean W.; Dusek, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Magnusdottir, Ellen] Southwest Iceland Nat Res Inst, IS-245 Sandgeroi, Iceland. [Suwannanarn, Kamol; Sreevatsen, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Populat Med Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov RI Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor/M-3105-2015; OI Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor/0000-0002-3697-9148; Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHS266200700007C] FX The authors are grateful for the field biologists and technicians who assisted with capturing and sampling shorebirds in Iceland. This work was funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHS266200700007C. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 28 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.013 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AX1YI UT WOS:000346739500022 PM 25239729 ER PT J AU Congalton, RG Gu, JY Yadav, K Thenkabail, P Ozdogan, M AF Congalton, Russell G. Gu, Jianyu Yadav, Kamini Thenkabail, Prasad Ozdogan, Mutlu TI Global Land Cover Mapping: A Review and Uncertainty Analysis SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE global land cover; uncertainty analysis; error budget; classification scheme; accuracy assessment ID MAP ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DATA SET; CHARACTERISTICS DATABASE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NORTHERN EURASIA; IGBP DISCOVER; SOUTH-AMERICA; PRODUCTS; MODIS; CLASSIFICATION AB Given the advances in remotely sensed imagery and associated technologies, several global land cover maps have been produced in recent times including IGBP DISCover, UMD Land Cover, Global Land Cover 2000 and GlobCover 2009. However, the utility of these maps for specific applications has often been hampered due to considerable amounts of uncertainties and inconsistencies. A thorough review of these global land cover projects including evaluating the sources of error and uncertainty is prudent and enlightening. Therefore, this paper describes our work in which we compared, summarized and conducted an uncertainty analysis of the four global land cover mapping projects using an error budget approach. The results showed that the classification scheme and the validation methodology had the highest error contribution and implementation priority. A comparison of the classification schemes showed that there are many inconsistencies between the definitions of the map classes. This is especially true for the mixed type classes for which thresholds vary for the attributes/discriminators used in the classification process. Examination of these four global mapping projects provided quite a few important lessons for the future global mapping projects including the need for clear and uniform definitions of the classification scheme and an efficient, practical, and valid design of the accuracy assessment. C1 [Congalton, Russell G.; Gu, Jianyu; Yadav, Kamini] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Gu, Jianyu] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resources Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Thenkabail, Prasad] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ozdogan, Mutlu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Congalton, RG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 56 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM russ.congalton@unh.edu; gujianyu23@gmail.com; kaminiyadav.02@gmail.com; thenkabail@gmail.com; ozdogan@wisc.edu FU NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) [NNH13AV82I] FX The authors would like to thank NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) for funding (Grant Number: NNH13AV82I) this research. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and in particular USGS Western Geographic Science Center (WGSC) provided support and facility for the work in numerous different ways (administrative, technical, management). We are grateful for this support. Finally, we would like to thank the four anonymous reviewers that helped improve this paper with their comments and suggestions. NR 56 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 51 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12070 EP 12093 DI 10.3390/rs61212070 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300019 ER PT J AU Peterson, B Nelson, KJ AF Peterson, Birgit Nelson, Kurtis J. TI Mapping Forest Height in Alaska Using GLAS, Landsat Composites, and Airborne LiDAR SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE GLAS; LiDAR; Alaska; LANDFIRE; forest height ID LIGHT DETECTION; CANOPY HEIGHT; VEGETATION; LANDFIRE; ICESAT AB Vegetation structure, including forest canopy height, is an important input variable to fire behavior modeling systems for simulating wildfire behavior. As such, forest canopy height is one of a nationwide suite of products generated by the LANDFIRE program. In the past, LANDFIRE has relied on a combination of field observations and Landsat imagery to develop existing vegetation structure products. The paucity of field data in the remote Alaskan forests has led to a very simple forest canopy height classification for the original LANDFIRE forest height map. To better meet the needs of data users and refine the map legend, LANDFIRE incorporated ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data into the updating process when developing the LANDFIRE 2010 product. The high latitude of this region enabled dense coverage of discrete GLAS samples, from which forest height was calculated. Different methods for deriving height from the GLAS waveform data were applied, including an attempt to correct for slope. These methods were then evaluated and integrated into the final map according to predefined criteria. The resulting map of forest canopy height includes more height classes than the original map, thereby better depicting the heterogeneity of the landscape, and provides seamless data for fire behavior analysts and other users of LANDFIRE data. C1 [Peterson, Birgit] US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Nelson, Kurtis J.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Peterson, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bpeterson@usgs.gov; knelson@usgs.gov FU LANDFIRE program; USGS [G13PC00028] FX The authors wish to thank Daniel Steinwand and Jason Stoker for assistance with the GLAS and ALS data processing, respectively. The authors also thank Chris Toney with the US Forest Service's FIA program for performing extractions of the confidential FIA plot locations for the accuracy assessment. We also thank Joshua Picotte and the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript who all provided valuable comments. This work was fully funded by the LANDFIRE program. Peterson's work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12409 EP 12426 DI 10.3390/rs61212409 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300033 ER PT J AU Hogrefe, KR Ward, DH Donnelly, TF Dau, N AF Hogrefe, Kyle R. Ward, David H. Donnelly, Tyrone F. Dau, Niels TI Establishing a Baseline for Regional Scale Monitoring of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Habitat on the Lower Alaska Peninsula SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; satellite imagery; Landsat; classification; habitat mapping; isodata; maximum likelihood; Zostera marina; eelgrass; monitoring program ID SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; BRANT; SEA; BAY; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; RESOURCES AB Seagrass meadows, one of the world's most widespread and productive ecosystems, provide a wide range of services with real economic value. Worldwide declines in the distribution and abundance of seagrasses and increased threats to coastal ecosystems from climate change have prompted a need to acquire baseline data for monitoring and protecting these important habitats. We assessed the distribution and abundance of eelgrass (Zostera marina) along nearly 1200 km of shoreline on the lower Alaska Peninsula, a region of expansive eelgrass meadows whose status and trends are poorly understood. We demonstrate the effectiveness of a multi-scale approach by using Landsat satellite imagery to map the total areal extent of eelgrass while integrating field survey data to improve map accuracy and describe the physical and biological condition of the meadows. Innovative use of proven methods and processing tools was used to address challenges inherent to remote sensing in high latitude, coastal environments. Eelgrass was estimated to cover similar to 31,000 ha, 91% of submerged aquatic vegetation on the lower Alaska Peninsula, nearly doubling the known spatial extent of eelgrass in the region. Mapping accuracy was 80%-90% for eelgrass distribution at locations containing adequate field survey data for error analysis. C1 [Hogrefe, Kyle R.; Ward, David H.; Donnelly, Tyrone F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dau, Niels] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hogrefe, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM khogrefe@usgs.gov; dward@usgs.gov; tfdonnelly@usgs.gov; ncdflyer@yahoo.com FU Izembek National Wildlife Refuge (NWR); Alaska Peninsula and Becharof NWR; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 7 Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding and logistical support for the project were provided by the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Alaska Peninsula and Becharof NWR, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 7 Migratory Bird Management, and U.S. Geological Survey. We are especially grateful to Nancy Hoffman and staff of Izembek NWR, Ron Britton and the crew of the R/V Aarluk, Orville Lind and Kevin Payne. Field collections would not be possible without the generous help of Bruce Casler, Lucretia Fairchild, Pat Harris, Sandra Lindstrom, and Kristine Sowl. The use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper benefited from reviews by John Pearce and Mandy Lindberg. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 27 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12447 EP 12477 DI 10.3390/rs61212447 PG 31 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300035 ER PT J AU Selkowitz, DJ Forster, RR Caldwell, MK AF Selkowitz, David J. Forster, Richard R. Caldwell, Megan K. TI Prevalence of Pure Versus Mixed Snow Cover Pixels across Spatial Resolutions in Alpine Environments SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of snow cover; snow-covered area; mixed pixels; spatial resolution; Landsat; MODIS ID LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; MOUNTAIN BASINS; GRAIN-SIZE; MODIS DATA; SURFACE; MODEL; DEPTH; SCALE; AREA; VEGETATION AB Remote sensing of snow-covered area (SCA) can be binary (indicating the presence/absence of snow cover at each pixel) or fractional (indicating the fraction of each pixel covered by snow). Fractional SCA mapping provides more information than binary SCA, but is more difficult to implement and may not be feasible with all types of remote sensing data. The utility of fractional SCA mapping relative to binary SCA mapping varies with the intended application as well as by spatial resolution, temporal resolution and period of interest, and climate. We quantified the frequency of occurrence of partially snow-covered (mixed) pixels at spatial resolutions between 1 m and 500 m over five dates at two study areas in the western U.S., using 0.5 m binary SCA maps derived from high spatial resolution imagery aggregated to fractional SCA at coarser spatial resolutions. In addition, we used in situ monitoring to estimate the frequency of partially snow-covered conditions for the period September 2013-August 2014 at 10 60-m grid cell footprints at two study areas with continental snow climates. Results from the image analysis indicate that at 40 m, slightly above the nominal spatial resolution of Landsat, mixed pixels accounted for 25%-93% of total pixels, while at 500 m, the nominal spatial resolution of MODIS bands used for snow cover mapping, mixed pixels accounted for 67%-100% of total pixels. Mixed pixels occurred more commonly at the continental snow climate site than at the maritime snow climate site. The in situ data indicate that some snow cover was present between 186 and 303 days, and partial snow cover conditions occurred on 10%-98% of days with snow cover. Four sites remained partially snow-free throughout most of the winter and spring, while six sites were entirely snow covered throughout most or all of the winter and spring. Within 60 m grid cells, the late spring/summer transition from snow-covered to snow-free conditions lasted 17-56 days and averaged 37 days. Our results suggest that mixed snow-covered snow-free pixels are common at the spatial resolutions imaged by both the Landsat and MODIS sensors. This highlights the additional information available from fractional SCA products and suggests fractional SCA can provide a major advantage for hydrological and climatological monitoring and modeling, particularly when accurate representation of the spatial distribution of snow cover is critical. C1 [Selkowitz, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Selkowitz, David J.; Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Caldwell, Megan K.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Caldwell, Megan K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80339 USA. RP Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dselkowitz@usgs.gov; rick.forster@geog.utah.edu; mcaldwell@usgs.gov FU Land Remote Sensing Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this research was provided by the Land Remote Sensing Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance in the field provided by Melanie Cota and Barry Middleton. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12478 EP 12508 DI 10.3390/rs61212478 PG 31 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300036 ER PT J AU McGann, M AF McGann, Mary TI Delivery of terrigenous material to submarine fans: Biological evidence of local, staged, and full-canyon sediment transport down the Ascension-Monterey Canyon system SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA FAN; CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; STAINED BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; HOLOCENE SEDIMENTATION; CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; NEW-JERSEY AB Submarine canyons are prevalent in the world's oceans and are instrumental in transporting sediment from coastal regions to deep-sea fans. Conventional sediment parameters such as mean grain size, sorting, and provenance have typically been used to characterize these deposits, but they provide little information on sediment source or the delivery processes involved. Fortunately, transported along with the mineral grains are the remains of organisms living within the sediment. Biological constituents have unique environmental signatures that are more precise proxies for source areas than are mineral grains alone. They may be used to identify a single biofacies deposit (SBD) due to local sediment transport or a displaced, multiple biofacies deposit (MBD) resulting from staged sediment transport or a full-canyon flushing event. This Ascension-Monterey Canyon system study demonstrates that by using the biological constituents in marine deposits, the source areas and transport mechanisms may be identified. The 19,000 year record of core S3-15G captured hemipelagic mud interspersed with individual turbidites of sand and silt transported to the core site at lower bathyal depths (3491 m). The relative abundance of displaced benthic foraminifera was found to correlate positively with grain size, with 75% of the fauna being displaced in the cross-bedded turbiditic sand (T-c) units, 39% in the laminated turbiditic sand (T-d) units, and 15% in the turbiditic mud (T-et) units. Nineteen samples were SBDs representing local canyon wall sloughing, bioerosion, or hemipelagic deposition at or near the core site. Sixty-five were MBDs, 31 of which were turbiditic sands originating in the estuarine to inner shelf, outer shelf, upper slope, or upper middle slope, and the remaining 34 were turbiditic muds with displacement initiated in the estuarine to inner shelf, outer shelf, and the upper slope. Commonly, the biological remains of several biofacies characterize these MBDs, reflecting staged sediment transport with storage occurring behind slumps that act as barriers to movement until finally released. Sediment bypassing, typically of the deeper biofacies, and full-canyon flushing, were also evident. Identifying and interpreting the distribution of allochthonous biological sediment constituents in marine deposits is a powerful tool in the investigation of sediment transport that can be applied to other submarine canyon systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 144 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1075 DI 10.1130/GES01019.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX2DA UT WOS:000346752400001 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Gustine, DD Joly, K AF Wilson, Ryan R. Gustine, David D. Joly, Kyle TI Evaluating Potential Effects of an Industrial Road on Winter Habitat of Caribou in North-Central Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; caribou; development; Rangifer tarandus; resource selection; roads; winter ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS-GROENLANDICUS; WOODLAND CARIBOU; RESOURCE SELECTION; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; LICHEN ABUNDANCE; WILD REINDEER; MULE DEER; SNOW; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB Worldwide, some caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations are experiencing declines due partially to the expansion of industrial development. Caribou can exhibit behavioral avoidance of development, leading to,indirect habitat loss, even if the actual footprint is small. Thus, it is important to understand before construction begins how much habitat might be affected by proposed development. In northern Alaska, an industrial road that has been proposed to facilitate mining transects a portion of the Western Arctic caribou herd's winter range. To understand how winter habitat use might be affected by the road, we estimated resource selection patterns during winter for caribou in a study area surrounding the proposed road. We assessed the reductions of habitat value associated with three proposed routes at three distance thresholds for disturbance. High-value winter habitat tended to occur in locally rugged areas that have not burned recently and have a high density of lichen and early dates of spring snowmelt. We found that 1.5% to 8.5% (146-848 km(2)) of existing high-value winter habitat in our study area might be reduced in quality. The three alternative routes were only marginally different. Our results suggest that the road would have minimal direct effects on high-value winter habitat; however, additional cumulative impacts to caribou (e.g., increased access by recreationists and hunters) should be considered before the full effects of the road can be estimated. C1 [Wilson, Ryan R.] Wilderness Soc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Gustine, David D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Joly, Kyle] Arctic Inventory & Monitoring Network, Gates Arctic Natl Pk & Preserve, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Wilson, RR (reprint author), Wilderness Soc, 705 Christensen Dr, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM ryan.radford.wilson@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey National Park Monitoring Program; National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative FX Valuable comments were provided by W. Loya, L.G. Adams, J. Lawler, J. Rasic, and J. Pearce on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Caribou captures were a collaborative effort involving the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and regional high schools. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Park Monitoring Program, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative (Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area). Use of any trade names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 58 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 472 EP 482 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AX0EG UT WOS:000346625500005 ER PT J AU Voorhees, H Sparks, R Huntington, HP Rode, KD AF Voorhees, Hannah Sparks, Rhonda Huntington, Henry P. Rode, Karyn D. TI Traditional Knowledge about Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in Northwestern Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE polar bears; Ursus maritimus; Alaska; sea ice; ice habitat; predation; traditional knowledge; Alaska Natives; Arctic warming; climate change; subsistence hunting ID TOTAL-ENERGY BUDGET; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; SUMMER DIETS; BEAUFORT SEA; ICE; CONSTRAINTS; POPULATIONS; WILDLIFE; SCIENCE AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are an iconic Arctic species, but residents of Arctic coastal communities are among the few who have opportunities to observe their behavior for extended periods of time. Documenting traditional knowledge about polar bears is thus an important research approach, especially in light of recent rapid changes to summer sea ice extent. We-interviewed polar bear hunters in seven Alaska Native communities along the coast of the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Our study confirmed findings from similar research conducted in the mid-1990s and added information about the responses of polar bears to more recent environmental change. The distribution and local abundance of polar bears have changed over time, though different communities report different patterns. Polar bears arrive from the north later in fall than previously. Despite substantial changes in sea ice and other aspects of polar bear habitat, the animals generally appear to be in good body condition, and cubs continue to be observed regularly. While polar bears continue to feed primarily on seals, they have been observed eating a diverse range of foods, including eggs, greens, fish, berries, and other foods as available. Reduction in harvest levels due to environmental, economic, and social factors is the overriding trend; however, in years when bears are particularly abundant around villages, this pattern is temporarily reversed. Polar bears remain important spiritually and culturally for the indigenous communities of northern and western Alaska. C1 [Voorhees, Hannah] Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sparks, Rhonda] Alaska Nanuuq Commiss, Nome, AK 99762 USA. [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Voorhees, H (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, 3260 South St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM hannahv@sas.upenn.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; USFWS FX This project was initiated through the vision and determination of the Alaska Nanuuq Commission (ANC) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The ANC's relationships with hunters and local communities made this study possible. All interviews, data collection, and data summarization were conducted by the ANC. Funding was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the USFWS. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 136 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 523 EP 536 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AX0EG UT WOS:000346625500009 ER PT J AU Stanton, JC AF Stanton, Jessica C. TI Present-day risk assessment would have predicted the extinction of the passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Habitat loss; Hunting; IUCN Red List; Population fluctuations; Population modeling; Threat assessment; Threat status ID SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; HYDE 3.1; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS AB The precipitous decline and extinction of the passenger pigeon one century ago helped galvanize implementation of national policies and international cooperation on wildlife management. Having a clear understanding of past conservation failures will aid in preventing future unanticipated extinctions. Simulations from a population model developed for this species indicate that while habitat loss contributed to decline, the main cause of the extinction was an unregulated commercial harvest. Hindcast application of the IUCN's Red Listing criteria to modeled population trajectories show that the species would have been listed as threatened for decades prior to extinction had the data and risk-assessment methods been available. Abundant populations can belie indicators of extinction-risk such as a high rate of population decline. Listing species as threatened based solely on rates of decline remains controversial; however this study demonstrates that this risk-indicator may have been the sole means by which the risk to the passenger pigeon could have been detected early enough for effective conservation measures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stanton, Jessica C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. RP Stanton, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jcstanton@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 180 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.023 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW3UO UT WOS:000346211700002 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Burdett, CL Boydston, EE Lyren, LM Alonso, RS Fisher, RN Crooks, KR AF Poessel, Sharon A. Burdett, Christopher L. Boydston, Erin E. Lyren, Lisa M. Alonso, Robert S. Fisher, Robert N. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Roads influence movement and home ranges of a fragmentation-sensitive carnivore, the bobcat, in an urban landscape SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE California; Connectivity; Lynx rufus; Movement path; Road crossing; Selection ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FLORIDA PANTHERS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; UNITED-STATES; GENE FLOW; HIGHWAY; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY; MORTALITY AB Roads in urbanized areas can impact carnivore populations by constraining their movements and increasing mortality. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are felids capable of living in urban environments, but are sensitive to habitat fragmentation and, thus, useful indicators of landscape connectivity; in particular, bobcat habitat selection, movement, and mortality may be affected by roads. We analyzed movement patterns of 52 bobcats in southern California in three study sites and investigated: (1) how bobcats responded to two types of roads within their home ranges; (2) how they placed their home ranges with respect to roads within the study area; and (3) whether male and female bobcats differed in their behavioral responses to roads. Within home ranges, primary and secondary roads did not influence movements, but bobcats more frequently crossed secondary roads when road densities were higher within their home ranges, thus increasing mortality risk. However, road densities within each study site were several times higher than road densities within home ranges, suggesting bobcats selected against roaded areas in home-range placement. Male home ranges bordering roads were smaller than home ranges for other males, but male home ranges containing roads were larger than those without roads. Male bobcats also were more likely to cross roads than females, potentially reflecting larger male home range sizes. Our results suggest roads have important impacts on urban bobcats, with stronger effects on males than females, and continued efforts to mitigate the effects of roads on carnivores and other fragmentation-sensitive species would help promote connectivity conservation in urban systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.; Burdett, Christopher L.; Alonso, Robert S.; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poessel, Sharon A.; Boydston, Erin E.; Alonso, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91620 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sharpoes@gmail.com RI Poessel, Sharon/B-3651-2013 OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X FU Nature Conservancy; Irvine Company; Transportation Corridor Agencies; Orange County Great Park Corporation; California Department of Transportation-District 8; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank E. Ambat, G. Geye, C. Haas, D. Halsing, L Kershner, J. Kraft, C. Laudadio, C. Lowrey, R. Mowry, B. Nerhus, D. Newell, M. Ordenana, J. Paludi, J. Purdum, K. Raymond, J. Shaw, R. Sosa, G. Turschak, P. Wasz, S. Yamamoto, and E. York for assistance in the field, and S. Weldy and K. Krause for veterinary support to field operations. We thank all agencies that provided us access to their properties. We also thank S. Riley for his detailed and helpful review of the manuscript. The Nature Conservancy, The Irvine Company, Transportation Corridor Agencies, Orange County Great Park Corporation, California Department of Transportation-District 8, and the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for the studies. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 17 U2 146 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 180 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.010 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW3UO UT WOS:000346211700022 ER PT J AU Brand, AB Wiewel, ANM Grant, EHC AF Brand, Adrianne B. Wiewel, Amber N. M. Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Potential reduction in terrestrial salamander ranges associated with Marcellus shale development SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic fracturing; Marcellus shale; Occurrence modeling; Plethodon; Salamanders ID PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; NORTHCENTRAL APPALACHIANS; LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS; AMPHIBIAN MOVEMENTS; GAS DEVELOPMENT; FOREST ROADS; ABUNDANCE; FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEM; EDGES AB Natural gas production from the Marcellus shale is rapidly increasing in the northeastern United States. Most of the endemic terrestrial salamander species in the region are classified as 'globally secure' by the IUCN, primarily because much of their ranges include state- and federally protected lands, which have been presumed to be free from habitat loss. However, the proposed and ongoing development of the Marcellus gas resources may result in significant range restrictions for these and other terrestrial forest salamanders. To begin to address the gaps in our knowledge of the direct impacts of shale gas development, we developed occurrence models for five species of terrestrial plethodontid salamanders found largely within the Marcellus shale play. We predicted future Marcellus shale development under several scenarios. Under scenarios of 10,000, 20,000, and 50,000 new gas wells, we predict 4%, 8%, and 20% forest loss, respectively, within the play. Predictions of habitat loss vary among species, but in general, Plethodon electromorphus and Plethodon wehrlei are predicted to lose the greatest proportion of forested habitat within their ranges if future Marcellus development is based on characteristics of the shale play. If development is based on current well locations, Plethodon richmondi is predicted to lose the greatest proportion of habitat. Models showed high uncertainty in species' ranges and emphasize the need for distribution data collected by widespread and repeated, randomized surveys. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brand, Adrianne B.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Northeast Amphibian Res & Monitoring Initiat, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Wiewel, Amber N. M.] US Geol Survey, Northeast Amphibian Res & Monitoring Initiat, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16827 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northeast Amphibian Res & Monitoring Initiat, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM abrand@usgs.gov; awiewel@usgs.gov; ehgrant@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 180 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.008 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW3UO UT WOS:000346211700023 ER PT J AU Godwin, JC Lovich, JE Ennen, JR Kreiser, BR Folt, B Lechowicz, C AF Godwin, James C. Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. Kreiser, Brian R. Folt, Brian Lechowicz, Chris TI Hybridization of Two Megacephalic Map Turtles (Testudines: Emydidae: Graptemys) in the Choctawhatchee River Drainage of Alabama and Florida SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; GENUS-PSEUDEMYS; ASSEMBLY RULES; UNITED-STATES; BOX TURTLES; FRESH-WATER; CONSERVATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; SOFTWARE AB Map turtles of the genus Graptemys are highly aquatic and rarely undergo terrestrial movements, and limited dispersal among drainages has been hypothesized to drive drainage-specific endemism and high species richness of this group in the southeastern United States. Until recently, two members of the megacephalic "pulchra clade," Graptemys barbouri and Graptemys ernsti, were presumed to be allopatric with a gap in both species' ranges in the Choctawhatchee River drainage. In this paper, we analyzed variation in morphology (head and shell patterns) and genetics (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci) from G. barbouri, G. ernsti, and Graptemys sp. collected from the Choctawhatchee River drainage, and we document the syntopic occurrence of those species and back-crossed individuals of mixed ancestry in the Choctawhatchee River drainage. Our results provide a first counter-example to the pattern of drainage-specific endemism in megacephalic Graptemys. Geologic events associated with Pliocene and Pleistocene sea level fluctuations and the existence of paleo-river systems appear to have allowed the invasion of the Choctawhatchee system by these species, and the subsequent introgression likely predates any potential human-mediated introduction. C1 [Godwin, James C.] Auburn Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Alabama Nat Heritage Program, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Kreiser, Brian R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Folt, Brian] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Folt, Brian] Auburn Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lechowicz, Chris] Sanibel Capt Conservat Fdn, Sanibel, FL 33957 USA. RP Godwin, JC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Alabama Nat Heritage Program, 1090 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jcg0001@auburn.edu; jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; jre@tnaqua.org; brian.kreiser@usm.edu; brian.folt@gmail.com; clechowicz@sccf.org OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 6 grant FX Funding was provided by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources through a Section 6 grant. We thank the following people who helped provided assistance in the field: L. Smith, J. Howze, B. Howze, K. Stohlgren, B. Schlimm, R. King, C. Oliver, T. Baldvins, G. Brooks, S. Graham, and J. Stiles. Michael Barbour produced the map. C. Guyer, C. Murray, M. Miller, S. Goetz, M. Wines, and A. Jenkins provided helpful discussion on the topic, and we thank G. Pauly for reviewing an early form of the manuscript, and D. Steen for a revisionary review. This study was conducted under the guidelines and permission of Auburn University IACUC 2010-1827, ADCNR Protected Species Scientific Collecting Permit 2012000064668680. We thank the Auburn University librarians for procuring literature resources for this study. This paper is contribution no. 698 of the Auburn University Museum of Natural History. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC PY 2014 IS 4 BP 725 EP 742 DI 10.1643/CH-13-132 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AX0AL UT WOS:000346616000013 ER PT J AU Thuiller, W Munkemuller, T Schiffers, KH Georges, D Dullinger, S Eckhart, VM Edwards, TC Gravel, D Kunstler, G Merow, C Moore, K Piedallu, C Vissault, S Zimmermann, NE Zurell, D Schurr, FM AF Thuiller, Wilfried Muenkemueller, Tamara Schiffers, Katja H. Georges, Damien Dullinger, Stefan Eckhart, Vincent M. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Gravel, Dominique Kunstler, Georges Merow, Cory Moore, Kara Piedallu, Christian Vissault, Steve Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Zurell, Damaris Schurr, Frank M. TI Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics? SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; LOGISTIC EQUATION; LOCAL ABUNDANCE; HABITAT MODELS; RANGE LIMITS; NICHE; TREES; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Hutchinson defined species' realized niche as the set of environmental conditions in which populations can persist in the presence of competitors. In terms of demography, the realized niche corresponds to the environments where the intrinsic growth rate (r) of populations is positive. Observed species occurrences should reflect the realized niche when additional processes like dispersal and local extinction lags do not have overwhelming effects. Despite the foundational nature of these ideas, quantitative assessments of the relationship between range-wide demographic performance and occurrence probability have not been made. This assessment is needed both to improve our conceptual understanding of species' niches and ranges and to develop reliable mechanistic models of species geographic distributions that incorporate demography and species interactions. The objective of this study is to analyse how demographic parameters (intrinsic growth rate r and carrying capacity K) and population density (N) relate to occurrence probability (P-occ). We hypothesized that these relationships vary with species' competitive ability. Demographic parameters, density, and occurrence probability were estimated for 108 tree species from four temperate forest inventory surveys (Quebec, western USA, France and Switzerland). We used published information of shade tolerance as indicators of light competition strategy, assuming that high tolerance denotes high competitive capacity in stable forest environments. Interestingly, relationships between demographic parameters and occurrence probability did not vary substantially across degrees of shade tolerance and regions. Although they were influenced by the uncertainty in the estimation of the demographic parameters, we found that r was generally negatively correlated with P-occ, while N, and for most regions K, was generally positively correlated with P-occ. Thus, in temperate forest trees the regions of highest occurrence probability are those with high densities but slow intrinsic population growth rates. The uncertain relationships between demography and occurrence probability suggests caution when linking species distribution and demographic models. C1 [Thuiller, Wilfried; Muenkemueller, Tamara; Schiffers, Katja H.; Georges, Damien] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, FR-38000 Grenoble, France. [Thuiller, Wilfried; Muenkemueller, Tamara; Schiffers, Katja H.; Georges, Damien] CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, FR-38000 Grenoble, France. [Dullinger, Stefan] Fac Ctr Biodivers, Dept Conservat Biol Vegetat & Landscape Ecol, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Eckhart, Vincent M.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Biol, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gravel, Dominique; Vissault, Steve] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Kunstler, Georges] UR Mt Ecosyst, Irstea, St Martin Dheres, France. [Kunstler, Georges] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Merow, Cory] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21307 USA. [Moore, Kara] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Piedallu, Christian] ENGREF, AgroParisTech, UMR1092, Lab Etud Resources Foret Bois LERFOB, Nancy, France. [Piedallu, Christian] Ctr INRA Nancy, INRA, UMR1092, Lab Etud Resources Foret Bois LERFoB, Champenoux, France. [Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Zurell, Damaris] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Landscape Dynam Unit, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Zurell, Damaris] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, DE-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Schurr, Frank M.] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5554, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Schurr, Frank M.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Landscape & Plant Ecol, DE-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Thuiller, W (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, FR-38000 Grenoble, France. EM wilfried.thuiller@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008; Zurell, Damaris/E-2439-2012; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Kunstler, Georges/F-9179-2012 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604; Zurell, Damaris/0000-0002-4628-3558; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Kunstler, Georges/0000-0002-2544-1940 FU European Research Council under European Community [281422]; Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences [10-085056]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1046328, 1137366, DEB-0919230]; DFG [WI 3576/1-1]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [SCHU 2259/5-1]; Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within 7th European Community Framework Program [299340]; Rhone-Alpes region [CPER0713 CIRA]; France-Grille FX The research leading to this paper had received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seven Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 grant agreement no. 281422 (TEEMBIO). This study arose from two workshops entitled 'Advancing concepts and models of species range dynamics: understanding and disentangling processes across scales'. Funding was provided by the Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences (grant no. 10-085056). CM acknowledges funding from National Science Foundation (NSF) grant 1046328 and NSF grant 1137366. KM acknowledges funding from NSF grant DEB-0919230. DZ acknowledges funding by DFG grant WI 3576/1-1. The work of FMS was supported by German Research Foundation (DFG) grant SCHU 2259/5-1. GK was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Program (Demotraits project, no. 299340). We are thankful for access to forest inventory data of France, Quebec, western USA and Switzerland. Most of the computations presented in this paper were performed using the CIMENT infrastructure (https://ciment.ujf-grenoble.fr), which is supported by the Rhone-Alpes region (GRANT CPER0713 CIRA: http://www.ci-ra.org) and France-Grille (www.france-grilles.fr). WT belongs to the LECA, part of Labex OSUG@2020 (ANR10 LABX56). NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1155 EP 1166 DI 10.1111/ecog.00836 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8MB UT WOS:000345849400002 PM 25722536 ER PT J AU Svenning, JC Gravel, D Holt, RD Schurr, FM Thuiller, W Munkemuller, T Schiffers, KH Dullinger, S Edwards, TC Hickler, T Higgins, SI Nabel, JEMS Pagel, J Normand, S AF Svenning, Jens-Christian Gravel, Dominique Holt, Robert D. Schurr, Frank M. Thuiller, Wilfried Muenkemueller, Tamara Schiffers, Katja H. Dullinger, Stefan Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Hickler, Thomas Higgins, Steven I. Nabel, Julia E. M. S. Pagel, Joern Normand, Signe TI The influence of interspecific interactions on species range expansion rates SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PLANT MIGRATION RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SENECIO-INAEQUIDENS; INVASIVE PLANTS; SEED DISPERSAL; SPATIAL SPREAD; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES; VEGETATION DYNAMICS AB Ongoing and predicted global change makes understanding and predicting species' range shifts an urgent scientific priority. Here, we provide a synthetic perspective on the so far poorly understood effects of interspecific interactions on range expansion rates. We present theoretical foundations for how interspecific interactions may modulate range expansion rates, consider examples from empirical studies of biological invasions and natural range expansions as well as process-based simulations, and discuss how interspecific interactions can be more broadly represented in process-based, spatiotemporally explicit range forecasts. Theory tells us that interspecific interactions affect expansion rates via alteration of local population growth rates and spatial displacement rates, but also via effects on other demographic parameters. The best empirical evidence for interspecific effects on expansion rates comes from studies of biological invasions. Notably, invasion studies indicate that competitive dominance and release from specialized enemies can enhance expansion rates. Studies of natural range expansions especially point to the potential for competition from resident species to reduce expansion rates. Overall, it is clear that interspecific interactions may have important consequences for range dynamics, but also that their effects have received too little attention to robustly generalize on their importance. We then discuss how interspecific interactions effects can be more widely incorporated in dynamic modeling of range expansions. Importantly, models must describe spatiotemporal variation in both local population dynamics and dispersal. Finally, we derive the following guidelines for when it is particularly important to explicitly represent interspecific interactions in dynamic range expansion forecasts: if most interacting species show correlated spatial or temporal trends in their effects on the target species, if the number of interacting species is low, and if the abundance of one or more strongly interacting species is not closely linked to the abundance of the target species. C1 [Svenning, Jens-Christian] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Gravel, Dominique] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Holt, Robert D.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schurr, Frank M.; Pagel, Joern] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5554, Inst Sci Evolut, FR-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Schurr, Frank M.; Pagel, Joern] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Thuiller, Wilfried; Muenkemueller, Tamara; Schiffers, Katja H.] Univ Grenoble 1, Evolu ,Modeling & Analyzing BIOdivers Grp, Lab Ecol Alpine, CNRS,UMR 5553, Grenoble 9, France. [Dullinger, Stefan] Univ Vienna, Dept Conservat Biol Vegetat Ecol & Landscape Ecol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hickler, Thomas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Higgins, Steven I.] Univ Otago, Dept Bot, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Nabel, Julia E. M. S.; Normand, Signe] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Nabel, Julia E. M. S.] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Svenning, JC (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM svenning@biology.au.dk RI Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Higgins, Steven/A-5138-2012; Normand, Signe/A-1561-2012; Hickler, Thomas/S-6287-2016 OI Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Higgins, Steven/0000-0001-5695-9665; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Hickler, Thomas/0000-0002-4668-7552 FU Danish Council for Independent Research\Natural Sciences [10-085056]; Aarhus Univ.; Aarhus Univ. Research Foundation; European Research Council [ERC-2012-StG-310886-HISTFUNC]; Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada; European Research Council under European Community [281422]; EraNet BiodivERsA project [ANR-11-EBID-002 CONNECT]; Austrian Panel for Climate Research (SPEC-Adapt) [B175127]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [315230-122434]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [SCHU 2259/3-1, SCHU 2259/5-1]; Univ. of Florida Foundation FX This study arose from two workshops entitled 'Advancing concepts and models of species range dynamics: understanding and disentangling processes across scales'. Funding was provided by the Danish Council for Independent Research vertical bar Natural Sciences (grant no. 10-085056 to SN). JCS acknowledges his contribution as an outcome of the Center for Informatics Research on Complexity in Ecology (CIRCE) and thanks Aarhus Univ. and Aarhus Univ. Research Foundation for funding CIRCE under the AU IDEAS program. JCS was additionally supported by the European Research Council (ERC-2012-StG-310886-HISTFUNC). DG acknowledges financial support by the Strategic and Discovery programs of the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada. WT and KS received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seven Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement no. 281422 (TEEMBIO). TM was funded by the EraNet BiodivERsA project ANR-11-EBID-002 CONNECT. SD acknowledges funding by the Austrian Panel for Climate Research (SPEC-Adapt, B175127). JN was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) Grant 315230-122434. FMS and JP acknowledge funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) grants SCHU 2259/3-1 and SCHU 2259/5-1. RDH thanks funding from the Univ. of Florida Foundation. FS considers this publication ISEM 2013-154 of the lnst. des sciences de l'Evolution de Hont pellier. NR 107 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 22 U2 166 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1198 EP 1209 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00574.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8MB UT WOS:000345849400005 PM 25722537 ER PT J AU Merow, C Smith, MJ Edwards, TC Guisan, A McMahon, SM Normand, S Thuiller, W Wuest, RO Zimmermann, NE Elith, J AF Merow, Cory Smith, Mathew J. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Guisan, Antoine McMahon, Sean M. Normand, Signe Thuiller, Wilfried Wueest, Rafael O. Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Elith, Jane TI What do we gain from simplicity versus complexity in species distribution models? SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; HABITAT MODELS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BETA-FUNCTION; NULL-MODEL; PREDICTION AB Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to explain and predict species ranges and environmental niches. They are most commonly constructed by inferring species' occurrence-environment relationships using statistical and machine-learning methods. The variety of methods that can be used to construct SDMs (e.g. generalized linear/additive models, tree-based models, maximum entropy, etc.), and the variety of ways that such models can be implemented, permits substantial flexibility in SDM complexity. Building models with an appropriate amount of complexity for the study objectives is critical for robust inference. We characterize complexity as the shape of the inferred occurrence-environment relationships and the number of parameters used to describe them, and search for insights into whether additional complexity is informative or superfluous. By building 'under fit' models, having insufficient flexibility to describe observed occurrence-environment relationships, we risk misunderstanding the factors shaping species distributions. By building 'over fit' models, with excessive flexibility, we risk inadvertently ascribing pattern to noise or building opaque models. However, model selection can be challenging, especially when comparing models constructed under different modeling approaches. Here we argue for a more pragmatic approach: researchers should constrain the complexity of their models based on study objective, attributes of the data, and an understanding of how these interact with the underlying biological processes. We discuss guidelines for balancing under fitting with over fitting and consequently how complexity affects decisions made during model building. Although some generalities are possible, our discussion reflects differences in opinions that favor simpler versus more complex models. We conclude that combining insights from both simple and complex SDM building approaches best advances our knowledge of current and future species ranges. C1 [Merow, Cory; McMahon, Sean M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21307 USA. [Merow, Cory] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Merow, Cory; Smith, Mathew J.] Microsoft Res, Sci Computat Lab, Cairo CB1 2FB, Egypt. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Guisan, Antoine] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Guisan, Antoine] Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Surface Dynam, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Normand, Signe; Wueest, Rafael O.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Normand, Signe] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Thuiller, Wilfried; Wueest, Rafael O.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LECA, FR-38000 Grenoble, France. [Thuiller, Wilfried; Wueest, Rafael O.] LECA, CNRS 10, FR-38000 Grenoble, France. [Elith, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Excellence Biosecur Risk Anal, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Merow, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21307 USA. EM cory.merow@gmail.com RI Wuest, Rafael/G-6070-2012; Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008; Elith, Jane/F-2022-2015; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Normand, Signe/A-1561-2012 OI Wuest, Rafael/0000-0001-6047-1945; Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604; Elith, Jane/0000-0002-8706-0326; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154 FU Danish Council for Independent Research \ Natural Sciences [10-085056]; NSF [1046328, 1137366]; European Research Council under European Community [281422]; Swiss National Science Foundation [CRS113-125240, PBZHP3_147226]; Australian Research Council [FT0991640] FX This study arose from two workshops entitled 'Advancing concepts and models of species range dynamics: understanding and disentangling processes across scales'. Funding was provided by the Danish Council for Independent Research vertical bar Natural Sciences (grant no. 10-085056 to SN). CM acknowledges funding from NSF grant 1046328 and NSF grant 1137366. WT acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seven Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement no. 281422 (TEEMBIO). RW acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Synergia Project CRS113-125240, Early Postdoc Mobility Grant PBZHP3_147226). JE acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council (grant FT0991640). TE states that mention any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 16 U2 153 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1267 EP 1281 DI 10.1111/ecog.00845 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8MB UT WOS:000345849400011 ER PT J AU Laake, JL Johnson, DS Diefenbach, DR Ternent, MA AF Laake, Jeffrey L. Johnson, Devin S. Diefenbach, Duane R. Ternent, Mark A. TI Hidden Markov Model for Dependent Mark Loss and Survival Estimation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS); Hidden Markov model; Mark loss; Tag loss ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; TAG LOSS; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION DATA; BLACK BEARS; RECAPTURE; POPULATION; RATES; CALIFORNIA AB Mark-recapture estimators assume no loss of marks to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters. We describe a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework that integrates a mark loss model with a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model for survival estimation. Mark loss can be estimated with single-marked animals as long as a sub-sample of animals has a permanent mark. Double-marking provides an estimate of mark loss assuming independence but dependence can be modeled with a permanently marked sub-sample. We use a log-linear approach to include covariates for mark loss and dependence which is more flexible than existing published methods for integrated models. The HMM approach is demonstrated with a dataset of black bears (Ursus americanus) with two ear tags and a subset of which were permanently marked with tattoos. The data were analyzed with and without the tattoo. Dropping the tattoos resulted in estimates of survival that were reduced by 0.005-0.035 due to tag loss dependence that could not be modeled. We also analyzed the data with and without the tattoo using a single tag. By not using. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line. C1 [Laake, Jeffrey L.; Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ternent, Mark A.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Laake, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff.laake@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 4 BP 524 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s13253-014-0190-1 PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AX0HM UT WOS:000346633600009 ER PT J AU Hollenbeck, JP Olsen, MJ Haig, SM AF Hollenbeck, Jeff P. Olsen, Michael J. Haig, Susan M. TI Using terrestrial laser scanning to support ecological research in the rocky intertidal zone SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial laser scanning; Airborne lidar; Rocky intertidal; Shorebird habitat; Sea-level rise; Climate change ID DATUM TRANSFORMATION TOOL; SMALL-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; SEA-LEVEL RISE; BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS; HAEMATOPUS-BACHMANI; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE HEIGHT; HABITAT; FOREST AB Scale-appropriate, foundational datasets are necessary for ecological analyses of the rocky intertidal ecosystem. We used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to characterize and quantify the rocky intertidal zone topography at a western U.S. coastal site (Rabbit Rock, Oregon) to support ecological research relating to potential climate-induced changes in distribution and abundance of intertidal invertebrates and a large-bodied shorebird, the Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani). Alternate available data (e.g., aerial photography, airborne LIDAR) proved inadequate or infeasible for development of a topographic surface model inclusive of intertidal area from Mean Lower Low Water to Mean Higher High Water tidal elevation. Our TLS-derived topographic surface model competently supported development of an invertebrate distribution model relative to tidal elevation and topography. Using the developed model, we estimated current and future aerial extent of the intertidal zone and potential foraging habitat for Black Oystercatcher in our study area. Intertidal zone area decreased from 7,194 m(2) to 6,409 m(2) and 3,070 m(2) with 1 and 2 m sea-level rise, respectively. Surprisingly, due to the configuration of site substrate, potential foraging habitat for Black Oystercatcher increased from 5,658 to 5,903 m(2) with 1 m sea-level rise, but declined to 3,068 m(2) with 2 m sea-level rise. Our results demonstrate the utility of TLS for ecological research in the rocky intertidal zone. They further illustrate that climate change effects on ecological conditions may vary considerably depending on local configurations. C1 [Hollenbeck, Jeff P.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olsen, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hollenbeck, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jhollenbeck@usgs.gov; michael.olsen@oregonstate.edu; susan.haig@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1400-0350 EI 1874-7841 J9 J COAST CONSERV JI J. Coast. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 18 IS 6 BP 701 EP 714 DI 10.1007/s11852-014-0346-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AW6YX UT WOS:000346412600010 ER PT J AU Martell, MS Bierregaard, RO Washburn, BE Elliott, JE Henny, CJ Kennedy, RS MacLeod, I AF Martell, Mark S. Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr. Washburn, Brian E. Elliott, John E. Henny, Charles J. Kennedy, Robert S. MacLeod, Iain TI THE SPRING MIGRATION OF ADULT NORTH AMERICAN OSPREYS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; loop migration; North America; satellite telemetry; spring migration ID EASTERN WASHINGTON OSPREYS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; PANDION-HALIAETUS; WIND; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; PERFORMANCE; RECOVERIES; RAPTORS; ROUTES AB Most North American Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) are migratory, breeding in northern latitudes and migrating long distances to and from their wintering grounds in the tropics. Although fall migration patterns of North American Ospreys have been described and studied, very little has been published about the spring migration of these birds. We used satellite telemetry to: (1) determine the characteristics (timing, duration, migratory routes) of spring migrations of Ospreys; (2) determine if differences in spring migration patterns existed between sexes and among three breeding populations (east coast, midwestern, and western); and (3) compare consecutive fall and spring migrations of individual Ospreys. The median dates for departure from the wintering grounds and arrival on the breeding grounds did not differ significantly between adult male and female Ospreys. Compared to their fall migrations, all male and all east coast Ospreys spent fewer days on migration, fewer days in stopover periods along the migration route, traveled shorter distances overall, and traveled farther (on average) each day during spring. In contrast, fall and spring migration characteristics of all female and western Ospreys were similar. Our findings suggest that, although sex and breeding location might influence the spring migration strategy used by individual Ospreys, both males and females minimize the time spent on migration to ensure a timely arrival on the breeding grounds to establish or defend a nesting territory. C1 [Martell, Mark S.] Audubon Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. [Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Washburn, Brian E.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Elliott, John E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kennedy, Robert S.] Maria Mitchel Assoc, Nantucket, MA 02554 USA. [MacLeod, Iain] Squam Lakes Nat Sci Ctr, Holderness, NH 03245 USA. RP Martell, MS (reprint author), Audubon Minnesota, 1 Water St West,Suite 200, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. EM mmartell@audubon.org FU Audubon Massachusetts; Canon USA; Douglas Dayton; Wallace Dayton; Dellwood Foundation; Environment Canada; International Foods and Fragrances; Larsen Foundation; State of Minnesota (ENRTF); New Jersey PSEG; Special Projects Foundation of the Big Game Club; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Natural Resources Management Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX Financial and logistical support for this research effort were provided by Audubon Massachusetts, Canon USA, Douglas Dayton, Wallace Dayton, Dellwood Foundation, Environment Canada, International Foods and Fragrances, Larsen Foundation, State of Minnesota (ENRTF), New Jersey PSE&G, Special Projects Foundation of the Big Game Club, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Natural Resources Management Program, the U.S. Geological Survey and several private sponsors. We greatly appreciate the assistance provided by K. Clark, B. Dorr, B. Lane, S. Lee, C. Loftis, P. Nye, T. Olexa, M. Scheibel, M. Solensky, A. Wiegand, and the 1st Fighter Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. Capture, handling, and telemetry equipment attachment procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Use and Care Committees at the University of Minnesota, the U.S.D.A. Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (QA-1361), and UNC-Charlotte. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The comments of T. Katzner and two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this report and were appreciated. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 309 EP 324 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AW6XE UT WOS:000346408100002 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Martell, MS Bierregaard, RO Henny, CJ Dorr, BS Olexa, TJ AF Washburn, Brian E. Martell, Mark S. Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr. Henny, Charles J. Dorr, Brian S. Olexa, Thomas J. TI WINTERING ECOLOGY OF ADULT NORTH AMERICAN OSPREYS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; habitat use; home range; migration; wintering ecology ID SATELLITE TELEMETRY; HOME-RANGE; AUTUMN MIGRATION; AQUILA-POMARINA; ACCURACY; TRACKING; ROUTES; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; PREY AB North American Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) typically migrate long distances to their wintering grounds in the tropics. Beyond the general distribution of their wintering range (i.e., the Caribbean, South America, and Central America), very little is known about the wintering ecology of these birds. We used satellite telemetry to determine the duration of wintering period, to examine the characteristics of wintering areas used by Ospreys, and to quantify space use and activity patterns of wintering Ospreys. Adult Ospreys migrated to wintering sites and exhibited high wintering site fidelity among years. Overall, Ospreys wintered on river systems (50.6%) more than on lakes (19.0%), and use of coastal areas was (30.4%) intermediate. Ospreys remained on their wintering grounds for an average of 154 d for males and 167 d for females. Locations of wintering Ospreys obtained via GPS-capable satellite telemetry suggest these birds move infrequently and their movements are very localized (i.e. <5 km from selected roosting areas). Sizes of home ranges and core-use areas for wintering Ospreys averaged 12.7 km(2) and 1.4 km(2), respectively. Overall, our findings suggest wintering adult North American Ospreys are very sedentary, demonstrating a pattern of limited daily movements and high fidelity to a few select locations (presumably roosts). We suggest this wintering strategy might be effective for reducing the risk of mortality and maximizing energy conservation. C1 [Washburn, Brian E.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Martell, Mark S.] Audubon Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55125 USA. [Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dorr, Brian S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Olexa, Thomas J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Langley Afb, VA 23665 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU Audubon Massachusetts; Canon U.S.A.; Douglas Dayton; Wallace Dayton; Dellwood Foundation; Special Projects Foundation of the Big Game Club; New Jersey PSEG; Minnesota Legislature (LCMR); International Foods and Fragrances; Larsen Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Natural Resources Management Program; U.S. government FX Financial and logistical support for this research effort was provided by Audubon Massachusetts, Canon U.S.A., Douglas Dayton, Wallace Dayton, Dellwood Foundation, Special Projects Foundation of the Big Game Club, New Jersey PSE&G, Minnesota Legislature (LCMR), International Foods and Fragrances, the Larsen Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Defense Legacy Natural Resources Management Program, and several private sponsors. We greatly appreciate the assistance provided by M. Solensky, P. Nye, K. Clark, M. Scheibel, B. Lane, A. Wiegand, C. Loftis, and the 1st Fighter Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. A. Poole, K. Steenhof, and M. Kochert provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Capture, handling, and telemetry equipment attachment procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Use and Care Committees at the University of Minnesota and the U.S.D.A. Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (QA-1361). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 33 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AW6XE UT WOS:000346408100003 ER PT J AU Carrapa, B Mustapha, FS Cosca, M Gehrels, G Schoenbohm, LM Sobel, ER DeCelles, PG Russell, J Goodman, P AF Carrapa, Barbara Mustapha, Fariq Shazanee Cosca, Michael Gehrels, George Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. Sobel, Edward R. DeCelles, Peter G. Russell, Joellen Goodman, Paul TI Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ZIRCON U-PB; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; HF ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS; HIMALAYAN-TIBETAN OROGEN; SHAN EXTENSIONAL SYSTEM; MIGMATITIC GNEISS DOME; KARAKORAM FAULT; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SOUTHERN TIBET; NORTHERN TIBET AB The Pamir is the western continuation of Tibet and the site of some of the highest mountains on Earth, yet comparatively little is known about its crustal and tectonic evolution and erosional history. Both Tibet and the Pamir are characterized by similar terranes and sutures that can be correlated along strike, although the details of such correlations remain controversial. The erosional history of the Pamir with respect to Tibet is significantly different as well: Most of Tibet has been characterized by internal drainage and low erosion rates since the early Cenozoic; in contrast, the Pamir is externally drained and topographically more rugged, and it has a strongly asymmetric drainage pattern. Here, we report 700 new U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope determinations and >300 Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from detrital minerals derived from rivers in China draining the northeastern Pamir and >1000 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from 12 rivers in Tajikistan and China draining the northeastern, central, and southern Pamir. U-Pb ages from rivers draining the northeastern Pamir are Mesozoic to Proterozoic and show affinity with the Songpan-Ganzi terrane of northern Tibet, whereas rivers draining the central and southern Pamir are mainly Mesozoic and show some affinity with the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. The epsilon(Hf) values are juvenile, between 15 and -5, for the northeastern Pamir and juvenile to moderately evolved, between 10 and -40, for the central and southern Pamir. Detrital mica Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for the northeastern Pamir (eastern drainages) are generally older than ages from the central and southern Pamir (western drainages), indicating younger or lower-magnitude exhumation of the northeastern Pamir compared to the central and southern Pamir. AFT data show strong Miocene-Pliocene signals at the orogen scale, indicating rapid erosion at the regional scale. Despite localized exhumation of the Mustagh-Ata and Kongur-Shan domes, average erosion rates for the northeastern Pamir are up to one order of magnitude lower than erosion rates recorded by the central and southern Pamir. Deeper exhumation of the central and southern Pamir is associated with tectonic exhumation of central Pamir domes. Deeper exhumation coincides with western and asymmetric drainages and with higher precipitation today, suggesting an orographic effect on exhumation. A younging-southward trend of cooling ages may reflect tectonic processes. Overall, cooling ages derived from the Pamir are younger than ages recorded in Tibet, indicating younger and higher magnitudes of erosion in the Pamir. C1 [Carrapa, Barbara; Mustapha, Fariq Shazanee; Gehrels, George; DeCelles, Peter G.; Russell, Joellen; Goodman, Paul] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cosca, Michael] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schoenbohm, Lindsay M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Sobel, Edward R.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RP Carrapa, B (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bcarrapa@email.arizona.edu OI Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056; Schoenbohm, Lindsay/0000-0001-7898-356X FU German Research Council [STR 373/201]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1032156]; National Geographic; University of Wyoming; University of Arizona FX We would like to acknowledge the support of National Geographic, the University of Wyoming, and the University of Arizona for funds to B. Carrapa. E.R. Sobel and L.M. Schoenbohm thank the German Research Council (grant STR 373/201) for funding. We thank Jay Chapman, Peter Molnar, Steve Roecker, Rebecca Bendick, and Claire Lukens for help in the field and for scientific discussions, and Chen Jie for help with Chinese river samples. U-Pb and Hf analyses were conducted at the Arizona LaserChron Center, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1032156. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 EI 1947-4253 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 6 BP 443 EP 455 DI 10.1130/L360.1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA AW9WG UT WOS:000346605400004 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL MacKenzie, DI Nichols, JD AF Bailey, Larissa L. MacKenzie, Darryl I. Nichols, James D. TI Advances and applications of occupancymodels SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE amphibian disease; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; detection probability; dynamic multistate occurrence models; false positive; misidentification; multiscale; study design ID SPECIES OCCURRENCE DYNAMICS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; IMPERFECT DETECTION; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CLOSURE ASSUMPTION; MULTIPLE STATES; POINT COUNTS; MODELS AB The past decade has seen an explosion in the development and application of models aimed at estimating species occurrence and occupancy dynamics while accounting for possible non-detection or species misidentification. We discuss some recent occupancy estimation methods and the biological systems that motivated their development. Collectively, these models offer tremendous flexibility, but simultaneously place added demands on the investigator. Unlike many mark-recapture scenarios, investigators utilizing occupancy models have the ability, and responsibility, to define their sample units (i.e. sites), replicate sampling occasions, time period over which species occurrence is assumed to be static and even the criteria that constitute detection' of a target species. Subsequent biological inference and interpretation of model parameters depend on these definitions and the ability to meet model assumptions. We demonstrate the relevance of these definitions by highlighting applications from a single biological system (an amphibian-pathogen system) and discuss situations where the use of occupancy models has been criticized. Finally, we use these applications to suggest future research and model development. C1 [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [MacKenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM llbailey@colostate.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 83 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 14 U2 151 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 SI SI BP 1269 EP 1279 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12100 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW4ZG UT WOS:000346285400002 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Hill, JM Fritz, L Chumbley, K Luxa, K Diefenbach, DR AF McClintock, Brett T. Hill, Jason M. Fritz, Lowell Chumbley, Kathryn Luxa, Katie Diefenbach, Duane R. TI Mark-resight abundance estimation under incomplete identification of marked individuals SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE capture-resight; latent variables; mark-recapture; mark-resighting; missing data; population size ID POPULATION-SIZE; SIGHTING DATA; MODEL; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUMBER; INDEX; MOOSE AB Often less expensive and less invasive than conventional mark-recapture, so-called 'mark-resight' methods are popular in the estimation of population abundance. These methods are most often applied when a subset of the population of interest is marked (naturally or artificially), and non-invasive sighting data can be simultaneously collected for both marked and unmarked individuals. However, it can often be difficult to identify marked individuals with certainty during resighting surveys, and incomplete identification of marked individuals is potentially a major source of bias in mark-resight abundance estimators. Previously proposed solutions are ad hoc and will tend to underperform unless marked individual identification rates are relatively high (>90%) or individual sighting heterogeneity is negligible. Based on a complete data likelihood, we present an approach that properly accounts for uncertainty in marked individual detection histories when incomplete identifications occur. The models allow for individual heterogeneity in detection, sampling with (e.g. Poisson) or without (e.g. Bernoulli) replacement, and an unknown number of marked individuals. Using a custom Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to facilitate Bayesian inference, we demonstrate these models using two example data sets and investigate their properties via simulation experiments. We estimate abundance for grassland sparrow populations in Pennsylvania, USA when sampling was conducted with replacement and the number of marked individuals was either known or unknown. To increase marked individual identification probabilities, extensive territory mapping was used to assign incomplete identifications to individuals based on location. Despite marked individual identification probabilities as low as 67% in the absence of this territorial mapping procedure, we generally found little return (or need) for this time-consuming investment when using our proposed approach. We also estimate rookery abundance from Alaskan Steller sea lion counts when sampling was conducted without replacement, the number of marked individuals was unknown, and individual heterogeneity was suspected as non-negligible. In terms of estimator performance, our simulation experiments and examples demonstrated advantages of our proposed approach over previous methods, particularly when marked individual identification probabilities are low and individual heterogeneity levels are high. Our methodology can also reduce field effort requirements for marked individual identification, thus, allowing potential investment into additional marking events or resighting surveys. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Fritz, Lowell; Chumbley, Kathryn; Luxa, Katie] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hill, Jason M.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Brett.McClintock@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 SI SI BP 1294 EP 1304 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12140 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW4ZG UT WOS:000346285400004 ER PT J AU Schaub, M Royle, JA AF Schaub, Michael Royle, J. Andrew TI Estimating true instead of apparent survival using spatial Cormack-Jolly-Seber models SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cormack-Jolly-Seber model; dispersal; Lanius collurio; movement; sampling bias; spatial capture-recapture ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; DIFFUSION-MODEL; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENT; RATES; PROBABILITY; PHILOPATRY; FRAMEWORK; DESIGN AB Survival is often estimated from capture-recapture data using Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) models, where mortality and emigration cannot be distinguished, and the estimated apparent survival probability is the product of the probabilities of true survival and of study area fidelity. Consequently, apparent survival is lower than true survival unless study area fidelity equals one. Underestimation of true survival from capture-recapture data is a main limitation of the method. We develop a spatial version of the CJS model that allows estimation of true survival. Besides the information about whether a specific individual was encountered at a given occasion, it is often recorded where the encounter occurred. Thus, information is available about the fraction of dispersal that occurs within the study area, and we use it to model dispersal and estimate true survival. Our model is formulated hierarchically and consists of survival, dispersal and observation submodels, assuming that encounters are possible anywhere within a study area. In a simulation study, our new spatial CJS model produced accurate estimates of true survival and dispersal behaviour for various sizes and shapes of the study area, even if emigration is substantial. However, when the information about dispersal is scarce due to low survival, low recapture probabilities and high emigration, the estimators are positively biased. Moreover, survival estimates are sensitive to the assumed dispersal kernel. We applied the spatial CJS model to a data set of adult red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio). Apparent survival of males (c.05) estimated with the CJS model was larger than in females (c.04), but the application of the spatial CJS model revealed that both sexes had similar survival probabilities (c.06). The mean breeding dispersal distance in females was c.700m, while males dispersed only c.250m between years. Spatial CJS models enable study of dispersal and survival independent of study design constraints such as imperfect detection and size of the study area provided that some of the dispersing individuals remain in the study area. We discuss possible extensions of our model: alternative dispersal models and the inclusion of covariates and of a habitat suitability map. C1 [Schaub, Michael] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Schaub, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM michael.schaub@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 11 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 SI SI BP 1316 EP 1326 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12134 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW4ZG UT WOS:000346285400006 ER PT J AU Chandler, RB Clark, JD AF Chandler, Richard B. Clark, Joseph D. TI Spatially explicit integrated population models SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE count data; detection data; integrated population models; Louisiana black bear; population dynamics; spatial capture-recapture; spatial scaling ID DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; INFERENCE; SURVIVAL; CLIMATE; COUNTS AB Studies of demographic processes are typically restricted to small geographic areas and short time periods due to the costs of marking and monitoring individuals. However, environmental changes are occurring at much broader spatial and temporal scales, and thus, inferences about the mechanisms governing population dynamics need to be scaled accordingly. Recently developed integrated population models (IPMs) represent an approach for doing so, by jointly analysing survey data and capture-recapture data. Although promising, several shortcomings of conventional IPMs exist, including difficulties accounting for spatial variation in demographic, movement and detection parameters; limited ability to make spatially explicit predictions of abundance or vital rates; and a requirement that the survey data and the capture-recapture data are independent. We demonstrate how each of these limitations can be resolved by adopting a spatial population dynamics model upon which both the survey data and the capture-recapture data are conditioned. We applied the model to 6 years of hair data collected on the threatened Louisiana black bear Ursus americanus luteolus. For years in which the hair samples were genotyped, the resulting data are information-rich (but expensive) spatial capture-recapture (SCR) data. For the remaining years, the data are binary detection data, of the type often analysed using occupancy models. We compared estimates of demographic parameters and annual abundance using various combinations of the SCR and detection data, and found that combining the SCR data and the detection data resulted in more precise estimates of abundance relative to estimates that did not use the detection data. A simulation study provided additional evidence of increased precision, as well as evidence that the estimators of annual abundance are approximately unbiased. The ability to combine survey data and capture-recapture data using a spatially explicit model opens many possibilities for designing cost effective studies and scaling up inferences about the demographic processes influencing spatial and temporal population dynamics. C1 [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] USGS Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rchandler@warnell.uga.edu RI Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Roy O. Martin Company FX We thank the editor, associate editor, J. A. Royle, R. M. Dorazio, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that led to the improvement of the paper. We also wish to acknowledge C. Lowe and K. O'Connell for graciously allowing the use of data that they and many technicians collected in the field. Funding for this study was provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Roy O. Martin Company. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 SI SI BP 1351 EP 1360 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12153 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW4ZG UT WOS:000346285400009 ER PT J AU Reichard, JD Fuller, NW Bennett, AB Darling, SR Moore, MS Langwig, KE Preston, ED von Oettingen, S Richardson, CS Reynolds, DS AF Reichard, Jonathan D. Fuller, Nathan W. Bennett, Alyssa B. Darling, Scott R. Moore, Marianne S. Langwig, Kate E. Preston, Emily D. von Oettingen, Susi Richardson, Christopher S. Reynolds, D. Scott TI Interannual Survival of Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) near the Epicenter of White-Nose Syndrome SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; BAT HIBERNACULA; PERSISTENCE; DISEASE AB Reduced populations of Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Myotis) devastated by white-nose syndrome (WNS) persist in eastern North America. Between 2009 and 2013, we recaptured 113 marked individuals that survived between 1 and 6 winters in New England since the arrival of WNS. We also observed signs of reproductive success in 57 recaptured bats. C1 [Reichard, Jonathan D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Fuller, Nathan W.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bennett, Alyssa B.; Darling, Scott R.] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. [Moore, Marianne S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Langwig, Kate E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Preston, Emily D.] New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [von Oettingen, Susi] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Richardson, Christopher S.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Reynolds, D. Scott] St Pauls Sch, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Reichard, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM jonathan_reichard@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation; Bat Conservation International; Biodiversity Research Institute; National Speleological Society; National Institute of General Medical Science of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD [K12GM102778] FX We thank numerous landowners for access to roosts and their continued stewardship of bat colonies. We appreciate contributions and early comments on this note from R. von Linden, C. Dobony, and J. Coleman. Assistance in the field and with data collection was provided by T. Murtha, L. Le, A. Greco, A. Banks, S. Fellows, A. Irwin, M. Nabhan, S. Miller-Fellows, A. Luken, S. MacKay, A. Hunt, J. Collins, and C. Kocer. The authors and field assistants were supported by funding from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (E. D. Preston, J. D. Reichard, M. S. Moore), the National Science Foundation (K. E. Langwig, M. S. Moore), Bat Conservation International (K. E. Langwig, M. S. Moore, N.W. Fuller), Biodiversity Research Institute (M. S. Moore), and National Speleological Society (M. S. Moore, N.W. Fuller). M. S. Moore is currently supported by the National Institute of General Medical Science of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, under award number K12GM102778. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 39 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 4 BP N56 EP N59 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW8UZ UT WOS:000346538100003 PM 26229422 ER PT J AU Munoz, D Martin, TE AF Munoz, Daniel Martin, Thomas E. TI BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE SPOTTED BARBTAIL (PREMNOPLEX BRUNNESCENS) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding biology; furnariid; growth rate; incubation attentiveness; Venezuela ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MONTANE FOREST; NEST; FURNARIIDAE; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; EGG; PASSERINES AB The Spotted Barbtail (Furnariidae) is poorly studied but shows some extreme traits for a tropical passerine. We located and monitored 155 nests to study this species for 7 years in an Andean cloud forest in Venezuela. Spotted Barbtails have an unusually long incubation period of 27.2 +/- 0.16 days, as a result of very long (3-6 hr) off-bouts even though both adults incubate. The long off-bouts yield low incubation temperatures for embryos and are associated with proportionally large eggs (21% of adult mass). They also have a long nestling period of 21.67 +/- 0.33 days, and a typical tropical brood size of two. The slow growth rate of the typical broods of two is even slower in broods artificially reduced to one young. Nonetheless, the young stay in the nest long enough to achieve wing lengths that approach adult size. C1 [Munoz, Daniel] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Munoz, D (reprint author), 169 Jr Ricardo Aicardi, Lima 33, Peru. EM danmunoz@gmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041] FX We thank the 2007 and 2011 lab members, J. I. Areta, and H. Greeney for their comments on the manuscript as well as field crew members who aided data collection. This study was made possible in part by support under NSF grants DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764, and DEB-1241041 to T. E. Martin. Permit numbers are DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. This work was conducted under University of Montana IACUC #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 4 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1676/14-011.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AW7DS UT WOS:000346425400009 ER PT J AU Hess, SC Banko, PC Miller, LJ Laniawe, LP AF Hess, Steven C. Banko, Paul C. Miller, Linda J. Laniawe, Leona P. TI HABITAT AND FOOD PREFERENCES OF THE ENDANGERED PALILA (LOXIOIDES BAILLEUI) ON MAUNA KEA, HAWAI'I SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food resources; habitat selection; Loxioides bailleui mamane; Myoporum sandwicense; naio; Palila; Sophora chrysophylla; subalpine woodland ID FOREST; MAMANE; ABUNDANCE; DROUGHT; ECOLOGY; BIRD AB Seeds and flowers of the leguminous mamane (Sophora chrysophylla) tree are the primary food resource of the federally endangered Palila (Loxioides bailleui; Fringillidae: Drepanidinae), which is now restricted to dry subalpine woodland on Mauna Kea Volcano on the island of Hawai'i because of centuries of habitat degradation by non-native ungulates. Palila are morphologically and behaviorally adapted to consume mamane seeds by grasping seed pods with their feet and opening pods with stout bills and demonstrate limited ability to exploit alternative food resources. This degree of single species dependency is rare among birds and illustrates unique adaptations that also occurred in other Hawaiian species that are now extinct. In mixed-woodland with co-dominant naio (Myoporum sandwicense), Palila spent 1.7-3.9 times longer in mamane than in naio during foraging observations where naio was 1.3-4.6 times as dense as mamane. Naio fruit was readily available, but it comprised proportionally <11% of food items taken by Palila. Although mamane flowers were more abundant than mamane pods throughout this study except at one lower-elevation mixed-woodland site, Palila spent more time foraging on pods than flowers in both mamane woodland and mixed-woodland, but consumed more flowers than pods in mixed-woodland. Insects, which have been reported as an important component of the diet of Palila, were apparently taken rarely in this study. Protecting and restoring mamane in woodlands adjacent to the current range of Palila will benefit their recovery, allowing them to exploit increased food availability in areas of their former range. C1 [Hess, Steven C.; Banko, Paul C.; Laniawe, Leona P.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Miller, Linda J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Zool, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM shess@usgs.gov FU Federal Highway Administration; Wildlife: Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i FX This project was supported by the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i, and the Wildlife: Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank many volunteers and staff: R. Allen, S. Barker, D. Bogardus, C. Crooker, S. Dougill, K. Ellison, J. Goetz, C. Harada, S. Howlin, A. Hurlbert, L. Johnson, F. Keith, T. Kruger, S. Legare, T. Male, J. Meyer, L. Niebaur, P. Oboyski, T. Overbey, D. Payne, M. Reynolds, R. Rounds, B. Smith, C. Smith, S. Sepulveda, T. Snetsinger, M. Stapleton, H. Townsend, and M. Wiley. We thank the State of Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife for allowing access to Mauna Kea Forest Reserve. K. Berlin, S. Dougill, L. Johnson, and T. Pratt reviewed early drafts of this manuscript. S. Conant, D. Leonard, and R. Peck provided many suggestions for improvement. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 4 BP 728 EP 738 DI 10.1676/13-220.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AW7DS UT WOS:000346425400010 ER PT J AU Dahlgren, RP Johnston, MJS Vanderbilt, VC Nakaba, RN AF Dahlgren, Robert P. Johnston, Malcolm J. S. Vanderbilt, Vern C. Nakaba, Rebecca N. TI Comparison of the Stress-Stimulated Current of Dry and Fluid-Saturated Gabbro Samples SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; CREEPING SEGMENT; IGNEOUS ROCKS; GENERATION; ELECTRODES; SLIP AB We investigate charge generation as a function of stress in fine-grained gabbro for both nominally dry samples and samples fully saturated with electrically conductive brine fluids similar to those observed in active earthquake fault zones. These experiments address a number of proposed and reported electrical precursory and coseismic phenomena associated with earthquakes. Compressive load was applied to one end of the sample in repetitive cycles using a pair of precision steel platens driven by a large hydraulic press. The samples were tested by cycling between constant low stress and constant high stress values with a 200-s periodicity. Net charge transport between the stressed and unstressed sample ends was monitored with a picoammeter. For the nominally dry samples, stress-stimulated current (SSC) transients on the order of 50-400 pA peak-to-peak were observed with a decay time constant similar to 10 s during stress loading and unloading. Under constant compressive loads of similar to 22 MPa, small negative polarity SSC of similar to 15 pA magnitude was observed as an offset from the baseline current at low load (5 MPa) conditions. For the fluid-saturated samples, neither transients nor SSCs were observed as a function of stress when the load was cycled, an observation that is consistent with more rapid internal self-discharge due to higher electrical conductivity of the sample. Because the Earth's crust is fluid saturated, observation of significant electrical charge buildup is not expected during the observed slow stress accumulation prior to earthquakes or during any slow precursory stress release that may occur in the region of earthquake nucleation. However, observation of coseismic charge generation due to electrokinetic, triboelectric, and other processes may occur during earthquake stress drops, surface rupture, and seismic-wave arrivals from dynamic rupture. C1 [Dahlgren, Robert P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, CSUMB, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Johnston, Malcolm J. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vanderbilt, Vern C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nakaba, Rebecca N.] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. RP Dahlgren, RP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, CSUMB, Mail Stop 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA [NNX08AG81G]; Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute and Bennington College; San Jose State University and the SETI Institute FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of F. Freund who developed (beginning in 2002) the ST1 setup and then demonstrated it to our team at the beginning of this research, assisted in the development of the improved ST2 setup (Dahlgren, Johnston, Freund, Nakaba, and Vanderbilt, 2012), and participated in the collection of all data reported here (Dahlgren, Johnston, Freund, Nakaba, Jahoda, et al., 2012; Dahlgren, Vanderbilt, et al., 2012). The authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates program, the NASA Engineering Evaluation Laboratory (Lynn Hofland and Jerry Wang), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Rock Mechanics Laboratory (David Lockner). The authors thank the two anonymous BSSA reviewers, peer reviewers at NASA Ames Research Center (Christine Scofield and Vincent Ambrosia), and the USGS (Dave Lockner and Nick Beeler) for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior program through a grant with F. Freund as the principal investigator (NNX08AG81G). Rebecca N. Nakaba received support from the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute and Bennington College and Robert P. Dahlgren received support from San Jose State University and the SETI Institute. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 2662 EP 2672 DI 10.1785/0120140144 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800003 ER PT J AU Fortuno, C de la Llera, JC Wicks, CW Abell, JA AF Fortuno, Catalina de la Llera, Juan Carlos Wicks, Charles W. Abell, Jose A. TI Synthetic Hybrid Broadband Seismograms Based on InSAR Coseismic Displacements SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2010 MAULE EARTHQUAKE; 1999 HECTOR MINE; GROUND-MOTION; LONG-PERIOD; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SEISMIC GAP; CHILE; SLIP; GPS AB Conventional acceleration records do not properly account for the observed coseismic ground displacements, thus leading to an inaccurate definition of the seismic demand needed for the design of flexible (long period) structures. Large coseismic displacements observed during the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake suggest that this effect should be included in the design of flexible structures by modifying the design ground motions and spectra considered. Consequently, Green's functions are used herein to compute synthetic low-frequency seismograms that are consistent with the coseismic displacement field obtained from interferometry using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this case, the coseismic displacement field was determined by interfering twenty SAR images of the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS)/PALSAR satellite taken between 12 October 2007 and 28 May 2010. These images cover the region affected by the 2010 M-w 8.8 Maule earthquake. Synthetic broadband seismograms are built by superimposing the low-pass filtered synthetic low-frequency seismograms with high-frequency strong-motion data. The broadband seismograms generated are then consistent with the coseismic displacement field and the high-frequency content of the earthquake. A sensitivity analysis is performed using three different fault and slip parameters, the rupture velocity, the corner frequency, and the slip rise time. Results show that the optimal corner frequency of the low-pass filter f(c) = 1/T-c, leads to a trade-off between acceleration and displacement accuracy. Furthermore, spectral response for long periods, say T >= 8 s, is relatively insensitive to the value of T-c, whereas shorter periods are strongly dependent on both the slip rise time and T-c. In general, larger displacements consistent with coseismic data are obtained using this technique instead of digitally processing the acceleration ground-motion records. C1 [Fortuno, Catalina; de la Llera, Juan Carlos] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Estruct & Geotecn, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Wicks, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Abell, Jose A.] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Aplicadas, Santiago 7550000, Chile. RP Fortuno, C (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Estruct & Geotecn, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. EM cpfortun@puc.cl; jcllera@ing.puc.cl; cwicks@usgs.gov; jaabell@miuandes.cl FU ONICYT/Fondecyt [1141187]; National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (CIGIDEN); CONICYT/FONDAP [15110017]; NASA; National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research has been sponsored by Grants CONICYT/Fondecyt #1141187, National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (CIGIDEN), CONICYT/FONDAP #15110017. All Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS)/PALSAR data are copyright JAXA and the JapaneseMinistry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (2007, 2008, 2010) and were provided by the Alaska Satellite Facility. The data were made available through JAXA project PI059 and the U.S. Government Sponsored Research Consortium data pool supported by NASA, the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors are also especially grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, Lupei Zhu for providing the fk3.0 routines for computing the low-frequency synthetic records, and Gavin Hayes who supplied the data of the moment rate function obtained by the USGS for the 2010 Maule earthquake and gave useful suggestions to the manuscript. Helpful reviews of an early version of the article by Fred Pollitz and Zhong Lu improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 2735 EP 2754 DI 10.1785/0120130293 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800008 ER PT J AU Baltay, AS Hanks, TC AF Baltay, A. S. Hanks, T. C. TI Understanding the Magnitude Dependence of PGA and PGV in NGA-West 2 Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; HORIZONTAL COMPONENTS; SITE AMPLIFICATION; TECTONIC STRESS; NORTH-AMERICA; MODEL; SIMULATION; PREDICTION AB The Next Generation Attenuation-West 2 (NGA-West 2) 2014 ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) model ground motions as a function of magnitude and distance, using empirically derived coefficients (e.g., Bozorgnia et al., 2014); as such, these GMPEs do not clearly employ earthquake source parameters beyond moment magnitude (M) and focal mechanism. To better understand the magnitude-dependent trends in the GMPEs, we build a comprehensive earthquake source-based model to explain the magnitude dependence of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity in the NGA-West 2 ground-motion databases and GMPEs. Our model employs existing models (Hanks and McGuire, 1981; Boore, 1983, 1986; Anderson and Hough, 1984) that incorporate a point-source Brune model, including a constant stress drop and the high-frequency attenuation parameter. 0, random vibration theory, and a finite-fault assumption at the large magnitudes to describe the data from magnitudes 3 to 8. We partition this range into four different magnitude regions, each of which has different functional dependences on M. Use of the four magnitude partitions separately allows greater understanding of what happens in any one subrange, as well as the limiting conditions between the subranges. This model provides a remarkably good fit to the NGA data for magnitudes from 3 < M < 8 at close rupture distances (R-rup <= 20 km). We explore the trade-offs between kappa(0) and Delta sigma in ground-motion models and data, which play an important role in understanding small-magnitude data, for which the corner frequency is masked by the attenuation of high frequencies. That this simple, source-based model matches the NGA-West 2 GMPEs and data so well suggests that considerable simplicity underlies the parametrically complex NGA GMPEs. C1 [Baltay, A. S.; Hanks, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Baltay, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abaltay@usgs.gov FU Mendenhall Fellowship at the U.S. Geological Survey; Pacific Gas and Electric FX The authors are appreciative of helpful discussion with David Boore, Norm Abrahamson, Ken Campbell, and Nick Gregor (especially for providing his code to plot the 2014 ground-motion prediction equations), as well as all of the Next Generation Attenuation-West 2 developers and collaborators. The authors especially thank David Boore, Norm Abrahamson, Peter Stafford, Gisela Viegas Fernandes, and an anonymous reviewer, whose thorough comments greatly improved the manuscript. A.B. is supported in part by a Mendenhall Fellowship at the U.S. Geological Survey and in part by Pacific Gas and Electric. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 2851 EP 2865 DI 10.1785/0120130283 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800016 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH Boyd, OS AF Cramer, Chris H. Boyd, Oliver S. TI Why the New Madrid Earthquakes are M 7-8 and the Charleston Earthquake is similar to M 7 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; INSTRUMENTAL GROUND MOTION; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FELT INTENSITY; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; LG ATTENUATION; SEISMIC ZONE AB Estimates of magnitudes of large historical earthquakes are an essential input to and can seriously affect seismic-hazard estimates. The earthquake-intensity observations, modified Mercalli intensities (MMI), and assigned magnitudes M of the 1811-1812 New Madrid events have been reinterpreted several times in the last decade and have been a source of controversy in making seismic-hazard estimates in the central United States. Observations support the concept that the larger the earthquake, the greater the maximum-felt distance. For the same crustal attenuation and local soil conditions, magnitude should be the main influence on intensity values at large distances. We apply this concept by comparing the mean MMI at distances of 600-1200 km for each of the four largest New Madrid 1811-1812 earthquakes, the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake, the 1929 M 7.2 Grand Banks earthquake, and the 2001 M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake. We fit the intensity observations using the form MMI = A + C x dist -0.8 x log (dist) to better define intensity attenuation in eastern North America (ENA). The intensity attenuation in cratonic India differs from ENA and is corrected to ENA using both the above estimate and published intensity relations. We evaluate source, marine geophysical, Q, and stress-drop information, as well as a 1929 Milne-Shaw record at Chicago to confirm that the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake occurred in ENA crust. Our direct comparison of mean intensities beyond 600 km suggests M 7.5, 7.3, 7.7, and 6.9 for the three New Madrid 1811-1812 mainshocks and the largest aftershock and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake, with an estimated uncertainty of 0.3 units at the 95% confidence level (based on a Monte Carlo analysis). Our mean New Madrid and Charleston mainshock magnitudes are similar to those of Bakun and Hopper (2004) and are much higher than those of Hough and Page (2011) for New Madrid. C1 [Cramer, Chris H.] Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Boyd, Oliver S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, 3890 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM ccramer@memphis.edu; olboyd@usgs.gov OI Boyd, Oliver/0000-0001-9457-0407 FU Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at the University of Memphis FX The authors are grateful for discussions with Kent Moran, Harm Van Avendonk, John Adams, Chuck Langston, Allison Bent, and Fred Followill that contributed to concepts and data sources in this article. The authors thank Russ Wheeler, Dan McNamara, Martin Chapman, Rob Williams, and particularly Jim Dewey for reviews and the helpful suggestions and comments they provided, which greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at the University of Memphis. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 2884 EP 2903 DI 10.1785/0120120257 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800018 ER PT J AU Prentice, CS Larsen, MC Kelsey, HM Zachariasen, J AF Prentice, Carol S. Larsen, Martin C. Kelsey, Harvey M. Zachariasen, Judith TI Late Holocene Slip Rate and Ages of Prehistoric Earthquakes along the Maacama Fault Near Willits, Mendocino County, Northern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLATE BOUNDARY; CALIBRATION; ZONE AB TheMaacama fault is the northward continuation of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault system and creeps at a rate of 5.7 +/- 0.1 mm/yr (averaged over the last 20 years) in Willits, California. Our paleoseismic studies at Haehl Creek suggest that the Maacama fault has produced infrequent large earthquakes in addition to creep. Fault terminations observed in several excavations provide evidence that a prehistoric surface-rupturing earthquake occurred between 1060 and 1180 calibrated years (cal) B.P. at the Haehl Creek site. A folding event, which we attribute to a more recent large earthquake, occurred between 790 and 1060 cal B.P. In the last 560-690 years, a buried channel deposit has been offset 4.6 +/- 0.2 m, giving an average slip rate of 6.4-8.6 mm/yr, which is higher than the creep rate over the last 20 years. The difference between this slip rate and the creep rate suggests that coseismic slip up to 1.7 m could have occurred after the formation of the channel deposit and could be due to a paleoearthquake known from paleoseismic studies in the Ukiah Valley, about 25 km to the southeast. Therefore, we infer that at least two, and possibly three, large earthquakes have occurred at the Haehl Creek site since 1180 cal B.P. (770 C.E.), consistent with earlier studies suggesting infrequent, large earthquakes on the Maacama fault. The short-term geodetic slip rate across the Maacama fault zone is approximately twice the slip rate that we have documented at the Haehl Creek site, which is averaged over the last approximately 600 years. If the geodetic rate represents the long-term slip accumulation across the fault zone, then we infer that, in the last similar to 1200 years, additional earthquakes may have occurred either on the Haehl Creek segment of the Maacama fault or on other active faults within the Maacama fault zone at this latitude. C1 [Prentice, Carol S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Larsen, Martin C.; Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Zachariasen, Judith] URS Corp, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Prentice, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cprentice@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 2966 EP 2984 DI 10.1785/0120140003 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800024 ER PT J AU Atkinson, GM Worden, CB Wald, DJ AF Atkinson, Gail M. Worden, C. Bruce Wald, David J. TI Intensity Prediction Equations for North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; EARTHQUAKE AB Equations that predict intensity as a function of magnitude and distance are useful tools for hazard and risk assessment, and in interpretation of both contemporary and historical earthquake information. The intensity prediction equations of Atkinson and Wald (2007; hereafter AW07) have been remarkably successful in describing the level and intensity of motions reported under the "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) program over the last several years. Examination of the performance of AW07 for North American earthquakes, evaluated using an extensive compiled database of DYFI observations from 2000 to 2013, suggests that there is little statistical basis for revising these equations. However, a problem with the AW07 equations is that they predict unrealistically large median intensities for large events (M > 6) at close distances. In this study, we revise AW07 to improve the intensity scaling at large magnitudes and close distances, by reconciling intensity equations with ground-motion prediction equations. C1 [Atkinson, Gail M.] Western Univ, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Worden, C. Bruce; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Western Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Jim Dewey and SanLinn Kaka for constructive review comments that resulted in significant improvements in the manuscript. The first author is supported financially by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 3084 EP 3093 DI 10.1785/0120140178 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800030 ER PT J AU Lienkaemper, JJ McFarland, FS Simpson, RW Caskey, SJ AF Lienkaemper, James J. McFarland, Forrest S. Simpson, Robert W. Caskey, S. John TI Using Surface Creep Rate to Infer Fraction Locked for Sections of the San Andreas Fault System in Northern California from Alignment Array and GPS Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; LOG-A OBSERVATIONS; HAYWARD FAULT; PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC-HAZARD; SLIP; DISPLACEMENT; DEFORMATION AB Surface creep rate, observed along five branches of the dextral San Andreas fault system in northern California, varies considerably from one section to the next, indicating that so too may the depth at which the faults are locked. We model locking on 29 fault sections using each section's mean long-term creep rate and the consensus values of fault width and geologic slip rate. Surface creep rate observations from 111 short- range alignment and trilateration arrays and 48 near- fault, Global Positioning System station pairs are used to estimate depth of creep, assuming an elastic half- space model and adjusting depth of creep iteratively by trial and error to match the creep observations along fault sections. Fault sections are delineated either by geometric discontinuities between them or by distinctly different creeping behaviors. We remove transient rate changes associated with five large (M = 5: 5) regional earthquakes. Estimates of fraction locked, the ratio of moment accumulation rate to loading rate, on each section of the fault system provide a uniform means to inform source parameters relevant to seismic- hazard assessment. From its mean creep rates, we infer the main branch (the San Andreas fault) ranges from only 20% +/- 10% locked on its central creeping section to 99%-100% on the north coast. From mean accumulation rates, we infer that four urban faults appear to have accumulated enough seismic moment to produce major earthquakes: the northern Calaveras (M 6.8), Hayward (M 6.8), Rodgers Creek (M 7.1), and Green Valley (M 7.1). The latter three faults are nearing or past their mean recurrence interval. C1 [Lienkaemper, James J.; Simpson, Robert W.] US Geol Survey 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McFarland, Forrest S.; Caskey, S. John] San Francisco State Univ, Geosci Dept, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Lienkaemper, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlienk@usgs.gov; forrestmcf@hotmail.com; simpson@usgs.gov; caskey@sfsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program funded [9939-0KR02 (USGS)]; San Francisco State University [SFSU] [G10AC00139] FX U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program funded this investigation: 9939-0KR02 (USGS) and G10AC00139 (San Francisco State University [SFSU]) Many thanks to dozens of SFSU student researchers, who since 1979 have conscientiously operated theodolites and precisely set targets, resulting in over three decades of accurate creep measurements. Special thanks to Theresa Hoyt, the longest serving Creeper, who annually verifies all calculations prior to formal archiving. We appreciate the assistance of many private landowners who allow us access to perform surveys. Reviews by Diane Moore, Ben Brooks, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 BP 3094 EP 3114 DI 10.1785/0120140117 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AW2RP UT WOS:000346136800031 ER PT J AU Platt, SG Platt, K Khaing, LL Yu, TT Soe, MM Nwe, SS Zawnaing, T Rainwater, TR AF Platt, Steven G. Platt, Kalyar Khaing, Lay Lay Yu, Thin Thin Soe, Me Me Nwe, San San Zawnaing, Thet Rainwater, Thomas R. TI Heosemys depressa in the Southern Chin Hills of Myanmar: A Significant Range Extension and Traditional Ecological Knowledge SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB The Arakan forest turtle (Heosemys depressa) is a critically endangered, poorly known chelonian endemic to western Myanmar. Previously known only from the Rakhine (= Arakan) Hills, we here report a significant northward range extension into the southern Chin Hills, verify the occurrence of H. depressa in Kyauk Pan Taung Wildlife Sanctuary, and present new information on elevational limits, natural history, and folk taxonomy of this enigmatic species. C1 [Platt, Steven G.; Zawnaing, Thet] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Myanmar Program, Yangon, Myanmar. [Platt, Kalyar; Soe, Me Me] Turtle Survival Alliance, Yangon, Myanmar. [Khaing, Lay Lay] Lawkanandar Wildlife Sanctuary, Forest Dept, Nat & Wildlife Conservat Div, Bagan, Myanmar. [Yu, Thin Thin] Shwe Settaw Wildlife Sanctuary, Forest Dept, Nat & Wildlife Conservat Div, Minbu, Myanmar. [Nwe, San San] Minzontaung Wildlife Sanctuary, Forest Dept, Nat & Wildlife Conservat Div, Natowgyi, Myanmar. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, 176 Croghan Spur Rd,Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM sgplatt@gmail.com; kalyarplatt@gmail.com; memesoetsa@gmail.com; thetzawnaing@gmail.com; trrainwater@gmail.com NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 252 EP 256 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AW2PY UT WOS:000346132000014 ER PT J AU Platt, K Platt, SG Rainwater, TR AF Platt, Kalyar Platt, Steven G. Rainwater, Thomas R. TI First Record of the Spiny Turtle (Heosemys spinosa) in Myanmar SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB We report the first specimen-based records of Heosemys spinosa (Gray 1830) from Myanmar, validating earlier assumptions of its occurrence within the country. Our records consist of 5 living H. spinosa examined at Kan Baw Gyi Village in Tanintharyi Region of southern Myanmar. These specimens originated from seasonally inundated lowland riparian wetlands near the village where we examined them. Potential threats to H. spinosa in southern Myanmar include subsistence and commercial harvesting and, most importantly, the widespread conversion of natural forests to oil palm plantations. C1 [Platt, Kalyar] Turtle Survival Alliance, Yangon, Myanmar. [Platt, Steven G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Myanmar Program, Yangon, Myanmar. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, 176 Croghan Spur Rd,Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM kalyarplatt@gmail.com; sgplatt@gmail.com; trrainwater@gmail.com FU Than Myint; Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar Program; Turtle Conservation Fund FX We thank the Myanmar Department of Fisheries for granting us permission to visit coastal regions of Tanintharyi Region, issuing research permits, and providing letters of introduction. Aung Naing Oo, Aung Myint, and fisheries officers Mi Mi Maw and Khin Myo Myo provided invaluable field assistance. Additional support was provided by Than Myint, the Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar Program, and the Turtle Conservation Fund. We also thank John Iverson, Peter Paul van Dijk, Madeline Thompson, and Lewis Medlock for providing literature, and Kyaw Zay Ya for preparing our map. Comments by Lewis Medlock and Peter Paul van Dijk improved an early draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 257 EP U165 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AW2PY UT WOS:000346132000015 ER PT J AU Collins, BM Das, AJ Battles, JJ Fry, DL Krasnow, KD Stephens, SL AF Collins, Brandon M. Das, Adrian J. Battles, John J. Fry, Danny L. Krasnow, Kevin D. Stephens, Scott L. TI Beyond reducing fire hazard: fuel treatment impacts on overstory tree survival SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE forest resilience; frequent-fire forests; large trees; mixed-conifer forest; restoration; Sierra Nevada ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; SURROGATE TREATMENTS; MORTALITY; PINE; PONDEROSA; SEVERITY AB Fuel treatment implementation in dry forest types throughout the western United States is likely to increase in pace and scale in response to increasing incidence of large wildfires. While it is clear that properly implemented fuel treatments are effective at reducing hazardous fire potential, there are ancillary ecological effects that can impact forest resilience either positively or negatively depending on the specific elements examined, as well as treatment type, timing, and intensity. In this study, we use overstory tree growth responses, measured seven years after the most common fuel treatments, to estimate forest health. Across the five species analyzed, observed mortality and future vulnerability were consistently low in the mechanical-only treatment. Fire-only was similar to the control for all species except Douglas-fir, while mechanical-plus-fire had high observed mortality and future vulnerability for white fir and sugar pine. Given that overstory trees largely dictate the function of forests and services they provide (e.g., wildlife habitat, carbon sequestration, soil stability) these results have implications for understanding longer-term impacts of common fuel treatments on forest resilience. C1 [Collins, Brandon M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Collins, Brandon M.; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Fire Res & Outreach, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Adrian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Battles, John J.; Fry, Danny L.; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krasnow, Kevin D.] Teton Sci Sch, Teton Res Inst, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Collins, BM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM bcollins@berkeley.edu RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012; OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893; Krasnow, Kevin /0000-0002-0887-2503 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1879 EP 1886 DI 10.1890/14-0971.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW0TC UT WOS:000346005400001 ER PT J AU Tempel, DJ Gutierrez, RJ Whitmore, SA Reetz, MJ Stoelting, RE Berigan, WJ Seamans, ME Peery, MZ AF Tempel, Douglas J. Gutierrez, R. J. Whitmore, Sheila A. Reetz, Matthew J. Stoelting, Ricka E. Berigan, William J. Seamans, Mark E. Peery, M. Zachariah TI Effects of forest management on California Spotted Owls: implications for reducing wildfire risk in fire-prone forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California Spotted Owl; fire severity; forest management; fuels reduction; high-canopy-cover forest; Sierra Nevada; California; USA; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; timber harvest; wildfire ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRATS; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATION-GROWTH; SITE OCCUPANCY; RECAPTURE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDSCAPE AB Management of many North American forests is challenged by the need to balance the potentially competing objectives of reducing risks posed by high-severity wildfires and protecting threatened species. In the Sierra Nevada, California, concern about high-severity fires has increased in recent decades but uncertainty exists over the effects of fuel-reduction treatments on species associated with older forests, such as the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). Here, we assessed the effects of forest conditions, fuel reductions, and wildfire on a declining population of Spotted Owls in the central Sierra Nevada using 20 years of demographic data collected at 74 Spotted Owl territories. Adult survival and territory colonization probabilities were relatively high, while territory extinction probability was relatively low, especially in territories that had relatively large amounts of high canopy cover (70%) forest. Reproduction was negatively associated with the area of medium-intensity timber harvests characteristic of proposed fuel treatments. Our results also suggested that the amount of edge between older forests and shrub/sapling vegetation and increased habitat heterogeneity may positively influence demographic rates of Spotted Owls. Finally, high-severity fire negatively influenced the probability of territory colonization. Despite correlations between owl demographic rates and several habitat variables, life stage simulation (sensitivity) analyses indicated that the amount of forest with high canopy cover was the primary driver of population growth and equilibrium occupancy at the scale of individual territories. Greater than 90% of medium-intensity harvests converted high-canopy-cover forests into lower-canopy-cover vegetation classes, suggesting that landscape-scale fuel treatments in such stands could have short-term negative impacts on populations of California Spotted Owls. Moreover, high-canopy-cover forests declined by an average of 7.4% across territories during our study, suggesting that habitat loss could have contributed to declines in abundance and territory occupancy. We recommend that managers consider the existing amount and spatial distribution of high-canopy forest before implementing fuel treatments within an owl territory, and that treatments be accompanied by a rigorous monitoring program. C1 [Tempel, Douglas J.; Whitmore, Sheila A.; Reetz, Matthew J.; Stoelting, Ricka E.; Berigan, William J.; Peery, M. Zachariah] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Seamans, Mark E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Tempel, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dtempel@wisc.edu FU USDA Forest Service Region; USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California Department of Water Resources; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; Sierra Nevada Conservancy; University of Wisconsin; University of Minnesota's Agriculture Experiment Station Project [MN-41-036] FX This paper is SNAMP Publication Number 26. The Sierra Nevada Adaptive Management Project is funded by USDA Forest Service Region 5, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Water Resources, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, and the Sierra Nevada Conservancy. We thank the University of Wisconsin for funding and administrative support and the University of California's Blodgett Forest Research Station for providing field accommodations. R. J. Gutierrez was supported by the University of Minnesota's Agriculture Experiment Station Project MN-41-036. We greatly appreciate the hard work of previous project leaders, assistant project leaders, and field technicians over the many years. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2089 EP 2106 DI 10.1890/13-2192.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW0TC UT WOS:000346005400016 ER PT J AU Blomberg, EJ Sedinger, JS Gibson, D Coates, PS Casazza, ML AF Blomberg, Erik J. Sedinger, James S. Gibson, Daniel Coates, Peter S. Casazza, Michael L. TI Carryover effects and climatic conditions influence the postfledging survival of greater sage-grouse SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Body condition; climate change; crossseasonal effects; life history; postfledging; recruitment ID BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; BLACK BRANT; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; BREEDING GROUNDS; BARNACLE GEESE; MIGRATORY BIRD; HABITAT; GROWTH AB Prebreeding survival is an important life history component that affects both parental fitness and population persistence. In birds, prebreeding can be separated into pre- and postfledging periods; carryover effects from the prefledging period may influence postfledging survival. We investigated effects of body condition at fledging, and climatic variation, on postfledging survival of radio-marked greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Great Basin Desert of the western United States. We hypothesized that body condition would influence postfledging survival as a carryover effect from the prefledging period, and we predicted that climatic variation may mediate this carryover effect or, alternatively, would act directly on survival during the postfledging period. Individual body condition had a strong positive effect on postfledging survival of juvenile females, suggesting carryover effects from the prefledging period. Females in the upper 25th percentile of body condition scores had a postfledging survival probability more than twice that (phi=0.51 +/- 0.06 SE) of females in the bottom 25th percentile (phi=0.21 +/- 0.05 SE). A similar effect could not be detected for males. We also found evidence for temperature and precipitation effects on monthly survival rates of both sexes. After controlling for site-level variation, postfledging survival was nearly twice as great following the coolest and wettest growing season (phi=0.77 +/- 0.05 SE) compared with the hottest and driest growing season (phi=0.39 +/- 0.05 SE). We found no relationships between individual body condition and temperature or precipitation, suggesting that carryover effects operated independently of background climatic variation. The temperature and precipitation effects we observed likely produced a direct effect on mortality risk during the postfledging period. Conservation actions that focus on improving prefledging habitat for sage-grouse may have indirect benefits to survival during postfledging, due to carryover effects between the two life phases. C1 [Blomberg, Erik J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Gibson, Daniel] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Coates, Peter S.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Blomberg, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall,Room 210, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ejblomberg@gmail.com OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU University of Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; Nevada Department of Wildlife; United States Bureau of Land Management; Science Support Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; NV Energy Corp. FX This research was funded by the University of Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, the United States Bureau of Land Management, the Science Support Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and NV Energy Corp. NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 23 BP 4488 EP 4499 DI 10.1002/ece3.1139 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AW1YK UT WOS:000346084500006 PM 25512845 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Hoerling, MP Funk, C Blade, I Dole, RM Allured, D Quan, XW Pegion, P Eischeid, JK AF Liebmann, Brant Hoerling, Martin P. Funk, Chris Blade, Ileana Dole, Randall M. Allured, Dave Quan, Xiaowei Pegion, Philip Eischeid, Jon K. TI Understanding Recent Eastern Horn of Africa Rainfall Variability and Change SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; RAINY SEASONS; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; ENSO AB Observations and sea surface temperature (SST)-forced ECHAM5 simulations are examined to study the seasonal cycle of eastern Africa rainfall and its SST sensitivity during 1979-2012, focusing on interannual variability and trends. The eastern Horn is drier than the rest of equatorial Africa, with two distinct wet seasons, and whereas the October-December wet season has become wetter, the March-May season has become drier. The climatological rainfall in simulations driven by observed SSTs captures this bimodal regime. The simulated trends also qualitatively reproduce the opposite-sign changes in the two rainy seasons, suggesting that SST forcing has played an important role in the observed changes. The consistency between the sign of 1979-2012 trends and interannual SST-precipitation correlations is exploited to identify the most likely locations of SST forcing of precipitation trends in the model, and conceivably also in nature. Results indicate that the observed March-May drying since 1979 is due to sensitivity to an increased zonal gradient in SST between Indonesia and the central Pacific. In contrast, the October-December precipitation increase is mostly due to western Indian Ocean warming. The recent upward trend in the October-December wet season is rather weak, however, and its statistical significance is compromised by strong year-to-year fluctuations. October-December eastern Horn rain variability is strongly associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean dipole phenomena on interannual scales, in both model and observations. The interannual October-December correlation between the ensemble-average and observed Horn rainfall 0.87. By comparison, interannual March-May Horn precipitation is only weakly constrained by SST anomalies. C1 [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave; Quan, Xiaowei; Pegion, Philip; Eischeid, Jon K.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave; Quan, Xiaowei; Pegion, Philip; Eischeid, Jon K.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.; Dole, Randall M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Blade, Ileana] IC3, Barcelona, Spain. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM brant.liebmann@noaa.gov FU Spanish MICINN [DEVIAJE CGL2009-06944, COMETH CGL 2012-30641] FX IB was funded by Grants DEVIAJE CGL2009-06944 and COMETH CGL 2012-30641 of the Spanish MICINN. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 23 BP 8630 EP 8645 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00714.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW1NC UT WOS:000346055100003 ER PT J AU Warner, SE Britton, EE Becker, DN Coffey, MJ AF Warner, Sarah E. Britton, Edward E. Becker, Drew N. Coffey, Michael J. TI Bald Eagle Lead Exposure in the Upper Midwest SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bald eagles; lead poisoning; Upper Midwest ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; CALIFORNIA CONDORS; SPENT AMMUNITION; GOLDEN EAGLES; IDAHO; BIRDS; WILD AB In 2012, we examined lead exposure in 58 bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus found dead in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. We determined lead concentrations in livers, examined differences in exposure among ages and between sexes, and recorded clinical signs consistent with lead poisoning. Most (60%) of the bald eagles had detectable lead concentrations, and 38% of the 58 had concentrations within the lethal range for lead poisoning. We found no differences in exposure based on sex or age, but we did find an inverse relationship between body and liver mass and liver lead concentration. The high percentage of lead-exposed bald eagles encouraged us to further examine potential sources of lead in our local environment. We initiated a study on the Fish and Wildlife Service's Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge to investigate if discarded offal piles from hunter-killed deer were a potential source of lead exposure to scavenging wildlife such as the bald eagle. Radiographs showed that 36% of offal piles in our sample area contained lead fragments ranging from 1 to 107 particles per pile. Our study indicated that 1) lead exposure rates for bald eagles found dead in our Upper Midwest study area were high, 2) more than one-third of the bald eagles found dead in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin had liver lead concentrations consistent with lead poisoning, and 3) discarded offal piles from deer shot with lead ammunition can be a potential source of lead exposure for bald eagles. C1 [Warner, Sarah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Ecol Serv Field Off, Madison, WI 53717 USA. [Britton, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. [Becker, Drew N.; Coffey, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rock Isl Ecol Serv Field Off, Moline, IL 61265 USA. RP Britton, EE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, 7071 Riverview Rd, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. EM ed_britton@fws.gov NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 90 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.3996/032013-JFWM-029 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300002 ER PT J AU Coleman, LS Ford, WM Dobony, CA Britzke, ER AF Coleman, Laci S. Ford, W. Mark Dobony, Chris A. Britzke, Eric R. TI A Comparison of Passive and Active Acoustic Sampling for a Bat Community Impacted by White-Nose Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acoustics; active sampling; bats; detection probability; occupancy analysis; passive sampling ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; MYOTIS-SODALIS; OCCUPANCY; DETECTORS; IDENTIFICATION; INVENTORY; PROTOCOL; FOREST; RATES AB In the summers of 2011 and 2012, we compared passive and active acoustic sampling for bats at 31 sites at Fort Drum Military Installation, New York. We defined active sampling as acoustic sampling that occurred in 30-min intervals between the hours of sunset and 0200 with a user present to manipulate the directionality of the microphone. We defined passive sampling as acoustic sampling that occurred over a 12-h period (1900-0700 hours) without a user present and with the microphone set in a predetermined direction. We detected seven of the nine possible species at Fort Drum, including the federally endangered Indiana bat Myotis sodalis, the proposed-for-listing northern bat M. septentrionalis, the little brown bat M. lucifugus, and the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus, which are impacted by white-nose syndrome (WNS); and the eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis, the hoary bat L. cinereus, and the silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans, which are not known to be impacted by WNS. We did not detect two additional WNS-impacted species known to historically occur in the area: the eastern small-footed bat Myotis leibii and the tri-colored bat Perimyotis subflavus. Single-season occupancy models revealed lower detection probabilities of all detected species using active sampling versus passive sampling. Additionally, overall detection probabilities declined in detected WNS-impacted species between years. A paired t-test of simultaneous sampling on 21 occasions revealed that overall recorded foraging activity per hour was greater using active than passive sampling for big brown bats and greater using passive than active sampling for little brown bats. There was no significant difference in recorded activity between methods for other WNS-impacted species, presumably because these species have been so reduced in number that their "apparency" on the landscape is lower. Finally, a cost analysis of standard passive and active sampling protocols revealed that passive sampling is substantially more cost-effective than active sampling per hour of data collection. We recommend passive sampling over active sampling methodologies as they are defined in our study for detection probability and/or occupancy studies focused on declining bat species in areas that have experienced severe WNS-associated impacts. C1 [Coleman, Laci S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dobony, Chris A.] Ft Drum Mil Installat, Nat Resources Branch, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wmford@vt.edu FU Fort Drum Natural Resources Branch through National Park Service, Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit [W9126G-11-2-SOI-0029]; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Research Work Order [VA-RWO-142] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Fort Drum Natural Resources Branch through National Park Service, Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit contract W9126G-11-2-SOI-0029 and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Research Work Order VA-RWO-142. We thank R. Rainbolt, A. Dale, S. Dedrick, G. Luongo, and N. Grosse for field assistance. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were reviewed by D. Stauffer and J.B. Johnson. Additionally, this manuscript received helpful peer review from the Subject Editor and two anonymous reviewers. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 265 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.3996/082103-JFWM-057 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300003 ER PT J AU Wolter, PT Berkley, EA Peckham, SD Singh, A AF Wolter, Peter T. Berkley, Elizabeth A. Peckham, Scott D. Singh, Aditya TI Satellite-Based Management Tool for Oak Savanna Ecosystem Restoration SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE basal area; forest structure; Landsat; oak savanna; oak woodland; restoration; xPLS regression ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LANDSAT TM IMAGERY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; CANOPY COVER; SOUTHERN WISCONSIN; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; TROPICAL FORESTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; INVENTORY DATA; STAND DENSITY AB The structure and function of oak Quercus spp. savanna ecosystems in the North American Midwest were originally maintained by an active disturbance regime (often fire). Subsequent reductions in the frequency of disturbance after European settlement have facilitated rapid, regional conversion of these ecosystems to more closed-canopy forest. Hence, regional-scale management strategies are now needed to restore critical spatial gradients of light, temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic matter for recovery and sustenance of the unique mosaic of understory grass and forb species assemblages that define oak savannas. Tree species composition, distribution, mortality, basal area, and canopy cover are important forest structural parameters that are intrinsically linked to oak savanna restoration ecology. In this benchmark study, we seek to determine whether Landsat-based monitoring protocols can be developed as a tool to guide and monitor regional-scale restoration and management efforts. Using the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge in central Minnesota as a test case, ground-based forest-structure data were collected and used with multitemporal Landsat sensor data and iterative exclusion partial least-squares regression to calibrate six predictive overstory structure models. Model calibrations produced moderate-to high-accuracy results with respective adjusted coefficient of determination and root mean-squared error values as follows: 0.859, 9.3% (canopy cover); 0.855, 2.95 m(2) ha(-1) (total basal area); 0.741, 11.6% (red oaks relative basal area); 0.781, 11.9% (bur oak relative basal area); 0.861, 3.20 m(2) ha(-1) (living oak basal area); and 0.833, 9.1% (dead oak relative basal area). We used the resulting structure models for the Sherburne test site to demonstrate how these data could be applied to help managers prioritize areas within management zones for restorative treatments. Although our Sherburne oak savanna test ecosystem is small (12,424 ha) compared with the size of a full Landsat scene (3.4 million ha), resulting structure models can be extended to the whole Landsat scene, which demonstrates how such modeling protocols can be used for repeated (e.g., annual to decadal), regional-scale analysis and assessment to improve management, planning, and implementation of oak savanna restoration efforts elsewhere. C1 [Wolter, Peter T.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50015 USA. [Berkley, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arapaho Natl Wildlife Refuge, Walden, CO 80480 USA. [Peckham, Scott D.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Singh, Aditya] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wolter, PT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50015 USA. EM ptwolter@iastate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The authors would also like to acknowledge the three anonymous Journal reviewers as well as the Subject Editor whose comments and suggestions greatly improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 23 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 252 EP 269 DI 10.3996/022013-JFWM-010 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300006 ER PT J AU Stolen, ED Oddy, DM Legare, ML Breininger, DR Gann, SL Legare, SA Weiss, SK Holloway-Adkins, KG Schaub, R AF Stolen, Eric D. Oddy, Donna M. Legare, Mike L. Breininger, David R. Gann, Shanon L. Legare, Stephanie A. Weiss, Stephanie K. Holloway-Adkins, Karen G. Schaub, Ron TI Preventing Tracking-Tube False Detections in Occupancy Modeling of Southeastern Beach Mouse SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; hierarchical model; cotton mice; habitat occupancy; footprints; Peromyscus gossypinus ID SMALL MAMMALS; WINBUGS; PACKAGE; BIAS AB Quantifying habitat occupancy of the southeastern beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris is important for managing this threatened species throughout its limited range. Tracking tubes were used to detect the southeastern beach mouse in coastal areas on the federal lands of the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and Canaveral National Seashore. Because this method relied on observations of footprints, detections of beach mice were confounded by the co-occurrence of cotton mice Peromyscus gossypinus, which have wider but slightly overlapping footprint widths. Mice of both species were captured and footprinted using tracking tubes to collect a database of footprints of known identity. These data were used to develop a Bayesian hierarchical model of the cutoff width at which a print could be assigned as a beach mouse with a known probability of error. Specifically, within the model, observed footprint widths were used to estimate a mean and variance of footprint width for each species, while accounting for variation between individual mice. Then, a distribution of new footprint widths was generated for each species by drawing from their modeled distributions. Finally, the new footprints were compared with a range of potential cutoff widths to evaluate the proportion of times the correct decision to exclude or accept the footprint was made. We graphically evaluated the performance of the cutoff widths and chose one that traded off between reducing false positives and retaining more correct detections for use in occupancy models. We explored the use of the cutoff width using occupancy models that allow for false-positive detections, and found that the use of the cutoff performed as expected. Over 40% of primary dune habitat on the Kennedy Space Center was occupied by beach mice during the period sampled. The proportion of vegetated habitat at a site had a negative influence on detection probability. No ecological covariates had a measurable influence on beach mouse occupancy, probably due to the limited range of environmental variation in the sampled region. The use of a cutoff for footprint width resulted in a reliable method to deal with false-positive detections in tracking tubes with small mammals and allowed the use of occupancy models that rely on certain detection. C1 [Stolen, Eric D.; Oddy, Donna M.; Breininger, David R.; Gann, Shanon L.; Legare, Stephanie A.; Weiss, Stephanie K.; Holloway-Adkins, Karen G.; Schaub, Ron] Ecol Programs, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Legare, Mike L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Merritt Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, Titusville, FL 32781 USA. RP Stolen, ED (reprint author), Ecol Programs, Mail Code IHA 300, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM eric.d.stolen@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.3996/032014-JFWM-025 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300007 ER PT J AU Germaine, S Ignizio, D Keinath, D Copeland, H AF Germaine, Steve Ignizio, Drew Keinath, Doug Copeland, Holly TI Predicting Occupancy for Pygmy Rabbits in Wyoming: An Independent Evaluation of Two Species Distribution Models SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brachylagus idahoensis; classification success; energy development; independent evaluation; species distribution model; Wyoming ID DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; HABITAT MODELS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PRECIPITATION; BIODIVERSITY; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE; SUITABILITY; VALIDATION; HUMIDITY AB Species distribution models are an important component of natural-resource conservation planning efforts. Independent, external evaluation of their accuracy is important before they are used in management contexts. We evaluated the classification accuracy of two species distribution models designed to predict the distribution of pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis habitat in southwestern Wyoming, USA. The Nature Conservancy model was deductive and based on published information and expert opinion, whereas the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database model was statistically derived using historical observation data. We randomly selected 187 evaluation survey points throughout southwestern Wyoming in areas predicted to be habitat and areas predicted to be nonhabitat for each model. The Nature Conservancy model correctly classified 39 of 77 (50.6%) unoccupied evaluation plots and 65 of 88 (73.9%) occupied plots for an overall classification success of 63.3%. The Wyoming Natural Diversity Database model correctly classified 53 of 95 (55.8%) unoccupied plots and 59 of 88 (67.0%) occupied plots for an overall classification success of 61.2%. Based on 95% asymptotic confidence intervals, classification success of the two models did not differ. The models jointly classified 10.8% of the area as habitat and 47.4% of the area as nonhabitat, but were discordant in classifying the remaining 41.9% of the area. To evaluate how anthropogenic development affected model predictive success, we surveyed 120 additional plots among three density levels of gas-field road networks. Classification success declined sharply for both models as road-density level increased beyond 5 km of roads per km-squared area. Both models were more effective at predicting habitat than nonhabitat in relatively undeveloped areas, and neither was effective at accounting for the effects of gas-energy-development road networks. Resource managers who wish to know the amount of pygmy rabbit habitat present in an area or wanting to direct gas-drilling efforts away from pygmy rabbit habitat may want to consider both models in an ensemble manner, where more confidence is placed in mapped areas (i.e., pixels) for which both models agree than for areas where there is model disagreement. C1 [Germaine, Steve] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ignizio, Drew] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Serv Grp LLC, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Keinath, Doug] Wyoming Nat Div Database, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Copeland, Holly] Nat Conservancy Wyoming, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Germaine, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM germaines@usgs.gov OI Ignizio, Drew/0000-0001-8054-5139 FU U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) FX We thank K. Hughes, J. Jewell, S. Meloy, D. Probasco, and A. Weiwel for collecting evaluation survey data; D. Woolwine for assisting with survey training; and M. O'Donnell for providing GIS support. B. Collier, C. Jarnevich, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable editorial comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank Subject Editor S. Jones for facilitating the manuscript review. Funding for this study was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI). NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 25 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 298 EP 314 DI 10.3996/022014-JFWM-016 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300009 ER PT J AU Urbanek, RP Szyszkoski, EK Zimorski, SE AF Urbanek, Richard P. Szyszkoski, Eva K. Zimorski, Sara E. TI Winter Distribution Dynamics and Implications to a Reintroduced Population of Migratory Whooping Cranes SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE direct autumn release; Grus americana; migratory population; reintroduction; ultralight aircraft; whooping crane; winter distribution ID RELEASE AB From 2001 to 2012, the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership released 196 costume-reared juvenile whooping cranes Grus americana in the eastern United States in an effort to reintroduce a migratory population of this endangered species. Techniques included leading juveniles from Wisconsin to wintering areas by ultralight aircraft or direct release of juveniles in Wisconsin prior to their first autumn migration. With few exceptions, ultralight-led cranes released on the Florida Gulf Coast wintered in inland freshwater habitats in subsequent winters. Wintering of the population occurred in four general regions: Florida-southern Georgia, coastal Carolina, the Mid-South (primarily Tennessee and northern Alabama), and the North (Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky). Releases of ultralight-led juveniles resulted in the majority of the population returning to winter in Florida during the early years of the reintroduction. Later direct autumn releases and shortstopping by ultralight-led birds increased numbers in the Mid-South. Winter climate played a large role in wintering in the North. Drought resulted in changes in wintering locations, especially in Florida. Other factors influencing changes in distribution included habitat degradation and associations with other whooping cranes, especially new mates and birds released by different techniques. Breeding pairs and direct autumn-released birds exhibited greater winter site fidelity than did nonbreeders or ultralight aircraft-led birds, but fidelity was low for all groups. Causes of mortality differed across the winter range, with predation being most prevalent in Florida and gunshot accounting for the majority of mortalities north of Florida. Because most pairing occurred in central Wisconsin, the widespread winter distribution had no apparent negative effect on pair formation. There was no clear relationship between winter region and subsequent incubation success. The widespread distribution of the population poses minimal risk to the outcome of the reintroduction in comparison to reproduction problems in the core reintroduction area of central Wisconsin. C1 [Urbanek, Richard P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. [Szyszkoski, Eva K.; Zimorski, Sara E.] Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Urbanek, RP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, N11385 Headquarters Rd, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. EM richard_urbanek@fws.gov FU Canada-U.S. Whooping Crane Recovery Team; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; USGS National Wildlife Health Center; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Operation Migration, Inc.; International Crane Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin FX This work is a product of the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership, which was established in 1999 to reintroduce a migratory population of whooping cranes to eastern North America. The nine founding members are the Canada-U.S. Whooping Crane Recovery Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Operation Migration, Inc., International Crane Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin. Many additional organizations and individuals have played an important role in the reintroduction, and the efforts of all participants are acknowledged as vital to the success of the project. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 43 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 340 EP 362 DI 10.3996/092012-JFWM-088 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300012 ER PT J AU Evans, TS Schuler, KL Walter, WD AF Evans, Tyler S. Schuler, Krysten L. Walter, W. David TI Surveillance and Monitoring of White-Tailed Deer for Chronic Wasting Disease in the Northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cervid; chronic wasting disease; retropharyngeal lymph node; surveillance ID MULE DEER; WISCONSIN; CANADA; PATTERNS; HARVEST; ELK AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease that affects both wild and captive cervid populations. In the past 45 y, CWD has spread from northern Colorado to all bordering states, as well as the midwestern United States (Midwest) and northeastern United States (Northeast), Canada, and South Korea. Because CWD is a relatively new issue for wildlife management agencies in the Northeast, we surveyed a representative (e.g., cervid biologist, wildlife veterinarian) from 14 states to gain a better understanding of state-specific surveillance measures. Between 2002 and 2012, New York (37,093) and Pennsylvania (35,324) tested the greatest number of harvested white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in the Northeast. Additionally, the 14 states surveyed have tested 121,730 harvested deer, or approximately 15,216/y, since CWD was first detected in 2005. The most common tissues used by agencies in the Northeast for testing were retropharyngeal lymph nodes, which have been determined to be the most reliable in detecting CWD in cervids. Understanding CWD surveillance efforts at a regional scale can help to provide guidance for the development of new surveillance plans or the improvement of existing ones. Furthermore, collaborations among state and regional agencies in the Northeast may attempt to identify deficiencies in surveillance by state or subregion. C1 [Evans, Tyler S.] Penn State Univ, Penn Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schuler, Krysten L.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, Penn Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Evans, TS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 436 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tse119@psu.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 51 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.3996/032014-JFWM-021 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300016 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR Quist, MC AF Fischer, Jesse R. Quist, Michael C. TI Gear and Seasonal Bias Associated with Abundance and Size Structure Estimates for Lentic Freshwater Fishes SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE gear comparison; lakes; reservoirs; freshwater fishes; size structure; relative abundance ID SAMPLING LITTORAL FISH; LARGE RIVER SYSTEMS; SMALL-BODIED FISHES; DIEL PERIOD; ASSEMBLAGES; RESERVOIRS; CRAPPIES; TRAWL; LAKES AB All freshwater fish sampling methods are biased toward particular species, sizes, and sexes and are further influenced by season, habitat, and fish behavior changes over time. However, little is known about gear-specific biases for many common fish species because few multiple-gear comparison studies exist that have incorporated seasonal dynamics. We sampled six lakes and impoundments representing a diversity of trophic and physical conditions in Iowa, USA, using multiple gear types (i.e., standard modified fyke net, mini-modified fyke net, sinking experimental gill net, bag seine, benthic trawl, boat-mounted electrofisher used diurnally and nocturnally) to determine the influence of sampling methodology and season on fisheries assessments. Specifically, we describe the influence of season on catch per unit effort, proportional size distribution, and the number of samples required to obtain 125 stock-length individuals for 12 species of recreational and ecological importance. Mean catch per unit effort generally peaked in the spring and fall as a result of increased sampling effectiveness in shallow areas and seasonal changes in habitat use (e.g., movement offshore during summer). Mean proportional size distribution decreased from spring to fall for white bass Morone chrysops, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, suggesting selectivity for large and presumably sexually mature individuals in the spring and summer. Overall, the mean number of samples required to sample 125 stock-length individuals was minimized in the fall with sinking experimental gill nets, a boat-mounted electrofisher used at night, and standard modified nets for 11 of the 12 species evaluated. Our results provide fisheries scientists with relative comparisons between several recommended standard sampling methods and illustrate the effects of seasonal variation on estimates of population indices that will be critical to the future development of standardized sampling methods for freshwater fish in lentic ecosystems. C1 [Fischer, Jesse R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jessefischer@gmail.com FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute; Iowa State University [1-08-6493-I] FX This project was supported, in part, by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; and Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This study was performed under the auspices of Iowa State University protocol 1-08-6493-I. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 39 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 394 EP 412 DI 10.3996/082013-JFWM-054 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300017 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Linder, G Darrah, AJ Drost, CA Duniway, MC Johnson, MJ Mendez-Harclerode, FM Nowak, EM Valdez, EW Van Riper, C Wolff, S AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Linder, Greg Darrah, Abigail J. Drost, Charles A. Duniway, Michael C. Johnson, Matthew J. Mendez-Harclerode, Francisca M. Nowak, Erika M. Valdez, Ernest W. van Riper, Charles, III Wolff, Stephanie TI Exposure Pathways and Biological Receptors: Baseline Data for the Canyon Uranium Mine, Coconino County, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological surveys; Colorado Plateau; contaminants; Grand Canyon; risk; uranium mining ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; BRECCIA PIPES AB Recent restrictions on uranium mining within the Grand Canyon watershed have drawn attention to scientific data gaps in evaluating the possible effects of ore extraction to human populations as well as wildlife communities in the area. Tissue contaminant concentrations, one of the most basic data requirements to determine exposure, are not available for biota from any historical or active uranium mines in the region. The Canyon Uranium Mine is under development, providing a unique opportunity to characterize concentrations of uranium and other trace elements, as well as radiation levels in biota, found in the vicinity of the mine before ore extraction begins. Our study objectives were to identify contaminants of potential concern and critical contaminant exposure pathways for ecological receptors; conduct biological surveys to understand the local food web and refine the list of target species (ecological receptors) for contaminant analysis; and collect target species for contaminant analysis prior to the initiation of active mining. Contaminants of potential concern were identified as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, thallium, uranium, and zinc for chemical toxicity and uranium and associated radionuclides for radiation. The conceptual exposure model identified ingestion, inhalation, absorption, and dietary transfer (bioaccumulation or bioconcentration) as critical contaminant exposure pathways. The biological survey of plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and small mammals is the first to document and provide ecological information on >200 species in and around the mine site; this study also provides critical baseline information about the local food web. Most of the species documented at the mine are common to ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa and pinyon-juniper Pinus-Juniperus spp. forests in northern Arizona and are not considered to have special conservation status by state or federal agencies; exceptions are the locally endemic Tusayan flameflower Phemeranthus validulus, the long-legged bat Myotis volans, and the Arizona bat Myotis occultus. The most common vertebrate species identified at the mine site included the Mexican spadefoot toad Spea multiplicata, plateau fence lizard Sceloporus tristichus, violetgreen swallow Tachycineta thalassina, pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea, purple martin Progne subis, western bluebird Sialia mexicana, deermouse Peromyscus maniculatus, valley pocket gopher Thomomys bottae, cliff chipmunk Tamias dorsalis, black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus, mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, and elk Cervus canadensis. A limited number of the most common species were collected for contaminant analysis to establish baseline contaminant and radiological concentrations prior to ore extraction. These empirical baseline data will help validate contaminant exposure pathways and potential threats from contaminant exposures to ecological receptors. Resource managers will also be able to use these data to determine the extent to which local species are exposed to chemical and radiation contamination once the mine is operational and producing ore. More broadly, these data could inform resource management decisions on mitigating chemical and radiation exposure of biota at high-grade uranium breccia pipes throughout the Grand Canyon watershed. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Darrah, Abigail J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Drost, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johnson, Matthew J.; Nowak, Erika M.; Wolff, Stephanie] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Mendez-Harclerode, Francisca M.] Bethel Coll, Dept Biol, North Newton, KS 67117 USA. [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [van Riper, Charles, III] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 49 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 422 EP 440 DI 10.3996/052014-JFWM-039 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300019 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM AF Mulcahy, Daniel M. TI A Reply to Jepsen, N., K. Aarestrup and SJ Cooke. Tagging Fish in the Field: Ethical and Procedural Considerations. A Comment to the Recent Paper of D. Mulcahy; Legal, Ethical and Procedural Bases for the Use of Aseptic Techniques to Implant Electronic Devices, (Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4:211-219) SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; aseptic surgical techniques; fish; implantation; surgery; transmitters ID TRANSMITTERS; SALMON C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dmulcahy@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 2 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.3996/052014-JFWM-040 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW1MA UT WOS:000346052300021 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Cayan, DR Thrasher, BL AF Pierce, David W. Cayan, Daniel R. Thrasher, Bridget L. TI Statistical Downscaling Using Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrometeorology; Climate models; Hydrologic models; Land surface model; Atmosphere-land interaction; Regional effects ID CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; TEMPERATURE; STREAMFLOW; INFLATION; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; OUTPUTS; LONG AB A new technique for statistically downscaling climate model simulations of daily temperature and precipitation is introduced and demonstrated over the western United States. The localized constructed analogs (LOCA) method produces downscaled estimates suitable for hydrological simulations using a multiscale spatial matching scheme to pick appropriate analog days from observations. First, a pool of candidate observed analog days is chosen by matching the model field to be downscaled to observed days over the region that is positively correlated with the point being downscaled, which leads to a natural independence of the downscaling results to the extent of the domain being downscaled. Then, the one candidate analog day that best matches in the local area around the grid cell being downscaled is the single analog day used there. Most grid cells are downscaled using only the single locally selected analog day, but locations whose neighboring cells identify a different analog day use a weighted combination of the center and adjacent analog days to reduce edge discontinuities. By contrast, existing constructed analog methods typically use a weighted average of the same 30 analog days for the entire domain. By greatly reducing this averaging, LOCA produces better estimates of extreme days, constructs a more realistic depiction of the spatial coherence of the downscaled field, and reduces the problem of producing too many light-precipitation days. The LOCA method is more computationally expensive than existing constructed analog techniques, but it is still practical for downscaling numerous climate model simulations with limited computational resources. C1 [Pierce, David W.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Thrasher, Bridget L.] Climate Analyt Grp, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Mail Stop 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu OI Thrasher, Bridget/0000-0002-3961-1971 FU California Energy Commission [CEC-500-10-041]; USGS through the Southwest Climate Science Center; NOAA through the California Nevada Climate Applications Project (CNAP) FX The authors thank John Abatzoglou, Edwin Maurer, Hugo Hidalgo, Ethan Gutmann, and two other anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that improved this work. This project was sponsored by the California Energy Commission under Grant CEC-500-10-041. Additional support for D.W.P. and D.C. came from the USGS through the Southwest Climate Science Center and from NOAA through the California Nevada Climate Applications Project (CNAP) Regional Integrated Science Applications (RISA) program. We thank the University of Washington Land Surface Hydrology Research Group for supplying the Livneh et al. (2013) 1/168 dataset. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2558 EP 2585 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0082.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9FZ UT WOS:000345898400026 ER PT J AU Quirk, BK Hutt, ME AF Quirk, Bruce K. Hutt, Michael E. TI Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Activities at the Department of the Interior SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Quirk, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hutt, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Quirk, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM quirk@usgs.gov; mehutt@aol.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1089 EP 1095 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AW0BH UT WOS:000345954900001 ER PT J AU Carrasco, SE Chomel, BB Gill, VA Doroff, AM Miller, MA Burek-Huntington, KA Kasten, RW Byrne, BA Goldstein, T Mazet, JAK AF Carrasco, Sebastian E. Chomel, Bruno B. Gill, Verena A. Doroff, Angela M. Miller, Melissa A. Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A. Kasten, Rickie W. Byrne, Barbara A. Goldstein, Tracey Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI Bartonella spp. Exposure in Northern and Southern Sea Otters in Alaska and California SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Northern sea otter; Antibodies; Southern sea otter; Alaska; Bartonella washoensis; Bartonella spp ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SUBSP BERKHOFFII INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; HENSELAE; ENDOCARDITIS; PREVALENCE; RESERVOIR; VINSONII; DOGS AB Since 2002, an increased number of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) from southcentral Alaska have been reported to be dying due to endocarditis and/or septicemia with infection by Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli. Bartonella spp. DNA was also detected in northern sea otters as part of mortality investigations during this unusual mortality event (UME) in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. To evaluate the extent of exposure to Bartonella spp. in sea otters, sera collected from necropsied and live-captured northern sea otters, as well as necropsied southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) unaffected by the UME, were analyzed using an immunofluorescent antibody assay. Antibodies against Bartonella spp. were detected in sera from 50% of necropsied and 34% of presumed healthy, live-captured northern sea otters and in 16% of necropsied southern sea otters. The majority of sea otters with reactive sera were seropositive for B. washoensis, with antibody titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:256. Bartonella spp. antibodies were especially common in adult northern sea otters, both free-living (49%) and necropsied (62%). Adult stranded northern sea otters that died from infectious causes, such as opportunistic bacterial infections, were 27 times more likely to be Bartonella seropositive than adult stranded northern sea otters that died from noninfectious causes (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval 2.62-269.4). Because Bartonella spp. antibodies were detected in necropsied northern sea otters from southcentral (44%) and southwestern (86%) stocks of Alaska, as well as in necropsied southern sea otters (16%) in southcentral California, we concluded that Bartonella spp. exposure is widely distributed among sea otter populations in the Eastern Pacific, providing context for investigating future disease outbreaks and monitoring of Bartonella infections for sea otter management and conservation. C1 [Carrasco, Sebastian E.; Chomel, Bruno B.; Miller, Melissa A.; Byrne, Barbara A.; Goldstein, Tracey; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chomel, Bruno B.; Kasten, Rickie W.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Doroff, Angela M.] Kachemak Bay Res Reserve, Homer, AK USA. [Miller, Melissa A.] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathleen A.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK USA. RP Carrasco, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM secarrasco@ucdavis.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation [D08ZO-046]; Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center graduate student fellowship, University of California, Davis; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4310119]; National Institutes of Health National Research Service Award [T32 AI 060519] FX The authors thank the personnel from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Anchorage, Alaska; Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, Alaska; and the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), Santa Cruz, California; as well as the Homer stranding network for assistance with animal captures, necropsies, and sample collection. We also thank Kate Thomas for helping to illustrate sampling areas and Dana Jenski (USFWS) and Erin Dodd and Eva Berberich (CDFW) for their assistance on demographic and spatial information of sea otters and logistics for collection and shipping samples. Field sample collections in Alaska were conducted under authority of a Marine Mammal Protection Act permit issued by the Division of Management Authority, USFWS (MA041309-4 permit number) and under an Insitutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) review by the University of Alaska. This research was supported by grant no. D08ZO-046 from the Morris Animal Foundation; the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center graduate student fellowship, University of California, Davis; and an Oceans and Human Health training grant no. NA06OAR4310119 (Training Tomorrow's Ecosystem and Public Health Leaders Using Marine Mammals as Sentinels of Oceanic Change) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). S.E.C. was also supported by grant no. NA06OAR4310119 and National Institutes of Health National Research Service Award T32 AI 060519. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 27 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1089/vbz.2014.1612 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA AW6AJ UT WOS:000346351600001 PM 25514118 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Naugle, DE Tack, JD Walker, BL Graham, JM Beck, JL AF Doherty, Kevin E. Naugle, David E. Tack, Jason D. Walker, Brett L. Graham, Jon M. Beck, Jeffrey L. TI Linking conservation actions to demography: grass height explains variation in greater sage-grouse nest survival SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT SELECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; SUCCESS; VEGETATION AB Conservation success often hinges on our ability to link demography with implementable management actions to influence population growth (lambda). Nest success is demonstrated to be important to lambda in greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, an imperiled species in the North American sagebrush-steppe. Enhancing this vital rate through management represents an opportunity to increase bird numbers inside population strongholds. We identified management for grass height as an action that can improve nest success in an analysis of sage-grouse nests (n = 529) from a long-term study (2003-2007) in the Powder River Basin, southeast Montana and northeast Wyoming, USA. Average grass height by study area and year varied (11.4-29.2 cm) but its positive effects on nest survival were consistent among study years and study areas that differed in absolute rates of nest success. We tested the predictive ability of models by grouping output from log-link analyses (2004-2006) into two bins with nest success probabilities < 0.45 and > 0.55, and validated the relationship with additional data from 2003 and 2007. Nests with probabilities > 0.55 were 1.64 (2004-2006) to 3.11 (2007) times more likely to hatch than those < 0.45, except in 2003 when an early wet spring resulted in universally high grass height at nest sites (29.2 cm) and high predicted nest success (64%). The high predictive power of grass height illustrates its utility as a management tool to increase nest success within priority landscapes. Relationships suggest that managing grass height during drought may benefit sage-grouse populations. C1 [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Naugle, David E.; Walker, Brett L.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Naugle, David E.] USDA, Sage Grouse Initiat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Tack, Jason D.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graham, Jon M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Beck, Jeffrey L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov FU Bureau of Land Management (BLM) offices in Montana and Wyoming; BLM (Washington DC); US Dept of Energy; Montana Dept of Fish; Wildlife and Parks; Wyoming Game and Fish Dept; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program); Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Petroleum Association of Wyoming; Western Gas Resources Inc.; Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation; Bighorn Environmental Consulting; Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.; Univ. of Montana FX We thank landowners in the PRB that granted access to private lands. J. Hess, K. Keith, D. Nonne and F. Sutti provided outstanding leadership and assistance in the field. Major funding for this work came from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) offices in Montana and Wyoming. Additional support came from the BLM (Washington DC), US Dept of Energy, Montana Dept of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Wyoming Game and Fish Dept, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program), Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Western Gas Resources Inc., Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, Bighorn Environmental Consulting, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. and the Univ. of Montana. The views of the lead author are his own and do not necessarily represent the USFWS. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.2981/wlb.00004 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AW2OM UT WOS:000346127900001 ER PT J AU Poland, MP Orr, TR AF Poland, Michael P. Orr, Tim R. TI Identifying hazards associated with lava deltas SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lava delta; Kilauea Volcano; Volcanic hazards; Lava-ocean interaction; Volcano deformation; Hydrovolcanic explosions ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SEAWATER INTERACTION; HAWAII; FLOWS; DEFORMATION; EMPLACEMENT; SEA AB Lava deltas, formed where lava enters the ocean and builds a shelf of new land extending from the coastline, represent a significant local hazard, especially on populated ocean island volcanoes. Such structures are unstable and prone to collapse-events that are often accompanied by small explosions that can deposit boulders and cobbles hundreds of meters inland. Explosions that coincide with collapses of the East Lae ` Apuki lava delta at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai` i, during 2005-2007 followed an evolutionary progression mirroring that of the delta itself. A collapse that occurred when the lava-ocean entry was active was associated with a blast of lithic blocks and dispersal of spatter and fine, glassy tephra. Shortly after delta growth ceased, a collapse exposed hot rock to cold ocean water, resulting in an explosion composed entirely of lithic blocks and lapilli. Further collapse of the delta after several months of inactivity, by which time it had cooled significantly, resulted in no recognizable explosion deposit. Seaward displacement and subsidence of the coastline immediately inland of the delta was measured by both satellite and ground-based sensors and occurred at rates of several centimeters per month even after the lava-ocean entry had ceased. The anomalous deformation ended only after complete collapse of the delta. Monitoring of ground deformation may therefore provide an indication of the potential for delta collapse, while the hazard associated with collapse can be inferred from the level of activity, or the time since the last activity, on the delta. C1 [Poland, Michael P.; Orr, Tim R.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Poland, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 76 IS 12 DI 10.1007/s00445-014-0880-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW0EE UT WOS:000345962300001 ER PT J AU Rogers, CS Willette, DA Miller, J AF Rogers, Caroline S. Willette, Demian A. Miller, Jeff TI Rapidly spreading seagrass invades the Caribbean with unknown ecological consequences SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter ID HALOPHILA-STIPULACEA; FISH C1 [Rogers, Caroline S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, PR 00936 USA. [Willette, Demian A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Miller, Jeff] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Pr, St John, VI USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, PR 00936 USA. EM Caroline_Rogers@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 12 IS 10 BP 546 EP 547 DI 10.1890/14.WB.016 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8ZS UT WOS:000345882400014 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Pearce, JM Handel, CM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Pearce, John M. Handel, Colleen M. TI Wildlife health in a rapidly changing North: focus on avian disease SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; IXODES-RICINUS; ALASKA; CANADA; ECOLOGY; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; BORRELIA AB Climate-related environmental changes have increasingly been linked to emerging infectious diseases in wildlife. The Arctic is facing a major ecological transition that is expected to substantially affect animal and human health. Changes in phenology or environmental conditions that result from climate warming may promote novel species assemblages as host and pathogen ranges expand to previously unoccupied areas. Recent evidence from the Arctic and subarctic suggests an increase in the spread and prevalence of some wildlife diseases, but baseline data necessary to detect and verify such changes are still lacking. Wild birds are undergoing rapid shifts in distribution and have been implicated in the spread of wildlife and zoonotic diseases. Here, we review evidence of current and projected changes in the abundance and distribution of avian diseases and outline strategies for future research. We discuss relevant climatic and environmental factors, emerging host pathogen contact zones, the relationship between host condition and immune function, and potential wildlife and human health outcomes in northern regions. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline; Pearce, John M.; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU Ecosystem and Environmental Health Mission areas of the US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Ecosystem and Environmental Health Mission areas of the US Geological Survey. We thank A Reeves for helpful feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript, as well as M Brubaker and V Kotongan for providing the image used in Figure 3. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 99 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 12 IS 10 BP 548 EP 556 DI 10.1890/130291 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8ZS UT WOS:000345882400015 ER PT J AU Hobbs, RJ Higgs, E Hall, CM Bridgewater, P Chapin, FS Ellis, EC Ewel, JJ Hallett, LM Harris, J Hulvey, KB Jackson, ST Kennedy, PL Kueffer, C Lach, L Lantz, TC Lugo, AE Mascaro, J Murphy, SD Nelson, CR Perring, MP Richardson, DM Seastedt, TR Standish, RJ Starzomski, BM Suding, KN Tognetti, PM Yakob, L Yung, L AF Hobbs, Richard J. Higgs, Eric Hall, Carol M. Bridgewater, Peter Chapin, F. Stuart, III Ellis, Erie C. Ewel, John J. Hallett, Lauren M. Harris, James Hulvey, Kristen B. Jackson, Stephen T. Kennedy, Patricia L. Kueffer, Christoph Lach, Lori Lantz, Trevor C. Lugo, Ariel E. Mascaro, Joseph Murphy, Stephen D. Nelson, Cara R. Perring, Michael P. Richardson, David M. Seastedt, Timothy R. Standish, Rachel J. Starzomski, Brian M. Suding, Katherine N. Tognetti, Pedro M. Yakob, Laith Yung, Laurie TI Managing the whole landscape: historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; CLIMATE; ANTHROPOCENE; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK; BIOSPHERE; OPTIONS; REGIMES AB The reality confronting ecosystem managers today is one of heterogeneous, rapidly transforming landscapes, particularly in the areas more affected by urban and agricultural development. A landscape management framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of options for how and when to intervene, uses limited resources more effectively, and increases the chances of achieving management goals. That many ecosystems have departed so substantially from their historical trajectory that they defy conventional restoration is not in dispute. Acknowledging novel ecosystems need not constitute a threat to existing policy and management approaches. Rather, the development of an integrated approach to management interventions can provide options that are in tune with the current reality of rapid ecosystem change. C1 [Hobbs, Richard J.; Hulvey, Kristen B.; Perring, Michael P.; Standish, Rachel J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, Australia. [Higgs, Eric; Hall, Carol M.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Starzomski, Brian M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Bridgewater, Peter] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Nat Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ellis, Erie C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ewel, John J.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hallett, Lauren M.; Suding, Katherine N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harris, James] Cranfield Univ, Sch Energy Environm & Agrifood, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, DOI Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Union, OR USA. [Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR USA. [Kueffer, Christoph] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Lach, Lori] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns, Australia. [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Mascaro, Joseph] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Murphy, Stephen D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nelson, Cara R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Richardson, David M.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Seastedt, Timothy R.; Suding, Katherine N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tognetti, Pedro M.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Metodos Cuantitat & Sistemas Informac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Yakob, Laith] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London WC1, England. [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Resource Conservat Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hulvey, Kristen B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hulvey, Kristen B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hobbs, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, Australia. EM richard.hobbs@uwa.edu.au RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Harris, Jim/B-2816-2011; Standish, Rachel/B-1028-2011; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015; Perring, Michael/B-1323-2011; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Harris, Jim/0000-0001-9266-4979; Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821; Perring, Michael/0000-0001-8553-4893; Yakob, Laith/0000-0001-8639-4511; Ellis, Erle/0000-0002-2006-3362 FU Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX We thank all the participants in the Poet's Cove workshop on novel ecosystems for their contributions to the ideas in this paper, and J Wiens for very helpful comments on the draft manuscript. We acknowledge funding support from an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship (to RJH) and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. NR 41 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 38 U2 268 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 12 IS 10 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1890/130300 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU8ZS UT WOS:000345882400016 ER PT J AU Clark, J Mitrovica, JX Alder, J AF Clark, Jorie Mitrovica, Jerry X. Alder, Jay TI Coastal paleogeography of the California-Oregon-Washington and Bering Sea continental shelves during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene: implications for the archaeological record SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sea level; Paleogeography; Coastal migration; Beringia; Deglacial ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; ICE-AGE EARTH; NORTH-AMERICA; CHANNEL-ISLANDS; PACIFIC COAST; ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; HUMAN COPROLITES; DAISY CAVE; LEVEL DATA AB Sea-level rise during the last deglaciation and through the Holocene was influenced by deformational, gravitational, and rotational effects (henceforth glacial isostatic adjustment, GIA) that led to regional departures from eustasy. Deglacial sea-level rise was particularly variable spatially in areas adjacent to the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets. Such regional variability in sea level due to GIA is important to identify when investigating potential coastal migration pathways used by early Americans. An improved understanding of regional sea-level rise may also be used for predictive modeling of potential archaeological sites that are now submerged. Here we compute relative sea-level change across the California Oregon Washington and Bering Sea continental shelves since the Last Glacial Maximum using an ice-age sea-level theory that accurately incorporates time-varying shoreline geometry. The corresponding non-uniform sea-level rise across these continental shelves reveals significant departures from eustasy, which has important implications for improved understanding of potential coastal migration routes and predictive modeling of the location of now-submerged archaeological sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clark, Jorie] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alder, Jay] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clark, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clarkjc@geo.oregonstate.edu; jxm@eps.harvard.edu; jalder@usgs.gov OI Alder, Jay/0000-0003-2378-2853 NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 EI 1095-9238 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2014.07.030 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA AU6TM UT WOS:000345734600002 ER PT J AU Shapiro, LH Tepedino, VJ Minckley, RL AF Shapiro, Leo H. Tepedino, V. J. Minckley, Robert L. TI Bowling for bees: optimal sample number for "bee bowl" sampling transects SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; Bee bowl; Bee inventory; Bee sampling; Bees; Pan trap ID PAN TRAP; HYMENOPTERA; APIFORMES; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION; DESERT; PLANT AB The use of bowl traps to sample bee diversity has become common in recent years. To provide guidance in optimizing bee bowl sampling effort, we used several independent datasets from North America (Pacific Northwest golf courses, suburban Maryland, and Chihuahuan Desert) to estimate the number of bowls in a sampling event at which additional bowls added little to estimates of species richness or to cumulative species lists. We examined changes in the value of a nonparametric richness estimator (Chao2) as a function of bowl number by randomly resampling (without replacement) the data for each sampled transect. We also carried out rarefaction (interpolation of expected species richness for all numbers of bowls up to the actual number). Using as our criterion of "optimal" number of bowl samples per transect the number of samples at which five additional bowls added < 1 additional species to the Chao2 estimate, we find that 30-bowl transects would have met this standard for nearly three quarters or more of the sampling events in any of our three datasets (for the suburban Maryland and Chihuahuan Desert data sets, at least three quarters of sampling events met this criterion with just 20 and 25 bowls, respectively). Results from rarefaction analysis for all sampling events indicate that 30-bowl transects would have met our "five additional bowls" standard for more than 80 % of our suburban Maryland and Chihuahuan Desert sampling events, but for only about 61 % of our Pacific Northwest sampling events. For the Pacific Northwest sampling events, there was notable among-site heterogeneity in required sampling intensity. Thus, although 30-bowl transects appear to be adequate for assessing local bee species richness in most instances, investigators may wish to increase (or decrease) this number based on their particular goals and specific knowledge about local bee diversity. C1 [Shapiro, Leo H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shapiro, Leo H.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Native Bee Inventory & Monitoring Lab, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tepedino, V. J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Minckley, Robert L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Shapiro, LH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lshapiro@umd.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1007/s10841-014-9720-y PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA AU7GT UT WOS:000345769600009 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RM AF Hirsch, Robert M. TI LARGE BIASES IN REGRESSION-BASED CONSTITUENT FLUX ESTIMATES: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; transport and fate; statistics; computational methods ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEDIMENT LOADS; NUTRIENT LOADS; WATER-QUALITY; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; SURFACE-WATER; RATING CURVES; RIVER LOADS; NITROGEN; NITRATE AB It has been documented in the literature that, in some cases, widely used regression-based models can produce severely biased estimates of long-term mean river fluxes of various constituents. These models, estimated using sample values of concentration, discharge, and date, are used to compute estimated fluxes for a multiyear period at a daily time step. This study compares results of the LOADEST seven-parameter model, LOADEST five-parameter model, and the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model using subsampling of six very large datasets to better understand this bias problem. This analysis considers sample datasets for dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus. The results show that LOADEST-7 and LOADEST-5, although they often produce very nearly unbiased results, can produce highly biased results. This study identifies three conditions that can give rise to these severe biases: (1) lack of fit of the log of concentration vs. log discharge relationship, (2) substantial differences in the shape of this relationship across seasons, and (3) severely heteroscedastic residuals. The WRTDS model is more resistant to the bias problem than the LOADEST models but is not immune to them. Understanding the causes of the bias problem is crucial to selecting an appropriate method for flux computations. Diagnostic tools for identifying the potential for bias problems are introduced, and strategies for resolving bias problems are described. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rhirsch@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1401 EP 1424 DI 10.1111/jawr.12195 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900003 ER PT J AU Van Beusekom, AE Hay, LE Viger, RJ Gould, WA Collazo, JA Khalyani, AH AF Van Beusekom, Ashley E. Hay, Lauren E. Viger, Roland J. Gould, William A. Collazo, Jaime A. Khalyani, Azad Henareh TI THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING LAND COVER ON STREAMFLOW SIMULATION IN PUERTO RICO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE land use; land cover change; urbanization; surface water hydrology; Precipitation Runoff Modeling System; geospatial analysis; Caribbean ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; 3 MOUNTAINOUS BASINS; UNITED-STATES; IMPERVIOUS COVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; FOREST; WATERSHEDS; IMPACT AB This study quantitatively explores whether land cover changes have a substantive impact on simulated streamflow within the tropical island setting of Puerto Rico. The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to compare streamflow simulations based on five static parameterizations of land cover with those based on dynamically varying parameters derived from four land cover scenes for the period 1953-2012. The PRMS simulations based on static land cover illustrated consistent differences in simulated streamflow across the island. It was determined that the scale of the analysis makes a difference: large regions with localized areas that have undergone dramatic land cover change may show negligible difference in total streamflow, but streamflow simulations using dynamic land cover parameters for a highly altered subwatershed clearly demonstrate the effects of changing land cover on simulated streamflow. Incorporating dynamic parameterization in these highly altered watersheds can reduce the predictive uncertainty in simulations of streamflow using PRMS. Hydrologic models that do not consider the projected changes in land cover may be inadequate for water resource management planning for future conditions. C1 [Van Beusekom, Ashley E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hay, Lauren E.; Viger, Roland J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gould, William A.; Khalyani, Azad Henareh] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Van Beusekom, AE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM aevanbeu@ncsu.edu OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X; Van Beusekom, Ashley/0000-0002-6996-978X NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1593 DI 10.1111/jawr.12227 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900016 ER PT J AU Astrom, JA Vallot, D Schafer, M Welty, EZ O'Neel, S Bartholomaus, TC Liu, Y Riikila, TI Zwinger, T Timonen, J Moore, JC AF Astrom, J. A. Vallot, D. Schafer, M. Welty, E. Z. O'Neel, S. Bartholomaus, T. C. Liu, Yan Riikila, T. I. Zwinger, T. Timonen, J. Moore, J. C. TI Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET MODEL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ICEBERGS AB Over the next century, one of the largest contributions to sea level rise will come from ice sheets and glaciers calving ice into the ocean(1). Factors controlling the rapid and nonlinear variations in calving fluxes are poorly understood, and therefore difficult to include in prognostic climate-forced land-ice models. Here we analyse globally distributed calving data sets from Svalbard, Alaska (USA), Greenland and Antarctica in combination with simulations from a first-principles, particle-based numerical calving model to investigate the size and inter-event time of calving events. We find that calving events triggered by the brittle fracture of glacier ice are governed by the same power-law distributions as avalanches in the canonical Abelian sandpile model(2). This similarity suggests that calving termini behave as self-organized critical systems that readily flip between states of sub-critical advance and super-critical retreat in response to changes in climate and geometric conditions. Observations of sudden ice-shelf collapse and tidewater glacier retreat in response to gradual warming of their environment(3) are consistent with a system fluctuating around its critical point in response to changing external forcing. We propose that self-organized criticality provides a yet unexplored framework for investigations into calving and projections of sea level rise. C1 [Astrom, J. A.; Zwinger, T.] CSC IT Ctr Sci, Espoo 02101, Finland. [Vallot, D.; Moore, J. C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Vallot, D.; Moore, J. C.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi 96100, Finland. [Schafer, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Schafer, M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Welty, E. Z.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [O'Neel, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Bartholomaus, T. C.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yan; Moore, J. C.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Riikila, T. I.; Timonen, J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Nanosci Ctr, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Timonen, J.] ITMO Univ, St Petersburg 197101, Russia. RP Astrom, JA (reprint author), CSC IT Ctr Sci, POB 405, Espoo 02101, Finland. EM dorothee.vallot@geo.uu.se; john.moore.bnu@gmail.com RI Moore, John/B-2868-2013; Bartholomaus, Timothy/C-1781-2015; OI Moore, John/0000-0001-8271-5787; Bartholomaus, Timothy/0000-0002-1470-6720; Zwinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3360-4401 FU SvalGlac (Paierlbreen); SVALI (Tunabreen); US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change, Department of Interior Climate Science Center, and Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council (Columbia Glacier); Yahtse Glacier [NSF-EAR-0810313]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB957704, 2015CB953600]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Antarctic ice shelves) [2013NT5]; Nordic Top-level Research Initiative (TRI) FX We thank J. A. Jania, D. Ignatiuk, M. Laska, B. Luks, M. Cieply, J. Halat, A. Piechota, M. Sund and crews from the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund (Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences) for their help collecting data at Paierlbreen; A. Hodson and D. Benn for their help at Tunabreen; and G. Hamilton for suggesting the Greenland data. Kronebreen geometry was provided by the Norwegian Polar Institute. The European Space Agency provided ENVISAT ASAR imagery for the Antarctic ice shelves. Support provided by: SvalGlac (Paierlbreen); SVALI (Tunabreen); US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change, Department of Interior Climate Science Center, and Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council (Columbia Glacier); NSF-EAR-0810313 (Yahtse Glacier); National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB957704 and 2015CB953600) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2013NT5) (Antarctic ice shelves). This publication is contribution number 33 of the Nordic Centre of Excellence SVALI, 'Stability and Variations of Arctic Land Ice', funded by the Nordic Top-level Research Initiative (TRI). The simulated graphics have been rendered by J. Hokkanen (CSC-IT Centre for Science). NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 874 EP 878 DI 10.1038/NGEO2290 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU9LW UT WOS:000345915300013 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Newman, AV Hayes, GP Titov, VV Tang, LJ AF Wei, Yong Newman, Andrew V. Hayes, Gavin P. Titov, Vasily V. Tang, Liujuan TI Tsunami Forecast by Joint Inversion of Real-Time Tsunami Waveforms and Seismic or GPS Data: Application to the Tohoku 2011 Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunameter; GPS; finite-fault solution; tsunami; inversion; tsunami forecast; runup; inundation; modeling; near field ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; OKI EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE MODEL; SIMULATIONS; MEGATHRUST; RUNUP AB Correctly characterizing tsunami source generation is the most critical component of modern tsunami forecasting. Although difficult to quantify directly, a tsunami source can be modeled via different methods using a variety of measurements from deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some of which in or near real time. Here we assess the performance of different source models for the destructive 11 March 2011 Japan tsunami using model-data comparison for the generation, propagation, and inundation in the near field of Japan. This comparative study of tsunami source models addresses the advantages and limitations of different real-time measurements with potential use in early tsunami warning in the near and far field. The study highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements and rapid validation of the approximate tsunami source for high-quality forecasting. We show that these tsunami measurements are compatible with other real-time geodetic data, and may provide more insightful understanding of tsunami generation from earthquakes, as well as from nonseismic processes such as submarine landslide failures. C1 [Wei, Yong; Titov, Vasily V.; Tang, Liujuan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wei, Yong; Tang, Liujuan] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Newman, Andrew V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Yong.Wei@noaa.gov RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA100AR4320148]; JISAO [2137]; PMEL [4014] FX The authors would like to thank William Barnhart of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews and constructive remarks, which helped improve this manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement NA100AR4320148; JISAO contribution 2137; PMEL contribution 4014. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 171 IS 12 BP 3281 EP 3305 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU8KF UT WOS:000345844700008 ER PT J AU Gray, HJ Owen, LA Dietsch, C Beck, RA Caffee, MA Finkel, RC Mahan, SA AF Gray, Harrison J. Owen, Lewis A. Dietsch, Craig Beck, Richard A. Caffee, Marc A. Finkel, Robert C. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Quaternary landscape development, alluvial fan chronology and erosion of the Mecca Hills at the southern end of the San Andreas Fault zone SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides; Beryllium-10; Surface exposure dating; Mecca Hills; San Andreas Fault ID SITU COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; BASE-LEVEL FALL; CRUZ MOUNTAINS; BISHOP TUFF; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; DENUDATION RATES; SALTON TROUGH; NORTH-AMERICA AB Quantitative geomorphic analysis combined with cosmogenic nuclide Be-10-based geochronology and denudation rates have been used to further the understanding of the Quaternary landscape development of the Mecca Hills, a zone of transpressional uplift along the southern end of the San Andreas Fault, in southern California. The similar timing of convergent uplifts along the San Andreas Fault with the initiation of the sub-parallel San Jacinto Fault suggest a possible link between the two tectonic events. The ages of alluvial fans and the rates of catchment-wide denudation have been integrated to assess the relative influence of climate and tectonic uplift on the development of catchments within the Mecca Hills. Ages for major geomorphic surfaces based on Be-10 surface exposure dating of boulders and Be-10 depth profiles define the timing of surface stabilization to 2.6 +5.6/-1.3 ka (Qyf1 surface), 67.2 +/- 5.3 ka (Qvof2 surface), and 280 +/- 24 ka (Qvof1 surface). Comparison of Be-10 measurements from active channel deposits (Qac) and fluvial terraces (Qt) illustrate a complex history of erosion, sediment storage, and sediment transport in this environment. Beryllium-10 catchment-wide denudation rates range from 19.9 +/- 32 to 149 +/- 22.5 m/Ma and demonstrate strong correlations with mean catchment slope and with total active fault length normalized by catchment area. The lack of strong correlation with other geomorphic variables suggests that tectonic uplift and rock weakening have the greatest control. The currently measured topography and denudation rates across the Mecca Hills may be most consistent with a model of radial topographic growth in contrast to a model based on the rapid uplift and advection of crust. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, Harrison J.; Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gray, Harrison J.; Owen, Lewis A.; Dietsch, Craig] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Beck, Richard A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Caffee, Marc A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Finkel, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gray, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM harrison.gray@colorado.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; Gray, Harrison/0000-0002-4555-7473; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 116 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 105 BP 66 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.009 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AU8BU UT WOS:000345822500004 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Simmons, KR Schumann, RR Groves, LT DeVogel, SB Minor, SA Laurel, D AF Muhs, Daniel R. Simmons, Kathleen R. Schumann, R. Randall Groves, Lindsey T. DeVogel, Stephen B. Minor, Scott A. Laurel, DeAnna TI Coastal tectonics on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rim: late Quaternary sea-level history and uplift rates, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Marine terraces; Uplift rates; Sea-level history; Channel Islands; California; Uranium-series dating; Aminostratigraphy; Glacial-isostatic adjustment processes; Tectonics; Pacific Rim ID PLEISTOCENE MARINE TERRACES; MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; URANIUM-SERIES AGES; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; CORAL-REEF TERRACES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MEXICO AB The Pacific Rim is a region where tectonic processes play a significant role in coastal landscape evolution. Coastal California, on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rim, is very active tectonically and geomorphic expressions of this include uplifted marine terraces. There have been, however, conflicting estimates of the rate of late Quaternary uplift of marine terraces in coastal California, particularly for the northern Channel Islands. In the present study, the terraces on San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island were mapped and new age estimates were generated using uranium-series dating of fossil corals and amino acid geochronology of fossil mollusks. Results indicate that the 2nd terrace on both islands is similar to 120 ka and the 1st terrace on Santa Rosa Island is similar to 80 ka. These ages correspond to two global high-sea stands of the Last Interglacial complex, marine isotope stages (MIS) 5.5 and 5.1, respectively. The age estimates indicate that San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island have been tectonically uplifted at rates of 0.12-0.20 m/ka in the late Quaternary, similar to uplift rates inferred from previous studies on neighboring Santa Cruz Island. The newly estimated uplift rates for the northern Channel Islands are, however, an order of magnitude lower than a recent study that generated uplift rates from an offshore terrace dating to the Last Glacial period. The differences between the estimated uplift rates in the present study and the offshore study are explained by the magnitude of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effects that were not known at the time of the earlier study. Set in the larger context of northeastern Pacific Rim tectonics, Channel Islands uplift rates are higher than those coastal localities on the margin of the East Pacific Rise spreading center, but slightly lower than those of most localities adjacent to the Cascadia subduction zone. The uplift rates reported here for the northern Channel Islands are similar to those reported for most other localities where strike-slip tectonics are dominant, but lower than localities where restraining bends (such as the Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault) result in crustal shortening. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kathleen R.; Schumann, R. Randall; Minor, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Groves, Lindsey T.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Malacol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [DeVogel, Stephen B.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Amino Acid Geochronol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Laurel, DeAnna] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov OI Schumann, Randall/0000-0001-8158-6960 FU Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Geologic Records of High Sea Levels" Project. Sincere thanks go to the U.S. National Park Service, Channel Islands National Park, and Kate Faulkner in particular, for field access and logistical support. Ian Williams, George Roberts, Mark Senning, Ed Smith, Sarah Chaney, and Dave Begun (all U.S. National Park Service) were knowledgeable and gracious hosts who assisted with field work during our many trips to San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island. Special thanks go to Yvonne Menard and Mark Senning (both National Park Service) who helped measure terrace platform elevations near the Santa Rosa Island fault, Jeff Pigati (U.S. Geological Survey), who helped with elevation measurements and fossil collections, and Janice Lipeles (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Malacology volunteer), who picked through numerous sediment samples for micro-invertebrates. Paul Valentich-Scott (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History) kindly provided archived locality data for Phil Orr's fossil localities on Santa Rosa Island. Colin Murray-Wallace (University of Wollongong), Brendan Brooke (Geoscience Australia), John Wehmiller (University of Delaware), Jeff Pigati, Eugene Schweig, and Janet Slate (all U.S. Geological Survey) made helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, which we appreciate. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 118 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 105 BP 209 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.017 PG 30 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AU8BU UT WOS:000345822500014 ER PT J AU Assal, TJ Sibold, J Reich, R AF Assal, Timothy J. Sibold, Jason Reich, Robin TI Modeling a Historical Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Using Landsat MSS and Multiple Lines of Evidence SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Spectral Trajectory; Mountain Pine Beetle; Forest Disturbance; Tree Mortality; NDVI time series ID RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY; RED-ATTACK DAMAGE; GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BARK BEETLE; TREE MORTALITY; TIME-SERIES; RADIOMETRIC CORRECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB Mountain pine beetles are significant forest disturbance agents, capable of inducing widespread mortality in coniferous forests in western North America. Various remote sensing approaches have assessed the impacts of beetle outbreaks over the last two decades. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of historical mountain pine beetle outbreaks, including the 1970s event that impacted Glacier National Park. The lack of spatially explicit data on this disturbance represents both a major data gap and a critical research challenge in that wildfire has removed some of the evidence from the landscape. We utilized multiple lines of evidence to model forest canopy mortality as a proxy for outbreak severity. We incorporate historical aerial and landscape photos, aerial detection survey data, a nine-year collection of satellite imagery and abiotic data. This study presents a remote sensing based framework to (1) relate measurements of canopy mortality from fine-scale aerial photography to coarse-scale multispectral imagery and (2) classify the severity of mountain pine beetle affected areas using a temporal sequence of Landsat data and other landscape variables. We sampled canopy mortality in 261 plots from aerial photos and found that insect effects on mortality were evident in changes to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over time. We tested multiple spectral indices and found that a combination of NDVI and the green band resulted in the strongest model. We report a two-step process where we utilize a generalized least squares model to account for the large-scale variability in the data and a binary regression tree to describe the small-scale variability. The final model had a root mean square error estimate of 9.8% canopy mortality, a mean absolute error of 7.6% and an R-2 of 0.82. The results demonstrate that a model of percent canopy mortality as a continuous variable can be developed to identity a gradient of mountain pine beetle severity on the landscape. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Assal, Timothy J.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Assal, Timothy J.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sibold, Jason] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reich, Robin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Assal, TJ (reprint author), USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM assalt@usgs.gov OI Assal, Timothy/0000-0001-6342-2954 FU NPS grant through the Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit [IMR H1200090004] FX This research was supported by an NPS grant through the Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (IMR H1200090004), logistical support was provided by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, and satellite imagery provided by the USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center. We gratefully acknowledge Jeffrey Morisette and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank the following people for discussion on research direction and/or provision of data: Dennis Divoky, Sheree West, Jeff Hicke, Michael O'Donnell, Dan Manier, Alexandra Urza and Sayat Temirbekov. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 155 SI SI BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AU7TQ UT WOS:000345804200023 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Davis, JW Incardona, JP Stark, JD Anulacion, BF Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, J. K. Davis, J. W. Incardona, J. P. Stark, J. D. Anulacion, B. F. Scholz, N. L. TI Zebrafish and clean water technology: Assessing soil bioretention as a protective treatment for toxic urban runoff SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Low impact development; Green stormwater infrastructure; Highway runoff; Ecotoxicology; Developmental toxicity; Zebrafish; Embryos ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IMPACT DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DANIO-RERIO EMBRYOS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; CRUDE-OIL; CARDIAC TOXICITY; HEAVY-METALS; FISH EMBRYOS AB Urban stormwater contains a complex mixture of contaminants that can be acutely toxic to aquatic biota. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is a set of evolving technologies intended to reduce impacts on natural systems by slowing and filtering runoff. The extent to which GSI methods work as intended is usually assessed in terms of water quantity (hydrology) and quality (chemistry). Biological indicators of GSI effectiveness have received less attention, despite an overarching goal of protecting the health of aquatic species. Here we use the zebrafish (Daniorerio) experimental model to evaluate bioinfiltration as a relatively inexpensive technology for treating runoff from an urban highway with dense motor vehicle traffic. Zebrafish embryos exposed to untreated runoff (48-96 h; six storm events) displayed an array of developmental abnormalities, including delayed hatching, reduced growth, pericardial edema, microphthalmia (small eyes), and reduced swim bladder inflation. Three of the six storms were acutely lethal, and sublethal toxicity was evident across all storms, even when stormwater was diluted by as much as 95% in clean water. As anticipated from exposure to cardiotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), untreated runoff also caused heart failure, as indicated by circulatory stasis, pericardial edema, and looping defects. Bioretention treatment dramatically improved stormwater quality and reversed nearly all forms of developmental toxicity. The zebrafish model therefore provides a versatile experimental platform for rapidly assessing GSI effectiveness. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license C1 [McIntyre, J. K.; Stark, J. D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Davis, J. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Incardona, J. P.; Anulacion, B. F.; Scholz, N. L.] NOAA NMES, Northwest Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU US Fish & Wildlife Service (National Contaminants Program) [DW-14-95791701 - 1]; National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) [DW-14-95791701 - 1] FX This research was funded by a grant from the US EPA Region 10 (DW-14-95791701 - 1), with support from the US Fish & Wildlife Service (National Contaminants Program), and the National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program). Thanks to NOAA and USFWS employees who helped collect and treat runoff and to two anonymous reviewers for helping improve the manuscript. Conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 500 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.066 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6OX UT WOS:000345723100018 PM 25217993 ER PT J AU Garrison, VH Majewski, MS Konde, L Wolf, RE Otto, RD Tsuneoka, Y AF Garrison, V. H. Majewski, M. S. Konde, L. Wolf, R. E. Otto, R. D. Tsuneoka, Y. TI Inhalable desert dust, urban emissions, and potentially biotoxic metals in urban Saharan-Sahelian air SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sahara-Sahel; PM10; PM2.5; Elemental composition; Human health; Transition elements ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; MED-PARTICLES PROJECT; WEST-AFRICA; TRACE-METALS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HEAVY-METALS; AMBIENT AIR; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AB Saharan dust incursions and particulates emitted from human activities degrade air quality throughout West Africa, especially in the rapidly expanding urban centers in the region. Particulate matter (PM) that can be inhaled is strongly associated with increased incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer. Air samples collected in the capital of a Saharan-Sahelian country (Bamako, Mali) between September 2012 and July 2013 were found to contain inhalable PM concentrations that exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) PM2.5 and PM10 24-h limits 58 - 98% of days and European Union (EU) PM10 24-h limit 98% of days. Mean concentrations were 1.2-to-4.5 fold greater than existing limits. Inhalable PM was enriched in transition metals, known to produce reactive oxygen species and initiate the inflammatory response, and other potentially bioactive and biotoxic metals/metalloids. Eroded mineral dust composed the bulk of inhalable PM, whereas most enriched metals/metalloids were likely emitted from oil combustion, biomass burning, refuse incineration, vehicle traffic, and mining activities. Human exposure to inhalable PM and associated metals/metalloids over 24-h was estimated. The findings indicate that inhalable PM in the Sahara-Sahel region may present a threat to human health, especially in urban areas with greater inhalable PM and transition metal exposure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garrison, V. H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Majewski, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Konde, L.] US Embassy, Bamako, Mali. [Wolf, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Otto, R. D.] US Dept State, Off Med Serv, Washington, DC 20522 USA. [Tsuneoka, Y.] Embassy Japan Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Garrison, VH (reprint author), 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ginger_garrison@usgs.gov; majewski@usgs.gov; lacikonde.lk@gmail.com; rwolf@usgs.gov; ottord@state.gov; yutaka.tsuneoka@mofa.go.jp FU Dispatch Department (US Embassy Bamako, Mali); U.S. Geological Survey [Contaminants Biology, Ecosystems, and Fisheries (C. McIvor) Programs]; OS Embassy Bamako FX The authors thank the following individuals and agencies who provided valuable support to the project: A. Traore, O. Konipo, K. Briden, D. Diallo and the Dispatch Department (US Embassy Bamako, Mali); and B. Boynton. Thanks also to B. Lidz, P.Capel, and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the article. The NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) is acknowledged for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. The U.S. Geological Survey [Contaminants Biology, Ecosystems, and Fisheries (C. McIvor) Programs] provided project financial support, and the OS Embassy Bamako provided crucial in-kind support. Funding sponsors supported performance of the research and article preparation only and had no involvement in: study design, sample collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; report preparation or submission for publication. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government NR 125 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 500 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.106 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6OX UT WOS:000345723100038 PM 25243921 ER PT J AU Behney, AC O'Shaughnessy, R Eichholz, MW Stafford, JD AF Behney, Adam C. O'Shaughnessy, Ryan Eichholz, Michael W. Stafford, Joshua D. TI Influence of Item Distribution Pattern and Abundance on Efficiency of Benthic Core Sampling SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Accuracy; Bias; Detection probability; Invertebrate sampling; Seed sampling; Time-efficiency ID SOIL SEED BANK; DUCKS; PRECISION; FOOD; COMMUNITIES; WATERFOWL; ILLINOIS; RIVER; LAKES; MASS AB Core sampling is a commonly used method to estimate benthic item density, but little information exists about factors influencing the accuracy and time-efficiency of this method. We simulated core sampling in a Geographic Information System framework by generating points (benthic items) and polygons (core samplers) to assess how sample size (number of core samples), core sampler size (cm(2)), distribution of benthic items, and item density affected the bias and precision of estimates of density, the detection probability of items, and the time-costs. When items were distributed randomly versus clumped, bias decreased and precision increased with increasing sample size and increased slightly with increasing core sampler size. Bias and precision were only affected by benthic item density at very low values (500-1,000 items/m(2)). Detection probability (the probability of capturing a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 1 item in a core sample if it is available for sampling) was substantially greater when items were distributed randomly as opposed to clumped. Taking more small diameter core samples was always more time-efficient than taking fewer large diameter samples. We are unable to present a single, optimal sample size, but provide information for researchers and managers to derive optimal sample sizes dependent on their research goals and environmental conditions. C1 [Behney, Adam C.; O'Shaughnessy, Ryan; Eichholz, Michael W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Ecol, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Stafford, Joshua D.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Behney, AC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Ecol, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM abehney@siu.edu FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory at Southern Illinois University FX We wish to thank the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory at Southern Illinois University for funds and other resources. We also wish to thank H. Hagy and J. Straub for sharing their seed mass data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1121 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0570-x PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU4YC UT WOS:000345613300006 ER PT J AU McCauley, LA Anteau, MJ AF McCauley, Lisa A. Anteau, Michael J. TI Generating Nested Wetland Catchments with Readily-Available Digital Elevation Data May Improve Evaluations of Land-Use Change on Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Watershed delineation; Hydrological model; DEM; ArcHydro; LiDAR; IfSAR; National elevation dataset ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; URBANIZED LANDSCAPE; SPECIES RICHNESS; WATER-QUALITY; MODELS; DEPRESSIONS; LIDAR; AREA; CAROLINA; STREAMS AB The important ecosystem functions wetlands perform are influenced by land-use changes in their surrounding uplands and thus, identifying the upland area that flows into a wetland is important. We provide a method to define wetland catchments as the portion of the landscape that flows into a wetland; we allowed catchments to be nested and include other wetlands and their catchments, forming a hydrologic wetland complex. We generated catchments using multiple sources and resolutions of digital elevation data to evaluate whether catchment sizes generated from those data were similar. While non-contributing areas, or sinks, differed between elevation data sets, catchment areas were similar among high-resolution LiDAR- and IfSAR-derived data and readily available lower resolution data from the National Elevation Dataset. Accordingly, the higher-resolution DEM data, which may be expensive or not available, will not likely yield more accurate wetland catchment boundaries in flat or glaciated landscapes. We contend that this method to generate wetland catchments can be used to improve wetland studies where the location of a wetland within a catchment is important. Furthermore, the size of the catchment is important for understanding how wetlands respond to climate, land-use practices, and contamination. C1 [McCauley, Lisa A.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP McCauley, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs A105, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lmccauley@wisc.edu FU Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative and USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. We would like to thank Alex Lawton and Peter Mockus for GIS data assistance. Support and advice was provided by Erik Scherff, Wes Newton, Terry Shaffer, Jane Austin, Mark Sherfy, Mark Wiltermuth, and Josh Stafford. The International Water Institute provided LiDAR data and advice on methods. David Ward and Keith Metzger provided assistance in acquiring the IfSAR data. We thank David Jenkins and anonymous reviewers for their comments and improvements to this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1132 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0571-9 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU4YC UT WOS:000345613300007 ER PT J AU Fowler, DN King, SL Weindorf, DC AF Fowler, Drew N. King, Sammy L. Weindorf, David C. TI Evaluating Abiotic Influences on Soil Salinity of Inland Managed Wetlands and Agricultural Croplands in a Semi-Arid Environment SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Semi-arid wetlands; Soil salinity; Moist-soil management; Typic torrifluvent; EC; SAR ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; NEW-MEXICO; IRRIGATION; CONSEQUENCES; SODICITY; SYSTEM; RIVER; CORN AB Agriculture and moist-soil management are important management techniques used on wildlife refuges to provide adequate energy for migrant waterbirds. In semi-arid systems, the accumulation of soluble salts throughout the soil profile can limit total production of wetland plants and agronomic crops and thus jeopardize meeting waterbird energy needs. This study evaluates the effect of distinct hydrologic regimes associated with moist-soil management and agricultural production on salt accumulation in a semi-arid floodplain. We hypothesized that the frequency of flooding and quantity of floodwater in a moist-soil management hydroperiod results in a less saline soil profile compared to profiles under traditional agricultural management. Findings showed that agricultural croplands differed (p-value < 0.001, df = 9) in quantities of total soluble salts (TSS) compared to moist-soil impoundments and contained greater concentrations (TSS range = 1,160-1,750 (mg kg-1)) at depth greater than 55 cm below the surface of the profile, while moist-soil impoundments contained lower concentrations (TSS range = 307-531 (mg kg-1)) at the same depths. Increased salts in agricultural may be attributed to the lack of leaching afforded by smaller summer irrigations while larger periodic flooding events in winter and summer flood irrigations in moist-soil impoundments may serve as leaching events. C1 [Fowler, Drew N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Weindorf, David C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Fowler, DN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dnftgb@mail.missouri.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge; United States Geological Survey FX This project was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, and the United States Geological Survey with support also from the Friends of the Bosque. We thank J. Vradenburg, J. A. Nyman, and R. Finocchiaro for their critical insights. In addition, we extend gratitude to M. Kaller for statistical assistance. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. The use of trade, product, or industry firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1229 EP 1239 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0585-3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU4YC UT WOS:000345613300017 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Birge, HE Drakare, S McKie, BG Johnson, RK AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Birge, Hannah E. Drakare, Stina McKie, Brendan G. Johnson, Richard K. TI Assessing and managing freshwater ecosystems vulnerable to environmental change SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Global change; Resilience; Regime shifts; Monitoring; Management; Vulnerability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-TERM; RESPONSE DIVERSITY; REGIME SHIFTS; COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY RESPONSES; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; TEMPORAL SCALES; FOOD-WEB AB Freshwater ecosystems are important for global biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. There is consensus in the scientific literature that freshwater ecosystems are vulnerable to the impacts of environmental change, which may trigger irreversible regime shifts upon which biodiversity and ecosystem services may be lost. There are profound uncertainties regarding the management and assessment of the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to environmental change. Quantitative approaches are needed to reduce this uncertainty. We describe available statistical and modeling approaches along with case studies that demonstrate how resilience theory can be applied to aid decision-making in natural resources management. We highlight especially how long-term monitoring efforts combined with ecological theory can provide a novel nexus between ecological impact assessment and management, and the quantification of systemic vulnerability and thus the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change. C1 [Angeler, David G.; Drakare, Stina; McKie, Brendan G.; Johnson, Richard K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Birge, Hannah E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se; callen3@unl.edu; hbirge@gmail.com; stina.drakare@slu.se; brendan.mckie@slu.se; richard.johnson@slu.se RI Drakare, Stina/D-4532-2016 OI Drakare, Stina/0000-0002-7389-2105 FU Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV); Lakes and Watercourses Monitoring Program (FOMA-SLU); August T. Larsson Foundation (NJ Faculty, SLU); REFRESH (Adaptive Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Environmental change on European Freshwater Ecosystems) - European Union [244121]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Martyn Futter, Espen Lydersen, Glenn Skiles, and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive criticism on previous manuscript drafts. This work was supported by The Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV), the Lakes and Watercourses Monitoring Program (FOMA-SLU), the August T. Larsson Foundation (NJ Faculty, SLU), and the REFRESH (Adaptive Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Environmental change on European Freshwater Ecosystems, contract No. 244121, www.refresh.ucl.ac.uk/) project funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, Theme 6 (Environment including Climate change). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 SU 1 SI SI BP 113 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s13280-014-0566-z PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU0DB UT WOS:000345292300010 PM 25403974 ER PT J AU Aiello, CM Nussear, KE Walde, AD Esque, TC Emblidge, PG Sah, P Bansal, S Hudson, PJ AF Aiello, C. M. Nussear, K. E. Walde, A. D. Esque, T. C. Emblidge, P. G. Sah, P. Bansal, S. Hudson, P. J. TI Disease dynamics during wildlife translocations: disruptions to the host population and potential consequences for transmission in desert tortoise contact networks SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE translocation; disease risk; pathogen transmission dynamics; contact networks; desert tortoise; Mycoplasma ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SOCIAL NETWORKS; MOJAVE DESERT; TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; CONSERVATION TOOL; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HOME-RANGE; STRESS; INDIVIDUALS AB Wildlife managers consider animal translocation a means of increasing the viability of a local population. However, augmentation may disrupt existing resident disease dynamics and initiate an outbreak that would effectively offset any advantages the translocation may have achieved. This paper examines fundamental concepts of disease ecology and identifies the conditions that will increase the likelihood of a disease outbreak following translocation. We highlight the importance of susceptibility to infection, population size and population connectivity a characteristic likely affected by translocation but not often considered in risk assessments - in estimating outbreak risk due to translocation. We then explore these features in a species of conservation concern often translocated in the presence of infectious disease, the Mojave Desert tortoise, and use data from experimental tortoise translocations to detect changes in population connectivity that may influence pathogen transmission. Preliminary analyses comparing contact networks inferred from spatial data at control and translocation plots and infection simulation results through these networks suggest increased outbreak risk following translocation due to dispersal-driven changes in contact frequency and network structure. We outline future research goals to test these concepts and aid managers in designing effective risk assessment and intervention strategies that will improve translocation success. C1 [Aiello, C. M.; Nussear, K. E.; Esque, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Aiello, C. M.; Emblidge, P. G.; Hudson, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walde, A. D.] Walde Res & Environm Consulting, Atascadero, CA USA. [Sah, P.; Bansal, S.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Bansal, S.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Aiello, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM caiello@usgs.gov OI Sah, Pratha/0000-0001-8936-5871; Bansal, Shweta/0000-0002-1740-5421; Aiello, Christina/0000-0002-2399-5464 FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infections Diseases [1216054]; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, NIH; U.S. Department of Defense, Fort Irwin, California FX We thank W. Boarman, A. Peter Woodman and C. Everly for collaboration and logistical support. We thank R. Averill-Murray and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to improve the quality of this paper. Earlier versions of this paper benefitted from review and discussions with K. Drake, R. Inman, D. Shyrock, J. Germano, A. Berger, M. Walden and F. Chen. The content of this paper was stimulated by the collaboration and discussions of members of the desert tortoise disease assessment workgroup including N. Lamberski, B. Rideout, J. Simecka, R. Swaisgood, C. R. Tracy and several others. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infections Diseases grant #1216054 Invasion and Infection: Translocation and Transmission: An Experimental Study with Mycoplasma in Desert Tortoises. P. J. H. and S. B. acknowledge the support and stimulation from the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the Fogarty International Center, NIH. Desert tortoise translocation research was conducted under California Fish and Game and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permits and funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, Fort Irwin, California. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 17 SU 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1111/acv.12147 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT8XS UT WOS:000345213000004 ER PT J AU Burton, FJ Rivera-Milan, FF AF Burton, F. J. Rivera-Milan, F. F. TI Monitoring a population of translocated Grand Cayman blue iguanas: assessing the accuracy and precision of distance sampling and repeated counts SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Cyclura lewisi; population density estimate; distance sampling; population monitoring; repeated counts; restoration; rock iguanas; translocation ID CYCLURA-CORNUTA-STEJNEGERI; SPATIAL ECOLOGY; SOFTWARE; DESIGN; WORK; SIZE AB In wildlife translocations, it is important to identify reliable monitoring methods that can provide accurate population estimates for post-release management. We compared density and abundance estimates of distance sampling and repeated counts with complete counts (census data) to determine accuracy (percentage relative bias) and precision (coefficient of variation) for monitoring populations of blue iguanas restored to protected areas on Grand Cayman. We conducted incomplete counts (survey data) of blue iguanas at 12 transects of unequal length (range = 322.1 to 431.7 m) visited 36 times per year, yielding 405 detections in March 2010 and 443 detections in March 2013. Distance sampling and repeated counts provided accurate (range of percentage relative bias = -9.52% to 0.00%) and precise (range of coefficient of variation = 0.10 to 0.15) estimates of iguana density and abundance, and yielded an estimate of the proportion of individuals that were available for detection in the study area during the surveys ((P) over cap (a) = 0.88, se = 0.03). The use of distance sampling and repeated count methods, in carefully designed surveys with representative coverage and adequate replication, can lead to more reliable monitoring of extant wild and translocated rock iguana populations on other Caribbean islands, where individual marking may not be practical, and the proportion of individuals that is available for detection is unknown. C1 [Burton, F. J.] Blue Iguana Recovery Programme, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, Spain. [Rivera-Milan, F. F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. RP Burton, FJ (reprint author), Blue Iguana Recovery Programme, POB 10308,KY1-1003, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, Spain. EM fjburton@blueiguana.ky FU Geenlight Re FX We thank D. Bell, L. Casolino, C. Easby, J. Freeman, M. Goetz, C. Lee, M. Rasmussen, C. Robertson, P. So, C. Stine and S. Whitaker who (with the first author) constituted the iguana survey teams in 2010 and 2013. Geenlight Re (a reinsurance company based in the Cayman Islands and Ireland) provided financial support throughout. Roger and Mary Bumgarner provided free accommodation for the survey teams. The Blue Iguana Recovery Program is a program of the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, with local and international partners. Products and commercial technologies mentioned in this article are not necessarily endorsed by our organizations. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 17 SU 1 SI SI BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1111/acv.12148 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT8XS UT WOS:000345213000005 ER PT J AU Shelton, JL McIntosh, JC Warwick, PD Yi, ALZ AF Shelton, Jenna L. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Warwick, Peter D. Yi, Amelia Lee Zhi TI Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial-brine-rock-CO2 interactions SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BONDYUZHSKOE OIL-FIELD; GROUP PALEOCENE-EOCENE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NATURAL-GAS; CRUDE-OIL; OF-MEXICO; METHANE PRODUCTION; SULFATE REDUCERS; DEEP SUBSURFACE; COALBED GAS AB The "2800' sandstone'' of the Olla oil field is an oil and gas-producing reservoir in a coal-bearing interval of the Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox Group in north-central Louisiana, USA. In the 1980s, this producing unit was flooded with CO2 in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, leaving similar to 30% of the injected CO2 in the 2800' sandstone post-injection. This study utilizes isotopic and geochemical tracers from co-produced natural gas, oil and brine to determine the fate of the injected CO2, including the possibility of enhanced microbial conversion of CO2 to CH4 via methanogenesis. Stable carbon isotopes of CO2, CH4 and DIC, together with mol% CO2 show that 4 out of 17 wells sampled in the 2800' sandstone are still producing injected CO2. The dominant fate of the injected CO2 appears to be dissolution in formation fluids and gas-phase trapping. There is some isotopic and geochemical evidence for enhanced microbial methanogenesis in 2 samples; however, the CO2 spread unevenly throughout the reservoir, and thus cannot explain the elevated indicators for methanogenesis observed across the entire field. Vertical migration out of the target 2800' sandstone reservoir is also apparent in 3 samples located stratigraphically above the target sand. Reservoirs comparable to the 2800' sandstone, located along a 90-km transect, were also sampled to investigate regional trends in gas composition, brine chemistry and microbial activity. Microbial methane, likely sourced from biodegradation of organic substrates within the formation, was found in all oil fields sampled, while indicators of methanogenesis (e.g. high alkalinity, delta C-13-CO2 and delta C-13-DIC values) and oxidation of propane were greatest in the Olla Field, likely due to its more ideal environmental conditions (i.e. suitable range of pH, temperature, salinity, sulfate and iron concentrations). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shelton, Jenna L.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Shelton, Jenna L.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.; Warwick, Peter D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Yi, Amelia Lee Zhi] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Shelton, JL (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jshelton@mymail.mines.edu OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 FU U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Sequestration Project - Unconventional Reservoirs Task; American Association of Petroleum Geologists'; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant program; Geological Society of America's Coal Division; University of Arizona FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Sequestration Project - Unconventional Reservoirs Task for providing the major source of funding for this research. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists' Grants-In-Aid program, the Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant program, the Geological Society of America's Coal Division, and the University of Arizona provided additional funding to support this research. This research would not have been possible without access to producing wells, granted by XTO Energy, TDX Energy, AJ&J Thornton Oil, and Chesapeake Energy. Special thanks goes to M. Corum, T. Corley, M. Ganey, C. Eastoe, A. Warden, D. Ritter, C. Pantano, D. Vinson, and B. Chrisman for analytical assistance and/or helpful discussions. We also thank R. Burruss and three anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.015 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU1UL UT WOS:000345405400016 ER PT J AU Odigie, KO Cohen, AS Swarzenski, PW Flegal, AR AF Odigie, Kingsley O. Cohen, Andrew S. Swarzenski, Peter W. Flegal, A. Russell TI Using lead isotopes and trace element records from two contrasting Lake Tanganyika sediment cores to assess watershed - Lake exchange SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; GASOLINE EMISSIONS; SOIL-EROSION; POLLUTION; ZAMBIA; CONTAMINATION; CALIFORNIA; CADMIUM AB Lead isotopic and trace element records of two contrasting sediment cores were examined to reconstruct historic, industrial contaminant inputs to Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Observed fluxes of Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in age-dated sediments collected from the lake varied both spatially and temporally over the past two to four centuries. The fluxes of trace elements were lower (up to 10-fold) at a mid-lake site (MC1) than at a nearshore site (LT-98-58), which is directly downstream from the Kahama and Nyasanga River watersheds and adjacent to the relatively pristine Gombe Stream National Park. Trace element fluxes at that nearshore site did not measurably change over the last two centuries (1815-1998), while the distal, mid-lake site exhibited substantial changes in the fluxes of trace elements - likely caused by changes in land use - over that period. For example, the flux of Pb increased by similar to 300% from 1871 to 1991. That apparent accelerated weathering and detrital mobilization of lithogenic trace elements was further evidenced by (i) positive correlations (r = 0.77-0.99, p < 0.05) between the fluxes of Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn and those of iron (Fe) at both sites, (ii) positive correlations (r = 0.82-0.98, p < 0.01, n = 9) between the fluxes of elements (Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and the mass accumulation rates at the offshore site, (iii) the low enrichment factors (EF < 5) of those trace elements, and (iv) the temporal consistencies of the isotopic composition of Pb in the sediment. These measurements indicate that accelerated weathering, rather than industrialization, accounts for most of the increases in trace element fluxes to Lake Tanganyika in spite of the development of mining and smelting operations within the lake's watershed over the past century. The data also indicate that the mid-lake site is a much more sensitive and useful recorder of environmental changes than the nearshore site. Furthermore, the lead isotopic compositions of sediment at the sites differed spatially, indicating that the Pb (and other trace elements by association) originated from different natural sources at the two locations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Odigie, Kingsley O.; Flegal, A. Russell] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, WIGS Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Odigie, KO (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, WIGS Lab, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kodigie@ucsc.edu RI Odigie, Kingsley/I-2040-2013 FU NSF [NSF-ATM0223920]; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program FX The authors are grateful to Christopher H. Conaway, Celine Gallon, Christina Richardson, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions to earlier drafts of this manuscript; Rob Franks of UCSC for analytical support; and all members of the UCSC WIGS Laboratory, especially Sharon Hibdon, for their support with this project. Cores described in this project were collected with support from the Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project and the NSF-supported Nyanza Project (NSF-ATM0223920). This work was partly supported by Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program. All opinions expressed in this work are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the DOE Office of Science. PWS thanks the USGS CMG Program for continued support. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.007 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU1UL UT WOS:000345405400018 ER PT J AU Densmore, JN Izbicki, JA Murtaugh, JM Swarzenski, PW Bullen, TD AF Densmore, Jill N. Izbicki, John A. Murtaugh, Joseph M. Swarzenski, Peter W. Bullen, Thomas D. TI Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; MOJAVE DESERT; GROUNDWATER; USA; SPECIATION; RA-226; RN-222; WATER AB The unadjusted 72-h gross alpha activities in water from two wells completed in marine and alluvial deposits in a coastal southern California aquifer 40 km north of San Diego were 15 and 25 picoCuries per liter (pCi/L). Although activities were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 15 pCi/L, when adjusted for uranium activity; there is concern that new wells in the area may exceed MCLs, or that future regulations may limit water use from the wells. Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data collected from the wells in 2011 (with analyses for isotopes within the uranium, actinium, and thorium decay-chains) show gross alpha activity in marine deposits is associated with decay of naturally-occurring U-238 and its daughter U-234. Radon activities in marine deposits were as high as 2230 pCi/L. In contrast, gross alpha activities in overlying alluvium within the Piedra de Lumbre watershed, eroded from the nearby San Onofre Hills, were associated with decay of Th-232, including its daughter Ra-224. Radon activities in alluvium from Piedra de Lumbre of 450 pCi/L were lower than in marine deposits. Chromium VI concentrations in marine deposits were less than the California MCL of 10 mu g/L (effective July 1, 2014) but delta Cr-53 compositions were near zero and within reported ranges for anthropogenic chromium. Alluvial deposits from the nearby Las Flores watershed, which drains a larger area having diverse geology, has low alpha activities and chromium as a result of geologic and geochemical conditions and may be more promising for future water-supply development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Densmore, Jill N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Murtaugh, Joseph M.] MCIWEST MCB CPEN, CHMM, MCB Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Densmore, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jidensmo@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 BP 204 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU1UL UT WOS:000345405400020 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Oki, DS Johnson, AG Barber, LB Beisner, KR AF Tillman, Fred D. Oki, Delwyn S. Johnson, Adam G. Barber, Larry B. Beisner, Kimberly R. TI Investigation of geochemical indicators to evaluate the connection between inland and coastal groundwater systems near Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; REGIONAL HYDROLOGY; SR-87/SR-86; TRACERS; WATER; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; SEAWATER; ELEMENTS; RECHARGE AB Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO) is a coastal sanctuary on the western side of the Island of Hawai'i that was established in 1978 to preserve, interpret, and perpetuate traditional Native Hawaiian culture and activities. KAHO contains a variety of culturally and ecologically significant water resources and water-related habitat for species that have been declared as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or are candidate threatened or endangered species. These habitats are dependent on coastal unconfined groundwater in a freshwater-lens system. The coastal unconfined-groundwater system is recharged by local infiltration of rainfall but also may receive recharge from an inland groundwater system containing groundwater impounded to high altitudes. The area inland of and near KAHO is being rapidly urbanized and increased groundwater withdrawals from the inland impounded-groundwater system may affect habitat and water quality in KAHO, depending on the extent of connection between the coastal unconfined groundwater and inland impounded-groundwater. An investigation of the geochemistry of surface-water and groundwater samples in and near KAHO was performed to evaluate the presence or absence of a connection between the inland impounded-and coastal unconfined-groundwater systems in the area. Analyses of major ions, selected trace elements, rare-earth elements, and strontium-isotope ratio results from ocean, fishpond, anchialine pool, and groundwater samples were consistent with a linear mixing process between the inland impounded and coastal unconfined-groundwater systems. Stable isotopes of water in many samples from the coastal unconfined-groundwater system require an aggregate recharge altitude that is substantially higher than the boundary between the coastal unconfined and inland impounded systems, a further indication of a hydrologic connection between the two systems. The stable isotope composition of the freshwater component of water samples from KAHO indicates that about 25-70% of the freshwater is derived from the inland impounded system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.; Beisner, Kimberly R.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Oki, Delwyn S.; Johnson, Adam G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov; dsoki@usgs.gov; ajohnson@usgs.gov; lbbarber@usgs.gov; kbeisner@usgs.gov OI Beisner, Kimberly/0000-0002-2077-6899; Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU Hawai'i State Commission on Water Resource Management; National Park Service-USGS Water Quality Partnership; National Park Service FX This project was supported by the Hawai'i State Commission on Water Resource Management, the National Park Service-USGS Water Quality Partnership, and the National Park Service. Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park staff including Sallie Beavers and Richard Paikuli-Campbell, among others, provided logistical support and laboratory space. Stephen Bowles, who has since passed away, and David Barnes of Waimea Water Services, Inc., provided assistance in sampling Kohanaiki wells. Tom Nance of Tom Nance Water Resource Engineering provided access to, and data from, the Kamakana Well. R.F. (Bob) Ravenscraft and Steve Midgley of Hawai'i Department of Water Supply provided access and assistance in sampling production wells. Keith Olson of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawai'i provided sampling supplies, equipment, and deep-ocean stable isotope data. Kathy Billings, Jill Wagner, Tom Shockley, and Carol and Mark Solien permitted precipitation collectors to be placed on their property. MaryLynn Musgrove, Tom Bullen, Michael Rosen, and Megan Young of the U.S. Geological Survey provided advice and direction before and during water-chemistry analysis and interpretation. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 BP 278 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.003 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU1UL UT WOS:000345405400026 ER PT J AU Ellefsen, KJ Smith, DB Horton, JD AF Ellefsen, Karl J. Smith, David B. Horton, John D. TI A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A modified procedure is proposed for mixture-model clustering of regional-scale geochemical data. The key modification is the robust principal component transformation of the isometric log-ratio transforms of the element concentrations. This principal component transformation and the associated dimension reduction are applied before the data are clustered. The principal advantage of this modification is that it significantly improves the stability of the clustering. The principal disadvantage is that it requires subjective selection of the number of clusters and the number of principal components. To evaluate the efficacy of this modified procedure, it is applied to soil geochemical data that comprise 959 samples from the state of Colorado (USA) for which the concentrations of 44 elements are measured. The distributions of element concentrations that are derived from the mixture model and from the field samples are similar, indicating that the mixture model is a suitable representation of the transformed geochemical data. Each cluster and the associated distributions of the element concentrations are related to specific geologic and anthropogenic features. In this way, mixture model clustering facilitates interpretation of the regional geochemical data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ellefsen, Karl J.; Smith, David B.; Horton, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ellefsen@usgs.gov; dsmith@usgs.gov; jhorton@usgs.gov FU Geochemical Landscapes Project within the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Geochemical Landscapes Project within the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. E. Grunsky, R. Garrett, M. Templ, and an anonymous reviewer suggested improvements and corrections to this article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.011 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU1UL UT WOS:000345405400029 ER PT J AU Krebs, CJ Bryant, J Kielland, K O'Donoghue, M Doyle, F Carriere, S DiFolco, D Berg, N Boonstra, R Boutin, S Kenney, AJ Reid, DG Bodony, K Putera, J Timm, HK Burke, T Maier, JAK Golden, H AF Krebs, Charles J. Bryant, John Kielland, Knut O'Donoghue, Mark Doyle, Frank Carriere, Suzanne DiFolco, Donna Berg, Nathan Boonstra, Rudy Boutin, Stan Kenney, Alice J. Reid, Donald G. Bodony, Karin Putera, Judy Timm, Henry K. Burke, Toby Maier, Julie A. K. Golden, Howard TI What factors determine cyclic amplitude in the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snowshoe hare; Lepus americanus; 10 year cycle; boreal forest; predation; Canada lynx; Lynx canadensis; succession; secondary chemicals; weather ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PAPYRIFERIC ACID; INTERIOR ALASKA; PAPER BIRCH; LYNX; FOOD; PREDATION; RESPONSES; COYOTES; DENSITY AB Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) fluctuate in 9-10 year cycles throughout much of their North American range. These cycles show large variations in cyclic amplitude and we ask what factors could cause amplitude variation. We gathered data from 1976 to 2012 on hare numbers in the boreal forest of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and northern British Columbia to describe the amplitude of hare fluctuations and to evaluate four possible causes. First, weather could cause variation in amplitude via hare reproduction or survival, but this mechanism does not fit our data. Second, bottom-up processes involving forest succession could explain amplitude variation through changes in winter forage availability, but succession is too slow a variable in our study areas. Third, plant defenses entrained by hare over-browsing in one cycle can produce variation in plant quality and quantity in subsequent cycles. A mathematical model suggests this is a possible explanation. Fourth, predator recovery following the cyclic low is inversely related to hare cyclic amplitude, and the existing data are consistent with this mechanism. A standardized regional monitoring program is needed to improve our understanding of cyclic amplitude variation in hares and the possible role of predators and winter foods in affecting amplitude. C1 [Krebs, Charles J.; Kenney, Alice J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bryant, John; Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [O'Donoghue, Mark] Yukon Fish & Wildlife Branch, Mayo, YT Y0B 1M0, Canada. [Doyle, Frank] Wildlife Dynam Consulting, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada. [Carriere, Suzanne] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada. [DiFolco, Donna] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Berg, Nathan; Timm, Henry K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tok, AK 99780 USA. [Boonstra, Rudy] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Boutin, Stan] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Reid, Donald G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5P7, Canada. [Bodony, Karin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Galena, AK 99741 USA. [Putera, Judy] Natl Pk Serv, Copper Ctr, AK 99573 USA. [Burke, Toby] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Maier, Julie A. K.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Golden, Howard] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Krebs, CJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM krebs@zoology.ubc.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Forest Renewal BC (through Babine Forest Products); Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management; Ministry of Forests FX We thank all who have gathered these long-term data and allowed them to be incorporated into this synthesis. In particular we thank the personnel of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service working at the Alaskan sites, and the biologists and wildlife monitors in Yukon and Northwest Territories who have contributed their time and energy in these surveys. C. McIntyre provided data from Denali National Park. E. Hofer assisted in the Kluane live-trapping program. Research funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. In British Columbia, monitoring was funded by Forest Renewal BC (through Babine Forest Products), the Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, and the Ministry of Forests, in support of D. Reid and F. Doyle. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 78 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0159 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AU4ZR UT WOS:000345617300006 ER PT J AU Lardner, B Savidge, JA Reed, RN Rodda, GH AF Lardner, Bjoern Savidge, Julie A. Reed, Robert N. Rodda, Gordon H. TI Movements and Activity of Juvenile Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NERODIA-SIPEDON; TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY; PREDATION ATTEMPT; HABITAT USE; TREE SNAKE; HOME-RANGE; GUAM; PREY; BEHAVIOR AB Understanding the spatial ecology and foraging strategy of invasive animals is essential for success in control or eradication. We studied movements and activity in juvenile Brown Treesnakes on Guam, as this population segment has proven particularly difficult to control. Distance between daytime refugia (from telemetry of 18 juveniles, 423-800 mm snout-vent length) ranged from 0-118 m (n = 86), with a grand mean of 43 m. There were tendencies for shorter snake movements on nights directly following a full moon and on dry nights, but variation among snakes was of a larger magnitude and would greatly reduce chances to detect moon or rain effects unless corrected for. Snake activity was estimated from audio recordings of signals from "tipping'' radio transmitters, analyzed for pulse period and amplitude. Activity was highest in the hours immediately after sunset, and gradually declined throughout the night before dropping abruptly in conjunction with sunrise. Snake activity was higher on rainy nights, and tended to be highest during waning moons and when the moon was below the horizon. We conclude that small Brown Treesnakes forage actively and appear to move far enough to regularly encounter the traps and bait used on Guam for control purposes, suggesting that alternative explanations are required for their low capture rates with these control tools. C1 [Lardner, Bjoern; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reed, Robert N.; Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lardner, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Bjorn.Lardner@ColoState.edu; Julie.Savidge@ColoState.edu; reedr@usgs.gov; roddag@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs FX V. san Nicholas kindly allowed us access to the field site. Field assistance was provided by E. Wostl and M. Cook. A. Yackel Adams and P. Andreadis helped improve the manuscript. S. Siers helped format the figures. The U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs provided financial support. This study was approved under Colorado State University IACUC 11-2845A. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC PY 2014 IS 3 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1643/CE-14-050 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AU3OR UT WOS:000345523700002 ER PT J AU de Ronde, CEJ Hein, JR Butterfield, DA AF de Ronde, C. E. J. Hein, J. R. Butterfield, D. A. TI Metallogenesis and Mineralization of Intraoceanic Arcs II: The Aeolian, Izu-Bonin, Mariana, and Kermadec Arcs, and the Manus Backarc Basin-Introduction SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBMARINE VOLCANO; NEW-ZEALAND C1 [de Ronde, C. E. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP de Ronde, CEJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30-368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM Cornel.deRonde@gns.cri.nz RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 109 IS 8 BP 2073 EP 2077 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU3XY UT WOS:000345545100001 ER PT J AU Hein, JR de Ronde, CEJ Koski, RA Ditchburn, RG Mizell, K Tamura, Y Stern, RJ Conrad, TA Ishizuka, O Leybourne, MI AF Hein, James R. de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Koski, Randolph A. Ditchburn, Robert G. Mizell, Kira Tamura, Yoshihiko Stern, Robert J. Conrad, Tracey A. Ishizuka, Osamu Leybourne, Matthew I. TI Layered Hydrothermal Barite-Sulfide Mound Field, East Diamante Caldera, Mariana Volcanic Arc SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK SMOKER CHIMNEYS; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; BACK-ARC; KERMADEC ARC; DEPOSITS; SULFATE; FLUIDS; GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY AB East Diamante is a submarine volcano in the southern Mariana arc that is host to a complex caldera similar to 5 X 10 km (elongated ENE-WSW) that is breached along its northern and southwestern sectors. A large field of barite-sulfide mounds was discovered in June 2009 and revisited in July 2010 with the R/V Natsushima, using the ROV Hyper-Dolphin. The mound field occurs on the northeast flank of a cluster of resurgent dacite domes in the central caldera, near an active black smoker vent field. A Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 20,000 +/- 4000 years was obtained from a dacite sample. The mound field is aligned along a series of fractures and extends for more than 180 m east-west and >120 m north-south. Individual mounds are typically 1 to 3 m tall and 0.5 to 2 m wide, with lengths from about 3 to 8 m. The mounds are dominated by barite + sphalerite layers with the margins of each layer composed of barite with disseminated sulfides. Rare, inactive spires and chimneys sit atop some mounds and also occur as clusters away from the mounds. Iron and Mn oxides are currently forming small (<1-m diam, similar to 0.5-m tall) knolls on the top surface of some of the barite-sulfide mounds and may also drape their flanks. Both diffusely and focused fluids emanate from the small oxide knolls. Radiometric ages of the layered barite-sulfide mounds and chimneys vary from similar to 3,920 to 3,350 years. One layer, from an outcrop of 10- to 100-cm-thick Cu-rich layers, is notably younger with an age of 2,180 years. The Fe-Mn oxides were <5 years old at the time of collection in 2009. Most mound, chimney, and layered outcrop samples are dominated by barite, silica, and sphalerite; other sulfides, in decreasing order of abundance, are galena, chalcopyrite, and rare pyrite. Anglesite, cerussite, and unidentified Pb oxychloride and Pb phosphate minerals occur as late-stage interstitial phases. The samples contain high Zn (up to 23 wt %), Pb (to 16 wt %), Ag (to 487 ppm), and Au (to 19 ppm) contents. Some layered outcrop samples are dominated by chalcopyrite resulting in <= 4.78 wt % Cu in a bulk sample (28 wt % for a single lens), with a mean of 0.28 wt % for other samples. Other significant metal enrichments are Sb (to 1,320 ppm), Cd (to 1,150 ppm), and Hg (to 55 ppm). The East Diamante mound field has a unique set of characteristics compared to other hydrothermal sites in the Mariana arc and elsewhere. The geochemical differences may predominantly reflect the distribution of fractures and faults and consequently the rock/water ratio, temperature of the fluid in the upper parts of the circulation system, and extensive and prolonged mixing with seawater. The location of mineralization is controlled by fractures. Following resurgent doming within the caldera, mineralization resulted from focused flow along small segments of linear fractures rather than from a point source, typical of hydrothermal chimney fields. Based on the mineral assemblage, the maximum fluid temperatures were similar to 260 degrees C, near the boiling point for the water depths of the mound field (367-406 m). Lateral fluid flow within the mounds precipitated interstitial sphalerite, silica, and Pb minerals within a network of barite with disseminated sulfides; silica was the final phase to precipitate. The current low-temperature precipitation of Fe and Mn oxides and silica may represent rejuvenation of the system. C1 [Hein, James R.; Mizell, Kira; Conrad, Tracey A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Ditchburn, Robert G.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Koski, Randolph A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tamura, Yoshihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Stern, Robert J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Geosci Dept, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Ishizuka, Osamu] Geol Survey Japan, AIST, Inst Geosci, Tsukuba 3058567, Japan. [Leybourne, Matthew I.] ALS Minerals, N Vancouver, BC V7H 0A7, Canada. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 20 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 109 IS 8 BP 2179 EP 2206 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU3XY UT WOS:000345545100007 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Liang, XZ Gao, W Stohlgren, TJ AF Liu, Shuyan Liang, Xin-Zhong Gao, Wei Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Regional climate model downscaling may improve the prediction of alien plant species distributions SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; species distribution model; Maxent; downscaling ID UNITED-STATES; HABITAT SUITABILITY; SAMPLE-SIZE; NEAR-TERM; RANGE; ACCURACY; IMPACTS; FUTURE; PROJECTIONS; INVASIONS AB Distributions of invasive species are commonly predicted with species distribution models that build upon the statistical relationships between observed species presence data and climate data. We used field observations, climate station data, and Maximum Entropy species distribution models for 13 invasive plant species in the United States, and then compared the models with inputs from a General Circulation Model (hereafter GCM-based models) and a downscaled Regional Climate Model (hereafter, RCM-based models).We also compared species distributions based on either GCM-based or RCM-based models for the present (1990-1999) to the future (2046-2055). RCM-based species distribution models replicated observed distributions remarkably better than GCM-based models for all invasive species under the current climate. This was shown for the presence locations of the species, and by using four common statistical metrics to compare modeled distributions. For two widespread invasive taxa (Bromus tectorum or cheatgrass, and Tamarix spp. or tamarisk), GCM-based models failed miserably to reproduce observed species distributions. In contrast, RCM-based species distribution models closely matched observations. Future species distributions may be significantly affected by using GCM-based inputs. Because invasive plants species often show high resilience and low rates of local extinction, RCM-based species distribution models may perform better than GCM-based species distribution models for planning containment programs for invasive species. C1 [Liu, Shuyan; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU USDA CSREES/NRI [2008-35615-04666]; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center FX This research was supported by USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666. The TJS contribution was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies and the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. Any use of trade, produce, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 457 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s11707-014-0457-4 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU1OI UT WOS:000345389600001 ER PT J AU Irons, TP Li, YG AF Irons, Trevor P. Li, Yaoguo TI Pulse and Fourier transform surface nuclear magnetic resonance: comprehensive modelling and inversion incorporating complex data and static dephasing dynamics SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical solutions; Fourier analysis; Inverse theory; Electromagnetic theory; Magnetic and electrical properties; Hydrogeophysics ID AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION; SOUNDING MEASUREMENTS; NMR DATA; MRS; SIGNALS; DECAY; WATER; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTIVITY; SCHEME AB We present in this paper an alternative approach to modelling and inversion of surface nuclear magnetic resonance (sNMR) data that has numerous attractive characteristics. By considering the forward and inverse problem in the frequency-domain (FD) it is possible to heavily truncate the band-limited data set with no appreciable loss of information. Furthermore, it introduces a natural method of signal demodulating and sidesteps the rotating frame transformation, which can be difficult to apply to large volumes. By instead remaining in the laboratory frame, phase shifts due to off-resonance transmission and static variation in the Larmor frequencies become simpler to account for. For these reasons, we present the first practical scheme for comprehensively inverting the complex sNMR data set. The use of complex data allows for improved depth and decay constant resolution. However, it requires the knowledge of subsurface electrical conductivity, and by corollary the ability to accurately model those effects in the sNMR record. Finally, the complex FD signal is sensitive to dephasing of the sNMR record due to static magnetic field inhomogeneity. We illustrate the ability to detect dephasing in synthetic and field data and demonstrate an effective inversion which is able to solve for static dephasing effects. This results in better estimation of meaningful decay constants as well as reduced error in extrapolated initial signal amplitude. Both of these parameters are critical for using sNMR in applications requiring estimation of hydraulic parameters. C1 [Irons, Trevor P.; Li, Yaoguo] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Ctr Grav Elect & Magnet Studies, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Irons, Trevor P.] XRI Geophys, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Irons, Trevor P.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Irons, TP (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Ctr Grav Elect & Magnet Studies, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Trevor.Irons@xrigeo.com FU Center for Gravity & Magnetics Research Consortium (GMRC) at the Colorado School of Mines; US Army Corps. Engineer Research and Development Center FX This work was funded in part by the Center for Gravity & Magnetics Research Consortium (GMRC) at the Colorado School of Mines as well as the US Army Corps. Engineer Research and Development Center. Additional assistance was provided by the USGS and XRI Geophysics. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 199 IS 3 BP 1372 EP 1394 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu323 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU3JT UT WOS:000345509800006 ER PT J AU Bouckaert, EK Auer, NA Roseman, EF Boase, J AF Bouckaert, E. K. Auer, N. A. Roseman, E. F. Boase, J. TI Verifying success of artificial spawning reefs in the St. Clair-Detroit River System for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Sturgeons - Sturgeons, Science and Society at the Cross-Roads - Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Nanaimo, CANADA SP Vancouver Isl Univ, WSCS ID DES-PRAIRIES; HABITAT; MICHIGAN; QUEBEC AB Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) were historically abundant in the St. Clair - Detroit River System (SCDRS), a 160km river/channel network. In the SCDRS, lake sturgeon populations have been negatively affected by the loss/degradation of natural spawning habitat. To address habitat loss for lake sturgeon and other species, efforts are underway to restore spawning substrate by constructing artificial reefs. The main objective of this study was to conduct post-construction monitoring of lake sturgeon egg deposition and larval emergence near two of these artificial reefs: Fighting Island Reef (FIR) in the Detroit River, and Middle Channel Reef in the St. Clair River. An additional site in the St. Clair River where lake sturgeon spawn on a coal clinker bed was also investigated. From 2010 to 2012, viable eggs and larvae were collected from all of these reefs, indicating that conditions are suitable for egg deposition, incubation, and larval emergence. In the St. Clair River, the results indicate the likelihood of other spawning sites upstream of these artificial reef sites. C1 [Bouckaert, E. K.; Auer, N. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Roseman, E. F.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Boase, J.] USFWS Alpena Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Waterford Substn, Waterford, MI USA. RP Bouckaert, EK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM ekboucka@mtu.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 SI SI BP 1393 EP 1401 DI 10.1111/jai.12603 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU4NO UT WOS:000345588500041 ER PT J AU Sulak, KJ Randall, MT Clugston, JP AF Sulak, K. J. Randall, M. T. Clugston, J. P. TI Survival of hatchery Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Mitchill, 1815) in the Suwannee River, Florida: A 19-year evaluation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Sturgeons - Sturgeons, Science and Society at the Cross-Roads - Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Nanaimo, CANADA SP Vancouver Isl Univ, WSCS ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; SAN-JOAQUIN ESTUARY; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; STOCK-ENHANCEMENT; SPAWNING SITE; YELLOW-RIVER; BREVIROSTRUM; MANAGEMENT AB An experimental release of 1192 hatchery-reared, individually PIT tagged, 220days old (296-337mm TL) Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, was undertaken in 1992 in the Suwannee River, Florida. The original objectives of the 1992 release experiment were to: (1) evaluate survival rate of cultured Gulf sturgeon in the wild vs survival rate of their wild 1992 cohort counterparts, (2) determine the differential effect of release site within the river upon long-term survival, and (3) evaluate comparative growth rates of recaptured hatchery vs captured wild 1992 cohort Gulf sturgeon. The present investigation addressed those original objectives, plus an additional fourth objective: (4) evaluation of hatchery fish recapture rate change over the 19-year experiment. The primary objective was to determine efficacy of potential conservation aquaculture for this species in terms of long-term survival in the wild. Follow-up 1993-2011 gill net sampling in freshwater reaches (rkm 4-237) and the estuarine river mouth (rkm -6 to 4) yielded recaptures representing 13.0% of the total released. Mean annual hatchery fish mortality (including emigration) rate estimated for the 19-year period (1993-2011) was more than twice that for same cohort wild fish. Mark-recapture survival probability (phi) for hatchery fish, 1993-2011, was substantially lower (0.733) than for their wild counterparts (0.888). Mean annual hatchery fish recapture rate, as a percentage of all 1992 cohort fish recaptures, declined significantly after age-7, coinciding with age of onset of migration into the open Gulf of Mexico. Hypothesized causal factors may be differentially lower fitness in the marine habitat or permanent outmigration due to natal river imprinting failure. Hatchery fish recapture rates varied significantly for fish from the ten release sites, being highest near the river mouth, and lowest for the furthest upriver sites in the Suwannee River and its Santa Fe River tributary. Hatchery fish also displayed a significantly lower growth rate than their wild counterparts through age 3000days. Cumulative hatchery fish mortality of 99.87% over 19years predicts <3 individuals would have survived through 2011. From the results of the 1992 release experiment, hatchery supplementation as a Gulf sturgeon conservation measure does not appear to be an effective option. C1 [Sulak, K. J.; Randall, M. T.; Clugston, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sulak, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ksulak@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 SI SI BP 1428 EP 1440 DI 10.1111/jai.12607 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU4NO UT WOS:000345588500045 ER PT J AU Little, EE Calfee, RD Linder, G AF Little, E. E. Calfee, R. D. Linder, G. TI Toxicity of smelter slag-contaminated sediments from Upper Lake Roosevelt and associated metals to early life stage White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Sturgeons - Sturgeons, Science and Society at the Cross-Roads - Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Nanaimo, CANADA SP Vancouver Isl Univ, WSCS ID COLUMBIA RIVER; WATER; FISH; WASHINGTON; COPPER; USA AB The toxicity of five smelter slag-contaminated sediments from the upper Columbia River and metals associated with those slags (cadmium, copper, zinc) was evaluated in 96-h exposures of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836) at 8 and 30days post-hatch. Leachates prepared from slag-contaminated sediments were evaluated for toxicity. Leachates yielded a maximum aqueous copper concentration of 11.8gL(-1) observed in sediment collected at Dead Man's Eddy (DME), the sampling site nearest the smelter. All leachates were nonlethal to sturgeon that were 8day post-hatch (dph), but leachates from three of the five sediments were toxic to fish that were 30dph, suggesting that the latter life stage is highly vulnerable to metals exposure. Fish maintained consistent and prolonged contact with sediments and did not avoid contaminated sediments when provided a choice between contaminated and uncontaminated sediments. White Sturgeon also failed to avoid aqueous copper (1.5-20gL(-1)). In water-only 96-h exposures of 35dph sturgeon with the three metals, similar toxicity was observed during exposure to water spiked with copper alone and in combination with cadmium and zinc. Cadmium ranging from 3.2 to 41gL(-1) or zinc ranging from 21 to 275gL(-1) was not lethal, but induced adverse behavioral changes including a loss of equilibrium. These results suggest that metals associated with smelter slags may pose an increased exposure risk to early life stage sturgeon if fish occupy areas contaminated by slags. C1 [Little, E. E.; Calfee, R. D.; Linder, G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM elittle@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 SI SI BP 1497 EP 1507 DI 10.1111/jai.12565 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU4NO UT WOS:000345588500053 ER PT J AU Lyons, J Stewart, JS AF Lyons, J. Stewart, J. S. TI Predicted effects of future climate warming on thermal habitat suitability for Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque, 1817) in rivers in Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Sturgeons - Sturgeons, Science and Society at the Cross-Roads - Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Nanaimo, CANADA SP Vancouver Isl Univ, WSCS ID ST-LAWRENCE; FRESH-WATER; FISH; POPULATION; MICHIGAN; SYSTEM; MISSISSIPPI; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS AB The Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque, 1817) may be threatened by future climate warming. The purpose of this study was to identify river reaches in Wisconsin, USA, where they might be vulnerable to warming water temperatures. In Wisconsin, A.fulvescens is known from 2291km of large-river habitat that has been fragmented into 48 discrete river-lake networks isolated by impassable dams. Although the exact temperature tolerances are uncertain, water temperatures above 28-30 degrees C are potentially less suitable for this coolwater species. Predictions from 13 downscaled global climate models were input to a lotic water temperature model to estimate amounts of potential thermally less-suitable habitat at present and for 2046-2065. Currently, 341km (14.9%) of the known habitat are estimated to regularly exceed 28 degrees C for an entire day, but only 6km (0.3%) to exceed 30 degrees C. In 2046-2065, 685-2164km (29.9-94.5%) are projected to exceed 28 degrees C and 33-1056km (1.4-46.1%) to exceed 30 degrees C. Most river-lake networks have cooler segments, large tributaries, or lakes that might provide temporary escape from potentially less suitable temperatures, but 12 short networks in the Lower Fox and Middle Wisconsin rivers totaling 93.6km are projected to have no potential thermal refugia. One possible adaptation to climate change could be to provide fish passage or translocation so that riverine Lake Sturgeon might have access to more thermally suitable habitats. C1 [Lyons, J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Stewart, J. S.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Lyons, J (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM john.lyons@wisconsin.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 SI SI BP 1508 EP 1513 DI 10.1111/jai.12543 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU4NO UT WOS:000345588500054 ER PT J AU Walls, SC AF Walls, Susan C. TI Identifying monitoring gaps for amphibian populations in a North American biodiversity hotspot, the southeastern USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Amphibian decline; Historical data; Imperfect detection; Monitoring; Population turnover; Southeast USA ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SAVANNA RIVER SITE; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POWER ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION STATUS; STREAM SALAMANDER; SPECIES ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; DECLINE AB I review the primary literature to ascertain the status of amphibian monitoring efforts in the southeastern USA, a "hotspot" for biodiversity in North America. This effort revealed taxonomic, geographic and ecological disparities in studies of amphibian populations in this region. Of the species of anurans and caudates known to occur in the Southeast, 73.8 and 33.3 %, respectively, have been monitored continuously for at least 4 years. Anurans are generally shorter-lived than are caudates and, thus, have been studied for the equivalent of at least one population turnover more than have caudates. The percentage of species (of those occurring in a given state) monitored continuously for at least 4 years was lowest for Alabama and Mississippi and highest for Florida for both taxa. The vast majority of studies (69.6 %) were conducted on species that inhabit natural freshwater wetlands, in contrast to other aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Species considered threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature comprised only 7.7 % of 65 species that have been studied consistently. The majority of comparative studies of contemporary versus historical occurrences were potentially biased by the use of "presence-only" historical data and resurveys of short duration. Other issues, such as inadequate temporal and spatial scale and neglect of different sources of error, were common. Awareness of these data gaps and sampling and statistical issues may help facilitate informed decisions in setting future monitoring priorities, particularly with respect to species, habitats and locations that have been largely overlooked in past and ongoing studies. C1 US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (USGS ARMI) FX This work was supported by the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (USGS ARMI). I thank L. Ball, J. Barichivich, C. K. Dodd, Jr. E. H. C. Grant and J. C. Mitchell for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. C. K. Dodd, Jr. and J. C. Mitchell provided numerous references on longevity of amphibians. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution 480 of USGS ARMI. NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 13 BP 3341 EP 3357 DI 10.1007/s10531-014-0782-7 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7BB UT WOS:000345090000012 ER PT J AU Fan, ZS Neff, JC Waldrop, MP Ballantyne, AP Turetsky, MR AF Fan, Zhaosheng Neff, Jason C. Waldrop, Mark P. Ballantyne, Ashley P. Turetsky, Merritt R. TI Transport of oxygen in soil pore-water systems: implications for modeling emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from peatlands SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Water table; Model; Oxygen; Microbial; Habitat; Warming; Aerobic; Anaerobic ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POROUS SOLIDS; DIFFUSION; FEN; DENITRIFICATION; GAS; DECOMPOSITION AB Peatlands store vast amounts of soil carbon and are significant sources of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2) andmethane (CH4) emissions. The traditional approach in biogeochemical model simulations of peatland emissions is to simply divide the soil domain into an aerobic zone above and an anaerobic zone below the water table (WT) and then calculate CO2 and CH4 emissions based on the assumed properties of these two discrete zones. However, there are major potential drawbacks associated with the traditional WT-based approach, because aerobic or anaerobic environments are ultimately determined by oxygen (O-2) concentration rather than water content directly. Variations in O2 content above and below the WT can be large and thus may play an important role in partitioning of carbon fluxes between CO2 and CH4. In this paper, we propose an oxygen-based approach, which simulates the vertical and radial components of O-2 movement and consumption through the soil aerobic and anaerobic environments. We then use both our oxygen-based and the traditional WT-based approaches to simulate CO2 and CH4 emissions from an Alaskan fen peatland. The results of model calibration and validation suggest that our physically realistic approach (i.e., oxygen-based approach) cause less biases on the simulated flux of CO2 and CH4. The results of model simulations also suggest that the traditional WT-based approach might substantially under-estimate CH4 emissions and over-estimate CO2 emissions from the fen due to the presence of anaerobic zones in unsaturated soil. Our oxygen-based approach can be easily incorporated into existing ecosystem or earth system models but will require additional validation with more extensive field observations to be implemented within biogeochemical models to improve simulations of soil C fluxes at regional or global scale. C1 [Fan, Zhaosheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ballantyne, Ashley P.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. RP Fan, ZS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zfan@anl.gov OI Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997]; USGS Climate Research & Development Program; Bonanza Creek LTER Program - NSF [DEB-1026415]; Bonanza Creek LTER Program - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV112619320-16] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) for the APEX project (DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997), and by the USGS Climate Research & Development Program. Additional funding and considerable logistic support were provided by the Bonanza Creek LTER Program, which is jointly funded by NSF (DEB-1026415) and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW01-JV112619320-16). NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2014 VL 121 IS 3 BP 455 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-0012-0 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AU0NS UT WOS:000345320700001 ER PT J AU Rivers, JW Johnson, JM Haig, SM Schwarz, CJ Burnett, LJ Brandt, J George, D Grantham, J AF Rivers, James W. Johnson, J. Matthew Haig, Susan M. Schwarz, Carl. J. Burnett, L. Joseph Brandt, Joseph George, Daniel Grantham, Jesse TI An analysis of monthly home range size in the critically endangered California Condor Gymnogyps californianus SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN VULTURE CONSERVATION; TURKEY VULTURES; ASIAN VULTURES; MIGRATION; BIRDS; BEHAVIOR; POPULATION; SCAVENGERS; PATTERNS; CONSEQUENCES AB Condors and vultures comprise the only group of terrestrial vertebrates in the world that are obligate scavengers, and these species move widely to locate ephemeral, unpredictable, and patchily-distributed food resources. In this study, we used high-resolution GPS location data to quantify monthly home range size of the critically endangered California Condor Gymnogyps californianus throughout the annual cycle in California. We assessed whether individual-level characteristics (age, sex and breeding status) and factors related to endangered species recovery program efforts (rearing method, release site) were linked to variation in monthly home range size. We found that monthly home range size varied across the annual cycle, with the largest monthly home ranges observed during late summer and early fall (July-October), a pattern that may be linked to seasonal changes in thermals that facilitate movement. Monthly home ranges of adults were significantly larger than those of immatures, but males and females used monthly home ranges of similar size throughout the year and breeding adults did not differ from non-breeding adults in their average monthly home range size. Individuals from each of three release sites differed significantly in the size of their monthly home ranges, and no differences in monthly home range size were detected between condors reared under captive conditions relative to those reared in the wild. Our study provides an important foundation for understanding the movement ecology of the California Condor and it highlights the importance of seasonal variation in space use for effective conservation planning for this critically endangered species. C1 [Rivers, James W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, J. Matthew; Haig, Susan M.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schwarz, Carl. J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Burnett, L. Joseph] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. [Brandt, Joseph; Grantham, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Condor Recovery Program, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [George, Daniel] Natl Pk Serv, Pinnacles Natl Monument, Paicines, CA 95043 USA. RP Rivers, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jim.rivers@oregonstate.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; California Department of Fish and Game; National Parks Service, Pinnacles National Monument; USFWS, Condor Recovery Program; USFWS, Ventura Field Office; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Ventana Wildlife Society FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management; California Department of Fish and Game; National Parks Service, Pinnacles National Monument; USFWS, Condor Recovery Program; USFWS, Ventura Field Office; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; and Ventana Wildlife Society for financial and logistical support. H. Beyer, J. Glendenning, P. Haggarty, D. Howard, K. Jenkins, J. Kern, B. Kertson, B. Massey, J. Marzluff, C. Phillips, A. Rodgers, N. Snyder, D. Wiens, and S. Wilbur provided for logistical support and feedback, and E. Forsman and A. Margalida provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 63 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 492 EP 504 DI 10.1017/S0959270913000592 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AU0NQ UT WOS:000345320500009 ER PT J AU Amidon, F Camp, RJ Marshall, AP Pratt, TK Williams, L Radley, P Cruz, JB AF Amidon, Fred Camp, Richard J. Marshall, Ann P. Pratt, Thane K. Williams, Laura Radley, Paul Cruz, Justine B. TI Terrestrial bird population trends on Aguiguan (Goat Island), Mariana Islands SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID AVIFAUNA; PERSISTENCE; COMMUNITY; DENSITY; SNAKE AB The island of Aguiguan is part of the Mariana archipelago and currently supports populations of four endemic species, including one endemic genus, Cleptornis. Bird population trends since 1982 were recently assessed on the neighbouring islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota indicating declines in some native species. Point-transect surveys were conducted in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess population densities and trends on Aguiguan. Densities for six of the nine native birdsWhite-throated Ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris, Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons, Golden White-eye Cleptornis marchei, Bridled White-eye Zosterops conspicillatus and Micronesian Starling Aplonis opacaand the non-native birdIsland Collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquatawere significantly greater in 2008 than in 1982. No differences in densities were detected among the surveys for Mariana Fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, and Micronesian Myzomela Myzomela rubratra. Three federally and locally listed endangered birdsNightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius, Mariana Swiftlet Collocalia bartschi, and Micronesian Megapode Megapodius laperous)were either not detected during the point-transect counts, the surveys were not appropriate for the species, or the numbers of birds detected were too small to estimate densities. The factors behind the increasing trends for some species are unknown but may be related to increased forest cover on the island since 1982. With declining trends for some native species on neighbouring islands, the increasing and stable trends on Aguiguan is good news for forest bird populations in the region, as Aguiguan populations can help support conservation efforts on other islands in the archipelago. C1 [Amidon, Fred; Marshall, Ann P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Camp, Richard J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Pratt, Thane K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, Menlo Park, HI 96718 USA. [Radley, Paul] Commonwealth Nothern Mariana Islands Div Fish & W, Dept Lands & Nat Resources, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Williams, Laura] US Navy, Naval Facil Engn Command Pacific, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RP Amidon, F (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 AlaMoana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM fred_amidon@fws.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU U.S. Navy; Pacific Islands Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service; PIERC FX Data analyses were conducted by the Hawaii Forest Bird Interagency Database Project, a project of the U.S. Geological Survey-Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center (PIERC) and the cooperating agencies - Pacific Islands Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and University of Hawaii Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit. We thank the many field biologists who organized and collected data. Also, we thank everyone who helped cut transects over the years, the CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife for their participation in surveys, issuance of permits, and other assistance, and the Mayor and people of Tinian for their support. Two anonymous reviewers and P. Banko, K. Brinck, L. Mehrhoff, and G. Wiles helped improve the manuscript. We also thank H. Kozuba for preparation of data described here and assistance with generating tables and figures. This study was funded by the U.S. Navy, Pacific Islands Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and by PIERC. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1017/S0959270914000021 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AU0NQ UT WOS:000345320500010 ER PT J AU Breckheimer, I Haddad, NM Morris, WF Trainor, AM Fields, WR Jobe, RT Hudgens, BR Moody, A Walters, JR AF Breckheimer, Ian Haddad, Nick M. Morris, William F. Trainor, Anne M. Fields, William R. Jobe, R. Todd Hudgens, Brian R. Moody, Aaron Walters, Jeffrey R. TI Defining and Evaluating the Umbrella Species Concept for Conserving and Restoring Landscape Connectivity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circuit theory; corridor; dispersal; landscape connectivity; modeling; surrogate species; conectividad de paisajes; corredor; dispersion; especies sustitutas; modelado; teoria de circuitos ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; NEONYMPHA-MITCHELLII-FRANCISCI; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; MATRIX HABITATS; CONSERVATION; CORRIDORS; MOVEMENT; MODEL; RICHNESS; LINKAGES AB Conserving or restoring landscape connectivity between patches of breeding habitat is a common strategy to protect threatened species from habitat fragmentation. By managing connectivity for some species, usually charismatic vertebrates, it is often assumed that these species will serve as conservation umbrellas for other species. We tested this assumption by developing a quantitative method to measure overlap in dispersal habitat of 3 threatened speciesa bird (the umbrella), a butterfly, and a froginhabiting the same fragmented landscape. Dispersal habitat was determined with Circuitscape, which was parameterized with movement data collected for each species. Despite differences in natural history and breeding habitat, we found substantial overlap in the spatial distributions of areas important for dispersal of this suite of taxa. However, the intuitive umbrella species (the bird) did not have the highest overlap with other species in terms of the areas that supported connectivity. Nevertheless, we contend that when there are no irreconcilable differences between the dispersal habitats of species that cohabitate on the landscape, managing for umbrella species can help conserve or restore connectivity simultaneously for multiple threatened species with different habitat requirements. Definicion y Evaluacion del Concepto de Especie Paraguas para Conservar y Restaurar la Conectividad de Paisajes Resumen Conservar o restaurar la conectividad de paisajes entre fragmentos de habitats de reproduccion es una estrategia comun para proteger a las especies amenazadas de la fragmentacion de habitat. Al manejar la conectividad para algunas especies, generalmente vertebrados carismaticos, se asume comunmente que estas especies serviran como paraguas de conservacion para otras especies. Probamos esta suposicion desarrollando un metodo cuantitativo para medir el traslape en la dispersion de habitat de tres especies amenazadas que habitan en el mismo paisaje fragmentado: un ave (el paraguas), una mariposa y una rana. La dispersion de habitat se determino con Circuitscape, al cual se le establecieron parametros con movimientos de datos colectados para cada especie. Pese a las diferencias en la historia natural y el habitat de reproduccion, encontramos un traslape sustancial en las distribuciones espaciales de areas importantes para la dispersion de este conjunto de taxones. Sin embargo, la especie paraguas intuitiva (el ave) no tuvo el traslape mayor con otras especies en terminos de areas que apoyen la conectividad. A pesar de todo, sostenemos que cuando no hay diferencias irreconciliables entre la dispersion de habitats de las especies que cohabitan en el paisaje, manejar todo para la especie paraguas puede ayudar a conservar o restaurar simultaneamente la conectividad para multiples especies amenazadas con requerimientos de habitat diferentes. C1 [Breckheimer, Ian] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Haddad, Nick M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Morris, William F.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Trainor, Anne M.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Fields, William R.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Jobe, R. Todd] Signal Innovat Grp Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Hudgens, Brian R.] Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Moody, Aaron] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Breckheimer, I (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ibreckhe@u.washington.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-1471] FX We thank J. Lay, A. J. McKerrow, C. Frost, M. Simon, R. Elting, J. Hall, N. Thurgate, D. Kuefler, L. Milko, H. Lessig, C. Frock, and J. Pearson, and B. Ball and the rest of the staff at the Ft. Bragg Endangered Species Branch for sharing data that contributed to this effort, K. Brust and the rest of the staff at Sandhills Ecological Institute, and 2 anonymous reviewers. This work was performed under Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program grant RC-1471 Mapping Habitat Connectivity for Multiple Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species on and around Military Installations. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 120 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1593 DI 10.1111/cobi.12362 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT2WF UT WOS:000344794200016 PM 25115148 ER PT J AU Kelly, TR Grantham, J George, D Welch, A Brandt, J Burnett, LJ Sorenson, KJ Johnson, M Poppenga, R Moen, D Rasico, J Rivers, JW Battistone, C Johnson, CK AF Kelly, Terra R. Grantham, Jesse George, Daniel Welch, Alacia Brandt, Joseph Burnett, L. Joseph Sorenson, Kelly J. Johnson, Matthew Poppenga, Robert Moen, David Rasico, James Rivers, James W. Battistone, Carie Johnson, Christine K. TI Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Lead Exposure in Endangered California Condors during 15 Years of Reintroduction SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecotoxicology; epidemiology; Gymnogyps californianus; scavenger; vulture; wildlife disease; Buitre; carronero; ecotoxicologia; enfermedad de vida silvestre; epidemiologia; Gymnogyps californianus ID GYMNOGYPS-CALIFORNIANUS; POPULATION; AMMUNITION; MORTALITY; RECOVERY AB Large-scale poisoning events are common to scavenging bird species that forage communally, many of which are in decline. To reduce the threat of poisoning and compensate for other persistent threats, management, including supplemental feeding, is ongoing for many reintroduced and endangered vulture populations. Through a longitudinal study of lead exposure in California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), we illustrate the conservation challenges inherent in reintroduction of an endangered species to the wild when pervasive threats have not been eliminated. We evaluated population-wide patterns in blood lead levels from 1997 to 2011 and assessed a broad range of putative demographic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors for elevated lead exposure among reintroduced California condors in California (United States). We also assessed the effectiveness of lead ammunition regulations within the condor's range in California by comparing condor blood lead levels before and after implementation of the regulations. Lead exposure was a pervasive threat to California condors despite recent regulations limiting lead ammunition use. In addition, condor lead levels significantly increased as age and independence from intensive management increased, including increasing time spent away from managed release sites, and decreasing reliance on food provisions. Greater independence among an increasing number of reintroduced condors has therefore elevated the population's risk of lead exposure and limited the effectiveness of lead reduction efforts to date. Our findings highlight the challenges of restoring endangered vulture populations as they mature and become less reliant on management actions necessary to compensate for persistent threats. Patrones Espaciotemporales y Factores de Riesgo por Exposicion a Plomo en Condores de California Durante 15 Anos de Reintroduccion Resumen El envenenamiento a gran escala es comun en especies de aves carroneras que forrajean comunalmente, muchas de ellas en declinacion. Para reducir la amenaza del envenenamiento y compensar otras amenazas persistentes, se realizan acciones de manejo, incluyendo la suplementacion de alimento, con muchas poblaciones de buitres reintroducidas y en peligro. Mediante un estudio longitudinal del envenenamiento por plomo en condores de California (Gymnogyps californianus), mostramos los retos de conservacion inherentes a la reintroduccion de una especie en peligro cuando las amenazas principales no han sido eliminadas. Evaluamos patrones en los niveles de plomo en sangre de 1997 a 2011 y evaluamos un amplio rango factores putativos de riesgo demografico, conductual y ambiental por exposicion a niveles elevados de plomo en condores de California reintroducidos en California (E.U.A.). Tambien evaluamos la efectividad de las regulaciones para el uso de municiones de plomo en el rango de distribucion de Condores mediante la comparacion de niveles de plomo en la sangre antes y despues de la implementacion de las regulaciones. La exposicion a plomo fue una amenaza constante para los condores de California a pesar de las regulaciones que establecen el uso de municiones sin plomo. Adicionalmente. Los niveles de plomo incrementaron significativamente a medida que aumentaba la edad y la independencia de manejo intensivo, incluyendo el incremento del tiempo lejos de sitios de liberacion, y el decremento en la dependencia en el aprovisionamiento de alimento. Por lo tanto, una mayor independencia en un mayor numero de condores reintroducidos, a la fecha ha incrementado el riesgo de exposicion a plomo en la poblacion y limitado la efectividad de los esfuerzos para la reduccion de plomo. Nuestros resultados resaltan los retos para el restablecimiento de poblaciones de condores a medida que maduran y se vuelven menos dependientes de las acciones de manejo necesarias para compensar las amenazas persistentes. C1 [Kelly, Terra R.; Rasico, James; Johnson, Christine K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grantham, Jesse; Brandt, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [George, Daniel; Welch, Alacia] Natl Pk Serv, Paicines, CA 95043 USA. [Burnett, L. Joseph; Sorenson, Kelly J.; Moen, David] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. [Johnson, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Poppenga, Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth Food & Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rivers, James W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Battistone, Carie] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. RP Johnson, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1089 Vet Med Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM trkelly@ucdavis.edu; ckjohnson@ucdavis.edu FU USFWS Endangered Species Cooperative Conservation Fund Grant; Morris Animal Foundation Grant FX We thank S. Scherbinski, J. Jones, E. Sandhaus, I. Plascencia, D. Steele, and K. Thomas for their important contributions to this study. We also thank the staff and volunteers associated with the condor program for their invaluable role. This research was supported by a USFWS Endangered Species Cooperative Conservation Fund Grant and Morris Animal Foundation Grant. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1730 DI 10.1111/cobi.12342 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT2WF UT WOS:000344794200029 PM 25040286 ER PT J AU Grove, TL Holbig, ES Barr, JA Till, CB Krawczynski, MJ AF Grove, Timothy L. Holbig, Eva S. Barr, Jay A. Till, Christy B. Krawczynski, Michael J. TI Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite (vol 166, pg 887, 2013) SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Grove, Timothy L.; Holbig, Eva S.; Barr, Jay A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Till, Christy B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Krawczynski, Michael J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Grove, TL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tlgrove@mit.edu RI Till, Christy/D-7771-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 168 IS 6 AR 1086 DI 10.1007/s00410-014-1086-3 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AU0AI UT WOS:000345285000005 ER PT J AU Feng, WM Hardt, BF Banner, JL Meyer, KJ James, EW Musgrove, M Edwards, RL Cheng, H Min, A AF Feng, Weimin Hardt, Benjamin F. Banner, Jay L. Meyer, Kevin J. James, Eric W. Musgrove, MaryLynn Edwards, R. Lawrence Cheng, Hai Min, Angela TI Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change (vol 401, pg 47, 2014) SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Feng, Weimin; Hardt, Benjamin F.; Banner, Jay L.; Meyer, Kevin J.; James, Eric W.; Musgrove, MaryLynn] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Musgrove, MaryLynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Edwards, R. Lawrence; Cheng, Hai; Min, Angela] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. RP Feng, WM (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM weimin.feng@gmail.com RI Banner, Jay/C-8676-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 407 BP 234 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.012 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT8JH UT WOS:000345179300020 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Frost, PC Xenopoulos, MA Williams, CJ Morales-Williams, AM Vallazza, JM Nelson, JC Richardson, WB AF Larson, James H. Frost, Paul C. Xenopoulos, Marguerite A. Williams, Clayton J. Morales-Williams, Ana M. Vallazza, Jon M. Nelson, John C. Richardson, William B. TI Relationships Between Land Cover and Dissolved Organic Matter Change Along the River to Lake Transition SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; river-mouths; large lakes; carbon; nutrients ID GREAT-LAKES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; FRESH-WATER; CARBON; STREAM; PARADIGM; DYNAMICS; INPUTS; FLUCTUATIONS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) influences the physical, chemical, and biological properties of aquatic ecosystems. We hypothesized that controls over spatial variation in DOM quantity and composition (measured with DOM optical properties) differ based on the source of DOM to aquatic ecosystems. DOM quantity and composition should be better predicted by land cover in aquatic habitats with allochthonous DOM and related more strongly to nutrients in aquatic habitats with autochthonous DOM. Three habitat types [rivers (R), rivermouths (RM), and the nearshore zone (L)] associated with 23 tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes were sampled to test this prediction. Evidence from optical indices suggests that DOM in these habitats generally ranged from allochthonous (R sites) to a mix of allochthonous-like and autochthonous-like (L sites). Contrary to expectations, DOM properties such as the fluorescence index, humification index, and spectral slope ratio were only weakly related to land cover or nutrient data (Bayesian R (2) values were indistinguishable from zero). Strongly supported models in all habitat types linked DOM quantity (that is, dissolved organic carbon concentration [DOC]) to both land cover and nutrients (Bayesian R (2) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.72). Strongly supported models predicting DOC changed with habitat type: The most important predictor in R sites was wetlands whereas the most important predictor at L sites was croplands. These results suggest that as the DOM pool becomes more autochthonous-like, croplands become a more important driver of spatial variation in DOC and wetlands become less important. C1 [Larson, James H.; Vallazza, Jon M.; Nelson, John C.; Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Frost, Paul C.; Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.; Williams, Clayton J.; Morales-Williams, Ana M.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [82] FX Many people contributed to the collection of this data, including J. Veldboom, B. Knights, R. Kennedy and A. Milde. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Project #82). Some aspects of the sampling design reflect conversations with J. Schaeffer, M. Carlson-Mazur and P. Seelbach. Thanks to the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge for access to sampling sites. Discussions with members of the Rivermouth Collaboratory also aided the development of ideas associated with this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2014 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1425 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9804-2 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7SP UT WOS:000345137900008 ER EF