FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Patrick, MR Anderson, KR Poland, MP Orr, TR Swanson, DA AF Patrick, Matthew R. Anderson, Kyle R. Poland, Michael P. Orr, Tim R. Swanson, Donald A. TI Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; HAWAII AB Forecasting volcanic activity relies fundamentally on tracking magma pressure through the use of proxies, such as ground surface deformation and earthquake rates. Lava lakes at open-vent basaltic volcanoes provide a window into the uppermost magma system for gauging reservoir pressure changes more directly. At Kilauea Volcano (Hawai'i, USA) the surface height of the summit lava lake in Halema'uma'u Crater fluctuates with surface deformation over short (hours to days) and long (weeks to months) time scales. This correlation implies that the lake behaves as a simple piezometer of the subsurface magma reservoir. Changes in lava level and summit deformation scale with (and shortly precede) changes in eruption rate from Kilauea's East Rift Zone, indicating that summit lava level can be used for short-term forecasting of rift zone activity and associated hazards at Kilauea. C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.; Anderson, Kyle R.; Poland, Michael P.; Orr, Tim R.; Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Anderson, Kyle/0000-0001-8041-3996 FU American Reinvestment and Recovery Act FX Funding for the thermal cameras was provided by the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act. Lidar control points on lava level were collected by A. LeWinter, D. Finnegan, S. Anderson, and G. Bawden. We thank R. Denlinger, L. Mastin, and D. Carbone for useful input. Reviews by D. Clague, P. Cervelli, D. Dzurisin, and an anonymous reviewer improved the paper. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 IS 9 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1130/G36896.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CP6SC UT WOS:000360017400020 ER PT J AU Starn, JJ Bagtzoglou, AC Green, CT AF Starn, J. Jeffrey Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. Green, Christopher T. TI The effects of numerical-model complexity and observation type on estimated porosity values SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Inverse numerical modeling; Tracer tests; Solute transport; USA ID EVALUATING PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODELS; ERROR REDUCTION; 2 STATISTICS; ENVIRONMENTAL TRITIUM; TRANSIENT FLOW; QUALITY TRENDS; TRANSPORT; WELLS; SIMULATION AB The relative merits of model complexity and types of observations employed in model calibration are compared. An existing groundwater flow model coupled with an advective transport simulation of the Salt Lake Valley, Utah (USA), is adapted for advective transport, and effective porosity is adjusted until simulated tritium concentrations match concentrations in samples from wells. Two calibration approaches are used: a "complex" highly parameterized porosity field and a "simple" parsimonious model of porosity distribution. The use of an atmospheric tracer (tritium in this case) and apparent ages (from tritium/helium) in model calibration also are discussed. Of the models tested, the complex model (with tritium concentrations and tritium/helium apparent ages) performs best. Although tritium breakthrough curves simulated by complex and simple models are very generally similar, and there is value in the simple model, the complex model is supported by a more realistic porosity distribution and a greater number of estimable parameters. Culling the best quality data did not lead to better calibration, possibly because of processes and aquifer characteristics that are not simulated. Despite many factors that contribute to shortcomings of both the models and the data, useful information is obtained from all the models evaluated. Although any particular prediction of tritium breakthrough may have large errors, overall, the models mimic observed trends. C1 [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Starn, J. Jeffrey; Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Starn, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM jjstarn@usgs.gov; acb@engr.uconn.edu; ctgreen@usgs.gov OI Starn, Jon/0000-0001-5909-0010 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1289-3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CP3KD UT WOS:000359776900006 ER PT J AU Siade, A Nishikawa, T Martin, P AF Siade, Adam Nishikawa, Tracy Martin, Peter TI Natural recharge estimation and uncertainty analysis of an adjudicated groundwater basin using a regional-scale flow and subsidence model (Antelope Valley, California, USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Subsidence; Groundwaterflow; Groundwater recharge/water budget; Inverse modeling; Optimization AB Groundwater has provided 50-90 % of the total water supply in Antelope Valley, California (USA). The associated groundwater-level declines have led the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California to recently rule that the Antelope Valley groundwater basin is in overdraft, i.e., annual pumpage exceeds annual recharge. Natural recharge consists primarily of mountain-front recharge and is an important component of the total groundwater budget in Antelope Valley. Therefore, natural recharge plays a major role in the Court's decision. The exact quantity and distribution of natural recharge is uncertain, with total estimates from previous studies ranging from 37 to 200 gigaliters per year (GL/year). In order to better understand the uncertainty associated with natural recharge and to provide a tool for groundwater management, a numerical model of groundwater flow and land subsidence was developed. The transient model was calibrated using PEST with water-level and subsidence data; prior information was incorporated through the use of Tikhonov regularization. The calibrated estimate of natural recharge was 36 GL/year, which is appreciably less than the value used by the court (74 GL/year). The effect of parameter uncertainty on the estimation of natural recharge was addressed using the Null-Space Monte Carlo method. A Pareto trade-off method was also used to portray the reasonableness of larger natural recharge rates. The reasonableness of the 74 GL/year value and the effect of uncertain pumpage rates were also evaluated. The uncertainty analyses indicate that the total natural recharge likely ranges between 34.5 and 54.3 GL/year. C1 [Siade, Adam; Nishikawa, Tracy; Martin, Peter] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Siade, Adam] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Siade, Adam] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Nishikawa, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM tnish@usgs.gov RI Siade, Adam/A-7222-2013 OI Siade, Adam/0000-0003-3840-5874 FU US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; Los Angeles County Department of Public Works; Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency; Palmdale Water District; Edwards Air Force Base FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency, Palmdale Water District, and Edwards Air Force Base. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1291 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1281-y PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CP3KD UT WOS:000359776900016 ER PT J AU Senner, NR Verhoeven, MA Abad-Gomez, JM Gutierrez, JS Hooijmeijer, JCEW Kentie, R Masero, JA Tibbitts, TL Piersma, T AF Senner, Nathan R. Verhoeven, Mo A. Abad-Gomez, Jose M. Gutierrez, Jorge S. Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W. Kentie, Rosemarie Masero, Jose A. Tibbitts, T. Lee Piersma, Theunis TI When Siberia came to the Netherlands: the response of continental black-tailed godwits to a rare spring weather event SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioural flexibility; carry-over effects; migration; resource availability; stress response ID LIMOSA-LIMOSA-LIMOSA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; L.-LIMOSA; MIGRATION; SHOREBIRD; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; FITNESS; CHICKS AB 1. Extreme weather events have the potential to alter both short- and long-term population dynamics as well as community- and ecosystem-level function. Such events are rare and stochastic, making it difficult to fully document how organisms respond to them and predict the repercussions of similar events in the future. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which short-term events can incur long-term consequences, we documented the behavioural responses and fitness consequences for a long-distance migratory bird, the continental black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa limosa, resulting from a spring snowstorm and three-week period of record low temperatures. The event caused measurable responses at three spatial scales - continental, regional and local - including migratory delays (+19days), reverse migrations (>90km), elevated metabolic costs (+88% maintenance metabolic rate) and increased foraging rates (+37%). There were few long-term fitness consequences, however, and subsequent breeding seasons instead witnessed high levels of reproductive success and little evidence of carry-over effects. This suggests that populations with continued access to food, behavioural flexibility and time to dissipate the costs of the event can likely withstand the consequences of an extreme weather event. For populations constrained in one of these respects, though, extreme events may entail extreme ecological consequences. C1 [Senner, Nathan R.; Verhoeven, Mo A.; Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W.; Kentie, Rosemarie; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Abad-Gomez, Jose M.; Gutierrez, Jorge S.; Masero, Jose A.] Univ Extremadura, Fac Sci, Dept Anat Cell Biol & Zool, Conservat Biol Res Grp, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. [Gutierrez, Jorge S.; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Senner, NR (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. EM n.r.senner@rug.nl RI Masero, Jose A./A-9478-2008 OI Masero, Jose A./0000-0001-5318-4833 FU NWO-ALW TOP by 'Kenniskring weidevogels' of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Food Safety [854.11.004]; Province of Fryslan; Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds; Van der Hucht de Beukelaar Stichting; Paul and Louise Cook Endowment Ltd.; University of Groningen; BirdLife Netherlands FX We thank the 'grutto' field crews from 2004 onward, and especially those in 2013 and 2014 (B. Brands, M. de Graaf, G. Hoekstra, B. de Jong, R. Faber, A. Fickenscher, M. Franken, Y. Galama, J. Loonstra, I. Lopez, A. McBride, S. Pardal, A. Sybrandy, H. Valkema, D. van der Gaag, E. van der Velde, R. van der Zee-Gietema, J. Wiersma, B. Zijlstra and L. Zwart) for their invaluable assistance in the field. We also thank M. Parejo-Nieto, A. Villegas-Sanchez and the rest of the team from Badajoz for help with satellite transmitter instrumentation. A. Stokman, W. Nauta, S. Venema, Staatsbosbeheer, It Fryske Gea, ANV Sudwesthoeke and Kuststripe, and many other land managers and farmers were gracious in allowing us access to their land. Local bird conservation communities (Fugelwachten Makkum, Warkum, Koudum-Himmelum, Stavoren-Warns) provided locations of many nests. R. Inger, J. Pearce, M. Stager and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. D. Visser kindly assisted with the final figures. Funding for NRS, MAV and their fieldwork was provided by NWO-ALW TOP grant 'Shorebirds in space' (854.11.004) awarded to TP. Long-term godwit research was funded by the 'Kenniskring weidevogels' of the former Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Food Safety (2007-2010, 2012) and the Province of Fryslan (2013-2014), with additional financial support of the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds (through It Fryske Gea), the Van der Hucht de Beukelaar Stichting, the Paul and Louise Cook Endowment Ltd., the University of Groningen and BirdLife Netherlands. We thank the citizen-group 'Kening fan 'e Greide', and especially B. Blaauw, for maintaining the tracking website (www.keningfanegreide.nl), enabling widespread involvement in our research. This work was done under licence number 6350A following the Dutch Animal Welfare Act Articles 9 and 11. Use of trade or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors' institutional affiliations. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1176 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12381 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP7UG UT WOS:000360093400003 PM 26033015 ER PT J AU Gerber, BD Kendall, WL Hooten, MB Dubovsky, JA Drewien, RC AF Gerber, Brian D. Kendall, William L. Hooten, Mevin B. Dubovsky, James A. Drewien, Roderick C. TI Optimal population prediction of sandhill crane recruitment based on climate-mediated habitat limitations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis; least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; modelling; multicollinearity; Palmer drought index; Palmer drought severity index; predictive; ridge regression; SPEI; standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index ID NESTING ECOLOGY; GRAYS LAKE; REGRESSION; MODELS; REGULARIZATION; DROUGHT; IDAHO; MULTICOLLINEARITY; SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB Prediction is fundamental to scientific enquiry and application; however, ecologists tend to favour explanatory modelling. We discuss a predictive modelling framework to evaluate ecological hypotheses and to explore novel/unobserved environmental scenarios to assist conservation and management decision-makers. We apply this framework to develop an optimal predictive model for juvenile (<1year old) sandhill crane Grus canadensis recruitment of the Rocky Mountain Population (RMP). We consider spatial climate predictors motivated by hypotheses of how drought across multiple time-scales and spring/summer weather affects recruitment. Our predictive modelling framework focuses on developing a single model that includes all relevant predictor variables, regardless of collinearity. This model is then optimized for prediction by controlling model complexity using a data-driven approach that marginalizes or removes irrelevant predictors from the model. Specifically, we highlight two approaches of statistical regularization, Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and ridge regression. Our optimal predictive Bayesian LASSO and ridge regression models were similar and on average 37% superior in predictive accuracy to an explanatory modelling approach. Our predictive models confirmed a priori hypotheses that drought and cold summers negatively affect juvenile recruitment in the RMP. The effects of long-term drought can be alleviated by short-term wet spring-summer months; however, the alleviation of long-term drought has a much greater positive effect on juvenile recruitment. The number of freezing days and snowpack during the summer months can also negatively affect recruitment, while spring snowpack has a positive effect. Breeding habitat, mediated through climate, is a limiting factor on population growth of sandhill cranes in the RMP, which could become more limiting with a changing climate (i.e. increased drought). These effects are likely not unique to cranes. The alteration of hydrological patterns and water levels by drought may impact many migratory, wetland nesting birds in the Rocky Mountains and beyond. Generalizable predictive models (trained by out-of-sample fit and based on ecological hypotheses) are needed by conservation and management decision-makers. Statistical regularization improves predictions and provides a general framework for fitting models with a large number of predictors, even those with collinearity, to simultaneously identify an optimal predictive model while conducting rigorous Bayesian model selection. Our framework is important for understanding population dynamics under a changing climate and has direct applications for making harvest and habitat management decisions. C1 [Gerber, Brian D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William L.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dubovsky, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Drewien, Roderick C.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Gerber, BD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bgerber@colostate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Game Bird Program; Mountain-Prairie Migratory Bird Office; NSF [CNS-0923386] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Game Bird Program and their Mountain-Prairie Migratory Bird Office. This research utilized the CSU ISTeC Cray HPC System supported by NSF Grant CNS-0923386. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We are very grateful to L. Cordes, P. Doherty, D. Koons and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful edits and comments on a prior version of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1310 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12370 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP7UG UT WOS:000360093400016 PM 25808951 ER PT J AU Kayen, R Moss, RES Thompson, EM Seed, RB Cetin, KO Kiureghian, AD Tanaka, Y Tokimatsu, K AF Kayen, R. Moss, R. E. S. Thompson, E. M. Seed, R. B. Cetin, K. O. Kiureghian, A. Der Tanaka, Y. Tokimatsu, K. TI Shear-Wave Velocity-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential (vol 139, pg 407, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 [Kayen, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kayen, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Moss, R. E. S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Thompson, E. M.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Seed, R. B.; Kiureghian, A. Der] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cetin, K. O.] Middle Eastern Tech Univ, Ankara, Turkey. [Tanaka, Y.] UTAR, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Tokimatsu, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Kayen, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rkayen@ucla.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 EI 1943-5606 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 141 IS 9 AR 08215002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001390 PG 1 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CP5TC UT WOS:000359946400013 ER PT J AU Ripplinger, J Franklin, J Edwards, TC AF Ripplinger, Julie Franklin, Janet Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. TI Legacy effects of no-analogue disturbances alter plant community diversity and composition in semi-arid sagebrush steppe SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Community composition; Disturbance; Introduced species; Land management; Land-use land-cover change; Legacy effects; Sagebrush steppe; State-and-transition; Vegetation dynamics ID WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; PAST LAND-USE; SHRUB REMOVAL; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; NITROGEN ADDITION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SAMPLING METHOD; SOIL-MOISTURE; FOREST AB Questions(i) What role does the type of managed disturbance play in structuring sagebrush steppe plant communities? (ii) How does the composition of post-disturbance plant communities change with time since disturbance? (iii) Does plant community diversity change over time following managed disturbance? LocationField study within the sagebrush steppe ecosystem. Rich County, Utah, USA. MethodsWe developed a chronosequence spanning up to 50yrs post-treatment to study sagebrush steppe vegetation dynamics. Direct ordination was used to examine plant community composition by managed disturbance type and time since disturbance, and factorial analysis of covariance was used to examine diversity dynamics following disturbance. Indicator species values were calculated in order to identify characteristic species for each disturbance type. ResultsPlant communities experienced a shift toward distinct community composition for each of the three managed disturbance types, and gave no indication of returning to untreated community composition or diversity. Small post-disturbance increases in the number of non-native grass species were observed in the treatments relative to reference, with native forb species making the largest contribution to altered composition. On fire- and chemically-treated sites the proportional native forb species richness increased over time since disturbance, while the proportional contribution of non-native forbs to total species richness decreased. For all three treatment types, native grasses contributed less on average to total richness than on reference sites, while non-native grasses made up a higher proportion of total richness. ConclusionsCommon shrubland management techniques have legacy effects on the composition and diversity of sagebrush steppe plant communities, and no-analogue disturbances, such as chemical or mechanical treatments, have more pronounced legacy effects than treatments similar to natural disturbance regimes (fire). This study informs a broader understanding of how management actions affect natural systems by highlighting the importance of long-term management legacies as drivers of plant community structure and function. C1 [Ripplinger, Julie; Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ripplinger, Julie] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ripplinger, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM julie.ripplinger@asu.edu; janet.franklin@asu.edu; t.edwards@usu.edu RI Ripplinger, Julie/M-3213-2015 OI Ripplinger, Julie/0000-0002-2771-6637 FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; Ecology Center at Utah State University FX We are grateful to the Rich County Cooperative Resource Management group and members of the local ranching community for giving us permission to conduct surveys on their private lands. Additionally, we thank the Desert Land and Livestock, Bureau of Land Management, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and others for allowing us access to historical records. For assistance with field sampling and/or plant identification, we are indebted to J. Davidson, J. Johanson, T.B. Murphy, A. Reilly, J. Wolfgram and the invaluable staff of the Utah State University Intermountain Herbarium. For comments that improved the manuscript, we thank S.L. Collins and J.M. Serra-Diaz. We gratefully acknowledge the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve this manuscript. This work was funded by grants from Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Ecology Center at Utah State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 923 EP 933 DI 10.1111/jvs.12293 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CP4QZ UT WOS:000359868800011 ER PT J AU Rayl, ND Fuller, TK Organ, JF McDonald, JE Otto, RD Bastille-Rousseau, G Soulliere, CE Mahoney, SP AF Rayl, Nathaniel D. Fuller, Todd K. Organ, John F. McDonald, John E., Jr. Otto, Robert D. Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume Soulliere, Colleen E. Mahoney, Shane P. TI Spatiotemporal Variation in the Distribution of Potential Predators of a Resource Pulse: Black Bears and Caribou Calves in Newfoundland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aggregative response; black bear (Ursus americanus); calving grounds; caribou (Rangifer tarandus); carnivore management; neonates; Newfoundland; predator-prey interactions; predator reduction; ungulate conservation ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; LINEAR-MODELS; R-PACKAGE; YELLOWSTONE; STABILITY; MORTALITY; MIGRATION; SELECTION; DYNAMICS AB Understanding spatiotemporal variability in prey accessibility is important for disentangling predator-prey interactions and is relevant to management interventions to reduce predation. Recently, caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Newfoundland declined by 66%, with calf predation by black bears (Ursus americanus) implicated as a major proximate mechanism of the decline. Most predation occurs when calves are aggregated on calving grounds. We used telemetry data from 271 caribou and 45 black bears in 2 caribou herd ranges to examine spatial variability in calf accessibility, identify the distribution of potentially predatory bears, and assess the aggregative response of bears to the calf resource. We predicted whether a bear was a visitor to a calving ground during the calving season (a potentially predatory bear) based upon its sex, the herd range it occupied, its distance to the calving grounds, and the season. The distribution of potentially predatory bears and their degree of segregation from non-predatory bears varied seasonally. The probability of a bear visiting the calving grounds during calving decreased with increasing distance from the calving grounds, and was greater for males than for females in all seasons at distances beyond 2.4 km from the calving grounds. Residency time of bears increased in the calving grounds of 1 herd during calving, suggesting an aggregative response to neonates in that area. For both herds, the estimated distribution of potentially predatory bears was much larger than the calving grounds, illustrating that the relevant scale of predator-prey interactions may extend far beyond the area where lethal encounters occur. Our work highlights the value of examining spatiotemporal dynamics of predator movements prior to implementing ecosystem manipulations designed to reduce predation and provides a modeling framework that can be used to guide management interventions in systems with aggregated prey. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Rayl, Nathaniel D.; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Organ, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [McDonald, John E., Jr.] Westfield State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Westfield, MA 01086 USA. [Otto, Robert D.] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Inst Biodivers Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Dept Environm & Conservat, Corner Brook, NF A2H 7S1, Canada. [Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Soulliere, Colleen E.; Mahoney, Shane P.] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Dept Environm & Conservat, St John, NF A1B 4J6, Canada. RP Rayl, ND (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM nathanielrayl@gmail.com OI Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume/0000-0001-6799-639X FU Institute for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Science Sustainability; Sustainable Development and Strategic Science Division of the Newfoundland; Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation; Safari Club International Foundation FX This study was funded, and N.D.R. was supported, by the Institute for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Science & Sustainability and the Sustainable Development and Strategic Science Division of the Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation. Additional funding was provided by the Safari Club International Foundation. We thank S. Ellsworth, S. Gullage, T. Hodder, J. McGinn, F. Norman, and T. Murphy for logistical support. We thank T. Allen, T. Ball, J. Gullage, T. Hann, D. Jennings, R. Jennings, M. Mumma, D. O'Leary, M. Payne, T. Porter, and P. Tremblett for assisting with bear captures. We thank helicopter pilots G. Aldie, J. Maloney, G. Pearcey, and B. Slade for many hours of safe flying. We thank Editor-in-Chief E. Merrill, Associate Editor S. McCorquodale, Content Editor A. Cox, M. Festa-Bianchet, M. Obbard, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments that improved this manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1002/jwmg.936 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100002 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Sauer, JR Fleming, K Link, WA Garrettson, PR AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Sauer, John R. Fleming, Kathy Link, William A. Garrettson, Pamela R. TI Combining Waterfowl and Breeding Bird Survey Data to Estimate Wood Duck Breeding Population Size in the Atlantic Flyway SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey; Bayesian methods; breeding population; hierarchical models; North American Breeding Bird Survey; wood duck ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ABUNDANCE; STATES AB We combined data from the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey (AFBWS) and the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to estimate the number of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) in the United States portion of the Atlantic Flyway from 1993 to 2013. The AFBWS is a plot-based survey that covers most of the northern and central portions of the Flyway; when analyzed with adjustments for survey time of day effects, these data can be used to estimate population size. The BBS provides an index of wood duck abundance along roadside routes. Although factors influencing change in BBS counts over time can be controlled in BBS analysis, BBS indices alone cannot be used to derive population size estimates. We used AFBWS data to scale BBS indices for Bird Conservation Regions (BCR), basing the scaling factors on the ratio of estimated AFBWS population sizes to regional BBS indices for portions of BCRs that were common to both surveys. We summed scaled BBS results for portions of the Flyway not covered by the AFBWS with AFBWS population estimates to estimate a mean yearly total of 1,295,875 (mean 95% CI: 1,013,9401,727,922) wood ducks. Scaling factors varied among BCRs from 16.7 to 148.0; the mean scaling factor was 68.9 (mean 95% CI: 53.5-90.9). Flyway-wide, population estimates from the combined analysis were consistent with alternative estimates derived from harvest data, and also provide population estimates within states and BCRs. We recommend their use in harvest and habitat management within the Atlantic Flyway. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sauer, John R.; Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fleming, Kathy; Garrettson, Pamela R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 3020 State Univ Dr East,Modoc Hall,Suite 2007, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM guthrie_zimmerman@fws.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1061 DI 10.1002/jwmg.938 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100003 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, KA Nielsen, SE Zeigenfuss, LC Pague, CA AF Schoenecker, Kathryn A. Nielsen, Scott E. Zeigenfuss, Linda C. Pague, Chris A. TI Selection of Vegetation Types and Density of Bison in an Arid Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE arid climate; Baca National Wildlife Refuge; bison; Bison bison; cold desert; Great Sand Dunes National Park; habitat selection; Medano Ranch; resource selection function ID USE-AVAILABILITY DATA; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT-SELECTION; PLAINS BISON; FORAGING STRATEGIES; AMERICAN BISON; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; QUALITY AB Understanding species habitat selection and factors that drive selection are key components for conservation. We report the first resource selection functions (RSFs) for bison inhabiting an arid ecosystem and use them with density estimates of bison to estimate the number of bison that could be supported if the bison range were expanded to federal lands in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. We derived RSFs for vegetation types using locations of plains bison collected weekly over 3 years from 2005 to 2007. Bison selected for wet or mesic grassland habitats in all seasons. Wetland selection by bison was predicted to be 18 times greater than that of rabbitbrush vegetation, the reference category, and selection of meadows was predicted to be 11 times greater than that of the rabbitbrush type. Willow-dominated plant communities were strongly avoided. Cottonwood communities were also avoided, with the exception of some moderate levels of selection in fall. The willow and cottonwood communities have an understory with low biomass of herbaceous species and low productivity in this arid system. Based on the RSFs we predicted that in the San Luis Valley of Colorado up to 2,379 bison could be supported in similar habitats under Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) jurisdiction, and up to 759 bison could be supported on adjacent National Park Service (NPS) land. This modeling framework provides a conservation tool for the restoration of bison to their historical habitats, and has utility for application to other terrestrial species where assumptions are met. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Schoenecker, Kathryn A.; Zeigenfuss, Linda C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nielsen, Scott E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Pague, Chris A.] Nature Conservancy, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Schoenecker, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM schoeneckerk@usgs.gov FU Natural Resources Preservation Program, Washington D.C.; United States Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, Colorado FX We are grateful to K. Hagaman for her meticulous dedication to gathering bison location and activity data over the 3-year study period. We thank P. Robertson of The Nature Conservancy for providing insightful discussions, and overall project support. T. Bragg, J. Gossage, and D. Phillips assisted with deploying radio collars. We thank resource managers at Great Sand Dunes National Park and the staff of the Baca National Wildlife Refuge for logistical and project support. This project was funded by the Natural Resources Preservation Program, Washington D.C., with supplemental funds for modeling from the United States Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, Colorado. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1117 EP 1128 DI 10.1002/jwmg.940 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100009 ER PT J AU Stenglein, JL Van Deelen, TR Wydeven, AP Mladenoff, DJ Wiedenhoeft, JE Businga, NK Langenberg, JA Thomas, NJ Heisey, DM AF Stenglein, Jennifer L. Van Deelen, Timothy R. Wydeven, Adrian P. Mladenoff, David J. Wiedenhoeft, Jane E. Businga, Nancy K. Langenberg, Julia A. Thomas, Nancy J. Heisey, Dennis M. TI Mortality Patterns and Detection Bias from Carcass Data: An Example from Wolf Recovery in Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian modeling; bias correction; Canis lupus; carcasses; cause of mortality; detection probability; hierarchical modeling; necropsy; radio-collared; Wisconsin ID SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TELEMETRY; MODELS; FATALITY AB We developed models and provide computer code to make carcass recovery data more useful to wildlife managers. With these tools, wildlife managers can understand the spatial, temporal (e.g., across time periods, seasons), and demographic patterns in mortality causes from carcass recovery datasets. From datasets of radio-collared and non-collared carcasses, managers can calculate the detection bias by mortality cause in a non-collared carcass dataset compared to a collared carcass dataset. As a first step, we provide a standard procedure to assign mortality causes to carcasses. We provide an example of these methods for radio-collared wolves (n = 208) and non-collared wolves (n = 668) found dead in Wisconsin (1979-2012). We analyzed differences in mortality cause relative to season, age and sex classes, wolf harvest zones, and recovery phase (1979-1995: initial recovery, 1996-2002: early growth, 2003-2012: late growth). Seasonally, illegal kills and natural deaths were proportionally higher in winter (Oct-Mar) than summer (Apr-Sep) for collared wolves, whereas vehicle strikes and legal kills were higher in summer than winter. Spatially, more illegally killed collared wolves occurred in eastern wolf harvest zones where wolves reestablished more slowly and in the central forest region where optimal habitat is isolated by agriculture. Natural mortalities of collared wolves (e.g., disease, intraspecific strife, or starvation) were highest in western wolf harvest zones where wolves established earlier and existed at higher densities. Calculating detection bias in the non-collared dataset revealed that more than half of the non-collared carcasses on the landscape are not found. The lowest detection probabilities for non-collared carcasses (0.113-0.176) occurred in winter for natural, illegal, and unknown mortality causes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Stenglein, Jennifer L.; Van Deelen, Timothy R.; Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stenglein, Jennifer L.; Wydeven, Adrian P.; Businga, Nancy K.; Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Wiedenhoeft, Jane E.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Park Falls, WI 54552 USA. [Thomas, Nancy J.; Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Stenglein, JL (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM jennifer.stenglein@wisconsin.gov FU NSF-IGERT [DGE-1144752]; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; USGS National Wildlife Health Center; U.S. Department of Agricultur; University of Wisconsin - Madison Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology FX We thank R. Jurewicz, B. Kohn, D. MacFarland, R. Schultz, and D. Thiel for their contributions, and the WDNR pilots who radio-tracked the collared wolves. Thank you to M. Samuel for helpful comments. We thank our sources of funding and support: NSF-IGERT award DGE-1144752: Novel ecosystems, rapid change, andno-analog conditions: the future of biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the USGS National Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and University of Wisconsin - Madison Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1129 EP 1140 DI 10.1002/jwmg.922 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100010 ER PT J AU Beatty, WS Webb, EB Kesler, DC Naylor, LW Raedeke, AH Humburg, DD Coluccy, JM Soulliere, GJ AF Beatty, William S. Webb, Elisabeth B. Kesler, Dylan C. Naylor, Luke W. Raedeke, Andrew H. Humburg, Dale D. Coluccy, John M. Soulliere, Gregory J. TI An Empirical Evaluation of Landscape Energetic Models: Mallard and American Black Duck Space Use During the Non-Breeding Period SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; Anas rubripes; animal movement; annual cycle; energetics; first-passage time; intensity of use; waterfowl ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PLAYA LAKES REGION; HABITAT SELECTION; MIGRATING DUCKS; FOOD RESOURCES; BODY CONDITION; LAND-COVER; WATERFOWL; MOVEMENT AB Bird conservation Joint Ventures are collaborative partnerships between public agencies and private organizations that facilitate habitat management to support waterfowl and other bird populations. A subset of Joint Ventures has developed energetic carrying capacity models (ECCs) to translate regional waterfowl population goals into habitat objectives during the non-breeding period. Energetic carrying capacity models consider food biomass, metabolism, and available habitat to estimate waterfowl carrying capacity within an area. To evaluate Joint Venture ECCs in the context of waterfowl space use, we monitored 33 female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 55 female American black ducks (A. rubripes) using global positioning system satellite telemetry in the central and eastern United States. To quantify space use, we measured first-passage time (FPT: time required for an individual to transit across a circle of a given radius) at biologically relevant spatial scales for mallards (3.46 km) and American black ducks (2.30 km) during the non-breeding period, which included autumn migration, winter, and spring migration. We developed a series of models to predict FPT using Joint Venture ECCs and compared them to a biological null model that quantified habitat composition and a statistical null model, which included intercept and random terms. Energetic carrying capacity models predicted mallard space use more efficiently during autumn and spring migrations, but the statistical null was the top model for winter. For American black ducks, ECCs did not improve predictions of space use; the biological null was top ranked for winter and the statistical null was top ranked for spring migration. Thus, ECCs provided limited insight into predicting waterfowl space use during the non-breeding season. Refined estimates of spatial and temporal variation in food abundance, habitat conditions, and anthropogenic disturbance will likely improve ECCs and benefit conservation planners in linking non-breeding waterfowl habitat objectives with distribution and population parameters. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Beatty, William S.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kesler, Dylan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Naylor, Luke W.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Raedeke, Andrew H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Humburg, Dale D.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. [Coluccy, John M.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Soulliere, Gregory J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River & Great Lakes Reg Joint V, E Lansing, MI 48837 USA. RP Beatty, WS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM w_beatty@hotmail.com OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 FU Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Natural Resource Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project [68-3A75-11-39]; Department of Interior U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Science Center post-doctoral fellowship FX The Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided partial funding for this project. The Natural Resource Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project provided additional funding under grant 68-3A75-11-39. This project was also partially funded by the Department of Interior U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Science Center post-doctoral fellowships. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., and Ducks Unlimited Canada provided logistical support. We thank M. Brasher, H. Hagy, and A. Mini for their expert input on energetic carrying capacity models. We also thank A. Mini and 2 anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1153 EP 1163 DI 10.1002/jwmg.920 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100012 ER PT J AU Parsons, AW Simons, TR Pollock, KH Stoskopf, MK Stocking, JJ O'Connell, AF AF Parsons, Arielle W. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. Stoskopf, Michael K. Stocking, Jessica J. O'Connell, Allan F., Jr. TI Camera Traps and Mark-Resight Models: The Value of Ancillary Data for Evaluating Assumptions SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ancillary data; camera traps; detection bias; mark-resight; population estimation; Procyon lotor; raccoon ID SPATIAL CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; LINEAR HOME RANGES; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; POPULATION ESTIMATE; HABITAT SELECTION; NORTH-CAROLINA; RIVER OTTERS; DENSITY; SURVIVAL AB Unbiased estimators of abundance and density are fundamental to the study of animal ecology and critical for making sound management decisions. Capture-recapture models are generally considered the most robust approach for estimating these parameters but rely on a number of assumptions that are often violated but rarely validated. Mark-resight models, a form of capture-recapture, are well suited for use with noninvasive sampling methods and allow for a number of assumptions to be relaxed. We used ancillary data from continuous video and radio telemetry to evaluate the assumptions of mark-resight models for abundance estimation on a barrier island raccoon (Procyon lotor) population using camera traps. Our island study site was geographically closed, allowing us to estimate real survival and in situ recruitment in addition to population size. We found several sources of bias due to heterogeneity of capture probabilities in our study, including camera placement, animal movement, island physiography, and animal behavior. Almost all sources of heterogeneity could be accounted for using the sophisticated mark-resight models developed by McClintock et al. (2009b) and this model generated estimates similar to a spatially explicit mark-resight model previously developed for this population during our study. Spatially explicit capture-recapture models have become an important tool in ecology and confer a number of advantages; however, non-spatial models that account for inherent individual heterogeneity may perform nearly as well, especially where immigration and emigration are limited. Non-spatial models are computationally less demanding, do not make implicit assumptions related to the isotropy of home ranges, and can provide insights with respect to the biological traits of the local population. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Parsons, Arielle W.; Stocking, Jessica J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Parsons, AW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM arielle.parsons@naturalsciences.org FU National Park Service through Natural Resources Preservation Program (NRPP) FX This study was funded by the National Park Service through the Natural Resources Preservation Program (NRPP). We thank the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the National Park Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, and the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for their technical and logistical support throughout the study. We are grateful to J. Nichols, J. A. Royle, B. Patterson and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank A. Lawrence, S. Schulte, A. Efird, N. Tarr, and K. Oberneufemann for invaluable field assistance. In particular, we would like to thank M. Rikard and the staff of Cape Lookout National Seashore for their hospitality and assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1184 DI 10.1002/jwmg.931 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100014 ER PT J AU Hillman, MD Karpanty, SM Fraser, JD Derose-Wilson, A AF Hillman, Matthew D. Karpanty, Sarah M. Fraser, James D. Derose-Wilson, Audrey TI Effects of Aircraft and Recreation on Colonial Waterbird Nesting Behavior SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; black skimmer; common tern; gull-billed tern; least tern; military overflights; North Carolina ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS; NOISE; RESPONSES; WILDLIFE; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; DISTANCES; IMPACTS; PLOVERS AB Because of the variability in the types of human activities to which animals are exposed and the associated responses by different species, there is a lack of consensus on the effects of humans on wildlife behavior. We studied the effects of military air traffic, all-terrain vehicles, off-road vehicles, and pedestrians on the nesting behaviors of least terns (Sternula antillarum), common terns (Sterna hirundo), gull-billed terns (Gelochelidon nilotica), and black skimmers (Rynchops niger) at North Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO), North Carolina. We deployed digital audio recorders and time-lapse cameras within 9 colonies from May to August 2010-2011 and sampled nesting behaviors before, during, and after human activities. There was no evidence that military or civilian aircraft adversely affected incubation behavior for any of the focal species. The mean incubation rate by least terns was less during pedestrian events than control periods (91% vs. 79%, S= 2.2, P=0.04). The current patterns of aircraft operations are unlikely to affect colonial waterbird demographics. Current beach management policies restricting human activity to >50 m from colony boundaries mitigated adverse impacts to nesting colonial waterbirds. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hillman, Matthew D.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Fraser, James D.; Derose-Wilson, Audrey] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hillman, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Monomoy Natl Wildlife Refuge, 30 Wikis Way, Chatham, MA 02633 USA. EM matthew_hillman@fws.gov FU USMC; NPS; Federal Aviation Administration; Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point (MCASCP); Marine Corps Installations East FX Funding for this study was provided by the USMC in cooperation with the NPS and the Federal Aviation Administration related to establishment of the Core MOA. We thank C. Lombardo, Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point (MCASCP), and D. Plummer, Marine Corps Installations East, for sponsoring and supporting this study. We thank J. Guilianelli, K. Cobb, J. Riemer, J. Greene, E. Minchin, L. King, R. Harvey, C. R. Garcia, and other MCASCP personnel for providing radar data and coordinating experimental overflights. We thank NPS staff, including M. Rikard and J. Altman for extensive logistical support and A. Westmark, A. Preston, P. Dailey, and T. Faughnan for field support. We thank the NPS Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division, Ft. Collins, CO, especially D. Mennit, D. Joyce, and K. Fristrup, for assisting with acoustic analyses. We thank T. Simons, T. Borneman, and E. Rose of North Carolina State University for their collaboration. We are grateful to G. Dancourt, T. Brown, K. MacDonald, E. Heller, M. Friedrich, A. Russell, G. DeRose-Wilson, T. Geider, C. Avalone, D. Drewett, M. Weaver, S. Wurfel, and C. Kilheffer of Virginia Tech. We thank Dr. E. Merrill, Dr. F. Thompson, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1192 EP 1198 DI 10.1002/jwmg.925 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CP8QL UT WOS:000360159100016 ER PT J AU Baker, RJ Reilly, TJ Lopez, A Romanok, K Wengrowski, EW AF Baker, Ronald J. Reilly, Timothy J. Lopez, Anthony Romanok, Kristin Wengrowski, Edward W. TI Screening tool to evaluate the vulnerability of down-gradient receptors to groundwater contaminants from uncapped landfills SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Landfill; Contaminant; Transport; Model; Screening; Domenico ID DISPERSION; TRANSPORT; SCALE AB A screening tool for quantifying levels of concern for contaminants detected in monitoring wells on or near landfills to down-gradient receptors (streams, wetlands and residential lots) was developed and evaluated. The tool uses Quick Domenico Multi-scenario (QDM), a spreadsheet implementation of Domenico-based solute transport, to estimate concentrations of contaminants reaching receptors under steady-state conditions from a constant-strength source. Unlike most other available Domenico-based model applications, QDM calculates the time for down-gradient contaminant concentrations to approach steady state and appropriate dispersivity values, and allows for up to fifty simulations on a single spreadsheet. Sensitivity of QDM solutions to critical model parameters was quantified. The screening tool uses QDM results to categorize landfills as having high, moderate and low levels of concern, based on contaminant concentrations reaching receptors relative to regulatory concentrations. The application of this tool was demonstrated by assessing levels of concern (as defined by the New Jersey Pinelands Commission) for thirty closed, uncapped landfills in the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve, using historic water-quality data from monitoring wells on and near landfills and hydraulic parameters from regional flow models. Twelve of these landfills are categorized as having high levels of concern, indicating a need for further assessment. This tool is not a replacement for conventional numerically-based transport model or other available Domenico-based applications, but is suitable for quickly assessing the level of concern posed by a landfill or other contaminant point source before expensive and lengthy monitoring or remediation measures are taken. In addition to quantifying the level of concern using historic groundwater-monitoring data, the tool allows for archiving model scenarios and adding refinements as new data become available. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, Ronald J.; Reilly, Timothy J.; Romanok, Kristin] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Lopez, Anthony] Bayer Risse Engn Inc, Hampton, NJ 08827 USA. [Wengrowski, Edward W.] New Jersey Pinelands Commiss, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. RP Baker, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. FU New Jersey Pinelands Commission FX Financial and technical support was provided by the New Jersey Pinelands Commission. Landfill and water-quality data were provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Science. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP4ST UT WOS:000359873600040 PM 26092474 ER PT J AU Olsen, JB Lewis, CJ Massengill, RL Dunker, KJ Wenburg, JK AF Olsen, Jeffrey B. Lewis, Cara J. Massengill, Robert L. Dunker, Kristine J. Wenburg, John K. TI An evaluation of target specificity and sensitivity of three qPCR assays for detecting environmental DNA from Northern Pike (Esox lucius) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Northern Pike; Esox lucius; Invasive species; eDNA AB We developed and evaluated three qPCR assays for detecting environmental DNA from northern pike (Esox lucius). The assays target the cytochrome oxidase 1 (EluCOI), control region (EluCR), and cytochrome b (EluCytB) genes of the mitochondrial DNA. Target specificity, assessed using the fluorescence signal (at 45 cycles) to noise (at 1 cycle) ratio (S/N), showed strong amplification in northern pike (mean S/N = 2.62, 3.52, 2.69 for EluCOI, EluCR, EluCytB). The mean S/N estimates from fifteen non-esocid freshwater fishes were about 1.0, as expected for no amplification. EluCR showed evidence of amplification (mean S/N = 3.16) in muskellunge (Esox masquinongy). The sensitivity tests indicated EluCOI has a higher detection probability than EluCR and EluCytB at low (20 copies/reaction) copy number. The results favor using EluCOI although EluCytB and EluCR are viable assays for the detection of northern pike eDNA. C1 [Olsen, Jeffrey B.; Lewis, Cara J.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Massengill, Robert L.; Dunker, Kristine J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Olsen, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_olsen@fws.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 615 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0459-x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CO9UM UT WOS:000359521500003 ER PT J AU Hoy, MS Ostberg, CO AF Hoy, M. S. Ostberg, C. O. TI Development of 20 TaqMan assays differentiating the endangered shortnose and Lost River suckers SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; RAD sequencing; SNP analysis; Hybridization; Conservation ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; SNP DISCOVERY; OREGON AB Accurate species identification is vital to conservation and management of species at risk. Species identification is challenging when taxa express similar phenotypic characters and form hybrids, for example the endangered shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus). Here, we developed 20 Taqman assays that differentiate these species (19 nuclear DNA and one mitochondrial DNA). Assays were evaluated in 160 young-of-the-year identified to species using meristic counts. Alleles were not fixed between species, but species were highly differentiated (F (ST) = 0.753, P < 0.001). The assays developed herein will be a valuable tool for resource managers. C1 [Hoy, M. S.; Ostberg, C. O.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhoy@usgs.gov; costberg@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation [R09PG20056]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Samples were collected by biologists at Western Fisheries Research Center, Klamath Falls Field Station and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Area Office. Summer Burdick, Dan Drinan, Lisa Seeb, Jim Seeb, and Mike Miller provided advice and assistance. Mike Miller provided P1 RAD adapters. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation through Interagency Agreement R09PG20056 and by U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 673 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0474-y PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CO9UM UT WOS:000359521500016 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Springmann, MJ Shroades, KM Stone, RP AF Morrison, C. L. Springmann, M. J. Shroades, K. M. Stone, R. P. TI Development of twelve microsatellite loci in the red tree corals Primnoa resedaeformis and Primnoa pacifica SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Primnoa; Cold-water coral; Mid-Atlantic Canyons; Gulf of Alaska; Microsatellites ID PRIMERS AB A suite of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide microsatellite loci were developed from Roche 454 pyrosequencing data for the cold-water octocorals Primnoa resedaeformis and P. pacifica. Twelve of 98 primer sets tested consistently amplified in 30 P. resedaeformis samples from Baltimore Canyon (western North Atlantic Ocean) and in 24 P. pacifica samples (Shutter Ridge, eastern Gulf of Alaska). The loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (average 7.5 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 47 %). Levels of genetic diversity were sufficient to produce unique multi-locus genotypes and to distinguish species. These common species are long-lived (hundreds of years) and provide essential fish habitat (P. pacifica), yet populations are provided little protection from human activities. These loci will be used to determine regional patterns of population connectivity to inform effective marine spatial planning and ecosystem-based fisheries management. C1 [Morrison, C. L.; Springmann, M. J.; Shroades, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Stone, R. P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cmorrison@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Outer Continental Shelf Program; NOAA's Deep-sea Coral Research and Technology Program; BOEM FX Funding was provided by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Outer Continental Shelf Program, NOAA's Deep-sea Coral Research and Technology Program, and was sponsored by BOEM. Special thanks to M. Andersen, A. Demopoulos, C. Kellogg and D.K. Coykendall (USGS), and G. Boland (BOEM). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 763 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0455-1 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CO9UM UT WOS:000359521500038 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Garner, BA van Tuinen, M Arbogast, BS AF King, T. L. Eackles, M. S. Garner, B. A. van Tuinen, M. Arbogast, B. S. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite DNA; Narrow endemic; Differentiation; Demographics; Cross-species; Triodopsis platysayoides; T. juxtidens AB The hermaphroditic flat-spired three-tooth land snail (Triodopsis platysayoides) is endemic to a 21-km stretch of the Cheat River Gorge of northeastern West Virginia, USA. We document isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite DNA markers in this at-risk species. The markers displayed a moderate level of allelic diversity (averaging 7.1 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 58.6 %). Allelic diversity at seven loci was sufficient to produce unique multilocus genotypes; no indication of selfing was detected in this cosexual species. Minimal deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium were observed within subpopulations. All loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectations when individuals from subpopulations were pooled. Microsatellite markers developed for T. platysayoides yielded sufficient genetic diversity to (1) distinguish all individuals sampled and the level of selfing; (2) be appropriate for addressing fine-scale population structuring; (3) provide novel demographic insights for the species; and (4) cross-amplify and detect allelic diversity in the congeneric T. juxtidens. C1 [King, T. L.; Eackles, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Garner, B. A.; van Tuinen, M.; Arbogast, B. S.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Leetown Science Center (USGS-LSC); USGS; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Science Support Program; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Leetown Science Center (USGS-LSC), the USGS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Science Support Program, and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 767 EP 769 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0456-0 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CO9UM UT WOS:000359521500039 ER PT J AU Coykendall, DK Morrison, CL AF Coykendall, D. K. Morrison, C. L. TI Nine microsatellite loci developed from the octocoral, Paragorgia arborea SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Paragorgia arborea; Bubblegum coral; Cold-water coral; Microsatellites ID PRIMERS AB Paragorgia arborea, or bubblegum coral, occurs in continental slope habitats worldwide, which are increasingly threatened by human activities such as energy development and fisheries practices. From 101 putative loci screened, nine microsatellite markers were developed from samples taken from Baltimore canyon in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The number of alleles ranged from two to thirteen per locus and each displayed equilibrium. These nuclear resources will help further research on population connectivity in threatened coral species where mitochondrial markers are known to lack fine-scale genetic diversity. C1 [Coykendall, D. K.; Morrison, C. L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Coykendall, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM dcoykendall@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Outer Continental Shelf Program; NOAA's Deep-sea Coral Research and Technology Program; BOEM FX Funding provided by USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, Outer Continental Shelf Program, NOAA's Deep-sea Coral Research and Technology Program, and sponsored by BOEM. Special thanks to M. Andersen, A. Demopoulos, C. Kellogg, E. Hanneman, L. Sanders, and G. Boland. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 7 IS 3 BP 771 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s12686-015-0457-z PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CO9UM UT WOS:000359521500040 ER PT J AU Glotzbecker, GJ Ward, JL Walters, DM Blum, MJ AF Glotzbecker, Gregory J. Ward, Jessica L. Walters, David M. Blum, Michael J. TI Turbidity alters pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive stream fishes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; communication; hybridisation; sediment; signalling ID FEMALE MATE CHOICE; MALE COLORATION; CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS; SEXUAL SELECTION; WATER TURBIDITY; CICHLID FISH; HYBRID SWARM; STICKLEBACKS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION AB Environmental degradation can result in the loss of aquatic biodiversity if impairment promotes hybridisation between non-native and native species. Although aquatic biological invasions involving hybridisation have been attributed to elevated water turbidity, the extent to which impaired clarity influences reproductive isolation among non-native and native species is poorly understood. We examined whether turbidity influences intraspecific and interspecific pre-mating social interactions between invasive red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) from the Upper Coosa River Basin (U.S.A.). We found that the number or duration of conspecific and heterospecific interactions increased under turbid conditions. Additionally, we found evidence indicating that native blacktail shiner females are especially likely to interact with invasive red shiner males due to species- and sex-specific responses to turbid conditions. These findings suggest that elevated turbidity can increase pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive species, which could result in greater hybridisation and promote the genetic assimilation of native species following species introductions. Thus, integrating knowledge of species behaviour into conservation and management planning can help deter the establishment and spread of invasive species. C1 [Glotzbecker, Gregory J.; Ward, Jessica L.; Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Ward, Jessica L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ward, Jessica L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Glotzbecker, GJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 400 Lindy Boggs, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM gglotzbe@tulane.edu FU Tulane University; Ecological Exposure Research Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Naval Research of the U.S. Department of Defense FX We would like to thank Fernanda Sa for assisting with care and maintenance of the fish used in this study. We thank Erick Gagne, Travis Haas and Brandon Policky for assisting with collections. We also thank Prof. Colin Townsend and three reviewers for helpful comments that strengthened the manuscript. All specimens were collected under permits issued by the State of Alabama and the State of Georgia. This study was supported by Tulane University, the Ecological Exposure Research Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Office of Naval Research of the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1784 EP 1793 DI 10.1111/fwb.12610 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CP3KY UT WOS:000359779000005 ER PT J AU Houser, JN Bartsch, LA Richardson, WB Rogala, JT Sullivan, JF AF Houser, Jeffrey N. Bartsch, Lynn A. Richardson, William B. Rogala, James T. Sullivan, John F. TI Ecosystem metabolism and nutrient dynamics in the main channel and backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; hydrologic connectivity; nitrogen; phosphorus; primary production ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS TRANSFER VELOCITY; HUDSON RIVER; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; AQUATIC VEGETATION; TENNESSEE RIVERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHIELD LAKES; WIND-SPEED AB Photosynthesis and respiration are primary drivers of dissolved oxygen dynamics in rivers. We measured dissolved oxygen dynamics, aquatic ecosystem metabolism, algal abundance and nutrient concentrations at main channel and backwater sites on a reach of the Upper Mississippi River that borders the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota (U.S.A.). We asked (i) how ecosystem metabolism rates, dissolved oxygen dynamics and nutrient concentrations differed in the main channel and in backwaters, (ii) whether ecosystem metabolism relates to solar irradiance, nutrient concentration, algal abundance, temperature and river discharge and (iii) whether the relationships between ecosystem metabolism and these environmental factors differs between the main channel and backwaters. The rates of aquatic ecosystem metabolism in the main channel were among the highest reported for large rivers. Mean daily gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R) and net ecosystem production (NEP) in the main channel in the 2006 growing season were 10, 6 and 4g O(2)m(2) d(-1), respectively. Solar irradiance, discharge and temperature, rather than nutrients, accounted for most temporal variability in gross primary production (GPP). Discharge was negatively associated with GPP in the main channel and temperature positively associated with GPP in backwaters. Primary production consistently exceeded respiration in the main channel in summer, resulting in persistent oxygen supersaturation from late June to early August. Maximum chlorophyll concentrations (140g L-1) were observed in the main channel, rather than the backwaters. Nitrogen and phosphorus exhibited contrasting temporal patterns in backwaters probably reflecting differences in their sources and sinks; N declined during the growing season while P increased. C1 [Houser, Jeffrey N.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Richardson, William B.; Rogala, James T.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Sullivan, John F.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhouser@usgs.gov OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) programme FX Field and laboratory work were conducted by B. Campbell, P. Kelly, C. Bauch. Reviews by J.W. Barko and anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. Funding provided by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) programme. Unpublished monitoring data are from the UMRR Long Term Resource Monitoring (LTRM) data set. LTRM data for Navigation Pool 8 were collected by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources staff including S. Giblin, B. Campbell, K. Hoff, J. Fischer and many others. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1863 EP 1879 DI 10.1111/fwb.12617 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CP3KY UT WOS:000359779000011 ER PT J AU Snover, ML Adams, MJ Ashton, DT Bettaso, JB Welsh, HH AF Snover, Melissa L. Adams, Michael J. Ashton, Donald T. Bettaso, Jamie B. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI Evidence of counter-gradient growth in western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) across thermal gradients SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE counter-gradient growth; phenotypic plasticity; western pond turtle ID GROWING DEGREE-DAY; SIZE-AT-AGE; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; REACTION NORMS; BODY-SIZE; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; CLEMMYS-MARMORATA; TRADE-OFFS AB Counter-gradient growth, where growth per unit temperature increases as temperature decreases, can reduce the variation in ectothermic growth rates across environmental gradients. Understanding how ectothermic species respond to changing temperatures is essential to their conservation and management due to human-altered habitats and changing climates. Here, we use two contrasting populations of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) to model the effect of artificial and variable temperature regimes on growth and age at reproductive maturity. The two populations occur on forks of the Trinity River in northern California, U.S.A. The South Fork Trinity River (South Fork) is unregulated, while the main stem of the Trinity River (Main Stem) is dammed and has peak seasonal temperatures that are approximately 10 degrees C colder than the South Fork. Consistent with other studies, we found reduced annual growth rates for turtles in the colder Main Stem compared to the warmer South Fork. The South Fork population matured approximately 9year earlier, on average, and at a larger body size than the Main Stem population. When we normalised growth rates for the thermal opportunity for growth using water-growing degree-days (GDD), we found the reverse for growth rates and age at reproductive maturity. Main Stem turtles grew approximately twice as fast as South Fork turtles per GDD. Main Stem turtles also required approximately 50% fewer GDD to reach their smaller size at reproductive maturity compared to the larger South Fork turtles. We found we could accurately hindcast growth rates based on water temperatures estimated from the total volume of discharge from the dam into the Main Stem, providing a management tool for predicting the impacts of the dam on turtle growth rates. Given the importance of size and age at reproductive maturity to population dynamics, this information on counter-gradient growth will improve our ability to understand and predict the consequences of dam operations for downstream turtle populations. C1 [Snover, Melissa L.; Adams, Michael J.; Ashton, Donald T.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ashton, Donald T.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. [Bettaso, Jamie B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, East Lansing Field Off, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM melissa.snover@gmail.com FU Trinity River Restoration Program FX Primary funding for this work was provided by the Trinity River Restoration Program. We are grateful to all who assisted in this project. D. Reese and her field crew (J. Glueck, A. Lind, J. Metz, S. Mook, K. Sadowski, K. Schlick, K. Shimizu, C. Walker, D. Welsh, and R. Wilson) collected the 1990s data. In the 2000s, R. Bourque, J. Garwood, E. Russell, O. Miano and M. Best conducted field efforts and a number of volunteers occasionally assisted with data recording and dive surveys: J. Ogawa, A. Quinn, G. Hodgson, D. Goodman, M. Dean, C. Bondi, M. Thomas, K. Kreick, M. Johnson, C. West, A. Krause and C. Chamberlain. This manuscript was improved by comments from R. B. Bury and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1944 EP 1963 DI 10.1111/fwb.12623 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CP3KY UT WOS:000359779000017 ER PT J AU Monroe, EM Britten, HB AF Monroe, Emy M. Britten, Hugh B. TI Single-sample estimation of effective population size in several populations of the endangered Hine's emerald dragonfly SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE N-e; ONeSAMP; LDNe; Somatochlora hineana ID CONTEMPORARY EFFECTIVE POPULATION; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SOMATOCHLORA-HINEANA; CONSERVATION; PERSISTENCE; PROGRAM; DECLINE; ODONATA AB Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) is the only odonate on the US Endangered Species list. It prefers discrete fen-and-wet-meadow habitat from Ontario, Canada, to Missouri, USA. This habitat has been destroyed across much of S. hineana's range. Its conservation genetics were assessed by microsatellite analysis in a previous study. We applied 2 common single-sample estimators to the same data set to estimate effective population size (N-e), or effective number of breeders, in 5 populations (separated into adult and naiad stage classes) across the species' range in 2008 and 2010-2011. Populations of the species in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin, and along the Des Plaines River Valley in Illinois are made up of individuals collected from multiple sites, but the other 2 populations, at Cedarburg Bog, Wisconsin, and along the Lower Wisconsin River, consist of samples from single habitats disjunct from other known sites. N-e for S. hineana were similar to those for other endangered insects and ranged from 22 adults in the Des Plaines River Valley population in 2010 to 200 adults in the Door Peninsula population in 2010 based on approximate Bayesian estimation in ONeSAMP and from 8 naiads in the Door Peninsula population to 419 adults in the Des Plaines River Valley population based on the linkage disequilibrium method in NeEstimator. These N-e values confirm the endangered status of this species and indicate that efforts to maintain current habitats and connectivity to suitable habitat are essential to maintaining genetic diversity. C1 [Monroe, Emy M.; Britten, Hugh B.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. RP Monroe, EM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Whitney Genet Lab, 555 Lester Ave, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM emy_monroe@fws.gov; hugh.britten@usd.edu FU Illinois State Toll Highway Authority; Illinois Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation [MRI-0923419] FX We thank the many Soluk lab summer research technicians, L. Heintzman, L. Brotkowski, A. Monroe, and M. Lefdal for help obtaining field specimens. Funding was provided by the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority, and we thank A. La Porte for assistance as our point of contact with that agency. Additional funding was provided by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and US Fish and Wildlife Service. None of our funding sources had any role in study design, execution of the work, or writing of the manuscript. In-kind support was provided by The Nature Conservancy Wisconsin Chapter, the DuPage County Forest Preserve District, and the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Station. Funding for the genetic analyzer was provided by the National Science Foundation grant #MRI-0923419. We thank L. Riley and J. Filler for assistance in the laboratory, J. Brown for creating the map, K. Lah (US Fish and Wildlife Service Chicago Field Office) for his continuing support, and 2 anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. All specimens were obtained under permits TE805269-11 and TE805269-13 issued by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as well as all required state and local permits. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 44 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1058 EP 1064 DI 10.1086/682073 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CP1WL UT WOS:000359667700022 ER PT J AU Linquist, B Snyder, R Anderson, F Espino, L Inglese, G Marras, S Moratiel, R Mutters, R Nicolosi, P Rejmanek, H Russo, A Shapland, T Song, ZW Swelam, A Tindula, G Hill, J AF Linquist, Bruce Snyder, Richard Anderson, Frank Espino, Luis Inglese, Guglielmo Marras, Serena Moratiel, Ruben Mutters, Randall Nicolosi, Placido Rejmanek, Honza Russo, Alfonso Shapland, Tom Song, Zhenwei Swelam, Atef Tindula, Gwen Hill, Jim TI Water balances and evapotranspiration in water- and dry-seeded rice systems SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; SURFACE RENEWAL; EDDY COVARIANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; FIELD; CLOSURE; HEAT AB Rice is a crop that is usually grown under flooded conditions and can require large amounts of water. The objective of this 3-year study was to quantify water use in water- (WS) and dry-seeded (DS) systems. In WS systems, the field is continuously flooded, while in DS systems the field is flush irrigated for the first month and then flooded. Research was conducted on commercial rice fields where the residual of the energy balance method using a sonic anemometer and the eddy covariance method were used to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (K-c) values. In addition, inlet irrigation water and tailwater drainage were determined. Across years, there was no difference in ETc (averaged 862 mm), seasonal K-c (averaged 1.07), irrigation water delivery (averaged 1839 mm) and calculated percolation and seepage losses (averaged 269 mm) between systems. An analysis of the first month of the season, when the water management between these two practices was different, indicated that K-c and water use were lower in DS systems relative to WS systems when there was only one irrigation flush during this period, while two or three irrigation flushes resulted in similar values between the two systems. C1 [Linquist, Bruce; Hill, Jim] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Snyder, Richard; Rejmanek, Honza; Tindula, Gwen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, Frank] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Espino, Luis] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Colusa, CA 95932 USA. [Inglese, Guglielmo; Nicolosi, Placido] Palermo State Univ, Dipartimento Colture Arboree, Palermo, Italy. [Marras, Serena] Univ Sassari, Dept Sci Nat & Environm Resources, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Marras, Serena] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change CMCC, Sassari, Italy. [Moratiel, Ruben] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Plant Prod, Madrid, Spain. [Mutters, Randall] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Oroville, CA 95965 USA. [Russo, Alfonso] Univ Catania, Dept Agr Engn, Catania, Italy. [Shapland, Tom] Univ Calif Davis, Hort & Agron Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Song, Zhenwei] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Key Lab Crop Physiol & Ecol, Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Swelam, Atef] Zagazig Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Zagazig, Egypt. RP Linquist, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM balinquist@ucdavis.edu OI Inglese, Paolo/0000-0001-7394-4633 FU California Department of Water Resources through Water Use Efficiency Grant [4600004204] FX The authors want to thank the California Department of Water Resources for funding this research through a Water Use Efficiency Grant: Agreement 4600004204 "Water Use Efficiency in Sacramento Valley Rice Production". NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s00271-015-0474-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA CP3ZU UT WOS:000359822600005 ER PT J AU Whitman, E Batllori, E Parisien, MA Miller, C Coop, JD Krawchuk, MA Chong, GW Haire, SL AF Whitman, Ellen Batllori, Enric Parisien, Marc-Andre Miller, Carol Coop, Jonathan D. Krawchuk, Meg A. Chong, Geneva W. Haire, Sandra L. TI The climate space of fire regimes in north-western North America SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Burn severity; climate; fire cause; fire frequency; fire regime; fire season; human influence; North America; pyrogeography; wildfire ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; WILDFIRE; MODEL; AUSTRALIA; AREA; CLASSIFICATION; DIVERSITY; FRAMEWORK AB AimStudies of fire activity along environmental gradients have been undertaken, but the results of such studies have yet to be integrated with fire-regime analysis. We characterize fire-regime components along climate gradients and a gradient of human influence. LocationWe focus on a climatically diverse region of north-western North America extending from northern British Columbia, Canada, to northern Utah and Colorado, USA. MethodsWe used a multivariate framework to collapse 12 climatic variables into two major climate gradients and binned them into 73 discrete climate domains. We examined variation in fire-regime components (frequency, size, severity, seasonality and cause) across climate domains. Fire-regime attributes were compiled from existing databases and Landsat imagery for 1897 large fires. Relationships among the fire-regime components, climate gradients and human influence were examined through bivariate regressions. The unique contribution of human influence was also assessed. ResultsA primary climate gradient of temperature and summer precipitation and a secondary gradient of continentality and winter precipitation in the study area were identified. Fire occupied a distinct central region of such climate space, within which fire-regime components varied considerably. We identified significant interrelations between fire-regime components of fire size, frequency, burn severity and cause. The influence of humans was apparent in patterns of burn severity and ignition cause. Main conclusionsWildfire activity is highest where thermal and moisture gradients converge to promote fuel production, flammability and ignitions. Having linked fire-regime components to large-scale climate gradients, we show that fire regimes - like the climate that controls them - are a part of a continuum, expanding on models of varying constraints on fire activity. The observed relationships between fire-regime components, together with the distinct role of climatic and human influences, generate variation in biotic communities. Thus, future changes to climate may lead to ecological changes through altered fire regimes. C1 [Whitman, Ellen; Krawchuk, Meg A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Whitman, Ellen; Parisien, Marc-Andre] Nat Resources Canada, No Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Batllori, Enric] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. [Batllori, Enric] CSIC CTFC CREAF, InForest Joint Res Unit, CEMFOR CTFC, Solsona 25280, Spain. [Batllori, Enric] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Miller, Carol] Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Coop, Jonathan D.] Western State Colorado Univ, Ctr Environm & Sustainabil, Gunnison, CO USA. [Chong, Geneva W.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Jackson, WY USA. [Haire, Sandra L.] Haire Lab Landscape Ecol, Rockport, MA USA. RP Whitman, E (reprint author), No Forestry Ctr, 5320-122nd St NW, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. EM ewhitman@ualberta.ca OI Whitman, Ellen/0000-0002-4562-3645; Haire, Sandra/0000-0002-5356-7567; Batllori, Enric/0000-0002-2130-0489 FU Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS Gap Analysis Project FX We thank Karen Short, Dan Thompson, Ron Hall, Rob Skakun and Carl Albury for their support of and contributions to this research. We also thank the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the USGS Gap Analysis Project for funding this research. Any mention of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1736 EP 1749 DI 10.1111/jbi.12533 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CO7XJ UT WOS:000359376600014 ER PT J AU Akob, DM Cozzarelli, IM Dunlap, DS Rowan, EL Lorah, MM AF Akob, Denise M. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Dunlap, Darren S. Rowan, Elisabeth L. Lorah, Michelle M. TI Organic and inorganic composition and microbiology of produced waters from Pennsylvania shale gas wells SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUIDS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; WASTE-WATER; SP-NOV; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BARNETT SHALE; OIL-FIELD; EXTRACTION AB Hydraulically fractured shales are becoming an increasingly important source of natural gas production in the United States. This process has been known to create up to 420 gallons of produced water (PW) per day, but the volume varies depending on the formation, and the characteristics of individual hydraulic fracture. PW from hydraulic fracturing of shales are comprised of injected fracturing fluids and natural formation waters in proportions that change over time. Across the state of Pennsylvania, shale gas production is booming; therefore, it is important to assess the variability in PW chemistry and microbiology across this geographical span. We quantified the inorganic and organic chemical composition and microbial communities in PW samples from 13 shale gas wells in north central Pennsylvania. Microbial abundance was generally low (66-9400 cells/mL). Non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) was high (7-31 mg/L) relative to typical shallow groundwater, and the presence of organic acid anions (e.g., acetate, formate, and pyruvate) indicated microbial activity. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in four samples (similar to 1 to 11.7 mu g/L): benzene and toluene in the Burket sample, toluene in two Marcellus samples, and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in one Marcellus sample. VOCs can be either naturally occurring or from industrial activity, making the source of VOCs unclear. Despite the addition of biocides during hydraulic fracturing, H2S-producing, fermenting, and methanogenic bacteria were cultured from PW samples. The presence of culturable bacteria was not associated with salinity or location; although organic compound concentrations and time in production were correlated with microbial activity. Interestingly, we found that unlike the inorganic chemistry, PW organic chemistry and microbial viability were highly variable across the 13 wells sampled, which can have important implications for the reuse and handling of these fluids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Akob, Denise M.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Dunlap, Darren S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rowan, Elisabeth L.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lorah, Michelle M.] US Geol Survey, Maryland Delaware DC Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Akob, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dakob@usgs.gov OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Program; USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program; USGS Energy Research Program FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Program, the USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program, and the USGS Energy Research Program. Appreciation is extended to Jeanne B. Jaeschke of the USGS for her assistance with organic compound analysis. The authors would also like to thank Kaylene M. Charles, Jean Michael Chanchu, and J. Grace Klinges for assistance with microbial analyses. In addition, we would like to thank our industry collaborators for facilitating research through site access through a Collaborative Agreement with the USGS. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 20 U2 89 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 60 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CO5BG UT WOS:000359174000012 ER PT J AU Lorah, MM Walker, C Graves, D AF Lorah, Michelle M. Walker, Charles Graves, Duane TI Performance of an anaerobic, static bed, fixed film bioreactor for chlorinated solvent treatment SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Fixed film bioreactor; Reductive dechlorination; 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane; Groundwater treatment; Dechlorinating culture; Chlorinated solvents ID SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR; UASB REACTOR; ALIPHATIC-COMPOUNDS; 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE; BIOREMEDIATION; DECHLORINATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; ETHENE; WATER; 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE AB Anaerobic, fixed film, bioreactors bioaugmented with a dechlorinating microbial consortium were evaluated as a potential technology for cost effective, sustainable, and reliable treatment of mixed chlorinated ethanes and ethenes in groundwater from a large groundwater recovery system. Bench- and pilot-scale testing at about 3 and 13,500 L, respectively, demonstrated that total chlorinated solvent removal to less than the permitted discharge limit of 100 mu g/L. Various planned and unexpected upsets, interruptions, and changes demonstrated the robustness and reliability of the bioreactor system, which handled the operational variations with no observable change in performance. Key operating parameters included an adequately long hydraulic retention time for the surface area, a constant supply of electron donor, pH control with a buffer to minimize pH variance, an oxidation reduction potential of approximately -200 millivolts or lower, and a well-adapted biomass capable of degrading the full suite of chlorinated solvents in the groundwater. Results indicated that the current discharge criteria can be met using a bioreactor technology that is less complex and has less downtime than the sorption based technology currently being used to treat the groundwater. C1 [Lorah, Michelle M.; Walker, Charles] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Graves, Duane] Geosyntec Consultants Inc, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Lorah, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM mmlorah@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army FX We thank the U.S. Army for funding this study, and John Wrobel and Jeff Aichroth (Directorate of Public Works, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland) for logistical support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 EI 1572-9729 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD SEP PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 341 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s10532-015-9738-1 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CO6KB UT WOS:000359264500001 PM 26154697 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Norris, BK Rosenberger, KJ AF Storlazzi, Curt D. Norris, Ben K. Rosenberger, Kurt J. TI The influence of grain size, grain color, and suspended-sediment concentration on light attenuation: Why fine-grained terrestrial sediment is bad for coral reef ecosystems SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Turbidity; Light attenuation; PAR; Grain size; Grain color; Suspended-sediment concentration ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; TURBIDITY; MOLOKAI; HAWAII; FLAT; FLUORESCENCE; PARTICLES; ESTUARY AB Sediment has been shown to be a major stressor to coral reefs globally. Although many researchers have tested the impact of sedimentation on coral reef ecosystems in both the laboratory and the field and some have measured the impact of suspended sediment on the photosynthetic response of corals, there has yet to be a detailed investigation on how properties of the sediment itself can affect light availability for photosynthesis. We show that finer-grained and darker-colored sediment at higher suspended-sediment concentrations attenuates photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) significantly more than coarser, lighter-colored sediment at lower concentrations and provide PAR attenuation coefficients for various grain sizes, colors, and suspended-sediment concentrations that are needed for biophysical modeling. Because finer-grained sediment particles settle more slowly and are more susceptible to resuspension, they remain in the water column longer, thus causing greater net impact by reducing light essential for photosynthesis over a greater duration. This indicates that coral reef monitoring studies investigating sediment impacts should concentrate on measuring fine-grained lateritic and volcanic soils, as opposed to coarser-grained siliceous and carbonate sediment. Similarly, coastal restoration efforts and engineering solutions addressing long-term coral reef ecosystem health should focus on preferentially retaining those fine-grained soils rather than coarse silt and sand particles. C1 [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Norris, Ben K.; Rosenberger, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This research was carried out as part of the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coral Reefs Project in an effort in the USA and its trust territories to better understand the effects of geologic and oceanographic processes on coral reef systems and was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. This work was inspired by numerous conversations with Paul Jokiel (UHHIMB) and Greg Piniak (NOAA). We would also like to thank Amy East (USGS), Chris Perry (UE), and two anonymous reviewers who contributed numerous excellent suggestions and a timely review of our work. Use of trademark names does not suggest USGS endorsement of products. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2015 VL 34 IS 3 BP 967 EP 975 DI 10.1007/s00338-015-1268-0 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO4WL UT WOS:000359161500027 ER PT J AU Passalacqua, P Belmont, P Staley, DM Simley, JD Arrowsmith, JR Bode, CA Crosby, C DeLong, SB Glenn, NF Kelly, SA Lague, D Sangireddy, H Schaffrath, K Tarboton, DG Wasklewicz, T Wheaton, JM AF Passalacqua, Paola Belmont, Patrick Staley, Dennis M. Simley, Jeffrey D. Arrowsmith, J. Ramon Bode, Collin A. Crosby, Christopher DeLong, Stephen B. Glenn, Nancy F. Kelly, Sara A. Lague, Dimitri Sangireddy, Harish Schaffrath, Keelin Tarboton, David G. Wasklewicz, Thad Wheaton, Joseph M. TI Analyzing high resolution topography for advancing the understanding of mass and energy transfer through landscapes: A review SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Lidar; Geomorphic features; Change detection; Point cloud; InSAR; IfSAR; Bathymetry; Structure from Motion; Filtering ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; HILLSLOPE EVOLUTION MODEL; TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER; DRAINAGE-BASIN EVOLUTION; CHANNEL NETWORK GROWTH; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DIFFERENTIAL LIDAR; POINT CLOUDS AB The study of mass and energy transfer across landscapes has recently evolved to comprehensive considerations acknowledging the role of biota and humans as geomorphic agents, as well as the importance of small-scale landscape features. A contributing and supporting factor to this evolution is the emergence over the last two decades of technologies able to acquire high resolution topography (HRT) (meter and sub-meter resolution) data. Landscape features can now be captured at an appropriately fine spatial resolution at which surface processes operate; this has revolutionized the way we study Earth-surface processes. The wealth of information contained in HRT also presents considerable challenges. For example, selection of the most appropriate type of HRT data for a given application is not trivial. No definitive approach exists for identifying and filtering erroneous or unwanted data, yet inappropriate filtering can create artifacts or eliminate/distort critical features. Estimates of errors and uncertainty are often poorly defined and typically fail to represent the spatial heterogeneity of the dataset, which may introduce bias or error for many analyses. For ease of use, gridded products are typically preferred rather than the more information-rich point cloud representations. Thus many users take advantage of only a fraction of the available data, which has furthermore been subjected to a series of operations often not known or investigated by the user. Lastly, standard HRT analysis work-flows are yet to be established for many popular HRT operations, which has contributed to the limited use of point cloud data. In this review, we identify key research questions relevant to the Earth-surface processes community within the theme of mass and energy transfer across landscapes and offer guidance on how to identify the most appropriate topographic data type for the analysis of interest. We describe the operations commonly performed from raw data to raster products and we identify key considerations and suggest appropriate work-flows for each, pointing to useful resources and available tools. Future research directions should stimulate further development of tools that take advantage of the wealth of information contained in the HRT data and address the present and upcoming research needs such as the ability to filter out unwanted data, compute spatially variable estimates of uncertainty and perform multi-scale analyses. While we focus primarily on HRT applications for mass and energy transfer, we envision this review to be relevant beyond the Earth-surface processes community for a much broader range of applications involving the analysis of HRT. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Passalacqua, Paola; Sangireddy, Harish] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Passalacqua, Paola; Sangireddy, Harish] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Res Water Resources, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Belmont, Patrick; Kelly, Sara A.; Schaffrath, Keelin; Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Staley, Dennis M.; Simley, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Arrowsmith, J. Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Bode, Collin A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crosby, Christopher] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [DeLong, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Glenn, Nancy F.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Lague, Dimitri] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6118, Geosci Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Tarboton, David G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wasklewicz, Thad] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Passalacqua, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 301 E Dean Keeton St,STOP C1700, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM paola@austin.utexas.edu RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; Passalacqua, Paola/H-7598-2016; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Passalacqua, Paola/0000-0002-4763-7231; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479; DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172; Lague, Dimitri/0000-0002-8980-1415 FU National Science Foundation [CAREER/EAR-1350336, GSS/BCS-1063228, FESD/EAR-1135427, ENG-1209448, EAR-1225810]; USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX This manuscript represents the work of the Powell Center Working Group on high resolution topography funded by the National Science Foundation and the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. The authors also gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (grants CAREER/EAR-1350336, GSS/BCS-1063228, and FESD/EAR-1135427 to PP; ENG-1209448 to PB; EAR-1225810 to JRA). Comments from the Editor, Paolo Tarolli, Francis Rengers, and an anonymous reviewer have helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 218 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 148 BP 174 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.012 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN7PE UT WOS:000358625700010 ER PT J AU Farzan, S Young, DJN Dedrick, AG Hamilton, M Porse, EC Coates, PS Sampson, G AF Farzan, Shahla Young, Derek J. N. Dedrick, Allison G. Hamilton, Matthew Porse, Erik C. Coates, Peter S. Sampson, Gabriel TI Western Juniper Management: Assessing Strategies for Improving Greater Sage-grouse Habitat and Rangeland Productivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; Juniperus occidentalis subsp occidentalis; Multi-objective management; Optimization modeling; Resource management; US Endangered Species Act ID FIRE; ENCROACHMENT; OCCIDENTALIS; PLAINS; OREGON; IDAHO AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis) range expansion into sagebrush steppe ecosystems has affected both native wildlife and economic livelihoods across western North America. The potential listing of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) under the U.S. Endangered Species Act has spurred a decade of juniper removal efforts, yet limited research has evaluated program effectiveness. We used a multi-objective spatially explicit model to identify optimal juniper removal sites in Northeastern California across weighted goals for ecological (sage-grouse habitat) and economic (cattle forage production) benefits. We also extended the analysis through alternative case scenarios that tested the effects of coordination among federal agencies, budgetary constraints, and the use of fire as a juniper treatment method. We found that sage-grouse conservation and forage production goals are somewhat complementary, but the extent of complementary benefits strongly depends on spatial factors and management approaches. Certain management actions substantially increase achievable benefits, including agency coordination and the use of prescribed burns to remove juniper. Critically, our results indicate that juniper management strategies designed to increase cattle forage do not necessarily achieve measurable sage-grouse benefits, underscoring the need for program evaluation and monitoring. C1 [Farzan, Shahla] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Young, Derek J. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dedrick, Allison G.; Hamilton, Matthew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Porse, Erik C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Sampson, Gabriel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Farzan, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Briggs Hall,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sfarzan@ucdavis.edu; djyoung@ucdavis.edu; agdedrick@ucdavis.edu; mhamilton@ucdavis.edu; eporse@ucdavis.edu; pcoates@usgs.gov; gsampson@ucdavis.edu OI Hamilton, Matthew/0000-0003-0509-4467 FU National Science Foundation Division of Graduate Education (DGE) [0801430] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge T. Young and C. Hom for their invaluable guidance and support, B. Halstead, M. Brunson, and G. Patricelli for comments on previous versions of this manuscript, M. Ricca for sage-grouse model development, and C. Roeder, M. Merrill, and T. Esgate for assistance during field site visits. Authors SF, DY, AD, MH, EP, and GS were supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Graduate Education (DGE) #0801430, the Responding to Rapid Environmental Change (REACH) IGERT, awarded to UC Davis. The study described in this manuscript complies with the current laws of the United States of America. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 3 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0521-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO4WP UT WOS:000359161900009 PM 25957623 ER PT J AU Conway, CM Purcell, MK Elliott, DG Hershberger, PK AF Conway, C. M. Purcell, M. K. Elliott, D. G. Hershberger, P. K. TI Detection of Ichthyophonus by chromogenic in situ hybridization SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophonus; mesomycetozoea; ribosomal small subunit DNA ID HOFERI; POPULATIONS; MECHANISM C1 [Conway, C. M.; Purcell, M. K.; Elliott, D. G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. RP Conway, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cmconway@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; Fisheries Program of the Ecosystem Mission area of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Joe Marcino (Maryland Department of Natural Resources), Ryan Carnegie and Nancy Stokes (Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences), Rod Getchell (Cornell University) and Richard Kocan (University of Washington). Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 10100132-I and the Fisheries Program of the Ecosystem Mission area of the U.S. Geological Survey. All animal experiments were conducted under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Western Fisheries Research Center. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of the Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1111/jfd.12300 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA CO8KR UT WOS:000359418400009 PM 25271555 ER PT J AU Moyes, AB Germino, MJ Kueppers, LM AF Moyes, Andrew B. Germino, Matthew J. Kueppers, Lara M. TI Moisture rivals temperature in limiting photosynthesis by trees establishing beyond their cold-edge range limit under ambient and warmed conditions SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; alpine treeline; microclimate; photoinhibition; source limitation; species distribution; water potential ID FREEZE-THAW CYCLES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PINUS-FLEXILIS; SCOTS PINE; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; STRESSED CONIFERS; ALPINE TIMBERLINE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; WARMING CLIMATE AB Climate change is altering plant species distributions globally, and warming is expected to promote uphill shifts in mountain trees. However, at many cold-edge range limits, such as alpine treelines in the western United States, tree establishment may be colimited by low temperature and low moisture, making recruitment patterns with warming difficult to predict. We measured response functions linking carbon (C) assimilation and temperature- and moisture-related microclimatic factors for limber pine (Pinus flexilis) seedlings growing in a heatingxwatering experiment within and above the alpine treeline. We then extrapolated these response functions using observed microclimate conditions to estimate the net effects of warming and associated soil drying on C assimilation across an entire growing season. Moisture and temperature limitations were each estimated to reduce potential growing season C gain from a theoretical upper limit by 15-30% (c. 50% combined). Warming above current treeline conditions provided relatively little benefit to modeled net assimilation, whereas assimilation was sensitive to either wetter or drier conditions. Summer precipitation may be at least as important as temperature in constraining C gain by establishing subalpine trees at and above current alpine treelines as seasonally dry subalpine and alpine ecosystems continue to warm. C1 [Moyes, Andrew B.; Kueppers, Lara M.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95340 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Kueppers, Lara M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moyes, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95340 USA. EM abmoyes@berkeley.edu RI Kueppers, Lara/M-8323-2013; Moyes, Andrew/J-3339-2016 OI Kueppers, Lara/0000-0002-8134-3579; Moyes, Andrew/0000-0002-9137-8118 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy; US Geological Survey Environments Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy. Support for M.J.G. was also provided by the US Geological Survey Environments Program. We thank the Mountain Research Station and Niwot Ridge LTER at the University of Colorado, Boulder, for logistical support. Thanks to E. Brown, C. Castanha, N. Goodby, and M. Koontz for field assistance, and to C. Castanha, M. Fernandez, M. Jabis, B. Lazarus, Y. Lu, K. Lubetkin, K. Reinhardt, D. Winkler, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback on earlier drafts. We thank Peter B. Nagy for help with statistical analysis. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 207 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1014 DI 10.1111/nph.13422 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CO2DP UT WOS:000358965800011 PM 25902893 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Miles, AK Waters, S Meyerson, R Rode, K Atwood, T AF Bowen, Lizabeth Miles, A. Keith Waters, Shannon Meyerson, Randi Rode, Karyn Atwood, Todd TI Gene transcription in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from disparate populations SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Immune function; Chukchi Sea; Beaufort Sea; Arctic ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; OC EXPOSURE IMPAIR; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; C FUEL-OIL AB Polar bears in the Beaufort (SB) and Chukchi (CS) Seas experience different environments due primarily to a longer history of sea ice loss in the Beaufort Sea. Ecological differences have been identified as a possible reason for the generally poorer body condition and reproduction of Beaufort polar bears compared to those from the Chukchi, but the influence of exposure to other stressors remains unknown. We use molecular technology, quantitative PCR, to identify gene transcription differences among polar bears from the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas as well as captive healthy polar bears. We identified significant transcriptional differences among a priori groups (i.e., captive bears, SB 2012, SB 2013, CS 2013) for ten of the 14 genes of interest (i.e., CaM, HSP70, CCR3, TGF beta, COX2, THR alpha, T-bet, Gata3, CD69, and IL17); transcription levels of DR beta, IL1 beta, AHR, and Mx1 did not differ among groups. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated separation among the groups of polar bears. Specifically, we detected transcript profiles consistent with immune function impairment in polar bears from the Beaufort Sea, when compared with Chukchi and captive polar bears. Although there is no strong indication of differential exposure to contaminants or pathogens between CS and SB bears, there are clearly differences in important transcriptional responses between populations. Further investigation is warranted to refine interpretation of potential effects of described stress-related conditions for the SB population. C1 [Bowen, Lizabeth; Miles, A. Keith; Waters, Shannon] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Meyerson, Randi] Toledo Zoo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Rode, Karyn; Atwood, Todd] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. EM lbowen@usgs.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative. We are grateful for the contributions of the veterinarians to the Anchorage Zoo, Sea-World San Diego, Brookfield Zoo, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Sea-World Orlando, Louisville Zoo, Detroit Zoo, Kansas City Zoo, Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo, Buffalo City Zoo, Toledo Zoo, Columbus Zoo, Oregon Zoo, and Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium. Samples were provided by the zoos and aquaria under the expressed permission of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and under the Animal Care Committee protocols established at each of the aquaria. Mention of trade names or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1413 EP 1427 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1705-0 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO5GY UT WOS:000359188800009 ER PT J AU Lusardi, RA Stephens, MR Moyle, PB McGuire, CL Hull, JM AF Lusardi, Robert A. Stephens, Molly R. Moyle, Peter B. McGuire, Christy L. Hull, Josh M. TI Threat evolution: negative feedbacks between management action and species recovery in threatened trout (Salmonidae) SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Inland trout; Threatened species; Conservation; Threat evolution; Genetics; Fisheries management ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; HEADWATER STREAMS; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Resource managers are often presented with dilemmas that require immediate action to avoid species extinction, but that also ensure species long-term persistence. These objectives may conflict with one another, resulting in new threats as initial threats are ameliorated. Such threat evolution is a common pattern in the long history of efforts to conserve endemic trout (Salmonidae) populations in western North America. Early conservation strategies were often successful in reducing initial threats of hybridization with non-native trout, but were also responsible for producing new threats such as inbreeding, genetic drift, and, more generally, reductions in heterozygosity. In such situations, the objective of reducing or minimizing the threat of extinction remains the same, but the causes of decline change in direct response to the implemented strategy. This aspect of species recovery is not often recognized in initial efforts to protect a species from extinction. Here, we present the case of the threatened Little Kern golden trout (O. mykiss whitei), as an example of threat evolution. Its conservation management history is well documented, as are feedbacks between direct conservation actions and emerging present-day threats. Management of this and similarly imperiled species must take into account evolving threats, if long-term persistence is to occur. C1 [Lusardi, Robert A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Calif Trout, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lusardi, Robert A.; Hull, Josh M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Stephens, Molly R.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95348 USA. [Stephens, Molly R.; Hull, Josh M.] Univ Calif Davis, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McGuire, Christy L.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. RP Lusardi, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Calif Trout, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ralusardi@ucdavis.edu NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 521 EP 535 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9394-x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO4WW UT WOS:000359162600006 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Shull, DR AF Maloney, Kelly O. Shull, Dustin R. TI Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed, headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy SO WATER AND ENVIRONMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hurricane; hysteresis; runoff; small streams; storm event; turbidity ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CATCHMENT AB We estimated discharge and suspended sediment (SS) yield in a minimally disturbed watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, and compared a typical storm (September storm, 4.80 cm) to a large storm (Superstorm Sandy, 7.47 cm rainfall). Depending on branch, Sandy contributed 9.7-19.9 times more discharge and 11.5-37.4 times more SS than the September storm. During the September storm, the upper two branches accounted for 60.6% of discharge and 88.8% of SS at Lower Branch; during Sandy these percentages dropped to 36.1% for discharge and 30.1% for SS. The branch with close proximity roads had over two-three times per area SS yield than the branch without such roads. Hysteresis loops showed typical clockwise patterns for the September storm and more complicated patterns for Sandy, reflecting the multipeak event. Estimates of SS and hysteresis in minimally disturbed watersheds provide useful information that can be compared spatially and temporally to facilitate management. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Shull, Dustin R.] Penn Dept Environm Protect, Harrisburg, PA 17101 USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1747-6585 EI 1747-6593 J9 WATER ENVIRON J JI Water Environ. J. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 402 EP 411 DI 10.1111/wej.12113 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CO6ZA UT WOS:000359305600012 ER PT J AU McPeek, KC McDonald, PS VanBlaricom, GR AF McPeek, Kathleen C. McDonald, P. Sean VanBlaricom, Glenn R. TI Aquaculture Disturbance Impacts the Diet but not Ecological Linkages of a Ubiquitous Predatory Fish SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture effects; Geoduck; Structural complexity; Stable isotope analysis; Stomach content analysis; Staghorn sculpin ID AKAIKES-INFORMATION-CRITERION; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; FOOD-WEBS; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; TROPHIC TRANSFER; CANCER-MAGISTER AB Aquaculture operations are a frequent and prominent cause of anthropogenic disturbance to marine and estuarine communities and may alter species composition and abundance. However, little is known about how such disturbances affect trophic linkages or ecosystem functions. In Puget Sound, Washington, aquaculture of the Pacific geoduck clam (Panopea generosa) is increasing and involves placing nets and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes in intertidal areas to protect juvenile geoducks from predators. Initial studies of the structured phase of the farming cycle have documented limited impacts on the abundance of some species. To examine the effect of geoduck aquaculture on ecological linkages, the trophic relationships of a local ubiquitous consumer, Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), to its invertebrate prey were compared between geoduck aquaculture sites and nearby reference areas with no aquaculture. Mark-recapture data indicated that sculpin exhibit local site fidelity to cultured and reference areas. The stomach contents of sculpin and stable isotope signatures of sculpin and their prey were examined to study the trophic ecology of cultured and reference areas. Results showed that the structured phase of geoduck aquaculture initiated some changes to staghorn sculpin ecology, as reflected in sculpin diet through stomach content analysis. However, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes revealed that the general food web function of sculpin remained unchanged. The source of carbon at the base of the food web and the trophic position of sculpin were not impacted by geoduck aquaculture. The study has important implications for geoduck aquaculture management and will inform regulatory decisions related to shellfish aquaculture policy. C1 [McPeek, Kathleen C.; McDonald, P. Sean; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Ecosyst Miss Area, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McPeek, KC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mcpeek@uw.edu FU Washington Sea Grant; National Aquaculture Research Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Washington State Department of Ecology; Washington State Department of Natural Resources; Point No Point Treaty Council; US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Washington [2887-17] FX We thank the staff and management of Taylor Shellfish Farms, Inc. and the Adams, Foss, and Rolfs families for kindly allowing access to field sites across private property. Katherine Armintrout, Kristin Connelly, Brittany Cummings, Julia Eggers, Ava Fuller, Mariko Langness, Jordan Lee, and Frank Stevick provided valuable field and laboratory support. Jeff Cordell and Megan Dethier provided crucial guidance in developing taxonomic accuracy in processing sampled small invertebrates by our research team. Research funding was provided in part by Washington Sea Grant, the National Aquaculture Research Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Washington State Departments of Ecology and Natural Resources, the Point No Point Treaty Council and the US Geological Survey (USGS). This study was performed under the auspices of University of Washington animal use protocol #2887-17. Scientific collection permits were obtained from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. We thank the administrative authorities of USGS for supporting the content of this paper. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of funding agencies other than USGS. Any use of trade product or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1520 EP 1534 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9909-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7JV UT WOS:000358611500010 ER PT J AU Defne, Z Ganju, NK AF Defne, Zafer Ganju, Neil K. TI Quantifying the Residence Time and Flushing Characteristics of a Shallow, Back-Barrier Estuary: Application of Hydrodynamic and Particle Tracking Models SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamic modeling; Residence time; Particle tracking; Back-barrier estuaries; Eutrophication ID SUBTIDAL SEA-LEVEL; TIDAL CIRCULATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TRANSPORT; COASTAL; SEDIMENT; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; SCALES; BLOOMS AB Estuarine residence time is a major driver of eutrophication and water quality. Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH), New Jersey, is a lagoonal back-barrier estuary that is subject to anthropogenic pressures including nutrient loading, eutrophication, and subsequent declines in water quality. A combination of hydrodynamic and particle tracking modeling was used to identify the mechanisms controlling flushing, residence time, and spatial variability of particle retention. The models demonstrated a pronounced northward subtidal flow from Little Egg Inlet in the south to Pt. Pleasant Canal in the north due to frictional effects in the inlets, leading to better flushing of the southern half of the estuary and particle retention in the northern estuary. Mean residence time for BB-LEH was 13 days but spatial variability was between similar to 0 and 30 days depending on the initial particle location. Mean residence time with tidal forcing alone was 24 days (spatial variability between similar to 0 and 50 days); the tides were relatively inefficient in flushing the northern end of the Bay. Scenarios with successive exclusion of physical processes from the models revealed that meteorological and remote offshore forcing were stronger drivers of exchange than riverine inflow. Investigations of water quality and eutrophication should take into account spatial variability in hydrodynamics and residence time in order to better quantify the roles of nutrient loading, production, and flushing. C1 [Defne, Zafer; Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Defne, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM zdefne@usgs.gov OI Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Assistance was provided by John Warner, Jennifer Miselis, and Brian Andrews. Hydrologic data collection by the New Jersey Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey was invaluable to this study, and we thank Anthony Navoy and Robert Nicholson for their assistance. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1719 EP 1734 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9885-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7JV UT WOS:000358611500025 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Myrick, CA AF Stapanian, Martin A. Myrick, Christopher A. TI Ecology, culture, and management of Burbot: an introduction SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; LAKE-ERIE; LOTA-LOTA; CONGENER DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFERENCE; RIVER; SEX C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2015 VL 757 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2380-4 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7YY UT WOS:000358653700001 ER PT J AU McCullough, DE Roseman, EF Keeler, KM DeBruyne, RL Pritt, JJ Thompson, PA Ireland, S Ross, JE Bowser, D Hunter, RD Castle, D Fischer, JL Provo, S AF McCullough, Darrin E. Roseman, Edward F. Keeler, Kevin M. DeBruyne, Robin L. Pritt, Jeremy J. Thompson, Patricia A. Ireland, Stacey Ross, Jason E. Bowser, Dustin Hunter, Robert D. Castle, Dana Fischer, Jason L. Provo, Stacy TI Evidence of the St. Clair-Detroit River System as a dispersal corridor and nursery habitat for transient larval burbot SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Larval burbot; Lota lota; St. Clair River; Larval diet; Great Lakes; Ontogenesis ID LOTA-LOTA L; STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; NORTHERN LAKE-HURON; GREAT-LAKES; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; DIET-OVERLAP; MICHIGAN AB Burbot Lota lota are distributed across the Laurentian Great Lakes where they occupy a top piscivore role. The St. Clair-Detroit River System is known to provide a migration corridor as well as spawning and nursery habitat for many indigenous fishes of economic and ecological significance. However, knowledge is scant of the early life history of burbot and the importance of this system in their dispersal, survival, and recruitment. In order to assess the role of the St. Clair-Detroit River System to burbot ecology, we collected larval burbot during ichthyoplankton surveys in this system from 2010 to 2013 as part of a habitat restoration monitoring program. More and larger burbot larvae were found in the St. Clair River than in the lower Detroit River, although this may be due to differences in sampling methods between the two rivers. Consistent with existing studies, larval burbot exhibited ontogenesis with a distinct transition from a pelagic zooplankton-based diet to a benthic macroinvertebrate-based diet. Our results demonstrate that the St. Clair-Detroit Rivers provide food resources, required habitat, and a migration conduit between the upper and lower Great Lakes, but the contribution of these fish to the lower lakes requires further examination. C1 [McCullough, Darrin E.; Keeler, Kevin M.; DeBruyne, Robin L.; Bowser, Dustin; Provo, Stacy] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Darrin E.; Roseman, Edward F.; Keeler, Kevin M.; DeBruyne, Robin L.; Pritt, Jeremy J.; Ireland, Stacey; Ross, Jason E.; Bowser, Dustin; Hunter, Robert D.; Castle, Dana; Fischer, Jason L.; Provo, Stacy] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Thompson, Patricia A.] W Virginia Univ, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bowser, Dustin; Provo, Stacy] Univ Toledo, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP McCullough, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mccul121@msu.edu OI Keeler, Kevin/0000-0002-8118-0060; Fischer, Jason/0000-0001-7226-6500; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; DeBruyne, Robin L./0000-0002-9232-7937 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project [70]; NOAA Great Lakes Coastal Habitat Restoration Program [NA10NMF4630409] FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project #70 - Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor, and the NOAA Great Lakes Coastal Habitat Restoration Program Grant No. NA10NMF4630409. The authors appreciate the field and laboratory assistance provided by E. Acromite, D. Bennion, J. Boase, E. Bouckaert, J. Chiotti, N. Cordero, J. Craig, N. Gainer, E. George, D. Grymze, G. Kennedy, B. Manny, M. McLean, L. Rodriguez, N. Stoynoff, J. Sutherland, M. Thomas, and R. Young. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by USGS. This article is contribution number 1905 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2015 VL 757 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2179-3 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7YY UT WOS:000358653700003 ER PT J AU Klein, ZB Quist, MC Rhea, DT Senecal, AC AF Klein, Zachary B. Quist, Michael C. Rhea, Darren T. Senecal, Anna C. TI Habitat use of non-native burbot in a western river SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Burbot; Habitat use; Suppression; Hurdle regression ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FRESH-WATER FISH; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; NICHE CONSERVATISM; UNITED-STATES; LOCAL-HABITAT; COMMON CARP; BULL TROUT; POPULATIONS; SELECTION AB Burbot, Lota lota (Linnaeus), were illegally introduced into the Green River drainage, Wyoming in the 1990s. Burbot could potentially alter the food web in the Green River, thereby negatively influencing socially, economically, and ecologically important fish species. Therefore, managers of the Green River are interested in implementing a suppression program for burbot. Because of the cost associated with the removal of undesirable species, it is critical that suppression programs are as effective as possible. Unfortunately, relatively little is known about the habitat use of non-native burbot in lotic systems, severely limiting the effectiveness of any removal effort. We used hurdle models to identify habitat features influencing the presence and relative abundance of burbot. A total of 260 burbot was collected during 207 sampling events in the summer and autumn of 2013. Regardless of the season, large substrate (e.g., cobble, boulder) best predicted the presence and relative abundance of burbot. In addition, our models indicated that the occurrence of burbot was inversely related to mean current velocity. The efficient and effective removal of burbot from the Green River largely relies on an improved understanding of the influence of habitat on their distribution and relative abundance. C1 [Klein, Zachary B.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rhea, Darren T.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Senecal, Anna C.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Green River, WY 82935 USA. RP Klein, ZB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM klei7686@vandals.uidaho.edu FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho; Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank J. Johnson and S. Opitz for assistance with field work. We also thank R. Keith, H. Sexauer, M. Smith, and T. Neebling of Wyoming Game and Fish Department for their assistance in planning and implementation of field research. We thank E. Buzbas, F. Wilhelm, T. Ross, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Funding for the project was provided by Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, and Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2011-33. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2015 VL 757 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2176-6 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7YY UT WOS:000358653700006 ER PT J AU Minguez, D Kodama, KP Hillhouse, JW AF Minguez, D. Kodama, K. P. Hillhouse, J. W. TI Paleomagnetic and cyclostratigraphic constraints on the synchroneity and duration of the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, Johnnie Formation, Death Valley Region, CA SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shuram Excursion; Paleomagnetism; Death Valley; Johnnie Formation; Rainstorm Member; Rock magnetic cyclostratigraphy ID CLIMATIC TIME-SERIES; EDIACARAN OCEAN; POLAR WANDER; ICE AGES; CALIFORNIA; AUSTRALIA; STRATIFICATION; HISTORY; NEVADA; RANGE AB Paleomagnetism and rock magnetic cyclostratigraphy of the Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation near Death Valley, CA provide chronostratigraphic constraints on the duration and synchroneity of the Shuram carbon isotope excursion. Magnetic reversal stratigraphies at three localities, the Desert Range of western Nevada, and the Nopah Range and Winters Pass Hills of southeastern California, show consistent polarity zonations with paleomagnetic poles that correspond to Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) reference poles for cratonic North America. The magnetostratigraphy demonstrates that the nadir of the Shuram Excursion (SE) occurred just after a transition from reversed to normal polarity, and is synchronous at the two localities within Death Valley. Time series analysis of magnetic susceptibility from the Nopah Range and Winters Pass Hills localities shows statistically significant spectral power in frequency bands with orbital-scale ratios (short eccentricity, obliquity, and precession). An astrochronologic interpretation of the cyclostratigraphy yields an estimated duration of 818 +/- 122 kyr for the SE between values of delta C-13 -3.9 parts per thousand before the nadir to a recovered value of -9.3 parts per thousand after the nadir. Extrapolation of this estimate yields a duration of 8.2 +/- 1.2 Myr for the entire excursion, which is in agreement with an independent estimate based on chemostratigraphic correlation of sections containing radiometric dates of ash beds. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Minguez, D.; Kodama, K. P.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18018 USA. [Hillhouse, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Minguez, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1 W Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18018 USA. EM dam411@lehigh.edu FU Geological Society of America [9752-12]; Lehigh University Department of Earth and Environmental Science FX We thank the Geological Society of America (Graduate Student grant number 9752-12) and Lehigh University Department of Earth and Environmental Science for financial support of this study. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 266 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2015.05.033 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8PJ UT WOS:000358702800024 ER PT J AU Jackson, WA Bohlke, JK Andraski, BJ Fahlquist, L Bexfield, L Eckardt, FD Gates, JB Davila, AF McKay, CP Rao, B Sevanthi, R Rajagopalan, S Estrada, N Sturchio, N Hatzinger, PB Anderson, TA Orris, G Betancourt, J Stonestrom, D Latorre, C Li, YH Harvey, GJ AF Jackson, W. Andrew Boehlke, J. K. Andraski, Brian J. Fahlquist, Lynne Bexfield, Laura Eckardt, Frank D. Gates, John B. Davila, Alfonso F. McKay, Christopher P. Rao, Balaji Sevanthi, Ritesh Rajagopalan, Srinath Estrada, Nubia Sturchio, Neil Hatzinger, Paul B. Anderson, Todd A. Orris, Greta Betancourt, Julio Stonestrom, David Latorre, Claudio Li, Yanhe Harvey, Gregory J. TI Global patterns and environmental controls of perchlorate and nitrate co-occurrence in arid and semi-arid environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; UNITED-STATES; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; FRESH-WATER; HIGH-PLAINS; DESERT; GROUNDWATER; SOIL; REDUCTION AB Natural perchlorate (ClO4) is of increasing interest due to its wide-spread occurrence on Earth and Mars, yet little information exists on the relative abundance of ClO4- compared to other major anions, its stability, or long-term variations in production that may impact the observed distributions. Our objectives were to evaluate the occurrence and fate of ClO4- in groundwater and soils/caliche in arid and semi-arid environments (southwestern United States, southern Africa, United Arab Emirates, China, Antarctica, and Chile) and the relationship of ClO4 to the more well-studied atmospherically deposited anions NO3- and Cl- as a means to understand the prevalent processes that affect the accumulation of these species over various time scales. ClO4- is globally distributed in soil and groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions on Earth at concentrations ranging from 10(-1) to 10(6) mu g/kg. Generally, the ClO4- concentration in these regions increases with aridity index, but also depends on the duration of arid conditions. In many arid and semi-arid areas, NO3- and ClO4- co-occur at molar ratios (NO3-/ClO4-) that vary between similar to 10(4) and 10(5). We hypothesize that atmospheric deposition ratios are largely preserved in hyper-arid areas that support little or no biological activity (e.g. plants or bacteria), but can be altered in areas with more active biological processes including N-2 fixation, N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and microbial ClO4- reduction, as indicated in part by NO3- isotope data. In contrast, much larger ranges of Cl-/ClO4- and Cl-/NO3- ratios indicate Cl- varies independently from both ClO4- and NO3-. The general lack of correlation between Cl- and ClO4- or NO3- implies that Cl- is not a good indicator of co-deposition and should be used with care when interpreting oxyanion cycling in arid systems. The Atacama Desert appears to be unique compared to all other terrestrial locations having a NO3-/ClO4- molar ratio similar to 10(3). The relative enrichment in ClO4- compared to Cl- or NO3- and unique isotopic composition of Atacama ClO4- may reflect either additional in-situ production mechanism(s) or higher relative atmospheric production rates in that specific region or in the geological past. Elevated concentrations of ClO4- reported on the surface of Mars, and its enrichment with respect to Cl- and NO3-, could reveal important clues regarding the climatic, hydrologic, and potentially biologic evolution of that planet. Given the highly conserved ratio of NO3-/ClO4- in non-biologically active areas on Earth, it may be possible to use alterations of this ratio as a biomarker on Mars and for interpreting major anion cycles and processes on both Mars and Earth, particularly with respect to the less-conserved NO3- pool terrestrially. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, W. Andrew; Rao, Balaji; Sevanthi, Ritesh; Estrada, Nubia; Anderson, Todd A.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.; Betancourt, Julio] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Fahlquist, Lynne] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Bexfield, Laura] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Eckardt, Frank D.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Environm & Geog Sci, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Gates, John B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Davila, Alfonso F.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [McKay, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rajagopalan, Srinath] SSN Coll Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Kalavakkam 603110, India. [Sturchio, Neil] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] CB&I Fed Serv, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Orris, Greta] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Stonestrom, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Latorre, Claudio] Inst Ecol & Biodivers IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Latorre, Claudio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Li, Yanhe] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Mineral Resources, Key Lab Metallogeny & Mineral Assessment, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Harvey, Gregory J.] USAFSAM OEC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Eckardt, Frank/N-3682-2015; Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012; OI Eckardt, Frank/0000-0003-0200-7110; Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599; Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Sevanthi, Ritesh/0000-0002-7651-3553; Anderson, Todd/0000-0001-8176-6339 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of U.S. Department of Defense [ER-1435]; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Program; National Water Quality Assessment Program; U.S. Antarctic Research Program[NSF]; Abu Dhabi Emirate National Drilling Company; [ICM P05-002]; [PFB-23] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project ER-1435) of the U.S. Department of Defense; the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, National Research Program, Groundwater Resources Program, and National Water Quality Assessment Program; the U.S. Antarctic Research Program[NSF]; and the Abu Dhabi Emirate National Drilling Company. CL acknowledges additional support from grants ICM P05-002 and PFB-23 to the IEB. We are also grateful to SQM for allowing access to a nitrate mine. We thank Dr. Peter McMahon, Dr. Hans Eggenkamp, and anonymous reviewers for insightful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We thank J. Hannon and S. Mroczkowski for assistance with nitrate isotopic analyses. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 164 BP 502 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.016 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM9IM UT WOS:000358021900030 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, Richard M. TI Scaling and design of landslide and debris-flow experiments SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium CY SEP 18-20, 2015 CL Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY HO Univ Buffalo DE Landslide; Debris flow; Experiment; Scaling; Dimensional analysis; Normalization ID PORE-PRESSURE FEEDBACK; RAPID GRANULAR FLOWS; RAINFALL; MOTION; MEDIA; MUD AB Scaling plays a crucial role in designing experiments aimed at understanding the behavior of landslides, debris flows, and other geomorphic phenomena involving grain-fluid mixtures. Scaling can be addressed by using dimensional analysis or - more rigorously - by normalizing differential equations that describe the evolving dynamics of the system. Both of these approaches show that, relative to full-scale natural events, miniaturized landslides and debris flows exhibit disproportionately large effects of viscous shear resistance and cohesion as well as disproportionately small effects of excess pore-fluid pressure that is generated by debris dilation or contraction. This behavioral divergence grows in proportion to H-3, where H is the thickness of a moving mass. Therefore, to maximize geomorphological relevance, experiments with wet landslides and debris flows must be conducted at the largest feasible scales. Another important consideration is that, unlike stream flows, landslides and debris flows accelerate from statically balanced initial states. Thus, no characteristic macroscopic velocity exists to guide experiment scaling and design. On the other:hand, macroscopic gravity-driven motion of landslides and debris flows evolves over a characteristic time scale (L/g)(1/2), where g is the magnitude of gravitational acceleration and L is the characteristic length of the moving mass. Grain-scale stress generation within the mass occurs on a shorter time scale, H/(gL)(1/2), which is inversely proportional to the depth-averaged material shear rate. A separation of these two time scales exists if the criterion H/L < < 1 is satisfied, as is commonly the case. This time scale separation indicates that steady-state experiments can be used to study some details of landslide and debris-flow behavior but cannot be used to study macroscopic landslide or debris-flow dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 13 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 244 SI SI BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.033 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CL8OZ UT WOS:000357235300002 ER PT J AU Pangle, LA DeLong, SB Abramson, N Adams, J Barron-Gafford, GA Breshears, DD Brooks, PD Chorover, J Dietrich, WE Dontsova, K Durcik, M Espeleta, J Ferre, TPA Ferriere, R Henderson, W Hunt, EA Huxman, TE Millar, D Murphy, B Niu, GY Pavao-Zuckerman, M Pelletier, JD Rasmussen, C Ruiz, J Saleska, S Schaap, M Sibayan, M Troch, PA Tuller, M van Haren, J Zeng, XB AF Pangle, Luke A. DeLong, Stephen B. Abramson, Nate Adams, John Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Breshears, David D. Brooks, Paul D. Chorover, Jon Dietrich, William E. Dontsova, Katerina Durcik, Matej Espeleta, Javier Ferre, T. P. A. Ferriere, Regis Henderson, Whitney Hunt, Edward A. Huxman, Travis E. Millar, David Murphy, Brendan Niu, Guo-Yue Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitch Pelletier, Jon D. Rasmussen, Craig Ruiz, Joaquin Saleska, Scott Schaap, Marcel Sibayan, Michael Troch, Peter A. Tuller, Markus van Haren, Joost Zeng, Xubin TI The Landscape Evolution Observatory: A large-scale controllable infrastructure to study coupled Earth-surface processes SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium CY SEP 18-20, 2015 CL Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY HO Univ Buffalo DE Zero-order basin; Water cycle; Carbon cycle; Energy balance; Soil weathering; Coevolution ID BIOSPHERE 2; CRITICAL ZONE; HILLSLOPE HYDROLOGY; SOUTH-AFRICA; SOIL; VEGETATION; COEVOLUTION; WATER; FLOW; TOPOGRAPHY AB Zero-order drainage basins, and their constituent hillslopes, are the fundamental geomorphic unit comprising much of Earth's uplands. The convergent topography of these landscapes generates spatially variable substrate and moisture content, facilitating biological diversity and influencing how the landscape filters precipitation and sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. In light of these significant ecosystem services, refining our understanding of how these functions are affected by landscape evolution, weather variability, and long-term climate change is imperative. In this paper we introduce the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO): a large-scale controllable infrastructure consisting of three replicated artificial landscapes (each 330 m(2) surface area) within the climate-controlled Biosphere 2 facility in Arizona, USA. At LEO, experimental manipulation of rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed are possible at unprecedented scale. The Landscape Evolution Observatory was designed as a community resource to advance understanding of how topography, physical and chemical properties of soil, and biological communities coevolve, and how this coevolution affects water, carbon, and energy cycles at multiple spatial scales. With well-defined boundary conditions and an extensive network of sensors and samplers, LEO enables an iterative scientific approach that includes numerical model development and virtual experimentation, physical experimentation, data analysis, and model refinement. We plan to engage the broader scientific community through public dissemination of data from LEO, collaborative experimental design, and community-based model development. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pangle, Luke A.; DeLong, Stephen B.; Abramson, Nate; Adams, John; Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Dontsova, Katerina; Durcik, Matej; Espeleta, Javier; Henderson, Whitney; Hunt, Edward A.; Millar, David; Murphy, Brendan; Niu, Guo-Yue; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitch; Ruiz, Joaquin; Sibayan, Michael; Troch, Peter A.; van Haren, Joost] Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85738 USA. [DeLong, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ferre, T. P. A.; Niu, Guo-Yue; Troch, Peter A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chorover, Jon; Rasmussen, Craig; Schaap, Marcel; Tuller, Markus] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85720 USA. [Dietrich, William E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Espeleta, Javier] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Breshears, David D.; Ferriere, Regis; Saleska, Scott] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Environm Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Murphy, Brendan] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pelletier, Jon D.; Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Coll Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Haren, Joost] Univ Arizona, Honors Coll, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brooks, Paul D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ferriere, Regis] Ecole Normale Super, IBENS, Ecoevolutionary Math Grp, CNRS,UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Pangle, LA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2, POB 8746,Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85738 USA. EM lpangle@email.arizona.edu RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; Niu, Guo-Yue/B-8317-2011; OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Zeng, Xubin/0000-0001-7352-2764; DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 FU NSF [EAR-0636043, EAR-1340912]; Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions (WEES) initiative at the University of Arizona; Office of the Vice President of Research at the University of Arizona FX The Biosphere 2 facility and the capital required to conceive and construct LEO were provided through a charitable donation from the Philecology Foundation, and its founder, Mr. Edward Bass. We gratefully acknowledge that charitable donation. LEO was conceived through a community planning effort that included intellectual contributions from many scientists from the USA and other nations. The board of advisors provided a series of design and plan review exercises that significantly improved the direction and final outcome of LEO. Early planning workshops were also supported through the NSF-funded Hydrologic Synthesis Project: Water Cycle Dynamics in a Changing Environment: Advancing Hydrologic Science Through Synthesis; NSF Grant EAR-0636043, PI: Murugesu Sivapalan. We gratefully acknowledge the collaborative design and construction process that occurred over a nearly three-year period and included the University of Arizona, M3 Engineering, and Lloyd Construction LLC. We particularly thank A. Ortega and D. Mulligan (M3); R Skinner, F. Ferro, and J. Stiers (Lloyd Construction); T. Parsons, T. Glenn, and J. Glenn (Parsons Steel Erectors); C. Gadjorus (UA Planning and Development), and a long list of highly adaptable and collaborative subcontractors and suppliers too numerous to name. Photos and video from the construction of LEO are available at the Biosphere 2 website. Acquisition of the automated track systems and the imaging systems was supported by NSF Grant EAR-1340912. Additional funding support was provided by the Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions (WEES) initiative at the University of Arizona and by the Office of the Vice President of Research at the University of Arizona. These funding sources are gratefully acknowledged. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 244 SI SI BP 190 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.020 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CL8OZ UT WOS:000357235300013 ER PT J AU Eikenberry, BCS Riva-Murray, K Knightes, CD Journey, CA Chasar, LC Brigham, ME Bradley, PM AF Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder Riva-Murray, Karen Knightes, Christopher D. Journey, Celeste A. Chasar, Lia C. Brigham, Mark E. Bradley, Paul M. TI Optimizing fish sampling for fish-mercury bioaccumulation factors SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Fish; Bioaccumulation; BAF; TMDL; Hg criteria ID UNITED-STATES; STREAMS; RIVER; TISSUE; CARBON; LAKES; FOOD AB Fish Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs; ratios of mercury (Hg) in fish (Hg-fish) and water water (Ha(water))) are used to, develop total maximum daily load and water quality criteria for Hg-impaired waters. Both applications require representative Hg-fish estimates and, thus, are sensitive to sampling and data-treatment methods. Data collected by fixed protocol from 11 streams in 5 states distributed across the US were used to assess the effects of Hg-fish normalization/standardization methods and fish-sample numbers on BAF estimates. Fish length, followed by weight, was most correlated to adult top-predator Hg-fish. Site-specific BAFs based on length-normalized and standardized Hg-fish estimates demonstrated up to 50% less variability than those based on non-normalized Hg-fish. Permutation analysis indicated that length-normalized and standardized Hg-fish estimates based on at least 8 trout or 5 bass resulted in mean Hg-fish coefficients of variation less than 20%. These results are intended to support regulatory mercury monitoring and load-reduction program improvements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Knightes, Christopher D.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Journey, Celeste A.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Chasar, Lia C.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Brigham, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov OI Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800; Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 FU National Water-Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the USGS FX This study was supported by the National Water-Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs of the USGS. We thank the following agencies for site access or field support: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality; Beaverton (Oregon) School District; Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; the Adirondack Ecological Center (State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry), The Nature Conservancy, Finch Pruyn & Company, and RMK Timberland; the family of Senator Strom Thurmond; St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. Daniel T. Button (USGS) provided database support for the study, and Wesley Brooks wrote the computer script for resampling analysis in R software. We would also like to thank Bruce Monson (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Geological Survey's and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Statements in this publication should not be construed to represent any determination or policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2015 VL 135 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.068 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1YN UT WOS:000356740900060 ER PT J AU Han, YS Demond, AH Gallegos, TJ Hayes, KF AF Han, Young-Soo Demond, Avery H. Gallegos, Tanya J. Hayes, Kim F. TI Dependence of particle concentration effect on pH and redox for arsenic removal by FeS-coated sand under anoxic conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; FeS; Sorption; Redox; Solid-solution ratio; Particle concentration effect ID STRONTIUM DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; URANIUM(VI); MACKINAWITE; BATCH; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; AS(III) AB FeS has been recognized as a good scavenger for arsenic under anoxic conditions. To create a suitable adsorbent for flow-through reactors such as permeable reactive barriers, it has been suggested that this material may be coated onto sand. However, previous work on FeS-coated sand has focused on batch reactors, while flow-through reactors usually have higher solid-solution ratios. To ascertain whether differences in the solid-solution ratio (SSR) are important in this system, batch sorption experiments were conducted as a function of pH using As(III) and FeS-coated sands at various solid-solution ratios. The results showed little variation in the distribution coefficient with SSR at pH 7 and 9. However, at pH 5, the results showed lower values of the distribution coefficient at lower SSRs, the reverse of typically reported SSR effects. Measured pe values showed a dependence on SSR, which, when coupled with chemical modeling of the Fe-As-S-H2O system, suggested a change in the removal mechanism with SSR, from adsorption to a reduced Fe(II) oxyhydroxide phase (represented by Fe-2(OH)(5)) to precipitation as As2S3 or AsS. On the other hand, at pH 7 and 9, arsenite adsorption is the most probable removal mechanism regardless of the pe. Thus, this study identified variations in pH and redox conditions, and the removal mechanisms that these parameters govern, as the reason for the apparent SSR effect. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Young-Soo] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Taejon, South Korea. [Demond, Avery H.; Hayes, Kim F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gallegos, Tanya J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hayes, KF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yshan@kigam.re.kr; averyd@umich.edu; tgallegos@usgs.gov; ford@umich.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Army [W912HQ-04-C-0035]; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources [14-3212] FX This research was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Army, contract number W912HQ-04-C-0035. This work was also supported by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (Research Project 14-3212). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2015 VL 134 BP 499 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.090 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK9GV UT WOS:000356549500068 PM 25553897 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Micacchion, M Adams, JV AF Stapanian, Martin A. Micacchion, Mick Adams, Jean V. TI Wetland habitat disturbance best predicts metrics of an amphibian index of biotic integrity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Index of biotic integrity; Regression and classification-trees; Habitat alteration ID VEGETATION INDEX; POND OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPE; POPULATIONS; SALAMANDERS; FROGS AB Regression and classification trees were used to identify the best predictors of the five component metrics of the Ohio Amphibian Index of Biotic Integrity (AmphIBI) in 54 wetlands in Ohio, USA. Of the 17 wetland-and surrounding landscape-scale variables considered, the best predictor for all AmphIBI metrics was habitat alteration and development within the wetland. The results were qualitatively similar to the best predictors for a wetland vegetation index of biotic integrity, suggesting that similar management practices (e.g., reducing or eliminating nutrient enrichment from agriculture, mowing, grazing, logging, and removing down woody debris) within the boundaries of the wetland can be applied to effectively increase the quality of wetland vegetation and amphibian communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Micacchion, Mick] Midwest Biodivers Inst, Hilliard, OH 43026 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.04.005 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1ZQ UT WOS:000356743800026 ER PT J AU Fortini, LB Cropper, WP Zarin, DJ AF Fortini, Lucas B. Cropper, Wendell P., Jr. Zarin, Daniel J. TI Modeling the Complex Impacts of Timber Harvests to Find Optimal Management Regimes for Amazon Tidal Floodplain Forests SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN AMAZON; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; LOGGING DAMAGE; RAIN-FOREST; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TROPICAL FORESTS; YIELD REGULATION; TREE; GROWTH AB At the Amazon estuary, the oldest logging frontier in the Amazon, no studies have comprehensively explored the potential long-term population and yield consequences of multiple timber harvests over time. Matrix population modeling is one way to simulate long-term impacts of tree harvests, but this approach has often ignored common impacts of tree harvests including incidental damage, changes in post-harvest demography, shifts in the distribution of merchantable trees, and shifts in stand composition. We designed a matrix-based forest management model that incorporates these harvest-related impacts so resulting simulations reflect forest stand dynamics under repeated timber harvests as well as the realities of local smallholder timber management systems. Using a wide range of values for management criteria (e.g., length of cutting cycle, minimum cut diameter), we projected the long-term population dynamics and yields of hundreds of timber management regimes in the Amazon estuary, where small-scale, unmechanized logging is an important economic activity. These results were then compared to find optimal stand-level and species-specific sustainable timber management (STM) regimes using a set of timber yield and population growth indicators. Prospects for STM in Amazonian tidal floodplain forests are better than for many other tropical forests. However, generally high stock recovery rates between harvests are due to the comparatively high projected mean annualized yields from fast-growing species that effectively counterbalance the projected yield declines from other species. For Amazonian tidal floodplain forests, national management guidelines provide neither the highest yields nor the highest sustained population growth for species under management. Our research shows that management guidelines specific to a region's ecological settings can be further refined to consider differences in species demographic responses to repeated harvests. In principle, such fine-tuned management guidelines could make management more attractive, thus bridging the currently prevalent gap between tropical timber management practice and regulation. C1 [Fortini, Lucas B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Cropper, Wendell P., Jr.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zarin, Daniel J.] Climate & Land Use Alliance, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Fortini, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM lfortini@usgs.gov RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Fortini, Lucas/0000-0002-5781-7295 FU Tropical Conservation and Development Program at the University of Florida; NSF Working Forest in the Tropics IGERT; NSF DDI program; South East AGEP; EPA STAR program [FP-91688001]; USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center FX This research was supported by the Tropical Conservation and Development Program at the University of Florida, the NSF Working Forest in the Tropics IGERT, the NSF DDI program, the South East AGEP, the EPA STAR program (FP-91688001), and the USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 31 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0136740 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136740 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ2MT UT WOS:000360435500032 PM 26322896 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Rigler, EJ Pulkkinen, A Riley, P AF Love, Jeffrey J. Rigler, E. Joshua Pulkkinen, Antti Riley, Pete TI On the lognormality of historical magnetic storm intensity statistics: Implications for extreme-event probabilities SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; SPACE WEATHER; SOLAR-WIND; POWER LAWS; D-ST; DISTRIBUTIONS; DST; FIELD AB An examination is made of the hypothesis that the statistics of magnetic storm maximum intensities are the realization of a lognormal stochastic process. Weighted least squares and maximum likelihood methods are used to fit lognormal functions to -Dst storm time maxima for years 1957-2012; bootstrap analysis is used to established confidence limits on forecasts. Both methods provide fits that are reasonably consistent with the data; both methods also provide fits that are superior to those that can be made with a power-law function. In general, the maximum likelihood method provides forecasts having tighter confidence intervals than those provided by weighted least squares. From extrapolation of maximum likelihood fits: a magnetic storm with intensity exceeding that of the 1859 Carrington event, -Dst >= 850 nT, occurs about 1.13 times per century and a wide 95% confidence interval of [0.42, 2.41] times per century; a 100 year magnetic storm is identified as having a -Dst >= 880 nT (greater than Carrington) but a wide 95% confidence interval of [490, 1187] nT. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.; Rigler, E. Joshua] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pulkkinen, Antti] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Riley, Pete] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov OI Riley, Pete/0000-0002-1859-456X FU USGS Geomagnetism Program FX We thank C.A. Finn, J. McCarthy, M.P. Moschetti, and J.L. Slate for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank M.A. Balikhin and A. Kelbert for useful conversations. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. The standard Dst index is provided by the Kyoto World Data Center in Japan (wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6544 EP 6553 DI 10.1002/2015GL064842 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800002 ER PT J AU Ryan, KJ Geist, EL Barall, M Oglesby, DD AF Ryan, Kenny J. Geist, Eric L. Barall, Michael Oglesby, David D. TI Dynamic models of an earthquake and tsunami offshore Ventura, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FRICTION LAWS; FAULT; RUPTURE; SLIP; PARAMETERS; STRESS AB The Ventura basin in Southern California includes coastal dip-slip faults that can likely produce earthquakes of magnitude 7 or greater and significant local tsunamis. We construct a 3-D dynamic rupture model of an earthquake on the Pitas Point and Lower Red Mountain faults to model low-frequency ground motion and the resulting tsunami, with a goal of elucidating the seismic and tsunami hazard in this area. Our model results in an average stress drop of 6 MPa, an average fault slip of 7.4 m, and a moment magnitude of 7.7, consistent with regional paleoseismic data. Our corresponding tsunami model uses final seafloor displacement from the rupture model as initial conditions to compute local propagation and inundation, resulting in large peak tsunami amplitudes northward and eastward due to site and path effects. Modeled inundation in the Ventura area is significantly greater than that indicated by state of California's current reference inundation line. C1 [Ryan, Kenny J.; Oglesby, David D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barall, Michael] Invisible Software, San Jose, CA USA. RP Ryan, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM kenny.ryan@email.ucr.edu FU Southern California Earthquake Center [14137]; NSF [EAR-0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008] FX The earthquake rupture code (FaultMod) used in this study is documented at http://scecdata.usc.edu/cvws/download/codedesc/. The tsunami code (COMCOT) used in this study is documented at http://ceeserver.cee.cornell.edu/pllgroup/comcot.htm. We are especially grateful for conversations and help from Scott Marshall, Tom Parsons, Andreas Plesch, Tom Rockwell, James Dolan, and Surendra Sarkar. Additionally, we thank Judith Hubbard and Andrew Newman for their thoughtful comments and critiques that greatly improved this study. This work was supported by Southern California Earthquake Center award #14137. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6599 EP 6606 DI 10.1002/2015GL064507 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800009 ER PT J AU Wollheim, WM Stewart, RJ Aiken, GR Butler, KD Morse, NB Salisbury, J AF Wollheim, W. M. Stewart, R. J. Aiken, G. R. Butler, K. D. Morse, N. B. Salisbury, J. TI Removal of terrestrial DOC in aquatic ecosystems of a temperate river network SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; STREAM METABOLISM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NEW-YORK; MATTER; WETLANDS; DYNAMICS; FLUXES; WATERS; LAND AB Surface waters play a potentially important role in the global carbon balance. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes are a major transfer of terrestrial carbon to river systems, and the fate of DOC in aquatic systems is poorly constrained. We used a unique combination of spatially distributed sampling of three DOC fractions throughout a river network and modeling to quantify the net removal of terrestrial DOC during a summer base flow period. We found that aquatic reactivity of terrestrial DOC leading to net loss is low, closer to conservative chloride than to reactive nitrogen. Net removal occurred mainly from the hydrophobic organic acid fraction, while hydrophilic and transphilic acids showed no net change, indicating that partitioning of bulk DOC into different fractions is critical for understanding terrestrial DOC removal. These findings suggest that river systems may have only a modest ability to alter the amounts of terrestrial DOC delivered to coastal zones. C1 [Wollheim, W. M.; Stewart, R. J.; Morse, N. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wollheim, W. M.; Stewart, R. J.; Morse, N. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Aiken, G. R.; Butler, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Salisbury, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Wollheim, WM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wil.wollheim@unh.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OCE-1058747, OCE-1238212]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AU89G] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation NSF-OCE-1058747 and OCE-1238212 (Plum Island LTER) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NNX09AU89G. Data used in this manuscript are available upon request and via the Plum Island Long Term Ecological Research projects web site. We also thank Richard Carey and Sophie Burke for their help in the field, and four anonymous reviewers for their comments which greatly improved the paper. The use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6671 EP 6679 DI 10.1002/2015GL064647 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3FY UT WOS:000363410800018 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, Thomas E. TI Age-related mortality explains life history strategies of tropical and temperate songbirds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL RATES; PARENTAL CARE; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; BIRDS; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; PREDATION; FRAMEWORK; SELECTION AB Life history theory attempts to explain why species differ in offspring number and quality, growth rate, and parental effort. I show that unappreciated interactions of these traits in response to age-related mortality risk challenge traditional perspectives and explain life history evolution in songbirds. Counter to a long-standing paradigm, tropical songbirds grow at similar overall rates to temperate species but grow wings relatively faster. These growth tactics are favored by predation risk, both in and after leaving the nest, and are facilitated by greater provisioning of individual offspring by parents. Increased provisioning of individual offspring depends on partitioning effort among fewer young because of constraints on effort from adult and nest mortality. These growth and provisioning responses to mortality risk finally explain the conundrum of small clutch sizes of tropical birds. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; University of Montana IACUC [059-10TMMCWRU] FX I thank J. Maron, F. S. Dobson, two anonymous reviewers, and my graduate students for helpful comments; Z. Wang for providing initial R-code for growth analyses; Sabah Parks and the Sabah Biodiversity Centre in Malaysia; and C. Bosque, INPARQUES, and Fonacit in Venezuela. This work was supported by NSF grants DEB-1241041 and IOS-1349178 and by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, and was conducted under auspices of University of Montana IACUC no. 059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data are available in Dryad: DOI 10.5061/dryad.2m15n; data files: Life_history_data. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 54 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6251 BP 966 EP 970 DI 10.1126/science.aad1173 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ5LW UT WOS:000360646800051 PM 26315435 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Conley, ZB Bensley, M AF Sealey, Wendy M. Conley, Zachariah B. Bensley, Molly TI Prebiotic supplementation has only minimal effects on growth efficiency, intestinal health and disease resistance of Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi fed 30% soybean meal SO FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cutthroat trout; soybean meal enteritis; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; prebiotic; disease resistance ID SALMO-SALAR L.; DIETARY MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; X MORONE-SAXATILIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; FLAVOBACTERIUM-PSYCHROPHILUM; GOLDEN SHINERS; INDUCED ENTERITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Prebiotics have successfully been used to prevent infectious diseases in aquaculture and there is an increasing amount of literature that suggests that these products can also improve alternative protein utilization and digestion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether prebiotic supplementation increased the growth efficiency, intestinal health, and disease resistance of cutthroat trout fed a high level of dietary soybean meal. To achieve this objective, juvenile Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) were fed a practical type formulation with 0 or 30% dietary soybean meal with or without the commercial prebiotic (Grobiotic-A) prior to experimental exposure to Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Juvenile Westslope cutthroat trout (initial weight 7.8 g/fish +/- SD of 0.5 g) were stocked at 30 fish/tank in 75 L tanks with six replicate tanks per diet and fed their respective diets for 20 weeks. Final weights of Westslope cutthroat trout were affected by neither dietary soybean meal inclusion level (P= 0.9582) nor prebiotic inclusion (P=0.9348) and no interaction was observed (P=0.1242). Feed conversion ratios were similarly not affected by soybean meal level (P= 0.4895), prebiotic inclusion (P=0.3258) or their interaction (P=0.1478). Histological examination of the distal intestine of Westslope cutthroat trout demonstrated increases in inflammation due to both increased soybean meal inclusion level (P=0.0038) and prebiotic inclusion (P=0.0327) without significant interaction (P=0.3370). Feeding dietary soybean meal level at 30% increased mortality of F psychrophilum cohabitation challenged Westslope cutthroat trout (P=0.0345) while prebiotic inclusion tended to decrease mortality (P=0.0671). These results indicate that subclinical alterations in intestinal inflammation levels due to high dietary inclusion levels of soybean meal could predispose Westslope cutthroat trout to F psychrophilum infection. C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.; Conley, Zachariah B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Conley, Zachariah B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bensley, Molly] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-38500-19657] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Rick Barrows, Jason Frost, Carly Stone, and Nate Haygood for their assistance with diet manufacturing; Dr. Gibson Gaylord, Cal Fraser, Matt Toner, and Jason Ilgen for their assistance with fish culture and sampling; and Paige Maskill for her assistance with laboratory analyses. We would also like to thank the Bozeman Fish Health Lab staff and contractors for their collaborative efforts specifically Tammy Weiss for tissue processing and Beth MacConnell for assistance in pathology interpretation. Funding for the study was provided, in part, by the Western Regional Aquaculture Center through grant number 2012-38500-19657 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the authors, the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-3224 J9 FRONT IMMUNOL JI Front. Immunol. PD AUG 27 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 396 DI 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00396 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA CQ1BH UT WOS:000360331800001 PM 26379662 ER PT J AU Tenopir, C Dalton, ED Allard, S Frame, M Pjesivac, I Birch, B Pollock, D Dorsett, K AF Tenopir, Carol Dalton, Elizabeth D. Allard, Suzie Frame, Mike Pjesivac, Ivanka Birch, Ben Pollock, Danielle Dorsett, Kristina TI Changes in Data Sharing and Data Reuse Practices and Perceptions among Scientists Worldwide SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE; ACCESS AB The incorporation of data sharing into the research lifecycle is an important part of modern scholarly debate. In this study, the DataONE Usability and Assessment working group addresses two primary goals: To examine the current state of data sharing and reuse perceptions and practices among research scientists as they compare to the 2009/2010 baseline study, and to examine differences in practices and perceptions across age groups, geographic regions, and subject disciplines. We distributed surveys to a multinational sample of scientific researchers at two different time periods (October 2009 to July 2010 and October 2013 to March 2014) to observe current states of data sharing and to see what, if any, changes have occurred in the past 3-4 years. We also looked at differences across age, geographic, and discipline-based groups as they currently exist in the 2013/2014 survey. Results point to increased acceptance of and willingness to engage in data sharing, as well as an increase in actual data sharing behaviors. However, there is also increased perceived risk associated with data sharing, and specific barriers to data sharing persist. There are also differences across age groups, with younger respondents feeling more favorably toward data sharing and reuse, yet making less of their data available than older respondents. Geographic differences exist as well, which can in part be understood in terms of collectivist and individualist cultural differences. An examination of subject disciplines shows that the constraints and enablers of data sharing and reuse manifest differently across disciplines. Implications of these findings include the continued need to build infrastructure that promotes data sharing while recognizing the needs of different research communities. Moving into the future, organizations such as DataONE will continue to assess, monitor, educate, and provide the infrastructure necessary to support such complex grand science challenges. C1 [Tenopir, Carol; Allard, Suzie; Birch, Ben; Pollock, Danielle; Dorsett, Kristina] Univ Tennessee, Sch Informat Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Dalton, Elizabeth D.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Informat & Commun Studies, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Frame, Mike] US Geol Survey, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pjesivac, Ivanka] Univ Georgia, Grady Coll Journalism & Mass Commun, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dalton, ED (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Informat & Commun Studies, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eddalton@utk.edu OI Dorsett, Kristina/0000-0002-0820-6295 FU National Science Foundation, Division of Cyberinfrastructure; Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE) NSF award under a Cooperative Agreement [0830944] FX The project was funded as part of the National Science Foundation, Division of Cyberinfrastructure (http://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=ACI), Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE) NSF award #0830944 under a Cooperative Agreement. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134826 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134826 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP7LO UT WOS:000360069400037 PM 26308551 ER PT J AU Humphries, AT La Peyre, MK AF Humphries, Austin T. La Peyre, Megan K. TI Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Ecological valuation; Biogenic habitat; Estuarine ecology; Gulf of Mexico; Essential fish habitat; Ecosystem engineer; Fisheries; Living shorelines; Facilitation ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; HABITAT STRUCTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSH; CONSERVATION; ENHANCEMENT; DEGRADATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB Across the globe, discussions centered on the value of nature drive many conservation and restoration decisions. As a result, justification for management activities increasingly asks for two lines of evidence: (1) biological proof of augmented ecosystem function or service, and (2) monetary valuation of these services. For oyster reefs, which have seen significant global declines and increasing restoration work, the need to provide both biological and monetary evidence of reef services on a local-level has become more critical in a time of declining resources. Here, we quantified species biomass and potential commercial value of nekton collected from restored oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in coastal Louisiana over a 3-year period, providing multiple snapshots of biomass support over time. Overall, and with little change over time, fish and invertebrate biomass is 212% greater at restored oyster reefs than mud-bottom, or 0.12 kg m(-2). The additional biomass of commercial species is equivalent to an increase of local fisheries value by 226%, or $0.09 m(-2). Understanding the ecosystem value of restoration projects, and how they interact with regional management priorities, is critical to inform local decision-making and provide testable predictions. Quantitative estimates of potential commercial fisheries enhancement by oyster reef restoration such as this one can be used directly by local managers to determine the expected return on investment. C1 [Humphries, Austin T.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Humphries, Austin T.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit,AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Humphries, AT (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM austin.humphries@gmail.com; mlapeyre@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries provided financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 45 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 3 AR e1111 DI 10.7717/peerj.1111 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ8HN UT WOS:000360847900001 PM 26336635 ER PT J AU Penaluna, BE Dunham, JB Railsback, SF Arismendi, I Johnson, SL Bilby, RE Safeeq, M Skaugset, AE AF Penaluna, Brooke E. Dunham, Jason B. Railsback, Steve F. Arismendi, Ivan Johnson, Sherri L. Bilby, Robert E. Safeeq, Mohammad Skaugset, Arne E. TI Local Variability Mediates Vulnerability of Trout Populations to Land Use and Climate Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM TEMPERATURES; SPECIES ABUNDANCE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOREST HARVEST; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; MODELS; RESPONSES AB Land use and climate change occur simultaneously around the globe. Fully understanding their separate and combined effects requires a mechanistic understanding at the local scale where their effects are ultimately realized. Here we applied an individual-based model of fish population dynamics to evaluate the role of local stream variability in modifying responses of Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) to scenarios simulating identical changes in temperature and stream flows linked to forest harvest, climate change, and their combined effects over six decades. We parameterized the model for four neighboring streams located in a forested headwater catchment in northwestern Oregon, USA with multi-year, daily measurements of stream temperature, flow, and turbidity (20072011), and field measurements of both instream habitat structure and three years of annual trout population estimates. Model simulations revealed that variability in habitat conditions among streams (depth, available habitat) mediated the effects of forest harvest and climate change. Net effects for most simulated trout responses were different from or less than the sum of their separate scenarios. In some cases, forest harvest countered the effects of climate change through increased summer flow. Climate change most strongly influenced trout (earlier fry emergence, reductions in biomass of older trout, increased biomass of young-of-year), but these changes did not consistently translate into reductions in biomass over time. Forest harvest, in contrast, produced fewer and less consistent responses in trout. Earlier fry emergence driven by climate change was the most consistent simulated response, whereas survival, growth, and biomass were inconsistent. Overall our findings indicate a host of local processes can strongly influence how populations respond to broad scale effects of land use and climate change. C1 [Penaluna, Brooke E.; Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Penaluna, Brooke E.; Arismendi, Ivan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Railsback, Steve F.] Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bilby, Robert E.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. [Safeeq, Mohammad] Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Skaugset, Arne E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Penaluna, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Brooke.Penaluna@oregonstate.edu RI Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010; OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350; Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 FU EPA Science to Achieve Results STAR Grant; J Frances Allen Scholarship through American Fisheries Society; Watersheds Research Cooperative at Oregon State University; US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; PNW Research Station; US Forest Service FX BEP was funded by an EPA Science to Achieve Results STAR Grant and J Frances Allen Scholarship through American Fisheries Society. Additional funding support came from the Watersheds Research Cooperative at Oregon State University, US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, and the PNW Research Station with US Forest Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135334 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135334 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP5MR UT WOS:000359926900027 PM 26295478 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Stephenson, NL AF Millar, Constance I. Stephenson, Nathan L. TI Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY; MEGA-FIRES; LAND MANAGEMENT; TIPPING POINTS; DIE-OFF; VEGETATION AB Although disturbances such as fire and native insects can contribute to natural dynamics of forest health, exceptional droughts, directly and in combination with other disturbance factors, are pushing some temperate forests beyond thresholds of sustainability. Interactions from increasing temperatures, drought, native insects and pathogens, and uncharacteristically severe wildfire are resulting in forest mortality beyond the levels of 20th-century experience. Additional anthropogenic stressors, such as atmospheric pollution and invasive species, further weaken trees in some regions. Although continuing climate change will likely drive many areas of temperate forest toward large- scale transformations, management actions can help ease transitions and minimize losses of socially valued ecosystem services. C1 [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank M. Dettinger (U.S. Geological Survey), C. J. Fettig (U.S. Forest Service), J. Hicke (University of Idaho), S. Stephens (University of California, Berkeley), and A. P. Williams (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) for reviewing the draft manuscript; A. P. Williams for providing an update of FDSI trends for Fig. 3; and D. Delany (U.S. Forest Service) for help with figures. C.I.M. and N.L.S. are supported by the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Geological Survey, respectively. NR 62 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 35 U2 158 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6250 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1126/science.aaa9933 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP4DR UT WOS:000359832700037 PM 26293954 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Deleo, G Briggs, CJ Dobson, AP Gross, T Kuris, AM AF Lafferty, Kevin D. DeLeo, Giulio Briggs, Cheryl J. Dobson, Andrew P. Gross, Thilo Kuris, Armand M. TI A general consumer-resource population model SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Food-web dynamics arise from predator-prey, parasite-host, and herbivore-plant interactions. Models for such interactions include up to three consumer activity states (questing, attacking, consuming) and up to four resource response states (susceptible, exposed, ingested, resistant). Articulating these states into a general model allows for dissecting, comparing, and deriving consumer-resource models. We specify this general model for 11 generic consumer strategies that group mathematically into predators, parasites, and micropredators and then derive conditions for consumer success, including a universal saturating functional response. We further show how to use this framework to create simple models with a common mathematical lineage and transparent assumptions. Underlying assumptions, missing elements, and composite parameters are revealed when classic consumer-resource models are derived from the general model. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Briggs, Cheryl J.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [DeLeo, Giulio] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Hopkins Marine Stn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Gross, Thilo] Univ Bristol, Dept Engn Math, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM klafferty@usgs.gov RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center - NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California-Santa Barbara; State of California; NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases [OCE-1115965]; MacDonnel Foundation FX This work was conducted as a part of the Parasites and Food Webs Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (grant DEB-0553768), the University of California-Santa Barbara, and the State of California, and by NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases (grant OCE-1115965). A.P.D. was also sponsored by a Complexity Grant from the MacDonnel Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We thank H. McCallum, M. Pascual, M. Wilber, R. Hechinger, J. McLaughlin, R. Warner, and S. Weinstein. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 19 U2 81 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6250 BP 854 EP 857 DI 10.1126/science.aaa6224 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP4DR UT WOS:000359832700046 PM 26293960 ER PT J AU Santos, MRD Martins, AS Baptistotte, C Work, TM AF de Deus Santos, Marcelo Renan Martins, Agnaldo Silva Baptistotte, Ceclia Work, Thierry M. TI Health condition of juvenile Chelonia mydas related to fibropapillomatosis in southeast Brazil SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Green sea turtle; Clinical biochemistry; Body condition index; Fibropapillomatosis; Health monitoring; Packed cell volume ID BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY VALUES; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; GREEN TURTLES; REFERENCE INTERVALS; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; PACIFIC COAST; PATHOLOGY; HERPESVIRUS AB Packed cell volume (PCV), plasma biochemistry, visual body condition (BC), and calculated body condition index (BCI) were evaluated in 170 wild juvenile green sea turtles Chelonia mydas from an aggregation in the effluent canal of a steel mill in Brazil. Occurrence of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis (FP) was observed in 44.1% of the animals examined. BCI alone did not differ significantly between healthy animals and those afflicted with FP. However, all turtles with low BCI were severely afflicted and were uremic, hypoglycemic, and anemic in relation to healthy animals. Severe FP was not always reflected by a poor health condition of the individual. Clinical evaluation and plasma biochemistry indicated that most animals afflicted with FP were in good health condition. Differences in FP manifestations and associated health conditions in different geographic regions must be assessed by long-term health monitoring programs to help define priorities for conservation efforts. C1 [de Deus Santos, Marcelo Renan] Inst Ensino Pesquisa & Preservacao Ambiental Marc, BR-29055290 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Martins, Agnaldo Silva] Univ Fed Espirito Santo UFES, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat CCHN UFES, Lab Nectol, BR-29075900 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Baptistotte, Ceclia] Escritorio Reg Espirito Santo, Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, BR-29050256 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Santos, MRD (reprint author), Inst Ensino Pesquisa & Preservacao Ambiental Marc, R Fortunato Ramos 123, BR-29055290 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. EM mrenansantos@gmail.com RI Martins, Agnaldo/F-1615-2011 OI Martins, Agnaldo/0000-0003-2160-1326 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.3354/dao02883 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CQ0MR UT WOS:000360290800003 ER PT J AU Momen, B Behling, SJ Lawrence, GB Sullivan, JH AF Momen, Bahram Behling, Shawna J. Lawrence, Greg B. Sullivan, Joseph H. TI Photosynthetic and Growth Response of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Mature Trees and Seedlings to Calcium, Magnesium, and Nitrogen Additions in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BASE CATION FERTILIZATION; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; CROWN VIGOR; STANDS; NUTRITION AB Decline of sugar maple in North American forests has been attributed to changes in soil calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) by acidic precipitation. Although N is an essential and usually a limiting factor in forests, atmospheric N deposition may cause N-saturation leading to loss of soil Ca. Such changes can affect carbon gain and growth of sugar maple trees and seedlings. We applied a 2(2) factorial arrangement of N and dolomitic limestone containing Ca and Magnesium (Mg) to 12 forest plots in the Catskill Mountain region of NY, USA. To quantify the short-term effects, we measured photosynthetic-light responses of sugar maple mature trees and seedlings two or three times during two summers. We estimated maximum net photosynthesis (An-max) and its related light intensity (PAR at An-max), apparent quantum efficiency (A(qe)), and light compensation point (LCP). To quantify the long-term effects, we measured basal area of living mature trees before and 4 and 8 years after treatment applications. Soil and foliar chemistry variables were also measured. Dolomitic limestone increased Ca, Mg, and pH in the soil Oe horizon. Mg was increased in the B horizon when comparing the plots receiving N with those receiving CaMg. In mature trees, foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were higher in the CaMg and N+CaMg plots than in the reference or N plots; foliar Ca concentration was higher in the N+CaMg plots compared with the CaMg plots, foliar Mg was higher in the CaMg plots than the N+CaMg plots; An-max was maximized due to N+CaMg treatment; A(qe) decreased by N addition; and PAR at An-max increased by N or CaMg treatments alone, but the increase was maximized by their combination. No treatment effect was detected on basal areas of living mature trees four or eight years after treatment applications. In seedlings, An-max was increased by N+CaMg addition. The reference plots had an open herbaceous layer, but the plots receiving N had a dense monoculture of common woodfern in the forest floor, which can impede seedling survival. C1 [Momen, Bahram] Univ Maryland, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Behling, Shawna J.; Sullivan, Joseph H.] Univ Maryland, Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lawrence, Greg B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY USA. RP Momen, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bmomen@umd.edu FU GBL through USGS FX SJB received Research Assistantship from the University of Maryland, College Park when working on this project. Travel and treatment applications expenses were provided by GBL through USGS internal funds. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0136148 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0136148 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP5KH UT WOS:000359919900059 PM 26291323 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Connor, EF Askins, RA AF Dorazio, Robert M. Connor, Edward F. Askins, Robert A. TI Estimating the Effects of Habitat and Biological Interactions in an Avian Community SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HETEROSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; SPECIES COOCCURRENCE; BIRD COMMUNITIES; CENSUS-DATA; COMPETITION; MODELS; ABUNDANCE; FOREST; DIVERSITY; COEFFICIENTS AB We used repeated sightings of individual birds encountered in community-level surveys to investigate the relative roles of habitat and biological interactions in determining the distribution and abundance of each species. To analyze these data, we developed a multispecies N-mixture model that allowed estimation of both positive and negative correlations between abundances of different species while also estimating the effects of habitat and the effects of errors in detection of each species. Using a combination of single-and multispecies N-mixture modeling, we examined for each species whether our measures of habitat were sufficient to account for the variation in encounter histories of individual birds or whether other habitat variables or interactions with other species needed to be considered. In the community that we studied, habitat appeared to be more influential than biological interactions in determining the distribution and abundance of most avian species. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that abundances of forest specialists are negatively affected by forest fragmentation. Our results also suggest that many species were associated with particular types of vegetation as measured by structural attributes of the forests. The abundances of 6 of the 73 species observed in our study were strongly correlated. These species included large birds (American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)) that forage on the ground in open habitats and small birds (Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), House Wren (Troglodytes aedon), Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina), and Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor)) that are associated with dense shrub cover. Species abundances were positively correlated within each size group and negatively correlated between groups. Except for the American Crow, which preys on eggs and nestlings of small song birds, none of the other 5 species is known to display direct interactions, so we suspect that the correlations may have been associated with species-specific responses to habitat components not adequately measured by our covariates. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Connor, Edward F.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Askins, Robert A.] Connecticut Coll, Dept Biol, New London, CT 06320 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov FU National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBIOS); National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; Nature Conservancy; Connecticut College Arboretum FX This work was supported by National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBIOS), which was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF Award \#EF-0832858. The field research was funded by the Nature Conservancy and the Connecticut College Arboretum. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 19 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135987 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135987 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CP6SN UT WOS:000360018600094 PM 26287671 ER PT J AU Gale, RW Papoulias, DM Schmitt, CJ AF Gale, Robert W. Papoulias, Diana M. Schmitt, Christopher J. TI Bioaccumulation of Stentorin, the Probable Causative Agent for Discolored ("Purple") Eggs and Ovaries in Blue Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) from Eufaula Lake, Oklahoma, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PATAGONIAN LAKES; MARISTENTOR-DINOFERUS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CILIATES PROTOZOA; HYPERICIN; COERULEUS; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; PHOTORECEPTOR; CONSUMPTION AB Observations of reddish to "purple" discolored eggs in the ovaries of adult female blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) from the northern arm of Eufaula Lake, a eutrophic multiuse impoundment in east-central Oklahoma, were first reported in 2006. Blue catfish eggs are normally cream to light yellow. Reports peaked in 2007-2008 and declined through 2009-2010; purple eggs have not been reported between 2010 and 2014. In the laboratory, all tissues and fluids of affected fish were strongly orange-red fluorescent under UV illumination, with the fluorescence most apparent in the lipid-rich ovaries and eggs. The causative agent was isolated chromatographically and confirmed by mass spectrometry as stentorin (1,3,4,6,8,10,11,13- octahydroxy-2,5 diisopropyl-phenanthro [1,10,9,8, o,p, q,r, a]-perylene-7,14-dione), the fluorescent, lipophilic pigment associated with the photoreceptor protein of the ciliated protozoan Stentor coeruleus (Heterotrichea; Stentoridae). Larval medaka (Orizias latipes) readily consumed S. coeruleus in the laboratory and were observed to fluoresce in the same manner as the affected blue catfish. Potential deleterious effects of stentorin bioaccumulation remain to be determined, as do the geographic extent and the identities of other fluorescent compounds isolated from catfish eggs and ovaries. C1 [Gale, Robert W.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Gale, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rgale@usgs.gov FU USGS (Environmental Health Mission Area); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Tulsa, Oklahoma District; COE) FX This research was jointly supported by USGS (Environmental Health Mission Area) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Tulsa, Oklahoma District; COE). Collaboration with T. Clyde (COE) and S. Woods and R. Miller (Connor State University) was especially beneficial. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia Fisheries Resource Office collected MR blue catfish. D. Nicks, J. Candrl, M. Tanner, V. Velez, M. Wright-Osment, W. Marler, T. Dunn, S. Buck, C. Orazio, and D. Tillitt (all USGS) participated in the study, and N. Leigh [University of Missouri (UM) CORE Facility], S. Pucciarelli (University of Camerino), W. Foissner (Universitat Salzburg), N. Kamjunke (Helmholtz Center for Research), and C. Lobban (University of Guam) provided valuable insight. D. True (UM Resource Assessment Partnership) prepared the map. Special thanks to R. Chong (Biosecurity Queensland) for discussions about food web versus disease processes and to H. Falk (Johannes Kepler University) for commenting on our experimental information and discussions about stentorin synthesis and biochemistry, and to E. Furlong and L. Iwanowicz (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 16 BP 9639 EP 9647 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02273 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP4ZS UT WOS:000359891700030 PM 26230836 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Terziotti, S Abrams, DB AF Tesoriero, Anthony J. Terziotti, Silvia Abrams, Daniel B. TI Predicting Redox Conditions in Groundwater at a Regional Scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE CONTAMINATION; SURFACE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; DENITRIFICATION; VULNERABILITY; AQUIFER; ELECTRON; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; STREAM AB Defining the oxic-suboxic interface is often critical for determining pathways for nitrate transport in groundwater and to streams at the local scale. Defining this interface on a regional scale is complicated by the spatial variability of reaction rates. The probability of oxic groundwater in the Chesapeake Bay watershed was predicted by relating dissolved O-2 concentrations in groundwater samples to indicators of residence time and/or electron donor availability using logistic regression. Variables that describe surficial geology, position in the flow system, and soil drainage were important predictors of oxic water. The probability of encountering oxic groundwater at a 30 m depth and the depth to the bottom of the oxic layer were predicted for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The influence of depth to the bottom of the oxic layer on stream nitrate concentrations and time lags (i.e., time period between land application of nitrogen and its effect on streams) are illustrated using model simulations for hypothetical basins. Regional maps of the probability of oxic groundwater should prove useful as indicators of groundwater susceptibility and stream susceptibility to contaminant sources derived from groundwater. C1 [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] USGS, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Terziotti, Silvia] USGS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Abrams, Daniel B.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), USGS, 2130 SW Fifth Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM tesorier@usgs.gov OI Terziotti, Silvia/0000-0003-3559-5844 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The authors thank Jessica Hopple for her assistance with data compilation and Ian Waite and Tom Nolan for many helpful data analysis suggestions. The authors also appreciate the insightful comments provided by the journal reviewers and the associate editor that handled this manuscript. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 16 BP 9657 EP 9664 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b01869 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP4ZS UT WOS:000359891700032 PM 26230618 ER PT J AU Manceau, A Lemouchi, C Enescu, M Gaillot, AC Lanson, M Magnin, V Glatzel, P Poulin, BA Ryan, JN Aiken, GR Gautier-Luneau, I Nagy, KL AF Manceau, Alain Lemouchi, Cyprien Enescu, Mironel Gaillot, Anne-Claire Lanson, Martine Magnin, Valerie Glatzel, Pieter Poulin, Brett A. Ryan, Joseph N. Aiken, George R. Gautier-Luneau, Isabelle Nagy, Kathryn L. TI Formation of Mercury Sulfide from Hg(II)-Thiolate Complexes in Natural Organic Matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METALLIC COPPER; SOIL; NANOPARTICLES; SULFUR; EXAFS; METHYLATION; SORPTION AB Methylmercury is the environmental form of neurotoxic mercury that is biomagnified in the food chain. Methylation rates are reduced when the metal is sequestered in crystalline mercury sulfides or bound to thiol groups in macromolecular natural organic matter. Mercury sulfide minerals are known to nucleate in anoxic zones, by reaction of the thiol-bound mercury with biogenic sulfide, but not in oxic environments. We present experimental evidence that mercury sulfide forms from thiolbound mercury alone in aqueous dark systems in contact with air. The maximum amount of nanoparticulate mercury sulfide relative to thiolbound mercury obtained by reacting dissolved mercury and soil organic matter matches that detected in the organic horizon of a contaminated soil situated downstream from Oak Ridge, TN, in the United States. The nearly identical ratios of the two forms of mercury in field and experimental systems suggest a common reaction mechanism for nucleating the mineral. We identified a chemical reaction mechanism that is thermodynamically favorable in which thiol-bound mercury polymerizes to mercury sulfur clusters. The clusters form by elimination of sulfur from the thiol complexes via breaking of mercury sulfur bonds as in an alkylation reaction. Addition of sulfide is not required. This nucleation mechanism provides one explanation for how mercury may be immobilized, and eventually sequestered, in oxygenated surface environments. C1 [Manceau, Alain; Lemouchi, Cyprien; Lanson, Martine; Magnin, Valerie] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Lemouchi, Cyprien; Gautier-Luneau, Isabelle] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Enescu, Mironel] Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, Lab Chrono Environm, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Gaillot, Anne-Claire] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Glatzel, Pieter] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Poulin, Brett A.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Poulin, Brett A.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Nagy, Kathryn L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Manceau, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM alain.manceau@ujf-grenoble.fr; klnagy@uic.edu RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 FU French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-12-BS06-0008-01]; ANR [ANR-10-EQPX-27-01, ANR-10-EQPX-29-01]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0447310, EAR-0447386, EAR-0952068, EAR-0952311]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX Support was provided to A.M., I.G.-L., M.E., K.L.N., and C.L. via French National Research Agency (ANR) Grant ANR-12-BS06-0008-01; to A.M. and P.G. via ANR Grant ANR-10-EQPX-27-01 (EcoX Equipex); to K.L.N. and J.N.R. via U.S. National Science Foundation Grants EAR-0447310, EAR-0447386, EAR-0952068, and EAR-0952311; to K.L.N, A.M., G.R.A., and J.N.R. via the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; and to G.R.A. from U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank C. Lapras (ESRF) for his technical assistance, N. Findling (ISTerre) for XRD analysis, and C. Miller (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN) for assistance with field site selection. The Froggy platform of the CEMENT infrastructure (ANR Grant ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) provided computing resources. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 17 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 18 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 16 BP 9787 EP 9796 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02522 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP4ZS UT WOS:000359891700047 PM 26168020 ER PT J AU Schoenball, M Davatzes, NC Glen, JMG AF Schoenball, Martin Davatzes, Nicholas C. Glen, Jonathan M. G. TI Differentiating induced and natural seismicity using space-time-magnitude statistics applied to the Coso Geothermal field SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; earthquake scaling; nearest neighbors; earthquake clustering ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; IDENTIFICATION; EVENTS; STRESS; MAGMA AB A remarkable characteristic of earthquakes is their clustering in time and space, displaying their self-similarity. It remains to be tested if natural and induced earthquakes share the same behavior. We study natural and induced earthquakes comparatively in the same tectonic setting at the Coso Geothermal Field. Covering the preproduction and coproduction periods from 1981 to 2013, we analyze interevent times, spatial dimension, and frequency-size distributions for natural and induced earthquakes. Individually, these distributions are statistically indistinguishable. Determining the distribution of nearest neighbor distances in a combined space-time-magnitude metric, lets us identify clear differences between both kinds of seismicity. Compared to natural earthquakes, induced earthquakes feature a larger population of background seismicity and nearest neighbors at large magnitude rescaled times and small magnitude rescaled distances. Local stress perturbations induced by field operations appear to be strong enough to drive local faults through several seismic cycles and reactivate them after time periods on the order of a year. C1 [Schoenball, Martin; Davatzes, Nicholas C.] Temple Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Schoenball, Martin; Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, GMEG Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schoenball, M (reprint author), Temple Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM mschoenball@usgs.gov OI Schoenball, Martin/0000-0003-4880-4641 FU Temple University; U.S. Geological Surveys (USGS) [G13AC00283] FX Injection and production data are taken from the DOGGR database of the California Department of Conservation (http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog). The relocated catalog for southern California for 1981-2013 is available from the SCEDC website (http://scedc.caltech.edu/research-tools/alt-2011-ddhauksson-yang-sheare r.html). Navy GPO and Terra-Gen provided well trajectory data. This work is supported by Temple University and the U.S. Geological Surveys (USGS) Energy Program's Geothermal Project. M. Schoenball is financed by Cooperative Agreement Number G13AC00283 from the USGS to Temple University: Geothermal Systems in the Western U.S. We acknowledge reviews by Andrea Llenos, Jeanne Hardebeck, Art McGarr, and an anonymous reviewer that considerably helped to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6221 EP 6228 DI 10.1002/2015GL064772 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900012 ER PT J AU Kean, JW Coe, JA Coviello, V Smith, JB McCoy, SW Arattano, M AF Kean, J. W. Coe, J. A. Coviello, V. Smith, J. B. McCoy, S. W. Arattano, M. TI Estimating rates of debris flow entrainment from ground vibrations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE debris flow; erosion; geophone; seismic; entrainment; deposition ID SEISMIC DETECTORS; INITIATION; COLORADO; RUNOFF; STREAM; FIELD AB Debris flows generate seismic waves as they travel downslope and can become more dangerous as they entrain sediment along their path. We present field observations that show a systematic relation between the magnitude of seismic waves and the amount of erodible sediment beneath the flow. Specifically, we observe that a debris flow traveling along a channel filled initially with sediment 0.34m thick generates about 2 orders of magnitude less spectral power than a similar-sized flow over the same channel without sediment fill. We adapt a model from fluvial seismology to explain this observation and then invert it to estimate the level of bed sediment (and rate of entrainment) beneath a passing series of surges. Our estimates compare favorably with previous direct measurements of entrainment rates at the site, suggesting the approach may be a new indirect way to obtain rare field constraints needed to test models of debris flow entrainment. C1 [Kean, J. W.; Coe, J. A.; Smith, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Coviello, V.; Arattano, M.] Italian Natl Res Council CNR, Res Inst Geohydrol Protect, Turin, Italy. [McCoy, S. W.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McCoy, S. W.] Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Coviello, Velio/0000-0001-6845-9115; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU CNR short-term mobility project FX We thank Victor Tsai, Kate Allstadt, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Data for the complete events shown in Figures 2 and 3 are available at ftp://ftpext.usgs.gov/pub/cr/co/golden/Kean/DebrisFlowErosion. Partial support for V. Coviello came from a CNR short-term mobility project. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6365 EP 6372 DI 10.1002/2015GL064811 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900029 ER PT J AU Bartholomaus, TC Amundson, JM Walter, JI O'Neel, S West, ME Larsen, CF AF Bartholomaus, Timothy C. Amundson, Jason M. Walter, Jacob I. O'Neel, Shad West, Michael E. Larsen, Christopher F. TI Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glacier hydrology; seismic tremor; submarine melt; ice; ocean interactions; subglacial discharge ID SEASONAL VARIABILITY; OUTLET GLACIERS; ICE-SHEET; GREENLAND; TEMPERATURE; ICEQUAKES; ABLATION; ALASKA; FJORD; FLOW AB Subglacial discharge influences glacier basal motion and erodes and redeposits sediment. At tidewater glacier termini, discharge drives submarine terminus melting, affects fjord circulation, and is a central component of proglacial marine ecosystems. However, our present inability to track subglacial discharge and its variability significantly hinders our understanding of these processes. Here we report observations of hourly to seasonal variations in 1.5-10Hz seismic tremor that strongly correlate with subglacial discharge but not with basal motion, weather, or discrete icequakes. Our data demonstrate that vigorous discharge occurs from tidewater glaciers during summer, in spite of fast basal motion that could limit the formation of subglacial conduits, and then abates during winter. Furthermore, tremor observations and a melt model demonstrate that drainage efficiency of tidewater glaciers evolves seasonally. Glaciohydraulic tremor provides a means by which to quantify subglacial discharge variations and offers a promising window into otherwise obscured glacierized environments. C1 [Bartholomaus, Timothy C.; Walter, Jacob I.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Amundson, Jason M.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [West, Michael E.; Larsen, Christopher F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bartholomaus, TC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tbartholomaus@ig.utexas.edu RI Bartholomaus, Timothy/C-1781-2015; Walter, Jacob/C-6806-2015 OI Bartholomaus, Timothy/0000-0002-1470-6720; Walter, Jacob/0000-0001-7127-9422 FU postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics; Alaska NASA EPSCoR Program [NNX13AB28A]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Mission; U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center; PASSCAL polar program of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS); U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0810313] FX We thank the U.S. National Science Foundation for supporting data collection at Yahtse Glacier through grant EAR-0810313. T.C.B. was substantially supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. J.M.A. was supported by Alaska NASA EPSCoR Program (NNX13AB28A). S.O. was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Mission and the U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center. Seismic instrumentation was provided by the PASSCAL polar program of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). Jamie Bradshaw and Marci Beitch assisted in the Mendenhall Glacier data collection effort. Two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. Seismic data used in this study are archived at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center (IRIS DMC, http://www.iris.edu/dms/nodes/dmc/). Stream gaging data for the Mendenhall River and Nugget Creek are available though http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ak/nwis/dv/?site_no=15052500 and http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ak/nwis/dv/?site_no=15052495. Any additional data may be obtained from T.C.B. (tbartholomaus@ ig.utexas.edu). Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6391 EP 6398 DI 10.1002/2015GL064590 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900032 ER PT J AU Quataert, E Storlazzi, C van Rooijen, A Cheriton, O van Dongeren, A AF Quataert, Ellen Storlazzi, Curt van Rooijen, Arnold Cheriton, Olivia van Dongeren, Ap TI The influence of coral reefs and climate change on wave-driven flooding of tropical coastlines SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE wave runup; coral reef; reef morphology; modeling infragravity waves; flooding; climate change ID FRINGING-REEF; WIND-WAVES; SEA-LEVEL; ENERGY; FLOW; DISSIPATION; SEYCHELLES; ISLANDS; HAWAII; ATOLL AB A numerical model, XBeach, calibrated and validated on field data collected at Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of Marshall Islands, was used to examine the effects of different coral reef characteristics on potential coastal hazards caused by wave-driven flooding and how these effects may be altered by projected climate change. The results presented herein suggest that coasts fronted by relatively narrow reefs with steep fore reef slopes (similar to 1:10 and steeper) and deeper, smoother reef flats are expected to experience the highest wave runup. Wave runup increases for higher water levels (sea level rise), higher waves, and lower bed roughness (coral degradation), which are all expected effects of climate change. Rising sea levels and climate change will therefore have a significant negative impact on the ability of coral reefs to mitigate the effects of coastal hazards in the future. C1 [Quataert, Ellen; van Rooijen, Arnold; van Dongeren, Ap] Deltares, Unit Marine & Coastal Syst, Dept Appl Morphodynam, Delft, Netherlands. [Quataert, Ellen] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. [Storlazzi, Curt; Cheriton, Olivia] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136; Van Dongeren, Albertus/0000-0002-1982-4777 FU U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2334]; U.S. Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center; Deltares [1220002]; U.S. Army Garrison-Kwajalein Atoll (USAG-KA) FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under Project RC-2334 ("The Impact of Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change on Department of Defense Installations on Atolls in the Pacific Ocean"), the U.S. Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, and Deltares through the Deltares Strategic Research in the "Event-driven hydro-and morphodynamics" program (1220002). Joshua Logan, Kurt Rosenberger, and Thomas Reiss (USGS) provided invaluable field and data support. We would like to thank the U.S. Army Garrison-Kwajalein Atoll (USAG-KA) for their overarching support of this project. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. The USGS data sets presented herein can be obtained by sending a written request to the corresponding author. The XBeach software is available at xbeach. org, and the profile models used can be obtained by sending a written request to Ap van Dongeren (email:Ap.vanDongeren@deltares.nl). The authors would like to thank Steve Monismith and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful feedback. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 15 BP 6407 EP 6415 DI 10.1002/2015GL064861 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2FM UT WOS:000360414900034 ER PT J AU Meltzner, AJ Sieh, K Chiang, HW Wu, CC Tsang, LLH Shen, CC Hill, EM Suwargadi, BW Natawidjaja, DH Philibosian, B Briggs, RW AF Meltzner, Aron J. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Wu, Chung-Che Tsang, Louisa L. H. Shen, Chuan-Chou Hill, Emma M. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Philibosian, Belle Briggs, Richard W. TI Time-varying interseismic strain rates and similar seismic ruptures on the Nias-Simeulue patch of the Sunda megathrust SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Subduction zone; Paleoseismology; Paleogeodesy; Sumatra; Coral microatolls; Earthquake recurrence; Interseismic deformation; Slow slip events ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; SLOW-SLIP PHENOMENA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; INDIAN-OCEAN; SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE; TENSILE FAULTS; HIGH-PRECISION; CONTINUOUS GPS; HALF-SPACE; EL-NINO AB Fossil coral microatolls from fringing reefs above the great (M(W)8.6) megathrust rupture of 2005 record uplift during the historically reported great earthquake of 1861. Such evidence spans nearly the entire 400-km strike length of the 2005 rupture, which was previously shown to be bounded by two persistent barriers to seismic rupture. Moreover, at sites where we have constrained the 1861 uplift amplitude, it is comparable to uplift in 2005. Thus the 1861 and 2005 ruptures appear to be similar in both extent and magnitude. At one site an uplift around AD 1422 also appears to mimic the amount of uplift in 2005. The high degree of similarity among certain ruptures of this Nias-Simeulue section of the Sunda megathrust contrasts with the substantial disparities amongst ruptures along other sections of the Sumatran portion of the Sunda megathrust. At a site on the northwestern tip of Nias, reefs also rose during an earthquake in AD 1843, known historically for its damaging tsunami along the eastern coast of the island. The coral microatolls also record interseismic vertical deformation, at annual to decadal resolution, spanning decades to more than a century before each earthquake. The corals demonstrate significant changes over time in the rates of interseismic deformation. On southern Simeulue, interseismic subsidence rates were low between 1740 and 1820 but abruptly increased by a factor of 4-10, two to four decades before the 1861 rupture. This may indicate that full coupling or deep locking of the megathrust began only a few decades before the great earthquake. In the Banyak Islands, near the pivot line separating coseismic uplift from subsidence in 2005, ongoing interseismic subsidence switched to steady uplift from 1966 until 1981, suggesting a 15-year-long slow slip event, with slip velocities at more than 120% of the plate convergence rate. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meltzner, Aron J.; Sieh, Kerry; Chiang, Hong-Wei; Tsang, Louisa L. H.; Hill, Emma M.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Meltzner, Aron J.; Sieh, Kerry; Philibosian, Belle] CALTECH, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chiang, Hong-Wei; Wu, Chung-Che; Shen, Chuan-Chou] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Highprecis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change La, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Suwargadi, Bambang W.; Natawidjaja, Danny H.] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. [Philibosian, Belle] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Tecton & Mecan Lithosphere, F-75238 Paris, France. [Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Meltzner, AJ (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM meltzner@ntu.edu.sg RI Hill, Emma/B-7037-2011; Meltzner, Aron/A-5585-2009; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013; OI Philibosian, Belle/0000-0003-3138-4716; Hill, Emma/0000-0003-0231-5818; Chiang, Hong-Wei/0000-0002-5274-594X; SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; Meltzner, Aron/0000-0002-2955-0896; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU NSF [EAR-0538333]; MOST [102-2116-M-002-016, 103-2119-M-002-022]; NTU grant [101R7625]; NRF Fellowship [NRF-NRFF2010-064]; LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Science); RUTI (International Joint Research Program of the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Earth Observatory of Singapore; National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative FX We thank D. Prayudi, I. Suprihanto, and J. Galetzka for field support; S. Martin and C. Vita-Finzi for help locating historical documents; and J. Freymueller, F. Taylor, R. Witter, and an anonymous reviewer for careful reviews and thoughtful suggestions that substantially improved this manuscript. This work has been supported by NSF grant EAR-0538333 (to K.S.); by MOST grants 102-2116-M-002-016 and 103-2119-M-002-022 and NTU grant 101R7625 (to C.C.S.); by NRF Fellowship NRF-NRFF2010-064 (to E.M.H.); by LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Science) and RUTI (International Joint Research Program of the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology); by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; and by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and the National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. This is Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution 66.Full-resolution coral slab x-ray mosaics for all of the slabs in this paper are available from the corresponding author. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Adi Rahman Putra, who gave his life in the pursuit of knowledge that might someday save the lives of others. NR 80 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 122 BP 258 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.003 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CN0IM UT WOS:000358097300018 ER PT J AU Seewald, JS Reeves, EP Bach, W Saccocia, PJ Craddock, PR Shanks, WC Sylva, SP Pichler, T Rosner, M Walsh, E AF Seewald, Jeffrey S. Reeves, Eoghan P. Bach, Wolfgang Saccocia, Peter J. Craddock, Paul R. Shanks, Wayne C., III Sylva, Sean P. Pichler, Thomas Rosner, Martin Walsh, Emily TI Submarine venting of magmatic volatiles in the Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BACK-ARC BASIN; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION PROCESSES; MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; RICH SEDIMENT ALTERATION; LAU SPREADING CENTER; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; BISMARCK SEA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AB The SuSu Knolls and DESMOS hydrothermal fields are located in the back-arc extensional transform zone of the Eastern Manus Basin. In 2006, highly acidic and Sigma SO4-rich vent fluids were collected at both sites and analyzed for the chemical and isotopic composition of major and trace species. Fluids exiting the seafloor have measured temperatures from 48 to 215 degrees C and are milky white in appearance due to precipitation of elemental S-0. Vent fluid concentrations of Na, K, and Mg are depleted by as much as 30% relative to seawater, but have the same relative abundance. In contrast, the fluids are highly enriched in dissolved Sigma CO2, Cl, SiO2(aq), Fe, and Al relative to seawater. Measured pH (25 degrees C) ranged from 0.95 to 1.87 and aqueous Sigma SO4 ranged from 35 to 135 mmol/kg. The chemical and isotopic composition points to formation via subsurface mixing of seawater with a Na-, K-, Mg-, and Ca-free, volatile-rich magmatic fluid exsolved from subsurface magma bodies during a process analogous to subaerial fumarole discharge. Estimates of the magmatic end-member composition indicate a fluid phase where H2O > SO2 > CO2 approximate to Cl > F. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of H2O and carbon isotopic composition of Sigma CO2 in the vent fluids strongly suggest a contribution of slab-derived H2O and CO2 to melts generated in the mantle beneath the Eastern Manus volcanic zone. Abundant magmatically-derived SO2 undergoes disproportionation during cooling in upflow zones and contributes abundant acidity, SO42-, and S-0 to the venting fluids. Interaction of these highly acidic fluids with highly altered mineral assemblages in the upflow zone are responsible for extensive aqueous mobilization of SiO2(aq), Fe, and Al. Temporal variability in the speciation and abundance of aqueous S species between 1995 and 2006 at the DESMOS vent field suggests an increase in the relative abundance of SO2 in the magmatic end-member that has mixed with seawater in the subsurface. Results of this study constrain processes responsible for the formation of hot-spring fluids in magmatically active back-arc environments and the resulting chemical exchange between the lithosphere and water column. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Seewald, Jeffrey S.; Reeves, Eoghan P.; Craddock, Paul R.; Sylva, Sean P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Reeves, Eoghan P.; Bach, Wolfgang; Pichler, Thomas] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Reeves, Eoghan P.; Bach, Wolfgang; Pichler, Thomas] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Saccocia, Peter J.; Walsh, Emily] Bridgewater State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bridgewater, MA 02325 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rosner, Martin] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. RP Seewald, JS (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, MS 4, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jseewald@whoi.edu RI Reeves, Eoghan/M-3542-2013; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017 OI Reeves, Eoghan/0000-0003-0146-0714; Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142 FU NSF [OCE-0327448]; WHOI Deep Ocean Exploration Institute Graduate Fellowship; Ocean Drilling Program Schlanger Fellowship; Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg FX We thank the Jason group and the crew of the RV Melville for their expertise, assistance, and dedication that contributed to a very successful field program. The authors thank Dr. Matthew Leybourne and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that improved the paper. This study received financial support from NSF Grant OCE-0327448, the WHOI Deep Ocean Exploration Institute Graduate Fellowship to E.P. Reeves, the Ocean Drilling Program Schlanger Fellowship to P.R. Craddock and a fellowship from the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg to J.S. Seewald. NR 127 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 163 BP 178 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.023 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK0WT UT WOS:000355926900011 ER PT J AU Kassotis, CD Alvarez, DA Taylor, JA vom Saal, FS Nagel, SC Tillitt, DE AF Kassotis, Christopher D. Alvarez, David A. Taylor, Julia A. vom Saal, Frederick S. Nagel, Susan C. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Characterization of Missouri surface waters near point sources of pollution reveals potential novel atmospheric route of exposure for bisphenol A and wastewater hormonal activity pattern SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bisphenol A; Water quality; Atmospheric release; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Hormonal activity; Ethinylestradiol ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC PERSISTENT POLLUTANTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT WORKS; REPORTER GENE ASSAY; IN-VITRO BIOASSAYS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; STEROID ESTROGENS AB Surface water contamination by chemical pollutants increasingly threatens water quality around the world. Among the many contaminants found in surface water, there is growing concern regarding endocrine disrupting chemicals, based on their ability to interfere with some aspect of hormone action in exposed organisms, including humans. This study assessed water quality at several sites across Missouri (near wastewater treatment plants and airborne release sites of bisphenol A) based on hormone receptor activation potencies and chemical concentrations present in the surface water. We hypothesized that bisphenol A and ethinylestradiol would be greater in water near permitted airborne release sites and wastewater treatment plant inputs, respectively, and that these two compounds would be responsible for the majority of activities in receptor-based assays conducted with water collected near these sites. Concentrations of bisphenol A and ethinylestradiol were compared to observed receptor activities using authentic standards to assess contribution to total activities, and quantitation of a comprehensive set of wastewater compounds was performed to better characterize each site. Bisphenol A concentrations were found to be elevated in surface water near permitted airborne release sites, raising questions that airborne releases of BPA may influence nearby surface water contamination and may represent a previously underestimated source to the environment and potential for human exposure. Estrogen and androgen receptor activities of surface water samples were predictive of wastewater input, although the lower sensitivity of the ethinylestradiol ELISA relative to the very high sensitivity of the bioassay approaches did not allow a direct comparison. Wastewater-influenced sites also had elevated anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic equivalence, while sites without wastewater discharges exhibited no antagonist activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kassotis, Christopher D.; Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kassotis, Christopher D.; Taylor, Julia A.; vom Saal, Frederick S.; Nagel, Susan C.; Tillitt, Donald E.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Alvarez, David A.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Biochem & Physiol, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov OI Nagel, Susan C./0000-0003-4703-7604 FU University of Missouri; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminants Biology Program (Environmental Health Mission Area); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [FP-91747101] FX Many thanks to Steve Huebotter for the tour of the city of Columbia WWTP and the invaluable information he provided. Also thanks to Rick Stephan for information on O'Fallon wastewater treatment and discharge into Peruque Creek, and Bruce Hinkston for information on Springfield wastewater treatment and discharge to the James River. Thanks also to James L. Zajicek, Rachel Claunch, and Vanessa Velez of the CERC for technical support. Many thanks to Donald P. McDonnell for the generous gift of the following plasmids: 3XERETKLuc and CMV-beta-Gal, to Dennis Lubahn for CMV-AR1, and to Dennis Lubahn, Elizabeth Wilson, and Michael Carey for PSA-Enh E4TATA-luc. The authors thank Edward Little and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this paper. This project was supported by the University of Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminants Biology Program (Environmental Health Mission Area), and STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91747101 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to CDK. The views expressed are those of the authors and of the US Geological Survey; however, they are not the views of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 524 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8GZ UT WOS:000355010400039 PM 25917777 ER PT J AU Sinsabaugh, RL Belnap, J Rudgers, J Kuske, CR Martinez, N Sandquist, D AF Sinsabaugh, Robert L. Belnap, Jayne Rudgers, Jennifer Kuske, Cheryl R. Martinez, Noelle Sandquist, Darren TI Soil microbial responses to nitrogen addition in arid ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid ecosystems; nitrogen deposition; microbial biomass; ecoenzyme activity; meta-analysis ID SEMIARID MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS; GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION; GRASSLAND; CARBON; STOICHIOMETRY AB The N cycle of arid ecosystems is influenced by low soil organic matter, high soil pH, and extremes in water potential and temperature that lead to open canopies and development of biological soil crusts (biocrusts). We investigated the effects of N amendment on soil microbial dynamics in a Larrea tridentata-Ambrosia dumosa shrubland site in southern Nevada USA. Sites were fertilized with a NO3-NH4 mix at 0, 7, and 15 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) from March 2012 to March 2013. In March 2013, biocrust (0-0.5 cm) and bulk soils (0-10 cm) were collected beneath Ambrosia canopies and in the interspaces between plants. Biomass responses were assessed as bacterial and fungal SSU rRNA gene copy number and chlorophyll a concentration. Metabolic responses were measured by five ecoenzyme activities and rates of N transformation. By most measures, nutrient availability, microbial biomass, and process rates were greater in soils beneath the shrub canopy compared to the interspace between plants, and greater in the surface biocrust horizon compared to the deeper 10 cm soil profile. Most measures responded positively to experimental N addition. Effect sizes were generally greater for bulk soil than biocrust. Results were incorporated into a meta-analysis of arid ecosystem responses to N amendment that included data from 14 other studies. Effect sizes were calculated for biomass and metabolic responses. Regressions of effect sizes, calculated for biomass, and metabolic responses, showed similar trends in relation to N application rate and N load (rate x duration). The critical points separating positive from negative treatment effects were 88 kg ha(-1) y(-1) and 159 kg ha(-1), respectively, for biomass, and 70 kg ha(-1) y(-1) and 114 kg ha(-1), respectively, for metabolism. These critical values are comparable to those for microbial biomass, decomposition rates and respiration reported in broader meta-analyses of N amendment effects in mesic ecosystems. However, large effect sizes at low N addition rates indicate that arid ecosystems are sensitive to modest increments in anthropogenic N deposition. C1 [Sinsabaugh, Robert L.; Rudgers, Jennifer; Martinez, Noelle] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Kuske, Cheryl R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sandquist, Darren] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Sandquist, D (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dsandquist@fullerton.edu FU Lake Mead National Recreation Area; USGS Ecosystems and Climate Change and Land Use programs; Science Focus Area grant by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Division FX This research was generously supported by Lake Mead National Recreation Area. JB also acknowledges the support of USGS Ecosystems and Climate Change and Land Use programs. CK, RS, JR were supported by a Science Focus Area grant to Los Alamos National Laboratory by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Division. The authors thank La Verne Gallegos-Graves, Aaron Cohodas, and Travis Reilly for excellent technical support. Many thanks to Erika Geiger, Hilda Smith, and other USGS technicians involved in data collection and analysis. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 43 U2 141 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD AUG 14 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 819 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00819 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CP6TP UT WOS:000360021400001 PM 26322030 ER PT J AU Van Noten, K Lecocq, T Shah, AK Camelbeeck, T AF Van Noten, Koen Lecocq, Thomas Shah, Anjana K. Camelbeeck, Thierry TI Seismotectonic significance of the 2008-2010 Walloon Brabant seismic swarm in the Brabant Massif, Belgium SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Earthquake sequence; Intraplate seismicity; Relocation; Cross-correlation; Aeromagnetic matched filtering; Asquempont detachment fault ID NORTHERN RHINE AREA; EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; DEFORMATION BELT; CENTRAL-EUROPE; STRESS-FIELD; FAULT; PATTERNS; REACTIVATION; LITHOSPHERE; ANOMALIES AB Between 12 July 2008 and 18 January 2010 a seismic swarm occurred close to the town of Court-Saint-Etienne, 20 km SE of Brussels (Belgium). The Belgian network and a temporary seismic network covering the epicentral area established a seismic catalogue in which magnitude varies between M-L -0.7 and M-L 32. Based on waveform cross-correlation of co-located earthquakes, the spatial distribution of the hypocentre locations was improved considerably and shows a dense cluster displaying a 200 m-wide, 1.5-km long, NW-SE oriented fault structure at a depth range between 5 and 7 km, located in the Cambrian basement rocks of the Lower Palaeozoic Anglo-Brabant Massif. Waveform comparison of the largest events of the 2008-2010 swarm with an M-L 4.0 event that occurred during swarm activity between 1953 and 1957 in the same region shows similar P- and S-wave arrivals at the Belgian Uccle seismic station. The geometry depicted by the hypocentral distribution is consistent with a nearly vertical, left-lateral strike-slip fault taking place in a current local WNW-ESE oriented local maximum horizontal stress field. To determine a relevant tectonic structure, a systematic matched filtering approach of aeromagnetic data, which can approximately locate isolated anomalies associated with hypocentral depths, has been applied. Matched filtering shows that the 2008-2010 seismic swarm occurred along a limited-sized fault which is situated in slaty, low-magnetic rocks of the Mousty Formation. The fault is bordered at both ends with obliquely oriented magnetic gradients. Whereas the NW end of the fault is structurally controlled, its SE end is controlled by a magnetic gradient representing an early-orogenic detachment fault separating the low-magnetic slaty Mousty Formation from the high-magnetic Tubize Formation. The seismic swarm is therefore interpreted as a sinistral reactivation of an inherited NW-SE oriented isolated fault in a weakened crust within the Cambrian core of the Brabant Massif. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Noten, Koen; Lecocq, Thomas; Camelbeeck, Thierry] Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Gravimetry, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Shah, Anjana K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Van Noten, K (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Gravimetry, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM koen.vannoten@seismology.be; thomas.lecocq@seismology.be; ashah@usgs.gov; thierry.camelbeeck@oma.be OI Van Noten, Koen /0000-0001-8933-4426; Lecocq, Thomas/0000-0002-4988-6477 FU BELSPO [MO-33-028]; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [F6/15-MCF/OL]; Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO); FRIA [FC76908] FX The authors would like to acknowledge B. Lamarche (OTT), G. Wyseur (OT1), M. Gosuin (OT2), M. Piaser (OT3), K. de Wit (OT4), J.-P. Deckens (OT5) and P. Paquet (GRZ) for housing the temporary seismic stations. G. Rapagnani, F. Colin, L. Vandercoilden and B. Bukasa are thanked for station maintenance during the seismic swarm. H. Martin is thanked for the focal mechanism calculation in the DP console available at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. We are grateful to F. Waldhauser for the HypoDD2+ beta version and to L. Krischer (HypoDDpy), K. Vanneste and B. Vleminckx for their help with python script development. We very much appreciate the fruitful discussions with T.N. Debacker, A. Herbosch, M. Sintubin, K. Verbeeck and J. Phillips on the aeromagnetics of the Brabant Massif. Constructive remarks of V.E. Langenheim, N. Woodcock, an anonymous reviewer, M. Van Camp and editor K. Wang greatly helped to improve the manuscript. The DEM model in Figs. 3 and 7 is published with authorisation A3134 of the Nationaal Geografisch Instituut The aeromagnetic raw data in the online supplementary data are released after approval of the Belgian Geological Survey. This research was funded by BELSPO (project MO-33-028) and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under grant F6/15-MCF/OL. K. Van Noten additionally benefited from a travel funding of the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO) to attend AGU2013. Relocation tools were developed during the FRIA scholarship FC76908 of T. Lecocq. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 656 BP 20 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.05.026 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS5SV UT WOS:000362139400002 ER PT J AU Soranno, PA Cheruvelil, KS Wagner, T Webster, KE Bremigan, MT AF Soranno, Patricia A. Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence Wagner, Tyler Webster, Katherine E. Bremigan, Mary Tate TI Effects of Land Use on Lake Nutrients: The Importance of Scale, Hydrologic Connectivity, and Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER-QUALITY; CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS; LANDSCAPE POSITION; MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; SPATIAL SCALE; BOREAL LAKES; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MODEL AB Catchment land uses, particularly agriculture and urban uses, have long been recognized as major drivers of nutrient concentrations in surface waters. However, few simple models have been developed that relate the amount of catchment land use to downstream freshwater nutrients. Nor are existing models applicable to large numbers of freshwaters across broad spatial extents such as regions or continents. This research aims to increase model performance by exploring three factors that affect the relationship between land use and downstream nutrients in freshwater: the spatial extent for measuring land use, hydrologic connectivity, and the regional differences in both the amount of nutrients and effects of land use on them. We quantified the effects of these three factors that relate land use to lake total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in 346 north temperate lakes in 7 regions in Michigan, USA. We used a linear mixed modeling framework to examine the importance of spatial extent, lake hydrologic class, and region on models with individual lake nutrients as the response variable, and individual land use types as the predictor variables. Our modeling approach was chosen to avoid problems of multi-collinearity among predictor variables and a lack of independence of lakes within regions, both of which are common problems in broad-scale analyses of freshwaters. We found that all three factors influence land use-lake nutrient relationships. The strongest evidence was for the effect of lake hydrologic connectivity, followed by region, and finally, the spatial extent of land use measurements. Incorporating these three factors into relatively simple models of land use effects on lake nutrients should help to improve predictions and understanding of land use-lake nutrient interactions at broad scales. C1 [Soranno, Patricia A.; Bremigan, Mary Tate] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Zool, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Soranno, PA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM soranno@anr.msu.edu OI Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146; Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [176820]; EPA-Office; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality grant; Michigan Department of Natural Resources - Fisheries Division grant FX This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 176820 of PAS; an EPA-Office PAS, KEW, KSC, MTB; a Michigan Department of Environmental Quality grant to R. J. Stevenson and PAS; and a Michigan Department of Natural Resources - Fisheries Division grant to PAS, MTB, K. Wehrly and J. Breck. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 12 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0135454 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0135454 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO9JT UT WOS:000359492300118 PM 26267813 ER PT J AU Tack, JD Fedy, BC AF Tack, Jason D. Fedy, Bradley C. TI Landscapes for Energy and Wildlife: Conservation Prioritization for Golden Eagles across Large Spatial Scales SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; WIND ENERGY; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; AQUILA-CHRYSAETOS; UNITED-STATES; AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; SCOTLAND AB Proactive conservation planning for species requires the identification of important spatial attributes across ecologically relevant scales in a model-based framework. However, it is often difficult to develop predictive models, as the explanatory data required for model development across regional management scales is rarely available. Golden eagles are a large-ranging predator of conservation concern in the United States that may be negatively affected by wind energy development. Thus, identifying landscapes least likely to pose conflict between eagles and wind development via shared space prior to development will be critical for conserving populations in the face of imposing development. We used publically available data on golden eagle nests to generate predictive models of golden eagle nesting sites in Wyoming, USA, using a suite of environmental and anthropogenic variables. By overlaying predictive models of golden eagle nesting habitat with wind energy resource maps, we highlight areas of potential conflict among eagle nesting habitat and wind development. However, our results suggest that wind potential and the relative probability of golden eagle nesting are not necessarily spatially correlated. Indeed, the majority of our sample frame includes areas with disparate predictions between suitable nesting habitat and potential for developing wind energy resources. Map predictions cannot replace on-the-ground monitoring for potential risk of wind turbines on wildlife populations, though they provide industry and managers a useful framework to first assess potential development. C1 [Tack, Jason D.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tack, Jason D.; Fedy, Bradley C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Tack, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jason.Tack@colostate.edu OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The authors are grateful to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for providing funding for this research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 49 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 11 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0134781 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134781 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO7PP UT WOS:000359353300041 PM 26262876 ER PT J AU Watling, JI Brandt, LA Bucklin, DN Fujisaki, I Mazzotti, FJ Romanach, SS Speroterr, C AF Watling, James I. Brandt, Laura A. Bucklin, David N. Fujisaki, Ikuko Mazzotti, Frank J. Romanach, Stephanie S. Speroterr, Carolina TI Performance metrics and variance partitioning reveal sources of uncertainty in species distribution models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate envelope; Niche model; Sensitivity analysis; Spatial analysis ID PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; GLOBAL LAND AREAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREDICTION ERRORS; UNITED-STATES; RESOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; FORECASTS; VARIABLES; CONSENSUS AB Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in basic and applied ecology, making it important to understand sources and magnitudes of uncertainty in SDM performance and predictions. We analyzed SDM performance and partitioned variance among prediction maps for 15 rare vertebrate species in the southeastern USA using all possible combinations of seven potential sources of uncertainty in SDMs: algorithms, climate datasets, model domain, species presences, variable collinearity, CO2 emissions scenarios, and general circulation models. The choice of modeling algorithm was the greatest source of uncertainty in SDM performance and prediction maps, with some additional variation in performance associated with the comprehensiveness of the species presences used for modeling. Other sources of uncertainty that have received attention in the SDM literature such as variable collinearity and model domain contributed little to differences in SDM performance or predictions in this study. Predictions from different algorithms tended to be more variable at northern range margins for species with more northern distributions, which may complicate conservation planning at the leading edge of species' geographic ranges. The clear message emerging from this work is that researchers should use multiple algorithms for modeling rather than relying on predictions from a single algorithm, invest resources in compiling a comprehensive set of species presences, and explicitly evaluate uncertainty in SDM predictions at leading range margins. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Watling, James I.; Bucklin, David N.; Fujisaki, Ikuko; Mazzotti, Frank J.; Speroterr, Carolina] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Watling, JI (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. EM watlingj@jcu.edu OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, and USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science. The views in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 309 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.03.017 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL8NK UT WOS:000357231200005 ER PT J AU Vincenzi, S Hatch, S Merkling, T Kitaysky, AS AF Vincenzi, Simone Hatch, Scott Merkling, Thomas Kitaysky, Alexander S. TI Carry-over effects of food supplementation on recruitment and breeding performance of long-lived seabirds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE individual quality; supplemental feeding; long-lived animals; viability selection ID KITTIWAKES RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; GROWTH; AVAILABILITY; SURVIVAL; FITNESS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY; METAANALYSIS AB Supplementation of food to wild animals is extensively applied as a conservation tool to increase local production of young. However, in long-lived migratory animals, the carry-over effects of food supplementation early in life on the subsequent recruitment of individuals into natal populations and their lifetime reproductive success are largely unknown. We examine how experimental food supplementation early in life affects: (i) recruitment as breeders of kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla born in a colony on Middleton Island (Alaska) between 1996 and 2006 (n = 1629) that bred in the same colony through 2013 (n = 235); and (ii) breeding success of individuals that have completed their life cyde at the colony (n = 56). Birds were raised in nests that were either supplemented with food (Fed) or unsupplemented (Unfed). Fledging success was higher in Fed compared with Unfed nests. After accounting for hatching rank, growth and oceanic conditions at fledging, Fed fledglings had a lower probability of recruiting as breeders in the Middleton colony than Unfed birds. The per-nest contribution of breeders was still significantly higher for Fed nests because of their higher productivity. Lifetime reproductive success of a subset of kittiwakes that thus far had completed their life cycle was not affected by the food supplementation during development. Our results cast light on the carry-over effects of early food conditions on the vital rates of long-lived animals and support food supplementation as an effective conservation strategy for long-lived seabirds. C1 [Vincenzi, Simone] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Vincenzi, Simone] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Vincenzi, Simone; Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hatch, Scott] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hatch, Scott] Inst Seabird Res & Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. [Merkling, Thomas] ENFA, CNRS, UPS, EDB Lab Evolut & Div Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Merkling, Thomas] Univ Toulouse, UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com FU North Pacific Research Board [320]; North Pacific Research Board (BEST-BSIERP) [B74, B67, B77]; IOF Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-IOF; Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR); MC Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-IOF; Institute of Arctic Biology at UAF FX Fieldwork and modelling were supported by the US Geological Survey and North Pacific Research Board (Project no. 320, BEST-BSIERP Projects B74, B67 and B77). S.V. is supported by an IOF Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF for the project 'RAPIDEVO' on rapid evolutionary responses to climate change in natural populations, and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR). The MC Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF and the Institute of Arctic Biology at UAF provided funds to cover the publication costs. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 7 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 1812 BP 191 EP 198 AR 20150762 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.0762 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CS7ZM UT WOS:000362305500023 PM 26180065 ER PT J AU Paredes, R Orben, RA Roby, DD Irons, DB Young, R Renner, H Tremblay, Y Will, A Harding, AMA Kitaysky, AS AF Paredes, Rosana Orben, Rachael A. Roby, Daniel D. Irons, David B. Young, Rebecca Renner, Heather Tremblay, Yann Will, Alexis Harding, Ann M. A. Kitaysky, Alexander S. TI Foraging ecology during nesting influences body size in a pursuit-diving seabird SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Body size; Foraging; Diving; Marine habitats; Stress levels; Bering Sea; Murres; Seabirds ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; THICK-BILLED MURRES; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; SWALLOWS HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; POPULATION PROCESSES AB Causes and consequences of differences in seabird foraging strategies between breeding colonies are not well understood. We tested whether body size of a pursuit-diving seabird, the thick-billed murre Uria lomvia, differs between breeding colonies and, if so, how size differences can be understood in the context of differences in foraging behavior, habitat use, and breeding performance. We measured adult murres over 3 seasons (2008 to 2010) at 2 of the Pribilof Islands, St. Paul and St. George, located on the continental shelf of the Bering Sea at different distances from the shelf break. Body mass and size were positively associated with deep diving and negatively associated with long flights, suggesting morphology influences foraging and commuting efficiency. Murres from St. Paul (farther from the shelf break) were larger than those from St. George (nearer the shelf break), foraged exclusively in the middle shelf domain, made deep dives during daylight, and fed on larger benthic prey. In contrast, smaller murres from St. George commuted greater distances to beyond the shelf break, made shallow dives at night, and fed on smaller, high-energy, schooling, vertical-migrating prey. Both foraging strategies resulted in similar chick-feeding rates and fledging success. The largest and the smallest murres experienced less stress during breeding compared to intermediate-sized murres, suggesting divergent selection for body size between islands. Nesting murres, as central-place foragers, may experience strong selection pressure on body size and other adaptive traits that reflect differences between breeding colonies in foraging ecology and the acquisition of resources for reproduction. C1 [Paredes, Rosana] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Young, Rebecca; Will, Alexis; Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Renner, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Tremblay, Yann] IRD, Marine Biodivers Exploitat & Conservat, MARBEC UMR248, F-34203 Sete, France. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Environm Sci Dept, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Paredes, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rparedes.insley@gmail.com OI Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board; National Science Foundation; NPRB BSIERP project B63; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; St. George Island Institute; Traditional Tribal Council of St. George Island; Aleut Community of St. Paul Island; Northern Forum; NPRB BSIERP project B77; NPRB BSIERP project B65 FX The collaborative study was part of the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem program funded by the North Pacific Research Board and the National Science Foundation. We are grateful for the enthusiastic assistance and excellent work of crew members on St. George: Brie Drummond, Dean Kildaw, Rob Massangale, Nathan Banfield, Caroline Poli, Vijay Patil, Rolanda Steenweg, Donald Lyons, Ram Papish, Chris Barger, and Rob Marshall; and on St. Paul: John Warzybok, Ine Dorreteijn, Dan Cushing, Kerrith McKay, Ana Santos, and Tom Harten. We thank Zhenya Kitaiskaia for conducting hormonal assays and Kathy Turco for expert diet analyses. We thank Karin Holser (St. George Island Institute), Sally and Chris Merculief (Traditional Tribal Council of St. George Island), Phil Zavadil and Debbie Lestenkof (Aleut Community of St. Paul Island) and Priscilla Wohl and Arina Purcella (Northern Forum) for logistical and financial assistance. Thanks to Karen Brenneman and Michelle St. Peters (USFWS-Anchorage) for invaluable expeditor assistance. The study was funded by NPRB BSIERP project B63 and B77 to D.B.I. and D.D.R., project B65 to H.R., project B77 to A. S.K., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The publication is contribution No. 167 of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project and No. 549 of the North Pacific Research Board. All research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Care and Use Committees of the respective institutions of the authors responsible for those data, and complied with all applicable laws. Seabird cliffs on the Pribilof Islands are part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. Seabirds were studied in a collaborative effort with refuge staff (permit 20570), following the U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals under the supervision of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (permit 200908). The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 533 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.3354/meps11388 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CO7ZE UT WOS:000359382300019 ER PT J AU Flanders, NP Gardner, B Winiarski, KJ Paton, PWC Allison, T O'Connell, AF AF Flanders, Nicholas P. Gardner, Beth Winiarski, Kristopher J. Paton, Peter W. C. Allison, Taber O'Connell, Allan F. TI Key seabird areas in southern New England identified using a community occupancy model SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Aerial strip-transect survey; Community occupancy model; Imperfect detection; Seabird habitat relationships; Species distribution models ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SPECIES RICHNESS; IMPERFECT DETECTION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; HABITAT SELECTION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; POINT COUNTS; BIRDS; CONSERVATION AB Seabirds are of conservation concern, and as new potential risks to seabirds are arising, the need to provide unbiased estimates of species' distributions is growing. We applied community occupancy models to detection/non-detection data collected from repeated aerial strip-transect surveys conducted in 2 large study plots off southern New England, USA; one off the coast of Rhode Island and the other in Nantucket Sound. A total of 17 seabird species were observed at least once in each study plot. We found that detection varied by survey date and effort for most species and the average detection probability across species was less than 0.4. We estimated the influence of water depth, sea surface temperature, and sea surface chl a concentration on species-specific occupancy. Diving species showed large differences between the 2 study plots in their predicted winter distributions, which were largely explained by water depth acting as a stronger predictor of occupancy in Rhode Island than in Nantucket Sound. Conversely, similarities between the 2 study plots in predicted winter distributions of surface-feeding species were explained by sea surface temperature or chlorophyll a concentration acting as predictors of these species' occupancy in both study plots. We predicted the number of species at each site using the observed data in order to detect 'hot-spots' of seabird diversity and use in the 2 study plots. These results provide new information on detection of species, areas of use, and relationships with environmental variables that will be valuable for biologists and planners interested in seabird conservation in the region. C1 [Flanders, Nicholas P.; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Flanders, Nicholas P.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Winiarski, Kristopher J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Paton, Peter W. C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Allison, Taber] Mass Audubon, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Flanders, NP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nflan005@odu.edu FU State of Rhode Island for the Ocean Special Area Management Plan; Island Foundation; Mass Technology Collaborative; Sea Duck Joint Venture; Foundation M; Massachusetts Environmental Trust; Mass Audubon; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Intra-agency Agreement [M11PG00059]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Brian Harris, Carol L. Trocki, and John Veale for help with collecting survey data in the Rhode Island study plot; and George Breen for piloting the Cessna Skymaster. Rhode Island study plot surveys were supported by grants from the State of Rhode Island for the Ocean Special Area Management Plan. We also thank Simon Perkins, Liz Brousseau, Ellen Jedrey, Andrea Jones, and Giancarlo Sadoti for help with the design and collection of survey data in the Nantucket Sound study plot and the late Jon Ambroult and Ambroult Aviation for their skill and dedication in flying the planes in Nantucket Sound. The Island Foundation, the Mass Technology Collaborative, Sea Duck Joint Venture, Foundation M, Massachusetts Environmental Trust, and Mass Audubon all contributed financial support for the aerial surveys in Nantucket Sound and we thank these groups. We thank Giancarlo Sadoti, Mark Wimer, and Allison Sussman for their data management support. We thank Christopher Moorman, Brian Reich, and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on this work. This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Intra-agency Agreement M11PG00059 with the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 533 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.3354/meps11316 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CO7ZE UT WOS:000359382300020 ER PT J AU Yandow, LH Chalfoun, AD Doak, DF AF Yandow, Leah H. Chalfoun, Anna D. Doak, Daniel F. TI Climate Tolerances and Habitat Requirements Jointly Shape the Elevational Distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with Implications for Climate Change Effects SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HARE POPULATION-DENSITY; ALPINE TUNDRA; RANGE SHIFTS; GREAT-BASIN; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEMS; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; USA AB Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other limiting factors. Understanding limiting factors for a species within different contexts, therefore, is critical for predicting responses to climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an ideal species for investigating distributions in relation to climate because of their unusual and well-understood natural history as well as observed shifts to higher elevation in parts of their range. We tested three hypotheses for the climatic or habitat characteristics that may limit pika presence and abundance: summer heat, winter snowpack, and forage availability. We performed these tests using an index of pika abundance gathered in a region where environmental influences on pika distribution have not been well-characterized. We estimated relative pika abundance via scat surveys and quantified climatic and habitat characteristics across two North-Central Rocky Mountain Ranges, the Wind River and Bighorn ranges in Wyoming, USA. Pika scat density was highest at mid-elevations and increased linearly with forage availability in both ranges. Scat density also increased with temperatures conducive to forage plant growth, and showed a unimodal relationship with the number of days below -5 degrees C, which is modulated by insulating snowpack. Our results provide support for both the forage availability and winter snowpack hypotheses. Especially in montane systems, considering the context-dependent nature of climate effects across regions and elevations as well as interactions between climatic and other critical habitat characteristics, will be essential for predicting future species distributions. C1 [Yandow, Leah H.; Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Yandow, Leah H.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yandow, LH (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lyandow@gmail.com FU Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition; CU Boulder; American Society of Mammalogists FX This work was funded by the following: Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition (two years of funding) to ADC (http://www.wyomingwildlifefoundation.org/), Doak Startup from CU Boulder to DFD (http://www.colorado.edu/envs/people/dan-doak), and American Society of Mammalogists Grants In Aid to LHY (http://www.mammalsociety.org/grants). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 87 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR e0131082 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0131082 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO3MH UT WOS:000359061400008 PM 26244851 ER PT J AU Chiou, CT Cheng, JZ Hung, WN Chen, BL Lin, TF AF Chiou, Cary T. Cheng, Jianzhong Hung, Wei-Nung Chen, Baoliang Lin, Tsair-Fun TI Resolution of Adsorption and Partition Components of Organic Compounds on Black Carbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER EQUILIBRIA; ACTIVATED CARBON; PHENANTHRENE SORPTION; DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS; PRIORITY POLLUTANTS; HUMIC-ACID; CONTAMINANTS; MATTER; SOOT; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Black carbons (BCs) may sequester non-ionic organic compounds by adsorption and/or partition to varying extents. Up to now, no experimental method has been developed to accurately resolve the combined adsorption and partition capacity of a compound on a BC. In this study, a unique "adsorptive displacement method" is introduced to reliably resolve the adsorption and partition components for a solute BC system. It estimates the solute adsorption on a BC by the use of an adsorptive displacer to displace the adsorbed target solute into the solution phase. The method is validated by tests with uses of activated carbon as the model carbonaceous adsorbent, soil organic matter as the model carbonaceous partition phase, o-xylene and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene as the reference solutes, and p-nitrophenol as the adsorptive displacer. Thereafter, the adsorption partition resolution was completed for the two solutes on selected model BCs: four biochars and two National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard soots (SRM-2975 and SRM-1650b). The adsorption and partition components resolved for selected solutes with given BCs and their dependences upon solute properties enable one to cross-check the sorption data of other solutes on the same BCs. The resolved components also provide a theoretical basis for exploring the potential modes and extents of different solute uptakes by given BCs in natural systems. C1 [Chiou, Cary T.; Lin, Tsair-Fun] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70701, Taiwan. [Chiou, Cary T.; Lin, Tsair-Fun] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Sustainable Environm Res Ctr, Tainan 70701, Taiwan. [Chiou, Cary T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cheng, Jianzhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Hung, Wei-Nung] Ind Technol Res Inst, Green Energy & Environm Res Labs, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan. [Chen, Baoliang] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Chiou, CT (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70701, Taiwan. EM carychio@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/C-4056-2008 OI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/0000-0002-2439-9090 FU National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan [D104-33B03]; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Fund in China [SKLEG2014904]; Industrial Technology Research Institute Project in Taiwan [DF55RN8000] FX This work is supported by a research project (D104-33B03) from the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan, the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Fund (SKLEG2014904) in China, and the Industrial Technology Research Institute Project (DF55RN8000) in Taiwan. The authors thank Chin-Fang Tsai and Yu-Lun Kuo at the National Cheng Kung University for technical assistance. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 23 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 15 BP 9116 EP 9123 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b01292 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO6PK UT WOS:000359278400023 PM 26114972 ER PT J AU Betancourt, JL AF Betancourt, Julio L. TI Energy flow and the "grassification" of desert shrublands SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; COMMUNITY; FIRE; ANTHROPOCENE; QUATERNARY; RESPONSES; INVASION C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20194 USA. RP Betancourt, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20194 USA. EM jlbetanc@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 31 BP 9504 EP 9505 DI 10.1073/pnas.1512078112 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO1QQ UT WOS:000358930600034 PM 26216944 ER PT J AU Sokolow, SH Huttinger, E Jouanard, N Hsieh, MH Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM Riveau, G Senghor, S Thiam, C N'Diaye, A Faye, DS De Leo, GA AF Sokolow, Susanne H. Huttinger, Elizabeth Jouanard, Nicolas Hsieh, Michael H. Lafferty, Kevin D. Kuris, Armand M. Riveau, Gilles Senghor, Simon Thiam, Cheikh N'Diaye, Alassane Faye, Djibril Sarr De Leo, Giulio A. TI Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE disease; ecology; control; elimination; neglected tropical disease ID MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; MACROBRACHIUM SPP.; SENEGAL; BASIN; PRAZIQUANTEL; INFECTION; MANSONI; CONSTRUCTION; ELIMINATION; DYNAMICS AB Eliminating human parasitic disease often requires interrupting complex transmission pathways. Even when drugs to treat people are available, disease control can be difficult if the parasite can persist in nonhuman hosts. Here, we show that restoration of a natural predator of a parasite's intermediate hosts may enhance drug-based schistosomiasis control. Our study site was the Senegal River Basin, where villagers suffered a massive outbreak and persistent epidemic after the 1986 completion of the Diama Dam. The dam blocked the annual migration of native river prawns (Macrobrachium vollenhoveni) that are voracious predators of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. We tested schistosomiasis control by reintroduced river prawns in a before-after-control-impact field experiment that tracked parasitism in snails and people at two matched villages after prawns were stocked at one village's river access point. The abundance of infected snails was 80% lower at that village, presumably because prawn predation reduced the abundance and average life span of latently infected snails. As expected from a reduction in infected snails, human schistosomiasis prevalence was 18 +/- 5% lower and egg burden was 50 +/- 8% lower at the prawn-stocking village compared with the control village. In a mathematical model of the system, stocking prawns, coupled with infrequent mass drug treatment, eliminates schistosomiasis from high-transmission sites. We conclude that restoring river prawns could be a novel contribution to controlling, or eliminating, schistosomiasis. C1 [Sokolow, Susanne H.; De Leo, Giulio A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sokolow, Susanne H.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sokolow, Susanne H.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Huttinger, Elizabeth; Jouanard, Nicolas; Thiam, Cheikh; N'Diaye, Alassane; Faye, Djibril Sarr] 20 20 Initiat, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. [Hsieh, Michael H.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. [Hsieh, Michael H.] Biomed Res Inst, Dept Res & Dev, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Hsieh, Michael H.] Childrens Natl Hlth Syst, Div Urol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Hsieh, Michael H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Riveau, Gilles] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Infect & Immun Lille, F-59019 Lille, France. [Riveau, Gilles; Senghor, Simon] Espoir Sante, Lab Recherches Biomed, St Louis, Senegal. RP Sokolow, SH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM shsokolow@gmail.com RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; De Leo, Giulio/0000-0002-4186-3369 FU NIH-K08 Grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease [PHS K08AI082284]; Woods Institute's Environmental Venture Projects at Stanford University; NSF CNH [1414102]; NIH [K08DK087895]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1024600]; Seaver Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Grand Challenges Canada's Grant [RS-0141-1] FX The authors thank Oumar Talla Diaw, Mouhamadane Mbacke Seye, Chelsea Wood, Ryan Hechinger, and Denis Massenet for helpful assistance. We acknowledge and thank the Senegalese villagers who participated in the study. Greg Galin assisted with figures and graphics. S.H.S. received support from NIH-K08 Grant PHS K08AI082284 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and a grant by the Woods Institute's Environmental Venture Projects at Stanford University. S.H.S. and A.M.K. received support from NSF CNH 1414102. M.H.H. received support from NIH K08DK087895. E.H., N.J., and G.R., as well as field activities, were supported through three seed grants: Grant OPP1024600 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; a three-year seed grant from The Seaver Institute, Los Angeles, CA; and Grand Challenges Canada's Grant RS-0141-1. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 31 BP 9650 EP 9655 DI 10.1073/pnas.1502651112 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO1QQ UT WOS:000358930600060 PM 26195752 ER PT J AU DeWeber, JT Wagner, T AF DeWeber, Jefferson T. Wagner, Tyler TI Translating Climate Change Effects into Everyday Language: An Example of More Driving and Less Angling SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPACT C1 [DeWeber, Jefferson T.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP DeWeber, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 413 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jtdeweber@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change, and Wildlife Science Center FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change, and Wildlife Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 8 BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CP4RP UT WOS:000359870500019 ER PT J AU Fend, SV Rodriguez, P Lenat, DR AF Fend, Steven V. Rodriguez, Pilar Lenat, David R. TI Uktena riparia n. gen., n. sp (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), a new spermatophore-producing oligochaete SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Oligochaeta; Lumbriculidae; new genus; taxonomy; spermatophores; genital chaetae; freshwater ID TUBIFICIDAE; HIRUDINEA; REVISION; LEECHES; FRANCE; USA AB Uktena riparia n. gen., n. sp. has been collected in hyporheic habitats at several sites in North Carolina, southeastern USA. The genus is defined by unusual characters related to reproductive structures, including the formation of encapsulated spermatophores for sperm transfer and large bundles of genital chaetae, both previously unknown in the Lumbriculidae. The simultaneous occurrence of both spermatophores and spermathecae is rare in the microdrile oligochaetes. Uktena spermatophores appear more similar to those reported in leeches than to those in other microdrile oligochaete families. Possible synapomorphies associating Uktena with the genera Kincaidiana and Guestphalinus include a filiform, ringed proboscis, a forward shift of reproductive organs relative to the usual position in the family, and spermathecae in the atrial segment. The new species adds to the already diverse, endemic lumbriculid fauna of the North Carolina Sandhills ecoregion. C1 [Fend, Steven V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rodriguez, Pilar] Univ Basque Country, Dept Zool & Anim Cell Biol, Fac Sci & Technol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Lenat, David R.] Lenat Consulting, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM svfend@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 3994 IS 3 BP 411 EP 424 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CO7SB UT WOS:000359361000005 PM 26250281 ER PT J AU Barnhart, EP McClure, MA Johnson, K Cleveland, S Hunt, KA Fields, MW AF Barnhart, Elliott P. McClure, Marcella A. Johnson, Kiki Cleveland, Sean Hunt, Kristopher A. Fields, Matthew W. TI Potential Role of Acetyl-CoA Synthetase (acs) and Malate Dehydrogenase (mae) in the Evolution of the Acetate Switch in Bacteria and Archaea SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN HOMOLOGY DETECTION; PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METHANOSARCINA-THERMOPHILA; COENZYME-A; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; METHANE; SEQUENCE; KINASE AB Although many Archaea have AMP-Acs (acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase) and ADP-Acs, the extant methanogenic genus Methanosarcina is the only identified Archaeal genus that can utilize acetate via acetate kinase (Ack) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta). Despite the importance of ack as the potential urkinase in the ASKHA phosphotransferase superfamily, an origin hypothesis does not exist for the acetate kinase in Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya. Here we demonstrate that Archaeal AMP-Acs and ADP-Acs contain paralogous ATPase motifs previously identified in Ack, which demonstrate a novel relation between these proteins in Archaea. The identification of ATPase motif conservation and resulting structural features in AMP- and ADP-acetyl-CoA synthetase proteins in this study expand the ASKHA superfamily to include acetyl-CoA synthetase. Additional phylogenetic analysis showed that Pta and MaeB sequences had a common ancestor, and that the Pta lineage within the halophilc archaea was an ancestral lineage. These results suggested that divergence of a duplicated maeB within an ancient halophilic, archaeal lineage formed a putative pta ancestor. These results provide a potential scenario for the establishment of the Ack/Pta pathway and provide novel insight into the evolution of acetate metabolism for all three domains of life. C1 [Barnhart, Elliott P.; McClure, Marcella A.; Johnson, Kiki; Cleveland, Sean; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.; Hunt, Kristopher A.; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. [Hunt, Kristopher A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Energy Res Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ENIGMA, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Fields, MW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM matthew.fields@biofilm.montana.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological & Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Program; DOE-ZERT Program [DE-FC26-04NT42262] FX This material by ENIGMA- Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies (http://enigma.lbl.gov), a Scientific Focus Area Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological & Environmental Research under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank many students from Dr. Marcie McClure's Molecular Evolution and Genomic Analysis Lab for their insightful comments and guidance as well as Hannah Schweitzer for helpful discussions. E.P.B. was also supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Program and the DOE-ZERT Program under grant No. DE-FC26-04NT42262. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 3 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12498 DI 10.1038/srep12498 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0PA UT WOS:000358853100001 PM 26235787 ER PT J AU Kolden, CA Abatzoglou, JT Lutz, JA Cansler, CA Kane, JT Van Wagtendonk, JW Key, CH AF Kolden, Crystal A. Abatzoglou, John T. Lutz, James A. Cansler, C. Alina Kane, Jonathan T. Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Key, Carl H. TI Climate Contributors to Forest Mosaics: Ecological Persistence Following Wildfire SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Northwest-Scientific-Association CY MAR 26-29, 2014 CL Missoula, MT DE wildfire; climate; refugia; persistence; succession ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; QUANTIFYING BURN SEVERITY; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; FIRE SEVERITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TREE MORTALITY AB It is hypothesized that climate impacts forest mosaics through dynamic ecological processes such as wildfires. However, climate-fire research has primarily focused on understanding drivers of fire frequency and area burned, largely due to scale mismatches and limited data availability. Recent datasets, however, allow for the investigation of climate influences on ecological patch metrics across broad regions independent of area burned and at finer scale. One area of particular interest is the distribution of fire refugia within wildfire perimeters. Although much recent research emphasis has been placed on high-severity patches within wildfires, unburned and low-severity patches provide critical remnant habitat and serve as seed sources to initiate colonization and succession in recently burned landscapes. These patches of persistence also may yield insights into approaches for developing fire-resilient landscapes by forest managers and communities seeking to reduce wildfire hazard. Here, we present results showing no decline in proportion of persistent patches in three study areas surrounding National Parks in the western United States, even as research and anecdotal information suggests that fires have become larger and more severe. We also show climate linkages to metrics of persistence that echo previous findings in climate-fire research, and we introduce a framework for addressing global change impacts on forest pattern more broadly. Specifically, we discuss the interactions of multiple drivers at landscape scales and the need to disaggregate relative influences using mixed methods that can address both social and ecological phenomenon. C1 [Kolden, Crystal A.; Abatzoglou, John T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cansler, C. Alina; Kane, Jonathan T.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Key, Carl H.] US Geol Survey, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Kolden, CA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 3021, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ckolden@uidaho.edu OI Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 FU US Geological Survey Global Change; USGS Northwest Climate Science Center [G14AP00177] FX This manuscript developed from a presentation given as part of the University of Montana Plum Creek Distinguished Lecture series; the authors are grateful for the opportunity to present and receive feedback on the ideas presented herein. Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey Global Change research program ('Climate change impacts on burn severity in three forest ecoregions of the US') and the USGS Northwest Climate Science Center through Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G14AP00177. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USGS. This manuscript was improved by valuable comments from two reviewers and the editor. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 IS 3 BP 219 EP 238 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ8QG UT WOS:000367363600003 ER PT J AU Jolley, JC Satter, MC Silver, GS Whitesel, TA AF Jolley, Jeffrey C. Satter, Michaela C. Silver, Gregory S. Whitesel, Timothy A. TI Evaluation of Methods to Measure Condition in Pacific Northwest Larval Lampreys SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pacific lamprey; western brook lamprey; lipid; body density; metamorphosis ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS L; SEA LAMPREY; BODY-COMPOSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK LAMPREY; METAMORPHOSIS; FISH; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; NONLETHAL AB Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) populations are declining and western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) status is unknown in the Pacific Northwest. Accurate measures of fish condition are a basic requirement to monitor health and status of fish populations. Fulton's condition factor has traditionally been used to assess condition of larval lamprey but alternative field-based and laboratory-based measures have not been assessed. We compared condition factor, body density, and lipid content of sympatric larval Pacific lamprey and western brook lamprey in 2010 and 2011 from two rivers of the Pacific Northwest. Condition factor was higher for Pacific lamprey than it was for western brook lamprey. All measures were variable and correlations among condition indices were weak. Body density and lipid content were higher in western brook lamprey in one year suggesting the possibility of increased energy requirements of metamorphosis to a nontrophic adult stage. The body density technique was onerous and likely has little field-based practicality. Body density and lipid content had a negative relationship as increased lipids leads to a more buoyant and less dense fish. Condition factor did not appear to be a good predictor of lipid content in our study and a suite of complex factors, including lipid dynamics prior to metamorphosis and nutritional resources, may underlie these results. This study provides one of the few empirical datasets on sympatric lampreys with different life history strategies. C1 [Jolley, Jeffrey C.; Satter, Michaela C.; Silver, Gregory S.; Whitesel, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Jolley, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jeffrey_jolley@fws.gov FU Western Division of the American Fisheries Society FX Equipment and space were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia River Fisheries Program Office (CRFPO) in Vancouver, WA. S. Lazzini assisted with larval and data collection. B. Davitt (Washington State University, Pullman) conducted partial lipid analyses and provided technical guidance. J. Anderson and S. Sylvester (Washington State University, Vancouver) provided use of a lyophilizer. The Western Division of the American Fisheries Society provided a research grant for lipid processing. S. Ranney and four anonymous reviewers provided useful review on earlier drafts. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 IS 3 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ8QG UT WOS:000367363600006 ER PT J AU Walrath, JD Quist, MC Firehammer, JA AF Walrath, John D. Quist, Michael C. Firehammer, Jon A. TI Population Structure and Dynamics of Northern Pike and Smallmouth Bass in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE northern pike; smallmouth bass; demographics; dynamics; size; growth ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; FRESH-WATER FISH; ESOX-LUCIUS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; GROWTH; MOVEMENTS; WALLEYE AB Numerous species have been introduced to Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho over the last century, but minimal research has been completed to understand their population dynamics. The objective of this study was to describe the population demographics and dynamics of northern pike (Esox lucius) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), two important nonnative sport fishes in the system to provide information that will assist with guiding management decisions. The oldest northern pike was age 7 and the oldest smallmouth bass was age 11. Populations of both species exhibited very stable recruitment with a recruitment coefficient of determination of 0.99 for northern pike and 0.98 for smallmouth bass. Total annual mortality was estimated as 66% for northern pike and 42% for smallmouth bass. Growth of northern pike in Coeur d'Alene Lake was comparable to the 50-75th percentiles of growth exhibited by lentic northern pike populations across North America. Northern pike in Coeur d'Alene Lake were most similar to populations in the north-central and northeast United States with fast growth rates and short life spans. In contrast, smallmouth bass grew slowly and generally fell within the 5th percentile of lentic smallmouth bass populations in North America. Smallmouth bass in Coeur d'Alene Lake were similar to other populations in northern regions of the United States displaying slow growth rates with high longevity. Results of this study provide important insight on nonnative northern pike and smallmouth bass population dynamics. C1 [Walrath, John D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Firehammer, Jon A.] Coeur dAlene Tribe, Plummer, ID 83851 USA. RP Walrath, JD (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 351 Astle Dr, Green River, WY 82935 USA. EM john.walrath@wyo.gov FU Coeur d'Alene Tribe; U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Brown, M. Castaneda, W. Field, B. Harper, E. Hendrickson, J. Fredericks, D. Jolibois, I. Lee, N. Porter, J. Sanchez, T. Schill, C. Smith, J. Smith, M. Stanger, C. Watkins, S. Whitlock, and T. Wilson for assistance with field research. We also thank A. Vitale from the Coeur d'Alene Tribe and J. Fredricks from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game for assistance in planning and implementing this study. We also thank S. Elle, D. Jensen, L. Mamer, and K. Stevenson from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. K. Pope, M. Wiest, F. Wilhelm, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by the Coeur d'Alene Tribe. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Coeur d'Alene Tribe, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2011-43. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 IS 3 BP 280 EP 296 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ8QG UT WOS:000367363600007 ER PT J AU Frumhoff, PC Burkett, V Jackson, RB Newmark, R Overpeck, J Webber, M AF Frumhoff, Peter C. Burkett, Virginia Jackson, Robert B. Newmark, Robin Overpeck, Jonathan Webber, Michael TI Vulnerabilities and opportunities at the nexus of electricity, water and climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE electricty; water; climate; vulnerability; adaptation; resilience ID DROUGHT; CALIFORNIA; RISK AB The articles in this special issue examine the critical nexus of electricity, water, and climate, emphasizing connections among resources; the prospect of increasing vulnerabilities of water resources and electricity generation in a changing climate; and the opportunities for research to inform integrated energy and water policy and management measures aimed at reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. Here, we characterize several major themes emerging from this research and highlight some of the uptake of this work in both scientific and public spheres. Underpinning much of this research is the recognition that water resources are expected to undergo substantial changes based on the global warming that results primarily from fossil energy-based carbon emissions. At the same time, the production of electricity from fossil fuels, nuclear power, and some renewable technologies (biomass, geothermal and concentrating solar power) can be highly water-intensive. Energy choices now and in the near future will have a major impact not just on the global climate, but also on water supplies and the resilience of energy systems that currently depend heavily on them. C1 [Frumhoff, Peter C.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Energy & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Newmark, Robin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Webber, Michael] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Frumhoff, PC (reprint author), Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pfrumhoff@ucsusa.org NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR 080201 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/080201 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3JD UT WOS:000366999400001 ER PT J AU Murphy, SF Writer, JH McCleskey, RB Martin, DA AF Murphy, Sheila F. Writer, Jeffrey H. McCleskey, R. Blaine Martin, Deborah A. TI The role of precipitation type, intensity, and spatial distribution in source water quality after wildfire SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE wildfire; forests; water quality; landscape disturbance; rainfall intensity; climate change; North American Monsoon ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; SEDIMENT; COLORADO; RUNOFF; CATCHMENTS; DISCHARGE; CARBON; DOC AB Storms following wildfires are known to impair drinking water supplies in the southwestern United States, yet our understanding of the role of precipitation in post-wildfire water quality is far from complete. We quantitatively assessed water-quality impacts of different hydrologic events in the Colorado Front Range and found that for a three-year period, substantial hydrologic and geochemical responses downstream of a burned area were primarily driven by convective storms with a 30 min rainfall intensity >10mm h(-1). These storms, which typically occur several times each year in July-September, are often small in area, short-lived, and highly variable in intensity and geographic distribution. Thus, a rain gage network with high temporal resolution and spatial density, together with high-resolution stream sampling, are required to adequately characterize post-wildfire responses. We measured total suspended sediment, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, and manganese concentrations that were 10-156 times higher downstream of a burned area compared to upstream during relatively common (50% annual exceedance probability) rainstorms, and water quality was sufficiently impaired to pose water-treatment concerns. Short-term water-quality impairment was driven primarily by increased surface runoff during higher intensity convective storms that caused erosion in the burned area and transport of sediment and chemical constituents to streams. Annual sediment yields downstream of the burned area were controlled by storm events and subsequent remobilization, whereas DOC yields were closely linked to annual runoff and thus were more dependent on interannual variation in spring runoff. Nitrate yields were highest in the third year post-wildfire. Results from this study quantitatively demonstrate that water quality can be altered for several years after wildfire. Because the southwestern US is prone to wildfires and high-intensity rain storms, the role of storms in post-wildfire water-quality impacts must be considered when assessing water-quality vulnerability. C1 [Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Murphy, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sfmurphy@usgs.gov OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU USGS; NSF [0724960]; Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory FX Support was provided by USGS Water Mission Area (National Research Program), USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area, and NSF grant #0724960, the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory. We thank G Aiken, R Antweiler, K Butler, J Carter, B Ebel, R Jarrett, B Lubenow, J Moody, D Repert, D Roth, R Runkel, R Stallard, D Theune, S Wilson, and D Winter (USGS), USGS Colorado Water Science Center, K Stewart and the Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, US Forest Service, City of Boulder, Boulder County, R De Haas and the Pine Brook Hills Water District, D Dethier, W Ouimet, and the residents of Fourmile Canyon for assistance. Insightful reviews were provided by R F Stallard, S P Anderson, J T Minear, and B A Ebel and two anonymous reviewers. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 AR 084007 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3JD UT WOS:000366999400008 ER PT J AU Toth, LT Aronson, RB Cheng, H Edwards, RL AF Toth, Lauren T. Aronson, Richard B. Cheng, Hai Edwards, R. Lawrence TI Holocene variability in the intensity of wind-gap upwelling in the tropical eastern Pacific SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; CORAL-REEFS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ICE-AGE; RADIOCARBON AGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENSO AB Wind-driven upwelling in Pacific Panama is a significant source of oceanographic variability in the tropical eastern Pacific. This upwelling system provides a critical teleconnection between the Atlantic and tropical Pacific that may impact climate variability on a global scale. Despite its importance to oceanographic circulation, ecology, and climate, little is known about the long-term stability of the Panamanian upwelling system or its interaction with climatic forcing on millennial time scales. Using a combination of radiocarbon and U-series dating of fossil corals collected in cores from five sites across Pacific Panama, we reconstructed the local radiocarbon reservoir correction, Delta R, from similar to 6750 cal B.P. to present. Because the Delta R of shallow-water environments is elevated by upwelling, our data set represents a millennial-scale record of spatial and temporal variability of the Panamanian upwelling system. The general oceanographic gradient from relatively strong upwelling in the Gulf of Panama to weak-to-absent upwelling in the Gulf of Chiriqua was present throughout our record; however, the intensity of upwelling in the Gulf of Panama varied significantly through time. Our reconstructions suggest that upwelling in the Gulf of Panama is weak at present; however, the middle Holocene was characterized by periods of enhanced upwelling, with the most intense upwelling occurring just after of a regional shutdown in the development of reefs at similar to 4100 cal B.P. Comparisons with regional climate proxies suggest that, whereas the Intertropical Convergence Zone is the primary control on modern upwelling in Pacific Panama, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation drove the millennial-scale variability of upwelling during the Holocene. C1 [Toth, Lauren T.; Aronson, Richard B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Toth, Lauren T.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Toth, LT (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM ltoth@usgs.gov FU Geological Society of America; American Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Natural Science Foundation of China [OCE-1535007, 41230524]; U.S Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Paula Reimer provided invaluable guidance and advice during the formulation of this project. We also thank Dunia Urrego for her assistance in launching this project. This research was funded by a Graduate Student Research Grant from the Geological Society of America, the Lerner-Gray Marine Research Grant of the American Museum of Natural History, grants from the Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network, grant OCE-1535007 from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Natural Science Foundation of China grant 41230524, and the U.S Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Field work was carried out under permits from the Republic of Panama. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The complete U/Th and 14C data set is available in the SI. This is contribution 136 from the Institute for Research on Global Climate Change at the Florida Institute of Technology. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1113 EP 1131 DI 10.1002/2015PA002794 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA CX9YE UT WOS:000366061900005 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Skalos, SM Wylie, GD Casazza, ML AF Halstead, Brian J. Skalos, Shannon M. Wylie, Glenn D. Casazza, Michael L. TI TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF SEMI-AQUATIC GIANT GARTERSNAKES (THAMNOPHIS GIGAS) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; Central Valley; core terrestrial habitat; garter snake; radio telemetry; wetland buffer ID FRESH-WATER TURTLES; BUFFER ZONES; HABITAT USE; WETLAND CONSERVATION; BREEDING SALAMANDERS; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES; TRANSLOCATION; LANDSCAPE AB Wetlands are a vital component of habitat for semiaquatic herpetofauna, but for most species adjacent terrestrial habitats are also essential. We examined the use of terrestrial environments by Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) to provide behavioral information relevant to conservation of this state and federally listed threatened species. We used radio telemetry data collected 1995-2011 from adults at several sites throughout the Sacramento Valley, California, USA, to examine Giant Gartersnake use of the terrestrial environment. We found Giant Gartersnakes in terrestrial environments more than half the time during the summer, with the use of terrestrial habitats increasing to nearly 100% during brumation. While in terrestrial habitats, we found Giant Gartersnakes underground more than half the time in the early afternoon during summer, and the probability of being underground increased to nearly 100% of the time at all hours during brumation. Extreme temperatures also increased the probability that we would find Giant Gartersnakes underground. Under most conditions, we found Giant Gartersnakes to be within 10 m of water at 95% of observations. For females during brumation and individuals that we found underground, however, the average individual had a 10% probability of being located > 20 m from water. Individual variation in each of the response variables was extensive; therefore, predicting the behavior of an individual was fraught with uncertainty. Nonetheless, our estimates provide resource managers with valuable information about the importance of protecting and carefully managing terrestrial habitats for conserving a rare semiaquatic snake. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Skalos, Shannon M.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead@usgs.gov FU CalFed; California Department of Water Resources; Nature Conservancy; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this research was provided by a number of agencies, including CalFed, the California Department of Water Resources, the Nature Conservancy, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlands, Inc., and private landowners for access to study sites. Cory Overton provided valuable comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Pamela Gore and Lisa Parker provided administrative support. This work would not have been possible without the help of dozens of biological technicians. Snakes were handled in accordance with the University of California, Davis, Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permit TE-020548-5. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 2 BP 633 EP 644 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CW6CU UT WOS:000365085900008 ER PT J AU Spencer, MM Lardner, B Mazurek, MJ Reed, RN AF Spencer, McKayla M. Lardner, Bjorn Mazurek, M. J. Reed, Robert N. TI FACTORS AFFECTING DEFENSIVE STRIKE BEHAVIOR IN BROWN TREESNAKES (BOIGA IRREGULARIS) PROVOKED BY HUMANS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-predator behavior; defensive behavior; Guam; snake trapping ID COTTONMOUTHS AGKISTRODON-PISCIVORUS; SNAKE NATRIX-MAURA; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; PREDATION ATTEMPT; TAIL BREAKAGE; TREE SNAKE; GUAM; BIOLOGY; CORTICOSTERONE; REPTILIA AB Striking is a typical antipredator defense exhibited by many species of snakes. While trapping Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, we observed that snakes most frequently struck at an approaching person at a site where snakes had been trapped, marked, and handled in the past. Using a combination of between-sites and within-site comparisons, we assessed if the propensity to strike was correlated with capture histories (both recent and long-term), snake size, body condition (a proxy to nutritional stress), sex, or tail condition (broken or intact), while controlling for confounding variables. We confirmed that propensity to strike was higher at the site where we had been conducting capture-mark-recapture for several years. However, we were unable to demonstrate a correlation between striking tendencies and individual recent or long-term capture histories. The only morphological covariate that had an effect on strike propensity was sex, with females striking more often than males. After removing the site effect from our model, we found that snakes missing parts of their tails were more likely to strike than snakes with intact tails. We have yet to identify the factor(s) that cause the pronounced difference across sites in snake propensity to strike, and data from additional sites might help elucidate any geographical patterns. C1 [Spencer, McKayla M.; Mazurek, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Brown Treesnake Project, Cherokee Serv Grp, Guam, GU 96912 USA. [Lardner, Bjorn] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Spencer, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Brown Treesnake Project, Cherokee Serv Grp, Guam, GU 96912 USA. EM mickelviper@gmail.com FU Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior FX We thank Page Klug for letting us add two variables onto her field project. Land access was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense and funding was provided by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Marijoy Viernes, Tom Hinkle, Elden Holldorf, Matthew Cook, Rebecca Lechalk, Meredith Palmer, and Kevin Donmoyer provided field assistance, and Julie Savidge and Emily Thompson offered input on early experimental design. Lea Bonewell provided project support and Amy Yackel Adams reviewed an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was approved by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Current site A trapping was approved by Colorado State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC#12-3628A). The mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 2 BP 703 EP 710 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CW6CU UT WOS:000365085900016 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Ralston, BE Grams, PE Schmidt, JC Cagney, LE AF Sankey, Joel B. Ralston, Barbara E. Grams, Paul E. Schmidt, John C. Cagney, Laura E. TI Riparian vegetation, Colorado River, and climate: Five decades of spatiotemporal dynamics in the Grand Canyon with river regulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREEN RIVER; FLOW REGULATION; NORTH-AMERICA; ELEVATED CO2; ARIZONA; USA; DAM; UTAH; GEOMORPHOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT AB Documentation of the interacting effects of river regulation and climate on riparian vegetation has typically been limited to small segments of rivers or focused on individual plant species. We examine spatiotemporal variability in riparian vegetation for the Colorado River in Grand Canyon relative to river regulation and climate, over the five decades since completion of the upstream Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. Long-term changes along this highly modified, large segment of the river provide insights for management of similar riparian ecosystems around the world. We analyze vegetation extent based on maps and imagery from eight dates between 1965 and 2009, coupled with the instantaneous hydrograph for the entire period. Analysis confirms a net increase in vegetated area since completion of the dam. Magnitude and timing of such vegetation changes are river stage-dependent. Vegetation expansion is coincident with inundation frequency changes and is unlikely to occur for time periods when inundation frequency exceeds approximately 5%. Vegetation expansion at lower zones of the riparian area is greater during the periods with lower peak and higher base flows, while vegetation at higher zones couples with precipitation patterns and decreases during drought. Short pulses of high flow, such as the controlled floods of the Colorado River in 1996, 2004, and 2008, do not keep vegetation from expanding onto bare sand habitat. Management intended to promote resilience of riparian vegetation must contend with communities that are sensitive to the interacting effects of altered flood regimes and water availability from river and precipitation. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.; Ralston, Barbara E.; Grams, Paul E.; Schmidt, John C.; Cagney, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov OI Ralston, Barbara/0000-0001-9991-8994; Durning, Laura/0000-0003-3282-2458 FU U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation through the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation through the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, with logistical and managerial support from the U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Data used in this paper are freely available from the authors, from the U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (doi: 10.5066/F7J67F0P; http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/geospatial/Data/USGS_2015_JSankey_Riparian_Veget ation_And_Colorado_River.zip; https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5575b3c1e4b08f9309d4bafc; http://www.gcmrc.gov/), from references, and url links cited in this manuscript. We thank Charles Yackulic, Tom Gushue, and Terry Arundel for their helpful advice on data analysis and management. We thank Mark Dixon, Alan Kasprak, Daniel Sarr, one anonymous reviewer, and the Associate Editor for their constructive reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1532 EP 1547 DI 10.1002/2015JG002991 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CU2DG UT WOS:000363332300006 ER PT J AU McGrath, D Sass, L O'Neel, S Arendt, A Wolken, G Gusmeroli, A Kienholz, C McNeil, C AF McGrath, Daniel Sass, Louis O'Neel, Shad Arendt, Anthony Wolken, Gabriel Gusmeroli, Alessio Kienholz, Christian McNeil, Christopher TI End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; MASS-BALANCE; WATER EQUIVALENT; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ALPINE CATCHMENTS; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; VALIDATION; SVALBARD AB A quantitative understanding of snow thickness and snow water equivalent (SWE) on glaciers is essential to a wide range of scientific and resource management topics. However, robust SWE estimates are observationally challenging, in part because SWE can vary abruptly over short distances in complex terrain due to interactions between topography and meteorological processes. In spring 2013, we measured snow accumulation on several glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska using both ground-and helicopter-based ground-penetrating radar surveys, complemented by extensive ground truth observations. We found that SWE can be highly variable (40% difference) over short spatial scales (tens to hundreds of meters), especially in the ablation zone where the underlying ice surfaces are typically rough. Elevation provides the dominant basin-scale influence on SWE, with gradients ranging from 115 to 400 mm/100 m. Regionally, total accumulation and the accumulation gradient are strongly controlled by a glacier's distance from the coastal moisture source. Multiple linear regressions, used to calculate distributed SWE fields, show that robust results require adequate sampling of the true distribution of multiple terrain parameters. Final SWE estimates (comparable to winter balances) show reasonable agreement with both the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model climate data set (9-36% difference) and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Benchmark Glaciers (6-36% difference). All the glaciers in our study exhibit substantial sensitivity to changing snow-rain fractions, regardless of their location in a coastal or continental climate. While process-based SWE projections remain elusive, the collection of ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-derived data sets provides a greatly enhanced perspective on the spatial distribution of SWE and will pave the way for future work that may eventually allow such projections. C1 [McGrath, Daniel; Sass, Louis; O'Neel, Shad; McNeil, Christopher] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McGrath, Daniel] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Arendt, Anthony] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolken, Gabriel] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Gusmeroli, Alessio] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Kienholz, Christian] Univ Alaska, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP McGrath, D (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dmcgrath@usgs.gov OI Gusmeroli, Alessio/0000-0002-8355-5591; Sass, Louis/0000-0003-4677-029X; MCGRATH, DANIEL/0000-0002-9462-6842 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program; U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center; Oil Spill Recovery Institute; NASA [NNX11AF41G, NNX15AG21G]; Capital Improvement Project; Anchorage Municipal Light and Power; Alaska Pacific University FX Data used in this study are archived at 10.5066/F7M043G7. Funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program, the U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center, the Oil Spill Recovery Institute, NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program (NNX11AF41G and NNX15AG21G), and Capital Improvement Project awarded to the Climate and Cryosphere Hazards Program at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys supported this research. Additionally, we thank Mike Loso for field assistance and funding support (Anchorage Municipal Light and Power and Alaska Pacific University) for Eklutna Glacier; Adam Winstral for sharing the Sx code; and Jack Kohler, Clement Miege, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1530 EP 1550 DI 10.1002/2015JF003539 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU3YZ UT WOS:000363464000006 ER PT J AU Green, CT Walvoord, MA Andraski, BJ Striegl, RG Stonestrom, DA AF Green, Christopher T. Walvoord, Michelle A. Andraski, Brian J. Striegl, Robert G. Stonestrom, David A. TI Multimodel analysis of anisotropic diffusive tracer-gas transport in a deep arid unsaturated zone SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; VADOSE ZONE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; AMARGOSA DESERT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL; EMISSIONS; FIELD AB Gas transport in the unsaturated zone affects contaminant flux and remediation, interpretation of groundwater travel times from atmospheric tracers, and mass budgets of environmentally important gases. Although unsaturated zone transport of gases is commonly treated as dominated by diffusion, the characteristics of transport in deep layered sediments remain uncertain. In this study, we use a multimodel approach to analyze results of a gas-tracer (SF6) test to clarify characteristics of gas transport in deep unsaturated alluvium. Thirty-five separate models with distinct diffusivity structures were calibrated to the tracer-test data and were compared on the basis of Akaike Information Criteria estimates of posterior model probability. Models included analytical and numerical solutions. Analytical models provided estimates of bulk-scale apparent diffusivities at the scale of tens of meters. Numerical models provided information on local-scale diffusivities and feasible lithological features producing the observed tracer breakthrough curves. The combined approaches indicate significant anisotropy of bulk-scale diffusivity, likely associated with high-diffusivity layers. Both approaches indicated that diffusivities in some intervals were greater than expected from standard models relating porosity to diffusivity. High apparent diffusivities and anisotropic diffusivity structures were consistent with previous observations at the study site of rapid lateral transport and limited vertical spreading of gas-phase contaminants. Additional processes such as advective oscillations may be involved. These results indicate that gases in deep, layered unsaturated zone sediments can spread laterally more quickly, and produce higher peak concentrations, than predicted by homogeneous, isotropic diffusion models. C1 [Green, Christopher T.; Stonestrom, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson, CA USA. [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology program; National Research Program; National Water-Quality Assessment program FX This study was supported by funding from the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology program, National Research Program, and National Water-Quality Assessment program. We gratefully acknowledge field and lab support provided by USGS colleagues Ron Baker, Michael Johnson, Leigh Justet, Justin Mayers, and Kim Wickland. We thank the two AGU Editors and three anonymous reviewers for insightful critiques that improved the manuscript. The data used for this study are available in Table S1 in supporting information. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6052 EP 6073 DI 10.1002/2014WR016055 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CU3CZ UT WOS:000363402800011 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL AF Runkel, Robert L. TI On the use of rhodamine WT for the characterization of stream hydrodynamics and transient storage SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; MOUNTAIN STREAM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER TESTS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; WATER INTERACTIONS AB Recent advances in fluorometry have led to increased use of rhodamine WT as a tracer in streams and rivers. In light of this increased use, a review of the dye's behavior in freshwater systems is presented. Studies in the groundwater literature indicate that rhodamine WT is transported nonconservatively, with sorption removing substantial amounts of tracer mass. Column studies document a two-step break-through curve in which two structural isomers are chromatographically separated. Although the potential for nonconservative transport is acknowledged in the surface water literature, many studies assume that sorptive losses will not affect the characterization of physical transport processes. A literature review and modeling analysis indicates that this assumption is valid for quantification of physical properties that are based on the bulk of the tracer mass (traveltime), and invalid for the characterization of processes represented by the tracer tail (transient storage attributable to hyporheic exchange). Rhodamine WT should be considered nonconservative in the hyporheic zone due to nonconservative behavior demonstrated for similar conditions in groundwater. As such, rhodamine WT should not be used as a quantitative tracer in hyporheic zone investigations, including the study of long flow paths and the development of models describing hyporheic zone processes. Rhodamine WT may be used to qualitatively characterize storage in large systems, where there are few practical alternatives. Qualitative investigations should rely on early portions of the tracer profile, making use of the temporal resolution afforded by in situ fluorometry, while discarding later parts of the tracer profile that are adversely affected by sorption. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM runkel@usgs.gov FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX All data used in this analysis (Input/Output files associated with Simulations 1-3i) are available in the supporting information. Funding for this research was provided the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The author thanks Jud Harvey and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the draft manuscript. NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6125 EP 6142 DI 10.1002/2015WR017201 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CU3CZ UT WOS:000363402800015 ER PT J AU Walder, JS Iverson, RM Godt, JW Logan, M Solovitz, SA AF Walder, Joseph S. Iverson, Richard M. Godt, Jonathan W. Logan, Matthew Solovitz, Stephen A. TI Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS EMBANKMENTS; RIVERS; BED AB Overtopping failure of noncohesive earthen dams was investigated in 13 large-scale experiments with dams built of compacted, damp, fine-grained sand. Breaching was initiated by cutting a notch across the dam crest and allowing water escaping from a finite upstream reservoir to form its own channel. The channel developed a stepped profile, and upstream migration of the steps, which coalesced into a headcut, led to the establishment of hydraulic control (critical flow) at the channel head, or breach crest, an arcuate erosional feature that functions hydraulically as a weir. Novel photogrammetric methods, along with underwater videography, revealed that the retreating headcut maintained a slope near the angle of friction of the sand, while the cross section at the breach crest maintained a geometrically similar shape through time. That cross-sectional shape was nearly unaffected by slope failures, contrary to the assumption in many models of dam breaching. Flood hydrographs were quite reproducible-for sets of dams ranging in height from 0.55 m to 0.98 m-when the time datum was chosen as the time that the migrating headcut intersected the breach crest. Peak discharge increased almost linearly as a function of initial dam height. Early-time variability between flood hydrographs for nominally identical dams is probably a reflection of subtle experiment-to-experiment differences in groundwater hydrology and the interaction between surface water and groundwater. C1 [Walder, Joseph S.; Iverson, Richard M.; Logan, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Solovitz, Stephen A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jswalder@usgs.gov FU Fulbright grant (U.S. Department of State and Commission franco-americaine) FX The following are found in the supporting information for this paper: tabulations of material-property measurements; movies cited above; graphs that complement figures presented above; and data that support the various figures. Additional video documentation of our experiments is included in Logan and Iverson[2007, revised 2013] and viewable on-line at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/. We were assisted at the flume by Liz Safran (Lewis and Clark College), Tracy Brennand and Jonathan Cripps (Simon Fraser University), and USGS colleagues Kelly Swinford, Julie Griswold, Rick LaHusen, Steve Schilling, Chris Lockett, Joel Smith, and Roger Denlinger. Schilling also provided help with ArcInfo. National Association of Geology Teachers interns Kate Potter and Frances Griswold helped tremendously with the 2012 and 2013 experiments, respectively. We thank Robert S. Anderson and three anonymous referees for their careful reviews. J. S. W. thanks Mark Morris, Bryan Orendorff, and Mahmoud Al-Riffai for valuable discussions and copies of unpublished data and videotapes; and the late Stephen Coleman for a copy of the thesis by Darryl Andrews. He also acknowledges financial support from a Fulbright grant (U.S. Department of State and Commission franco-americaine) and thanks his hosts at the Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France, where he was based while doing part of the data analysis and writing an early draft. Mention of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6701 EP 6724 DI 10.1002/2014WR016620 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CU3CZ UT WOS:000363402800044 ER PT J AU McKnight, DM Cozzetto, K Cullis, JDS Gooseff, MN Jaros, C Koch, JC Lyons, WB Neupauer, R Wlostowski, A AF McKnight, Diane M. Cozzetto, Karen Cullis, James D. S. Gooseff, Michael N. Jaros, Christopher Koch, Joshua C. Lyons, W. Berry Neupauer, Roseanna Wlostowski, Adam TI Potential for real-time understanding of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems: Future integration of telemetered data with process models for glacial meltwater streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER CHEMISTRY; ANTARCTICA; DIDYMOSPHENIA; TERRESTRIAL; EVERGLADES; PERIPHYTON; NETWORKS AB While continuous monitoring of streamflow and temperature has been common for some time, there is great potential to expand continuous monitoring to include water quality parameters such as nutrients, turbidity, oxygen, and dissolved organic material. In many systems, distinguishing between watershed and stream ecosystem controls can be challenging. The usefulness of such monitoring can be enhanced by the application of quantitative models to interpret observed patterns in real time. Examples are discussed primarily from the glacial meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Although the Dry Valley landscape is barren of plants, many streams harbor thriving cyanobacterial mats. Whereas a daily cycle of streamflow is controlled by the surface energy balance on the glaciers and the temporal pattern of solar exposure, the daily signal for biogeochemical processes controlling water quality is generated along the stream. These features result in an excellent outdoor laboratory for investigating fundamental ecosystem process and the development and validation of process-based models. As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research project, we have conducted field experiments and developed coupled biogeochemical transport models for the role of hyporheic exchange in controlling weathering reactions, microbial nitrogen cycling, and stream temperature regulation. We have adapted modeling approaches from sediment transport to understand mobilization of stream biomass with increasing flows. These models help to elucidate the role of in-stream processes in systems where watershed processes also contribute to observed patterns, and may serve as a test case for applying real-time stream ecosystem models. C1 [McKnight, Diane M.; Cozzetto, Karen; Gooseff, Michael N.; Jaros, Christopher; Neupauer, Roseanna; Wlostowski, Adam] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cullis, James D. S.] Aurecon Grp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Koch, Joshua C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Lyons, W. Berry] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McKnight, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM diane.mcknight@colorado.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982; NEUPAUER, ROSEANNA/0000-0002-4918-810X FU National Science Foundation through the McMurdo LTER [NSF 1115245]; Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory [NSF 0724960] FX We gratefully acknowledge Kenneth Bencala and Robert Runkel for their insightful comments and advice in the design and analysis of this research. We also acknowledge helpful reviews of this paper by Audrey Sawyer and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation through the McMurdo LTER (NSF 1115245). Additional funding support for the lead author was provided by the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory (NSF 0724960). Essential logistic support was provided by the U.S. Antarctic Program, Lake Hoare camp manager Rae Spain, and the pilots, staff, and crew of PHI helicopters Inc. The data presented are available from the MCMLTER database (mcmlter.org). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 6725 EP 6738 DI 10.1002/2015WR017618 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CU3CZ UT WOS:000363402800045 ER PT J AU Reyes, JC Kalkan, E AF Reyes, Juan C. Kalkan, Erol TI Significance of Rotating Ground Motions on Behavior of Symmetric- and Asymmetric-Plan Structures: Part I. Single-Story Structures SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FAULT REGION; PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS; ANGLE; REPRESENTATION; DEMANDS; SPECTRA; ENERGY AB The California Building Code requires at least two ground motion components for the three-dimensional (3-D) response history analysis (RHA) of structures. For near-fault sites, these records should be rotated to fault-normal/fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHA analyses should be performed separately. This approach is assumed to lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all non-redundant rotation angles. This assumption is examined here using 3-D computer models of single-story structures having symmetric and asymmetric plans subjected to a suite of bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The influence that the rotation angle has on several engineering demand parameters is investigated in linear and nonlinear domains to evaluate the use of the FN/FP directions, and the maximum direction (MD). The statistical evaluation suggests that RHAs should be conducted by rotating a set of records to the MD and FN/FP directions, and taking the maximum response values from these analyses as design values. C1 [Reyes, Juan C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Kalkan, Erol] United States Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), United States Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jureyes@uniandes.edu.co; ekalkan@usgs.gov RI Reyes, Juan/R-3055-2016 OI Reyes, Juan/0000-0003-0690-2956 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1591 EP 1612 DI 10.1193/072012EQS241M PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CS7YW UT WOS:000362303900017 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Reyes, JC AF Kalkan, Erol Reyes, Juan C. TI Significance of Rotating Ground Motions on Behavior of Symmetric- and Asymmetric-Plan Structures: Part II. Multi-Story Structures SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID BUILDINGS; DIRECTIVITY; DESIGN AB The influence of the ground motion rotation angle on engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is examined in the companion paper based on three-dimensional (3-D) computer models of single-story structures. Further validations are performed here using 3-D models of nine-story buildings that have symmetric and asymmetric layouts subjected to a suite of hi-directional near-fault records with and without apparent velocity-pulses. The linear and nonlinear response-history analyses (RHAs) are used for evaluating the use of fault-normal and fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions and maximum-direction (MD) to rotate ground motions. This study suggests that individual ground motions rotated to MD or FN/FP directions not always provide conservative EDPs in nonlinear range, but often produce larger EDPs than as-recorded motions. In practice, when a suite of ground motions is used, nonlinear RHAs should be performed by rotating them to the MD and FN/FP directions, and maximum response values should be taken from these analyses as design values. C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reyes, Juan C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; jureyes@uniandes.edu.co RI Reyes, Juan/R-3055-2016 OI Reyes, Juan/0000-0003-0690-2956 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1613 EP 1628 DI 10.1193/072012EQS242M PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CS7YW UT WOS:000362303900018 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Daley, D Baise, LG Thompson, EM Wald, DJ Knudsen, KL AF Zhu, Jing Daley, Davene Baise, Laurie G. Thompson, Eric M. Wald, David J. Knudsen, Keith L. TI A Geospatial Liquefaction Model for Rapid Response and Loss Estimation SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; SEISMIC SITE CONDITIONS; 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; PORT-AU-PRINCE; GROUND-MOTION; GEODETIC DATA; NEW-ZEALAND; CHRISTCHURCH; CALIFORNIA; PROXY AB We describe an approach to model liquefaction extent that focuses on identifying broadly available geospatial variables (e.g., derived from digital elevation models) and earthquake-specific parameters (e.g., peak ground acceleration, PGA). A key step is database development: We focus on the 1995 Kobe and 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes because the presence/absence of liquefaction has been mapped so that the database is unbiased with respect to the areal extent of liquefaction. We derive two liquefaction models with explanatory variables that include PGA, shear-wave velocity, compound topographic index, and a newly defined normalized distance parameter (distance to coast divided by the sum of distance to coast and distance to the basin inland edge). To check the portability/reliability of these models, we apply them to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. We conclude that these models provide first-order approximations of the extent of liquefaction, appropriate for use in rapid response, loss estimation, and simulations. C1 [Zhu, Jing; Baise, Laurie G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02446 USA. [Daley, Davene] Karen Clark & Co, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Thompson, Eric M.; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Knudsen, Keith L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zhu, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02446 USA. RI Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010; Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU National Science Foundation [1300781] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1300781. We would like to thank our colleague at Tufts, Rich Vogel, who suggested the use of CTI as a measure of saturation. In addition, we thank David Perkins, Jonathan Godt, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments. This work has benefitted from discussions with Harold Magistrale and Yufang Rong. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1813 EP 1837 DI 10.1193/121912EQS353M PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CS7YW UT WOS:000362303900027 ER PT J AU Bozorgnia, Y Stewart, JP Kishida, T Boore, DM Campbell, KW Atkinson, GM Chiou, BSJ Idriss, IM Silva, WJ Young, RR AF Bozorgnia, Yousef Stewart, Jonathan P. Kishida, Tadahiro Boore, David M. Campbell, Kenneth W. Atkinson, Gail M. Chiou, Brian S-J. Idriss, I. M. Silva, Walter J. Young, Robert R. TI Discussion by P. Malhotra on "NGA-West2 Research Project" RESPONSE TO SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Editorial Material ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SHALLOW CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES; GROUND MOTION MODEL; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; NGA MODEL; SPECTRA; PGV; PERIODS C1 [Bozorgnia, Yousef; Kishida, Tadahiro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] CoreLogic Inc, Oakland, CA USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Chiou, Brian S-J.] Calif Dept Transportat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Idriss, I. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Silva, Walter J.] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA USA. [Young, Robert R.] AMEC E&I, Oakland, CA USA. RP Bozorgnia, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yousef@berkeley.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1879 EP 1884 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CS7YW UT WOS:000362303900031 ER PT J AU Gold, PO Behr, WM Rood, D Sharp, WD Rockwell, TK Kendrick, K Salin, A AF Gold, Peter O. Behr, Whitney M. Rood, Dylan Sharp, Warren D. Rockwell, Thomas K. Kendrick, Katherine Salin, Aaron TI Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault, southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Banning fault strand; southern San Andreas Fault; slip rate; Be-10 exposure dating; U series pedogenic carbonate; earthquake hazard ID EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE FORECAST; SITU COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; HALF-LIFE; TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY; PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; FLUVIAL TERRACES; SURFACE RUPTURES; COACHELLA VALLEY; SALTON TROUGH AB Northwest directed slip from the southern San Andreas Fault is transferred to the Mission Creek, Banning, and Garnet Hill fault strands in the northwestern Coachella Valley. How slip is partitioned between these three faults is critical to southern California seismic hazard estimates but is poorly understood. In this paper, we report the first slip rate measured for the Banning fault strand. We constrain the depositional age of an alluvial fan offset 255m from its source by the Banning strand to between 5.10.4ka (95% confidence interval (CI)) and 6.4+3.7/-2.1ka (95% CI) using U-series dating of pedogenic carbonate clast coatings and Be-10 cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating of surface clasts. We calculate a Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of 3.9+2.3/-1.6mm/yr (median, 95% CI) to 4.9+1.0/-0.9mm/yr (median, 95% CI). This rate represents only 25-35% of the total slip accommodated by this section of the southern San Andreas Fault, suggesting a model in which slip is less concentrated on the Banning strand than previously thought. In rejecting the possibility that the Banning strand is the dominant structure, our results highlight an even greater need for slip rate and paleoseismic measurements along faults in the northwestern Coachella Valley in order to test the validity of current earthquake hazard models. In addition, our comparison of ages measured with U-series and Be-10 exposure dating demonstrates the importance of using multiple geochronometers when estimating the depositional age of alluvial landforms. C1 [Gold, Peter O.; Behr, Whitney M.; Salin, Aaron] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rood, Dylan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Rood, Dylan] Scottish Univ Environm, Res Ctr, AMS Lab, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Sharp, Warren D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Rockwell, Thomas K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kendrick, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Gold, PO (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM peter.gold@utexas.edu FU southern California Earthquake Center [12097, 13039]; USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G14AP00072]; National Science Foundation [1226353, 1225810] FX This project was funded by the southern California Earthquake Center grants 12097 and 13039 and USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) grant G14AP00072. The B4 airborne lidar data used in this study are freely available from OpenTopography (opentopography.org), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under awards 1226353 and 1225810. The CRONUS online exposure age calculator is accessible here: http://hess.ess.washington.edu/math/. The MATLAB GUI of Hidy et al. [2010] is available here: http://geochronology.earthsciences.dal.ca. The MATLAB code of Zechar and Frankel [2009] used to generate the PDFs is available here: ftp://ftp.agu.org/apend/jb/2009jb006325. We thank Jon Matti, Dick Heermance, and two anonymous reviewers for input that greatly improved this report, and we thank Kory Kirchner and Kate Atakturk for help in the field. Southern California Earthquake Center publication 2083. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5639 EP 5663 DI 10.1002/2015JB012004 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS6WN UT WOS:000362224100014 ER PT J AU Bennington, NL Haney, M De Angelis, S Thurber, CH Freymueller, J AF Bennington, Ninfa L. Haney, Matthew De Angelis, Silvio Thurber, Clifford H. Freymueller, Jeffrey TI Monitoring changes in seismic velocity related to an ongoing rapid inflation event at Okmok volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE ambient noise; interferometry; seismic velocity perturbations ID CODA WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; LA FOURNAISE VOLCANO; AMBIENT NOISE; PITON AB Okmok is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc. In an effort to improve our ability to detect precursory activity leading to eruption at Okmok, we monitor a recent, and possibly ongoing, GPS-inferred rapid inflation event at the volcano using ambient noise interferometry (ANI). Applying this method, we identify changes in seismic velocity outside of Okmok's caldera, which are related to the hydrologic cycle. Within the caldera, we observe decreases in seismic velocity that are associated with the GPS-inferred rapid inflation event. We also determine temporal changes in waveform decorrelation and show a continual increase in decorrelation rate over the time associated with the rapid inflation event. The magnitude of relative velocity decreases and decorrelation rate increases are comparable to previous studies at Piton de la Fournaise that associate such changes with increased production of volatiles and/or magmatic intrusion within the magma reservoir and associated opening of fractures and/or fissures. Notably, the largest decrease in relative velocity occurs along the intrastation path passing nearest to the center of the caldera. This observation, along with equal amplitude relative velocity decreases revealed via analysis of intracaldera autocorrelations, suggests that the inflation source may be located approximately within the center of the caldera and represent recharge of shallow magma storage in this location. Importantly, there is a relative absence of seismicity associated with this and previous rapid inflation events at Okmok. Thus, these ANI results are the first seismic evidence of such rapid inflation at the volcano. C1 [Bennington, Ninfa L.; Thurber, Clifford H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haney, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [De Angelis, Silvio] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Ocean & Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Freymueller, Jeffrey] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Bennington, NL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ninfa@geology.wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1246975] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number EAR-1246975. We would like to acknowledge the Alaska Earthquake Center for their continual help with seismic data support. Relative velocity changes determined for individual stations and station pairs at Okmok volcano between 2012 and 2014 are available to the reader upon request to the corresponding author. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5664 EP 5676 DI 10.1002/2015JB011939 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS6WN UT WOS:000362224100015 ER PT J AU Boyd, OS Smalley, R Zeng, YH AF Boyd, Oliver S. Smalley, Robert, Jr. Zeng, Yuehua TI Crustal deformation in the New Madrid seismic zone and the role of postseismic processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE New Madrid; earthquakes; friction; geodesy; rheology ID UNITED-STATES; INTERDECADAL MODULATION; TIME-SERIES; EARTHQUAKE; MAGNITUDES; CHARLESTON; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; INTENSITIES; AFTERSHOCKS AB Global Navigation Satellite System data across the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) in the central United States over the period from 2000 through 2014 are analyzed and modeled with several deformation mechanisms including the following: (1) creep on subsurface dislocations, (2) postseismic frictional afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation from the 1811-1812 and 1450 earthquakes in the NMSZ, and (3) regional strain. In agreement with previous studies, a dislocation creeping at about 4 mm/yr between 12 and 20 km depth along the downdip extension of the Reelfoot fault reproduces the observations well. We find that a dynamic model of postseismic frictional afterslip from the 1450 and February 1812 Reelfoot fault events can explain this creep. Kinematic and dynamic models involving the Cottonwood Grove fault provide minimal predictive power. This is likely due to the smaller size of the December 1811 event on the Cottonwood Grove fault and a distribution of stations better suited to constrain localized strain across the Reelfoot fault. Regional compressive strain across the NMSZ is found to be less than 3x10(-9)/yr. If much of the present-day surface deformation results from afterslip, it is likely that many of the earthquakes we see today in the NMSZ are aftershocks from the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. Despite this conclusion, our results are consistent with observations and models of intraplate earthquake clustering. Given this and the recent paleoseismic history of the region, we suggest that seismic hazard is likely to remain significant. C1 [Boyd, Oliver S.; Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Smalley, Robert, Jr.] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Boyd, OS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM olboyd@usgs.gov OI Boyd, Oliver/0000-0001-9457-0407 NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5782 EP 5803 DI 10.1002/2015JB012049 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS6WN UT WOS:000362224100021 ER PT J AU Barbour, AJ AF Barbour, Andrew J. TI Pore pressure sensitivities to dynamic strains: Observations in active tectonic regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE dynamic strain; pore pressure; earthquake triggering; fault zone permeability; strainmeters ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BOREHOLE STRAINMETERS; SEISMIC-WAVES; JACINTO FAULT; FLUID-FLOW; PERMEABILITY; EARTHQUAKE; CRUST AB Triggered seismicity arising from dynamic stresses is often explained by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, where elevated pore pressures reduce the effective strength of faults in fluid-saturated rock. The seismic response of a fluid-rock system naturally depends on its hydromechanical properties, but accurately assessing how pore fluid pressure responds to applied stress over large scales in situ remains a challenging task; hence, spatial variations in response are not well understood, especially around active faults. Here I analyze previously unutilized records of dynamic strain and pore pressure from regional and teleseismic earthquakes at Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) stations from 2006 to 2012 to investigate variations in response along the Pacific/North American tectonic plate boundary. I find robust scaling response coefficients between excess pore pressure and dynamic strain at each station that are spatially correlated: around the San Andreas and San Jacinto fault systems, the response is lowest in regions of the crust undergoing the highest rates of secular shear strain. PBO stations in the Parkfield instrument cluster are at comparable distances to the San Andreas Fault (SAF), and spatial variations there follow patterns in dextral creep rates along the fault, with the highest response in the actively creeping section, which is consistent with a narrowing zone of strain accumulation seen in geodetic velocity profiles. At stations in the San Juan Bautista (SJB) and Anza instrument clusters, the response depends nonlinearly on the inverse fault-perpendicular distance, with the response decreasing toward the fault; the SJB cluster is at the northern transition from creeping-to-locked behavior along the SAF, where creep rates are at moderate to low levels, and the Anza cluster is around the San Jacinto Fault, where to date there have been no statistically significant creep rates observed at the surface. These results suggest that the strength of the pore pressure response in fluid-saturated rock near active faults is controlled by shear strain accumulation associated with tectonic loading, which implies a strong feedback between fault strength and permeability: dynamic triggering susceptibilities may vary in space and also in time. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barbour, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abarbour@usgs.gov OI Barbour, Andrew/0000-0002-6890-2452 FU NSF [EAR10-53208, EAR12-51568]; USGS FX Strain data were obtained from Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology web services (http://service.iris.edu/irisws/), and pore pressure data were obtained from the UNAVCO archive (http://pore.unavco.org/pore/). The Parkfield earthquake catalog was obtained from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (http://dx.doi.org/10.7932/NCEDC) through their composite earthquake catalog http://www.ncedc.org/ncedc/catalog-search.html), and tremor locations were obtained from the TremorScope online catalog (http://seismo.berkeley.edu/research/recent_tremor.html). I used the bayesm software package (http://cran.r-project.org/package=bayesm, version 2.2) to do the Markov chain Monte Carlo computations, the ggmap software package (http://cran.r-project.org/package=ggmap, version 2.4) to download topographic images from the Google Static Maps API, and the kitagawa software package (http://cran.r-project.org/package=kitagawa, version 2.1) with Bob Parker's cross-spectrum estimation program, cross, for spectral analyses. Websites were last accessed in July 2015. I thank Xiaopeng Tong for providing San Andreas Fault creep rate data. Input from Mike Gottlieb, Wade Johnson, and Dave Mencin on the instruments and their installations have been invaluable. Constructive comments from Duncan Agnew, Steve Hickman, Art McGarr, and Frank Wyatt strengthened the focus of this work. This paper ultimately benefited from critical reviews by Evelyn Roeloffs and David Shelly (U.S. Geological Survey) and two anonymous reviewers. I thank the Associate Editor, Mike Poland, for his additional comments. Support for this work came from NSF grants EAR10-53208 and EAR12-51568 and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 5863 EP 5883 DI 10.1002/2015JB012201 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS6WN UT WOS:000362224100025 ER PT J AU Stelten, ME Cooper, KM Vazquez, JA Calvert, AT Glessner, JJG AF Stelten, Mark E. Cooper, Kari M. Vazquez, Jorge A. Calvert, Andrew T. Glessner, Justin J. G. TI Mechanisms and Timescales of Generating Eruptible Rhyolitic Magmas at Yellowstone Caldera from Zircon and Sanidine Geochronology and Geochemistry SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sanidine; trace element; U-Th dating; Yellowstone; caldera; zircon ID PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD; HUCKLEBERRY RIDGE TUFF; CHEVKINITE-GROUP MINERALS; BASIN MEMBER RHYOLITES; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; TI-IN-ZIRCON; TRACE-ELEMENT; SILICIC MAGMA; NEW-ZEALAND; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS AB We constrain the physical nature of the magma reservoir and the mechanisms of rhyolite generation at Yellowstone caldera via detailed characterization of zircon and sanidine crystals hosted in three rhyolites erupted during the (c. 170-70 ka) Central Plateau Member eruptive episode-the most recent post-caldera magmatism at Yellowstone. We present U-238-Th-230 crystallization ages and trace-element compositions of the interiors and surfaces (i.e. unpolished rims) of single zircon crystals from each rhyolite. We compare these zircon data with U-238-Th-230 crystallization ages of bulk sanidine separates coupled with chemical and isotopic data from single sanidine crystals. Zircon age and trace-element data demonstrate that the magma reservoir that sourced the Central Plateau Member rhyolites was long-lived (150-250 kyr) and genetically related to the preceding episode of magmatism, which occurred c. 256 ka. The interiors of most zircons in each rhyolite were inherited from unerupted material related to older stages of Central Plateau Member magmatism or the preceding late Upper Basin Member magmatism (i.e. are antecrysts). Conversely, most zircon surfaces crystallized near the time of eruption from their host liquids (i.e. are autocrystic). The repeated recycling of zircon interiors from older stages of magmatism demonstrates that sequentially erupted Central Plateau Member rhyolites are genetically related. Sanidine separates from each rhyolite yield U-238-Th-230 crystallization ages at or near the eruption age of their host magmas, coeval with the coexisting zircon surfaces, but are younger than the coexisting zircon interiors. Chemical and isotopic data from single sanidine crystals demonstrate that the sanidines in each rhyolite are in equilibrium with their host melts, which considered along with their near-eruption crystallization ages suggests that nearly all Central Plateau Member sanidines are autocrystic. The paucity of antecrystic sanidine crystals relative to antecrystic zircons requires a model in which eruptible rhyolites are generated by extracting melt and zircons from a long-lived mush of immobile crystal-rich magma. In this process the larger sanidine crystals remain trapped in the locked crystal network. The extracted melts (plus antecrystic zircon) amalgamate into a liquid-dominated (i.e. eruptible) magma body that is maintained as a physically distinct entity relative to the bulk of the long-lived crystal mush. Zircon surfaces and sanidines in each rhyolite crystallize after melt extraction and amalgamation, and their ages constrain the residence time of eruptible magmas at Yellowstone. Residence times of the large-volume rhyolites (similar to 40-70 km(3)) are <= 1 kyr (conservatively <6 kyr), which suggests that large volumes of rhyolite can be generated rapidly by extracting melt from a crystal mush. Because the lifespan of the crystal mush that sourced the Central Plateau Member rhyolites is two orders of magnitude longer than the residence time of eruptible magma bodies within the reservoir, it is apparent that the Yellowstone magma reservoir spends most of its time in a largely crystalline (i.e. uneruptible) state, similar to the present-day magma reservoir, and that eruptible magma bodies are ephemeral features. C1 [Stelten, Mark E.; Vazquez, Jorge A.; Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stelten, Mark E.; Cooper, Kari M.] Univ Calif Davis, Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glessner, Justin J. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Interdisciplinary Ctr Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stelten, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mstelten@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1144945]; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists foundation Northern California chapter; University of California, Davis; Geological Society of America graduate student research grant FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1144945 to K.M.C.), Achievement Rewards for College Scientists foundation Northern California chapter (scholarship awarded to M.E.S.), Durrell research grants from the University of California, Davis (awarded to M.E.S.), and a Geological Society of America graduate student research grant (awarded to M.E.S.). NR 97 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1607 EP 1641 DI 10.1093/petrology/egv047 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS1PJ UT WOS:000361838900006 ER PT J AU Stambaugh, MC Hammer, LD Godfrey, R AF Stambaugh, Michael C. Hammer, Lyndia D. Godfrey, Ralph TI Performance of Burn-Severity Metrics and Classification in Oak Woodlands and Grasslands SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; FIRE SEVERITY; WILDFIRE SEVERITY; WILDLAND FIRES; SIERRA-NEVADA; LANDSCAPE; CALIFORNIA; FORESTS; RATIO; USA AB Burn severity metrics and classification have yet to be tested for many eastern U.S. deciduous vegetation types, but, if suitable, would be valuable for documenting and monitoring landscape-scale restoration projects that employ prescribed fire treatments. Here we present a performance analysis of the Composite Burn Index (CBI) and its relationship to spectral data (differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and its relative form (RdNBR)) across an oak woodland - grassland landscape in southwestern Oklahoma, USA. Correlation and regression analyses were used to compare CBI strata, assess models describing burn severity, and determine thresholds for burn severity classes. Confusion matrices were used to assess burn severity classification accuracy. Our findings suggest that dNBR and RdNBR, thresholded using total CBI, can produce an accurate burn severity map in oak woodlands, particularly from an initial assessment period. Lower accuracies occurred for burn severity classifications of grasslands and raises questions related to definitions and detection of burn severity for grasslands, particularly in transition to more densely treed structures such as savannas and woodlands. C1 [Stambaugh, Michael C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hammer, Lyndia D.] Lomakatsi Restorat Project, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Godfrey, Ralph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Indiahoma, OK 73552 USA. RP Stambaugh, MC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM stambaughm@missouri.edu; lyndiahammer@gmail.com; rgodfrey@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service FX This research was funded by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. We thank Paige Schmidt, Walter Munsterman, Dan McDonald, and Jeremy Dixon of the (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for their assistance in study design, training, and fieldwork. Nate Benson (National Park Service) provided critical guidance regarding CBI data collection and analysis and helpful review comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Stephen Howard (USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS)) graciously provided the extended assessment satellite classification data. Fieldwork assistance was provided by Carter Kinkead, Matt Bourscheidt, Ryan Simms, Jonathan Hogg, Michael Womack, Ian Dudley, Michael Johnson, Chris Burgess, and Lydia Tomlinson. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10501 EP 10522 DI 10.3390/rs70810501 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800046 ER PT J AU Walker, J de Beurs, K Wynne, R AF Walker, Jessica de Beurs, Kirsten Wynne, Randolph TI Phenological Response of an Arizona Dryland Forest to Short-Term Climatic Extremes SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; GLOBAL-CHANGE; SEMIARID WOODLAND; NORTHERN ARIZONA; TREE MORTALITY; DIE-OFF; MODIS AB Baseline information about dryland forest phenology is necessary to accurately anticipate future ecosystem shifts. The overarching goal of our study was to investigate the variability of vegetation phenology across a dryland forest landscape in response to climate alterations. We analyzed the influence of site characteristics and climatic conditions on the phenological patterns of an Arizona, USA, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest during a five-year period (2005 to 2009) that encompassed extreme wet and dry precipitation regimes. We assembled 80 synthetic Landsat images by applying the spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion method (STARFM) to 500 m MODIS and 30 m Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data. We tested relationships between site characteristics and the timing of peak Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess the effect of climatic stress on the green-up of individual pixels during or after the summer monsoon. Our results show that drought-induced stress led to a fragmented phenological response that was highly dependent on microsite parameters, as both the spatial autocorrelation of peak timing and the number of significant site variables increased during the drought year. Pixels at lower elevations and with higher proportions of herbaceous vegetation were more likely to exhibit dynamic responses to changes in precipitation conditions. Our study demonstrates the complexity of responses within dryland forest ecosystems and highlights the need for standardized monitoring of phenology trends in these areas. The spatial and temporal variability of phenological signals may provide a quantitative solution to the problem of how to evaluate dryland land surface trends across time. C1 [Walker, Jessica] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [de Beurs, Kirsten] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wynne, Randolph] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Walker, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 North Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jjwalker@usgs.gov; kdebeurs@ou.edu; wynne@vt.edu NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10832 EP 10855 DI 10.3390/rs70810832 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800061 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL AF Gallant, Alisa L. TI The Challenges of Remote Monitoring of Wetlands SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material DE wetlands; water; remote monitoring; remote mapping ID COASTAL WETLANDS; SOUTH FLORIDA; FLOODED VEGETATION; AQUATIC VEGETATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SURFACE-WATER; TRAINING DATA; TIME-SERIES; LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION AB Wetlands are highly productive and support a wide variety of ecosystem goods and services. Various forms of global change impose compelling needs for timely and reliable information on the status of wetlands worldwide, but several characteristics of wetlands make them challenging to monitor remotely: they lack a single, unifying land-cover feature; they tend to be highly dynamic and their energy signatures are constantly changing; and steep environmental gradients in and around wetlands produce narrow ecotones that often are below the resolving capacity of remote sensors. These challenges and needs set the context for a special issue focused on wetland remote sensing. Contributed papers responded to one of three overarching questions aimed at improving remote, large-area monitoring of wetlands: (1) What approaches and data products are being developed specifically to support regional to global long-term monitoring of wetland landscapes? (2) What are the promising new technologies and sensor/multisensor approaches for more accurate and consistent detection of wetlands? (3) Are there studies that demonstrate how remote long-term monitoring of wetland landscapes can reveal changes that correspond with changes in land cover and land use and/or changes in climate? C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gallant@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 19 U2 45 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10938 EP 10950 DI 10.3390/rs70810938 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800066 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC AF Andersen, Douglas C. TI TREE MORTALITY IN MATURE RIPARIAN FOREST: IMPLICATIONS FOR FREMONT COTTONWOOD CONSERVATION IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POPULUS-DELTOIDES; NORTHWEST COLORADO; RIVER REGULATION; DRYLAND RIVER; GREEN RIVER; GROWTH; USA; VEGETATION; REGIMES; ESTABLISHMENT AB Mature tree mortality rates are poorly documented in desert riparian woodlands. I monitored deaths and calculated annual survivorship probability (PS) in 2 groups of large (27-114 cm DBH), old (>= 40 years old) Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii Wats.) in a stand along the free-flowing Yampa River in semiarid northwestern Colorado. P-S = 0.993 year(-1) in a group (n = 126) monitored over 2003-2013, whereas P-S = 0.985 year(-1) in a group (n = 179) monitored over the same period plus 3 earlier years (2000-2003) that included drought and a defoliating insect outbreak. Assuming PS was the same for both groups during the 10-year postdrought period, the data indicate that P-S = 0.958 year(-1) during the drought. I found no difference in canopy dieback level between male and female survivors. Mortality was equal among size classes, suggesting PS is independent of age, but published longevity data imply that either PS eventually declines with age or, as suggested in this study, periods with high PS are interrupted by episodes of increased mortality. Stochastic population models featuring episodes of low PS suggest a potential for an abrupt decline in mature tree numbers where recruitment is low. The modeling results have implications for woodland conservation, especially for relictual stands along regulated desert rivers. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Reclamation FX I thank Mark Nelson, Rick Wydoski, and Marshall Wolfe for help in the field, and the staff of Dinosaur National Monument for permission to conduct this research. Tammy Fancher and Greg Auble provided help with survey data, and Greg Auble and other re viewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 18 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 157 EP 169 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR0AA UT WOS:000360978700003 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, KA Watry, MK Ellison, LE Schwartz, MK Luikart, G AF Schoenecker, Kathryn A. Watry, Mary Kay Ellison, Laura E. Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon TI ESTIMATING BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS) ABUNDANCE USING NONINVASIVE SAMPLING AT A MINERAL LICK WITHIN A NATIONAL PARK WILDERNESS AREA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; POPULATION-SIZE ESTIMATION; MOUNTAIN LION PREDATION; GENOTYPING ERROR RATES; FECAL-DNA; CAPTURE; FECES; PELLETS; DEER; MANAGEMENT AB Conservation of species requires accurate population estimates. We used genetic markers from feces to determine bighorn sheep abundance for a herd that was hypothesized to be declining and in need of population status monitoring. We sampled from a small but accessible portion of the population's range where animals naturally congregate at a natural mineral lick to test whether we could accurately estimate population size by sampling from an area where animals concentrate. We used mark-recapture analysis to derive population estimates, and compared estimates from this smaller spatial sampling to estimates from sampling of the entire bighorn sheep range. We found that estimates were somewhat comparable; in 2009, the mineral lick sample and entire range sample differed by 20 individuals, and in 2010 they differed by only one individual. However, we captured 13 individuals in the entire range sample that were not captured at the mineral lick, and thus violated a model assumption that all individuals had an equal opportunity of being captured. This eliminated the possibility of inferring a total population estimate from just animals visiting the mineral lick, but because estimates were relatively similar, monitoring at the mineral lick can provide a useful index for management and conservation. We compared our results to a radio-collar study conducted in 2003-2004 and confirmed that the population remained stable since 2004. Our population estimates were 78 (CI 62-114) in 2009 and 95 (CI 77-131) in 2010. Between 7 and 11 sampling dates were needed to achieve a CV of 20% for population estimates, assuming a capture probability between 0.09 and 0.13. We relied on citizen science volunteers to maximize data collection and reduce costs; 71% of all fecal samples were collected by volunteers, compared to 29% collected by paid staff. We conclude that our technique provides a useful monitoring tool for managers. The technique could be tested and applied in similar populations where animals congregate with high fidelity at a mineral lick or other area. C1 [Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Watry, Mary Kay] Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Resources Management, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. [Ellison, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Schoenecker, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM schoeneckerk@usgs.gov RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Park Oriented Biological Support Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC; NSF [DEB-1067613, 0742181] FX We are grateful to field technicians and volunteers including G. Althen, J. Ames-Curtis, G. Anderson, G. Appel, G. Baird, C. Bell, B. Bolinger, B. Cairns, L. Campbell, G. Campbell, L. Carr, L. Carr, M. Clapp, M. Cramer, J. Cramer, K. Cronin, J. DeRuiter, E. Ertl, R. Gallardo, C. Gerhard, M. Grether, D. Hay, M. Huba, F. Jacoby, T. Jones, W. Kaesler, J. Kilgore, L. Kilgore, D. Kuntz, S. Lauffer, J. Lawton, K. Long, D. Long, L. Messersmith, G. Miller, J. Murray, M. L. O'Neil, I. Petkash, J. Pina, J. Porter, C. Prickett, F. Renner, K. Snow, A. Strom, R. Stuart, R. Toll, D. Tuttle, S. Tuttle, J. Vida, J. Webster, S. Yates, R. Yates, and members of the Bighorn Brigade for assistance in field sample collections. We thank T. Stanley for assistance with mark-recapture simulations, and J. Visty for overall project support. We thank S. Amish, M. Childs, and K. Pilgrim for assistance with DNA lab analyses. This project was funded by the Park Oriented Biological Support Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC. Support for G. L. was provided in part by NSF grants DEB-1067613 and 0742181. Any use of trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 31 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR0AA UT WOS:000360978700005 ER PT J AU Wu, CQ Guyer, R Shelly, D Trugman, D Frank, W Gomberg, J Johnson, P AF Wu, Chunquan Guyer, Robert Shelly, David Trugman, Daniel Frank, William Gomberg, Joan Johnson, Paul TI Spatial-temporal variation of low-frequency earthquake bursts near Parkfield, California SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Seismicity and tectonics; Continental margins: transform; North America ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SILENT SLIP; TREMOR; SUBDUCTION; RECURRENCE; EVOLUTION; GUERRERO; CASCADIA; BENEATH; MEXICO AB Tectonic tremor (TT) and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) have been found in the deeper crust of various tectonic environments globally in the last decade. The spatial-temporal behaviour of LFEs provides insight into deep fault zone processes. In this study, we examine recurrence times from a 12-yr catalogue of 88 LFE families with similar to 730 000 LFEs in the vicinity of the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) in central California. We apply an automatic burst detection algorithm to the LFE recurrence times to identify the clustering behaviour of LFEs (LFE bursts) in each family. We find that the burst behaviours in the northern and southern LFE groups differ. Generally, the northern group has longer burst duration but fewer LFEs per burst, while the southern group has shorter burst duration but more LFEs per burst. The southern group LFE bursts are generally more correlated than the northern group, suggesting more coherent deep fault slip and relatively simpler deep fault structure beneath the locked section of SAF. We also found that the 2004 Parkfield earthquake clearly increased the number of LFEs per burst and average burst duration for both the northern and the southern groups, with a relatively larger effect on the northern group. This could be due to the weakness of northern part of the fault, or the northwesterly rupture direction of the Parkfield earthquake. C1 [Wu, Chunquan; Johnson, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guyer, Robert] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Shelly, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Trugman, Daniel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Frank, William] IPGP, Seismol Lab, Paris, France. [Gomberg, Joan] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wu, CQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chunquanwu@gmail.com RI Frank, William/C-7249-2016 OI Frank, William/0000-0001-7892-3081 FU USGS; IPGP FX This research was supported by Institutional Support at Los Alamos National Lab (CW, RG, DT and PJ), USGS (DS and JG), and IPGP (WF). We thank Andrew Delorey and Eric Daub for helpful discussions. We thank Abhijit Ghosh and Aaron Wech for their useful comments and suggestions. The HRSN is operated by UC Berkeley. Data were obtained through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC, doi:10.7909/C3WD3xH1). NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 914 EP 919 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv194 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600016 ER PT J AU Cochran, ES Kroll, KA AF Cochran, E. S. Kroll, K. A. TI Stress- and structure-controlled anisotropy in a region of complex faulting-Yuha Desert, California SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Seismicity and tectonics; Seismic anisotropy; Rheology and friction of fault zones; Fractures and faults ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; MAYOR-CUCAPAH EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR-WAVE ANISOTROPY; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; VELOCITY ANISOTROPY; CRUSTAL ANISOTROPY; PARKFIELD-EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; SHALLOW CRUST; NEW-ZEALAND AB We examine shear velocity anisotropy in the Yuha Desert, California using aftershocks of the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. The Yuha Desert is underlain by a complex network of right-and left-lateral conjugate faults, some of which experienced triggered slip during the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. An automated method that implements multiple measurement windows and a range of bandpass filters is used to estimate the fast direction (phi) and delay time (delta t) of the split shear waves. We find an average phi oriented approximately north-south suggesting it is primarily controlled by the regional maximum compressive stress direction. However, the spatial variability in phi reveals that the fault structures that underlie the Yuha Desert also influence the measured splitting parameters. We infer that the northeast-and northwest-oriented phi reflect shear fabric subparallel to the conjugate fault structures. We do not observe a simple correlation between dt and hypocentral distance. Instead, the observed spatial variation in delta t suggests that near-source variation in anisotropic strength may be equal to or more important than effects local to the station. No temporal variation in splitting parameters is observed during the 70-day period following the main shock. In this region of complex faulting, we observe a spatially variable pattern of anisotropy that is both stress-and structure-controlled. This study suggests that shear fabric can formeven along short, discontinuous fault strands with minimal offset. C1 [Cochran, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Kroll, K. A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Cochran, ES (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM ecochran@usgs.gov RI Kroll, Kayla/H-6518-2016 OI Kroll, Kayla/0000-0003-3582-9874 FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We are grateful to the field volunteers from UCR, UCSB and CSUSD who helped install the temporary seismic array, especially J.H. Steidl. The manuscript was improved thanks to reviews from USGS internal reviewers Joan Gomberg and Julian Lozos. And, we thank Martha Savage and an anonymous reviewer who provided constructive reviews for the journal. The temporary deployment installation was funded by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 1109 EP 1121 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv191 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600032 ER PT J AU Brzeski, KE Harrison, RB Waddell, WT Wolf, KN Rabon, DR Taylor, SS AF Brzeski, Kristin E. Harrison, Rebecca B. Waddell, William T. Wolf, Karen N. Rabon, David R., Jr. Taylor, Sabrina S. TI Infectious disease and red wolf conservation: assessment of disease occurrence and associated risks SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Canis rufus; disease management; endangered species; endoparasites; helminths; species richness ID WOLVES CANIS-RUFUS; GULF COASTAL PRAIRIES; WILD MAMMALS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ETHIOPIAN WOLVES; DISTEMPER VIRUS; RANGE EXPANSION; RABIES; PARVOVIRUS; CLIMATE AB Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and may contribute to extinction. As such, establishing baseline disease prevalence in vulnerable species where disease could affect persistence is important to conservation. We assessed potential disease threats to endangered red wolves (Canis rufus) by evaluating regional (southeastern United States) disease occurrences in mammals and parasite prevalence in red wolves and sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans) in North Carolina. Common viral pathogens in the southeast region, such as canine distemper and canine parvovirus, and numerous widespread endoparasites could pose a threat to the red wolf population. The most prevalent parasites in red wolves and sympatric coyotes were heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), and Ehrlichia spp.; several red wolves and coyotes were also positive for bacteria causing Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi). Coyotes had a more species-rich parasite community than red wolves, suggesting they could harbor more parasites and act as a disease reservoir. Species identity and sex did not significantly affect parasite loads, but young canids were less likely to have heartworm and more likely to have high levels of endoparasites. Continued disease monitoring is important for red wolf recovery because low levels of genetic variability may compromise the wolves' abilities to combat novel pathogens from closely related species, such as domestic dogs and coyotes. C1 [Brzeski, Kristin E.; Taylor, Sabrina S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brzeski, Kristin E.; Taylor, Sabrina S.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Harrison, Rebecca B.; Rabon, David R., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Wolf Recovery Program, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. [Waddell, William T.; Wolf, Karen N.] Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407 USA. RP Brzeski, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, RNR 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kbrzes1@lsu.edu FU Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium Dr. Holly Reed Conservation Fund; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; National Science Foundation FX This study was made possible through funding provided by The Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium Dr. Holly Reed Conservation Fund, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and the National Science Foundation. We especially thank Red Wolf Recovery Program biologists A. Beyer, C. Lucash, F. Mauney, M. Morse, and R. Nordsven, who made data collection possible. We are also grateful to the parasitology laboratory at UT College of Veterinary Medicine who were helpful with diagnostic questions. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish & Wildlife Service. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 62 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv080 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ4NW UT WOS:000360582700013 ER PT J AU Quiroga-Carmona, M Woodman, N AF Quiroga-Carmona, Marcial Woodman, Neal TI A new species of Cryptotis (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perija, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Blarinini; Cryptotis thomasi species group; neotropical shrews; Soricinae; Soricomorpha; South America ID SMALL-EARED SHREW; GENUS CRYPTOTIS; SORICOMORPHA SORICIDAE AB The Sierra de Perija is the northern extension of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes and includes part of the border between Colombia and Venezuela. The population of small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae, Cryptotis) inhabiting the Sierra de Perija previously was known from only a single skull from an individual collected in Colombia in 1989. This specimen had been referred to alternatively as C. thomasi and C. meridensis, but a more precise definition of the known Colombian and Venezuelan species of Cryptotis has since excluded the Sierra de Perija population from any named species. The recent collection of a specimen from the Venezuelan slope of Sierra de Perija prompted us to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of this population and determine its relationship with other Andean shrews. Our examination of the available specimens revealed that they possess a unique suite of morphological and morphometrical characters, and we describe the Sierra de Perija population as a new species in the predominantly South American C. thomasi species group. Recognition of this new species adds to our knowledge of this genus in South America and to the biodiversity of the Sierra de Perija. C1 [Quiroga-Carmona, Marcial] Univ Carabobo, Fac Expt Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Biol, Valencia 2005, Venezuela. [Quiroga-Carmona, Marcial] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Quiroga-Carmona, M (reprint author), Univ Carabobo, Fac Expt Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Biol, Valencia 2005, Venezuela. EM marcialquiroga@gmail.com OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU Fundacion Provita through Iniciativa de Especies Amenazadas (IEA) FX We thank the Fundacion Provita for partial sponsorship of this work through Iniciativa de Especies Amenazadas (IEA). We thank the following curators and collections managers for loans or for permission to examine specimens under their care: R. Voss (AMNH); P. Jenkins, L. Tomsett, and R. Portela-Miguez (BMNH); P. Soriano and J. Murillo (CVULA); F. Bisbal and J. Sanchez (EBRG); L. R. Heaney, B. D. Patterson, J. Phelps, and W. T. Stanley (FMNH); A. Cadena and H. Lopez-Arevalo (ICN); R. M. Timm (KU); R. Calchi and D. Prieto (MBLUZ); C. Ferreira and M. Salazar (MBUCV); J. M. Chupasko and M. Omura (MCZ); A. Ferrer (MHNLS); G. Pothet, M. Tranier, and C. Denys, Museum National d'HistoireNaturelle, Paris (MNHN); C. Cuartas-Calles and C. Delgado-V. (MUA); J. Eger and B. Lim (ROM). Special thanks to F. Rojas-Runjaic (MHNLS) for providing the paratype specimen (and its photographs), and J. Molinari for allowing work in his laboratory during this research. G. D'Elia and R. D. Fischer provided valuable comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 4 BP 800 EP 809 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv085 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ4NW UT WOS:000360582700017 ER PT J AU Sauey, BW Amberg, JJ Cooper, ST Grunwald, SK Newton, TJ Haro, RJ AF Sauey, Blake W. Amberg, Jon J. Cooper, Scott T. Grunwald, Sandra K. Newton, Teresa J. Haro, Roger J. TI PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN FRESHWATER MUSSELS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha; digestion; enzyme; Amblema plicata; Lampsilis cardium ID LABORATORY-CULTURED BACTERIA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS; METABOLIC ENZYMES; PROLONGED ANOXIA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SEASONAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VILLOSA-IRIS AB Resource managers lack an effective chemical tool to control the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Zebra mussels clog water intakes for hydroelectric companies, harm unionid mussel species, and are believed to be a reservoir of avian botulism. Little is known about the digestive physiology of zebra mussels and unionid mussels. The enzymatic profile of the digestive glands of zebra mussels and native threeridge (Amblema plicata) and plain pocketbook mussels (Lampsilis cardium) are characterized using a commercial enzyme kit, api ZYM, and validated the kit with reagent-grade enzymes. A linear correlation was shown for only one of nineteen enzymes, tested between the api ZYM kit and a specific enzyme kit. Thus, the api ZYM kit should only be used to make general comparisons of enzyme presence and to observe trends in enzyme activities. Enzymatic trends were seen in the unionid mussel species, but not in zebra mussels sampled 32 days apart from the same location. Enzymatic classes, based on substrate, showed different trends, with proteolytic and phospholytic enzymes having the most change in relative enzyme activity. C1 [Sauey, Blake W.; Cooper, Scott T.; Haro, Roger J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Sauey, Blake W.; Amberg, Jon J.; Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Grunwald, Sandra K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Sauey, BW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM bsauey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; USGS FX This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and the USGS Science Support Program. We thank Jim Luoma, Alissa Ganser, Patricia Ries, and Ashley Hunt for their assistance with mussel collections, and we thank Shelby Storsveen for her help with enzymatic analysis. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.2983/035.034.0225 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500025 ER PT J AU Crosson, LM VanBlaricom, GR White, SJ Friedman, CS AF Crosson, Lisa M. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. White, Samuel J. Friedman, Carolyn S. TI GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ABALONE WITHERING SYNDROME (WS-RLO) VIA SEAWATER SURVEYS FROM WILD AND FARMED POPULATIONS ALONG THE CALIFORNIA COAST SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crosson, Lisa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.; White, Samuel J.; Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 621 EP 621 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500099 ER PT J AU Lavaud, R LaPeyre, M Liste, SMC Bacher, C LaPeyre, J AF Lavaud, Romain LaPeyre, Megan Liste, Sandra M. Casas Bacher, Cedric LaPeyre, Jerome TI QUANTIFYING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, TO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY USING THE DYNAMIC ENERGY BUDGET THEORY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lavaud, Romain] Louisiana State Univ, LSU AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lavaud, Romain] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [LaPeyre, Megan] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,LSU AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Liste, Sandra M. Casas; LaPeyre, Jerome] Louisiana State Univ, LSU AgCtr, Sch Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bacher, Cedric] IFREMER, Ctr Bretagne, Lab Ecol Benth, ZI Pointe Diable,CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 651 EP 651 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500186 ER PT J AU McDonald, PS Ferriss, B Reum, J Harvey, C VanBlaricom, G AF McDonald, P. Sean Ferriss, Bridget Reum, Jonathan Harvey, Christopher VanBlaricom, Glenn TI A MODELING APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF GEODUCK AQUACULTURE ON THE PUGET SOUND FOOD WEB SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Program Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ferriss, Bridget; Reum, Jonathan] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harvey, Christopher] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Branch,Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 660 EP 661 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500215 ER PT J AU McDonald, PS Holsman, K VanBlaricom, G AF McDonald, P. Sean Holsman, Kirstin VanBlaricom, Glenn TI CLAMS IN SPACE AND TIME: COMPARING ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF AQUACULTURE DISTURBANCE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Program Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holsman, Kirstin] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Branch,Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500216 ER PT J AU VanBlaricom, GR Neuman, MJ Witting, DA AF VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Neuman, Melissa J. Witting, David A. TI INDICATIONS OF RECOVERY TRENDS IN THREE SPECIES OF ABALONE IN CALIFORNIA, WITH APPARENT LINKAGES TO OCEAN-SCALE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Neuman, Melissa J.] NOAA, NMFS West Coast Reg, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Witting, David A.] NOAA, NMFS Restorat Ctr, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 686 EP 687 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500289 ER PT J AU Wang, S Neuman, M Busch, S Fried-Man, C Gruenthal, K Gustafson, R Kushner, D Stierhoff, K VanBlaricom, G Wright, S AF Wang, Susan Neuman, Melissa Busch, Shallin Fried-Man, Carolyn Gruenthal, Kristen Gustafson, Rick Kushner, David Stierhoff, Kevin VanBlaricom, Glenn Wright, Sadie TI DECISION-MAKING IN THE FACE OF UNCERTAINTY: AN EVALUATION OF PINTO ABALONE UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Susan; Neuman, Melissa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS West Coast Reg, Long Beach, CA USA. [Busch, Shallin] Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Fried-Man, Carolyn; VanBlaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gruenthal, Kristen; Gustafson, Rick] NMFS Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Montlake, WA USA. [Kushner, David] Natl Pk Serv, Ventura, CA USA. [Stierhoff, Kevin] NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Wright, Sadie] NMFS Alaska Reg, Juneau, AK USA. RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 688 EP 689 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500295 ER PT J AU Brady, DC Testa, JM Cornwell, JC Owens, MS Sanford, LP Newell, RIE Newell, CR Richardson, J Suttles, SE AF Brady, Damian C. Testa, Jeremy M. Cornwell, Jeff C. Owens, Mike S. Sanford, Larry P. Newell, Roger I. E. Newell, Carter R. Richardson, John Suttles, Steve E. TI SEDIMENT FLUX MODELING OF BIVALVE AQUACULTURE SPATIAL IMPACTS ON SEDIMENTS (BASIS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brady, Damian C.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Testa, Jeremy M.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Cornwell, Jeff C.; Owens, Mike S.; Sanford, Larry P.; Newell, Roger I. E.; Suttles, Steve E.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 20613 USA. [Newell, Carter R.] Pemaquid Mussel Farms, Damariscotta, ME 04543 USA. [Richardson, John] Blue Hill Hydraul, Blue Hill, ME 04614 USA. [Suttles, Steve E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 2 BP 703 EP 704 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CQ2DV UT WOS:000360410500318 ER PT J AU Curto, JB Vidotti, RM Blakely, RJ Fuck, RA AF Curto, Julia B. Vidotti, Roberta M. Blakely, Richard J. Fuck, Reinhardt A. TI Crustal framework of the northwest Parana Basin, Brazil: Insights from joint modeling of magnetic and gravity data SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Parana Basin; Transbrasiliano Lineament; Magnetic anomaly; Gravity anomaly; 2D modeling ID SOUTH-AMERICAN PLATFORM; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; BRASILIA BELT; CLYMENE OCEAN; U-PB; ACCRETION; PROVENANCE; BOUNDARY AB The Transbrasiliano Lineament (TBL) is a major Proterozoic strike-slip shear zone crossing the Parana Basin, Brazil, yet the relationship between the TBL and basin structures is poorly understood. Magnetic and gravity data are available from the whole-northwestern region of the Parana Basin and provide insights into crustal partitioning and basement geometry. Joint 2D modeling of these data was performed in three strategic sections of the study area. Two smaller sections were constrained-by available borehole data and receiver function-analysis. Modeling of these sections facilitated modeling of the third, larger NW-SE section, which crosses the basin in an area with significant lack of data. These three sections together form the basis for a preliminary tectonic model of the northern Parana Basin. The TBL includes strong N30 degrees E-trending gravity and magnetic gradients represented by the Serra Negra fault zone. This structure separates two crustal tectonic domains, the Paranapanema Block to the east, and the Amazon paleocontinent to the west. The tectonic domain northeast of the fault is represented by the Arenopolis Magmatic Arc. The N60 degrees-70 degrees E-trending General Cameiro fault, also reflected in gravity anomalies, forms another important magnetic contact. Our tectonic model shows a region of crustal thinning between the two fault zones, where structures associated with possible reactivation form small Cretaceous basins. The Baliza fault may accommodate significant vertical displacements of Devonian and Carboniferous sections of the Parana Basin. The main structures revealed in the sections are associated with grabens and horsts, interpreted as reactivated structures that controlled Parana Basin sedimentation. The northwestern portion of the basin exhibits basement asymmetry caused by dip- and strike-slip faulting along the TBL. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Curto, Julia B.; Vidotti, Roberta M.; Fuck, Reinhardt A.] Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Curto, JB (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Campus Darcy Ribeiro ICC Ala Cent, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM julia.curto@gmail.com RI Vidotti, Roberta/O-8019-2014 OI Vidotti, Roberta/0000-0003-1951-3431 FU FUB/Petrobras [0050.0053151.09.9]; CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; ESRI [2011 MLK 8733] FX We are grateful for the sponsorship of FUB/Petrobras under the cooperation term 0050.0053151.09.9; and to CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico for the grants to JBC and RAF. We also thank ANP - Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis, CPRM - Servico Geologic do Brasil, CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nudear, and SGM/SIC-GO (Secretaria de Industria e Comercio do Estado de Goias) for providing access to geophysical data for academic purposes; GEOSOFT for providing the software Oasis Montaj 8.1; ESRI for providing the tool package ArcGis 10 under the contract no 2011 MLK 8733; IMAGEM for making possible the agreement between IG-UnB (Institut de Geociencias da Universidade de Brasilia) and ESRI; and the Laboratory of Remote Sensing and the Laboratory of Applied Geophysics of the IG-UnB for the use of their facilities. We are grateful to U.S. Geological Survey for providing access to computer and office facilities. Our paper was greatly improved by constructive remarks from two anonymous reviewers. We are particularly grateful to Jonathan Glen, Daniel Scheirer, and professors Elton Dantas and Carlos Alvarenga for their helpful comments and suggestions during the course of this research. We also thank to professors Naomi Ussami, Joao M. M. Neto, Monica Von Huelsen and Lucieth Vieira for their suggestions and reviews, as part of the first author's thesis defense. NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 655 SI 1 BP 58 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.05.011 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ3PD UT WOS:000360513800005 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Sher, AA AF Munson, Seth M. Sher, Anna A. TI Long-term shifts in the phenology of rare and endemic Rocky Mountain plants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Colorado; climate change; endangered and imperiled species; flowering date; herbarium specimens; warming ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HERBARIUM SPECIMENS; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; COLORADO; PHOTOGRAPHS; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; EUROPE; FROST AB PREMISE OF THE STUDY : Mountainous regions support high plant productivity, diversity, and endemism, yet are highly vulnerable to climate change. Historical records and model predictions show increasing temperatures across high elevation regions including the Southern Rocky Mountains, which can have a strong influence on the performance and distribution of montane plant species. Rare plant species can be particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their limited abundance and distribution. METHODS: We tracked the phenology of rare and endemic species, which are identified as imperiled, across three different habitat types with herbarium records to determine if flowering time has changed over the last century, and if phenological change was related to shifts in climate. KEY RESULTS: We found that the flowering date of rare species has accelerated 3.1 d every decade (42 d total) since the late 1800s, with plants in sagebrush interbasins showing the strongest accelerations in phenology. High winter temperatures were associated with the acceleration of phenology in low elevation sagebrush and barren river habitats, whereas high spring temperatures explained accelerated phenology in the high elevation alpine habitat. In contrast, high spring temperatures delayed the phenology of plant species in the two low-elevation habitats and precipitation had mixed effects depending on the season. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence for large shifts in the phenology of rare Rocky Mountain plants related to climate, which can have strong effects on plant fitness, the abundance of associated wildlife, and the future of plant conservation in mountainous regions. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sher, Anna A.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Sher, AA (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, 2190 E Illif Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM anna.sher@du.edu OI Sher, Anna/0000-0002-6433-9746 FU USGS Status and Trends Program; Denver Botanic Gardens; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The authors thank R. Whittney, E. Jackson, R. Robinson, T. Farnham, and F. Aguirre-Wong for compiling the data for this project, A. L. Long for technical assistance, and R. Primack for helpful suggestions. We also acknowledge staff at herbaria across the country, especially the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium, University of Colorado Herbarium, and Colorado State University Herbarium. S. M. M. was supported by the USGS Status and Trends Program and A. A. S. by the Denver Botanic Gardens and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 45 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1268 EP 1276 DI 10.3732/ajb.1500156 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CP9IW UT WOS:000360208700006 PM 26290550 ER PT J AU Kimura, G Ashi, J Kinoshita, M Rowe, C Shelly, D AF Kimura, Gaku Ashi, Juichiro Kinoshita, Masataka Rowe, Christie Shelly, David TI Preface for the special issue of "New Perspective of Subduction Zone Earthquakes" SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NANKAI ACCRETIONARY PRISM; SEISMOGENIC MEGASPLAY FAULT; TECTONIC TREMOR ACTIVITY; JAPAN TRENCH; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; DRILLING PROJECT; PLATE BOUNDARY; NOBEOKA THRUST; SW JAPAN C1 [Kimura, Gaku] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ashi, Juichiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Kinoshita, Masataka] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Rowe, Christie] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Shelly, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kimura, G (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM gaku@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 67 AR 123 DI 10.1186/s40623-015-0236-9 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CQ2JX UT WOS:000360427200001 ER PT J AU Van Eaton, AR Mastin, LG Herzog, M Schwaiger, HF Schneider, DJ Wallace, KL Clarke, AB AF Van Eaton, Alexa R. Mastin, Larry G. Herzog, Michael Schwaiger, Hans F. Schneider, David J. Wallace, Kristi L. Clarke, Amanda B. TI Hail formation triggers rapid ash aggregation in volcanic plumes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; 2009 ERUPTION; PARTICLE AGGREGATION; ACCRETIONARY LAPILLI; NEW-ZEALAND; ST-HELENS; DENSITY; ORIGIN AB During explosive eruptions, airborne particles collide and stick together, accelerating the fallout of volcanic ash and climate-forcing aerosols. This aggregation process remains a major source of uncertainty both in ash dispersal forecasting and interpretation of eruptions from the geological record. Here we illuminate the mechanisms and timescales of particle aggregation from a well-characterized 'wet' eruption. The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, incorporated water from the surface (in this case, a glacier), which is a common occurrence during explosive volcanism worldwide. Observations from C-band weather radar, fall deposits and numerical modelling demonstrate that hail-forming processes in the eruption plume triggered aggregation ofB95% of the fine ash and stripped much of the erupted mass out of the atmosphere within 30 min. Based on these findings, we propose a mechanism of hail-like ash aggregation that contributes to the anomalously rapid fallout of fine ash and occurrence of concentrically layered aggregates in volcanic deposits. C1 [Van Eaton, Alexa R.; Mastin, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Van Eaton, Alexa R.; Clarke, Amanda B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Herzog, Michael] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Schwaiger, Hans F.; Schneider, David J.; Wallace, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Van Eaton, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM avaneaton@usgs.gov FU NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship [EAR1250029]; NASA Ames Supercomputing Center [GID 61233] FX A.R.V.E. acknowledges NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship EAR1250029 and grant GID 61233 from NASA Ames Supercomputing Center. We acknowledge Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand for access to the laser particle size analyzer; Matt Rogers at University of Alaska, Anchorage for use of the freeze dryer; and Samson Cheung at NASA for computing support. Rick Hoblitt is thanked for comments on the manuscript. Integrated Data Viewer (IDV) software from UCAR/Unidata was used in the analysis and visualization of the large-eddy simulation. ASTER GDEM is a product of NASA and METI. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7860 DI 10.1038/ncomms8860 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1FW UT WOS:000360343700001 PM 26235052 ER PT J AU Vandenbroucke, TRA Emsbo, P Munnecke, A Nuns, N Duponchel, L Lepot, K Quijada, M Paris, F Servais, T Kiessling, W AF Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A. Emsbo, Poul Munnecke, Axel Nuns, Nicolas Duponchel, Ludovic Lepot, Kevin Quijada, Melesio Paris, Florentin Servais, Thomas Kiessling, Wolfgang TI Metal-induced malformations in early Palaeozoic plankton are harbingers of mass extinction SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-AMERICA; WESTERN LIBYA; HEAVY-METALS; POLLUTION; CONTAMINATION; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; DEFORMITIES; ACRITARCHS AB Glacial episodes have been linked to Ordovician-Silurian extinction events, but cooling itself may not be solely responsible for these extinctions. Teratological (malformed) assemblages of fossil plankton that correlate precisely with the extinction events can help identify alternate drivers of extinction. Here we show that metal poisoning may have caused these aberrant morphologies during a late Silurian (Pridoli) event. Malformations coincide with a dramatic increase of metals (Fe, Mo, Pb, Mn and As) in the fossils and their host rocks. Metallic toxins are known to cause a teratological response in modern organisms, which is now routinely used as a proxy to assess oceanic metal contamination. Similarly, our study identifies metal-induced teratology as a deep-time, palaeobiological monitor of palaeo-ocean chemistry. The redox-sensitive character of enriched metals supports emerging 'oceanic anoxic event' models. Our data suggest that spreading anoxia and redox cycling of harmful metals was a contributing kill mechanism during these devastating Ordovician-Silurian palaeobiological events. C1 [Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A.; Servais, Thomas] Univ Lille Sci & Technol, CNRS, UMR 8198, Unite Evolut Ecol & Paleontol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Geol & Soil Sci WE13, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Munnecke, Axel; Kiessling, Wolfgang] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Fachgrp Palaoumwelt, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Nuns, Nicolas] Univ Lille Sci & Technol, IMMCL Chevreul, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Duponchel, Ludovic] Univ Lille Sci & Technol, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Lepot, Kevin; Quijada, Melesio] Univ Lille Sci & Technol, CNRS, UMR 8187, Lab Oceanol & Geosci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Paris, Florentin] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6118, Geosci Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Kiessling, Wolfgang] Humboldt Univ, Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Vandenbroucke, TRA (reprint author), Univ Lille Sci & Technol, CNRS, UMR 8198, Unite Evolut Ecol & Paleontol, Ave Paul Langevin,Batiment SN5, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Thijs.vandenbroucke@UGent.be RI Vandenbroucke, Thijs/B-7974-2009; Munnecke, Axel/G-3698-2010; Lepot, Kevin/C-7072-2014; OI Lepot, Kevin/0000-0003-0556-0405; Duponchel, Ludovic/0000-0002-7206-4498 FU CNRS; Regional Council of Nord-Pas de Calais in France; ANR [12-BS06-0014]; Chevreul institute [FR 2638]; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), CNRS; Regional Council of Nord-Pas de Calais; Ministere de l'Education Nationale de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche FX T.R.A.V., M.Q. and K.L. acknowledge the financial support from the CNRS (INSU, action INTERRVIE), and the Regional Council of Nord-Pas de Calais (emergent projects action) in France. T.R.A.V. and T.S. acknowledge the financial support from the ANR through grant 12-BS06-0014 'SeqStrat-Ice'. N.N. acknowledges funding from the Chevreul institute (FR 2638), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), CNRS, the Regional Council of Nord-Pas de Calais and Ministere de l'Education Nationale de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche for the ToF-SIMS spectrometer at the Pole Regional d'Analyses de Surface. Laurence Debeauvais and Philippe Recourt (both CNRS, Univ. Lille) are thanked for the assistance with palynology lab protocols and scanning electron microscope imaging, respectively. Marco Vecoli (Saudi Aramco) is acknowledged for providing access to samples. This is a contribution to IGCP 591 'The early to middle Palaeozoic revolution'. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7966 DI 10.1038/ncomms8966 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1HC UT WOS:000360346900007 PM 26305681 ER PT J AU Kolak, JJ Hackley, PC Ruppert, LF Warwick, PD Burruss, RC AF Kolak, Jonathan J. Hackley, Paul C. Ruppert, Leslie F. Warwick, Peter D. Burruss, Robert C. TI Using Ground and Intact Coal Samples To Evaluate Hydrocarbon Fate during Supercritical CO2 Injection into Coal Beds: Effects of Particle Size and Coal Moisture SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LOW-RANK COAL; BLACK WARRIOR BASIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SORPTION ISOTHERMS; NATURAL ANALOG; BOWEN BASIN; GAS CONTENT; WATER; METHANE AB To investigate the potential for mobilizing organic compounds from coal beds during geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage (sequestration), a series of solvent extractions using dichloromethane (DCM) and using supercritical CO2 (40 C and 10 MPa) were conducted on a set of coal samples collected from Louisiana and Ohio. The coal samples studied range in rank from lignite A to high volatile A bituminous, and were characterized using proximate, ultimate, organic petrography, and sorption isotherm analyses. Sorption isotherm analyses of gaseous CO2 and methane show a general increase in gas storage capacity with coal rank, consistent with findings from previous studies. In the solvent extractions, both dry, ground coal samples and moist, intact core plug samples were used to evaluate effects of variations in particle size and moisture content. Samples were spiked with perdeuterated surrogate compounds prior to extraction, and extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The DCM extracts generally contained the highest concentrations of organic compounds, indicating the existence of additional hydrocarbons within the coal matrix that were not mobilized during supercritical CO2 extractions. Concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds measured in supercritical CO2 extracts of core plug samples generally are lower than concentrations in corresponding extracts of dry, ground coal samples, due to differences in particle size and moisture content. Changes in the amount of extracted compounds and in surrogate recovery measured during consecutive supercritical CO2 extractions of core plug samples appear to reflect the transition from a water-wet to a CO2-wet system. Changes in coal core plug mass during supercritical CO2 extraction range from 3.4% to 14%, indicating that a substantial portion of coal moisture is retained in the low-rank coal samples. Moisture retention within core plug samples, especially in low-rank coals, appears to inhibit accessibility of supercritical CO2 to coal matrix porosity, limiting the extent to which hydrocarbons are mobilized. Conversely, the enhanced recovery of some surrogates from core plugs relative to dry, ground coal samples might indicate that, once mobilized, supercritical CO2 is capable of transporting these constituents through coal beds. These results underscore the need for using intact coal samples, and for better characterization of forms of water in coal, to understand fate and transport of organic compounds during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds. C1 [Kolak, Jonathan J.; Hackley, Paul C.; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Warwick, Peter D.; Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kolak, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkolak@usgs.gov OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522; Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 FU USGS Energy Resources Program; Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program FX This work was supported through the USGS Energy Resources and Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Programs. We thank Paul Lillis (USGS), Sharon Swanson (USGS), Jack Pashin (Oklahoma State University), and one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive peer reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 5187 EP 5203 DI 10.1021/ef502611d PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VQ UT WOS:000360026700058 ER PT J AU Tsehaye, I Jones, ML Irwin, BJ Fielder, DG Breck, JE Luukkonen, DR AF Tsehaye, Iyob Jones, Michael L. Irwin, Brian J. Fielder, David G. Breck, James E. Luukkonen, David R. TI A PREDICTIVE MODEL TO INFORM ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS AND FISHERIES IN MICHIGAN SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Phalacrocorax auritus; bird-fisheries interactions; multispecies model; double-crested cormorant control; adaptive management ID ONEIDA LAKE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; YELLOW PERCH; NEW-YORK; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; EXPERT OPINION; GREAT-LAKES; WALLEYE; CONSERVATION; MORTALITY AB The proliferation of double-crested cormorants (DCCOs; Phalacrocorax auritus) in North America has raised concerns over their potential negative impacts on game, cultured and forage fishes, island and terrestrial resources, and other colonial water birds, leading to increased public demands to reduce their abundance. By combining fish surplus production and bird functional feeding response models, we developed a deterministic predictive model representing bird-fish interactions to inform an adaptive management process for the control of DCCOs in multiple colonies in Michigan. Comparisons of model predictions with observations of changes in DCCO numbers under management measures implemented from 2004 to 2012 suggested that our relatively simple model was able to accurately reconstruct past DCCO population dynamics. These comparisons helped discriminate among alternative parameterizations of demographic processes that were poorly known, especially site fidelity. Using sensitivity analysis, we also identified remaining critical uncertainties (mainly in the spatial distributions of fish vs. DCCO feeding areas) that can be used to prioritize future research and monitoring needs. Model forecasts suggested that continuation of existing control efforts would be sufficient to achieve long-term DCCO control targets in the state and that DCCO control may be necessary to achieve management goals for some DCCO-impacted fisheries in Michigan. Finally, our model can be extended by accounting for parametric or ecological uncertainty and including more complex assumptions on DCCO-fish interactions as part of the adaptive management process. C1 [Tsehaye, Iyob; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Breck, James E.] Fisheries Res Inst, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Luukkonen, David R.] Rose Lake Res Ctr, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Tsehaye, I (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM iyob.tsehaye@wisconsin.gov; jonesm30@msu.edu; irwin@uga.edu; fielderd@michigan.gov; breck@umich.edu; luukkonend@michigan.gov FU Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division; US Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division. We thank the other members of the DCCO Adaptive Management Working Group (Peter Butchko, Karen Cleveland, and Steven Scott) for their valuable input during the series of meetings to identify, acquire and analyze available DCCO and fisheries data to inform our model development. We extend our thanks to Brian Langseth for providing constructive feedback on this paper. Shane Flinn assisted in conducting model sensitivity analysis and summarizing results. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the US Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is publication 2015-14 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 3 BP 348 EP 376 DI 10.1111/nrm.12071 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA CP7UT UT WOS:000360094900007 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Koontz, S Miller, H Richardson, L AF Loomis, John Koontz, Steve Miller, Holly Richardson, Leslie TI Valuing Geospatial Information: Using the Contingent Valuation Method to Estimate the Economic Benefits of Landsat Satellite Imagery SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COMPARING RESPONSE RATES; METAANALYSIS; GOODS; WEB AB While the U.S. government does not charge for downloading Landsat images, the images have value to users. This paper demonstrates a method that can value Landsat and other imagery to users. A survey of downloaders of Landsat images found: (a) established US users have a mean value of $912 USD per scene; (b) new US users and users returning when imagery became free have a mean value of $367 USD per scene. Total US user benefits for the 2.38 million scenes downloaded is $1.8 billion USD. While these benefits indicate a high willingness-to-pay among many Landsat downloaders, it would be economically inefficient for the US government to charge for Landsat imagery. Charging a price of $100 USD a scene would result in an efficiency loss of $37.5 million a year. This economic information should be useful to policy-makers who must decide about the future of this and similar remote sensing programs. C1 [Loomis, John; Koontz, Steve] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, Holly; Richardson, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Loomis@colostate.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 IS 8 BP 647 EP 656 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CO9MU UT WOS:000359500700009 ER PT J AU Lee, CTA Morton, DM Farner, MJ Moitrai, P AF Lee, Cin-Ty A. Morton, Douglas M. Farner, Michael J. Moitrai, Pranabendu TI Field and model constraints on silicic melt segregation by compaction/hindered settling: The role of water and its effect on latent heat release SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Granite; rhyolite; batholith; pluton; cumulate; compaction; settling; xenolith ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; S-TYPE GRANITES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; MAGMA CHAMBERS; ISLAND-ARC; LIQUID IMMISCIBILITY; PENINSULAR RANGES; BULK COMPOSITION; BAJA-CALIFORNIA AB To investigate how large volumes of silicic melts segregate to form granitic plutons, we conducted a case study of a zoned pluton, in which SiO2 increases from intermediate (69 wt%) to highly silicic compositions (74 wt%) toward the contact with metasedimentary wallrock in the outer 25 m of the pluton. All other major, minor, and trace elements vary systematically with SiO2 and indicate that outward increasing SiO2 is due to a decrease in mafic elements and minerals. Whole-rock oxygen isotopes and elemental variation diagrams do not support mixing with wallrock as an explanation for the Si-rich boundary layer. Instead, mafic enclaves, which are common in the pluton, also decrease in abundance in the outer 25 m of the pluton, suggesting a mechanical origin for the Si-rich boundary layer. The coupling of mechanical and geochemical boundary layers, combined with geochemical modeling, indicate that the silica-rich, enclave-poor boundary layer formed by hindered settling or compaction of a crystal-rich (crystal fractions >60%) magmatic mush. Segregation of melts at high crystal fraction is known to be a slow process. However, petrography and Zr-based thermometry indicate that the residual Si-rich liquids were water-saturated. Water decreases melt viscosity, which helps expulsion, but equally importantly, water also delays much of the latent heat release to late in the thermal and crystallization history of a cooling magma. We show that the higher the water content, the longer the time interval over which a magma chamber resides at the stage when water-saturated, high-silica liquids form, allowing sufficient time for exfiltration of silicic liquids before the magma body freezes. C1 [Lee, Cin-Ty A.; Farner, Michael J.; Moitrai, Pranabendu] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Lee, CTA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS-126,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ctlee@rice.edu FU NSF [OCE-1338842] FX We thank Tien Chang Lee, Helge Gonnermann, Olivier Bachmann, Monica Erdman, and Michael Manga for discussions. Guilherme Gualda, Jonathan Miller and Calvin Miller are thanked for insightful reviews. This work was supported by NSF OCE-1338842. NR 124 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 18 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2015 VL 100 IS 8-9 BP 1762 EP 1777 DI 10.2138/am-2015-5121 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CO9RB UT WOS:000359512100010 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Sumner, DY Alpers, CN Karunatillake, S Hofmann, BA AF Williams, Amy J. Sumner, Dawn Y. Alpers, Charles N. Karunatillake, Suniti Hofmann, Beda A. TI Preserved Filamentous Microbial Biosignatures in the Brick Flat Gossan, Iron Mountain, California SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; THERMAL-SPRING DEPOSITS; WEST-SHASTA DISTRICT; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SULFATE MINERALS; SUPERFUND SITE; DRUMMOND BASIN; FOSSIL RECORD AB A variety of actively precipitating mineral environments preserve morphological evidence of microbial biosignatures. One such environment with preserved microbial biosignatures is the oxidized portion of a massive sulfide deposit, or gossan, such as that at Iron Mountain, California. This gossan may serve as a mineralogical analogue to some ancient martian environments due to the presence of oxidized iron and sulfate species, and minerals that only form in acidic aqueous conditions, in both environments. Evaluating the potential biogenicity of cryptic textures in such martian gossans requires an understanding of how microbial textures form biosignatures on Earth. The iron-oxide-dominated composition and morphology of terrestrial, nonbranching filamentous microbial biosignatures may be distinctive of the underlying formation and preservation processes. The Iron Mountain gossan consists primarily of ferric oxide (hematite), hydrous ferric oxide (HFO, predominantly goethite), and jarosite group minerals, categorized into in situ gossan, and remobilized iron deposits. We interpret HFO filaments, found in both gossan types, as HFO-mineralized microbial filaments based in part on (1) the presence of preserved central filament lumina in smooth HFO mineral filaments that are likely molds of microbial filaments, (2) mineral filament formation in actively precipitating iron-oxide environments, (3) high degrees of mineral filament bending consistent with a flexible microbial filament template, and (4) the presence of bare microbial filaments on gossan rocks. Individual HFO filaments are below the resolution of the Mars Curiosity and Mars 2020 rover cameras, but sinuous filaments forming macroscopic matlike textures are resolvable. If present on Mars, available cameras may resolve these features identified as similar to terrestrial HFO filaments and allow subsequent evaluation for their biogenicity by synthesizing geochemical, mineralogical, and morphological analyses. Sinuous biogenic filaments could be preserved on Mars in an iron-rich environment analogous to Iron Mountain, with the Pahrump Hills region and Hematite Ridge in Gale Crater as tentative possibilities. Key Words: Geobiology-Biosignatures-Filaments-Mars-Microbial fossils. Astrobiology 15, 637-668. C1 [Williams, Amy J.; Sumner, Dawn Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Karunatillake, Suniti] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hofmann, Beda A.] Burgergemeinde Bern, Nat Hist Museum, Bern, Switzerland. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amy.j.williams@nasa.gov RI Karunatillake, Suniti/A-5934-2009; OI Karunatillake, Suniti/0000-0001-9891-1432; Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX11AQ51H]; UCD Geology department FX This work is supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program Grant NNX11AQ51H and by the UCD Geology department Durrell Funds. Thanks to Iron Mountain operations, USEPA, USGS, T. Arman and IMM Inc., J. Peterson and T. Mackey for field assistance, A. Phan and D. McKim for assistance with filament morphology measurements, R. Southard, F. Hayes and I. Delusina for laboratory assistance. We thank Robert Bowell, Jane Hammarstrom, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped strengthen the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 637 EP 668 DI 10.1089/ast.2014.1235 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA CP0VI UT WOS:000359593800003 PM 26247371 ER PT J AU Martin, PD Douglas, DC Obritschkewitsch, T Torrence, S AF Martin, Philip D. Douglas, David C. Obritschkewitsch, Tim Torrence, Shannon TI Distribution and movements of Alaska-breeding Steller's Eiders in the nonbreeding period SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Steller's Eider; Endangered Species Act; threatened; marine habitat; satellite telemetry; Alaska; distribution; movements ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; POLYSTICTA-STELLERI; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; NORTHERN NORWAY; SITE FIDELITY; HABITAT USE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; BERING-SEA; KING-EIDER; MIGRATION AB Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) that breed in Alaska, USA, are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), yet the degree to which these individuals segregate during the nonbreeding period from conspecifics that nest in Russia is unknown. Likewise, very little is known about the timing of use and distribution of autumn migration routes, stopover sites, and molting and wintering areas by the Alaska-breeding population. To address this information need, we implanted 14 Steller's Eiders with satellite transmitters in 2000 and 2001 at their primary Alaskan breeding grounds near Barrow. We found no evidence for segregation of the Alaska-breeding population in midwinter because locations were well-distributed along the Alaska Peninsula, congruent with prevailing knowledge about the wintering distribution of Steller's Eiders that breed in Russia. During the wing molt, from late August to early October, 7 of 13 individuals used Kuskokwim Shoals, corroborating the importance of this area and its designation as critical habitat under the ESA. Steller's Eiders are generally described as preferring shallow waters <10 m deep, but our winter tracking data clearly documented occupancy of deeper offshore waters. Steller's Eiders frequently used up to 30-m deep water almost exclusively at night during winter. We speculate that nighttime occupancy of deeper water habitats may be for resting and/or for consumption of zooplankton species, such as euphausiids, that are abundant and well known for their nocturnal vertical migrations in the water column. C1 [Martin, Philip D.; Obritschkewitsch, Tim; Torrence, Shannon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. RP Douglas, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. EM ddouglas@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Air Force FX Funding for purchase of transmitters and satellite data was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Air Force. None of the funders had any input into the content of the manuscript, nor did they require approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. This paper was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp). Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 3 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-165.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CP2WR UT WOS:000359738900004 ER PT J AU Hostetter, NJ Gardner, B Schweitzer, SH Boettcher, R Wilke, AL Addison, L Swilling, WR Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Hostetter, Nathan J. Gardner, Beth Schweitzer, Sara H. Boettcher, Ruth Wilke, Alexandra L. Addison, Lindsay Swilling, William R. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI Repeated count surveys help standardize multi-agency estimates of American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) abundance SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; detection probability; Haematopus palliatus; population size; N-mixture models ID BINOMIAL MIXTURE-MODELS; REPLICATED COUNTS; POPULATION TRENDS; BREEDING STATUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; VIRGINIA; MARYLAND; SUCCESS; SIZE AB The extensive breeding range of many shorebird species can make integration of survey data problematic at regional spatial scales. We evaluated the effectiveness of standardized repeated count surveys coordinated across 8 agencies to estimate the abundance of American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) breeding pairs in the southeastern United States. Breeding season surveys were conducted across coastal North Carolina (90 plots) and the Eastern Shore of Virginia (3 plots). Plots were visited on 1-5 occasions during April-June 2013. N-mixture models were used to estimate abundance and detection probability in relation to survey date, tide stage, plot size, and plot location (coastal bay vs. barrier island). The estimated abundance of oystercatchers in the surveyed area was 1,048 individuals (95% credible interval: 851-1,408) and 470 pairs (384-637), substantially higher than estimates that did not account for detection probability (maximum counts of 674 individuals and 316 pairs). Detection probability was influenced by a quadratic function of survey date, and increased from mid-April (similar to 0.60) to mid-May (similar to 0.80), then remained relatively constant through June. Detection probability was also higher during high tide than during low, rising, or falling tides. Abundance estimates from N-mixture models were validated at 13 plots by exhaustive productivity studies (2-5 surveys wk(-1)). Intensive productivity studies identified 78 breeding pairs across 13 productivity plots while the N-mixture model abundance estimate was 74 pairs (62-119) using only 1-5 replicated surveys season(-1). Our results indicate that standardized replicated count surveys coordinated across multiple agencies and conducted during a relatively short time window (closure assumption) provide tremendous potential to meet both agency-level (e.g., state) and regional-level (e.g., flyway) objectives in large-scale shorebird monitoring programs. C1 [Hostetter, Nathan J.; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schweitzer, Sara H.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Wildlife Div Program, New Bern, NC USA. [Boettcher, Ruth] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Machipongo, VA USA. [Wilke, Alexandra L.] Nat Conservancy Virginia Virginia Coast Reserve, Nassawadox, VA USA. [Addison, Lindsay] Audubon North Carolina, Wilmington, NC USA. [Swilling, William R.] Cape Hatteras Natl Seashore, Manteo, NC USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hostetter, NJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM njhostet@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina State University Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources FX Funding for field data collection was provided by each respective agency, while funding for analysis and write-up was provided by North Carolina State University Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 3 BP 354 EP 363 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-185.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CP2WR UT WOS:000359738900005 ER PT J AU Aldinger, KR Wood, PB AF Aldinger, Kyle R. Wood, Petra B. TI Variables associated with detection probability, detection latency, and behavioral responses of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE distance; playback; point count; population estimate; season; song; time ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; PLAYBACK EXPERIMENTS; SPECIES SONG; HYBRIDIZATION; REMOVAL; DESIGN; MODEL AB Detection probability during point counts and its associated variables are important considerations for bird population monitoring and have implications for conservation planning by influencing population estimates. During 2008-2009, we evaluated variables hypothesized to be associated with detection probability, detection latency, and behavioral responses of male Golden-winged Warblers in pastures in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, USA. This is the first study of male Golden-winged Warbler detection probability, detection latency, or behavioral response based on point-count sampling with known territory locations and identities for all males. During 3-min passive point counts, detection probability decreased as distance to a male's territory and time since sunrise increased. During 3-min point counts with playback, detection probability decreased as distance to a male's territory increased, but remained constant as time since sunrise increased. Detection probability was greater when point counts included type 2 compared with type 1 song playback, particularly during the first 2 min of type 2 song playback. Golden-winged Warblers primarily use type 1 songs ( often zee bee bee bee with a higher-pitched first note) in intersexual contexts and type 2 songs ( strident, rapid stutter ending with a lower-pitched buzzy note) in intrasexual contexts. Distance to a male's territory, ordinal date, and song playback type were associated with the type of behavioral response to song playback. Overall, similar to 2 min of type 2 song playback may increase the efficacy of point counts for monitoring populations of Golden-winged Warblers by increasing the conspicuousness of males for visual identification and offsetting the consequences of surveying later in the morning. Because playback may interfere with the ability to detect distant males, it is important to follow playback with a period of passive listening. Our results indicate that even in relatively open pasture vegetation, detection probability of male Golden-winged Warblers is imperfect and highly variable. C1 [Aldinger, Kyle R.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra B.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Aldinger, KR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM kaldinge@mix.wvu.edu FU WVDNR Wildlife Diversity Program; USFS Monongahela National Forest; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the WVDNR Wildlife Diversity Program, USFS Monongahela National Forest, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Program. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript. None of our funders require approval of the final manuscript for publication. Use of tradenames or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 3 BP 364 EP 375 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-142.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CP2WR UT WOS:000359738900006 ER PT J AU Peterson, SM Streby, HM Lehman, JA Kramer, GR Fish, AC Andersen, DE AF Peterson, Sean M. Streby, Henry M. Lehman, Justin A. Kramer, Gunnar R. Fish, Alex C. Andersen, David E. TI High-tech or field techs: Radio-telemetry is a cost-effective method for reducing bias in songbird nest searching SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE bias; cost effectiveness; Golden-winged Warbler; nest searching; radio-telemetry; Vermivora chrysoptera ID GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; SEASONAL PRODUCTIVITY; VERMIVORA-CHRYSOPTERA; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; PARASITISM; MOUNTAINS; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE AB We compared the efficacy of standard nest-searching methods with finding nests via radio-tagged birds to assess how search technique influenced our determination of nest-site characteristics and nest success for Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera). We also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using radio-tagged birds to find nests. Using standard nest-searching techniques for 3 populations, we found 111 nests in locations with habitat characteristics similar to those described in previous studies: edges between forest and relatively open areas of early successional vegetation or shrubby wetlands, with 43% within 5 m of forest edge. The 83 nests found using telemetry were about half as likely (23%) to be within 5 m of forest edge. We spent little time searching >25 m into forest because published reports state that Golden-winged Warblers do not nest there. However, 14 nests found using telemetry (18%) were >25 m into forest. We modeled nest success using nest-searching method, nest age, and distance to forest edge as explanatory variables. Nest-searching method explained nest success better than nest age alone; we estimated that nests found using telemetry were 10% more likely to fledge young than nests found using standard nest-searching methods. Although radio-telemetry was more expensive than standard nest searching, the cost-effectiveness of both methods differed depending on searcher experience, amount of equipment owned, and bird population density. Our results demonstrate that telemetry can be an effective method for reducing bias in Golden-winged Warbler nest samples, can be cost competitive with standard nest-searching methods in some situations, and is likely to be a useful approach for finding nests of other forest-nesting songbirds. C1 [Peterson, Sean M.; Kramer, Gunnar R.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lehman, Justin A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Fish, Alex C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Peterson, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sean.michael.peterson@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through Research Work at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [87] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through Research Work Order No. 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. None of the funders had any input into the content of the manuscript, nor did they require approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. This paper was reviewed and approved by the USGS under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp). The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or University of Minnesota. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 3 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-124.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CP2WR UT WOS:000359738900008 ER PT J AU Schaefer, AL Lukacs, PM Kissling, ML AF Schaefer, Anne L. Lukacs, Paul M. Kissling, Michelle L. TI Testing factors influencing identification rates of similar species during abundance surveys SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus murrelet; Kittlitz's Murrelet; misidentification; partial identification; at-sea surveys ID MURRELET BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; KITTLITZS MURRELET; GLACIER BAY; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; MARBLED MURRELETS; POPULATION TREND; BIRD SURVEYS; MISIDENTIFICATION; MIGRATION AB Most abundance estimation methods assume that all sampled individuals are identified correctly. In practice, this assumption may be difficult to meet and can bias abundance estimates, especially when morphologically similar species overlap in range. Over the past 2 decades, Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) populations appear to have declined across parts of their Alaskan range, where they co-occur with the Marbled Murrelet (B. marmoratus). Recently, the reliability of Kittlitz's Murrelet declines has been questioned due to variability and uncertainty in species identification between the 2 species. We conducted a field experiment to quantify misidentification and partial identification (identification to genus [Brachyramphus] level only) of Kittlitz's and Marbled murrelets during abundance surveys, and to evaluate the relative impacts of environmental and observational factors on misidentification and partial identification. We applied these results to previously collected survey data to measure the potential bias of abundance estimates resulting from varying identification rates. Overall, the misidentification rate during our field experiment was 0.036 +/- 0.004 (SE), with observer experience best explaining the variation. Abundance estimates adjusted for misidentification reflected little bias. The overall partial identification rate was much higher than the misidentification rate (0.211 +/- 0.007 SE). Partial identification rates increased in choppy sea states, with greater observation distances, and when murrelets exhibited diving behavior; rates decreased with increased observer experience and when murrelets exhibited flushing behavior. Because observer experience was an important driver of both misidentification and partial identification, we stress the importance of conducting rigorous observer training before and during surveys to increase confidence in species identification and precision in abundance estimates. The methods developed in this study could be modified for any at-sea survey scenario to measure identification rates and the factors influencing these rates. Results may reveal important relationships for adjusting survey protocols to increase confidence in species identification and thereby to increase the precision of abundance estimates. C1 [Schaefer, Anne L.; Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kissling, Michelle L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Schaefer, AL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM annelschaef@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service; University of Montana FX This research was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, and University of Montana. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the manuscript nor required approval of the final manuscript to be published. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2015 VL 117 IS 3 BP 460 EP 472 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-14-143.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CP2WR UT WOS:000359738900013 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Breshears, DD McDowell, NG AF Allen, Craig D. Breshears, David D. McDowell, Nate G. TI On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon starvation; climate change; CO2 fertilization; drought; ESA Centennial Paper; extreme events; forest die-off; forests; hydraulic failure; insect pests; pathogens; tree mortality; woodlands ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WOODY PLANT MORTALITY; CANADA BOREAL FORESTS; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT AB Patterns, mechanisms, projections, and consequences of tree mortality and associated broadscale forest die-off due to drought accompanied by warmer temperatures-"hotter drought'', an emerging characteristic of the Anthropocene-are the focus of rapidly expanding literature. Despite recent observational, experimental, and modeling studies suggesting increased vulnerability of trees to hotter drought and associated pests and pathogens, substantial debate remains among research, management and policy-making communities regarding future tree mortality risks. We summarize key mortality-relevant findings, differentiating between those implying lesser versus greater levels of vulnerability. Evidence suggesting lesser vulnerability includes forest benefits of elevated [CO2] and increased water-use efficiency; observed and modeled increases in forest growth and canopy greening; widespread increases in woody-plant biomass, density, and extent; compensatory physiological, morphological, and genetic mechanisms; dampening ecological feedbacks; and potential mitigation by forest management. In contrast, recent studies document more rapid mortality under hotter drought due to negative tree physiological responses and accelerated biotic attacks. Additional evidence suggesting greater vulnerability includes rising background mortality rates; projected increases in drought frequency, intensity, and duration; limitations of vegetation models such as inadequately represented mortality processes; warming feedbacks from die-off; and wildfire synergies. Grouping these findings we identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape the vulnerability debate but have not been discussed collectively. We also present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) warming produces hotter droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter drought, consistent with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter droughts occur more frequently than longer droughts and can become lethal under warming, increasing the frequency of lethal drought nonlinearly; and (6) mortality happens rapidly relative to growth intervals needed for forest recovery. These high-confidence drivers, in concert with research supporting greater vulnerability perspectives, support an overall viewpoint of greater forest vulnerability globally. We surmise that mortality vulnerability is being discounted in part due to difficulties in predicting threshold responses to extreme climate events. Given the profound ecological and societal implications of underestimating global vulnerability to hotter drought, we highlight urgent challenges for research, management, and policy-making communities. C1 [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM craig_allen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the USGS Western Mountain Initiative project); International Network Support from The Leverhume Trust; NSF [EF-1340624, EAR-1331408]; Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station; Murdoch University Visiting Distinguished Collaborator award; DOE Department of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and Laboratory Directed Research and Development FX Our perspectives have benefited from countless discussions through the years with many colleagues around the world, including participants in the International Interdisciplinary Workshop on Tree Mortality (Jena, Germany, October 2014), and colleagues in the project "Assessing ecosystem recovery after extreme drought-related dieback events world-wide'' (A. Jump, R. Fensham, S. Greenwood, T. Kitzberger, F. Lloret, J. Martinez-Vilalta, and P. Ruiz-Benito). For this paper we particularly acknowledge discussions with and comments from D. Eamus, C. Haffey, G. Hardy, H. Hartmann, A. Huete, J. Fontain, T. Huxman, A. Macalady, M. Perring, B. Poulter, K. Ruthrof, T. Swetnam, D. Tissue, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the USGS Western Mountain Initiative project), and International Network Support from The Leverhume Trust (C. D. Allen); NSF EF-1340624 and EAR-1331408, Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station, and a Murdoch University Visiting Distinguished Collaborator award (D. D. Breshears); and DOE Department of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and Laboratory Directed Research and Development (N. G. McDowell). Figure support by Donald Montoya; table and reference support by Collin Haffey and Alanna Jornigan. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 407 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 79 U2 267 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 AR 129 DI 10.1890/ES15-00203.1 PG 55 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP1ON UT WOS:000359645200001 ER PT J AU Bennett, SEK Oskin, ME Dorsey, RJ Iriondo, A Kunk, MJ AF Bennett, Scott E. K. Oskin, Michael E. Dorsey, Rebecca J. Iriondo, Alexander Kunk, Michael J. TI Stratigraphy and structural development of the southwest Isla Tiburon marine basin: Implications for latest Miocene tectonic opening and flooding of the northern Gulf of California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT; AMERICA PLATE MOTION; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; SANTA-ROSALIA BASIN; U-PB; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NEOGENE STRATIGRAPHY; COASTAL SONORA; LORETO BASIN AB Accurate information on the timing of earliest marine incursion into the Gulf of California (northwestern Mexico) is critical for paleogeographic models and for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of strain accommodation across the obliquely divergent Pacific-North America plate boundary. Marine strata exposed on southwest Isla Tiburon (SWIT) have been cited as evidence for a middle Miocene marine incursion into the Gulf of California at least 7 m.y. prior to plate boundary localization ca. 6 Ma. A middle Miocene interpretation for SWIT marine deposits has played a large role in subsequent interpretations of regional tectonics and rift evolution, the ages of marine basins containing similar fossil assemblages along similar to 1300 km of the plate boundary, and the timing of marine incursion into the Gulf of California. We report new detailed geologic mapping and geochronologic data from the SWIT basin, an elongate sedimentary basin associated with deformation along the dextral-oblique La Cruz fault. We integrate these results with previously published biostratigraphic and geochronologic data to bracket the age of marine deposits in the SWIT basin and show that they have a total maximum thickness of similar to 300 m. The 6.44 +/- 0.05 Ma (Ar/Ar) tuff of Hast Pitzcal is an ash-flow tuff stratigraphically below the oldest marine strata, and the 6.01 +/- 0.20 Ma (U/Pb) tuff of Oyster Amphitheater, also an ash-flow tuff, is interbedded with marine conglomerate near the base of the marine section. A dike-fed rhyodacite lava flow that caps all marine strata yields ages of 3.51 +/- 0.05 Ma (Ar/Ar) and 4.13 +/- 0.09 Ma (U/Pb) from the base of the flow, consistent with previously reported ages of 4.16 +/- 1.81 Ma (K-Ar) from the flow top and (K-Ar) 3.7 +/- 0.9 Ma from the feeder dike. Our new results confirm a latest Miocene to early Pliocene age for the SWIT marine basin, consistent with previously documented latest Miocene to early Pliocene (ca. 6.2-4.3 Ma) planktonic and benthic foraminifera from this section. Results from biostratigraphy and geochronology thus constrain earliest marine deposition on SWIT to ca. 6.2 +/- 0.2 Ma, coincident with a regional-scale latest Miocene marine incursion into the northern proto-Gulf of California. This regional marine incursion flooded the northernmost, >500-km-long portion of the Gulf of California shear zone, a narrow belt of localized strike-slip faulting, clockwise block rotation, and subsiding pull-apart basins. Oblique Pacific-North America relative plate motion gradually localized in the >1000-km-long Gulf of California shear zone ca. 9-6 Ma, subsequently permitting the punctuated south to north flooding of the incipient Gulf of California seaway. C1 [Bennett, Scott E. K.; Oskin, Michael E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bennett, Scott E. K.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dorsey, Rebecca J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Juriquilla 76230, Queretaro, Mexico. [Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bennett, SEK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 2119 Earth & Phys Sci,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sekbennett@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0739017, EAR-0904337, EAR-0738723, EAR-0948170]; Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas; native Cumcaac (Seri) tribe FX Funding from the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-0739017 and EAR-0904337 to Oskin, EAR-0738723 and EAR-0948170 to Dorsey) made this research possible. Permission to enter Isla Tiburon was granted by the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas and the native Cumcaac (Seri) tribe. We thank Arturo Martin-Barajas for assistance with permit acquisition. This study benefited from insightful discussions with Judith Smith, Kristin McDougall, Arturo Martin-Barajas, Adam Forte, and Austin Elliott. A U.S. Geological Survey review by Robert Powell and Geosphere reviews by Joann Stock, Paul Umhoefer, and Associate Editor Derek Keir helped improve the manuscript. Micahel Tappa, Jordan Ford, Nicholas Buckmaster, and Molly Keogh all provided great company, safety, and assistance while conducting field work on Isla Tiburon. Tom Donovan, Gregory Smart, and the Prescott College Kino Bay Center for Cultural and Ecological Studies staff provided incredible logistical support and comfortable accommodations while conducting field work. We thank Ernesto Molina Villa-Lobos of the native Cumcaac (Seri) tribe for his superb boatmanship and safekeeping during our field research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 BP 977 EP 1007 DI 10.1130/GES01153.1 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FU UT WOS:000359480000002 ER PT J AU Martin, AJ Southworth, S Collins, JC Fisher, SW Kingman, ER AF Martin, Aaron J. Southworth, Scott Collins, Jennifer C. Fisher, Steven W. Kingman, Edward R., III TI Laurentian and Amazonian sediment sources to Neoproterozoic-lower Paleozoic Maryland Piedmont rocks SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN PIEDMONT; DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SILICIC MAGMA SYSTEM; LA-PLATA CRATON; BLUE RIDGE; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; BALTIMORE GNEISS; RESIDENCE TIMES AB Several terranes of variable tectonic affinity and history underlie the central Appalachian Piedmont Province (eastern United States). These terranes mostly consist of widespread metasedimentary and lesser metavolcanic rocks. Intense and pervasive deformation and metamorphism have made the depositional ages and provenance of sediment in these rocks difficult to determine. The lack of tight constraints on such basic information led to a century-long debate about the tectonic significance of these rocks, particularly how they correlate to similar rocks along and across strike in the Appalachian orogen. We address these issues using U/Pb isotopic ages from single spots in 2433 zircon grains from 18 metasedimentary rock samples distributed across the Maryland Piedmont. The resulting age signatures indicate that the Marburg Formation and Pretty-boy Schist, heretofore assigned to the Westminster terrane, actually belong to the Potomac terrane, making the Hyattstown thrust the contact between the two terranes. Ediacaran Laurentia could have supplied all Potomac terrane sediment except for the detritus in one sample from the northern part of the terrane that likely came from Amazonia. This is one of the first recognitions of a Gondwana-derived terrane between Carolinia to the south and Ganderia to the north. Maximum depositional ages for Potomac terrane suprasubduction zone sedimentary rocks are latest Neoproterozoic or early Cambrian, and some may have been deposited ca. 510 Ma. Continental rifting ended ca. 560 Ma at the longitude of our study, so the transition from rifting to subduction at this location in eastern Laurentia may have lasted only 50 M.y. Lower Ordovician arc intrusions into these rocks demonstrate that the transition lasted no longer than 90 M.y. The Iapetan margin of central-eastern Laurentia was one of the shortest lived passive margins that formed in Neoproterozoic time. C1 [Martin, Aaron J.; Collins, Jennifer C.; Fisher, Steven W.; Kingman, Edward R., III] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Southworth, Scott] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Martin, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM martinaj@umd.edu RI Martin, Aaron/D-9508-2013 OI Martin, Aaron/0000-0003-4368-322X FU Maryland NanoCenter; NispLab (Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties Laboratory); National Science Foundation (NSF) as a MRSEC (Materials Research Science and Engineering Center); NSF [EAR-1032156] FX Philip Piccoli enabled our use of the electron microprobe. We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab (Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties Laboratory), which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a MRSEC (Materials Research Science and Engineering Center) shared experimental facility. We thank George Gehrels, Victor Valencia, Mark Pecha, and the staff of the Arizona LaserChron Center for facilitating our zircon analyses in their laboratory. The LaserChron Center is supported by NSF grant EAR-1032156. Irene Kadel-Harder and Rebecca Ohly provided able laboratory assistance. We thank Steven Whitmeyer for generously providing the digital files to produce Figure 6. Reviews by Luke Beranek, Todd Lamaskin, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript, and we thank associate editor Todd Lamaskin as well as science editor Raymond Russo for editorial handling. NR 122 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1061 DI 10.1130/GES01140.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FU UT WOS:000359480000005 ER PT J AU Cyr, AJ Miller, DM Mahan, SA AF Cyr, Andrew J. Miller, David M. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Paleodischarge of the Mojave River, southwestern United States, investigated with single-pebble measurements of Be-10 SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID COSMOGENIC BE-10; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; DENUDATION RATES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; EROSION RATES; NORTH-AMERICA; EXPOSURE AGES; DESERT; SEDIMENT AB The paleohydrology of ephemeral stream systems is an important constraint on paleoclimatic conditions in arid environments, but remains difficult to measure quantitatively. For example, sedimentary records of the size and extent of pluvial lakes in the Mojave Desert (southwestern USA) have been used as a proxy for Quaternary climate variability. Although the delivery mechanisms of this additional water are still being debated, it is generally agreed that the discharge of the Mojave River, which supplied water for several Pleistocene pluvial lakes along its course, must have been significantly greater during lake highstands. We used the Be-10 concentrations of 10 individual quartzite pebbles sourced from the San Bernardino Mountains and collected from a ca. 25 ka strath terrace of the Mojave River near Barstow, California, to test whether pebble ages record the timing of large paleodischarge of the Mojave River. Our exposure ages indicate that periods of discharge large enough to transport pebble-sized sediment occurred at least 4 times over the past similar to 240 k.y.; individual pebble ages cluster into 4 groups with exposure ages of 24.82 +/- 4.36 ka (n = 3), 55.79 +/- 3.67 ka (n = 2), 99.14 +/- 12.07 ka (n = 4) and 239.9 +/- 52.16 ka (n = 1). These inferred large discharge events occurred during both glacial and interglacial conditions. We demonstrate that bedload materials provide information about the frequency and duration of transport events in river systems. This approach could be further improved with additional measurements of one or more cosmogenic nuclides coupled with models of river discharge and pebble transport. C1 [Cyr, Andrew J.; Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cyr, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM acyr@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program FX This work was conducted as part of the Mojave Neotectonics Project, supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. Accelerator mass spectrometer measurements of 10Be/9Be were completed at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by Susan Zimmerman and Robert Finkel. This work benefitted from discussions with Greg Balco, Brett Cox, David Bedford, Yehouda Enzel, and Alan Hidy. Exploratory 10Be studies on Mojave River pebbles by Lewis Owen motivated our more detailed study. Constructive reviews by Stephen DeLong and three anonymous reviewers, as well as editorial guidance from Jose Hurtado and Shan de Silva, improved the manuscript. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1158 EP 1171 DI 10.1130/GES01134.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FU UT WOS:000359480000010 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Briggs, RW Dura, T Engelhart, SE Gelfenbaum, G Bradley, LA Forman, SL Vane, C Kelley, KA AF Nelson, Alan R. Briggs, Richard W. Dura, Tina Engelhart, Simon E. Gelfenbaum, Guy Bradley, Lee-Ann Forman, Steve L. Vane, ChristopherH. Kelley, Katherine A. TI Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI; TOHOKU-OKI TSUNAMI; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; NEW-ZEALAND; SEDIMENTARY DIFFERENCES; METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AB Despite the role of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust as the source of some of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis, the history of its pre-twentieth century tsunamis is largely unknown west of the rupture zone of the great (magnitude, M 9.2) 1964 earthquake. Stratigraphy in core transects at two boggy lowland sites on Chirikof Island's southwest coast preserves tsunami deposits dating from the postglacial to the twentieth century. In a 500-m-long basin 13-15 m above sea level and 400 m from the sea, 4 of 10 sandy to silty beds in a 3-5-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat were probably deposited by tsunamis. The freshwater peat sequence beneath a gently sloping alluvial fan 2 km to the east, 5-15 m above sea level and 550 m from the sea, contains 20 sandy to silty beds deposited since 3.5 ka; at least 13 were probably deposited by tsunamis. Although most of the sandy beds have consistent thicknesses (over distances of 10-265 m), sharp lower contacts, good sorting, and/or upward fining typical of tsunami deposits, the beds contain abundant freshwater diatoms, very few brackish-water diatoms, and no marine diatoms. Apparently, tsunamis traveling inland over low dunes and boggy lowland entrained largely freshwater diatoms. Abundant fragmented diatoms, and lake species in some sandy beds not found in host peat, were probably transported by tsunamis to elevations of >10 m at the eastern site. Single-aliquot regeneration optically stimulated luminescence dating of the third youngest bed is consistent with its having been deposited by the tsunami recorded at Russian hunting outposts in 1788, and with the second youngest bed being deposited by a tsunami during an upper plate earthquake in 1880. We infer from stratigraphy, 14C-dated peat deposition rates, and unpublished analyses of the island's history that the 1938 tsunami may locally have reached an elevation of > 10 m. As this is the first record of Aleutian tsunamis extending throughout the Holocene, we cannot estimate source earthquake locations or magnitudes for most tsunami-deposited beds. We infer that no more than 3 of the 23 possible tsunamis beds at both sites were deposited following -upper plate faulting or submarine landslides independent of megathrust earthquakes. If so, the Semidi segment of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust near Chirikof Island probably sent high tsunamis southward every 180-270 yr for at least the past 3500 yr. C1 [Nelson, Alan R.; Briggs, Richard W.; Bradley, Lee-Ann] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dura, Tina] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Forman, Steve L.] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Vane, ChristopherH.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Kelley, Katherine A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anelson@usgs.gov RI Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU Earthquake Hazards Program; Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Multi-hazards Demonstration Project of the U.S. Geological Survey; Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Hatch funding; Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station [5423]; British Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and the Multi-hazards Demonstration Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. Diatom studies by Dura were supported by the Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania. Analyses by Engelhart were supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch funding, and the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (contribution 5423). Geochemical analyses by Vane were supported by the British Geological Survey; Vane publishes with the permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey. We thank the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge for permission to investigate Chirikof Island. Our pilots, Steve Harvey and Rolan Ruoss, made this research possible. Peter Haeussler, Steve Kirby, Holly Ryan, and Stephanie Ross were enthusiastic supporters and arranged funding. Deborah Carver and Gary Carver provided long-term accommodation and advice. Steve Angster and Lauralee Bossen helped with core studies and historical air photograph analysis. Ralph Wright told us about living on Chirikof Island in the early 1960s, and Donald W. Clark, Patrick Saltonstall, and Amy Steffian provided extensive unpublished information, including three unpublished reports and photographs from 1963 to 2013. An unpublished manuscript by L.T. Black, D.W. Clark, and K. Arndt (dated 21 September 2002; provided by D. W. Clark, October 2013) was invaluable for our interpretation of historical tsunamis. This paper was improved through comments by Rob Witter, Yuki Sawai, Adam Switzer, and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 163 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1203 DI 10.1130/GES01108.1 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FU UT WOS:000359480000011 ER PT J AU Steinemann, A Iacobellis, SF Cayan, DR AF Steinemann, Anne Iacobellis, Sam F. Cayan, Daniel R. TI Developing and Evaluating Drought Indicators for Decision-Making SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Planning ID TRIGGERS; CLASSIFICATION; MONITOR AB Drought indicators can help to detect, assess, and reduce impacts of drought. However, existing indicators often have deficiencies that limit their effectiveness, such as statistical inconsistency, noncomparability, arbitrary metrics, and lack of historic context. Further, indicators selected for drought plans may be only marginally useful, and relatively little prior work has investigated ways to design operationally practical indicators. This study devises a generalizable approach, based on feedback from users, to develop and evaluate indicators for decision-making. This approach employs a percentile-based framework that offers clarity, consistency, and comparability among different indicators, drought levels, time periods, and spatial scales. In addition, it characterizes the evolution of droughts and quantifies their severity, duration, and frequency. User preferences are incorporated into the framework's parameters, which include percentile thresholds for drought onset and recovery, severity levels, anomalies, and consecutive time periods for triggering. To illustrate the approach and decision-making implications, the framework is applied to California Climate Division 2 and is used with decision-makers, water managers, and other participants in the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) California Pilot. Stakeholders report that the framework provides an easily understood and beneficial way to assess and communicate drought conditions, validly compare multiple indicators across different locations and time scales, quantify risks relative to historic droughts, and determine indicators that would be valuable for decision-making. C1 [Steinemann, Anne; Iacobellis, Sam F.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Steinemann, A (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM anne.steinemann@unimelb.edu.au RI Steinemann, Anne/E-1249-2015 OI Steinemann, Anne/0000-0001-7556-620X FU California-Nevada Applications Program (CNAP); Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment (RISA) program via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11OAR4310150, NA13OAR4310172]; National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) FX This study received support from the California-Nevada Applications Program (CNAP), a Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment (RISA) program, via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grants NA11OAR4310150 and NA13OAR4310172, and from the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS). We thank Shraddhanand Shukla, Amy Davis, and three reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1793 EP 1803 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0234.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700021 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Guzman, L Graves, RW Olsen, KB Boyd, OS Cramer, C Hartzell, S Ni, SD Somerville, P Williams, RA Zhong, JQ AF Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Graves, Robert W. Olsen, Kim B. Boyd, Oliver S. Cramer, Chris Hartzell, Stephen Ni, Sidao Somerville, Paul Williams, Robert A. Zhong, Jinquan TI Ground-Motion Simulations of 1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes, Central United States SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC ZONE; MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; INTRAPLATE SEISMICITY; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; FELT INTENSITY; RUPTURE LENGTH AB We performed a suite of numerical simulations based on the 1811-1812 New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) earthquakes, which demonstrate the importance of 3D geologic structure and rupture directivity on the ground-motion response throughout a broad region of the central United States (CUS) for these events. Our simulation set consists of 20 hypothetical earthquakes located along two faults associated with the current seismicity trends in the NMSZ. The hypothetical scenarios range in magnitude from M 7.0 to 7.7 and consider various epicenters, slip distributions, and rupture characterization approaches. The low-frequency component of our simulations was computed deterministically up to a frequency of 1 Hz using a regional 3D seismic velocity model and was combined with higher-frequency motions calculated for a 1D medium to generate broadband synthetics (0-40 Hz in some cases). For strike-slip earthquakes located on the southwest-northeast-striking NMSZ axial arm of seismicity, our simulations show 2-10 s period energy channeling along the trend of the Reelfoot rift and focusing strong shaking northeast toward Paducah, Kentucky, and Evansville, Indiana, and southwest toward Little Rock, Arkansas. These waveguide effects are further accentuated by rupture directivity such that an event with a western epicenter creates strong amplification toward the northeast, whereas an eastern epicenter creates strong amplification toward the southwest. These effects are not as prevalent for simulations on the reverse-mechanism Reelfoot fault, and large peak ground velocities (> 40 cm/s) are typically confined to the near-source region along the up-dip projection of the fault. Nonetheless, these basin response and rupture directivity effects have a significant impact on the pattern and level of the estimated intensities, which leads to additional uncertainty not previously considered in magnitude estimates of the 1811-1812 sequence based only on historical reports. The region covered by our simulation domain encompasses a large portion of the CUS centered on the NMSZ, including several major metropolitan areas. Based on our simulations, more than eight million people living and working near the NMSZ would experience potentially damaging ground motion and modified Mercalli intensities ranging from VI to VIII if a repeat of the 1811-1812 earthquakes occurred today. Moreover, the duration of strong ground shaking in the greater Memphis metropolitan area could last from 30 to more than 60 s, depending on the magnitude and epicenter. C1 [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Coordinac Ingn Sismol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Olsen, Kim B.; Zhong, Jinquan] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Boyd, Oliver S.; Hartzell, Stephen; Williams, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cramer, Chris] Univ Memphis, CERI, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Ni, Sidao; Somerville, Paul] URS Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. RP Ramirez-Guzman, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Coordinac Ingn Sismol, Ave Univ 3000, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM LRamirezG@iingen.unam.mx OI Boyd, Oliver/0000-0001-9457-0407 FU National Science Foundation [TG-EAR090003]; Instituto de Ingenieria at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program [G10AP00007, G09AP00139] FX This research was supported by the TG-EAR090003 allocation for advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. Michael Hearn at the U.S. Geological Survey(USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) provided the script to compute the exposed population. Several aspects of this work were performed by L.R.-G. during his time as a postdoctoral research contractor at the USGS-Golden office. Part of the work by L.R.-G. was financed by the Instituto de Ingenieria at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. We thank Jer-Ming Chiu, Steve Horton, Charles Langston, and Christine Powell at the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) and Walter Mooney at the USGS Menlo Park office for the expert opinions they provided in several conversations. We thank Christina Boyes for her assistance in the editing and proofreading of this manuscript. We thank Susan Hough and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and critiques improved the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Grants G10AP00007 and G09AP00139. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or any institution mentioned. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1961 EP 1988 DI 10.1785/0120140330 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN9MN UT WOS:000358773100010 ER PT J AU Page, M Felzer, K AF Page, Morgan Felzer, Karen TI Southern San Andreas Fault Seismicity is Consistent with the Gutenberg-Richter Magnitude-Frequency Distribution SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKE MODEL; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE FORECAST; ANATOLIAN FAULT; HAZARD ANALYSIS; ZONE; PROBABILITIES; DISPLACEMENT; STATISTICS; FORESHOCKS AB The magnitudes of any collection of earthquakes nucleating in a region are generally observed to follow the Gutenberg-Richter (GR) distribution. On some major faults, however, paleoseismic rates are higher than a GR extrapolation from the modern rate of small earthquakes would predict. This, along with other observations, led to the formulation of the characteristic earthquake hypothesis, which holds that the rate of small-to-moderate earthquakes is permanently low on large faults relative to the large-earthquake rate (Wesnousky et al., 1983; Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1984). We examine the rate difference between recent small-to-moderate earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF) and the paleoseismic record, hypothesizing that the discrepancy can be explained as a rate change in time rather than a deviation from GR statistics. We find that with reasonable assumptions, the rate changes necessary to bring the small and large earthquake rates into alignment agree with the size of rate changes seen in epidemic-type aftershock sequence modeling, where aftershock triggering of large earthquakes drives strong fluctuations in the seismicity rates for earthquakes of all magnitudes. The necessary rate changes are also comparable to rate changes observed for other faults worldwide. These results are consistent with paleoseismic observations of temporally clustered bursts of large earthquakes on the SSAF and the absence of M >= 7 earthquakes on the SSAF since 1857. C1 [Page, Morgan; Felzer, Karen] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Page, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM pagem@caltech.edu; kfelzer@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 4 BP 2070 EP 2080 DI 10.1785/0120140340 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN9MN UT WOS:000358773100016 ER PT J AU Shen, ZK Wang, M Zeng, YH Wang, F AF Shen, Zheng-Kang Wang, Min Zeng, Yuehua Wang, Fan TI Optimal Interpolation of Spatially Discretized Geodetic Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES COLLOCATION; FAULT SLIP RATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TOHOKU DISTRICT; GREENS-FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; TENSION; SPLINE AB We present an algorithm to calculate horizontal strains (or strain rates) through interpolation of geodetically derived displacements (or velocities). This is an underdetermined inverse problem to derive smoothly distributed strains (or strain rates) using spatially discretized geodetic observations. A priori information, in the form of weighted smoothing, is critical to facilitate the solution. At a given site, the horizontal displacement (or velocity) field in its vicinity is approximated by a bilinear function and represented by rigid block translation, rotation, and strains (or their rates). The weighted displacement (or velocity) data in the neighborhood are used to estimate the field parameters through a least-squares inversion procedure. Optimal weightings are prescribed for the neighboring data, based on their distances to the interpolation site and their spatial coverage. Nonelastic strains resulted from surface fault rupture and creep may also be excluded from the solution. We apply this method to the Southern California Earthquake Center Crustal Motion Map version 4.0 velocity field and derive the strain-rate field in southern California. Our result shows that (1) distance-dependent weighting can be optimally achieved by employing either a Gaussian or quadratic decay function, with the former offering a slightly sharper result than the latter. (2) Spatially dependent weighting is important to improve the interpolation, and can be done by invoking either an azimuthal weighting or a Voronoi cell areal weighting function. (3) The strain-rate pattern in southern California is dominated by dextral shear of the San Andreas fault (SAF) system, and the secondary faults surrounding the Big Bend of the SAF strike at oblique angles with respect to the maximum shear direction, suggesting that tectonic deformation field on and off the SAF is dominated by mechanic processes of the SAF. C1 [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Min] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Golden Colorado Off, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wang, Fan] Natl Geomat Ctr China, Beijing 100830, Peoples R China. [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Shen, ZK (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM zshen@ucla.edu FU China Earthquake Administration (CEA) [201208006]; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41090294]; U.S. Geological Survey Grant [G11AP20044]; National Science Foundation Inter-agency Research and Development (NSF I/RD) [EAR-1323052] FX The authors thank Corne Kreemer, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor Roland Burgmann for constructive comments. This research was partially supported by a China Earthquake Administration (CEA) Grant Number (201208006) for M. Wang and a Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant Number (41090294) and a U.S. Geological Survey Grant Number (G11AP20044) for Z.-K. Shen. It was also supported by a National Science Foundation Inter-agency Research and Development (NSF I/RD) Grant Number (EAR-1323052) for Z.-K. Shen as a rotator program director at NSF. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF and USGS. Southern California Earthquake Center Publication Number 2077. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 105 IS 4 BP 2117 EP 2127 DI 10.1785/0120140247 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN9MN UT WOS:000358773100020 ER PT J AU Thiem, JD Dawson, JW Gleiss, AC Martins, EG Haro, A Castro-Santos, T Danylchuk, AJ Wilson, RP Cooke, SJ AF Thiem, J. D. Dawson, J. W. Gleiss, A. C. Martins, E. G. Haro, A. Castro-Santos, T. Danylchuk, A. J. Wilson, R. P. Cooke, S. J. TI Accelerometer-derived activity correlates with volitional swimming speed in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; biologging; lake sturgeon; Acipenser fulvescens; swimming speed; tail-beat frequency ID ADULT WHITE STURGEON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ENERGETIC ADVANTAGES; LOCOMOTORY ACTIVITY; ACCELERATION DATA; SMALLMOUTH BASS; CRUISING SPEEDS; METABOLIC-RATE; FISH; BEHAVIOR AB Quantifying fine-scale locomotor behaviours associated with different activities is challenging for free-swimming fish. Biologging and biotelemetry tools can help address this problem. An open channel flume was used to generate volitional swimming speed (Us) estimates of cultured lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) and these were paired with simultaneously recorded accelerometer-derived metrics of activity obtained from three types of data-storage tags. This study examined whether a predictive relationship could be established between four different activity metrics (tail-beat frequency (TBF), tail-beat acceleration amplitude (TBAA), overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), and vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA)) and the swimming speed of A. fulvescens. Volitional 11, of sturgeon ranged from 0.48 to 2.70 m.s(-1) (0.51-3.18 body lengths (BL).s(-1)). Swimming speed increased linearly with all accelerometer-derived metrics, and when all tag types were combined, U-s increased 0.46 BL.s(-1) for every 1 Hz increase in TBF, and 0.94, 0.61, and 0.94 BL.s(-1) for every 1g increase in TBAA, ODBA, and VeDBA, respectively. Predictive relationships varied among tag types and tag-specific parameter estimates of Us are presented for all metrics. This use of acceleration data-storage tags demonstrated their applicability for the field quantification of sturgeon swimming speed. C1 [Thiem, J. D.; Dawson, J. W.; Martins, E. G.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Gleiss, A. C.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Haro, A.; Castro-Santos, T.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Danylchuk, A. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wilson, R. P.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Swansea Lab Anim Movement, Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Thiem, JD (reprint author), Narrandera Fisheries Ctr, New South Wales Dept Primary Ind, POB 182, Narrandera, NSW 2700, Australia. EM jdrthiem@gmail.com RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010; OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659; Thiem, Jason/0000-0002-5585-8560; Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120; Gleiss, Adrian/0000-0002-9960-2858 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) HydroNet Strategic Network Grant; Carleton University; Canada Research Chair program FX C. Hatry, J. Norieka, K. Stamplecoskie, L. Stoot, and S. Walk provided technical assistance. J. Brownscombe, G. Butler, and S. Wilson provided useful analytical suggestions. E. Tytell provided comments on a draft of the manuscript. Project funding was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) HydroNet Strategic Network Grant. J.D.T. was supported by a President's graduate scholarship from Carleton University and S.J.C. was supported by the Canada Research Chair program. This project was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care administered by the Carleton University Animal Care Committee (B10-12). We thank several thoughtful reviewers for providing detailed comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 36 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 IS 8 BP 645 EP 654 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0271 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CO6JK UT WOS:000359262800008 ER PT J AU Hellgren, O Atkinson, CT Bensch, S Albayrak, T Dimitrov, D Ewen, JG Kim, KS Lima, MR Martin, L Palinauskas, V Ricklefs, R Sehgal, RNM Valkiunas, G Tsuda, Y Marzal, A AF Hellgren, Olof Atkinson, Carter T. Bensch, Staffan Albayrak, Tamer Dimitrov, Dimitar Ewen, John G. Kim, Kyeong Soon Lima, Marcos R. Martin, Lynn Palinauskas, Vaidas Ricklefs, Robert Sehgal, Ravinder N. M. Valkiunas, Gediminas Tsuda, Yoshio Marzal, Alfonso TI Global phylogeography of the avian malaria pathogen Plasmodium relictum based on MSP1 allelic diversity SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; VACCINE-CANDIDATE ANTIGENS; BLOOD PARASITES; CYANISTES-CAERULEUS; SPOROGONIC DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PASSERINE BIRD; BLUE TITS; POPULATION AB Knowing the genetic variation that occurs in pathogen populations and how it is distributed across geographical areas is essential to understand parasite epidemiology, local patterns of virulence, and evolution of host-resistance. In addition, it is important to identify populations of pathogens that are evolutionarily independent and thus free' to adapt to hosts and environments. Here, we investigated genetic variation in the globally distributed, highly invasive avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum, which has several distinctive mitochondrial haplotyps (cyt b lineages, SGS1, GRW11 and GRW4). The phylogeography of P. relictum was accessed using the highly variable nuclear gene merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), a gene linked to the invasion biology of the parasite. We show that the lineage GRW4 is evolutionarily independent of GRW11 and SGS1 whereas GRW11 and SGS1 share MSP1 alleles and thus suggesting the presence of two distinct species (GRW4 versus SGS1 and GRW11). Further, there were significant differences in the global distribution of MSP1 alleles with differences between GRW4 alleles in the New and the Old World. For SGS1, a lineage formerly believed to have both tropical and temperate transmission, there were clear differences in MSP1 alleles transmitted in tropical Africa compared to the temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Further, we highlight the occurrence of multiple MSP1 alleles in GRW4 isolates from the Hawaiian Islands, where the parasite has contributed to declines and extinctions of endemic forest birds since it was introduced. This study stresses the importance of multiple independent loci for understanding patterns of transmission and evolutionary independence across avian malaria parasites. C1 [Hellgren, Olof; Bensch, Staffan; Marzal, Alfonso] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Ecol & Evolut Lab, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Marzal, Alfonso] Univ Extremadura, Anat Biol Celular & Zool, ES-06071 Badajoz, Spain. [Atkinson, Carter T.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Albayrak, Tamer] Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, Dept Biol, Ornithol Lab, Burdur, Turkey. [Dimitrov, Dimitar; Palinauskas, Vaidas; Valkiunas, Gediminas] Nat Res Ctr, Inst Ecol, LT-08412 Vilnius 21, Lithuania. [Dimitrov, Dimitar] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Ewen, John G.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England. [Kim, Kyeong Soon] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Joint Dept Vet Med, Tottori, Japan. [Lima, Marcos R.] Univ Estadual Londrina, Posgrad Ciencias Biol, Depto Biol Anim & Vegetal, Londrina, PR, Brazil. [Martin, Lynn] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Ricklefs, Robert] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Tsuda, Yoshio] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Med Entomol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. RP Hellgren, O (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Ecol & Evolut Lab, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM olof.hellgren@biol.lu.se RI Marzal, Alfonso/J-6677-2012; Hellgren, Olof /C-7420-2014; Albayrak, Tamer/R-9608-2016; OI Marzal, Alfonso/0000-0001-5872-1060; Hellgren, Olof /0000-0002-4062-7276; Albayrak, Tamer/0000-0003-4115-3946; SEHGAL, Ravinder/0000-0002-5255-4641; Lima, Marcos/0000-0002-5901-0911; Palinauskas, Vaidas/0000-0002-4714-0305; Martin, Lynn/0000-0002-5887-4937 FU Swedish Research Council (Svenska Vetenskapsradet); Crafoord Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program; NSF-IOS [0920475] FX This work was supported in part by the Swedish Research Council (Svenska Vetenskapsradet) and the Crafoord Foundation (OH), the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program (CA). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Sample collection by LBM was supported by NSF-IOS 0920475. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 21 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2015 VL 38 IS 8 BP 842 EP 850 DI 10.1111/ecog.01158 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO7AU UT WOS:000359310700010 ER PT J AU Kusnierz, PC Holbrook, CM Feldman, DL AF Kusnierz, Paul C. Holbrook, Christopher M. Feldman, David L. TI An evaluation of a bed instability index as an indicator of habitat quality in mountain streams of the northwestern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Instability index; Biological indices; Rosgen stream type; Bed stability; Ecoregion; PIBO ID INTERIOR COLUMBIA RIVER; HEADWATER STREAMS; WOODY DEBRIS; FINE SEDIMENT; WATER-QUALITY; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FEDERAL LANDS; STABILITY; RICHNESS AB Managers of aquatic resources benefit from indices of habitat quality that are reproducible and easy to measure, demonstrate a link between habitat quality and biota health, and differ between human-impacted (i. e., managed) and reference (i. e., nonimpacted or minimally impacted) conditions. The instability index (ISI) is an easily measured index that describes the instability of a streambed by relating the tractive force of a stream at bankfull discharge to the median substrate size. Previous studies have linked ISI to biological condition but have been limited to comparisons of sites within a single stream or among a small number of streams. We tested ISI as an indicator of human impact to habitat and biota in mountain streams of the northwestern USA. Among 1428 sites in six northwestern states, ISI was correlated with other habitat measures (e. g., residual pool depth, percent fine sediment) and indices of biotic health (e. g., number of intolerant macroinvertebrate taxa, fine sediment biotic index) and differed between managed and reference sites across a range of stream types and ecoregions. While ISI could be useful in mountain streams throughout the world, this index may be of particular interest to aquatic resource managers in the northwestern USA where a large dataset, from which ISI can be calculated, exists. C1 [Kusnierz, Paul C.; Feldman, David L.] Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Holbrook, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Kusnierz, PC (reprint author), Montana Dept Environm Qual, 1520 E Sixth Ave, Helena, MT 59620 USA. EM pkusnierz@mt.gov NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 187 IS 8 AR 511 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-4714-0 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN9PW UT WOS:000358782300030 PM 26189618 ER PT J AU Briggs, JS Hawbaker, TJ Vandendriesche, D AF Briggs, Jennifer S. Hawbaker, Todd J. Vandendriesche, Don TI Resilience of Ponderosa and Lodgepole Pine Forests to Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance and Limited Regeneration SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mountain pine beetle; regeneration; ponderosa pine; lodgepole pine; Forest Vegetation Simulator; Colorado ID SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE EXPANSION; TREE MORTALITY; MIXED-CONIFER; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; STAND DEVELOPMENT; SIERRA-NEVADA AB After causing widespread mortality in lodgepole pine forests in North America, the mountain pine beetle (MPB) has recently also affected ponderosa pine, an alternate host species that may have different levels of resilience to this disturbance. We collected field data in ponderosa pine- and lodgepole pine-dominated forests attacked by MPB in Colorado and then simulated stand growth over 200 years using the Forest Vegetation Simulator. We compared scenarios of no disturbance with scenarios of MPB-caused mortality, both with and without regeneration. Results indicated that basal area and tree density recovered to predisturbance levels relatively rapidly (within 1-8 decades) in both forest types. However, convergence of the disturbed conditions with simulated undisturbed conditions took longer (12-20+ decades) and was delayed by the absence of regeneration. In MPB-affected ponderosa pine forests without regeneration, basal area did not converge with undisturbed conditions within 200 years, implying lower resilience in this ecosystem. Surface fuels accumulated rapidly in both forest types after MPB-induced mortality, remaining high for 3-6 decades in simulations. Our results suggest that future patterns of succession, regeneration, fuel loading, climate, and disturbance interactions over long time periods should be considered in management strategies addressing MPB effects in either forest type, but particularly in ponderosa pine. C1 [Briggs, Jennifer S.; Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vandendriesche, Don] USDA, Forest Serv, Vegetat Applicat Grp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Briggs, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jsbriggs@usgs.gov; tjhawbaker@usgs.gov; dvandendriesche@fs.fed.us FU Land Change Science Program of the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Mission Area FX This work was supported by the Land Change Science Program of the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Mission Area. We thank Dan West, Paul Cigan, and field crews for assistance with surveys and Mike Battaglia and Paula Fornwalt for helpful input on analyses. Comments from Doug Shinneman and two anonymous reviewers improved the article. We appreciate the site access and support for fieldwork provided by Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado State Forest Service, the USDA Forest Service, Boulder County Parks and Open Space, and City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 33 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 61 IS 4 BP 689 EP 702 DI 10.5849/forsci.14-192 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CO2EU UT WOS:000358969700007 ER PT J AU Green, OO Garmestani, AS Allen, CR Gunderson, LH Ruhl, JB Arnold, CA Graham, NAJ Cosens, B Angeler, DG Chaffin, BC Holling, CS AF Green, Olivia Odom Garmestani, Ahjond S. Allen, Craig R. Gunderson, Lance H. Ruhl, J. B. Arnold, Craig A. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Cosens, Barbara Angeler, David G. Chaffin, Brian C. Holling, C. S. TI Barriers and bridges to the integration of social-ecological resilience and law SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFTS; ECOSYSTEM; GOVERNANCE; DEAD AB There is a fundamental difference between the ways in which ecologists and lawyers view uncertainty: in the study of ecology, uncertainty provides a catalyst for exploration, whereas uncertainty is antithetical to the rule of law. This issue is particularly troubling in environmental management, where the tensions between law and ecology become apparent. Rather than acknowledge uncertainties in management actions, legal frameworks often force a false sense of certainty in linking cause and effect. While adaptive management has been developed to deal with uncertainty, laws and legal wrangling can be obstacles to implementation. In this article, we recommend resilience-based governance "adaptive governance" as a means to begin bridging the gap between law and ecology. C1 [Green, Olivia Odom] Atlantic States Legal Fdn, Syracuse, NY 13204 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Chaffin, Brian C.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ruhl, J. B.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Law, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Arnold, Craig A.] Univ Louisville, Brandeis Sch Law, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Arnold, Craig A.] Univ Louisville, Dept Urban & Publ Affairs, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Graham, Nicholas A. J.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cosens, Barbara] Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. [Holling, C. S.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Green, OO (reprint author), Atlantic States Legal Fdn, Syracuse, NY 13204 USA. EM ogreen@aslf.org RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014 FU US Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska Lincoln; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. This research was conducted with the support of two postdoctoral appointments to the Research Participation Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory: one administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and one by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the US Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Funding was provided by the August T Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. We thank T Eason for helpful comments. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.1890/140294 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO6NM UT WOS:000359273400018 ER PT J AU Patino, R Carr, JA AF Patino, Reynaldo Carr, James A. TI Introduction to Special Issue: Disruption of thyroid, sex steroid, and adrenal hormone systems and their crosstalk in aquatic wildlife SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; PERCHLORATE; RATIOS; CONTAMINANTS; MECHANISMS; AMPHIBIANS C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo; Carr, James A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM james.carr@ttu.edu NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 219 SI SI BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.012 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CN9GB UT WOS:000358754100001 PM 26031188 ER PT J AU Patino, R VanLandeghern, MM Goodbred, SL Orsak, E Jenkins, JA Echols, K Rosen, MR Torres, L AF Patino, Reynaldo VanLandeghern, Matthew M. Goodbred, Steven L. Orsak, Erik Jenkins, Jill A. Echols, Kathy Rosen, Michael R. Torres, Leticia TI Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wastewater; PCBs; DDTs; Sex steroids; Gonadosomatic index; Multivariate analysis ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; METHYL-TRICLOSAN; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; HEALTH INDICATORS; MULTIVARIATE DATA; ATLANTIC CROAKER; COLUMBIA RIVER; UNITED-STATES; THYROID AXIS AB Adult male Common Carp were sampled in 2007/08 over a full reproductive cycle at Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Sites sampled included a stream dominated by treated wastewater effluent, a lake basin receiving the streamflow, an upstream lake basin (reference), and a site below Hoover Dam. Individual body burdens for 252 contaminants were measured, and biological variables assessed included physiological [plasma vitellogenin (VTG), estradiol-17 beta (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT)] and organ [gonadosomatic index (GSI) endpoints. Patterns in contaminant composition and biological condition were determined by Principal Component Analysis, and their associations modeled by Principal Component Regression. Three spatially distinct but temporally stable gradients of contaminant distribution were recognized: a contaminant mixture typical of wastewaters (PBDEs, methyl triclosan, galaxolide), PCBs, and DDTs. Two spatiotemporally variable patterns of biological condition were recognized: a primary pattern consisting of reproductive condition variables (11KT, E2, GSI), and a secondary pattern including general condition traits (condition factor, hematocrit, fork length). VTG was low in all fish, indicating low estrogenic activity of water at all sites. Wastewater contaminants associated negatively with GSI, 11KT and E2; PCBs associated negatively with GSI and 11KT; and DDTs associated positively with GSI and 11KT. Regression of GSI on sex steroids revealed a novel, nonlinear association between these variables. Inclusion of sex steroids in the GSI regression on contaminants rendered wastewater contaminants nonsignificant in the model and reduced the influence of PCBs and DDTs. Thus, the influence of contaminants on GSI may have been partially driven by organismal modes-of-action that include changes in sex steroid production. The positive association of DDTs with 11KT and GSI suggests that lifetime, sub-lethal exposures to DDTs have effects on male carp opposite of those reported by studies where exposure concentrations were relatively high. Lastly, this study highlighted advantages of multivariate/multiple regression approaches for exploring associations between complex contaminant mixtures and gradients and reproductive condition in wild fishes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [VanLandeghern, Matthew M.; Torres, Leticia] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Goodbred, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, High Point, NC 27262 USA. [Orsak, Erik] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Echols, Kathy] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act; U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. We appreciate the help and assistance of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area staff of the National Park Service, and U.S. Geological Survey personnel of the Nevada Water Science Center in Henderson, Nevada. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Animal handling for this study was conducted in accordance with taxon-specific guidelines (Use of Fishes in Research Committee, 2014; ). NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 219 SI SI BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.013 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CN9GB UT WOS:000358754100012 PM 25583583 ER PT J AU Goodbred, SL Patino, R Torres, L Echols, KR Jenkins, JA Rosen, MR Orsak, E AF Goodbred, Steven L. Patino, Reynaldo Torres, Leticia Echols, Kathy R. Jenkins, Jill A. Rosen, Michael R. Orsak, Erik TI Are endocrine and reproductive biomarkers altered in contaminant-exposed wild male Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) of Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona, USA? SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Teleost; Endocrine disruption; Sex steroids; Gonadosomatic index; Gonadal development; Sperm quality ID NATIONAL RECREATION AREA; COMMON CARP; FISH POPULATIONS; SPERM QUALITY; TELEOST FISH; RIVER; NEVADA; PARAMETERS; ARIZONA; WATER AB Male Largemouth Bass were sampled from two locations in Lake Mead (USA), a site influenced by treated municipal wastewater effluent and urban runoff (Las Vegas Bay), and a reference site (Overton Arm). Samples were collected in summer (July '07) and spring (March '08) to assess general health, endocrine and reproductive biomarkers, and compare contaminant body burdens by analyzing 252 organic chemicals. Sperm count and motility were measured in spring. Contaminants were detected at much higher frequencies and concentrations in fish from Las Vegas Bay than Overton Arm. Those with the highest concentrations included PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, galaxolide, and methyl triclosan. Fish from Las Vegas Bay also had higher Fulton condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and hematocrit, and lower plasma 11-ketotestosterone concentration (KT). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sperm motility did not differ between sites, but sperm count was lower by nearly 50% in fish from Las Vegas Bay. A positive association between KT and GSI was identified, but this association was nonlinear. On average, maximal GSI was reached at sub-maximal KT concentrations. In conclusion, the higher concentration of contaminant body burdens coupled with reduced levels of KT and sperm count in fish from Las Vegas Bay suggest that male reproductive condition was influenced by contaminant exposures. Also, the nonlinear KT-GSI association provided a framework to understand why GSI was similar between male bass from both sites despite their large difference in KT, and also suggested the existence of post-gonadal growth functions of KT at high concentrations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Goodbred, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, High Point, NC 27262 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Torres, Leticia] Texas Tech Univ, `Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Echols, Kathy R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Orsak, Erik] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act; U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. We appreciate the help and assistance of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area staff and the National Park Service. Jo-Ellen Hinck of the U.S. Geological Survey provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study followed animal protocols in accordance with taxon-specific guidelines (Use of Fishes in Research Committee, 2014, ). NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 219 SI SI BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.02.015 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CN9GB UT WOS:000358754100013 PM 25733205 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA Rengers, FK Tucker, GE AF Ebel, Brian A. Rengers, Francis K. Tucker, Gregory E. TI Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Hydrologic processes during extreme rainfall events are poorly characterized because of the rarity of measurements. Improved understanding of hydrologic controls on natural hazards is needed because of the potential for substantial risk during extreme precipitation events. We present field measurements of the degree of soil saturation and estimates of available soil-water storage during the September 2013 Colorado extreme rainfall event at burned (wildfire in 2010) and unburned hillslopes with north- and south-facing slope aspects. Soil saturation was more strongly correlated with slope aspect than with recent fire history; south-facing hillslopes became fully saturated while north-facing hillslopes did not. Our results suggest multiple explanations for why aspect-dependent hydrologic controls favor saturation development on south-facing slopes, causing reductions in effective stress and triggering of slope failures during extreme rainfall. Aspect-dependent hydrologic behavior may result from (1) a larger gravel and stone fraction, and hence lower soil-water storage capacity, on south-facing slopes, and (2) lower weathered-bedrock permeability on south-facing slopes, because of lower tree density and associated deep roots penetrating bedrock as well as less intense weathering, inhibiting soil drainage. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.; Rengers, Francis K.; Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.; Rengers, Francis K.; Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Rengers, Francis/E-8873-2017; OI Rengers, Francis/0000-0002-1825-0943; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU CIRES FX This work benefitted from discussions with J. Moody, B. Mirus, D. Stonestrom, and comments by anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or industry names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Ebel was supported by the CIRES Visiting Fellow Program. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 BP 659 EP 662 DI 10.1130/G36741.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CO2VK UT WOS:000359014600001 ER PT J AU Kelsey, HM Engelhart, SE Pilarczyk, JE Horton, BP Rubin, CM Daryono, MR Ismail, N Hawkes, AD Bernhardt, CE Cahill, N AF Kelsey, Harvey M. Engelhart, Simon E. Pilarczyk, Jessica E. Horton, Benjamin P. Rubin, Charles M. Daryono, Mudrik R. Ismail, Nazli Hawkes, Andrea D. Bernhardt, Christopher E. Cahill, Niamh TI Accommodation space, relative sea level, and the archiving of paleo-earthquakes along subduction zones SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENE; INDONESIA; HISTORY AB The spatial variability of Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) change influences the capacities of coastal environments to accommodate a sedimentary record of paleoenvironmental change. In this study we couch a specific investigation in more general terms in order to demonstrate the applicability of the relative sea-level history approach to paleoseismic investigations. Using subsidence stratigraphy, we trace the different modes of coastal sedimentation over the course of time in the eastern Indian Ocean where RSL change evolved from rapidly rising to static from 8000 yr ago to present. Initially, the coastal sites from the Aceh, Sumatra, coastal plain, which are subject to repeated great earthquakes and tsunamis, built up a sedimentary sequence in response to a RSL rise of 1.4 mm/yr. The sequence found at 2 sites 8 km apart contained 3 soils of a mangrove origin (Rhizophora, Bruguiera/Ceriops, Avicennia pollen, and/or intertidal foraminifera) buried by sudden submergence related to coseismic subsidence and 6 tsunami sands that contain pristine subtidal and planktic foraminifera. After 3800 cal yr B.P. (years before A.D. 1950), sea level stabilized and remained such to the present. The stable relative sea level reduced accommodation space in the late Holocene, suggesting that the continued aggradation of the coastal plain was a consequence of periodic coastal inundation by tsunamis. C1 [Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95524 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Pilarczyk, Jessica E.; Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Pilarczyk, Jessica E.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Rubin, Charles M.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Daryono, Mudrik R.] Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Ismail, Nazli] Syiah Kuala Univ, Dept Phys, Aceh 23111, Sumatra, Indonesia. [Hawkes, Andrea D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cahill, Niamh] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Kelsey, HM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95524 USA. OI Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809392, EAR-0809417, EAR-0809625] FX This study received support from National Science Foundation grants EAR-0809392, EAR-0809417, and EAR-0809625. We thank E. Yulianto and D. Natawidjaja, and students and staff at Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, for field assistance. The paper was improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers and editor R. Cox. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.1130/G36706.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CO2VK UT WOS:000359014600005 ER PT J AU Till, CB Vazquez, JA Boyce, JW AF Till, Christy B. Vazquez, Jorge A. Boyce, Jeremy W. TI Months between rejuvenation and volcanic eruption at Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIN MEMBER RHYOLITES; FISH CANYON MAGMA; CRYSTAL-POOR; RECHARGE; ZIRCONS; LOW-DELTA-O-18; REACTIVATION; IGNIMBRITES; PHENOCRYSTS; TIMESCALES AB Rejuvenation of previously intruded silicic magma is an important process leading to effusive rhyolite, which is the most common product of volcanism at calderas with protracted histories of eruption and unrest such as Yellowstone caldera (Wyoming), Long Valley caldera (California), and Valles caldera (New Mexico) in the United States. Although orders of magnitude smaller in volume than rare caldera-forming supereruptions, these relatively frequent effusions of rhyolite are comparable to the largest eruptions of the 20th century, and pose a considerable volcanic hazard. However, the physical pathway from rejuvenation to eruption of silicic magma is unclear, particularly because the time between reheating of a subvolcanic intrusion and eruption is poorly quantified. This study uses nanometer-scale trace element diffusion in sanidine crystals to reveal that rejuvenation of a near-solidus or subsolidus silicic intrusion occurred in similar to 10 mo or less following a protracted period (220 k.y.) of volcanic repose, and resulted in effusion of similar to 3 km(3) of high-silica rhyolite lava at the onset of Yellowstone's last volcanic interval. The future renewal of effusive silicic volcanism at Yellowstone will likely require a comparable energetic intrusion of magma that remelts the shallow subvolcanic reservoir and generates eruptible rhyolite on month to annual time scales. C1 [Till, Christy B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Till, Christy B.; Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boyce, Jeremy W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Till, CB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM christy.till@asu.edu RI Till, Christy/D-7771-2012; Boyce, Jeremy/A-7514-2008 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; Arizona State University FX This research benefitted from discussions with J. Lowenstern, C. Bacon, T. Sisson, R. Christiansen, H. Wright, N. Matthews, and S. Hurwitz at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and manuscript reviews by O. Bachmann, C. Barnes, K. Cooper, C. Deering, J. Lowenstern, L. Mastin, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship and Arizona State University funding to Till. We thank C. Hitzman for expert help with the Stanford University NanoSIMS and E. Miranda for electron backscatter diffraction analyses at California State University-Northridge. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 26 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 BP 695 EP 698 DI 10.1130/G36862.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CO2VK UT WOS:000359014600010 ER PT J AU Stutz, AJ Shea, JJ Rech, JA Pigati, JS Wilson, J Belmaker, M Albert, RM Arpin, T Cabanes, D Clark, JL Hartman, G Hourani, F White, CE Stutz, LN AF Stutz, Aaron Jonas Shea, John J. Rech, Jason A. Pigati, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Jim Belmaker, Miriam Maria Albert, Rosa Arpin, Trina Cabanes, Dan Clark, Jamie L. Hartman, Gideon Hourani, Fuad White, Chantel E. Stutz, Liv Nilsson TI Early Upper Paleolithic chronology in the Levant: new ABOx-SC accelerator mass spectrometry results from the Mughr el-Hamamah Site, Jordan SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition; Biocultural evolution; Radiocarbon dating; ABOx-SC pretreatment; AMS ID HUMAN-CLIMATE INTERACTION; KEBARA CAVE; PROTO-AURIGNACIAN; CALIBRATION CURVE; NEANDERTHAL SITE; ADAPTIVE SHIFT; MODERN HUMANS; MT CARMEL; AMUD-CAVE; CAL BP AB Methodological developments and new paleoanthropological data remain jointly central to clarifying the timing and systemic interrelationships between the Middle-Upper Paleolithic (MP-UP) archaeological transition and the broadly contemporaneous anatomically modern human-archaic biological turnover. In the recently discovered cave site of Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan, in situ flint artifacts comprise a diagnostic early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) assemblage. Unusually well-preserved charcoal from hearths and other anthropogenic features associated with the lithic material were subjected to acid-base-wet oxidation-stepped combustion (ABOx-SC) pretreatment. This article presents the ABOx-SC accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on nine charcoal specimens from a single palimpsest occupation layer. Date calibration was carried out using the INTCAL13 radiocarbon calibration dataset. With the bulk of the material dating to 45-39 ka cal BP (thousands of years calibrated before present), the Mughr el-Hamamah lithic artifacts reveal important differences from penecontemporaneous sites in the region, documenting greater technological variability than previously known for this time frame in the Levant. The radiocarbon data from this EUP archaeological context highlight remaining challenges for increasing chronological precision in documenting the MP UP transition. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stutz, Aaron Jonas] Emory Univ, Oxford Coll, Dept Anthropol, Oxford, GA 30054 USA. [Stutz, Aaron Jonas; Stutz, Liv Nilsson] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Shea, John J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wilson, Jim] Aeon Labs LLC, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. [Belmaker, Miriam] Univ Tulsa, Dept Anthropol, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Maria Albert, Rosa] ICREA, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Maria Albert, Rosa; Cabanes, Dan] Univ Barcelona, ERAAUB Dept Prehist Ancient Hist & Archaeol, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Clark, Jamie L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Anthropol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hartman, Gideon] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anthropol, Unit 2176, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hourani, Fuad] Univ Jordan, Fac Archaeol & Tourism, Amman, Jordan. [White, Chantel E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Stutz, AJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Oxford Coll, Dept Anthropol, 810 Whatcoat St, Oxford, GA 30054 USA. EM astutz@emory.edu RI Albert, Rosa Maria/F-2937-2016; OI Albert, Rosa Maria/0000-0003-1722-9445; Cabanes, Dan/0000-0001-6347-2513 FU National Science Foundation High Risk Research in Anthropology grant [1025352]; Leakey Foundation grant; Faculty Development Committee of Oxford College of Emory University; Pierce Institute for Leadership and Community Engagement; Gregory-Rackley Career Development Award FX We thank co-editor Mark Teaford, the associate editor, and four anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback on our submitted manuscript. Gil Tostevin, Nigel Goring-Morris, and Ofer Bar-Yosef provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by a National Science Foundation High Risk Research in Anthropology grant to AJS and LNS (Grant #1025352), a Leakey Foundation grant to AJS, LNS, JLC and TA, the Faculty Development Committee of Oxford College of Emory University, the Pierce Institute for Leadership and Community Engagement, and a Gregory-Rackley Career Development Award to AJS. The authors thank the following individuals and institutions for critical support and permissions in the field: the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, the American Center for Oriental Research, the Council for British Research in the Levant, the Yarmouk University Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology, Dr. Jaimie Lovell, Dr. Joshua Robinson, Rami Freihat, Ahmed and Nada Joudeh, and Jaimoe. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 85 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.04.008 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA CO5AT UT WOS:000359172700012 PM 26073075 ER PT J AU McLellan, E Schilling, K Robertson, D AF McLellan, Eileen Schilling, Keith Robertson, Dale TI Reducing Fertilizer-Nitrogen Losses from Rowcrop Landscapes: Insights and Implications from a Spatially Explicit Watershed Model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices; land use; land cover change; geospatial analysis; watershed management; nonpoint source pollution ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE CHANGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; DRAINAGE DITCHES; CORN-BELT; QUALITY; STREAMS; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT AB We present conceptual and quantitative models that predict changes in fertilizer-derived nitrogen delivery from rowcrop landscapes caused by agricultural conservation efforts implemented to reduce nutrient inputs and transport and increase nutrient retention in the landscape. To evaluate the relative importance of changes in the sources, transport, and sinks of fertilizer-derived nitrogen across a region, we use the spatially explicit SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes watershed model to map the distribution, at the small watershed scale within the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River Basin (UMORB), of: (1) fertilizer inputs; (2) nutrient attenuation during delivery of those inputs to the UMORB outlet; and (3) nitrogen export from the UMORB outlet. Comparing these spatial distributions suggests that the amount of fertilizer input and degree of nutrient attenuation are both important in determining the extent of nitrogen export. From a management perspective, this means that agricultural conservation efforts to reduce nitrogen export would benefit by: (1) expanding their focus to include activities that restore and enhance nutrient processing in these highly altered landscapes; and (2) targeting specific types of best management practices to watersheds where they will be most valuable. Doing so successfully may result in a shift in current approaches to conservation planning, outreach, and funding. C1 [McLellan, Eileen] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Schilling, Keith] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Robertson, Dale] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP McLellan, E (reprint author), Environm Def Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM emclellan@edf.org OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU McKnight Foundation; Walton Family Foundation FX We thank Ralph Heimlich of Agricultural Conservation Economics for analyzing the various conservation scenarios, and we gratefully acknowledge support provided by the McKnight Foundation and the Walton Family Foundation. Richard Rebich of USGS and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments which greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1019 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12333 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CO2WN UT WOS:000359017800010 ER PT J AU Jones, JV Daniel, CG Doe, MF AF Jones, James V., III Daniel, Christopher G. Doe, Michael F. TI Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic, ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; DETRITAL ZIRCON AGES; SOUTHERN LAURENTIA; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS; WESTERN MONTANA; HF ISOTOPES AB Mesoproterozoic sedimentary basins in western North America provide key constraints on pre-Rodinia craton positions and interactions along the western rifted margin of Laurentia. One such basin, the Belt-Purcell basin, extends from southern Idaho into southern British Columbia and contains a >18-km-thick succession of siliciclastic sediment deposited ca. 1.47-1.40 Ga. The ca. 1.47-1.45 Ga lower part of the succession contains abundant distinctive non-Laurentian 1.61-1.50 Ga detrital zircon populations derived from exotic cratonic sources. Contemporaneous metasedimentary successions in the southwestern United States-the Trampas and Yankee Joe basins in Arizona and New Mexico-also contain abundant 1.61-1.50 Ga detrital zircons. Similarities in depositional age and distinctive non-Laurentian detrital zircon populations suggest that both the Belt-Purcell and southwestern U.S. successions record sedimentary and tectonic linkages between western Laurentia and one or more cratons including North Australia, South Australia, and (or) East Antarctica. At ca. 1.45 Ga, both the Belt-Purcell and southwest U.S. successions underwent major sedimentological changes, with a pronounced shift to Laurentian provenance and the disappearance of 1.61-1.50 Ga detrital zircon. Upper Belt-Purcell strata contain strongly unimodal ca. 1.73 Ga detrital zircon age populations that match the detrital zircon signature of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Yavapai Province to the south and southeast. We propose that the shift at ca. 1.45 Ga records the onset of orogenesis in southern Laurentia coeval with rifting along its northwestern margin. Bedrock uplift associated with orogenesis and widespread, coeval magmatism caused extensive exhumation and erosion of the Yavapai Province ca. 1.45-1.36 Ga, providing a voluminous and areally extensive sediment source-with suitable zircon ages-during upper Belt deposition. This model provides a comprehensive and integrated view of the Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of western Laurentia and its position within the supercontinent Columbia as it evolved into Rodinia. C1 [Jones, James V., III] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Daniel, Christopher G.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Doe, Michael F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jones, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1250220] FX Reviews by Alison Till, Bill Griffin, Tamer Abu-Alam, Alan Collins, and Lithosphere Editor Kurt Stuwe helped to improve the clarity of the manuscript and figures. Daniel acknowledges support from National Science Foundation grant EAR-1250220. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 EI 1947-4253 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1130/L438.1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA CO2PY UT WOS:000359000300009 ER PT J AU Lowe, WH Muhlfeld, CC Allendorf, FW AF Lowe, Winsor H. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Spatial sorting promotes the spread of maladaptive hybridization SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation; dispersal; evolution; introgression; invasive species ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROUP SELECTION; SPOTTED OWLS; BARRED OWLS; EVOLUTION; INTROGRESSION; CONSEQUENCES AB Invasive hybridization is causing loss of biodiversity worldwide. The spread of such introgression can occur even when hybrids have reduced Darwinian fitness, which decreases the frequency of hybrids due to low survival or reproduction through time. This paradox can be partially explained by spatial sorting, where genotypes associated with dispersal increase in frequency at the edge of expansion, fueling further expansion and allowing invasive hybrids to increase in frequency through space rather than time. Furthermore, because all progeny of a hybrid will be hybrids (i.e., will possess genes from both parental taxa), nonnative admixture in invaded populations can increase even when most hybrid progeny do not survive. Broader understanding of spatial sorting is needed to protect native biodiversity. C1 [Lowe, Winsor H.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Lowe, WH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM winsor.lowe@umontana.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1050459, DEB-1258203] FX The authors thank Taylor Wilcox, Brett Addis, Claire Bayer, Leah Swartz, and Ken Honeycutt for comments on the manuscript. They also thank Norm Ellstrand, Dan Simberloff, Mike Arnold, Brad Shaffer, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful advice. Funding comes from National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-1050459 and DEB-1258203. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 8 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2015.05.008 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CO7GX UT WOS:000359328700006 PM 26122483 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Oteyza, JC Boyce, AJ Lloyd, P Ton, R AF Martin, Thomas E. Oteyza, Juan C. Boyce, Andy J. Lloyd, Penn Ton, Riccardo TI Adult Mortality Probability and Nest Predation Rates Explain Parental Effort in Warming Eggs with Consequences for Embryonic Development Time SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE life history; parental effort; incubation period; embryonic development; parental care; reproductive effort; adult mortality; nest predation ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SOUTH TEMPERATE BIRDS; INCUBATION PERIODS; NATURAL-SELECTION; AVIAN INCUBATION; CLUTCH-SIZE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; INTRINSIC GROWTH AB Parental behavior and effort vary extensively among species. Life-history theory suggests that age-specific mortality could cause this interspecific variation, but past tests have focused on fecundity as the measure of parental effort. Fecundity can cause costs of reproduction that confuse whether mortality is the cause or the consequence of parental effort. We focus on a trait, parental allocation of time and effort in warming embryos, that varies widely among species of diverse taxa and is not tied to fecundity. We conducted studies on songbirds of four continents and show that time spent warming eggs varies widely among species and latitudes and is not correlated with clutch size. Adult and offspring (nest) mortality explained most of the interspecific variation in time and effort that parents spend warming eggs, measured by average egg temperatures. Parental effort in warming eggs is important because embryonic temperature can influence embryonic development period and hence exposure time to predation risk. We show through correlative evidence and experimental swapping of embryos between species that parentally induced egg temperatures cause interspecific variation in embryonic development period. The strong association of age-specific mortality with parental effort in warming eggs and the subsequent effects on embryonic development time are unique results that can advance understanding of broad geographic patterns of life-history variation. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.; Oteyza, Juan C.; Boyce, Andy J.; Ton, Riccardo] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, Dept Sci & Technol, Natl Res Fdn, Percy FitzPatrick Inst,Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [059-10TMMCWRU] FX We are grateful to S. Ducatez, L. Kruuk, J. LaManna, M. Symonds, H. A. Woods, and our lab for helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to M. Lakim, Sabah Parks, and the Sabah Biodiversity Centre for their help in Malaysia; G. Greeff, Eskom, and the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board in South Africa; and C. Bosque, the Instituto Nacional de Parques, and the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Innovacion (Fonacit) in Venezuela. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, and IOS-1349178), and the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program. This work was conducted under the auspices of University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 40 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 186 IS 2 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1086/681986 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CN5CR UT WOS:000358447800009 PM 26655151 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL Taniguchi-Fu, RL Morgan, J Nance, T Ward, M Alvarez, DA Mills, L AF Jones-Lepp, Tammy L. Taniguchi-Fu, Randi L. Morgan, Jade Nance, Trevor, Jr. Ward, Matthew Alvarez, David A. Mills, Lesley TI Developing analytical approaches to explore the connection between endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in water to effects in fish SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aromatase inhibitors; Tamoxifen; Tamoxifen metabolites; LC-MS/MS; Environmental chemistry ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AROMATASE INHIBITOR LETROZOLE; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; WASTE-WATER; ANTICANCER DRUGS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE WATERS; ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS; TAMOXIFEN; CONTAMINANTS AB The emphasis of this research project was to develop and optimize a solid-phase extraction method and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method, such that a linkage between the detection of endocrine-active pharmaceuticals (EAPs) in the aquatic environment and subsequent effects on fish populations could eventually be studied. Four EAPs were studied: tamoxifen (TAM), exemestane (EXE), letrozole (LET), anastrozole (ANA); and three TAM metabolites: 4-hydroxytamoxifen, e/z endoxifen, and n-desmethyl tamoxifen. In aqueous matrices, the use of isotopically labeled standards for the EAPs allowed for the generation of good recoveries, greater than 80 %, and low relative standard deviations (% RSDs) (3 to 27 %). TAM metabolites had lower recoveries in the spiked water matrices: 35 to 93 % in waste/source water compared to 58 to 110 % in DI water. The precision in DI water was acceptable ranging from 8 to 38 % RSD. However, the precision in real environmental wastewaters could be poor, ranging from 15 to 120 % RSD, dependent upon unique matrix effects. In plasma, the overall recoveries of the EAPs were acceptable: 88 to 110 %, with %RSDs of 6 to 18 % (Table 3). The spiked recoveries of the TAM metabolites from plasma were good, ranging from 77 to 120 %, with %RSDs ranging from 27 to 32 %. Two of the TAM metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and n-desmethyl tamoxifen, were confirmed in most of the environmental aqueous samples. The discovery of TAM metabolites demonstrates that the source of the TAM metabolites, TAM, is constant, introducing a pseudo-persistence of this chemical into the environment. C1 [Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.; Taniguchi-Fu, Randi L.; Morgan, Jade; Nance, Trevor, Jr.; Ward, Matthew] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Mills, Lesley] US EPA, Natl Human Hlth & Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 407 IS 21 BP 6481 EP 6492 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8813-0 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CN7WV UT WOS:000358646400021 PM 26077747 ER PT J AU Neuswanger, JR Wipfli, MS Evenson, MJ Hughes, NF Rosenberger, AE AF Neuswanger, Jason R. Wipfli, Mark S. Evenson, Matthew J. Hughes, Nicholas F. Rosenberger, Amanda E. TI Low productivity of Chinook salmon strongly correlates with high summer stream discharge in two Alaskan rivers in the Yukon drainage SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRIFT; SURVIVAL; TRUTTA; TROUT; MODEL; ABUNDANCE; VELOCITY; DEBRIS; RATES AB Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations are declining for unknown reasons, creating hardship for thousands of stakeholders in subsistence and commercial fisheries. An informed response to this crisis requires understanding the major sources of variation in Chinook salmon productivity. However, simple stock-recruitment models leave much of the variation in this system's productivity unexplained. We tested adding environmental predictors to stock-recruitment models for two Yukon drainage spawning streams in interior Alaska - the Chena and Salcha rivers. Low productivity was strongly associated with high stream discharge during the summer of freshwater residency for young-of-the-year Chinook salmon. This association was more consistent with the hypothesis that sustained high discharge negatively affects foraging conditions than with acute mortality during floods. Productivity may have also been reduced in years when incubating eggs experienced major floods or cold summers and falls. These freshwater effects - especially density dependence and high discharge - helped explain population declines in both rivers. They are plausible as contributors to the decline of Chinook salmon throughout the Yukon River drainage. C1 [Neuswanger, Jason R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Evenson, Matthew J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hughes, Nicholas F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Neuswanger, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jason@troutnut.com FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Institute of Arctic Biology; Alaska EPSCoR NSF [OIA-1208927]; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Department of Biology and Wildlife and College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This work was supported by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, the Institute of Arctic Biology, Alaska EPSCoR NSF award No. OIA-1208927, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the Department of Biology and Wildlife and College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Milo Adkison, Mike Bradford, David Neuswanger, and two anonymous reviewers helpfully critiqued this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1137 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0498 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IT UT WOS:000358608600001 ER PT J AU Buxton, TH Buffington, JM Tonina, D Fremier, AK Yager, EM AF Buxton, Todd H. Buffington, John M. Tonina, Daniele Fremier, Alexander K. Yager, Elowyn M. TI Modeling the influence of salmon spawning on hyporheic exchange of marine-derived nutrients in gravel stream beds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; RIPARIAN FORESTS; ESCAPEMENT GOALS; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; REDDS; ZONE AB Salmon that spawn in streams deliver marine-derived nutrients (MDN) that catalyze trophic productivity and support rearing juvenile salmon. Salmon spawning also affects hyporheic exchange and movement of dissolved MDN through the stream bed by creating redd topography that induces pumping exchange and by winnowing fine sediment and loosening the bed, which alters hydraulic conductivity and bed porosity. The spatial extent of spawning within the channel likely governs the volume and rate of dissolved MDN exchanged with the stream bed through this process. To explore this issue, we used a two-dimensional groundwater model to predict changes in hyporheic volume, flux, and mean hydraulic residence time of dissolved MDN as a function of the proportion of the bed surface occupied by redds (P). Predictions indicate that hyporheic volume and flux systematically increase with P, while the mean hydraulic residence time of dissolved MDN in the hyporheic zone decreases sharply with P, from 5.79 h on an unspawned bed (P = 0) to 0.03 h for a mass-spawned bed (P = 1.0). Shorter residence time results from hyporheic flux increasing faster than hyporheic volume with higher P. Implications for uptake of dissolved MDN are explored with Damkohler numbers, defined as the ratio of the mean hydraulic residence time to a biogeochemical rate of interest. Given the considerable influence of spawning on hyporheic exchange, additional research is needed to determine conditions under which bioassimilation of dissolved MDN is limited by nutrient supply, extent of the hyporheic zone, or processing rate of MDN in stream beds. C1 [Buxton, Todd H.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Buffington, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Tonina, Daniele; Yager, Elowyn M.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Fremier, Alexander K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Buxton, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Trinity River Restorat Program, 1313 South Main St, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. EM riverwildflow@gmail.com RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 FU Cooperative State Research Service, US Department of Agriculture [2012-32100-06016]; US Geologic Survey [104B] FX Research was supported by funding from the Cooperative State Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Project 2012-32100-06016 and a US Geologic Survey 104B grant to the University of Idaho, Moscow. We thank Lee Roberts for help with fieldwork and Rick Healy, Roger Beckie, and Marwan Hassan for assistance with the modeling. This paper benefitted greatly from insightful comments from three anonymous reviewers. This publication is contribution No. 1083 of the Idaho Forest, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1158 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0413 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IT UT WOS:000358608600003 ER PT J AU Creed, IF McKnight, DM Pellerin, BA Green, MB Bergamaschi, BA Aiken, GR Burns, DA Findlay, SEG Shanley, JB Striegl, RG Aulenbach, BT Clow, DW Laudon, H McGlynn, BL McGuire, KJ Smith, RA Stackpoole, SM AF Creed, Irena F. McKnight, Diane M. Pellerin, Brian A. Green, Mark B. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Aiken, George R. Burns, Douglas A. Findlay, Stuart E. G. Shanley, Jamie B. Striegl, Rob G. Aulenbach, Brent T. Clow, David W. Laudon, Hjalmar McGlynn, Brian L. McGuire, Kevin J. Smith, Richard A. Stackpoole, Sarah M. TI The river as a chemostat: fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ENERGY-FLOW; DOC EXPORT; CARBON; STREAM; CATCHMENTS; TERRESTRIAL; ECOLOGY AB A better understanding is needed of how hydrological and biogeochemical processes control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from headwaters downstream to large rivers. We examined a large DOM dataset from the National Water Information System of the US Geological Survey, which represents approximately 100 000 measurements of DOC concentration and DOM composition at many sites along rivers across the United States. Application of quantile regression revealed a tendency towards downstream spatial and temporal homogenization of DOC concentrations and a shift from dominance of aromatic DOM in headwaters to more aliphatic DOM downstream. The DOC concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships at each site revealed a downstream tendency towards a slope of zero. We propose that despite complexities in river networks that have driven many revisions to the River Continuum Concept, rivers show a tendency towards chemostasis (C-Q slope of zero) because of a downstream shift from a dominance of hydrologic drivers that connect terrestrial DOM sources to streams in the headwaters towards a dominance of instream and near-stream biogeochemical processes that result in preferential losses of aromatic DOM and preferential gains of aliphatic DOM. C1 [Creed, Irena F.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [McKnight, Diane M.] INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pellerin, Brian A.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Green, Mark B.] Plymouth State Univ, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Green, Mark B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Aiken, George R.; Striegl, Rob G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Findlay, Stuart E. G.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Shanley, Jamie B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Aulenbach, Brent T.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Clow, David W.; Stackpoole, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [McGlynn, Brian L.] Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Smith, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Creed, IF (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM icreed@uwo.ca RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008; OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Green, Mark/0000-0002-7415-7209; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU USGS Powell Center; National Science Foundation [1240593] FX We acknowledge the USGS Powell Center and the National Science Foundation (Award 1240593) for their support of the research activities conducted by the 2012-2013 working group on "Organic Matter Transport by Rivers - From Land to Sea." NR 77 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 15 U2 83 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1272 EP 1285 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0400 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IT UT WOS:000358608600013 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, M Pelican, K Cross, P Eguren, A Singer, R AF Sepulveda, Maximiliano Pelican, Katherine Cross, Paul Eguren, Antonieta Singer, Randall TI Fine-scale movements of rural free-ranging dogs in conservation areas in the temperate rainforest of the coastal range of southern Chile SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis familiaris; Domestic dog; Habitat use; Protected lands; Rural communities ID DOMESTIC DOGS; HABITAT USE; CANIS-FAMILIARIS; PROTECTED AREAS; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; COMPETITION AB Domestic dogs can play a variety of important roles for farmers. However, when in proximity to conservation areas, the presence of rural free-ranging dogs can be problematic due to the potential for predation of, competition with, or transmission of infectious disease to local threatened fauna. We used a frequent location radio tracking technology to study rural free-ranging dog movements and habitat use into sensitive conservation habitats. To achieve a better understanding of foray behaviors in dogs we monitored dogs (n = 14) in rural households located in an isolated area between the Valdivian Coastal Reserve and the Alerce Costero National Park in southern Chile. Dogs were mostly located near households (<200 m) but exhibited a diurnal pattern of directed excursions (forays) away from their home locations. Dogs spent, on average, 5.3% of their time in forays with average per dog foray distances from the house ranging 0.5-1.9 km (maximum distance detected 4.3 km). Foraying behavior was positively associated with pasture habitat compared to forest habitat including protected lands. Foraying dogs rarely used forest habitat and, when entered, trails and/or roads were selected for movement. Our study provides important information about how dogs interact in a fine-scale with wildlife habitat, and, in particular, protected lands, providing insight into how dog behavior might drive wildlife interactions, and, in turn, how an understanding of dog behavior can be used to manage these interactions. (C) 2015 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Sepulveda, Maximiliano; Pelican, Katherine; Singer, Randall] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cross, Paul] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Eguren, Antonieta] Univ Florida, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Gainesville, FL USA. [Eguren, Antonieta] Univ Florida, Ctr African Studies, Gainesville, FL USA. [Singer, Randall] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Med Prevent Vet, Fac Ciencias Vet, Valdivia, Chile. RP Sepulveda, M (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. EM msepulveda@bio.puc.cl RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU Morris Animal Foundation [D10ZO-057]; University of Minnesota; Fulbright-CONICYT Doctoral; CONICYT/FONDECYT Postdoctoral [3140538]; CONICYT FB [0002 (2014)] FX Financial support for this study was provided by a grant from the Morris Animal Foundation (award number D10ZO-057) and the University of Minnesota Grant-in-Aid program. The authors wish to thank A. Espinoza, R. jara, M. Paredes, M. Rojas and P. Stowhas. Thanks to M. Ebinger and E. Silva-Rodriguez for early discussions on the topic that improved the study. Thanks to F. Villatoro for helpful comments in an advanced draft version. We thank The Nature Conservancy for their logistical support supplied by their park rangers as well as the administrative support provided by the Comite Pro-Defensa de la Fauna y Flora. MAS was funded by Fulbright-CONICYT Doctoral and CONICYT/FONDECYT No 3140538 Postdoctoral and CONICYT FB 0002 (2014) grants. This study was approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Minnesota (code number: 0906A67145). Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are grateful for the comments of the editor and 2 anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 EI 1618-1476 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 80 IS 4 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.mambio.2015.03.001 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CN5KU UT WOS:000358469000008 ER PT J AU Chen, L Li, XH Li, JW Hofstra, AH Liu, Y Koenig, AE AF Chen, Lei Li, Xian-hua Li, Jian-wei Hofstra, Albert H. Liu, Yu Koenig, Alan E. TI Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: an in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Pyrite; SIMS; Sulfur isotopes; Sediment-hosted gold deposit; Qinling orogen ID HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; CARLIN-TYPE; MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SULFATE REDUCTION; FRACTIONATION; BELT; GEOCHEMISTRY; MOUNTAINS; SULFIDE AB High spatial resolution textural (scanning electron microscope (SEM)), chemical (electron microprobe (EMP)) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)), and sulfur isotopic (secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) analyses of pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit (232 +/- 4 Ma) in the West Qinling orogen, central China were conducted to distinguish pyrite types and gain insights into the source and evolution of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids. The results reveal an enormous variation (-27.1 to +69.6 aEuro degrees) in sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite deposited during three paragenetic stages. Pre-ore framboidal pyrite, which is characterized by low concentrations of As, Au, Cu, Co, and Ni, has negative delta S-34 values of -27.1 to -7.6 aEuro degrees that are interpreted in terms of bacterial reduction of marine sulfate during sedimentation and diagenesis of the Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sequences, the predominant lithologies in the deposit area, and the most important hosts of many sediment-hosted gold deposits throughout the West Qinling orogen. The ore-stage hydrothermal pyrite contains high concentrations of Au, As, Cu, Sb, Tl, and Bi and has a relatively narrow range of positive delta S-34 values ranging from +8.1 to +15.2 aEuro degrees. The sulfur isotope data are comparable to those of ore pyrite from many Triassic orogenic gold deposits and Paleozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn deposits in the West Qinling orogen, both being hosted mainly in the Devonian sequence. This similarity indicates that sulfur, responsible for the auriferous pyrite at Qiuling, was largely derived from the metamorphic devolatization of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Post-ore-stage pyrite, which is significantly enriched in Co and Ni but depleted in Au and As, has unusually high delta S-34 values ranging from +37.4 to +69.6 aEuro degrees, that are interpreted to result from thermochemical reduction of evaporite sulfates in underlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks with very high delta S-34 values. The variations in Au content and sulfur isotopic compositions across a single ore-stage pyrite grain may reflect displacement of indigenous groundwater with low delta S-34 values by auriferous metamorphic fluids with high delta S-34 values. The very low-grade metamorphism of the host rocks and the metamorphic derivation of sulfur for the ore pyrite indicate that the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit is an epizonal manifestation of an orogenic gold system in the West Qinling orogen. C1 [Chen, Lei; Li, Xian-hua; Liu, Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Jian-wei] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Hofstra, Albert H.; Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM chenlei1211@mail.iggcas.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41303008, 41325007, 41203016, 41072057]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013 M541034]; National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB440906]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [N120401002]; State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, IGG-CAS FX We thank Assistant Prof. John Cliff and Prof. Matt Kilburn for generously sharing their pyrite reference material and Ms. Hong-xia Ma for her help with microanalytical sample preparation. Dr. Shu-Guang Hua and Mr. Ji-Xiang Sui provided help in the field. The manuscript benefited from detailed and constructive reviews by two anonymous reviewers, which are gratefully appreciated. We thank Profs. Rui-zhong Hu (AE) and Bernd Lehmann (Editor-in-Chief) for editorial handling and useful suggestions. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41303008, 41325007, 41203016, 41072057), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013 M541034), National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB440906), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N120401002), and the State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, IGG-CAS. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 6 BP 643 EP 656 DI 10.1007/s00126-015-0597-9 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA CN9RE UT WOS:000358785700001 ER PT J AU Grebmeier, JM Bluhm, BA Cooper, LW Danielson, SL Arrigo, KR Blanchard, AL Clarke, JT Day, RH Frey, KE Gradinger, RR Kedra, M Konar, B Kuletz, KJ Lee, SH Lovvorn, JR Norcross, BL Okkonen, SR AF Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Bluhm, Bodil A. Cooper, Lee W. Danielson, Seth L. Arrigo, Kevin R. Blanchard, Arny L. Clarke, Janet T. Day, Robert H. Frey, Karen E. Gradinger, Rolf R. Kedra, Monika Konar, Brenda Kuletz, Kathy J. Lee, Sang H. Lovvorn, James R. Norcross, Brenda L. Okkonen, Stephen R. TI Ecosystem characteristics and processes facilitating persistent macrobenthic biomass hotspots and associated benthivory in the Pacific Arctic SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; MARINE MAMMAL DISTRIBUTION; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BEAUFORT SEA; ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; EASTERN CHUKCHI AB The northern Bering and Chukchi Seas are areas in the Pacific Arctic characterized by high northward advection of Pacific Ocean water, with seasonal variability in sea ice cover, water mass characteristics, and benthic processes. In this review, we evaluate the biological and environmental factors that support communities of benthic prey on the continental shelves, with a focus on four macrofaunal biomass "hotspots." For the purpose of this study, we define hotspots as macrofaunal benthic communities with high biomass that support a corresponding ecological guild of benthivorous seabird and marine mammal populations. These four benthic hotspots are regions within the influence of the St. Lawrence Island Polynya (SLIP), the Chirikov Basin between St. Lawrence Island and Bering Strait (Chirikov), north of Bering Strait in the southeast Chukchi Sea (SECS), and in the northeast Chukchi Sea (NECS). Detailed benthic macrofaunal sampling indicates that these hotspot regions have been persistent over four decades of sampling due to annual reoccurrence of seasonally consistent, moderate-to-high water column production with significant export of carbon to the underlying sediments. We also evaluate the usage of the four benthic hotspot regions by benthic prey consumers to illuminate predator-prey connectivity. In the SLIP hotspot, spectacled eiders and walruses are important winter consumers of infaunal bivalves and polychaetes, along with epibenthic gastropods and crabs. In the Chirikov hotspot, gray whales have historically been the largest summer consumers of benthic macrofauna, primarily feeding on ampeliscid amphipods in the summer, but they are also foraging further northward in the SECS and NECS hotspots. Areas of concentrated walrus foraging occur in the SLIP hotspot in winter and early spring, the NECS hotspot in summer, and the SECS hotspot in fall. Bottom up forcing by hydrography and food supply to the benthos influences persistence and composition of benthic prey that then influences the distributions of benthivorous upper trophic level populations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Bluhm, Bodil A.; Danielson, Seth L.; Blanchard, Arny L.; Gradinger, Rolf R.; Konar, Brenda; Norcross, Brenda L.; Okkonen, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bluhm, Bodil A.] Univ Tromso, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Gradinger, Rolf R.] Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Arrigo, Kevin R.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clarke, Janet T.] Leidos, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Day, Robert H.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Kedra, Monika] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Lee, Sang H.] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Busan 609735, South Korea. [Lovvorn, James R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lovvorn, James R.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Grebmeier, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM jgrebmei@umces.edu RI Blanchard, Arny/C-2429-2008; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Gradinger, Rolf/E-4965-2015 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Gradinger, Rolf/0000-0001-6035-3957 FU U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); Shell Exploration and Production; ConocoPhillips; North Pacific Marine Research Institute (NPMRI) through the North Pacific Research Board [A01]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Polar Programs; NSF Division of Polar Programs [ARC-1204082]; NOAA Arctic Research Program CINAR [A101053 (NA090AR4320129)]; BOEM through the COMIDA Hanna Shoal Project [UTA11-000872]; Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries [PM13020, PM14040]; CMI; CIFAR/RUSALCA; Shell Exploration and Production Co.; Statoil USA E & P University of Alaska's Coastal Marine Institute Task Order [M07AC13416]; BOEM/DOI; NPRB (BSIERP Project) [B64]; BOEM [M10PG00050]; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management; Shell; Statoil USA; US national agency BOEM; US national agency NASA; US national agency NOM; US national agency NPRB; US national agency NSF; US national agency ConocoPhillips; US national agency Shell; US national agency Statoil USA FX This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Additional support was provided to Bluhm, Cooper, Grebmeier, and Okkonen through the PacMARS (Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis) project funded by Shell Exploration and Production and ConocoPhillips, and administered and managed by the North Pacific Marine Research Institute (NPMRI Arctic Project A01) through the North Pacific Research Board, and with oversight from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Polar Programs. Additional funding for this effort was provided to J. Grebmeier and L. Cooper by the NSF Division of Polar Programs (Grant ARC-1204082), NOAA Arctic Research Program CINAR A101053 (NA090AR4320129), and BOEM funding through the COMIDA Hanna Shoal Project (UTA11-000872). Funding for Sang Lee was provided by the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries for the financial support to the K-PORT programs (PM13020 and PM14040). Funding for the fish data collected by B. Norcross was provided by CMI, CIFAR/RUSALCA, ConocoPhillips, Shell Exploration and Production Co., and Statoil USA E & P University of Alaska's Coastal Marine Institute Task Order M07AC13416 with funds from the BOEM/DOI. Catherine W. Mecklenburg is thanked for taxonomic assistance. K. Kuletz was funded through the NPRB (BSIERP Project B64), BOEM (Interagency Agreement M10PG00050), and US Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management. ABR seabird surveys were supported by ConocoPhillips, Shell, and Statoil USA. ASAMM surveys were funded by BOEM and co-managed by BOEM and NMFS. Various US national agencies, including BOEM, NASA, NOM, NPRB, and NSF, along with ConocoPhillips, Shell, and Statoil USA, provided financial support to collect the data synthesized here by the co-authors of this manuscript. UMCES Contribution Number 5035. NR 160 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 24 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 92 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.006 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900007 ER PT J AU Lovvorn, JR Rocha, AR Jewett, SC Dasher, D Oppel, S Powell, AN AF Lovvorn, James R. Rocha, Aariel R. Jewett, Stephen C. Dasher, Douglas Oppel, Steffen Powell, Abby N. TI Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID DIET-TISSUE FRACTIONATION; THRESHOLD FOOD DENSITIES; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; WINTERING COMMON EIDERS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; KING EIDERS; BERING-SEA; SOMATERIA-SPECTABILIS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; PACK-ICE AB Four species of threatened or declining eider ducks that nest in the Arctic migrate through the northeast Chukchi Sea, where anticipated industrial development may require prioritizing areas for conservation. In this nearshore corridor (10-40 m depth), the eiders' access to benthic prey during the spring is restricted to variable areas of open water within sea ice. For the most abundant species, the king eider (Somateria spectabilis), stable isotopes in blood cells, muscle, and potential prey indicate that these eiders ate mainly bivalves when traversing this corridor. Bivalves there were much smaller than the same taxa in deeper areas of the northern Bering Sea, possibly due to higher mortality rates caused by ice scour in shallow water; future decrease in seasonal duration of fast ice may increase this effect. Computer simulations suggested that if these eiders forage for >15 h/day, they can feed profitably at bivalve densities >200 m(-2) regardless of water depth or availability of ice for resting. Sampling in 2010-2012 showed that large areas of profitable prey densities occurred only in certain locations throughout the migration corridor. Satellite data in April-May over 13 years (2001-2013) indicated that access to major feeding areas through sea ice in different segments of the corridor can vary from 0% to 100% between months and years. In a warming and increasingly variable climate, unpredictability of access may be enhanced by greater effects of shifting winds on unconsolidated ice. Our results indicate the importance of having a range of potential feeding areas throughout the migration corridor to ensure prey availability in all years. Spatial planning of nearshore industrial development in the Arctic, including commercial shipping, pipeline construction, and the risk of released oil, should consider these effects of high environmental variability on the adequacy of habitats targeted for conservation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lovvorn, James R.; Rocha, Aariel R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lovvorn, James R.; Rocha, Aariel R.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Jewett, Stephen C.; Dasher, Douglas] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Oppel, Steffen] Royal Soc Protect Birds, RSPB Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lovvorn, JR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lovvorn@siu.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); National Science Foundation's program in Arctic Science, Engineering and Education [1263051]; North Pacific Research Board Grant [820]; Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program (AKMAP); Coastal Impact Assistance Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Captains and crews of the R/V Norseman II for excellent logistical support. We also thank Max K. Hoberg of the Institute of Marine Science at the University of Alaska Fairbanks for his laboratory analyses (taxonomy, abundance, biomass, and bivalve size) of the benthic samples from 2010 to 2012. This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Additional funding was provided by the National Science Foundation's program in Arctic Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability Grant 1263051 to JRL and M. L. Brooks, and North Pacific Research Board Grant 820 to JRL (this is NPRB Publication #521). Funding for benthic field sampling and analysis was provided by the Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program (AKMAP) and the Coastal Impact Assistance Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Critical support for analyzing invertebrate samples was facilitated by C.V. Jay through the U.S. Geological Survey and M. Macrander through Shell Alaska. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 162 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900011 ER PT J AU Kuletz, KJ Ferguson, MC Hurley, B Gall, AE Labunski, EA Morgan, TC AF Kuletz, Kathy J. Ferguson, Megan C. Hurley, Brendan Gall, Adrian E. Labunski, Elizabeth A. Morgan, Tawna C. TI Seasonal spatial patterns in seabird and marine mammal distribution in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas: Identifying biologically important pelagic areas SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; GRAY WHALE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BELUGA WHALES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SPECTACLED EIDERS; BOWHEAD WHALES AB The Chukchi and Beaufort seas are undergoing rapid climate change and increased human activity. Conservation efforts for upper trophic level predators such as seabirds and marine mammals require information on species' distributions and identification of important marine areas. Here we describe broad-scale distributions of seabirds and marine mammals. We examined spatial patterns of relative abundance of seabirds and marine mammals in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas during summer (15 June-31 August) and fall (1 September-20 November) from 2007 to 2012. We summarized 49,206 km of shipboard surveys for seabirds and 183,157 km of aerial surveys for marine mammals into a grid of 40-km x 40-km cells. We used Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis to test for cells with higher relative abundance than expected when compared to all cells within the study area. We identified cells representing single species and taxonomic group hotspots, cells representing hotspots for multiple species, and cells representing hotspots for both seabirds and marine mammals. The locations of hotspots varied among species but often were located near underwater canyons or over continental shelf features and slopes. Hotspots for seabirds, walrus, and gray whales occurred primarily in the Chukchi Sea. Hotspots for bowhead whales and other pinnipeds (i.e., seals) occurred near Barrow Canyon and along the Beaufort Sea shelf and slope. Hotspots for belugas occurred in both the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. There were three hotspots shared by both seabirds and marine mammals in summer: off Wainwright in the eastern Chukchi Sea, south of Hanna Shoal, and at the mouth of Barrow Canyon. In fall, the only identified shared hotspot occurred at the mouth of Barrow Canyon. Shared hotspots are characterized by strong fronts caused by upwelling and currents, and these areas can have high densities of euphausiids in summer and fall. Due to the high relative abundance of animals and diversity of taxa, these sites are clearly important areas of congregation for seabirds and marine mammals that should be prioritized in the development of management and conservation plans. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kuletz, Kathy J.; Labunski, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hurley, Brendan] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gall, Adrian E.; Morgan, Tawna C.] ABR Inc Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Kuletz, KJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Kathy_Kuletz@fws.gov FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M10PG00050]; North Pacific Research Board [BSIERP-B64]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; ConocoPhillips; Shell; Statoil USA; BOEM [M11PG00033]; NOAA [M11PG00033]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program [M11PG00034]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [M11PG00034]; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); U.S. Department of Commerce FX This study was possible because of multiple research efforts in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. We would like to thank the many dedicated seabird and marine mammal observers, collaborating chief scientists, ship captains, pilots, and crews who made data collection possible. FWS seabird surveys were funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; IA No. M10PG00050), North Pacific Research Board (BSIERP-B64), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. ABR seabird surveys were supported by ConocoPhillips, Shell, and Statoil USA. Marine mammal surveys were supported with Interagency Agreements between BOEM and NOAA (IA No. M11PG00033). Special thanks to Allison Zusi-Cobb (ABR, Inc.) for producing the figures for this manuscript. Martin Renner was responsible for processing the raw FWS data and provided valuable discussion. We thank Robert Day and Janet Clarke for careful reviews and suggestions on early drafts, and Sue Moore, Phyllis Stabeno, Lisa Sheffield Guy, Cathy Coon, and Phil Clapham for guidance and editorial contributions. The reviews and comments of the editor, William Sydeman, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This study is part of the Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement No. M11PG00034 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). NR 135 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 136 SI SI BP 175 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.012 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN7PQ UT WOS:000358626900012 ER PT J AU Glasscoe, MT Wang, J Pierce, ME Yoder, MR Parker, JW Burl, MC Stough, TM Granat, RA Donnellan, A Rundle, JB Ma, Y Bawden, GW Yuen, K AF Glasscoe, Margaret T. Wang, Jun Pierce, Marlon E. Yoder, Mark R. Parker, Jay W. Burl, Michael C. Stough, Timothy M. Granat, Robert A. Donnellan, Andrea Rundle, John B. Ma, Yu Bawden, Gerald W. Yuen, Karen TI E-DECIDER: Using Earth Science Data and Modeling Tools to Develop Decision Support for Earthquake Disaster Response SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Decision support; earthquakes; disaster management; cyber-infrastructure ID AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE; BATHS LAW; VALUES AB Earthquake Data Enhanced Cyber-Infrastructure for Disaster Evaluation and Response (E-DECIDER) is a NASA-funded project developing new capabilities for decision making utilizing remote sensing data and modeling software to provide decision support for earthquake disaster management and response. E-DECIDER incorporates the earthquake forecasting methodology and geophysical modeling tools developed through NASA's QuakeSim project. Remote sensing and geodetic data, in conjunction with modeling and forecasting tools allows us to provide both long-term planning information for disaster management decision makers as well as short-term information following earthquake events (i.e. identifying areas where the greatest deformation and damage has occurred and emergency services may need to be focused). This in turn is delivered through standards-compliant web services for desktop and hand-held devices. C1 [Glasscoe, Margaret T.; Parker, Jay W.; Burl, Michael C.; Stough, Timothy M.; Granat, Robert A.; Donnellan, Andrea; Yuen, Karen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wang, Jun; Pierce, Marlon E.; Ma, Yu] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Yoder, Mark R.; Rundle, John B.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Glasscoe, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Margaret.T.Glasscoe@jpl.nasa.gov OI Pierce, Marlon/0000-0002-9582-5712 FU NASA FX We carried out this work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Indiana University, University of California's Davis campus, and the United States Geological Survey under NASA contracts. NASA's Applied Sciences and Advanced Information Systems Technology Programs sponsored the work. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 172 IS 8 SI SI BP 2305 EP 2324 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0824-9 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN4QJ UT WOS:000358414800016 ER PT J AU Wilson, TS Sleeter, BM Davis, AW AF Wilson, Tamara Sue Sleeter, Benjamin Michael Davis, Adam Wilkinson TI Potential future land use threats to California's protected areas SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Land use change; Conversion threat index; Oak woodlands; Coast range; IPCC scenarios; Future projections; Ecoregions; Protected areas ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; USE CHANGE SCENARIOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER CHANGE; HABITAT LOSS; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; SRES AB Increasing pressures from land use coupled with future changes in climate will present unique challenges for California's protected areas. We assessed the potential for future land use conversion on land surrounding existing protected areas in California's twelve ecoregions, utilizing annual, spatially explicit (250 m) scenario projections of land use for 2006-2100 based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios to examine future changes in development, agriculture, and logging. We calculated a conversion threat index (CTI) for each unprotected pixel, combining land use conversion potential with proximity to protected area boundaries, in order to identify ecoregions and protected areas at greatest potential risk of proximal land conversion. Our results indicate that California's Coast Range ecoregion had the highest CTI with competition for extractive logging placing the greatest demand on land in close proximity to existing protected areas. For more permanent land use conversions into agriculture and developed uses, our CTI results indicate that protected areas in the Central California Valley and Oak Woodlands are most vulnerable. Overall, the Eastern Cascades, Central California Valley, and Oak Woodlands ecoregions had the lowest areal percent of protected lands and highest conversion threat values. With limited resources and time, rapid, landscape-level analysis of potential land use threats can help quickly identify areas with higher conversion probability of future land use and potential changes to both habitat and potential ecosystem reserves. Given the broad range of future uncertainties, LULC projections are a useful tool allowing land managers to visualize alternative landscape futures, improve planning, and optimize management practices. C1 [Wilson, Tamara Sue; Sleeter, Benjamin Michael; Davis, Adam Wilkinson] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wilson, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tswilson@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. We would like to thank Jason Kreitler and Mara Tongue of the US Geological Survey for their careful and thoughtful review of the manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their detailed and meticulous reviews which significantly strengthened the manuscript. A final thank you to Gabriele Gotz, managing editor at Regional Environmental Change, and all the supporting editorial staff who helped usher the authors through the publication process. NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 EI 1436-378X J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 SI SI BP 1051 EP 1064 DI 10.1007/s10113-014-0686-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN2ZY UT WOS:000358294000010 ER PT J AU Hansen, CM Meixell, BW Van Hemert, C Hare, RF Hueffer, K AF Hansen, Cristina M. Meixell, Brandt W. Van Hemert, Caroline Hare, Rebekah F. Hueffer, Karsten TI Microbial Infections Are Associated with Embryo Mortality in Arctic-Nesting Geese SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-SHELL INFECTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; EGG-VIABILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; GOOSE GONORRHEA; SP. NOV.; INCUBATION; VIRULENCE; LETHALITY AB To address the role of bacterial infection in hatching failure of wild geese, we monitored embryo development in a breeding population of Greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. During 2013, we observed mortality of normally developing embryos and collected 36 addled eggs for analysis. We also collected 17 infertile eggs for comparison. Using standard culture methods and gene sequencing to identify bacteria within collected eggs, we identified a potentially novel species of Neisseria in 33 eggs, Macrococcus caseolyticus in 6 eggs, and Streptococcus uberis and Rothia nasimurium in 4 eggs each. We detected seven other bacterial species at lower frequencies. Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes from the Neisseria isolates most closely matched sequences from N. animaloris and N. canis (96 to 97% identity), but phylogenetic analysis suggested substantial genetic differentiation between egg isolates and known Neisseria species. Although definitive sources of the bacteria remain unknown, we detected Neisseria DNA from swabs of eggshells, nest contents, and cloacae of nesting females. To assess the pathogenicity of bacteria identified in contents of addled eggs, we inoculated isolates of Neisseria, Macrococcus, Streptococcus, and Rothia at various concentrations into developing chicken eggs. Seven-day mortality rates varied from 70 to 100%, depending on the bacterial species and inoculation dose. Our results suggest that bacterial infections are a source of embryo mortality in wild geese in the Arctic. C1 [Hansen, Cristina M.; Hare, Rebekah F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Meixell, Brandt W.; Van Hemert, Caroline] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hueffer, Karsten] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Vet Med, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Hueffer, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM khueffer@alaska.edu OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU USGS Ecosystem and Environmental Health mission areas FX This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wildlife Disease and Environmental Health program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the USGS Ecosystem and Environmental Health mission areas. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 IS 16 BP 5583 EP 5592 DI 10.1128/AEM.00706-15 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CN2UX UT WOS:000358278600033 PM 26048928 ER PT J AU Dalyander, PS Butman, B AF Dalyander, P. Soupy Butman, Bradford TI Characteristics of storms driving wave-induced seafloor mobility on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bottom wave stress; Seafloor mobility; Extratropical storms; Tropical storms; US East Coast continental shelf ID BOTTOM SHEAR-STRESS; 0.005-0.05 HZ MOTIONS; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; UNITED-STATES; ORBITAL VELOCITIES; SYNOPTIC-SCALE; INNER SHELF; SWELL WAVES; MOVEMENT AB This study investigates the relationship between spatial and temporal patterns of wave-driven sediment mobility events on the U.S. East Coast continental shelf and the characteristics of the storms responsible for them. Mobility events, defined as seafloor wave stress exceedance of the critical stress of 0.35 mm diameter sand (0.2160 Pa) for 12 or more hours, were identified from surface wave observations at National Data Buoy Center buoys in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) over the period of 1997-2007. In water depths ranging from 36-48 m, there were 4-9 mobility events/year of 1-2 days duration. Integrated wave stress during events (IWAVES) was used as a combined metric of wave-driven mobility intensity and duration. In the MAB, over 67% of IWAVES was caused by extratropical storms, while in the SAB, greater than 66% of IWAVES was caused by tropical storms. On average, mobility events were caused by waves generated by storms located 800+ km away. Far-field hurricanes generated swell 2-4 days before the waves caused mobility on the shelf. Throughout most of the SAB, mobility events were driven by storms to the south, east, and west. In the MAB and near Cape Hatteras, winds from more northerly storms and low-pressure extratropical systems in the mid-western U.S. also drove mobility events. Waves generated by storms off the SAB generated mobility events along the entire U.S. East Coast shelf north to Cape Cod, while Cape Hatteras shielded the SAB area from swell originating to the north offshore of the MAB. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dalyander, P. Soupy] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Butman, Bradford] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Dalyander, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM sdalyander@usgs.gov OI Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank Joseph Long and three anonymous peer reviewers for their evaluations. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 104 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.05.003 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN0IP UT WOS:000358097600001 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Meyer, MW Rossmann, R Gray, BR Arts, MT AF Kenow, Kevin P. Meyer, Michael W. Rossmann, Ronald Gray, Brian R. Arts, Michael T. TI Influence of in ovo mercury exposure, lake acidity, and other factors on common loon egg and chick quality in Wisconsin SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Common loon; Gavia immer; In ovo exposure; Methylmercury; Mercury ID GAVIA-IMMER CHICKS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; METHYL MERCURY; SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; OFFSPRING FITNESS; PARENTAL QUALITY; ACIDIFIED LAKES; AVIAN EMBRYO AB A field study was conducted in Wisconsin (USA) to characterize in ovo mercury (Hg) exposure in common loons (Gavia immer). Total Hg mass fractions ranged from 0.17 mu g/g to 1.23 mu g/g wet weight in eggs collected from nests on lakes representing a wide range of pH (5.0-8.1) and were modeled as a function of maternal loon Hg exposure and egg laying order. Blood total Hg mass fractions in a sample of loon chicks ranged from 0.84 mu g/g to 3.86 mu g/g wet weight at hatch. Factors other than mercury exposure that may have persistent consequences on development of chicks from eggs collected on low-pH lakes (i.e., egg selenium, calcium, and fatty acid mass fractions) do not seem to be contributing to reported differences in loon chick quality as a function of lake pH. However, it was observed that adult male loons holding territories on neutral-pH lakes were larger on average than those occupying territories on low-pH lakes. Differences in adult body size of common loons holding territories on neutral-versus low-pH lakes may have genetic implications for differences in lake-source-related quality (i.e., size) in chicks. The tendency for high in ovo Hg exposure and smaller adult male size to co-occur in low-pH lakes complicates the interpretation of the relative contributions of each to resulting chick quality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1870-1880. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Kenow, Kevin P.; Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Rossmann, Ronald] US EPA, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI USA. [Arts, Michael T.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; US Environmental Protection Agency; US Geological Survey FX The authors acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance: S.C. Houdek, C.D. Pollentier, T. Daulton, J. Wilson, P. Boma, M. Woodford, and M. Stuber assisted with nest monitoring and egg collection; J. C.Filkins, E.L. Pfeiffer, and B. Raymond conducted laboratory Hg analyses; D. Hoffman provided input on the demethylation findings; and T. Custer provided constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial and in-kind support for the present study was provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the US Geological Survey. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1870 EP 1880 DI 10.1002/etc.3001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CN4BM UT WOS:000358373500023 PM 26096773 ER PT J AU Voss, C AF Voss, Clifford TI Editor's Message: Two new editors for Hydrogeology Journal SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Editorial; Hydrogeology Journal C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Voss, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 23 IS 5 BP 845 EP 845 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1294-6 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CN2ZB UT WOS:000358291000001 ER PT J AU Cornwall, C Bandfield, JL Titus, TN Schreiber, BC Montgomery, DR AF Cornwall, C. Bandfield, J. L. Titus, T. N. Schreiber, B. C. Montgomery, D. R. TI Physical abrasion of mafic minerals and basalt grains: Application to martian aeolian deposits SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Aeolian processes; Mars, surface; Mineralogy; Mars ID NORTH POLAR-REGION; OLIVINE DISSOLUTION; PROVENANCE ANALYSIS; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; DETRITAL QUARTZ; MARS; SURFACE; DIVERSITY; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB Sediment maturity, or the mineralogical and physical characterization of sedimentary deposits, has been used to identify sediment sources, transport medium and distance, weathering processes, and paleoenvironments on Earth. Mature terrestrial sands are dominated by quartz, which is abundant in source lithologies on Earth and is physically and chemically stable under a wide range of conditions. Immature sands, such as those rich in feldspars or mafic minerals, are composed of grains that are easily physically weathered and highly susceptible to chemical weathering. On Mars, which is predominately mafic in composition, terrestrial standards of sediment maturity are not applicable. In addition, the martian climate today is cold and dry and sediments are likely to be heavily influenced by physical weathering rather than chemical weathering. Due to these large differences in weathering processes and composition, martian sediments require an alternate maturity index. This paper reports the results of abrasion tests conducted on a variety of mafic materials and results suggest that mature martian sediments may be composed of well sorted, well rounded, spherical polycrystalline materials, such as basalt. Volcanic glass is also likely to persist in a mechanical weathering environment while more fragile and chemically altered products are likely to be winnowed away. A modified sediment maturity index is proposed that can be used in future studies to constrain sediment source, paleoclimate, mechanisms for sediment production, and surface evolution. This maturity index may also provide insights into erosional and sediment transport systems and preservation processes of layered deposits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cornwall, C.; Bandfield, J. L.; Schreiber, B. C.; Montgomery, D. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cornwall, C.] Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Bandfield, J. L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cornwall, C (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. FU University of Washington departmental research grant in the department of Earth and Space Sciences FX Special thanks to Dave McDougall for help involving equipment training and sample preparation in the laboratory, Dr. Hanson Fong for SEM sample preparation, and Mike Harrell for donating some mineral samples and use of his modified Bond air mill which made this study possible. This research was partially funded by a University of Washington departmental research grant in the department of Earth and Space Sciences. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2015 VL 256 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.020 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CM0IW UT WOS:000357362600002 ER PT J AU Rocca, JD Hall, EK Lennon, JT Evans, SE Waldrop, MP Cotner, JB Nemergut, DR Graham, EB Wallenstein, MD AF Rocca, Jennifer D. Hall, Edward K. Lennon, Jay T. Evans, Sarah E. Waldrop, Mark P. Cotner, James B. Nemergut, Diana R. Graham, Emily B. Wallenstein, Matthew D. TI Relationships between protein-encoding gene abundance and corresponding process are commonly assumed yet rarely observed SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; REDUCTASE; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION; POPULATIONS; MICROARRAY; NITRITE AB For any enzyme-catalyzed reaction to occur, the corresponding protein-encoding genes and transcripts are necessary prerequisites. Thus, a positive relationship between the abundance of gene or transcripts and corresponding process rates is often assumed. To test this assumption, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationships between gene and/or transcript abundances and corresponding process rates. We identified 415 studies that quantified the abundance of genes or transcripts for enzymes involved in carbon or nitrogen cycling. However, in only 59 of these manuscripts did the authors report both gene or transcript abundance and rates of the appropriate process. We found that within studies there was a significant but weak positive relationship between gene abundance and the corresponding process. Correlations were not strengthened by accounting for habitat type, differences among genes or reaction products versus reactants, suggesting that other ecological and methodological factors may affect the strength of this relationship. Our findings highlight the need for fundamental research on the factors that control transcription, translation and enzyme function in natural systems to better link genomic and transcriptomic data to ecosystem processes. C1 [Rocca, Jennifer D.; Hall, Edward K.; Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hall, Edward K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lennon, Jay T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Evans, Sarah E.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cotner, James B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nemergut, Diana R.; Graham, Emily B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. RP Rocca, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Campus Delivery 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jenny.rocca@gmail.com RI Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008; Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; OI Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Graham, Emily/0000-0002-4623-7076 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1693 EP 1699 DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.252 PG 7 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CN2OA UT WOS:000358260100001 PM 25535936 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Rugg, ML Pegg, MA Patino, R Hammen, JJ AF Hamel, M. J. Rugg, M. L. Pegg, M. A. Patino, R. Hammen, J. J. TI Reproductive traits of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; MISSOURI RIVER; PALLID STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; EGG SIZE; AGE; GROWTH; MATURATION; RECAPTURE AB We assessed reproductive status, fecundity, egg size, and spawning dynamics of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the lower Platte River. Shovelnose sturgeon were captured throughout each year during 2011 and 2012 using a multi-gear approach designed to collect a variety of fish of varying sizes and ages. Fish were collected monthly for a laboratory assessment of reproductive condition. Female shovelnose sturgeon reached fork length at 50% maturity (FL50) at 547mm and at a minimum length of 449mm. The average female spawning cycle was 3-5years. Mean egg count for adult females was 16098 +/- 1103 (SE), and mean egg size was 2.401 +/- 0.051 (SE) mm. Total fecundity was positively correlated with length (r(2)=0.728; P<0.001), mass (r(2)=0.896; P<0.001), and age (r(2)=0.396; P=0.029). However, fish size and age did not correlate to egg size (P>0.05). Male shovelnose sturgeon reached FL50 at 579mm and at a minimum length of 453mm. The average male spawning cycle was 1-2years. Reproductively viable male and female sturgeon occurred during the spring (March-May) and autumn (September-October) in both years, indicating spring and potential autumn spawning events. Shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Platte River are maturing at a shorter length and younger age compared to populations elsewhere. Although it is unknown if the change is plastic or evolutionary, unfavorable environmental conditions or over-harvest may lead to hastened declines compared to other systems. C1 [Hamel, M. J.; Rugg, M. L.; Pegg, M. A.; Hammen, J. J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Patino, R.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, R.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Hamel, MJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mhamel2@unl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Fish were handled in accordance with federal guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, and the study protocols were approved by the University of Nebraska IACUC, protocol #667. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 592 EP 602 DI 10.1111/jai.12785 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN0DO UT WOS:000358083600002 ER PT J AU DeVries, RJ Hann, DA Schramm, HL AF DeVries, R. J. Hann, D. A. Schramm, H. L., Jr. TI Increasing capture efficiency of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson, 1905) and the reliability of catch rate estimates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS; DAKOTA; FISHES; SPP.; GEAR AB This study evaluated the effects of environmental parameters on the probability of capturing endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) using trotlines in the lower Mississippi River. Pallid sturgeon were sampled by trotlines year round from 2008 to 2011. A logistic regression model indicated water temperature (T; P<0.01) and depth (D; P=0.03) had significant effects on capture probability (Y=-1.75- 0.06T+0.10D). Habitat type, surface current velocity, river stage, stage change and non-sturgeon bycatch were not significant predictors (P=0.26-0.63). Although pallid sturgeon were caught throughout the year, the model predicted that sampling should focus on times when the water temperature is less than 12 degrees C and in deeper water to maximize capture probability; these water temperature conditions commonly occur during November to March in the lower Mississippi River. Further, the significant effect of water temperature which varies widely over time, as well as water depth indicate that any efforts to use the catch rate to infer population trends will require the consideration of temperature and depth in standardized sampling efforts or adjustment of estimates. C1 [DeVries, R. J.; Hann, D. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Schramm, H. L., Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP DeVries, RJ (reprint author), Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rjd155@msstate.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank P. Hartfield, J. Herrala, N. Kuntz, P. Mirick, J. Quinn, B. Sartain, W. Warfield, and M. Wegener for assistance in field sampling and the staff at Catfish Point Hunting Club for their hospitality. The manuscript benefited from review and input by J. Killgore and K. Murphy. This research was conducted in compliance with provisions established in the Mississippi State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 14-015. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1111/jai.12814 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN0DO UT WOS:000358083600003 ER PT J AU Stewart, DR Long, JM AF Stewart, D. R. Long, J. M. TI Growth and contribution of stocked channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818): the importance of measuring post-stocking performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOOP NETS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; IMPOUNDMENTS; ENHANCEMENT; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; RESERVOIRS; PRECISION; ACCURACY; MARKING AB In this study it was sought to quantify post-stocking growth, survival, and contribution of advanced size (178mm total length [TL]) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings, something rarely done. Channel catfish populations were evaluated before (May 2010) and after (May to August 2011 and 2012) stocking. Relative abundance, stocking contribution, and growth were different (P<0.05) in the two study impoundments (lakes Lone Chimney and Greenleaf, Oklahoma). For fish stocked in Lake Lone Chimney, stocking contribution was lower (3-35%), and average length and weight of stocked fish by age-2 reached 230mm TL and 85g, whereas the stocking contribution (84-98%) and growth in length (340mm TL) and weight (280g) were higher by age-2 in Lake Greenleaf. Given these unambiguous differences of post-stocking performance, benchmark metrics that represent population-level information such as relative abundance and average length and weight of the sample masked these significant differences, highlighting the importance of marking hatchery-fish and then following them through time to determine the effectiveness of stocking. These results suggest that stock enhancement programmes would benefit from studies that quantify post-stocking performance of hatchery fish. C1 [Stewart, D. R.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Long, J. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Stewart, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Biol Sci Bldg, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dstewa11@uwyo.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through Sport Fish Restoration Programme [F-81-R]; Sitlington Enriched Graduate Fellowship from Oklahoma State University; U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee at Oklahoma State University FX Financial support for this publication was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through the Sport Fish Restoration Programme Grant F-81-R and a Sitlington Enriched Graduate Fellowship from Oklahoma State University. We thank Drs. Phil Bettoli, Shannon Brewer, Dan Shoup, and Carla Goad for constructive comments regarding this manuscript. We thank J. Duck and N. Gonsoulin for help with field and lab work. We thank S. Spade and his staff at Byron Fish Hatchery for help marking fish and keeping them alive during the initial stages of this project. The Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee at Oklahoma State University. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1111/jai.12797 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN0DO UT WOS:000358083600016 ER PT J AU Crowell, SE Wells-Berlin, AM Carr, CE Olsen, GH Therrien, RE Yannuzzi, SE Ketten, DR AF Crowell, Sara E. Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. Carr, Catherine E. Olsen, Glenn H. Therrien, Ronald E. Yannuzzi, Sally E. Ketten, Darlene R. TI A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diving birds; Auditory brainstem response; Hearing; Vocalization ID BUDGERIGARS MELOPSITTACUS-UNDULATUS; ELEPHANT ELEPHAS-MAXIMUS; AMBIENT NOISE; BEHAVIORAL AUDIOGRAMS; COCHLEAR POTENTIALS; HEARING; SENSITIVITY; THRESHOLDS; PENGUINS; SEAL AB There is little biological data available for diving birds because many live in hard-to-study, remote habitats. Only one species of diving bird, the black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus), has been studied in respect to auditory capabilities (Wever et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 63:676-680, 1969). We, therefore, measured in-air auditory threshold in ten species of diving birds, using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The average audiogram obtained for each species followed the U-shape typical of birds and many other animals. All species tested shared a common region of the greatest sensitivity, from 1000 to 3000 Hz, although audiograms differed significantly across species. Thresholds of all duck species tested were more similar to each other than to the two non-duck species tested. The red-throated loon (Gavia stellata) and northern gannet (Morus bassanus) exhibited the highest thresholds while the lowest thresholds belonged to the duck species, specifically the lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). Vocalization parameters were also measured for each species, and showed that with the exception of the common eider (Somateria mollisima), the peak frequency, i.e., frequency at the greatest intensity, of all species' vocalizations measured here fell between 1000 and 3000 Hz, matching the bandwidth of the most sensitive hearing range. C1 [Crowell, Sara E.; Wells-Berlin, Alicia M.; Olsen, Glenn H.; Yannuzzi, Sally E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Crowell, Sara E.; Carr, Catherine E.; Yannuzzi, Sally E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Therrien, Ronald E.] EcoSmart Res, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ketten, Darlene R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ketten, Darlene R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Crowell, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Sara.crowell27@gmail.com FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DC00436]; NIH [P30 DC0466]; National Institute of Deafness and Communicative Disorders of the National Institutes of Health [DC-000466]; U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX The Animal Care and Use Committees at both the University of Maryland and the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (where the birds were housed and tested) approved all of the following procedures. We thank Edward Smith for the use of his software, Elizabeth Brittan-Powell for her training on ABR procedures, and Arthur Popper for his editing. Funding for this project was provided by several sources: National Institutes of Health (NIH) DC00436 to Catherine Carr, NIH P30 DC0466 to the University of Maryland Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, by training grant DC-000466 from the National Institute of Deafness and Communicative Disorders of the National Institutes of Health, and from U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 EI 1432-1351 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 201 IS 8 BP 803 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s00359-015-1024-5 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA CN3KX UT WOS:000358326200007 PM 26156644 ER PT J AU Watson, CC Holmes, RR Biedenharn, DS AF Watson, Chester C. Holmes, Robert R., Jr. Biedenharn, David S. TI Closure to "Mississippi River Streamflow Measurement Techniques at St. Louis, Missouri" by Chester C. Watson, Robert R. Holmes Jr., and David S. Biedenharn SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Watson, Chester C.] Biedenharn Grp LLC, Timnath, CO 80547 USA. [Watson, Chester C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Holmes, Robert R., Jr.] USGS, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Biedenharn, David S.] Biedenharn Grp LLC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Watson, CC (reprint author), Biedenharn Grp LLC, 3833 Tayside Court, Timnath, CO 80547 USA. EM chester@chestercwatson.com; bholmes@usgs.gov; biedenharngroup@yahoo.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2015 VL 141 IS 8 AR 07015008 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001021 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CN1JP UT WOS:000358176000006 ER PT J AU Cole, EK Foley, AM Warren, JM Smith, BL Dewey, SR Brimeyer, DG Fairbanks, WS Sawyer, H Cross, PC AF Cole, Eric K. Foley, Aaron M. Warren, Jeffrey M. Smith, Bruce L. Dewey, Sarah R. Brimeyer, Douglas G. Fairbanks, W. Sue Sawyer, Hall Cross, Paul C. TI Changing migratory patterns in the Jackson elk herd SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; migration; migratory distance; National Elk Refuge; predation; recruitment; summer range; survival ID NORTHERN YELLOWSTONE ELK; WOLF PREDATION RISK; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; RESIDENT ELK; HABITAT SELECTION; PREGNANCY RATES; CALF SURVIVAL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; LARGE HERBIVORES AB Migratory behavior in ungulates has declined globally and understanding the causative factors (environmental change vs. human mediated) is needed to formulate effective management strategies. In the Jackson elk herd of northwest Wyoming, demographic differences between summer elk (Cervus elaphus) population segments have led to changes in migratory patterns over a 35-year time period. The proportion of short-distance migrants (SDM) has increased and the proportion of long-distance migrants (LDM) has concurrently declined. The probability of winter-captured elk on the National Elk Refuge being LDM decreased from 0.99 (95% CI=0.97-1.00) to 0.59 (95% CI=0.47-0.70) from 1978 to 2012. We tested 4 hypotheses that could contribute toward the decline in the LDM segment: behavioral switching from LDM to SDM, differential survival, harvest availability, and calf recruitment. Switching rates from LDM to SDM were very low (0.2% each elk-year). Survival rates were similar between LDM and SDM, although harvest availability was relatively low for SDM that tended to use areas close to human development during the hunting season. Average summer calf/cow ratios of LDM declined from 42 to 23 calves per 100 cows from 1978-1984 to 2006-2012. Further, during 2006-2012, LDM summer calf/cow ratios were less than half of SDM (23 vs. 47 calves per 100 cows). Our data suggest recruitment is the driving factor behind the declining proportion of LDM in this region. Effectiveness of altering harvest management strategies to conserve the LDM portion of the Jackson elk herd may be limited. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Cole, Eric K.; Smith, Bruce L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Elk Refuge, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Foley, Aaron M.; Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes NWR, Lima, MT 59739 USA. [Dewey, Sarah R.] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Brimeyer, Douglas G.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Fairbanks, W. Sue] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82001 USA. RP Cole, EK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Elk Refuge, POB 510, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM eric_cole@fws.gov FU WGFD; Morris Animal Foundation; ISU; Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership; National Science Foundation [DEB-1067129]; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; United States Geological Survey FX We thank D. Thoma and P. Farnes for sharing climatic data. W. Ketchum and D. Harris assisted with compilation of historical elk data. Graduate students A. Barbknecht and F. Henry worked on ISU's elk study, which was funded by WGFD, Morris Animal Foundation, ISU, and Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership. T. Pratt and T. Schoultz assisted with data collection for the Refuge. Funding for A. M. Foley and P. C. Cross was provided by National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease (grant number DEB-1067129) and the United States Geological Survey. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 IS 6 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.1002/jwmg.917 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CN1JX UT WOS:000358177000003 ER PT J AU Foley, AM Cross, PC Christianson, DA Scurlock, BM Creel, S AF Foley, Aaron M. Cross, Paul C. Christianson, David A. Scurlock, Brandon M. Creel, Scott TI Influences of supplemental feeding on winter elk calf:cow ratios in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brucellosis; calf:cow ratio; Canis lupus; Cervus elaphus canadensis; elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (USA); grizzly bear; supplemental feeding; Ursus arctos; wolf ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GRIZZLY BEAR HABITAT; DEER CERVUS-ELAPHUS; WOLF PREDATION RISK; TOP-DOWN INFLUENCES; FREE-RANGING ELK; NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RED DEER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE AB Several elk herds in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem are fed during winter to alleviate interactions with livestock, reduce damage to stored crops, and to manage for high elk numbers. The effects of supplemental feeding on ungulate population dynamics has rarely been examined, despite the fact that supplemental feeding is partially justified as necessary for maintaining or enhancing population growth rates. We used linear regression to assess how the presence of feedgrounds, snowpack, summer rainfall, indices of grizzly bear density and wolves per elk, elk population trend counts, brucellosis seroprevalence, and survey date were correlated with midwinter calf:cow ratios, a metric correlated with population growth, from 1983-2010 from 12 ecologically similar elk herd units (7 fed and 5 unfed) in Wyoming, USA. Our statistical approach allowed for rigorous tests of the hypotheses that supplemental feeding had positive effects on calf:cow ratios and reduced sensitivity of calf:cow ratios to bottom-up limitation relative to top-down limitation from native predators. Calf:cow ratios generally declined across all herd units over the study period and varied widely among units with feedgrounds. We found no evidence that the presence of feedgrounds had positive effects on midwinter calf:cow ratios in Wyoming. Further, fed elk showed stronger correlations with environmental factors, whereas calf:cow ratios for unfed elk showed stronger correlations with predator indices. Although we found no consistent association between winter feeding and higher calf:cow ratios, we did not assess late winter mortality and differences in human offtake between fed and unfed regions, which remain a priority for future research. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Foley, Aaron M.; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Christianson, David A.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Foley, AM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 302 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM amfoley55@hotmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU U.S. Geological Survey; WGFD; National Science Foundation-Ecology of Infectious Disease Program [DEB-1067129] FX We thank WGFD for providing the elk survey data, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team for providing the bear density estimates, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the wolf data. Two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by U.S. Geological Survey, WGFD, and the National Science Foundation-Ecology of Infectious Disease Program (grant number DEB-1067129). Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 IS 6 BP 887 EP 897 DI 10.1002/jwmg.908 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CN1JX UT WOS:000358177000004 ER PT J AU Morrow, ME Chester, RE Lehnen, SE Drees, BM Toepfer, JE AF Morrow, Michael E. Chester, Rebecca E. Lehnen, Sarah E. Drees, Bastiaan M. Toepfer, John E. TI Indirect effects of red imported fire ants on Attwater's prairie-chicken brood survival SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Attwater's; brood survival; fire ants; indirect effects; invertebrates; prairie-chicken; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; ARABLE FARMLAND; SAND SAGEBRUSH; WILD TURKEY; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; GROUSE; HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION AB The invasive red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) has negatively affected a host of taxonomic groups throughout its acquired North American range. Many studies have hypothesized indirect trophic impacts, but few documented those impacts. We evaluated invertebrate abundance as a factor limiting juvenile survival of the endangered Attwater's prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), and whether fire ants reduce invertebrate numbers and biomass. From 2009-2013, we monitored survival of Attwater's prairie-chicken broods (n=63) with radio telemetry during the first 2 weeks post-hatch and collected daily invertebrate samples at brood sites. Broods located in areas with the highest median invertebrate count (338 invertebrates/25 sweeps) had a survival probability of 0.83 at 2 weeks post-hatch compared to 0.07 for broods located in areas with the lowest median invertebrate count (18 invertebrates/25 sweeps). During 2011-2012, we evaluated the reduction of fire ants on invertebrate numbers and biomass by aerially treating areas with Extinguish Plus in an impact-reference study design. Treated fields had 27% more individual invertebrates and 26% higher invertebrate biomass than reference fields. Our results clearly document that invertebrate abundance affects Attwater's prairie-chicken brood survival and that fire ants may indirectly contribute to low brood survival by suppressing invertebrate abundance. We posit that within the fire ant's acquired North American range, fire ants are likely contributing to declines of other insectivorous species. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Morrow, Michael E.; Chester, Rebecca E.] Attwater Prairie Chicken Natl Wildlife Refuge, Eagle Lake, TX 77434 USA. [Lehnen, Sarah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Drees, Bastiaan M.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M AgriLife Extens Serv, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Toepfer, John E.] Soc Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus Ltd, Ada, MN 56510 USA. RP Morrow, ME (reprint author), Attwater Prairie Chicken Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 519, Eagle Lake, TX 77434 USA. EM mike_morrow@fws.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2010-0008-000/509]; Central Life Sciences; Society of Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus (STCP); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge; Texas A&M University Department of Entomology; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Nature Conservancy of Texas FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Project Number: 2010-0008-000/509), Central Life Sciences, Society of Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus (STCP), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge, Texas A&M University Department of Entomology, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, and The Nature Conservancy of Texas. A. Calixto, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, provided technical guidance on study design, and helped collect data during 2011. We are especially grateful to private landowners who allowed access to their properties, and to C. Carter who served as the liaison with those landowners. Numerous volunteers and Student Conservation Association interns at APCNWR, and research technicians at Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology, assisted with field work and sample processing. D. Mueller was notably diligent. A. Pratt (STCP) and J. Kelso, The Nature Conservancy, collected brood data at Goliad County study sites. J. Mueller provided comments on an earlier manuscript draft. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the authors. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 IS 6 BP 898 EP 906 DI 10.1002/jwmg.915 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CN1JX UT WOS:000358177000005 ER PT J AU Carleton, SA Del Rio, CM Robinson, TJ AF Carleton, Scott A. Del Rio, Carlos Martinez Robinson, Timothy J. TI Feather isotope analysis reveals differential patterns of habitat and resource use in populations of white-winged doves SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE feathers; isotopes; migration; saguaro; white-winged dove; Zenaida asiatica ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SAGUARO FRUIT; DELTA-D; RATIOS; ORIGINS; ANIMALS; GROUNDS AB The white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) serves an important ecological role as a diurnal pollinator of the saguaro cactus in the Sonoran desert and an economic role as a highly sought after game bird in North America. White-winged doves are intimately linked to anthropogenic changes on the landscape and because of this, have experienced dramatic population fluctuations over the last 75 years in response, both positively and negatively, to anthropogenic changes on the landscape. To understand the factors driving population growth and decline of migratory species like the white-winged dove, it is imperative we study resource use on both their breeding and wintering grounds. To understand how populations are distributed on the wintering grounds, we tested an alternative to band recovery approaches by using stable isotope analysis. Before we could use isotope analysis to link breeding and wintering locations for this species, we first needed to determine if hydrogen (H-2) and carbon (C-13) stable isotopes in feather tissue (H-2(f) and C-13(f), respectively) could differentiate among populations of white-winged doves across their breeding range in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. H-2(f) and C-13(f) not only differentiated between populations of white-winged doves that breed in the United States, but H-2(f) also provided further differentiation in white-winged doves that breed in native Sonoran Desert and agricultural habitats in the western portion of their range. Ecological processes associated with desert resources and anthropogenic influences, specifically saguaro cacti and irrigated crops, largely determined H-2(f) in some white-winged doves in Arizona whereas H-2 of precipitation (H-2(p)) largely determined H-2(f) of doves in New Mexico and Texas. This study highlights the usefulness of stable isotope analysis to differentiate populations of animals across the landscape and the insight isotopes can provide into habitat and resource use. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Carleton, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Del Rio, Carlos Martinez] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY USA. [Robinson, Timothy J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Carleton, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM scarleton@usgs.gov FU University of Wyoming, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Arizona Game and Fish Department; United States Fish Department and Wildlife Service FX We would like to thank the game wardens and biologists from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Arizona Game and Fish Department, California Game and Fish Department, and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish for their help with this study. G. Waggerman with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, T. Mitchuson with New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, and J. Heffelfinger, K. Bristow, and B. Henry with Arizona Game and Fish Department were incredibly helpful obtaining wings from hunter check stations. Dr. N. Wolf assisted in summer collections. Earlier versions of this manuscript were improved with critical comments from Dr. D. Collins and Dr. C. Stricker. This work was funded by grants from the University of Wyoming, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Arizona Game and Fish Department, and the United States Fish Department and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 IS 6 BP 948 EP 956 DI 10.1002/jwmg.916 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CN1JX UT WOS:000358177000010 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Gude, JA Anderson, NJ Ramsey, JM AF Russell, Robin E. Gude, Justin A. Anderson, Neil J. Ramsey, Jennifer M. TI Identifying priority chronic wasting disease surveillance areas for mule deer in Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; disease surveillance; Montana; Odocoileus hemionus; resource selection; risk mapping ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HABITAT; ELK; TRANSMISSION; WINBUGS; ANIMALS; PACKAGE AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease that affects a variety of ungulate species including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). As of 2014, no CWD cases had been reported in free-ranging ungulates in Montana. However, nearby cases in Canada, Wyoming, and the Dakotas indicated that the disease was encroaching on Montana's borders. Mule deer are native and common throughout Montana, and they represent a significant portion of the total hunter-harvested cervids in the state. The arrival of CWD in Montana may have significant ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts as well as potential consequences for wildlife management. We used 18,879 mule deer locations from 892 individual deer collected during 1975-2011 and modeled habitat selection for 7 herds in 5 of the 7 wildlife management regions in Montana. We estimated resource selection functions (RSF) in a Bayesian framework to predict summer and winter habitat preferences for mule deer. We estimated deer abundance from flyover counts for each region, and used the RSF predictions as weights to distribute the deer across the region. We then calculated the distance to the nearest known infected herds. We predicted areas of high risk of CWD infection in mule deer as areas with densities above the median density estimate and within the lowest quartile of distances to known infected herds. We identified these areas, the southeast corner of Montana and the north-central border near Alberta and Saskatchewan, as priority areas for CWD surveillance and management efforts. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Gude, Justin A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Anderson, Neil J.; Ramsey, Jennifer M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana; matching Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants FX We thank the dozens of biologists and field technicians who organized and conducted the research and survey projects that produced the data we used for these analyses. M. Nordhagen and A. Messer organized and managed these data, and compiled the GIS layers used in these analyses. K. M. Proffitt provided advice and support. Discussions with P. Cross helped to identify the need for this work. Funding for this work was provided by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and matching Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grants. The use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 IS 6 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1002/jwmg.914 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CN1JX UT WOS:000358177000014 ER PT J AU Forcey, GM Thogmartin, WE Linz, GM Mckann, PC Crimmins, SM AF Forcey, Greg M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Linz, George M. Mckann, Patrick C. Crimmins, Shawn M. TI Spatially explicit modeling of blackbird abundance in the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bayesian; blackbirds; climate; crop damage; hierarchical models; landscape; MCMC; North American Breeding Bird Survey; Prairie Pothole Region; relative abundance; weather ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; LAND-COVER DATA; UNITED-STATES; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; HABITAT SELECTION; AVIAN ABUNDANCE; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; WETLAND BIRDS AB Knowledge of factors influencing animal abundance is important to wildlife biologists developing management plans. This is especially true for economically important species such as blackbirds (Icteridae), which cause more than $100 million in crop damages annually in the United States. Using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, the National Land Cover Dataset, and the National Climatic Data Center, we modeled effects of regional environmental variables on relative abundance of 3 blackbird species (red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus; yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula) in the Prairie Pothole Region of the central United States. We evaluated landscape covariates at 3 logarithmically related spatial scales (1,000ha, 10,000ha, and 100,000ha) and modeled weather variables at the 100,000-ha scale. We constructed models a priori using information from published habitat associations. We fit models with WinBUGS using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Both landscape and weather variables contributed strongly to predicting blackbird relative abundance (95% credibility interval did not overlap 0). Variables with the strongest associations with blackbird relative abundance were the percentage of wetland area and precipitation amount from the year before bird surveys were conducted. The influence of spatial scale appeared smallmodels with the same variables expressed at different scales were often in the best model subset. This large-scale study elucidated regional effects of weather and landscape variables, suggesting that management strategies aimed at reducing damages caused by these species should consider the broader landscape, including weather effects, because such factors may outweigh the influence of localized conditions or site-specific management actions. The regional species distributional models we developed for blackbirds provide a tool for understanding these broader landscape effects and guiding wildlife management practices to areas that are optimally beneficial. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Forcey, Greg M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Mckann, Patrick C.; Crimmins, Shawn M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Forcey, GM (reprint author), Normandeau Associates, 102 NE 10th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM research@gregforcey.com RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services (WS); Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate School at North Dakota State University; [WS-NWRCQA-1039] FX We thank W. J. Bleier, M. E. Biondini, G. K. Clambey, and G. L. Nuechterlein for their contributions and advice on this study. D. Anderson, D. Granfors, R. Johnson, N. Niemuth, and J. Sauer provided suggestions on the data analyses for this project. We also thank E. O'Neal for providing ArcGIS plugins to simplify the spatial analyses of weather and land use data. M. R. Sones provided copy-editing assistance on the tables and supplementary material. K. Hill edited the manuscript for content and flow. We thank B. R. Gray and 2 anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, improving it immensely. Thousands of volunteers annually conduct breeding bird survey counts, and we are grateful for their efforts. This project was funded by the National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services (WS). G. M. Linz was the study director for this project (WS-NWRCQA-1039). Financial support was also provided by the Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate School at North Dakota State University. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1033 DI 10.1002/jwmg.912 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CN1JX UT WOS:000358177000017 ER PT J AU Haynes, TB Schmutz, JA Bromaghin, JF Iverson, SJ Padula, VM Rosenberger, AE AF Haynes, Trevor B. Schmutz, Joel A. Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Iverson, Sara J. Padula, Veronica M. Rosenberger, Amanda E. TI Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic fish; Diet estimation; Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis; Yellow-billed loons ID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; SPECIES VARIABILITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FISH; OCCUPANCY; PREDATOR; ECOLOGY; INVERTEBRATES; SEABIRDS AB Understanding the dietary habits of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) can give important insights into their ecology, however, studying the diet of loons is difficult when direct observation or specimen collection is impractical. We investigate the diet of yellow-billed loons nesting on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Tissue analysis from 26 yellow-billed loons and eleven prey groups (nine fish species and two invertebrate groups) from Arctic lakes suggests that yellow-billed loons are eating high proportions of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis), broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) during late spring and early summer. The prominence of blackfish in diets highlights the widespread availability of blackfish during the early stages of loon nesting, soon after spring thaw. The high proportions of broad whitefish and three-spined stickleback may reflect a residual signal from the coastal staging period prior to establishing nesting territories on lakes, when loons are more likely to encounter these species. Our analyses were sensitive to the choice of calibration coefficient based on data from three different species, indicating the need for development of loon-specific coefficients for future study and confirmation of our results. Regardless, fish that are coastally distributed and that successfully overwinter in lakes are likely key food items for yellow-billed loons early in the nesting season. C1 [Haynes, Trevor B.; Padula, Veronica M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fish & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.; Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Haynes, TB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fish & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM thaynes9@alaska.edu RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 FU State Wildlife Grant; U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Science Foundation; NSERC FX Laboratory preparation and analysis were possible thanks to the assistance of J. Morehouse, B. Baker, S. Merrill, the Causey lab, S. Al-Shaghay and the Iverson lab. Field data were collected by T. Buckley, E. Dykstra, S. Furusawa, I. Isler, L. Koloski, C. Margolin, J. McCarter, K. Overdjuin, B. Price, T. Shoemaker, S. Stortz, A. Tate, B. Uher-Koch and K. Wright. This project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant awarded through Alaska Department of Fish & Game and the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, supported, in part, by the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. S. Wang made helpful suggestions during our analysis stage. J. Pearce, M. Lindberg, K. Titus, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful reviews that improved the manuscript. TBH was funded by a postgraduate scholarship provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and a Changing Alaska Science Education graduate fellowship provided by the National Science Foundation. Additional support was provided by NSERC research and equipment grants to SJI. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1239 EP 1247 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM9PQ UT WOS:000358041600013 ER PT J AU Petersson, A Schersten, A Andersson, J Whitehouse, MJ Baranoski, MT AF Petersson, Andreas Schersten, Anders Andersson, Jenny Whitehouse, Martin J. Baranoski, Mark T. TI Zircon U-Pb, Hf and O isotope constraints on growth versus reworking of continental crust in the subsurface Grenville orogen, Ohio, USA SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Grenville; Crustal growth; U-Pb; Oxygen; Lu-Hf ID LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BASEMENT; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WHOLE-ROCK PB; NORTH-AMERICA; LU-HF; SM-ND; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; DETRITAL ZIRCONS AB Combined U-Pb, O and Hf isotope data in zircon allows discrimination between juvenile and reworked crust, and is therefore a useful tool for understanding formation and evolution of the continental crust. The crustal evolution of basement rocks in central North America (Laurentia) is poorly constrained, as it is almost entirely overlain by Palaeozoic cover. In order to improve our understanding of the evolution of this region we present U-Pb, O and Hf isotope data from zircon in drill-core samples from the subsurface basement of Ohio. The Hf isotope data suggests juvenile crust formation at similar to 1650 Ma followed by continued reworking of a single reservoir. This similar to 1650 Ma reservoir was tapped at similar to 1450 Ma during the formation of the Granite-Rhyolite Province and subsequently reworked again during the Grenvillian orogeny. The similar to 1650 Ma crust formation model age for the suite of samples along with the presence of similar to 1650 Ma magmatic rocks suggests an eastward extension of the Mazatzal Province (or Mazatzal-like crust) and makes it a possible protolith to the subsurface basement of Ohio and surrounding Mesoproterozoic (i.e. Grenville-age) rocks. The eastward extension of this similar to 1650 Ma crustal reservoir into Ohio requires a revision of the crustal boundary defined by Nd isotopic data to be located further east, now overlapping with the Grenville front magnetic lineament in Ohio. In fact, the easternmost sample in this study is derived from a more depleted reservoir. This limits the extent of >1.5 Ga basement in subsurface Ohio and constrains the location of the crustal boundary. Further, syn-orogenic magmatism at similar to 1050 Ma suggests a potential extrapolation of the Interior Magmatic Belt into Ohio. Oxygen isotopic data in zircon suggests that during Grenvillian metamorphism, zircon recrystallisation occurred in the presence of heavy delta O-18 fluids resulting in zircon with elevated delta O-18 values. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Petersson, Andreas; Schersten, Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Andersson, Jenny] Geol Survey Sweden, SE-75128 Uppsala, Sweden. [Whitehouse, Martin J.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Whitehouse, Martin J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baranoski, Mark T.] Geol Survey, Ohio Div, Columbus, OH 43224 USA. RP Petersson, A (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Geol, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM andreas.petersson@geol.lu.se OI Petersson, Andreas/0000-0002-0533-1162; Schersten, Anders/0000-0002-2105-6172 FU Swedish Science Council [2008-3447]; Nordic infrastructure regulated through the Joint Committee of the Nordic Research Councils for Natural Sciences (NOS-N); Nordsim [390] FX This paper was funded through a grant from the Swedish Science Council through grant VR#2008-3447 to Anders Schersten. Yaron Be'eri-Shlevin, Lev Ilyinsky and Kerstin Linden are thanked for their help with U-Pb and O analyses at the Nordsim facility, Stockholm. Rebecca Lam is thanked for her help during Lu-Hf analyses and data reduction at the Memorial University in Newfoundland. John Goodge is thanked for his comments and help during the final stages of writing this manuscript. The Nordsim facility is a jointly funded Nordic infrastructure regulated through the Joint Committee of the Nordic Research Councils for Natural Sciences (NOS-N); this is Nordsim contribution #390. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, USA provided the drill core s samples for the project. NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 265 SI SI BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2015.02.016 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM7XQ UT WOS:000357910200017 ER PT J AU Gaikowski, MP Whitsel, MK Charles, S Schleis, SM Crouch, LS Endris, RG AF Gaikowski, Mark P. Whitsel, Melissa K. Charles, Shawn Schleis, Susan M. Crouch, Louis S. Endris, Richard G. TI Depletion of florfenicol amine in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) maintained in a recirculating aquaculture system following Aquaflor((R))-medicated feed therapy SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AQUAFLOR((R)); florfenicol; florfenicol amine; residue depletion; recirculating aquaculture system; tilapia ID STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE INFECTION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FRESH-WATER; ATLANTIC SALMON; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; OXOLINIC ACID; SUNSHINE BASS; NILE TILAPIA; IN-VITRO AB Aquaflor((R)) [50%ww(-1) florfenicol (FFC)], is approved for use in freshwater-reared warmwater finfish which include tilapia Oreochromis spp. in the United States to control mortality from Streptococcus iniae. The depletion of florfenicol amine (FFA), the marker residue of FFC, was evaluated after feeding FFC-medicated feed to deliver a nominal 20mg FFCkg(-1)BWd(-1) dose (1.33x the label use of 15mg FFCkg(-1)BWd(-1)) to Nile tilapia O. niloticus and hybrid tilapia O. niloticusxO. aureus held in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) at production-scale holding densities. Florfenicol amine concentrations were determined in fillets taken from 10 fish before dosing and from 20 fish at nine time points after dosing (from 1 to 240h post-dosing). Water samples were assayed for FFC before, during and after the dosing period. Parameters monitored included daily feed consumption and biofilter function (levels of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate). Mean fillet FFA concentration decreased from 13.77gg(-1) at 1-h post dosing to 0.39gg(-1) at 240-h post dosing. Water FFC concentration decreased from a maximum of 1400ngmL(-1) at 1day post-dosing to 847ngmL(-1) at 240h post-dosing. There were no adverse effects noted on fish, feed consumption or biofilter function associated with FFC-medicated feed administration to tilapia. C1 [Gaikowski, Mark P.; Schleis, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Whitsel, Melissa K.] MPI Res Inc, State Coll, PA USA. [Charles, Shawn; Crouch, Louis S.; Endris, Richard G.] Merck Anim Hlth, Summit, NJ USA. RP Gaikowski, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mgaikowski@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU Merck Animal Health through US Geological Survey FX The authors thank Ms. Theresa Schreier, Ms. Maren Tuttle-Lau, Mr. Mike Boogaard, Mr. Steve Redman and Mr. Nick Schloesser for their technical assistance in the conduct of this study. This study was fully funded by Merck Animal Health through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the US Geological Survey. The data generated in this study were accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration and other international regulatory bodies to describe the depletion of FFC residues following administration in FFC-medicated feed to tilapia. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1842 EP 1857 DI 10.1111/are.12340 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CM6SM UT WOS:000357820100006 ER PT J AU Crall, AW Jarnevich, CS Young, NE Panke, BJ Renz, M Stohlgren, TJ AF Crall, Alycia W. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Young, Nicholas E. Panke, Brendon J. Renz, Mark Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Citizen science contributes to our knowledge of invasive plant species distributions SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Citizen science; Community-based monitoring; Data synergy; Environmental monitoring; Habitat suitability models; Volunteer monitoring ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; DATA QUALITY; VALIDATION; VOLUNTEERS; ACCURACY; NETWORKS AB Citizen science is commonly cited as an effective approach to expand the scale of invasive species data collection and monitoring. However, researchers often hesitate to use these data due to concerns over data quality. In light of recent research on the quality of data collected by volunteers, we aimed to demonstrate the extent to which citizen science data can increase sampling coverage, fill gaps in species distributions, and improve habitat suitability models compared to professionally generated data sets used in isolation. We combined data sets from professionals and volunteers for five invasive plant species (Alliaria petiolata, Berberis thunbergii, Cirsium palustre, Pastinaca sativa, Polygonum cuspidatum) in portions of Wisconsin. Volunteers sampled counties not sampled by professionals for three of the five species. Volunteers also added presence locations within counties not included in professional data sets, especially in southern portions of the state where professional monitoring activities had been minimal. Volunteers made a significant contribution to the known distribution, environmental gradients sampled, and the habitat suitability of P. cuspidatum. Models generated with professional data sets for the other four species performed reasonably well according to AUC values (>0.76). The addition of volunteer data did not greatly change model performance (AUC > 0.79) but did change the suitability surface generated by the models, making them more realistic. Our findings underscore the need to merge data from multiple sources to improve knowledge of current species distributions, and to predict their movement under present and future environmental conditions. The efficiency and success of these approaches require that monitoring efforts involve multiple stakeholders in continuous collaboration via established monitoring networks. C1 [Crall, Alycia W.; Panke, Brendon J.; Renz, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crall, Alycia W.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Crall, AW (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, 460 Stagecoach Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM acrall@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0636213]; National Park Service, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; North Central Integrated Pest Management Center; USGS invasive species science program FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCI-0636213, the National Park Service as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, the North Central Integrated Pest Management Center, and the USGS invasive species science program. Logistical support was provided by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, the Department of Agronomy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. We thank all our Wisconsin data contributors. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2415 EP 2427 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-0885-4 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM1SG UT WOS:000357460000017 ER PT J AU Wilson, KE Adams, PN Hapke, CJ Lentz, EE Brenner, O AF Wilson, Kathleen E. Adams, Peter N. Hapke, Cheryl J. Lentz, Erika E. Brenner, Owen TI Application of Bayesian Networks to hindcast barrier island morphodynamics SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Coastal vulnerability; Morphologic change prediction; Probabilistic models; Fire Island, NY ID NEW-YORK; FIRE-ISLAND; SEDIMENT BUDGET; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; TROPICAL CYCLONES; LONG-ISLAND; EAST-COAST; BEACHES; EVOLUTION AB Prediction of coastal vulnerability is of increasing concern to policy makers, coastal managers and other stakeholders. Coastal regions and barrier islands along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts are subject to frequent, large storms, whose waves and storm surge can dramatically alter beach morphology, threaten infrastructure, and impact local economies. Given that precise forecasts of regional hazards are challenging, because of the complex interactions between processes on many scales, a range of probable geomorphic change in response to storm conditions is often more helpful than deterministic predictions. Site-specific probabilistic models of coastal change are reliable because they are formulated with observations so that local factors, of potentially high influence, are inherent in the model. The development and use of predictive tools such as Bayesian Networks in response to future storms has the potential to better inform management decisions and hazard preparation in coastal communities. We present several Bayesian Networks designed to hindcast distinct morphologic changes attributable to the Nor'Ida storm of 2009, at Fire Island, New York. Model predictions are informed with historical system behavior, initial morphologic conditions, and a parameterized treatment of wave climate. We refine a preliminary Bayesian Network by 1) increasing model experience through additional observations, 2) including anthropogenic modification history, and 3) replacing parameterized wave impact values with maximum run-up elevation. Further, we develop and train a pair of generalized models with an additional dataset encompassing a different storm event, which expands the observations beyond our hindcast objective. We compare the skill of the generalized models against the Nor'Ida specific model formulation, balancing the reduced skill with an expectation of increased transferability. Results of Nor'Ida hindcasts ranged in skill from 0.37 to 0.51 and accuracy of 65.0 to 81.9%. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, Kathleen E.; Adams, Peter N.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wilson, Kathleen E.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Reston, VA USA. [Hapke, Cheryl J.; Brenner, Owen] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lentz, Erika E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wilson, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kwilson@usgs.gov; adamsp@ufl.edu; chapke@usgs.gov; elentz@usgs.gov; obrenner@usgs.gov RI Adams, Peter/I-5315-2016; OI Adams, Peter/0000-0002-3158-3259; Lentz, Erika/0000-0002-0621-8954; Brenner, Owen/0000-0002-1588-721X NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.04.006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CN0JO UT WOS:000358100100004 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Stockdon, HF AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Stockdon, Hilary F. TI How well can wave runup be predicted? Comment on Laudier et al. (2011) and Stockdon et al. (2006) SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE Beach; Nearshore; Field data; Imagery; Verification; Uncertainty ID BEACH AB Laudier et al. (2011) suggested that there may be a systematic bias error in runup predictions using a model developed by Stockdon et al. (2006). Laudier et al. tested cases that sampled beach and wave conditions that differed from those used to develop the Stockdon et al. model. Based on our re-analysis, we found that in two of the three Laudier et al. cases observed overtopping was actually consistent with the Stockdon et al. predictions. In these cases, the revised predictions indicated substantial overtopping with, in one case, a freeboard deficit of 1 m. In the third case, the revised prediction had a low likelihood of overtopping, which reflected a large uncertainty due to wave conditions that included a broad and bi-modal frequency distribution. The discrepancy between Laudier et al. results and our re-analysis appear to be due, in part, to simplifications made by Laudier et al. when they implemented a reduced version of the Stockdon et al. model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.; Stockdon, Hilary F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.05.001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CN0JO UT WOS:000358100100005 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. TI Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cynomys; ecosystem function; invasive species; trophic perturbations; Yersinia pestis; especies invasoras; funcion del ecosistema; perturbaciones troficas; Cynomys; Yersinia pestis ID FERRET MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; YERSINIA-PESTIS; MOUNTAIN PLOVERS; UNITED-STATES; INTRODUCED PLAGUE; ECONOMIC COSTS; POPULATION; MONTANA; PLANT; CONSERVATION AB Invasive transformer species change the character, condition, form, or nature of ecosystems and deserve considerable attention from conservation scientists. We applied the transformer species concept to the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in western North America, where the pathogen was introduced around 1900. Y. pestis transforms grassland ecosystems by severely depleting the abundance of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and thereby causing declines in native species abundance and diversity, including threatened and endangered species; altering food web connections; altering the import and export of nutrients; causing a loss of ecosystem resilience to encroaching invasive plants; and modifying prairie dog burrows. Y. pestis poses an important challenge to conservation biologists because it causes trophic-level perturbations that affect the stability of ecosystems. Unfortunately, understanding of the effects of Y. pestis on ecosystems is rudimentary, highlighting an acute need for continued research. La Bacteria de la Peste como una Especie Transformadora en los Perritos de las Praderas y los Pastizales del Oeste de Norteamerica Las especies invasoras transformadoras cambian el caracter, la condicion, la forma o la naturaleza de los ecosistemas y merecen atencion considerable por parte de los cientificos de la conservacion. Aplicamos el concepto de especie transformadora a la bacteria de la peste Yersinia pestis en el oeste de Norteamerica, en donde el patogeno fue introducido alrededor de 1900. Y. pestis transforma los ecosistemas de pastizal al disminuir severamente la abundancia de los perritos de las praderas (Cynomys spp.) y por lo tanto causa declinaciones en la abundancia y diversidad de las especies nativas, incluidas las especies amenazadas y en peligro; altera las conexiones de las redes alimenticias; altera la importacion y exportacion de nutrientes; causa la perdida de resiliencia del ecosistema ante las plantas invasoras; y modifica las madrigueras de los perritos. Y. pestis es un reto importante para los biologos de la conservacion ya que causa perturbaciones de nivel trofico que afectan la estabilidad de los ecosistemas. Desafortunadamente, el entendimiento de los efectos de Y. pestis sobre los ecosistemas es rudimentario, lo que resalta una necesidad aguda de investigacion continua. Resumen C1 [Eads, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eads, David A.; Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1093 DI 10.1111/cobi.12498 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM8VT UT WOS:000357981200015 PM 25817984 ER PT J AU Goswami, VR Medhi, K Nichols, JD Oli, MK AF Goswami, Varun R. Medhi, Kamal Nichols, James D. Oli, Madan K. TI Mechanistic understanding of human-wildlife conflict through a novel application of dynamic occupancy models SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citizen science; crop and livestock depredation; detection probability; elephants; human-dominated landscapes; monitoring; predictive modeling; ciencia ciudadana; depredacion de cultivos y ganado; deteccion de probabilidad; elefantes; modelado predictivo; monitoreo; terrenos dominados por humanos ID HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT; PROTECTED AREAS; SITE-OCCUPANCY; PATTERNS; COMPENSATION; NEIGHBORHOOD; POPULATIONS; DEPREDATION; EXTINCTION; SELECTION AB Crop and livestock depredation by wildlife is a primary driver of human-wildlife conflict, a problem that threatens the coexistence of people and wildlife globally. Understanding mechanisms that underlie depredation patterns holds the key to mitigating conflicts across time and space. However, most studies do not consider imperfect detection and reporting of conflicts, which may lead to incorrect inference regarding its spatiotemporal drivers. We applied dynamic occupancy models to elephant crop depredation data from India between 2005 and 2011 to estimate crop depredation occurrence and model its underlying dynamics as a function of spatiotemporal covariates while accounting for imperfect detection of conflicts. The probability of detecting conflicts was consistently <1.0 and was negatively influenced by distance to roads and elevation gradient, averaging 0.08-0.56 across primary periods (distinct agricultural seasons within each year). The probability of crop depredation occurrence ranged from 0.29 (SE 0.09) to 0.96 (SE 0.04). The probability that sites raided by elephants in primary period t would not be raided in primary period t + 1 varied with elevation gradient in different seasons and was influenced negatively by mean rainfall and village density and positively by distance to forests. Negative effects of rainfall variation and distance to forests best explained variation in the probability that sites not raided by elephants in primary period t would be raided in primary period t + 1. With our novel application of occupancy models, we teased apart the spatiotemporal drivers of conflicts from factors that influence how they are observed, thereby allowing more reliable inference on mechanisms underlying observed conflict patterns. We found that factors associated with increased crop accessibility and availability (e.g., distance to forests and rainfall patterns) were key drivers of elephant crop depredation dynamics. Such an understanding is essential for rigorous prediction of future conflicts, a critical requirement for effective conflict management in the context of increasing human-wildlife interactions. Entendimiento Mecanico del Conflicto Humano - Animales Silvestre a traves de la Novedosa Aplicacion de los Modelos Dinamicos de Ocupacion La depredacion de cultivos y ganado por parte de animales silvestres es un conductor principal del conflicto humano - animales silvestres, un problema que amenaza la coexistencia de la gente y la vida silvestre a nivel global. Entender los mecanismos que son la base de los patrones de depredacion es la clave para mitigar los conflictos a lo largo del tiempo y el espacio. Sin embargo, la mayoria de los estudios no consideran la deteccion imperfecta y el reporte de conflictos, lo que puede llevar a la interferencia incorrecta con respecto a los conductores espacio-temporales. Aplicamos modelos dinamicos de ocupacion a datos de depredacion de cultivos por elefantes en India desde 2005 y hasta 2011 para estimar la incidencia de depredacion de cultivos y modelar sus dinamicas como una funcion de covarianzas espacio-temporales mientras representan la deteccion imperfecta de los conflictos. La probabilidad de detectar conflictos fue constantemente <1.0 y estuvo influenciada negativamente por la distancia a las carreteras y el gradiente de elevacion, promediando 0.08 - 0.56 en los periodos primarios (temporadas agricolas distintas dentro de cada ano). La probabilidad de la incidencia de depredacion de cultivos vario desde 0.29 (SE 0.09) hasta 0.96 (SE 0.04). La probabilidad de que los sitios saqueados por elefantes en un periodo primario t no fueran saqueados en un periodo primario t + 1 vario con el gradiente de elevacion en diferentes temporadas y estuvo influenciado negativamente por la precipitacion promedio y la densidad de la aldea y positivamente por la distancia al los bosques. Los efectos negativos de la variacion en la precipitacion y la distancia a los bosques explicaron de mejor manera la variacion en la probabilidad de que los sitios no saqueados por elefantes en el periodo primario t serian saqueados en el periodo primario t + 1. Con nuestra novedosa aplicacion de los modelos de ocupacion, separamos a los conductores espacio-temporales de los factores que influyen en como son observados, permitiendo asi la inferencia mas fiable de los mecanismos que son la base de los patrones observados de los conflictos. Encontramos que los factores asociados con el incremento en la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de los cultivos (p. ej.: la distancia a los bosques y los patrones de precipitacion) fueron conductores clave en las dinamicas de depredacion de cultivos de los elefantes. Tal entendimiento es esencial para una prediccion rigurosa de conflictos futuros, un requerimiento critico para el manejo efectivo de conflictos en el contexto de las crecientes interaccion humano - animales silvestres. Resumen C1 [Goswami, Varun R.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Goswami, Varun R.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Goswami, Varun R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Bengaluru 560070, India. [Medhi, Kamal] Samrakshan Trust, Baghmara 794102, Meghalaya, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Goswami, VR (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, 1669 31st Cross 16th Main,Banashankari 2nd Stage, Bengaluru 560070, India. EM varunr.goswami@gmail.com OI Goswami, Varun/0000-0003-2575-7301 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Asian Elephant Conservation Fund; WWF - Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Sir Peter Scott Fund; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; University of Florida Alumni Fellowship FX We record our sincere gratitude to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Asian Elephant Conservation Fund, WWF - Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Sir Peter Scott Fund, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, and the University of Florida Alumni Fellowship for financial support; Samrakshan Trust for logistical support and for investing substantial effort into data collection; Wildlife Conservation Society and Centre for Wildlife Studies for institutional support; D.I. MacKenzie and J.E. Hines for analytical advice; A.C. Williams, A. Sharma, N. Ved, K.U. Karanth, N.S. Kumar, and K.K. Karanth for encouragement; and R.J. Fletcher, R. Chellam, M.E. Sunquist, J.D. Austin, D. Vasudev, C. Rondinini, G. Heard, M. Kery, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable feedback that greatly helped strengthen this paper. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1110 DI 10.1111/cobi.12475 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM8VT UT WOS:000357981200017 PM 25757801 ER PT J AU Budy, P Conner, MM Salant, NL Macfarlane, WW AF Budy, Phaedra Conner, Mary M. Salant, Nira L. Macfarlane, William W. TI An occupancy-based quantification of the highly imperiled status of desert fishes of the southwestern United States SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colonization; conservation planning; extinction; historical data; multi-species management; occupancy modeling; regional scale; colonizacion; datos historicos; escala regional; extincion; manejo de especies multiples; modelado de ocupacion; planeacion de la conservacion ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; LOCAL EXTINCTION; STREAM; CONSERVATION; CONNECTIVITY; COLONIZATION; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES AB Desert fishes are some of the most imperiled vertebrates worldwide due to their low economic worth and because they compete with humans for water. An ecological complex of fishes, 2 suckers (Catostomus latipinnis, Catostomus discobolus) and a chub (Gila robusta) (collectively managed as the so-called three species) are endemic to the U.S. Colorado River Basin, are affected by multiple stressors, and have allegedly declined dramatically. We built a series of occupancy models to determine relationships between trends in occupancy, local extinction, and local colonization rates, identify potential limiting factors, and evaluate the suitability of managing the 3 species collectively. For a historical period (1889-2011), top performing models (AICc) included a positive time trend in local extinction probability and a negative trend in local colonization probability. As flood frequency decreased post-development local extinction probability increased. By the end of the time series, 47% (95% CI 34-61) and 15% (95% CI 6-33) of sites remained occupied by the suckers and the chub, respectively, and models with the 2 species of sucker as one group and the chub as the other performed best. For a contemporary period (2001-2011), top performing (based on AIC(c)) models included peak annual discharge. As peak discharge increased, local extinction probability decreased and local colonization probability increased. For the contemporary period, results of models that split all 3 species into separate groups were similar to results of models that combined the 2 suckers but not the chub. Collectively, these results confirmed that declines in these fishes were strongly associated with water development and that relative to their historic distribution all 3 species have declined dramatically. Further, the chub was distinct in that it declined the most dramatically and therefore may need to be managed separately. Our modeling approach may be useful in other situations in which targeted data are sparse and conservation status and best management approach for multiple species are uncertain. Una Cuantificacion Basada en la Ocupacion del Estado Altamente en Peligro de los Peces del Desierto del Suroeste de los Estados Unidos Los peces del desierto son unos de los vertebrados en mayor peligro a nivel mundial debido a su bajo valor economico y a que compiten por el agua con los humanos. Un complejo ecologico de peces, dos miembros de la familia Catostomidae (Catostomus latipinnis, C. discobolus) y un bagre (Gila robusta) (todos manejados colectivamente como las llamadas tres especies), endemico a la cuenca estadunidense del Rio Colorado, esta afectado por multiples factores estresantes y supuestamente ha declinado dramaticamente. Construimos una serie de modelos de ocupacion para determinar las relaciones entre las tendencias de ocupacion, la extincion local y las tasas de colonizacion, para identificar los factores limitantes potenciales y para evaluar la idoneidad del manejo colectivo de las tres especies. Durante un periodo historico (1889 - 2011), los modelos con el mejor desempeno (AICc) incluyeron una tendencia positiva de tiempo en la probabilidad de extincion local y una tendencia negativa en la probabilidad de colonizacion local. La probabilidad de extincion local incremento conforme disminuyo la frecuencia de inundaciones pos-desarrollo. Al final de la serie de tiempo, el 47% (95% IC 34 - 61) y el 15% (95% IC 6 - 33) de los sitios permanecieron ocupados por los catostomidos y el bagre, respectivamente, y los modelos con las dos especies de catostomidos como un grupo y el bagre como otro tuvieron el mejor desempeno. Para un periodo contemporaneo (2001 - 2011), los modelos con el mejor desempeno (basados en AICc) incluyeron a la mayor descarga anual. La probabilidad de extincion local disminuyo y la probabilidad de colonizacion local incremento conforme incremento la mayor descarga. Para el periodo contemporaneo, los resultados de los modelos que dividieron a las tres especies en grupos separados fueron similares a los resultados de los modelos que combinaron a los dos catostomidos pero no al bagre. Colectivamente, estos resultados confirmaron que las declinaciones de estos peces estuvieron fuertemente asociadas con el desarrollo del agua y que, en relacion a su distribucion historica, las tres especies han declinado dramaticamente. Ademas, el bagre se distinguio por declinar mas dramaticamente y por lo tanto tal vez requiera de manejo por separado. Nuestra estrategia de modelado puede ser util en otras situaciones en las que los datos de importancia son escasos y el estado de conservacion y la mejor estrategia de manejo para multiples especies son inciertos. Resumen C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Conner, Mary M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Salant, Nira L.; Macfarlane, William W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1152 DI 10.1111/cobi.12513 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM8VT UT WOS:000357981200021 PM 25900520 ER PT J AU Laub, BG Budy, P AF Laub, Brian G. Budy, Phaedra TI Assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies management for imperiled desert fishes with niche overlap analysis SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catostomus discobolus; Catostomus latipinnis; ecological similarity; Gila robusta; habitat selection; life history characteristics; niche overlap; threat response; caracteristicas de historia de vida; respuesta a la amenaza; seleccion de habitat; similitud ecologica; traslape de nichos; Catostomus discobolus; Catostomus latipinnis; Gila robusta ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; RECOVERY PLANS; NONNATIVE FISHES; COLORADO RIVER; FLOW REGIMES; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; STREAM; BIODIVERSITY AB A critical decision in species conservation is whether to target individual species or a complex of ecologically similar species. Management of multispecies complexes is likely to be most effective when species share similar distributions, threats, and response to threats. We used niche overlap analysis to assess ecological similarity of 3 sensitive desert fish species currently managed as an ecological complex. We measured the amount of shared distribution of multiple habitat and life history parameters between each pair of species. Habitat use and multiple life history parameters, including maximum body length, spawning temperature, and longevity, differed significantly among the 3 species. The differences in habitat use and life history parameters among the species suggest they are likely to respond differently to similar threats and that most management actions will not benefit all 3 species equally. Habitat restoration, frequency of stream dewatering, non-native species control, and management efforts in tributaries versus main stem rivers are all likely to impact each of the species differently. Our results demonstrate that niche overlap analysis provides a powerful tool for assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies versus single-species conservation plans. Evaluacion de la Posible Efectividad del Manejo Multi-Especie paraPeces de Desierto en Peligro Mediante el Analisis de Traslape de Nichos Resumen Una decision critica en la conservacion de especies es si uno se debe enfocar en especies individuales o en un complejo de especies similares ecologicamente. El manejo de complejos multi-especie suele ser mas efectivo cuando las especies comparten amenazas, respuestas a las amenazas y distribuciones similares. Usamos el analisis de traslape de nichos para evaluar la similitud ecologica de tres especies sensibles de peces de desierto que se manejan actualmente como un complejo ecologico. Medimos la cantidad de distribucion compartida del habitat multiple y los parametros de historia de vida entre cada par de especies. El uso de habitat y muchos parametros de historia de vida, incluyendo la longitud maxima del cuerpo, la temperatura de desove y la longevidad, difirieron significativamente entre las tres especies. Las diferencias en el uso de habitat y los parametros de historia de vida entre las especies sugiere que probablemente respondan de manera diferente a amenazas similares y que la mayoria de las acciones de manejo no beneficiaran equitativamente a las tres especies. Tanto la restauracion del habitat como la frecuencia con la que se le retira agua a los arroyos, el control de especies no-nativas y los esfuerzos de manejo en los cuerpos de agua tributarios contra los esfuerzos en los rios principales, tienen la probabilidad de impactar de distintas formas a cada una de las especies. Nuestros resultados demuestran que el analisis de traslape de nichos proporciona una herramienta poderosa para evaluar la posible efectividad de los planes de conservacion multi-especie en contraste con los de especie individual. C1 [Laub, Brian G.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Laub, BG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM brian.laub@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Support for this work was provided by the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind). J. Bottcher and T. Walsworth generously provided data on the 3 species in the San Rafael River. S. Bonar and 3 anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1163 DI 10.1111/cobi.12457 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM8VT UT WOS:000357981200022 PM 25627117 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Uden, DR Johnson, RK AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Uden, Daniel R. Johnson, Richard K. TI Spatial Patterns and Functional Redundancies in a Changing Boreal Lake Landscape SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; benthic invertebrates; functional traits; global change; landscape ecology; redundancy; spatial resilience ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RESPONSE DIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; TEMPORAL STABILITY; NEIGHBOR MATRICES; GAMMA DIVERSITY; ECOLOGICAL DATA; BETA DIVERSITY; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Global transformations extend beyond local habitats; therefore, larger-scale approaches are needed to assess community-level responses and resilience to unfolding environmental changes. Using long-term data (1996-2011), we evaluated spatial patterns and functional redundancies in the littoral invertebrate communities of 85 Swedish lakes, with the objective of assessing their potential resilience to environmental change at regional scales (that is, spatial resilience). Multivariate spatial modeling was used to differentiate groups of invertebrate species exhibiting spatial patterns in composition and abundance (that is, deterministic species) from those lacking spatial patterns (that is, stochastic species). We then determined the functional feeding attributes of the deterministic and stochastic invertebrate species, to infer resilience. Between one and three distinct spatial patterns in invertebrate composition and abundance were identified in approximately one-third of the species; the remainder were stochastic. We observed substantial differences in metrics between deterministic and stochastic species. Functional richness and diversity decreased over time in the deterministic group, suggesting a loss of resilience in regional invertebrate communities. However, taxon richness and redundancy increased monotonically in the stochastic group, indicating the capacity of regional invertebrate communities to adapt to change. Our results suggest that a refined picture of spatial resilience emerges if patterns of both the deterministic and stochastic species are accounted for. Spatially extensive monitoring may help increase our mechanistic understanding of community-level responses and resilience to regional environmental change, insights that are critical for developing management and conservation agendas in this current period of rapid environmental transformation. C1 [Angeler, David G.; Johnson, Richard K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Uden, Daniel R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se FU August T. Larsson Foundation (NJ Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsradet [2014-5828]; Swedish Research Council Formas [2014-1193]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska - Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management, and the many people involved in the monitoring program for making the analyses of these datasets possible are gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by the August T. Larsson Foundation (NJ Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) and the Swedish Research Councils Vetenskapsradet (2014-5828) and Formas (2014-1193). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska - Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Graeme Cumming, Dirac Twidwell, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous manuscript versions. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2015 VL 18 IS 5 BP 889 EP 902 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9871-z PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FI UT WOS:000358089100013 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Guntenspergen, GR AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Response of Plant Productivity to Experimental Flooding in a Stable and a Submerging Marsh SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biomass; mesocosm; wetland; sea level; accretion ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SALT-MARSH; SURFACE ELEVATION; TIDAL MARSHES; YANGTZE DELTA; VEGETATION; PATENS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Recent models of tidal marsh evolution rely largely on the premise that plants are most productive at an optimal flooding regime that occurs when soil elevations are somewhere between mean sea level and mean high tide. Here, we use 4 years of manipulative "marsh organ" flooding experiments to test the generality of this conceptual framework and to examine how the optimal flooding frequency may change between years and locations. In our experiments, above and belowground growth of Schoenoplectus americanus was most rapid when flooded about 40% of the time in a rapidly submerging marsh and when flooded about 25% of the time in a historically stable marsh. Optimum flooding durations were nearly identical in each year of the experiment and did not differ for above and belowground growth. In contrast, above and belowground growth of Spartina patens decreased monotonically with increased flooding in all years and at both sites, indicating no optimal flooding frequency or elevation relative to sea level. Growth patterns in both species suggest a wider tolerance to flooding, and greater biomass for a given flooding duration, in the rapidly deteriorating marsh. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM kirwan@vims.edu FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; NSF LTER [1237733]; NSF Coastal SEES [1426981] FX This work was supported by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, NSF LTER #1237733, and NSF Coastal SEES #1426981. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is contribution number 3446 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2015 VL 18 IS 5 BP 903 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9870-0 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FI UT WOS:000358089100014 ER PT J AU Eros, T Campbell Grant, EH AF Eros, Tibor Campbell Grant, Evan H. TI Unifying research on the fragmentation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats: patches, connectivity and the matrix in riverscapes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dendritic networks; dispersal; landscape permeability; matrix ecology; patch-matrix model ID POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; RIVER SYSTEMS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; DISPERSAL BARRIERS; EXTINCTION RISK; FISH DISPERSAL AB 1. While there is an increasing emphasis in terrestrial ecology on determining the influence of the area that surrounds habitat patches (the landscape 'matrix') relative to the characteristics of the patches themselves, research on these aspects in running waters is still rather underrepresented. 2. Here we outline conceptual foundations of matrix ecology for stream and river ecosystems ('riverscapes'). We discuss how a hierarchical, patch-based perspective is necessary for the delineation of habitat patches and the surrounding matrix, through which we may identify two classes of habitat edges in riverscapes (i.e. edges between the terrestrial-aquatic interface and edges within streams). 3. Under this conceptual framework, we discuss the role of the matrix in influencing between-patch movement, and resource quality and quantity within and among habitat patches in riverscapes. We also review types of empirical and modelling approaches which may advance our understanding of fragmentation effects in these systems. 4. We identify five key challenges for understanding fragmentation and matrix effects more completely: (i) defining populations and their status (i.e. quantifying the demographic contribution of habitat patches to metapopulation dynamics), (ii) scaling from metapopulations to metacommunities (particularly searching for generalities in species responses to landscape heterogeneity), (iii) scaling from metacommunities to metaecosystems (i.e. exploring the interactive role of the terrestrial-aquatic and within-stream matrix effects on the flow of material and energy at the network scale), (iv) understanding temporal dynamics in matrix permeability and (v) revealing the utility of different patch and matrix representations for modelling connectivity relationships. 5. Fragmentation of habitats is a critical issue in the conservation and management of stream networks across spatial scales. Although the effects of individual barriers (e.g. dams) are well documented, we argue that a more comprehensive patch-matrix landscape model will improve our understanding of fragmentation effects and improve management in riverscapes. C1 [Eros, Tibor] MTA Ctr Ecol Res, Balaton Limnol Inst, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary. [Campbell Grant, Evan H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Eros, T (reprint author), MTA Ctr Ecol Res, Balaton Limnol Inst, Klebelsberg Ku 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary. EM eros.tibor@okologia.mta.hu FU OTKA [K104279]; Bolyai Janos Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the OTKA K104279 grant and the Bolyai Janos Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The manuscript was improved with comments from the Northeast ARMI and Letcher research groups at the SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory. This is contribution 508 of the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) of the U.S. Geological Survey. We would like to express our thanks to Alan Hildrew and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which significantly improved the quality of the paper. NR 136 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 27 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1487 EP 1501 DI 10.1111/fwb.12596 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CM9GZ UT WOS:000358017100002 ER PT J AU Ganser, AM Newton, TJ Haro, RJ AF Ganser, Alissa M. Newton, Teresa J. Haro, Roger J. TI Effects of elevated water temperature on physiological responses in adult freshwater mussels SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonium excretion; climate change; O:N ratio; oxygen consumption; Unionidae ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL TOLERANCE; UNIONID MUSSELS; DEPENDENT BIOGEOGRAPHY; OXYGEN LIMITATION; AMMONIA EXCRETION; MARINE FISHES; SPECIES ROLES; STREAM; COMMUNITIES AB Freshwater mussels (order Unionoida) face multiple environmental stressors, which pose serious conservation challenges to this diverse assemblage of aquatic invertebrates. Of these stressors, elevated water temperature from global climate change and other anthropogenic sources may be the most ubiquitous and could be placing many mussel populations dangerously close to their thermal maxima. We tested the hypothesis that elevated water temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) adversely affected physiological responses in adults of four North American species of mussels (Amblema plicata, Elliptio complanata, Fusconaia flava and Lampsilis cardium) in 21-d laboratory tests. Oxygen consumption rates were directly affected by temperature in E.complanata and L.cardium, and indirectly affected by temperature in A.plicata and F.flava. Rates of O-2 consumption were generally positively correlated with water temperature. Ammonium excretion rates varied significantly with temperature in E.complanata and generally increased with temperature. The amount of O-2 consumed relative to nitrogen excreted (O:N ratio), varied significantly with temperature in A.plicata, E.complanata and F.flava. The tissue condition index varied among temperatures and species. These data suggest that elevated temperatures can alter metabolic rates in native mussels and may decrease the amount of energy that is available for key biological processes, such as survival, growth and reproduction. C1 [Ganser, Alissa M.; Haro, Roger J.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Ganser, AM (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, 580 S Preston St, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM alissamganser@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; University of Wisconsin at La Crosse River Studies Center FX We thank W. Greg Cope, Patty Ries and Bob Kennedy for help with mussel collection and Greg Sandland for statistical analysis. Two referees provided comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This research was funded by the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and the University of Wisconsin at La Crosse River Studies Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1705 EP 1716 DI 10.1111/fwb.12603 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CM9GZ UT WOS:000358017100020 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Peng, CH Chen, H Fang, XQ Liu, JX Jiang, H Yang, YZ Yang, G AF Zhu, Qiuan Peng, Changhui Chen, Huai Fang, Xiuqin Liu, Jinxun Jiang, Hong Yang, Yanzheng Yang, Gang TI Estimating global natural wetland methane emissions using process modelling: spatio-temporal patterns and contributions to atmospheric methane fluctuations SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric methane; climate change; interannual variability; methane emissions; wetlands ID COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP; GROWTH-RATE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PRESENT STATE; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; FLUXES; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS AB AimThe fluctuations of atmospheric methane (CH4) that have occurred in recent decades are not fully understood, particularly with regard to the contribution from wetlands. The application of spatially explicit parameters has been suggested as an effective method for reducing uncertainties in bottom-up approaches to wetland CH4 emissions, but has not been included in recent studies. Our goal was to estimate spatio-temporal patterns of global wetland CH4 emissions using a process model and then to identify the contribution of wetland emissions to atmospheric CH4 fluctuations. LocationGlobal. MethodsA process-based model integrated with full descriptions of methanogenesis (TRIPLEX-GHG) was used to simulate global wetland CH4 emissions. ResultsGlobal annual wetland CH4 emissions ranged from 209 to 245Tg CH4 year(-1) between 1901 and 2012, with peaks occurring in 1991 and 2012. There is a decreasing trend between 1990 and 2010 with a rate of approximately 0.48Tg CH4 year(-1), which was largely caused by emissions from tropical wetlands showing a decreasing trend of 0.44Tg CH4 year(-1) since the 1970s. Emissions from tropical, temperate and high-latitude wetlands comprised 59, 26 and 15% of global emissions, respectively. Main conclusionGlobal wetland CH4 emissions, the interannual variability of which was primary controlled by tropical wetlands, partially drive the atmospheric CH4 burden. The stable to decreasing trend in wetland CH4 emissions, a result of a balance of emissions from tropical and extratropical wetlands, was a particular factor in slowing the atmospheric CH4 growth rate during the 1990s. The rapid decrease in tropical wetland CH4 emissions that began in 2000 was supposed to offset the increase in anthropogenic emissions and resulted in a relatively stable level of atmospheric CH4 from 2000 to 2006. Increasing wetland CH4 emissions, particularly after 2010, should be an important contributor to the growth in atmospheric CH4 seen since 2007. C1 [Zhu, Qiuan; Peng, Changhui; Chen, Huai; Yang, Yanzheng; Yang, Gang] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Qiuan; Peng, Changhui; Chen, Huai; Fang, Xiuqin] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Fang, Xiuqin] Hohai Univ, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinxun] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jiang, Hong] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Peng, CH (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. EM qiuan.zhu@gmail.com; peng.changhui@uqam.ca RI Chen, Huai/A-7418-2015 OI Chen, Huai/0000-0001-6208-1481 FU National Basic Research Programme of China [2013CB956602]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201079]; Programme of NCET [Z111021203]; Northwest AF University [Z109021204]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Programme of China (2013CB956602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41201079), the Programme of NCET, Start-up Funds (Z111021203) and Basic Research Funds (Z109021204) of Northwest A&F University and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant. We would also like to acknowledge P. Ciais and P. Bousquet for providing the atmospheric inversions and J. R. Melton for providing WETCHIMP dataset. We also thank three anonymous referees for their constructive comments. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 959 EP 972 DI 10.1111/geb.12307 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CM7FL UT WOS:000357855700009 ER PT J AU Flory, SL Clay, K Emery, SM Robb, JR Winters, B AF Flory, S. Luke Clay, Keith Emery, Sarah M. Robb, Joseph R. Winters, Brian TI Fire and non-native grass invasion interact to suppress tree regeneration in temperate deciduous forests SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern deciduous forest; fire behaviour; fire intensity; flame height; forest succession; Microstegium vimineum; prescribed fire; stiltgrass ID MICROSTEGIUM-VIMINEUM; EXOTIC GRASSES; MANAGEMENT; SAVANNAS; PLANTS; USA; COMMUNITIES; BEHAVIOR; CYCLE AB While many ecosystems depend on fire to maintain biodiversity, non-native plant invasions can enhance fire intensity, suppressing native species and generating a fire-invasion feedback. These dynamics have been observed in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, but fire-invasion interactions in temperate deciduous forests, where prescribed fires are often used as management tools to enhance native diversity, have rarely been investigated. Here we evaluated the effects of a widespread invasive grass on fire behaviour in eastern deciduous forests in the USA and the potential effects of fire and invasions on tree regeneration. We planted native trees into invaded and uninvaded forests, quantified fuel loads, then applied landscape-scale prescribed fires and no-burn controls, and measured fire behaviour and tree seedling and invasive plant performance. Our results show that fires in invaded habitats were significantly more intense, including higher fire temperatures, longer duration and higher flame heights, even though invasions did not alter total fuel loads. The invasion plus fire treatment suppressed native tree seedling survival by 54% compared to invasions without fire, and invasions reduced natural tree recruitment by 66%. We also show that invasive plant biomass did not change from one season to the next in plots where fire was applied, but invader biomass declined significantly in unburned reference plots, suggesting a positive invasive grass-fire feedback.Synthesis and applications. These findings demonstrate that fire-invasion interactions can have significant consequences for invaded temperate forest ecosystems by increasing fire intensity and reducing tree establishment while promoting invasive plant persistence. To encourage tree regeneration and slow invasive spread, we recommend that forest managers remove invasions prior to applying prescribed fires or avoid the use of fire in habitats invaded by non-native grasses. These findings demonstrate that fire-invasion interactions can have significant consequences for invaded temperate forest ecosystems by increasing fire intensity and reducing tree establishment while promoting invasive plant persistence. To encourage tree regeneration and slow invasive spread, we recommend that forest managers remove invasions prior to applying prescribed fires or avoid the use of fire in habitats invaded by non-native grasses. C1 [Flory, S. Luke] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Clay, Keith] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Emery, Sarah M.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Robb, Joseph R.; Winters, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Oaks Natl Wildlife Refuge, Madison, IN 47250 USA. RP Flory, SL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, McCarty Hall B 3127, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM flory@ufl.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 08-1-2-01] FX We thank the staff of Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge for their invaluable assistance in conducting prescribed fires and measuring fuels, fire behaviour and plant responses. This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP 08-1-2-01). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12437 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM9CR UT WOS:000358004300022 ER PT J AU Deng, S Cilona, A Morrow, C Mapeli, C Liu, C Lockner, D Prasad, M Aydin, A AF Deng, Shang Cilona, Antonino Morrow, Carolyn Mapeli, Cesar Liu, Chun Lockner, David Prasad, Manika Aydin, Atilla TI Cross-bedding related anisotropy and its interplay with various boundary conditions in the formation and orientation of joints in an aeolian sandstone SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cross-bed package confined joints; Joint zones; Cross-bed orientations; Interplay between rock anisotropy and strain boundary conditions; P-wave anisotropy; Aztec Sandstone ID FIRE STATE-PARK; AZTEC SANDSTONE; SOUTHERN NEVADA; MONTEREY FORMATION; STRESS ROTATION; FLUID-FLOW; DEFORMATION; VALLEY; RANGE; ROCKS AB Previous research revealed that the cross-bedding related anisotropy in Jurassic aeolian Aztec Sandstone cropping out in the Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, affects the orientation of compaction bands, also known as anti-cracks or closing mode structures. We hypothesize that cross-bedding should have a similar influence on the orientation of the opening mode joints within the same rock at the same location. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between the orientation of cross-beds and the orientation of different categories of joint sets including cross-bed package confined joints and joint zones in the Aztec Sandstone. The field data show that the cross-bed package confined joints occur at high-angle to bedding and trend roughly parallel to the dip direction of the cross-beds. In comparison, the roughly N-S trending joint zones appear not to be influenced by the cross-beds in any significant way but frequently truncate against the dune boundaries. To characterize the anisotropy due to cross-bedding in the Aztec Sandstone, we measured the P-wave velocities parallel and perpendicular to bedding from 11 samples and determined an average P-wave anisotropy to be slightly larger than 13%. From these results, a model based on the generalized Hooke's law for anisotropic materials is used to analyze deformation of cross-bedded sandstone as a transversely isotropic material. In the analysis, the dip angle of cross-beds is assumed to be constant and the strike orientation varying from 00 to 3590 in the east (x), north (y), and up (z) coordinate system. We find qualitative agreement between most of the model results and the observed field relations between cross-beds and the corresponding joint sets. The results also suggest that uniaxial extension (epsilon(zz) > epsilon(xx) = epsilon(yy) = 0) and axisymmetric extension (epsilon(xx) = epsilon(yy) < epsilon(zz) and epsilon(xx) = epsilon(yy) > epsilon(zz)) would amplify the influence of cross-bedding associated anisotropy on the joint orientation whereas a triaxial extension (epsilon(xx) > epsilon(yy) > epsilon(zz)) would mitigate this influence. We suggest that the potential implication of different categories of joint sets (i.e., cross-bed package confined joints and joint zones) forming in response to the variation of the boundary conditions (axisymmetric extension and triaxial extension, respectively) and the interplay with the rock anisotropy is significant. These results have important implications for fluid flow through aeolian sandstones in reservoirs and aquifers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deng, Shang; Cilona, Antonino; Liu, Chun; Aydin, Atilla] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Morrow, Carolyn; Lockner, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mapeli, Cesar; Prasad, Manika] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Petr Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deng, S (reprint author), 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320,Room 118, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM shang.deng@alumni.stanford.edu OI Prasad, Manika/0000-0002-8009-0768 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Research Program [DE-FG02-04ER15588] FX We thank Rui Jiang for his assistance in the field. Special thanks to Gary Mavko for the discussions and comments on the rock anisotropy. We also thank the official reviewers, Ryan Shackleton and Michele Cooke, for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. The Editor of Journal of Structural Geology, Bill Dunne's proofreading and editing is much appreciated. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Research Program under Award Number DE-FG02-04ER15588. Last but not the least, we are grateful to the Valley of Fire State Park personnel for their permit to do field work and to collect samples within the Park. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 77 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.05.005 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM7VG UT WOS:000357904000014 ER PT J AU Monteith, KL Klaver, RW Hersey, KR Holland, AA Thomas, TP Kauffman, MJ AF Monteith, Kevin L. Klaver, Robert W. Hersey, Kent R. Holland, A. Andrew Thomas, Timothy P. Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Effects of climate and plant phenology on recruitment of moose at the southern extent of their range SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; Climate change; Heat stress; Irruptive paradigm; Nutrition ID ALCES-ALCES; BODY-MASS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARGE HERBIVORES; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB Climate plays a fundamental role in limiting the range of a species, is a key factor in the dynamics of large herbivores, and is thought to be involved in declines of moose populations in recent decades. We examined effects of climate and growing-season phenology on recruitment (8-9 months old) of young Shiras moose (Alces alces shirasi) over three decades, from 18 herds, across a large geographic area encompassing much of the southern extent of their range. Recruitment declined in 8 of 18 herds during 1980-2009, whereas others did not exhibit a temporal trend (none showed a positive trend). During those three decades, seasonal temperatures increased, spring-summer precipitation decreased, and spring occurred earlier, became shorter in duration, and green-up occurred faster. Recruitment was influenced negatively by warm temperatures during the year before young were born, but only for herds with declining recruitment. Dry spring-summers of the previous year and rapid rates of spring green-up in the year of birth had similar negative influences across declining and stable herds. Those patterns indicate both direct (year (t) ) and delayed (year (t-1)) effects of weather and plant phenology on recruitment of young, which we hypothesize was mediated through effects on maternal nutritional condition. Suppressed nutrition could have been induced by (1) increased thermoregulatory costs associated with warming temperatures and (2) shortened duration of availability of high-quality forage in spring. Progressive reductions in net energetic gain for species that are sensitive to climate may continue to hamper individual fitness and population dynamics. C1 [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hersey, Kent R.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Holland, A. Andrew] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Thomas, Timothy P.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Monteith, KL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM kevin.monteith@uwyo.edu FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Safari Club International Foundation; Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition FX We are grateful to Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and Colorado Parks and Wildlife for data provision, and the associated managers and biologists that carefully collected composition data used in this study. We thank T. Bowyer and anonymous reviewers for comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Safari Club International Foundation, and Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 16 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2015 VL 178 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1148 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3296-4 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FL UT WOS:000358089400014 PM 25820750 ER PT J AU Kellermann, JL van Riper, C AF Kellermann, Jherime L. van Riper, Charles, III TI Detecting mismatches of bird migration stopover and tree phenology in response to changing climate SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aridlands; Flowering; Gradients; Madrean; Stopover habitat; Climate change ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLERS; SPRING MIGRATION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; MIGRANT LANDBIRDS; ARRIVAL DATE; HABITAT USE; DISTANCE; SHIFTS AB Migratory birds exploit seasonal variation in resources across latitudes, timing migration to coincide with the phenology of food at stopover sites. Differential responses to climate in phenology across trophic levels can result in phenological mismatch; however, detecting mismatch is sensitive to methodology. We examined patterns of migrant abundance and tree flowering, phenological mismatch, and the influence of climate during spring migration from 2009 to 2011 across five habitat types of the Madrean Sky Islands in southeastern Arizona, USA. We used two metrics to assess phenological mismatch: synchrony and overlap. We also examined whether phenological overlap declined with increasing difference in mean event date of phenophases. Migrant abundance and tree flowering generally increased with minimum spring temperature but depended on annual climate by habitat interactions. Migrant abundance was lowest and flowering was highest under cold, snowy conditions in high elevation montane conifer habitat while bird abundance was greatest and flowering was lowest in low elevation riparian habitat under the driest conditions. Phenological synchrony and overlap were unique and complementary metrics and should both be used when assessing mismatch. Overlap declined due to asynchronous phenologies but also due to reduced migrant abundance or flowering when synchrony was actually maintained. Overlap declined with increasing difference in event date and this trend was strongest in riparian areas. Montane habitat specialists may be at greatest risk of mismatch while riparian habitat could provide refugia during dry years for phenotypically plastic species. Interannual climate patterns that we observed match climate change projections for the arid southwest, altering stopover habitat condition. C1 [Kellermann, Jherime L.; van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kellermann, Jherime L.; van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kellermann, Jherime L.] Oregon Inst Technol, Dept Nat Sci, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. RP Kellermann, JL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM Jherime.Kellermann@oit.edu FU Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, USGS-SBSC-Sonoran Desert Research Station; University of Arizona FX Support came from the Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, USGS-SBSC-Sonoran Desert Research Station, and the University of Arizona. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 104 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2015 VL 178 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1238 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3293-7 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FL UT WOS:000358089400022 PM 25822114 ER PT J AU Tang, ZH Gu, Y Dai, ZJ Li, Y LaGrange, T Bishop, A Drahota, J AF Tang, Zhenghong Gu, Yue Dai, Zhijun Li, Yao LaGrange, Ted Bishop, Andy Drahota, Jeff TI Examining Playa Wetland Inundation Conditions for National Wetland Inventory, Soil Survey Geographic Database, and LiDAR Data SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Playa wetland; Inundation; Rainwater Basin; National Wetland Inventory (NWI); Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO); Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) ID HIGH-PLAINS; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; RAINWATER BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; MAPS AB Inundation is a critical parameter of wetland hydrologic performance. This study uses Annual Habitat Survey data from 2004 to 2012 in the Rainwater Basin in south-central Nebraska to examine differences between the actual inundation conditions and three datasets: the National Wetland Inventory (NWI), the Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO), and LiDAR-derived depressions. The results show that current wetland inundated areas were well overlaid with these datasets (99.9 % in SSURGO data, 67.9 % in NWI data, and 87.3 % in LiDAR-derived depressions). However, the hydrologic degradation of playa wetlands was not reflected in these datasets. In SSURGO data, only 13.3 % of hydric soil footprint areas were inundated and 26.6 % of footprint areas were covered with hydric vegetation during this period. For playa wetlands identified in NWI data, only 30.7 % were inundated during this period and 60.5 % were covered by hydric vegetation. A significant portion of the playa wetlands were not functioning with either ponding water or supporting hydric vegetation during the peak of the waterfowl spring migration season in the Rainwater Basin. The findings confirm that watershed-level hydrologic restoration and within wetland restoration is crucial to recover the inundation conditions of playa wetlands. C1 [Tang, Zhenghong; Gu, Yue] Univ Nebraska, Community & Reg Planning Program, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Dai, Zhijun] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Li, Yao] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [LaGrange, Ted] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Bishop, Andy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Grand Isl, NE 68803 USA. [Drahota, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Wetland Management Dist, Funk, NE 68940 USA. RP Tang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Community & Reg Planning Program, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ztang2@unl.edu FU Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative [2013-02]; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CD 97746701, CD-97738501] FX This paper has been funded wholly or partially by the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (#2013-02) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under assistance agreements (CD 97746701; CD-97738501). The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the funding agencies, and do not mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The research team sincerely appreciated the great support from the Rainwater Bain Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. The constructive comments from the anonymous reviewers were very helpful to improve the quality of this paper. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0654-2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FZ UT WOS:000358090800002 ER PT J AU Aldous, AR Gannett, MW Keith, M O'Connor, J AF Aldous, Allison R. Gannett, Marshall W. Keith, Mackenzie O'Connor, Jim TI Geologic and Geomorphic Controls on the Occurrence of Fens in the Oregon Cascades and Implications for Vulnerability and Conservation SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Fen; Groundwater-dependent ecosystem; Hydrogeologic setting; Upper Deschutes basin; Groundwater management; Glacial geology; Pumice ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; TEMPERATE ZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WETLANDS; USA; MINNESOTA; LANDSCAPE; RESTORATION AB Montane fens are biologically diverse peat-forming wetlands that develop at points of groundwater discharge. To protect these ecosystems, it is critical to understand their locations on the landscape and the hydrogeologic systems that support them. The upper Deschutes Basin has a groundwater flow system that supports baseflow in many rivers, but little is known about the wetland types and groundwater dependence of the thousands of wetlands within the watershed. In 292 randomly selected wetlands, we quantified landscape metrics thought useful for discriminating montane fens from non-peat-forming wetlands. We inspected these wetlands and classified 67 of them as fens. Of the landscape metrics, only geology reliably differentiated fens from other types of wetlands. Nearly all fens develop in low-permeability glacial till found at approximately 1400-1800 m in elevation, and are concentrated in areas mantled by pumice deposits that originated primarily from the eruption of Mt. Mazama approximately 7700 years BP. Stratigraphic and hydrologic factors indicate the fens are supplied by perched aquifers in glacial till, instead of the deeper regional aquifer system. Their hydrogeologic setting makes the fens highly vulnerable to expected changes to recharge associated with climate change, but not to groundwater pumping from the regional aquifer. C1 [Aldous, Allison R.] Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR 97212 USA. [Gannett, Marshall W.; Keith, Mackenzie; O'Connor, Jim] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Aldous, AR (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 821 SE 14th Ave, Portland, OR 97212 USA. EM aaldous@tnc.org OI Gannett, Marshall/0000-0003-2498-2427 FU Bella Vista Foundation; Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX This work was funded by the Bella Vista Foundation and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. The authors would like to thank Leslie Bach, Tom Josephson, Sara Wyland, Emilie Blevins, and Shonene Scott from The Nature Conservancy for field and GIS assistance and manuscript review; Rick Dewey and Jason Gritzner from the USDA Forest Service for historic data and site access; Dave Sherrod from the USGS Cascade volcano Observatory and Ken Lite with the Oregon Water Resources Department for helpful discussions on the geology and groundwater hydrology of the Cascades; Tiffany Napier for help with pumice sample processing and identification; and Ken Lite, Judy Drexler, Leslie Bach, Steve Sebestyen, and two anonymous reviewers for review of the manuscript NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 757 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0667-x PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FZ UT WOS:000358090800012 ER PT J AU Thomas, BL Doyle, T Krauss, K AF Thomas, Brenda L. Doyle, Thomas Krauss, Ken TI Annual Growth Patterns of Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) Along Salinity Gradients SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Salinity; Tidal freshwater swamp; Tree growth; Tree ring analysis; Taxodium distichum; Baldcypress ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; NYSSA-AQUATICA SEEDLINGS; FLORIDA; FOREST; DROUGHT; ESTUARY; SWAMPS; STATES; RINGS; TREES AB The effects of salinity on Taxodium distichum seedlings have been well documented, but few studies have examined mature trees in situ. We investigated the environmental drivers of T. distichum growth along a salinity gradient on the Waccamaw (South Carolina) and Savannah (Georgia) Rivers. On each river, T. distichum increment cores were collected from a healthy upstream site (Upper), a moderately degraded mid-reach site (Middle), and a highly degraded downstream site (Lower). Chronologies were successfully developed for Waccamaw Upper and Middle, and Savannah Middle. Correlations between standardized chronologies and environmental variables showed significant relationships between T. distichum growth and early growing season precipitation, temperature, and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Savannah Middle chronology correlated most strongly with August river salinity levels. Both lower sites experienced suppression/release events likely in response to local anthropogenic impacts rather than regional environmental variables. The factors that affect T. distichum growth, including salinity, are strongly synergistic. As sea-level rise pushes the freshwater/saltwater interface inland, salinity becomes more limiting to T. distichum growth in tidal freshwater swamps; however, salinity impacts are exacerbated by locally imposed environmental modifications. C1 [Thomas, Brenda L.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Doyle, Thomas; Krauss, Ken] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Thomas, BL (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM bthomas@fgcu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX We thank William H. Conner, L. Wayne Inabinette, Jamie A. Duberstein, Jason K. Sullivan, and Nicole Cormier for assistance with core collections. We thank William Russell Webb (Savannah NWR) and M. Craig Sasser (Waccamaw NWR) for allowing access to refuge lands. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names if for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 831 EP 839 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0659-x PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FZ UT WOS:000358090800018 ER PT J AU Powell, LL Wolfe, JD Johnson, EI Hines, JE Nichols, JD Stouffer, PC AF Powell, Luke L. Wolfe, Jared D. Johnson, Erik I. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Stouffer, Philip C. TI Heterogeneous movement of insectivorous Amazonian birds through primary and secondary forest: A case study using multistate models with radiotelemetry data SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amazon; Fidelity fragmentation; Neotropical birds; Secondary forest; Multistate models; Movement probability ID ALTERNATIVE SUCCESSIONAL PATHWAYS; RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SPECIES RESPONSES; NEOTROPICAL BIRDS; UNDERSTORY BIRDS; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; HABITAT QUALITY; MARKED ANIMALS AB Given rates of deforestation, disturbance, and secondary forest accumulation in tropical rainforests, there is a great need to quantify habitat use and movement among different habitats. This need is particularly pronounced for animals most sensitive to disturbance, such as insectivorous understory birds. Here we use multistate capture-recapture models with radiotelemetry data to determine the successional stage at which within-day movement probabilities of Amazonian birds in secondary forest are similar to those in primary forest. We radio-tracked three common understory insectivore species in primary and secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments project near Manaus, Brazil: two woodcreepers, Glyphorynchus spirurus (n = 19) and Xiphorhynchus pardalotus (n = 18), and the terrestrial antthrush Formicarius colma (n = 19). Forest age was a strong predictor of fidelity to a given habitat. All three species showed greater fidelity to primary forest than to 8-14-year-old secondary forest, indicating the latter's relatively poor quality. The two woodcreeper species used 12-18-year-old secondary forest in a manner comparable to continuous forest, but F. colma avoided moving even to 27-31-year-old secondary forest the oldest at our site. Our results suggest that managers concerned with less sensitive species can assume that forest reserves connected by 12-18-year-old secondary forest corridors are effectively connected. On the other hand, >30 years are required after land abandonment before secondary forest serves as a primary forest-like conduit for movement by F. colma; more sensitive terrestrial insectivores may take longer still. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Powell, Luke L.; Wolfe, Jared D.; Johnson, Erik I.; Stouffer, Philip C.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011097 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Powell, Luke L.; Wolfe, Jared D.; Johnson, Erik I.; Stouffer, Philip C.] Louisiana State Univ, RNR 227, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Powell, Luke L.; Wolfe, Jared D.; Johnson, Erik I.; Stouffer, Philip C.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Powell, LL (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Luke.L.Powell@gmail.com FU U.S. National Science Foundation [LTREB 0545491]; American Union of Ornithologists' Research Award; American Union of Ornithologists' Frank M. Chapman Award; Wilson Ornithological Society's Paul A. Stewart Award; American Philosophical Society's Lewis Clark Fund FX We thank Paul Des Brisay, Marconi Cerqueira, Elizabeth Condon, Camila Duarte, Gilberto Fernandez Arellano, Jairo Lopes, Alercio Marajo de Reis, Rachelle McLaughlin, Karl Mokross, Osmaildo, Aida Rodrigues, and Tatiana Straatmann for their contributions in the field. The LSU "Bird Lunch" group, Kristina Cockle, Norbert Cordeiro, Kyle Harms, Michael Kaller, Curtis Marantz, Michael Lefsky, Michael Patten, Scott Saleska, Bret Sandercock, Jeff Stratford, Stefan Woltmann, J. Van Remsen and several anonymous reviewers had important contributions, including insightful reviews and advice on data analyses. We thank the following funding sources: U.S. National Science Foundation (LTREB 0545491), American Union of Ornithologists' Research Award, the American Union of Ornithologists' Frank M. Chapman Award, the Wilson Ornithological Society's Paul A. Stewart Award, and the American Philosophical Society's Lewis & Clark Fund. We conducted this research under ISU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval and under applicable Brazilian permits. This is publication number 660 in the BDFFP technical series and number 37 in the Amazonian ornithology technical series. This manuscript was approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experimental Station as manuscript number 2015-241-20967. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 188 SI SI BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.028 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL8LG UT WOS:000357225600011 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Farley, SD McDonough, TJ Talbot, SL Barboza, PS AF Wilson, Robert E. Farley, Sean D. McDonough, Thomas J. Talbot, Sandra L. Barboza, Perry S. TI A genetic discontinuity in moose (Alces alces) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; Anthropogenic barrier; Fragmentation; Roads; Genetic spatial structure ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB The strength and arrangement of movement barriers can impact the connectivity among habitat patches. Anthropogenic barriers (e.g. roads) are a source of habitat fragmentation that can disrupt these resource networks and can have an influence on the spatial genetic structure of populations. Using microsatellite data, we evaluated whether observed genetic structure of moose (Alces alces) populations were associated with human activities (e.g. roads) in the urban habitat of Anchorage and rural habitat on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We found evidence of a recent genetic subdivision among moose in Anchorage that corresponds to a major highway and associated infrastructure. This subdivision is most likely due to restrictions in gene flow due to alterations to the highway (e.g. moose-resistant fencing with one-way gates) and a significant increase in traffic volume over the past 30 years; genetic subdivision was not detected on the Kenai Peninsula in an area not bisected by a major highway. This study illustrates that anthropogenic barriers can substructure wildlife populations within a few generations and highlights the value of genetic assessments to determine the effects on connectivity among habitat patches in conjunction with behavioral and ecological data. C1 [Wilson, Robert E.; Barboza, Perry S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Farley, Sean D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [McDonough, Thomas J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM wils0289@yahoo.com OI Barboza, Perry/0000-0002-1489-6448 FU Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson FX This work was funded by Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, under the guidance of Herman Griese, Christopher Garner, Dave Battle, and Richard Graham. The military conservation agent program on Elmendorf Air base, Joe Welch, and Anchorage area Alaska Fish and Game staff provided extensive field assistance in Anchorage. John Crouse, Jeff Selinger, and pilots Jose DeCreeft, Tommy Levanger, and Joe Fieldman provided field assistance on the Kenai Peninsula. Kevin Sage and Sarah Sonsthagen provided laboratory and manuscript advice, while Kris Hundertmark provided advice on marker selection and Tony Fischbach, Gretchen Roeffler, Matt Sexson, and Elizabeth Solomon provided help on analytical and mapping issues. Three anonymous reviewers also provided helpful comments. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 791 EP 800 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0700-x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CL9GP UT WOS:000357285500003 ER PT J AU Addis, BR Lowe, WH Hossack, BR Allendorf, FW AF Addis, Brett R. Lowe, Winsor H. Hossack, Blake R. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Population genetic structure and disease in montane boreal toads: more heterozygous individuals are more likely to be infected with amphibian chytrid SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Genetic variation; Mountains; Elevation; Chytridiomycosis ID LANDSCAPE GENETICS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; HOME-RANGE; MICROSATELLITE VARIATION; BIGHORN SHEEP; BUFO BOREAS; EXTINCTION; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DIVERSITY; RESISTANCE AB Amphibians are more threatened than any other vertebrate group, with 41 % of species classified as threatened. The causes of most declines are not well understood, though many declines have been linked to disease. Additionally, amphibians are physiologically constrained to moist habitats and considered poor dispersers; thus, they may suffer genetic consequences of population isolation. To understand threats to the persistence of boreal toads (Bufo boreas) in Glacier National Park, USA, we genotyped 551 individuals at 11 microsatellite loci and used Bayesian clustering methods to describe population genetic structure and identify barriers to gene flow. We found evidence of two primary genetic groups that differed substantially in elevation and two secondary groups within the high elevation group. There was also evidence of further substructure within the southern high elevation group, suggesting mountain ridges are barriers to gene flow at local scales. Overall, genetic variation was high, but allelic richness declined with increasing elevation, reflecting greater isolation or smaller effective population sizes of high altitude populations. We tested for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the fungal pathogen which causes chytridiomycosis, and we found that 35 of 199 toads were positive for Bd. Unexpectedly, more heterozygous individuals were more likely to be infected. This suggests that dispersal facilitates the spread of disease because heterozygosity may be highest where dispersal and gene flow are greatest. C1 [Addis, Brett R.; Lowe, Winsor H.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Addis, BR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM brett.addis@umontana.edu FU Jerry O'Neal student fellowship; U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank Tom Brekke, Kris Crandell, Sara Dykeman, Nate Muhn, Paul Scarr, and numerous field technicians who collected samples between 2008 and 2011. Sally Painter and Steve Amish provided assistance with lab work and genotyping. Marty Kardos provided assistance with randomization tests, and Eric Fuchs provided statistical advice. This manuscript was improved with comments from Mike Schwartz. This research was performed under University of Montana IACUC permit 022-09WLDBS-051209. Partial funding was provided by the Jerry O'Neal student fellowship and the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). This manuscript is ARMI product number 499. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 833 EP 844 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0704-6 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CL9GP UT WOS:000357285500007 ER PT J AU Galbraith, HS Zanatta, DT Wilson, CC AF Galbraith, Heather S. Zanatta, David T. Wilson, Chris C. TI Comparative analysis of riverscape genetic structure in rare, threatened and common freshwater mussels SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Unionid mussels; Scale; Multi-species comparison; Conservation genetics ID NORTHERN RIFFLESHELL MUSSEL; TORULOSA-RANGIANA BIVALVIA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GREAT-LAKES; ALLELE FREQUENCY; SPATIAL SCALES; UNIONIDAE; CONSERVATION AB Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) are highly imperiled with many species on the verge of local extirpation or global extinction. This study investigates patterns of genetic structure and diversity in six species of freshwater mussels in the central Great Lakes region of Ontario, Canada. These species vary in their conservation status (endangered to not considered at risk), life history strategy, and dispersal capabilities. Evidence of historical genetic connectivity within rivers was ubiquitous across species and may reflect dispersal abilities of host fish. There was little to no signature of recent disturbance events or bottlenecks, even in endangered species, likely as a function of mussel longevity and historical population sizes (i.e., insufficient time for genetic drift to be detectable). Genetic structure was largely at the watershed scale suggesting that population augmentation via translocation within rivers may be a useful conservation tool if needed, while minimizing genetic risks to recipient sites. Recent interest in population augmentation via translocation and propagation may rely on these results to inform management of unionids in the Great Lakes region. C1 [Galbraith, Heather S.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Galbraith, Heather S.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Zanatta, David T.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Wilson, Chris C.] Trent Univ, Aquat Res Sect, Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Galbraith, HS (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM hgalbraith@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0002-9528-0652 FU Endangered Species Recovery Fund of World Wildlife Fund Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources FX This work was made possible through funding from the Endangered Species Recovery Fund of World Wildlife Fund Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Friedrich Fischer, Ryan and Kirsty Hill, Anne Kidd, Phillip Mathias, Caleigh Smith, Daniel Spooner, and Kristyne Wozney provided valuable assistance with both field and laboratory work. This article is contribution #43 of the Central Michigan University Institute for Great Lakes Research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 845 EP 857 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0705-5 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA CL9GP UT WOS:000357285500008 ER PT J AU Agha, M Lovich, JE Ennen, JR Augustine, B Arundel, TR Murphy, MO Meyer-Wilkins, K Bjurlin, C Delaney, D Briggs, J Austin, M Madrak, SV Price, SJ AF Agha, Mickey Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. Augustine, Benjamin Arundel, Terence R. Murphy, Mason O. Meyer-Wilkins, Kathie Bjurlin, Curtis Delaney, David Briggs, Jessica Austin, Meaghan Madrak, Sheila V. Price, Steven J. TI Turbines and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Variation in Tortoise Survivorship Between a Wind Energy Facility and an Adjacent Undisturbed Wildland Area in the Desert Southwest (USA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Activity center; Desert tortoise; Gopherus agassizii; Landscape disturbance; Renewable energy ID GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MOJAVE DESERT; HOME-RANGE; WILDLIFE CONSERVATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATIC VARIATION; PALM SPRINGS; POPULATIONS; IMPACTS; MORTALITY AB With the recent increase in utility-scale wind energy development, researchers have become increasingly concerned how this activity will affect wildlife and their habitat. To understand the potential impacts of wind energy facilities (WEF) post-construction (i.e., operation and maintenance) on wildlife, we compared differences in activity centers and survivorship of Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) inside or near a WEF to neighboring tortoises living near a wilderness area (NWA) and farther from the WEF. We found that the size of tortoise activity centers varied, but not significantly so, between the WEF (6.25 +/- A 2.13 ha) and adjacent NWA (4.13 +/- A 1.23 ha). However, apparent survival did differ significantly between the habitat types: over the 18-year study period apparent annual survival estimates were 0.96 +/- A 0.01 for WEF tortoises and 0.92 +/- A 0.02 for tortoises in the NWA. High annual survival suggests that operation and maintenance of the WEF has not caused considerable declines in the adult population over the past two decades. Low traffic volume, enhanced resource availability, and decreased predator populations may influence annual survivorship at this WEF. Further research on these proximate mechanisms and population recruitment would be useful for mitigating and managing post-development impacts of utility-scale wind energy on long-lived terrestrial vertebrates. C1 [Agha, Mickey; Price, Steven J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Arundel, Terence R.; Austin, Meaghan] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Augustine, Benjamin] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Murphy, Mason O.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis] Stantec Consulting, Cottage Grove, WI 53527 USA. [Delaney, David] US Army Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Briggs, Jessica] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Madrak, Sheila V.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Price, SJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM mickey.agha@uky.edu; jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; jre@tnaqua.org; ben.augustine@uky.edu; tarundel@usgs.gov; mason.murphy@uky.edu; dirtgirl@me.com; curtbjurlin@gmail.com; david.delaney@usace.army.mil; meaghan.liszewski@gmail.com; svmadrak@gmail.com; steven.price@uky.edu OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831; Agha, Mickey/0000-0003-0961-8344 FU California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program [500-09-020]; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management; Desert Legacy Fund of the California Desert Research Program; University of Kentucky, Department of Forestry FX Our research was supported by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program (Contract NO: 500-09-020), the California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management, and the Desert Legacy Fund of the California Desert Research Program, and University of Kentucky, Department of Forestry. Research was conducted under permits from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the Bureau of Land Management. Charles Yackulic, Jeff Laake and Simon Bonner provided statistical advice. Early manuscript reviews were conducted by Kenneth E. Nussear. Special thanks are given to A. Muth of the Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center of the University of California, Riverside, for providing accommodations during our research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 IS 2 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0498-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL9FE UT WOS:000357280500004 PM 25894273 ER PT J AU Walker, JJ de Beurs, KM Henebry, GM AF Walker, J. J. de Beurs, K. M. Henebry, G. M. TI Land surface phenology along urban to rural gradients in the US Great Plains SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Urban heat island (UHI); Phenology; MODIS; Land surface temperature (LSP); NDVI; Great Plains ID HEAT-ISLAND; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; LEAF PHENOLOGY; TROPICAL CITY; MODIS; VEGETATION; SATELLITE; PATTERNS AB The elevated surface and air temperatures of urban environments can influence the timing of vegetation growth dynamics within and across city boundaries. We examined patterns of land surface phenology (LSP) throughout the U.S. Great Plains region, which contains diverse metropolitan areas embedded within a predominately agricultural landscape. We assembled a time series (2002-2012) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) data and land surface temperature data at 500 m and 1000 m spatial resolution, respectively. We derived measures of the vegetated land surface and the thermal regime of the growing season at 8-day intervals using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Accumulated Growing Degree-Days (AGDD). Fitting the convex quadratic LSP model of NDVI as a function of AGDD yielded two phenometrics - Peak NDVI and Thermal Time to Peak - and one model fit metric - the adjusted coefficient of determination (r(adj)(2)) - for each pixel per growing season. We linked the phenometrics with impervious surface area (ISA) data extracted from the U.S. Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) to characterize differences in timing and amplitude of peak greenness between urban areas and their surrounding landscapes. Our results reveal the broad control of climatic conditions and moisture availability on phenological patterns across urban to rural gradients, with drier, southern cities displaying more varied responses of peak greenness timing and amplitude to urban intensity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Walker, J. J.; Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [de Beurs, K. M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Walker, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jjwalker@usgs.gov OI Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU NASA IDS project [NNX12AM89G] FX Research is supported by NASA IDS project NNX12AM89G: Storms, Forms, and Complexity of the Urban Canopy: How Land Use, Settlement Patterns, and the Shape of Cities Influence Severe Weather. We would like to thank Paul de Beurs for the development of the land surface phenology derivation software used in this project. We also appreciate the insightful comments and suggestions provided by two anonymous reviewers. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 165 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM2XK UT WOS:000357545400004 ER PT J AU Pengra, B Long, J Dahal, D Stehman, SV Loveland, TR AF Pengra, Bruce Long, Jordan Dahal, Devendra Stehman, Stephen V. Loveland, Thomas R. TI A global reference database from very high resolution commercial satellite data and methodology for application to Landsat derived 30 m continuous field tree cover data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Validation database; Global land cover; High resolution satellite; Continuous field data; Landsat; Tree cover; Accuracy assessment ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION DATA SET; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; VEGETATION INDEX; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; DESIGN; IKONOS; PRODUCTS AB The methodology for selection, creation, and application of a global remote sensing validation dataset using high resolution commercial satellite data is presented. High resolution data are obtained for a stratified random sample of 500 primary sampling units (5 km x 5 km sample blocks), where the stratification based on Koppen climate classes is used to distribute the sample globally among biomes. The high resolution data are classified to categorical land cover maps using an analyst mediated classification workflow. Our initial application of these data is to evaluate a global 30 m Landsat-derived, continuous field tree cover product. For this application, the categorical reference classification produced at 2 m resolution is converted to percent tree cover per 30 m pixel (secondary sampling unit)for comparison to Landsat-derived estimates of tree cover. We provide example results (based on a subsample of 25 sample blocks in South America) illustrating basic analyses of agreement that can be produced from these reference data. Commercial high resolution data availability and data quality are shown to provide a viable means of validating continuous field tree cover. When completed, the reference classifications for the full sample of 500 blocks will be released for public use. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Pengra, Bruce; Dahal, Devendra] SGT Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Long, Jordan] Inuteq, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Pengra, B (reprint author), SGT Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bpengra@usgs.gov FU USGS Land Remote Sensing and Land Change Science Programs under USGS [G10PC00044, G13PC00028]; Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit grant; USGS FX This work was performed with funding from the USGS Land Remote Sensing and Land Change Science Programs under USGS contracts G10PC00044 (B. Pengra, D. Dahal) and G13PC00028 (J. Long). S. Stehman was funded through a Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit grant with the USGS. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for providing many constructive suggestions that contributed considerably to improving this paper. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 165 BP 234 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.rse2015.01.018 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM2XK UT WOS:000357545400018 ER PT J AU Chapin, TP AF Chapin, Thomas P. TI High-frequency, long-duration water sampling in acid mine drainage studies: A short review of current methods and recent advances in automated water samplers SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; METALS; TRENDS AB Hand-collected grab samples are the most common water sampling method but using grab sampling to monitor temporally variable aquatic processes such as diel metal cycling or episodic events is rarely feasible or cost-effective. Currently available automated water samplers are a proven, widely used technology and typically collect as many as 24 samples during a deployment. However, these automated water samplers are not well suited for long-term sampling in remote areas or in freezing conditions. There is a critical need for low-cost, long-duration, high-frequency water sampling technology to improve our understanding of the geochemical response to temporally variable processes. This review article will examine recent developments in automated water sampler technology and utilize selected field data from acid mine drainage studies to illustrate the utility of high-frequency, long-duration water sampling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chapin, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Research funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 59 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.004 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CL4YD UT WOS:000356962700011 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Dumoulin, JA Burruss, RA Slack, JF AF Johnson, Craig A. Dumoulin, Julie A. Burruss, Robert A. Slack, John F. TI Depositional Conditions for the Kuna Formation, Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag-Barite District, Alaska, Inferred from Isotopic and Chemical Proxies SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BROOKS RANGE; NORMAL MARINE SHALES; NORTHERN ALASKA; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SULFUR ISOTOPE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK SHALES; IRON; MOLYBDENUM; CARBON AB Water column redox conditions, degree of restriction of the depositional basin, and other paleoenvironmental parameters have been determined for the Mississippian Kuna Formation of northwestern Alaska from stratigraphic profiles of Mo, Fe/Al, and S isotopes in pyrite, C isotopes in organic matter, and N isotopes in bulk rock. This unit is important because it hosts the Red Dog and Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag barite deposits, which together constitute one of the largest zinc resources in the world. The isotopic and chemical proxies record a deep basin environment that became isolated from the open ocean, became increasingly reducing, and ultimately became euxinic. The basin was ventilated briefly and then became isolated again just prior to its demise as a discrete depocenter with the transition to the overlying Siksikpuk Formation. Ventilation corresponded approximately to the initiation of bedded barite deposition in the district, whereas the demise of the basin corresponded approximately to the formation of the massive sulfide deposits. The changes in basin circulation during deposition of the upper Kuna Formation may have had multiple immediate causes, but the underlying driver was probably extensional tectonic activity that also facilitated fluid flow beneath the basin floor. Although the formation of sediment-hosted sulfide deposits is generally favored by highly reducing conditions, the Zn-Pb deposits of the Red Dog district are not found in the major euxinic facies of the Kuna basin, nor did they form during the main period of euxinia. Rather, the deposits occur where strata were permeable to migrating fluids and where excess H2S was available beyond what was produced in situ by decomposition of local sedimentary organic matter. The known deposits formed mainly by replacement of calcareous strata that gained H2S from nearby highly carbonaceous beds (Anarraaq deposit) or by fracturing and vein formation in strata that produced excess H2S by reductive dissolution of preexisting barite (Red Dog deposits). C1 [Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dumoulin, Julie A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burruss, Robert A.; Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cjohnso@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX We are grateful to Teck-Cominco (now Teck Resources) for access to drill core, to Kevin Evans and Art Banet for collecting the 98-20 section, and to Karen Kelley and Poul Emsbo for discussions. Mark Dreier, Cayce Gulbransen, Rick Moscati, and Greg Wandless performed most of the laboratory work. Michael Arthur, Poul Emsbo, Rob Newton, Clint Scott, and an anonymous referee provided thorough and helpful reviews. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1156 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK7GF UT WOS:000356400100001 ER PT J AU Taylor, RD Goldfarb, RJ Monecke, T Fletcher, IR Gosca, MA Kelly, NM AF Taylor, Ryan D. Goldfarb, Richard J. Monecke, Thomas Fletcher, Ian R. Gosca, Michael A. Kelly, Nigel M. TI Application of U-Th-Pb Phosphate Geochronology to Young Orogenic Gold Deposits: New Age Constraints on the Formation of the Grass Valley Gold District, Sierra Nevada Foothills Province, California SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-HYDROTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; SLATE CREEK COMPLEXES; MOUNTAINS FAULT ZONE; MOLE GRANITE NSW; METAMORPHIC BELT; NORTHERN; MINERALIZATION; MONAZITE; ZIRCON AB The Grass Valley orogenic gold district in the Sierra Nevada foothills province, central California, the largest historic gold producer of the North American Cordillera, comprises both steeply dipping E-W veins located along lithologic contacts in accreted ca. 300 and 200 Ma oceanic rocks and shallowly dipping N-S veins hosted by the Grass Valley granodiorite; the latter have yielded about 70% of the 13 million ounces of historic lode gold production in the district. The oceanic host rocks were accreted to the western margin of North America between 200 and 170 Ma, metamorphosed to greenschist and amphibolite facies, and uplifted between 175 and 160 Ma. Large-scale magmatism in the Sierra Nevada occurred between 170 to 140 Ma and 120 to 80 Ma, with the Grass Valley granodiorite being emplaced during the older episode of magmatism. Uranium-lead isotope dating of hydrothermal xenotime yielded the first absolute age of 162 +/- 5 Ma for the economically more significant N-S veins. The vein-hosted xenotime, as well as associated monazite, are unequivocally of hydrothermal origin as indicated by textural and chemical characteristics, including grain shape, lack of truncated growth banding, lack of an Eu anomaly, and low U and Th concentrations. Furthermore, the crack-seal texture of the veins, with abundant wall-rock slivers, suggests their formation as a result of episodic fluid flow possibly related to reoccurring seismic events, rather than a period of fluid exsolution from an evolving magma. The N-S veins are temporally distinct from a younger 153 to 151 Ma gold event that was previously reported for the E-W veins. Overlapping U-Pb zircon (159.9 +/- 2.2 Ma) and Ar-40/Ar-39 biotite and hornblende (159.7 +/- 0.6-161.9 +/- 1.4 Ma) ages and geothermobarometric calculations indicate that the Grass Valley granodiorite was emplaced at ca. 160 Ma at elevated temperatures (similar to 800 degrees C) within approximately 3 km of the paleosurface and rapidly cooled to the ambient temperature of the surrounding country rocks (<300 degrees C). The age of the granodiorite is indistinguishable from that of the N-S veins, as recorded by the U-Pb age of xenotime in those veins. Consequently, the N-S veins must have formed between 162 and 157 Ma, the maximum permissive age of magma emplacement and the youngest permissive xenotime U-Pb age, respectively, during an E- to ENE-directed compressional regime. The geochemistry of the Grass Valley granodiorite is consistent with it being the product of arc magmatism. It served as a receptive host for mineralization, but it is has no direct genetic relationship to gold mineralization. Initial uplift of the intrusive mass correlates with the initial voluminous fluid flow event and vein formation at depths of no greater than 3 km. The E-W gold-bearing veins hosted within greenschist-facies country rocks adjacent to the intrusion formed during a second hydrothermal event 5 to 10 million years later than the magmatism and were contemporaneous with a shift to transtensional deformation denoted by sinistral strike-slip faulting. C1 [Taylor, Ryan D.; Goldfarb, Richard J.; Gosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Taylor, Ryan D.; Monecke, Thomas] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Fletcher, Ian R.] Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Geol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Kelly, Nigel M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Taylor, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rtaylor@usgs.gov OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Mineral Resources Program; Australian Research Council FX Erin Marsh is thanked for assistance in the field and during sample collection. We are indebted to the Empire Mine State Historic Park for granting access to the sampling sites. This study was in part financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Mineral Resources Program. Monazite and xenotime U-Pb analyses were performed at the Western Australian SHRIMP facilities operated by the Western Australia University-Government consortium with Australian Research Council support. Jorge Vazquez provided instruction, advice, and assistance during SHRIMP zircon data collection. Thoughtful and thorough reviews by Ed DuBray, Richard Tosdal, and Pasi Eilu greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 29 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1337 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK7GF UT WOS:000356400100008 ER PT J AU Woolway, RI Jones, ID Hamilton, DP Maberly, SC Muraoka, K Read, JS Smyth, RL Winslow, LA AF Woolway, R. Iestyn Jones, Ian D. Hamilton, David P. Maberly, Stephen C. Muraoka, Kohji Read, Jordan S. Smyth, Robyn L. Winslow, Luke A. TI Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Software; GLEON; Instrumented buoy; Heat flux; Sensor technology ID ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; BULK AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; AIR-SEA FLUXES; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; COARE AB Lake Heat Flux Analyzer is a program used for calculating the surface energy fluxes in lakes according to established literature methodologies. The program was developed in MATLAB for the rapid analysis of high-frequency data from instrumented lake buoys in support of the emerging field of aquatic sensor network science. To calculate the surface energy fluxes, the program requires a number of input variables, such as air and water temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and short-wave radiation. Available outputs for Lake Heat Flux Analyzer include the surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat and their corresponding transfer coefficients, incoming and outgoing long-wave radiation. Lake Heat Flux Analyzer is open source and can be used to process data from multiple lakes rapidly. It provides a means of calculating the surface fluxes using a consistent method, thereby facilitating global comparisons of high-frequency data from lake buoys. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Woolway, R. Iestyn; Jones, Ian D.; Maberly, Stephen C.] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lake Ecosyst Grp, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. [Woolway, R. Iestyn] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Hamilton, David P.; Muraoka, Kohji] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Read, Jordan S.; Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Smyth, Robyn L.] Bard Coll, Ctr Environm Policy, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. RP Woolway, RI (reprint author), Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lake Ecosyst Grp, Lib Ave, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. EM riwoolway@gmail.com RI Jones, Ian/E-5507-2015; Maberly, Stephen/J-3361-2012 OI Jones, Ian/0000-0002-6898-1429; Maberly, Stephen/0000-0003-3541-5903 FU UCL impact award; OTT Hydrometry Ltd; Networking Lake Observatories in Europe (NETLAKE); NERC Sensor Network project United Kingdom Lake Ecological Observatory Network (UKLEON) [NE/I007407/1]; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; NZ Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment [UOWX0505]; U.S. National Science Foundation FX The project was funded by a UCL impact award with OTT Hydrometry Ltd awarded to R. Iestyn Woolway (RIW). This work was also funded by a short term scientific missions (STSMs) awarded to RIW from the Networking Lake Observatories in Europe (NETLAKE). This work is part of the NERC Sensor Network project United Kingdom Lake Ecological Observatory Network (UKLEON; NE/I007407/1). Data from Rotorua are part of a lake monitoring program funded by Bay of Plenty Regional Council and the NZ Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work benefited from participation in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The data used in this manuscript can be accessed by contacting the corresponding author directly. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 70 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1YR UT WOS:000356741300016 ER PT J AU Zhao, F Huang, CQ Zhu, ZL AF Zhao, Feng Huang, Chengquan Zhu, Zhiliang TI Use of Vegetation Change Tracker and Support Vector Machine to Map Disturbance Types in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystems in a 1984-2010 Landsat Time Series SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Disturbance type mapping; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE); Landsat time series; support vector machine (SVM); vegetation change tracker (VCT) ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST DISTURBANCE; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DETECTING TRENDS; COVER CHANGE; AREA; CLASSIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION; DYNAMICS; HISTORY AB Time series Landsat data have been used to track ecosystem disturbances using an algorithm such as the vegetation change tracker. However, efficiently identifying and separating types of disturbances (e.g., wildfires and harvests) still remain a technical challenge. In this letter, we tested the support vector machine algorithm in separating forest disturbance types, including wildfires, harvests, and other disturbance types (a generalized disturbance class, including insect disease outbreak, tornado, snow damage, and drought-induced mortality) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) using annual Landsat images from 1984 to 2010. The algorithm has been proven to be highly reliable, with overall accuracy about 87% for the study region. Average producer's and user's accuracy for wildfires and harvests were 85% and 90%, respectively. Based on the mapped forest disturbance type results, fire was the most dominant disturbance in GYE National Parks (NPs) from 1984 to 2010, affecting over 37% of the forested area in GYE NPs, whereas other disturbances such as insect and disease outbreaks were more frequent in national forests of the region during this time interval. With the free public access of the Landsat data and careful selection of training samples, this method can be useful in other ecosystems with similar disturbance dynamics as GYE. C1 [Zhao, Feng; Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Zhao, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM fengzhao@umd.edu FU U. S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1650 EP 1654 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2418159 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK9DZ UT WOS:000356542100012 ER PT J AU Obeid, W Salmon, E Lewan, MD Hatcher, PG AF Obeid, Wassim Salmon, Elodie Lewan, Michael D. Hatcher, Patrick G. TI Hydrous pyrolysis of Scenedesmus algae and algaenan-like residue SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Scenedesmus spp. algae; Algaenan; Hydrous pyrolysis; Solid state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; Two dimensional gas chromatography; Biofuels ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OF-THE-ART; BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; KEROGEN FORMATION; GEOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS; ISOPRENOID ALGAENAN; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT CYCLOALKANES; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; AMINO-ACIDS AB Algae are regarded as the form of biomass most likely to provide sufficient quantities of fuels without impacting our food supplies. Studies investigating the potential of hydrothermal treatment of algae to produce biofuels show that, in many instances, the produced oils do not resemble crude oils and have a high heteroatom content. In this study, Scenedesmus spp. algae and isolated algaenan, a type of biopolymeric cell wall in certain algae and an important precursor to some kerogens, are subjected to hydrous pyrolysis in efforts to mimic the thermal maturation occurring in sediments as a proxy for biofuels production. Our study shows that algaenan can be subjected to hydrous pyrolysis to yield a hydrocarbon rich mixture that resembles many fossil fuel crude oils. More importantly, separation of the algaenan prior to the hydrothermal treatment can yield a paraffin rich crude requiring little additional processing to attempt to reproduce the geological process that gave us crude oils from ancient Type I kerogen. Although it requires algaenan isolation as a prerequisite, this could be a first step in the direction of producing oils without need for further upgrading. Whole algae, however, yield additional oxygenated products derived from oxygenated biopolymers even though the paraffins derived from algaenan dominate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Obeid, Wassim; Salmon, Elodie; Hatcher, Patrick G.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hatcher, PG (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Phys Sci Bldg Rm 3100,4402 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM phatcher@odu.edu FU Batten endowment fund at Old Dominion University FX DPMAS 13C NMR analyses were conducted at COSMIC facility at Old Dominion University. We would also like to thank Leco Corporation, specifically, Joe Binkley, Cory Fix, and Michael Riley. We would like to thank the reviewers and the editors for their valuable remaks and comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the Batten endowment fund at Old Dominion University. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 85 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.04.001 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CL0FW UT WOS:000356617000009 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Reeves, AB Sonsthagen, SA TeSlaa, JL Nashold, S Donnelly, T Casler, B Hall, JS AF Ramey, Andrew M. Reeves, Andrew B. Sonsthagen, Sarah A. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Nashold, Sean Donnelly, Tyrone Casler, Bruce Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Dispersal of H9N2 influenza A viruses between East Asia and North America by wild birds SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anas acuta; Avian influenza; Chen canagica; China; East Asia; Emperor goose; Influenza A virus; North America; Northern pintail; South Korea ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PINTAILS ANAS-ACUTA; SPRING MIGRATION; REASSORTMENT; WETLAND; ROUTES; ALASKA; CHINA; TIME AB Samples were collected from wild birds in western Alaska to assess dispersal of influenza A viruses between East Asia and North America. Two isolates shared nearly identical nucleotide identity at eight genomic segments with H9N2 viruses isolated from China and South Korea providing evidence for intercontinental dispersal by migratory birds. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Reeves, Andrew B.; Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Donnelly, Tyrone] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean; Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Casler, Bruce] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cold Bay, AK USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633 FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area FX We appreciate support provided by current and former U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge including Doug Damberg, Nancy Hoffman, Leticia Melendez, and Stacey Lowe. We are grateful to Srinand Sreevatsan (University of Minnesota; UMN) and Kamol Suwannakarn (UMN) for their assistance in developing a next generation sequencing data analysis pipeline. We thank Kyle Hogrefe (U.S. Geological Survey; USGS), Mary Whalen (USGS), John Takekawa (USGS), and Kyle Spragens (USGS) for assistance with Fig. 2. We appreciate critical reviews provided by John Pearce (USGS), Craig Ely (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 62 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG PY 2015 VL 482 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.028 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA CK7GX UT WOS:000356401900011 PM 25827532 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Davis, JW Hinman, C Macneale, KH Anulacion, BF Scholz, NL Stark, JD AF McIntyre, J. K. Davis, J. W. Hinman, C. Macneale, K. H. Anulacion, B. F. Scholz, N. L. Stark, J. D. TI Soil bioretention protects juvenile salmon and their prey from the toxic impacts of urban stormwater runoff SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Green infrastructure; Bioretention treatment; Urban runoff; Aquatic toxicology; Juvenile coho salmon; Mayfly nymphs ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; CATCHMENT URBANIZATION; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; COHO SALMON; REMOVAL; COPPER; MEDIA; FISH; ASSEMBLAGES AB Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), or low impact development, encompasses a diverse and expanding portfolio of strategies to reduce the impacts of stormwater runoff on natural systems. Benchmarks for GSI success are usually framed in terms of hydrology and water chemistry, with reduced flow and loadings of toxic chemical contaminants as primary metrics. Despite the central goal of protecting aquatic species abundance and diversity, the effectiveness of GSI treatments in maintaining diverse assemblages of sensitive aquatic taxa has not been widely evaluated. In the present study we characterized the baseline toxicity of untreated urban runoff from a highway in Seattle, WA, across six storm events. For all storms, first flush runoff was toxic to the daphniid Ceriodaphnia dubia, causing up to 100% mortality or impairing reproduction among survivors. We then evaluated whether soil media used in bioretention, a conventional GSI method, could reduce or eliminate toxicity to juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as well as their macroinvertebrate prey, including cultured C dubia and wild-collected mayfly nymphs (Baetis spp.). Untreated highway runoff was generally lethal to salmon and invertebrates, and this acute mortality was eliminated when the runoff was filtered through soil media in bioretention columns. Soil treatment also protected against sublethal reproductive toxicity in C dubia. Thus, a relatively inexpensive GSI technology can be highly effective at reversing the acutely lethal and sublethal effects of urban runoff on multiple aquatic species. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McIntyre, J. K.; Hinman, C.; Stark, J. D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Davis, J. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA. [Macneale, K. H.; Anulacion, B. F.; Scholz, N. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Coastal Storms Program); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10; Russell Family Foundation [13k-3780-4759] FX We thank the many volunteers who made the bioretention test possible including Julann Spromberg, Richard Edmunds, Mary Jean Willis, Lyndal Johnson, Kate Macneale, Alisan Beck, Tiffany Linbo, and Tanya Swarts. This research project received agency funding from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Coastal Storms Program), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10. Additional funding was supplied by a Russell Family Foundation grant to JDS (13k-3780-4759). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 132 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.052 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK0GE UT WOS:000355882900030 PM 25576131 ER PT J AU Scheiderich, K Amini, M Holmden, C Francois, R AF Scheiderich, Kathleen Amini, Marghaleray Holmden, Chris Francois, Roger TI Global variability of chromium isotopes in seawater demonstrated by Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Ocean samples SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chromium isotopes; seawater; chromium speciation; chromium cycling ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; DISSOLVED CHROMIUM; FRACTIONATION FACTORS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ORGANIC MATERIALS; REDOX SPECIATION; NATURAL-WATERS; CANADA BASIN; SEA-WATER AB Seawater chromium (Cr) isotope and concentration data are presented from multiple sites in the Arctic Ocean, and three locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. A 2400-m profile illustrates the heterogeneity of delta Cr-53 in the Arctic Ocean with depth and water-mass source (Pacific vs. Atlantic). The highest delta Cr-53 values occur in Pacific-sourced waters, which also have the lowest Cr concentration. Chromium concentration and delta Cr-53 data from these locations, in conjunction with published data for the South Atlantic Ocean, yield a simple logarithmic function, as predicted by Rayleigh fractionation in a closed system. The observed Cr isotope signature is hypothesized to arise from fractionation during the reduction of Cr(VI) in surface waters and oxygen minimum zones, scavenging of isotopically light Cr(III) to deeper water and sediment, and subsequent release of this seawater-derived Cr(III) back into seawater, either as organic complexes with Cr(III) or after oxidation to Cr(VI). The isotopic fractionation factor (epsilon) associated with Cr cycling in seawater is estimated to be -0.80 +/- 0.03 parts per thousand (2 sigma). Samples from the sea-ice affected Surface Mixed Layer of the Arctic Ocean (similar to 10 m depth) deviate from the general trend, and samples proximal to rivers illustrate geographic variation in delta Cr-53 values for continental runoff, but prompt loss of this signature away from the source. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scheiderich, Kathleen; Amini, Marghaleray; Holmden, Chris] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatchewan Isotope Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Scheiderich, Kathleen] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Energy Resources, Ctr Sci, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Amini, Marghaleray; Francois, Roger] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Scheiderich, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Energy Resources, Ctr Sci, DFC Bldg 20,MS 973,W6th & Kipling Ave, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kscheiderich@usgs.gov FU Canadian Arctic Geotraces cruise from the Special Research Opportunity Fund, International Polar Year initiative FX NSERC is thanked for funding the Canadian Arctic Geotraces cruise from the Special Research Opportunity Fund, International Polar Year initiative. The authors thank the crew of the Canadian Coast Guard ship CCGS Amundsen, Maureen Soon for sampling assistance, and Erika Sternberg-Bousserez for providing additional shallow-water samples from the Arctic Ocean. We also thank Mosa Nasreen and Toby Bond for invaluable assistance in the clean lab, and Jim Rosen for electronics support on the instruments. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 423 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.030 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CK3LG UT WOS:000356117000009 ER PT J AU Homer, CG Xian, G Aldridge, CL Meyer, DK Loveland, TR O'Donnell, MS AF Homer, Collin G. Xian, George Aldridge, Cameron L. Meyer, Debra K. Loveland, Thomas R. O'Donnell, Michael S. TI Forecasting sagebrush ecosystem components and greater sage-grouse habitat for 2050: Learning from past climate patterns and Landsat imagery to predict the future SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Sagebrush ecosystem; Sage grouse; Remote sensing; Climate forecasting; Trend analysis ID CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; VEGETATION RELATIONSHIPS; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; BIG SAGEBRUSH; CROP YIELD; CONSERVATION; STEPPE; PRECIPITATION AB Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems constitute the largest single North American shrub ecosystem and provide vital ecological, hydrological, biological, agricultural, and recreational ecosystem services. Disturbances have altered and reduced this ecosystem historically, but climate change may ultimately represent the greatest future risk. Improved ways to quantify, monitor, and predict climate-driven gradual change in this ecosystem is vital to its future management. We examined the annual change of Daymet precipitation (daily gridded climate data) and five remote sensing ecosystem sagebrush vegetation and soil components (bare ground, herbaceous, litter, sagebrush, and shrub) from 1984 to 2011 in southwestern Wyoming. Bare ground displayed an increasing trend in abundance over time, and herbaceous, litter, shrub, and sagebrush showed a decreasing trend. Total precipitation amounts show a downward trend during the same period. We established statistically significant correlations between each sagebrush component and historical precipitation records using a simple least squares linear regression. Using the historical relationship between sagebrush component abundance and precipitation in a linear model, we forecasted the abundance of the sagebrush components in 2050 using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) precipitation scenarios A1B and A2. Bare ground was the only component that increased under both future scenarios, with a net increase of 48.98 km(2) (1.1%) across the study area under the A1B scenario and 41.15 km(2) (0.9%) under the A2 scenario. The remaining components decreased under both future scenarios: litter had the highest net reductions with 49.82 km(2) (4.1%) under A1B and 50.8 km(2) (4.2%) under A2, and herbaceous had the smallest net reductions with 39.95 km(2) (3.8%) under A1B and 40.59 km(2) (3.3%) under A2. We applied the 2050 forecast sagebrush component values to contemporary (circa 2006) greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat models to evaluate the effects of potential climate-induced habitat change. Under the 2050 IPCC A1B scenario, 11.6% of currently identified nesting habitat was lost, and 0.002% of new potential habitat was gained, with 4% of summer habitat lost and 0.039% gained. Our results demonstrate the successful ability of remote sensing based sagebrush components, when coupled with precipitation, to forecast future component response using IPCC precipitation scenarios. Our approach also enables future quantification of greater sage-grouse habitat under different precipitation scenarios, and provides additional capability to identify regional precipitation influence on sagebrush component response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Homer, Collin G.; Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Xian, George] USGS EROS Ctr, InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Meyer, Debra K.] USGS EROS Ctr, SGT, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [O'Donnell, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Homer, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM homer@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU United States Geological Survey through the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative FX We thank the United States Geological Survey who supported this project financially through the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative. We also thank B. Wylie and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful review of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 55 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.002 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK4HL UT WOS:000356184800014 ER PT J AU Snedden, GA Cretini, K Patton, B AF Snedden, Gregg A. Cretini, Kari Patton, Brett TI Inundation and salinity impacts to above- and belowground productivity in Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora in the Mississippi River deltaic plain: Implications for using river diversions as restoration tools SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Coastal wetlands; Productivity; River deltas; River diversions; Sea-level rise ID SUBMERGING COASTAL MARSH; RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL; SALT-MARSH; WETLAND LOSS; LOUISIANA; RESPONSES; FLOW; SEDIMENT; ESTUARY; GROWTH AB Inundation and salinity directly affect plant productivity and processes that regulate vertical accretion in coastal wetlands, and are expected to increase as sea level continues to rise. In the Mississippi River deltaic plain, river diversions, which are being implemented as ecosystem restoration tools, can also strongly increase inundation in coastal wetlands. We used an in situ mesocosm approach to examine how varying salinity (two levels) and inundation rates (six levels) influenced end-of-season above- and belowground biomass of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora during the growing season (March-October) in 2011. Above- and belowground biomass was highest in both species at higher elevations when inundation was minimal, and decreased exponentially with decreased elevation and increased flood duration. This negative biomass response to flooding was more pronounced in S. patens than in S. alterniflora, and S. patens also showed stronger biomass reductions at higher salinities. This salinity effect was absent for belowground biomass in S. alterniflora. These findings suggest that even subtle increases in sea level may lead to substantial reductions in productivity and organic accretion, and also illustrate the importance of considering the inundation tolerance of co-dominant species in receiving areas when utilizing river diversions for delta restoration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Snedden, Gregg A.; Cretini, Kari; Patton, Brett] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Snedden, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM sneddeng@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey and the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, Coastwide Reference Monitoring System FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, Coastwide Reference Monitoring System. Holly Beck provided assistance with figures in this manuscript. We thank Matthew Kirwan and J. Andrew Nyman for discussions that were helpful for data interpretation. Carey Lynn Perry, Sarai Piazza, Gregory Steyer and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Thanks to Sarai Piazza, David Heckman, Damian Hubbard, and Brandon Boyd for providing considerable amounts of elbow grease in the field. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.035 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA CJ7KC UT WOS:000355672800017 ER PT J AU Tadesse, T Senay, GB Berhan, G Regassa, T Beyene, S AF Tadesse, Tsegaye Senay, Gabriel B. Berhan, Getachew Regassa, Teshome Beyene, Shirnelis TI Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Crop yield; Drought; Early warning; Evapotranspiration; Food security; Risk management ID ENERGY-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; DROUGHT; VEGETATION; AFRICA; MODIS; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; CHALLENGES AB Satellite-derived evapotranspiration anomalies and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are currently used for African agricultural drought monitoring and food security status assessment. In this study, a process to evaluate satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ETa) products with a geospatial statistical exploratory technique that uses NDVI, satellite-derived rainfall estimate (RFE), and crop yield data has been developed. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the ETa using the NDVI and RFE, and identify a relationship between the ETa and Ethiopia's cereal crop (i.e., teff, sorghum, corn/maize, barley, and wheat) yields during the main rainy season. Since crop production is one of the main factors affecting food security, the evaluation of remote sensing-based seasonal ETa was done to identify the appropriateness of this tool as a proxy for monitoring vegetation condition in drought vulnerable and food insecure areas to support decision makers. The results of this study showed that the comparison between seasonal ETa and RFE produced strong correlation (R-2>0.99) for all 41 crop growing zones in Ethiopia. The results of the spatial regression analyses of seasonal ETa and NDVI using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression showed relatively weak yearly spatial relationships (R-2<0.7) for all cropping zones. However, for each individual crop zones, the correlation between NDVI and ETa ranged between 0.3 and 0.84 for about 44% of the cropping zones. Similarly, for each individual crop zones, the correlation (R-2) between the seasonal ETa anomaly and de-trended cereal crop yield was between 0.4 and 0.82 for 76% (31 out of 41) of the crop growing zones. The preliminary results indicated that the ETa products have a good predictive potential for these 31 identified zones in Ethiopia. Decision makers may potentially use ETa products for monitoring cereal crop yields and early warning of food insecurity during drought years for these identified zones. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Tadesse, Tsegaye] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Berhan, Getachew] Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Regassa, Teshome] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Beyene, Shirnelis] Univ Nebraska, Inst Ethn Studies, Dept Anthropol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tadesse, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 816 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St,POB 830988, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ttadesse2@unl.edu; senay@usgs.gov; getachewb1@yahoo.com; tregassa2@unl.edu; sbeyene2@unl.edu RI Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015; Regassa, Teshome /D-6476-2015 OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137; FU USGS [G12AP20022]; NASA [NNX14AD30G] FX This research was supported in part by the USGS grant number G12AP20022. The authors are also very grateful for the financial support provided by NASA grant number NNX14AD30G. The authors wish to thank James Rowland and Bruce Dvorak for their encouragement and unreserved support to conduct this study, Stefanie Bohms for providing satellite-derived data used in the study, and Deborah Wood for her editorial suggestion. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CJ3DE UT WOS:000355362800005 ER PT J AU Holbrook, JD Arkle, RS Rachlow, JL Vierling, KIT Pilliod, DS AF Holbrook, Joseph D. Arkle, Robert S. Rachlow, Janet L. Vierling, Kern I. T. Pilliod, David S. TI Sampling animal sign in heterogeneous environments: How much is enough? SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Burrowing animals; Detection; Pogonomyrmex salinus; Precision; Sampling protocol; Urocitellus mollis ID GROUND-SQUIRRELS; HARVESTER ANTS; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; BURROWS; HABITAT; ROLES; DIET AB Animal ecologists often use animal sign as a surrogate for direct observation of organisms, especially when species are secretive or difficult to observe. Spatial heterogeneity in arid environments makes it challenging to consistently detect and precisely characterize animal sign, which can bias estimates of animal abundance or habitat use. Piute ground squirrels (Urocitellus mauls) and Owyhee harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex salinus) live in arid environments and are fossorial, which can make them difficult to observe directly. Their relative abundance can be assessed using sign (i.e., burrows and nests). We implemented an over-sampling framework (i.e., recorded an excessive amount of information) with two observers to 1) identify a sampling intensity that balanced precision with our resource constraints, and 2) assess classification and detection of squirrel burrows and ant nests across vegetation conditions. We sampled 20 1-ha plots for ground squirrel burrows and ant nests using six 4 m x 100 m belt transects. Analyses of precision and sampling effort indicated that three belt transects covering 1200 m(2) per ha provided sufficient precision, while minimizing effort. Regardless of vegetation conditions, counts by two observers were strongly correlated for ground squirrel burrows (r = 0.99, P < 0.001, df = 18; slope = 0.92) and harvester ant nests (r = 0.99, P < 0.001, df = 18; slope = 1.01) indicating observer consistency and perhaps high detection probability. These findings illustrate an approach for evaluating sampling designs in many ecological contexts. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Holbrook, Joseph D.; Rachlow, Janet L.; Vierling, Kern I. T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Holbrook, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jholbrook@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 FU National Science Foundation's IGERT program [0903479]; Joint Fire Science Program [11-1-2-30] FX We sincerely thank D. Holbrook for assisting with field work and T. Johnson for suggestions on data presentation. Surveys for animal sign were funded by the National Science Foundation's IGERT program (Award 0903479). Funding for vegetation data was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project ID: 11-1-2-30). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 119 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.03.013 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8VT UT WOS:000355050500007 ER PT J AU Edwards, AE Fitzgerald, SM Parrish, JK Klavitter, JL Romano, MD AF Edwards, Ann E. Fitzgerald, Shannon M. Parrish, Julia K. Klavitter, John L. Romano, Marc D. TI Foraging Strategies of Laysan Albatross Inferred from Stable Isotopes: Implications for Association with Fisheries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; PROVISIONING BEHAVIOR; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; BREEDING PERFORMANCE; LONGLINE FISHERIES; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AB Fatal entanglement in fishing gear is the leading cause of population decline for albatross globally, a consequence of attraction to bait and fishery discards of commercial fishing operations. We investigated foraging strategies of Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), as inferred from nitrogen and carbon isotope values of primary feathers, to determine breeding-related, seasonal, and historic factors that may affect the likelihood of association with Alaskan or Hawaiian longline fisheries. Feather samples were collected from live birds monitored for breeding status and breeding success on Midway Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, birds salvaged as fisheries-bycatch, and birds added to museum collections before 1924. During the chick-rearing season (sampled April-May), means and variances of stable isotope values of birds with the highest, most consistent reproductive success were distinct from less productive conspecifics and completely different from birds caught in Hawaiian or Alaskan longline fisheries, suggesting birds with higher multi-annual reproductive success were less likely to associate with these fisheries. Contemporary birds with the highest reproductive success had mean values most similar to historic birds. Values of colony-bound, courting prebreeders were similar to active breeders but distinct from prebreeders caught in Alaskan longline fisheries. During the breeding season, delta N-15 values were highly variable for both contemporary and historic birds. Although some historic birds exhibited extremely low d15N values unmatched by contemporary birds (< 11.2%), others had values as high as the highest fishery-associated contemporary birds. During the non-breeding season (sampled July-September), isotopic variability coalesced into a more narrow set of values for both contemporary and historic birds. Our results suggest that foraging strategies of Laysan albatross are a complex function of season, breeding status, and multi-annual breeding success, factors that likely affect the probability of association with fisheries. C1 [Edwards, Ann E.; Fitzgerald, Shannon M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Edwards, Ann E.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Klavitter, John L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, Papah Naumoku Kea Marine Natl Monument, Falls Church, VA USA. [Romano, Marc D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds & Habitat Programs, Portland, OR USA. RP Edwards, AE (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aee@uw.edu FU NOAA National Seabird Grant FX This research was initiated while AEE held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Award at NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Funding for feather shipment and stable isotope analysis came from an NOAA National Seabird Grant to SMF and AEE. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views presented are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the funders. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133471 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133471 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0JY UT WOS:000358838400039 PM 26230731 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Sebestyen, SD McDonnell, JJ McGlynn, BL Dunne, T AF Shanley, James B. Sebestyen, Stephen D. McDonnell, Jeffrey J. McGlynn, Brian L. Dunne, Thomas TI Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed - revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE runoff; watershed; isotopes; nutrients; streamflow ID RUNOFF PROCESSES; NEW-ZEALAND; STREAMFLOW GENERATION; BASEFLOW SEPARATION; ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY; SUBSURFACE-FLOW; DOUBLE PARADOX; OVERLAND-FLOW; STORM RUNOFF; CATCHMENT AB The Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Vermont, USA, has been the site of active hydrologic research since 1959 and was the setting where Dunne and Black demonstrated the importance and controls of saturation-excess overland flow (SOF) on streamflow generation. Here, we review the early studies from the SRRW and show how they guided our conceptual approach to hydrologic research at the SRRW during the most recent 25years. In so doing, we chronicle a shift in the field from early studies that relied exclusively on hydrometric measurements to today's studies that include chemical and isotopic approaches to further elucidate streamflow generation mechanisms. Highlights of this evolution in hydrologic understanding include the following: (i) confirmation of the importance of SOF to streamflow generation, and at larger scales than first imagined; (ii) stored catchment water dominates stream response, except under unusual conditions such as deep frozen ground; (iii) hydrometric, chemical and isotopic approaches to hydrograph separation yield consistent and complementary results; (iv) nitrate and sulfate isotopic compositions specific to atmospheric inputs constrain new water contributions to streamflow; and (v) convergent areas, or hillslope hollows', contribute disproportionately to event hydrographs. We conclude by summarizing some remaining challenges that lead us to a vision for the future of research at the SRRW to address fundamental questions in the catchment sciences. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. [McGlynn, Brian L.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108 NR 94 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 16 SI SI BP 3447 EP 3459 DI 10.1002/hyp.10377 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CN5CH UT WOS:000358446700002 ER PT J AU Ali, G Tetzlaff, D McDonnell, JJ Soulsby, C Carey, S Laudon, H McGuire, K Buttle, J Seibert, J Shanley, J AF Ali, Genevieve Tetzlaff, Doerthe McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Soulsby, Chris Carey, Sean Laudon, Hjalmar McGuire, Kevin Buttle, Jim Seibert, Jan Shanley, Jamie TI Comparison of threshold hydrologic response across northern catchments SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE thresholds; rainfall; snowmelt; quickflow; dynamic storage deficit; North-Watch programme ID ARCTIC CANADIAN SHIELD; RUNOFF GENERATION PROCESSES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MEAN RESIDENCE TIME; HILLSLOPE; SOIL; RIPARIAN; SYSTEMS; STREAMS; SCALE AB Nine mid-latitude to high-latitude headwater catchments - part of the Northern Watershed Ecosystem Response to Climate Change (North-Watch) programme - were used to analyze threshold response to rainfall and snowmelt-driven events and link the different responses to the catchment characteristics of the nine sites. The North-Watch data include daily time-series of various lengths of multiple variables such as air temperature, precipitation and discharge. Rainfall and meltwater inputs were differentiated using a degree-day snowmelt approach. Distinct hydrological events were identified, and precipitation-runoff response curves were visually assessed. Results showed that eight of nine catchments showed runoff initiation thresholds and effective precipitation input thresholds. For rainfall-triggered events, catchment hydroclimatic and physical characteristics (e.g. mean annual air temperature, median flow path distance to the stream, median sub-catchment area) were strong predictors of threshold strength. For snowmelt-driven events, however, thresholds and the factors controlling precipitation-runoff response were difficult to identify. The variability in catchments responses to snowmelt was not fully explained by runoff initiation thresholds and input magnitude thresholds. The quantification of input intensity thresholds (e.g. snow melting and permafrost thawing rates) is likely required for an adequate characterization of nonlinear spring runoff generation in such northern environments. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ali, Genevieve] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Tetzlaff, Doerthe; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Soulsby, Chris] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Northern Rivers Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Carey, Sean] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Laudon, Hjalmar] SLU, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Buttle, Jim] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Seibert, Jan] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Ali, G (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM Genevieve.Ali@umanitoba.ca RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; Ali, Genevieve/E-3162-2013; OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Ali, Genevieve/0000-0001-8219-1346; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00152/AG] FX The North-Watch project (http://www.abdn.ac.uk/northwatch/) is funded by the Leverhulme Trust (F/00152/AG). The authors are also grateful to those individuals and funding agencies who contributed to gathering the data set presented in this paper. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 16 SI SI BP 3575 EP 3591 DI 10.1002/hyp.10527 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CN5CH UT WOS:000358446700011 ER PT J AU Frakes, RA Belden, RC Wood, BE James, FE AF Frakes, Robert A. Belden, Robert C. Wood, Barry E. James, Frederick E. TI Landscape Analysis of Adult Florida Panther Habitat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PUMAS PUMA-CONCOLOR; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; FORESTS; WINTER; EDGE; SIZE; USA AB Historically occurring throughout the southeastern United States, the Florida panther is now restricted to less than 5% of its historic range in one breeding population located in southern Florida. Using radio-telemetry data from 87 prime-aged (>= 3 years old) adult panthers (35 males and 52 females) during the period 2004 through 2013 (28,720 radio-locations), we analyzed the characteristics of the occupied area and used those attributes in a random forest model to develop a predictive distribution map for resident breeding panthers in southern Florida. Using 10-fold cross validation, the model was 87.5 % accurate in predicting presence or absence of panthers in the 16,678 km(2) study area. Analysis of variable importance indicated that the amount of forests and forest edge, hydrology, and human population density were the most important factors determining presence or absence of panthers. Sensitivity analysis showed that the presence of human populations, roads, and agriculture (other than pasture) had strong negative effects on the probability of panther presence. Forest cover and forest edge had strong positive effects. The median model-predicted probability of presence for panther home ranges was 0.81 (0.82 for females and 0.74 for males). The model identified 5579 km(2) of suitable breeding habitat remaining in southern Florida; 1399 km(2) (25%) of this habitat is in non-protected private ownership. Because there is less panther habitat remaining than previously thought, we recommend that all remaining breeding habitat in south Florida should be maintained, and the current panther range should be expanded into south-central Florida. This model should be useful for evaluating the impacts of future development projects, in prioritizing areas for panther conservation, and in evaluating the potential impacts of sea-level rise and changes in hydrology. C1 [Frakes, Robert A.; Belden, Robert C.; Wood, Barry E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Florida Ecol Serv Off, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. [James, Frederick E.] Everglades Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. RP Frakes, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Florida Ecol Serv Off, 1339 20th St, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. EM frakesr@comcast.net NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 57 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133044 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133044 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0JM UT WOS:000358836800037 PM 26222526 ER PT J AU van der Elst, NJ Shaw, BE AF van der Elst, Nicholas J. Shaw, Bruce E. TI Larger aftershocks happen farther away: Nonseparability of magnitude and spatial distributions of aftershocks SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aftershocks; stress triggering; spatial clustering; aftershock forecasting; elastic rebound ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE HAZARD; DYNAMIC STRESS; FORESHOCKS; DECAY; LAW; DISTANCE; DENSITY; REAL AB Aftershocks may be driven by stress concentrations left by the main shock rupture or by elastic stress transfer to adjacent fault sections or strands. Aftershocks that occur within the initial rupture may be limited in size, because the scale of the stress concentrations should be smaller than the primary rupture itself. On the other hand, aftershocks that occur on adjacent fault segments outside the primary rupture may have no such size limitation. Here we use high-precision double-difference relocated earthquake catalogs to demonstrate that larger aftershocks occur farther away than smaller aftershocks, when measured from the centroid of early aftershock activity-a proxy for the initial rupture. Aftershocks as large as or larger than the initiating event nucleate almost exclusively in the outer regions of the aftershock zone. This observation is interpreted as a signature of elastic rebound in the earthquake catalog and can be used to improve forecasting of large aftershocks. C1 [van der Elst, Nicholas J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [van der Elst, Nicholas J.; Shaw, Bruce E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP van der Elst, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM nvanderelst@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program; SCEC award [14146]; NSF awards [EAR-0943939, EAR-1135455, EAR-1447094] FX This paper benefitted from reviews by Morgan Page, Andrew Michael, David Shelly, an anonymous reviewer, and Ned Field (whose adventures with finite-fault ETAS helped motivate the work). Felix Waldhauser and Egill Hauksson provided relocated catalogs NCAeqDD.v201112.1 and hs_1981_2011_06_comb_K2_A. cat_so_SCSN_v01, respectively. This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program, SCEC award 14146 and NSF awards EAR-0943939, EAR-1135455, and EAR-1447094. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5771 EP 5778 DI 10.1002/2015GL064734 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100012 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR Taira, T Prejean, SG Hill, DP Dreger, DS AF Shelly, David R. Taira, Taka'aki Prejean, Stephanie G. Hill, David P. Dreger, Douglas S. TI Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquake swarm; fluids; Mammoth Mountain; fault valve; fracture mesh ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; PERMEABILITY; SEISMICITY; PRESSURE; MECHANISM; REGION; SLIP; DEPOSITS; DRIVEN AB Faulting and fluid transport in the subsurface are highly coupled processes, which may manifest seismically as earthquake swarms. A swarm in February 2014 beneath densely monitored Mammoth Mountain, California, provides an opportunity to witness these interactions in high resolution. Toward this goal, we employ massive waveform-correlation-based event detection and relative relocation, which quadruples the swarm catalog to more than 6000 earthquakes and produces high-precision locations even for very small events. The swarm's main seismic zone forms a distributed fracture mesh, with individual faults activated in short earthquake bursts. The largest event of the sequence, M 3.1, apparently acted as a fault valve and was followed by a distinct wave of earthquakes propagating similar to 1km westward from the updip edge of rupture, 1-2h later. Late in the swarm, multiple small, shallower subsidiary faults activated with pronounced hypocenter migration, suggesting that a broader fluid pressure pulse propagated through the subsurface. C1 [Shelly, David R.; Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Taira, Taka'aki; Dreger, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Prejean, Stephanie G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov RI Taira, Taka'aki/L-5839-2013 OI Taira, Taka'aki/0000-0002-6170-797X NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5803 EP 5812 DI 10.1002/2015GL064325 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100016 ER PT J AU Larsen, CF Burgess, E Arendt, AA O'Neel, S Johnson, AJ Kienholz, C AF Larsen, C. F. Burgess, E. Arendt, A. A. O'Neel, S. Johnson, A. J. Kienholz, C. TI Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Alaska glaciers; tidewater glaciers; mass balance; Operation IceBridge ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETRY; GLOBAL MASCON SOLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; ICE CAPS; CLIMATE; USA; 21ST-CENTURY; INVENTORY; GREENLAND AB Mountain glaciers comprise a small and widely distributed fraction of the world's terrestrial ice, yet their rapid losses presently drive a large percentage of the cryosphere's contribution to sea level rise. Regional mass balance assessments are challenging over large glacier populations due to remote and rugged geography, variable response of individual glaciers to climate change, and episodic calving losses from tidewater glaciers. In Alaska, we use airborne altimetry from 116 glaciers to estimate a regional mass balance of -75 +/- 11 Gt yr(-1) (1994-2013). Our glacier sample is spatially well distributed, yet pervasive variability in mass balances obscures geospatial and climatic relationships. However, for the first time, these data allow the partitioning of regional mass balance by glacier type. We find that tidewater glaciers are losing mass at substantially slower rates than other glaciers in Alaska and collectively contribute to only 6% of the regional mass loss. C1 [Larsen, C. F.; Burgess, E.; Johnson, A. J.; Kienholz, C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Burgess, E.; O'Neel, S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Arendt, A. A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Larsen, CF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cflarsen@alaska.edu FU NASA [NNX13AD52A, NNX15AG21G, NNX11AF41G]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program; Alaska Climate Science Center FX This study is dedicated to Keith Echelmeyer; pilot, mountaineer, naturalist, pioneer glaciologist, and cofounder of the Alaska glacier altimetry program. Program cofounder Will Harrison provided helpful discussion and reviews. Detailed and insightful reviews by Graham Cogley and Erik Ivins improved the manuscript tremendously. We thank Paul Claus and Ultima Thule Lodge for flight support. C. Larsen, E. Burgess, and A. Johnson were funded by NASA NNX13AD52A. A. Arendt was funded by NASA NNX15AG21G. C. Kienholz was funded by NASA NNX11AF41G. S. O'Neel and E. Burgess were funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program and the Alaska Climate Science Center. For access to data see NSIDC: http://nsidc.org/data/icebridge/data_summaries.html. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 9 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5902 EP 5908 DI 10.1002/2015GL064349 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100028 ER PT J AU Hayes, MA Cryan, PM Wunder, MB AF Hayes, Mark A. Cryan, Paul M. Wunder, Michael B. TI Seasonally-Dynamic Presence-Only Species Distribution Models for a Cryptic Migratory Bat Impacted by Wind Energy Development SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LASIURUS-CINEREUS; HOARY BAT; ROOST SELECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; FATALITIES; TURBINES; THERMOREGULATION; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES AB Understanding seasonal distribution and movement patterns of animals that migrate long distances is an essential part of monitoring and conserving their populations. Compared to migratory birds and other more conspicuous migrants, we know very little about the movement patterns of many migratory bats. Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), a cryptic, wide-ranging, long-distance migrant, comprise a substantial proportion of the tens to hundreds of thousands of bat fatalities estimated to occur each year at wind turbines in North America. We created seasonally-dynamic species distribution models (SDMs) from 2,753 museum occurrence records collected over five decades in North America to better understand the seasonal geographic distributions of hoary bats. We used 5 SDM approaches: logistic regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, boosted regression trees, random forest, and maximum entropy and consolidated outputs to generate ensemble maps. These maps represent the first formal hypotheses for sex-and season-specific hoary bat distributions. Our results suggest that North American hoary bats winter in regions with relatively long growing seasons where temperatures are moderated by proximity to oceans, and then move to the continental interior for the summer. SDMs suggested that hoary bats are most broadly distributed in autumn-the season when they are most susceptible to mortality from wind turbines; this season contains the greatest overlap between potentially suitable habitat and wind energy facilities. Comparing wind-turbine fatality data to model outputs could test many predictions, such as 'risk from turbines is highest in habitats between hoary bat summering and wintering grounds'. Although future field studies are needed to validate the SDMs, this study generated well-justified and testable hypotheses of hoary bat migration patterns and seasonal distribution. C1 [Hayes, Mark A.; Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Hayes, Mark A.; Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hayes, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM hayesm@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Colorado Denver FX This study was supported by U.S. Geological Survey and University of Colorado Denver. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 24 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0132599 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0132599 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7NT UT WOS:000358622000034 PM 26208098 ER PT J AU Work, TM Balazs, GH Summers, TM Hapdei, JR Tagarino, AP AF Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. Summers, Tammy M. Hapdei, Jessy R. Tagarino, Alden P. TI Causes of mortality in green turtles from Hawaii and the insular Pacific exclusive of fibropapillomatosis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Green turtle; Chelonia mydas; Mortality; Pathology; Trauma; Infectious disease; Nutrition; Pacific ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLE; CARETTA-CARETTA; YOLK COELOMITIS; CANARY-ISLANDS; INFECTION; PATHOLOGY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; STRANDINGS AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) comprises a majority of green turtle stranding in Hawaii; however, green turtles in the Pacific are also susceptible to non-FP related causes of death. We present here necropsy findings from 230 free-ranging green turtles originating from Hawaii, the Mariana archipelago, Palmyra Atoll, American Samoa, and Johnston Atoll that died from non-FP related causes. Most turtles died from fishing-induced or boat strike trauma followed by infectious/inflammatory diseases, nutritional problems (mainly cachexia), and an array of physiologic problems. Infectious/inflammatory problems included bacterial diseases of the lungs, eyes, liver or intestines, spirorchid fluke infection, or polyarthritis of unknown origin. Likelihood of a successful diagnosis of cause of death was a function of post-mortem decomposition. Fibropapillomatosis was not seen in turtles submitted from outside Hawaii. The preponderance of anthropogenic causes of mortality offers some management opportunities to mitigate causes of death in these animals by, for example, implementing measures to decrease boating and fishing interactions. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Summers, Tammy M.; Hapdei, Jessy R.] Commonwealth Northern Marianas Dept Land & Nat Re, Sea Turtle Program, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Tagarino, Alden P.] Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Wildlife Div, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.3354/dao02890 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CN5ZK UT WOS:000358512700002 PM 26203881 ER PT J AU Belitz, K Fram, MS Johnson, TD AF Belitz, Kenneth Fram, Miranda S. Johnson, Tyler D. TI Metrics for Assessing the Quality of Groundwater Used for Public Supply, CA, USA: Equivalent-Population and Area SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; WATER; FRAMEWORK; VANADIUM; NITRATE; VALLEY; TRENDS AB Data from 11 000 public supply wells in 87 study areas were used to assess the quality of nearly all of the groundwater used for public supply in California. Two metrics were developed for quantifying groundwater quality area with, high concentrations (km(2) or proportion) and equivalent-population relying upon, ground water with high concentrations (number of people or, proportion). Concentrations are considered high if they are above a human-health, benchmark. When expressed as proportions, the metrics are area-weighted and population-weighted detection frequencies. On a statewide-scale, about 20% of the groundwater used for public supply has high concentrations for one or more constituents (23% by area and 18% by equivalent-population). On the basis of both area and equivalent-population, trace elements are more prevalent at high concentrations than either nitrate or organic compounds at the statewide-scale, in eight of nine hydrogeologic provinces, and in about three-quarters of the study areas. At a statewide-scale, nitrate is more prevalent than organic compounds based On area, but not on the basis of equivalent-population. The approach developed for this paper, unlike many studies, recognizes the importance of appropriately weighting information when changing scales, and is broadly applicable to other areas. C1 [Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Fram, Miranda S.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Johnson, Tyler D.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Belitz, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM kbelitz@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X FU USGS NAWQA program FX We thank the well owners who graciously allowed the USGS to collect samples, USGS personnel who collected and managed the data, and our colleagues who helped manage the effort. We are particularly indebted to Carmen Burton, Barbara Dawson, Justin Kulongoski, Matt Landon, and Elise Watson. This study was coordinated with the California GAMA program, funded by state bonds administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board; and the USGS NAWQA program. The use of brand names in the manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 14 BP 8330 EP 8338 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00265 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN6PY UT WOS:000358557900009 PM 26114215 ER PT J AU Romer, JD Gitelman, AI Clements, S Schreck, CB AF Romer, Jeremy D. Gitelman, Alix I. Clements, Shaun Schreck, Carl B. TI Designing a Monitoring Program to Estimate Estuarine Survival of Anadromous Salmon Smolts: Simulating the Effect of Sample Design on Inference SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STEELHEAD SMOLTS; CHINOOK SALMON; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; OREGON AB A number of researchers have attempted to estimate salmonid smolt survival during outmigration through an estuary. However, it is currently unclear how the design of such studies influences the accuracy and precision of survival estimates. In this simulation study we consider four patterns of smolt survival probability in the estuary, and test the performance of several different sampling strategies for estimating estuarine survival assuming perfect detection. The four survival probability patterns each incorporate a systematic component (constant, linearly increasing, increasing and then decreasing, and two pulses) and a random component to reflect daily fluctuations in survival probability. Generally, spreading sampling effort (tagging) across the season resulted in more accurate estimates of survival. All sampling designs in this simulation tended to under-estimate the variation in the survival estimates because seasonal and daily variation in survival probability are not incorporated in the estimation procedure. This under-estimation results in poorer performance of estimates from larger samples. Thus, tagging more fish may not result in better estimates of survival if important components of variation are not accounted for. The results of our simulation incorporate survival probabilities and run distribution data from previous studies to help illustrate the tradeoffs among sampling strategies in terms of the number of tags needed and distribution of tagging effort. This information will assist researchers in developing improved monitoring programs and encourage discussion regarding issues that should be addressed prior to implementation of any telemetry-based monitoring plan. We believe implementation of an effective estuary survival monitoring program will strengthen the robustness of life cycle models used in recovery plans by providing missing data on where and how much mortality occurs in the riverine and estuarine portions of smolt migration. These data could result in better informed management decisions and assist in guidance for more effective estuarine restoration projects. C1 [Romer, Jeremy D.; Clements, Shaun] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife Fish Res, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gitelman, Alix I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, United States Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Romer, JD (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife Fish Res, Corvallis, OR USA. EM Jeremy.Romer2@oregonstate.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0132912 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0132912 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN6LZ UT WOS:000358547600056 PM 26196283 ER PT J AU Bohu, T Santelli, CM Akob, DM Neu, TR Ciobota, V Rosch, P Popp, J Nietzsche, S Kusel, K AF Bohu, Tsing Santelli, Cara M. Akob, Denise M. Neu, Thomas R. Ciobota, Valerian Roesch, Petra Popp, Juergen Nietzsche, Sandor Kuesel, Kirsten TI Characterization of pH dependent Mn(II) oxidation strategies and formation of a bixbyite-like phase by Mesorhizobium australicum T-G1 SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catalase; low pH; Mn(II) oxidation; multi-copper oxidase; reactive oxygen species ID SP STRAIN SG-1; COAL-MINE DRAINAGE; ENZYMATIC MANGANESE(II) OXIDATION; PUTATIVE MULTICOPPER OXIDASE; MARINE BACILLUS; MN(II)-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; LEPTOTHRIX-DISCOPHORA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; TREATMENT SYSTEMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Despite the ubiquity of Mn oxides in natural environments, there are only a few observations of biological Mn(II) oxidation at pH <6. The lack of low pH Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) isolates limits our understanding of how pH influences biological Mn(II) oxidation in extreme environments. Here, we report that a novel MOB isolate, Mesorhizobium australicum strain T-G1, isolated from an acidic and metalliferous uranium mining area, can oxidize Mn(II) at both acidic and neutral pH using different enzymatic pathways. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that T-G1 initiated bixbyite-like Mn oxide formation at pH 5.5 which coincided with multi-copper oxidase expression from early exponential phase to late stationary phase. In contrast, reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide, appeared to be more important for T-G1 mediated Mn(II) oxidation at neutral pH. ROS was produced in parallel with the occurrence of Mn(II) oxidation at pH 7.2 from early stationary phase. Solid phase Mn oxides did not precipitate, which is consistent with the presence of a high amount of H2O2 and lower activity of catalase in the liquid culture at pH 7.2. Our results show that M. australicum T-G1, an acid tolerant MOB, can initiate Mn(II) oxidation by varying its oxidation mechanisms depending on the pH and may play an important role in low pH manganese biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Bohu, Tsing; Kuesel, Kirsten] Univ Jena, Dept Aquat Geomicrobiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Santelli, Cara M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Neu, Thomas R.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept River Ecol, Magdeburg, Germany. [Ciobota, Valerian; Roesch, Petra; Popp, Juergen] Univ Jena, Inst Phys Chem, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Ciobota, Valerian; Roesch, Petra; Popp, Juergen] Univ Jena, Abbe Sch Phonton, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Popp, Juergen] Leibniz Inst Phonton Technol, Jena, Germany. [Nietzsche, Sandor] Univ Jena, Univ Hosp Jena, Ctr Electron Microscopy, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Kuesel, Kirsten] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Dept Aquat Geomicrobiol, Dornburger Str 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM kirsten.kuesel@uni-jena.de RI iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025; Santelli, Cara/0000-0001-8617-0008 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [GRK 1257] FX The authors thank Dr. Juanjuan Wang and Dr. Shipeng Lu (Aquatic Geomicrobiology, FSU Jena) for help with sampling. The Laboratories of Analytical Biology of the Smithsonian Institution, USA provided free access to and assistance with Synergy HT Multi-Mode Microplate Reader. We also thank the German Science Foundation (DFG GRK 1257) for funding. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 28 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUL 17 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 734 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00734 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CN7ZJ UT WOS:000358654900001 PM 26236307 ER PT J AU Stewart-Malone, A Misamore, M Wilmoth, S Reyes, A Wong, WH Gross, J AF Stewart-Malone, Alecia Misamore, Michael Wilmoth, Siri Reyes, Alejandro Wong, Wai Hing Gross, Jackson TI The Effect of UV-C Exposure on Larval Survival of the Dreissenid Quagga Mussel SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; ROSTRIFORMIS-BUGENSIS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GREAT-LAKES; WATER; COLONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; POLYMORPHA AB The rapid spread of quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) has lead to their invasion of Lake Mead, Nevada, the largest reservoir in North America and partially responsible for providing water to millions of people in the southwest. Current strategies for mitigating the growth and spread of quagga mussels primarily include physical and chemical means of removing adults within water treatment, delivery, and hydropower facilities. In the present study, germicidal ultraviolet light (UV-C) was used to target the larval stage of wild-caught quagga mussel. The lethal effect of UV-C was evaluated at four different doses, 0.0, 13.1, 26.2, and 79.6 mJ/cm(2). Tested doses were determined based on results from preliminary trials. The results demonstrate that germicidal UV-C is effective in controlling the free-swimming life history stages of larval quagga mussels. C1 [Stewart-Malone, Alecia; Reyes, Alejandro; Gross, Jackson] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Misamore, Michael] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Wilmoth, Siri] Wilmoth Stat Consulting, Bozeman, MT USA. [Wong, Wai Hing] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Stewart-Malone, A (reprint author), Smith Root Inc, 14014 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM amalone@smith-root.com FU US Bureau of Reclamation [R11PG80895] FX This work was supported by the US Bureau of Reclamation (http://www.usbr.gov/) under Agreement number R11PG80895. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Wilmoth Statistical Consulting provided consultancy support and salary for authors [SW], who had a role in the study design, statistical analysis, and manuscript writing. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133039 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133039 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1RV UT WOS:000358198700088 PM 26186734 ER PT J AU Whiteman, JP Harlow, HJ Durner, GM Anderson-Sprecher, R Albeke, SE Regehr, EV Amstrup, SC Ben-David, M AF Whiteman, J. P. Harlow, H. J. Durner, G. M. Anderson-Sprecher, R. Albeke, S. E. Regehr, E. V. Amstrup, S. C. Ben-David, M. TI Summer declines in activity and body temperature offer polar bears limited energy savings SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; RINGED SEALS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HIBERNATION; METABOLISM; SURVIVAL; WATER AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) summer on the sea ice or, where it melts, on shore. Although the physiology of "ice" bears in summer is unknown, "shore" bears purportedly minimize energy losses by entering a hibernation-like state when deprived of food. Such a strategy could partially compensate for the loss of on-ice foraging opportunities caused by climate change. However, here we report gradual, moderate declines in activity and body temperature of both shore and ice bears in summer, resembling energy expenditures typical of fasting, nonhibernating mammals. Also, we found that to avoid unsustainable heat loss while swimming, bears employed unusual heterothermy of the body core. Thus, although well adapted to seasonal ice melt, polar bears appear susceptible to deleterious declines in body condition during the lengthening period of summer food deprivation. C1 [Whiteman, J. P.; Ben-David, M.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Whiteman, J. P.; Harlow, H. J.; Ben-David, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Durner, G. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Anderson-Sprecher, R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Albeke, S. E.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Regehr, E. V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Amstrup, S. C.] Polar Bears Int, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. RP Whiteman, JP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jwhitema@uwyo.edu FU NSF [OPP 0732713]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Mammals Management; Wyoming NASA Space Grant [NNG05G165H]; University of Wyoming; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science To Achieve Results program [F91737301] FX This study was funded by NSF (OPP 0732713), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Mammals Management, Wyoming NASA Space Grant (NNG05G165H), the University of Wyoming, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science To Achieve Results program (F91737301). This report was approved under USGS Fundamental Science Practices but not by the EPA. Views are solely those of the authors. Data are archived by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/arcss/). NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 19 U2 154 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 17 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6245 SI SI BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1126/science.aaa8623 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1ZB UT WOS:000358218600048 PM 26185248 ER PT J AU Wang, B Harrington, RM Liu, YJ Yu, HY Carey, A van der Elst, NJ AF Wang, Bei Harrington, Rebecca M. Liu, Yajing Yu, Hongyu Carey, Alex van der Elst, Nicholas J. TI Isolated cases of remote dynamic triggering in Canada detected using cataloged earthquakes combined with a matched-filter approach SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE remote dynamic triggering; crustal earthquakes; matched filter ID BAND REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; UNITED-STATES; SEISMICITY; ALBERTA; PERMEABILITY; CALIFORNIA; MECHANISM; LANDERS AB Here we search for dynamically triggered earthquakes in Canada following global main shocks between 2004 and 2014 with M-S>6, depth<100km, and estimated peak ground velocity>0.2cm/s. We use the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) earthquake catalog to calculate statistical values in 1 degrees x1 degrees bins in 10day windows before and after the main shocks. The statistical analysis suggests that triggering may occur near Vancouver Island, along the border of the Yukon and Northwest Territories, in western Alberta, western Ontario, and the Charlevoix seismic zone. We also search for triggering in Alberta where denser seismic station coverage renders regional earthquake catalogs with lower completeness thresholds. We find remote triggering in Alberta associated with three main shocks using a matched-filter approach on continuous waveform data. The increased number of local earthquakes following the passage of main shock surface waves suggests local faults may be in a critically stressed state. C1 [Wang, Bei; Harrington, Rebecca M.; Liu, Yajing; Yu, Hongyu; Carey, Alex] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Yu, Hongyu] Peking Univ, Inst Theoret & Appl Geophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [van der Elst, Nicholas J.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Wang, B (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM bei.wang@mail.mcgill.ca FU NSERC; McGill new faculty startup fund FX We thank Azadeh Fereidoni for providing the Alberta Composite catalog (accessible via www.inducedseismicity.ca), Gail Atkinson for the Alberta well data, and Jeff Gu for the Alberta velocity model. Earthquake catalog data were obtained from the ISC website, http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/, and from the NRCan website, http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/stndon/NEDB-BNDS/bull-eng.php. Seismic waveform data are publicly available on the IRIS website, http://ds.iris.edu/SeismiQuery/breq_fast.phtml. This study is funded by two NSERC Discovery grants to Harrington and Liu at McGill University, as well as partially funded by a McGill new faculty startup fund. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5187 EP 5196 DI 10.1002/2015GL064377 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300014 ER PT J AU Kim, K Fee, D Yokoo, A Lees, JM AF Kim, Keehoon Fee, David Yokoo, Akihiko Lees, Jonathan M. TI Acoustic source inversion to estimate volume flux from volcanic explosions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrasound; waveform inversion; volcanology; FDTD modeling ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; INFRASOUND; ERUPTION; PROPAGATION; TOPOGRAPHY; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS AB We present an acoustic waveform inversion technique for infrasound data to estimate volume fluxes from volcanic eruptions. Previous inversion techniques have been limited by the use of a 1-D Green's function in a free space or half space, which depends only on the source-receiver distance and neglects volcanic topography. Our method exploits full 3-D Green's functions computed by a numerical method that takes into account realistic topographic scattering. We apply this method to vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan. Our inversion results produce excellent waveform fits to field observations and demonstrate that full 3-D Green's functions are necessary for accurate volume flux inversion. Conventional inversions without consideration of topographic propagation effects may lead to large errors in the source parameter estimate. The presented inversion technique will substantially improve the accuracy of eruption source parameter estimation (cf. mass eruption rate) during volcanic eruptions and provide critical constraints for volcanic eruption dynamics and ash dispersal forecasting for aviation safety. Application of this approach to chemical and nuclear explosions will also provide valuable source information (e.g., the amount of energy released) previously unavailable. C1 [Kim, Keehoon; Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Yokoo, Akihiko] Kyoto Univ, Inst Geothermal Sci, Kumamoto, Japan. [Lees, Jonathan M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys Monitoring Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kkim32@alaska.edu RI Kim, Keehoon/J-8279-2015 OI Kim, Keehoon/0000-0002-8635-0428 FU National Science Foundation EAR [1331084]; Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX The authors thank Sakurajima Volcano Observatory for their invaluable help including logistical support with the field experiment. We are grateful to Matthew Haney for constructive and helpful discussions. This work was made possible with financial support from National Science Foundation EAR grant 1331084 and the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The authors also thank Bernard Chouet and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5243 EP 5249 DI 10.1002/2015GL064466 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300021 ER PT J AU Montgomery-Brown, EK Wicks, CW Cervelli, PF Langbein, JO Svarc, JL Shelly, DR Hill, DP Lisowski, M AF Montgomery-Brown, E. K. Wicks, C. W. Cervelli, P. F. Langbein, J. O. Svarc, J. L. Shelly, D. R. Hill, D. P. Lisowski, M. TI Renewed inflation of Long Valley Caldera, California (2011 to 2014) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE caldera deformation; Long Valley; geodesy; InSAR; GPS ID CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; RESIDENCE TIMES; FLUID MIGRATION; MAGMA INTRUSION; GRAVITY CHANGES; DEFORMATION; UNREST; CONSTRAINTS; SUBSIDENCE AB Slow inflation began at Long Valley Caldera in late 2011, coinciding with renewed swarm seismicity. Ongoing deformation is concentrated within the caldera. We analyze this deformation using a combination of GPS and InSAR (TerraSAR-X) data processed with a persistent scatterer technique. The extension rate of the dome-crossing baseline during this episode (CA99 to KRAC) is 1cm/yr, similar to past inflation episodes (1990-1995 and 2002-2003), and about a tenth of the peak rate observed during the 1997 unrest. The current deformation is well modeled by the inflation of a prolate spheroidal magma reservoir approximate to 7km beneath the resurgent dome, with a volume change of approximate to 6x10(6)m(3)/yr from 2011.7 through the end of 2014. The current data cannot resolve a second source, which was required to model the 1997 episode. This source appears to be in the same region as previous inflation episodes, suggesting a persistent reservoir. C1 [Montgomery-Brown, E. K.; Cervelli, P. F.; Shelly, D. R.; Hill, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wicks, C. W.; Langbein, J. O.; Svarc, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lisowski, M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Montgomery-Brown, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov OI Montgomery-Brown, Emily/0000-0001-6787-2055 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship FX The authors thank D. Beckaert for assistance with removing tropospheric effects from the interferograms. This work was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. The authors appreciate thorough comments from K. Anderson, R. Grapenthin, an anonymous reviewer, and the Editor. The GPS data are available from the USGS website (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/monitoring/gps/LongValley/). The InSAR data are available through DLR (http://sss.terrasar-x.dlr.de/). NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5250 EP 5257 DI 10.1002/2015GL064338 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300022 ER PT J AU Lavers, DA Ralph, FM Waliser, DE Gershunov, A Dettinger, MD AF Lavers, David A. Ralph, F. Martin Waliser, Duane E. Gershunov, Alexander Dettinger, Michael D. TI Climate change intensification of horizontal water vapor transport in CMIP5 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water vapor transport; CMIP5; climate change ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WEST-COAST; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; PROJECTIONS; ENSEMBLE; IMPACTS AB Global warming of the Earth's atmosphere is hypothesized to lead to an intensification of the global water cycle. To determine associated hydrological changes, most previous research has used precipitation. This study, however, investigates projected changes to global atmospheric water vapor transport (integrated vapor transport (IVT)), the key link between water source and sink regions. Using 22 global circulation models from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, we evaluate, globally, the mean, standard deviation, and the 95th percentiles of IVT from the historical simulations (1979-2005) and two emissions scenarios (2073-2099). Considering the more extreme emissions, multimodel mean IVT increases by 30-40% in the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm tracks and in the equatorial Pacific Ocean trade winds. An acceleration of the high-latitude IVT is also shown. Analysis of low-altitude moisture and winds suggests that these changes are mainly due to higher atmospheric water vapor content. C1 [Lavers, David A.; Ralph, F. Martin; Waliser, Duane E.; Gershunov, Alexander; Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, CASPO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lavers, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dlavers@ucsd.edu OI Dettinger, Michael/0000-0002-7509-7332 FU California Department of Water Resources; NASA FX We thank Mary Tyree for retrieving the CMIP5 data and California Department of Water Resources for their financial support. D.W.'s contribution was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Comments from Jonathan Rutz helped improve the manuscript. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5617 EP 5625 DI 10.1002/2015GL064672 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8LG UT WOS:000358691300067 ER PT J AU Fuess, LE Eisenlord, ME Closek, CJ Tracy, AM Mauntz, R Gignoux-Wolfsohn, S Moritsch, MM Yoshioka, R Burge, CA Harvell, CD Friedman, CS Hewson, I Hershberger, PK Roberts, SB AF Fuess, Lauren E. Eisenlord, Morgan E. Closek, Collin J. Tracy, Allison M. Mauntz, Ruth Gignoux-Wolfsohn, Sarah Moritsch, Monica M. Yoshioka, Reyn Burge, Colleen A. Harvell, C. Drew Friedman, Carolyn S. Hewson, Ian Hershberger, Paul K. Roberts, Steven B. TI Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-PURPURATUS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING LECTIN; URCHIN GENOME; DROSOPHILA AB Echinoderms, positioned taxonomically at the base of deuterostomes, provide an important system for the study of the evolution of the immune system. However, there is little known about the cellular components and genes associated with echinoderm immunity. The 2013-2014 sea star wasting disease outbreak is an emergent, rapidly spreading disease, which has led to large population declines of asteroids in the North American Pacific. While evidence suggests that the signs of this disease, twisting arms and lesions, may be attributed to a viral infection, the host response to infection is still poorly understood. In order to examine transcriptional responses of the sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides to sea star wasting disease, we injected a viral sized fraction (0.2 mu m) homogenate prepared from symptomatic P. helianthoides into apparently healthy stars. Nine days following injection, when all stars were displaying signs of the disease, specimens were sacrificed and coelomocytes were extracted for RNA-seq analyses. A number of immune genes, including those involved in Toll signaling pathways, complement cascade, melanization response, and arachidonic acid metabolism, were differentially expressed. Furthermore, genes involved in nervous system processes and tissue remodeling were also differentially expressed, pointing to transcriptional changes underlying the signs of sea star wasting disease. The genomic resources presented here not only increase understanding of host response to sea star wasting disease, but also provide greater insight into the mechanisms underlying immune function in echinoderms. C1 [Fuess, Lauren E.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Eisenlord, Morgan E.; Tracy, Allison M.; Yoshioka, Reyn; Burge, Colleen A.; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Closek, Collin J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mauntz, Ruth] Donald P Shiley Biosci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Gignoux-Wolfsohn, Sarah] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Moritsch, Monica M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Burge, Colleen A.; Friedman, Carolyn S.; Roberts, Steven B.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hewson, Ian] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. RP Fuess, LE (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM fuess@uta.edu OI Eisenlord, Morgan/0000-0002-9353-6642; Roberts, Steven/0000-0001-8302-1138 FU National Science Foundation (OCE) [1215977] FX This work was completed as part of the Ecology of Infectious Marine Diseases Research Coordination Network Workshop, funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE #1215977; http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/ecologymarinedisease/Home/Home.html; http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=11691&org=OCE). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 18 U2 79 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133053 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133053 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1RL UT WOS:000358197600205 PM 26176852 ER PT J AU Dalyander, PS Plant, NG Long, JW McLaughlin, M AF Dalyander, P. Soupy Plant, Nathaniel G. Long, Joseph W. McLaughlin, Molly TI Nearshore dynamics of artificial sand and oil agglomerates SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sand and oil agglomerates; Tarballs; Surface residual balls; Oil spill; Sediment transport; Deepwater Horizon ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; WATER-HORIZON OIL; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; COMBINED WAVE; SURF ZONE; OSCILLATORY FLOW; SHEAR-STRESS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF AB Weathered oil can mix with sediment to form heavier-than-water sand and oil agglomerates (SOAs) that can cause beach re-oiling for years after a spill. Few studies have focused on the physical dynamics of SOAs. In this study, artificial SOAs (aSOAs) were created and deployed in the nearshore, and shear stress-based mobility formulations were assessed to predict SOA response. Prediction sensitivity to uncertainty in hydrodynamic conditions and shear stress parameterizations were explored. Critical stress estimates accounting for large particle exposure in a mixed bed gave the best predictions of mobility under shoaling and breaking waves. In the surf zone, the 10-cm aSOA was immobile and began to bury in the seafloor while smaller size classes dispersed alongshore. aSOAs up to 5 cm in diameter were frequently mobilized in the swash zone. The uncertainty in predicting aSOA dynamics reflects a broader uncertainty in applying mobility and transport formulations to cm-sized particles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dalyander, P. Soupy; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Long, Joseph W.; McLaughlin, Molly] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA. RP Dalyander, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA. EM sdalyander@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 344 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.049 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CM0DP UT WOS:000357348900048 PM 25956438 ER PT J AU Platt, U Lubcke, P Kuhn, J Bobrowski, N Prata, F Burton, M Kern, C AF Platt, Ulrich Luebcke, Peter Kuhn, Jonas Bobrowski, Nicole Prata, Fred Burton, Mike Kern, Christoph TI Quantitative imaging of volcanic plumes - Results, needs, and future trends SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gases; Remote sensing; Imaging; Spectroscopy ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; REMOTE MEASUREMENT; SO2 CAMERAS; GAS; LIDAR; DOAS; INSTRUMENT; ERUPTIONS AB Recent technology allows two-dimensional "imaging" of trace gas distributions in plumes. In contrast to older, one-dimensional remote sensing techniques, that are only capable of measuring total column densities, the new imaging methods give insight into details of transport and mixing processes as well as chemical transformation within plumes. We give an overview of gas imaging techniques already being applied at volcanoes (SO2 cameras, imaging DOAS, FT-IR imaging), present techniques where first field experiments were conducted (LED-LIDAR, tomographic mapping), and describe some techniques where only theoretical studies with application to volcanology exist (e.g. Fabry-Perot Imaging, Gas Correlation Spectroscopy, hi-static LIDAR). Finally, we discuss current needs and future trends in imaging technology. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Platt, Ulrich; Luebcke, Peter; Kuhn, Jonas; Bobrowski, Nicole] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys IUP, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Prata, Fred] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Climate & Atmosphere Dept, Kjeller, Norway. [Burton, Mike] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. [Kern, Christoph] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Platt, U (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys IUP, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Burton, Mike/B-5716-2014 OI Burton, Mike/0000-0003-3779-4812 FU DFG [DFG193/14-1, DFG3611/1-1] FX The authors like to thank the DFG projects DFG193/14-1 and DFG3611/1-1 for the financial support and Taryn Lopez (University of Alaska Fairbanks) for providing very helpful comments on the manuscript on behalf of the USGS. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 300 SI SI BP 7 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.006 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL8OH UT WOS:000357233500003 ER PT J AU Kern, C Lubcke, P Bobrowski, N Campion, R Mori, T Smekens, JF Stebel, K Tamburello, G Burton, M Platt, U Prata, F AF Kern, Christoph Luebcke, Peter Bobrowski, Nicole Campion, Robin Mori, Toshiya Smekens, Jean-Francois Stebel, Kerstin Tamburello, Giancarlo Burton, Mike Platt, Ulrich Prata, Fred TI Intercomparison of SO2 camera systems for imaging volcanic gas plumes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SO2 Camera; Volcanic gas emissions; Sulfur dioxide; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Instrument intercomparison; Remote sensing ID LIGHT AB SO2 camera systems are increasingly being used to image volcanic gas plumes. The ability to derive SO2 emission rates directly from the acquired imagery at high time resolution allows volcanic process studies that incorporate other high time-resolution datasets. Though the general principles behind the SO2 camera have remained the same for a number of years, recent advances in CCD technology and an improved understanding of the physics behind the measurements have driven a continuous evolution of the camera systems. Here we present an intercomparison of seven different SO2 cameras. In the first part of the experiment, the various technical designs are compared and the advantages and drawbacks of individual design options are considered. Though the ideal design was found to be dependent on the specific application, a number of general recommendations are made. Next, a time series of images recorded by all instruments at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) is compared. All instruments were easily able to capture SO2 clouds emitted from the summit vents. Quantitative comparison of the SO2 load in an individual cloud yielded an intra-instrument precision of about 12%. From the imagery, emission rates were then derived according to each group's standard retrieval process. A daily average SO2 emission rate of 61 +/- 10 t/d was calculated. Due to differences in spatial integration methods and plume velocity determination, the time-dependent progression of SO2 emissions varied significantly among the individual systems. However, integration over distinct degassing events yielded comparable SO2 masses. Based on the intercomparison data, we find an approximate 1-sigma precision of 20% for the emission rates derived from the various SO2 cameras. Though it may still be improved in the future, this is currently within the typical accuracy of the measurement and is considered sufficient for most applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kern, Christoph] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Luebcke, Peter; Bobrowski, Nicole; Platt, Ulrich] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Campion, Robin] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Mori, Toshiya] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Smekens, Jean-Francois] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Stebel, Kerstin; Prata, Fred] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Climate & Atmosphere Dept, N-2007 Metier, Norway. [Tamburello, Giancarlo] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Mare, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. [Burton, Mike] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. RP Kern, C (reprint author), USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM ckern@usgs.gov RI Burton, Mike/B-5716-2014; OI Burton, Mike/0000-0003-3779-4812; Campion, Robin/0000-0003-1638-8479 FU European Science Foundation's MeMoVolc Program; Plume Imaging Workshop; Richard Lounsbery Foundation; Deep Carbon Observatory FX We would like to acknowledge the generous support from European Science Foundation's MeMoVolc Program which funded a large part of the Plume Imaging Workshop during which the intercomparison experiment was conducted. C.K. would like to thank the Richard Lounsbery Foundation and the Deep Carbon Observatory for providing additional funding for this study. PL and NB would like to thank Denis Pohler for his help in designing an SO2 camera prototype. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 300 SI SI BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.026 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL8OH UT WOS:000357233500004 ER PT J AU Nadeau, PA Werner, CA Waite, GP Cam, SA Brewer, ID Elias, T Sutton, AJ Kern, C AF Nadeau, Patricia A. Werner, Cynthia A. Waite, Gregory P. Cam, Simon A. Brewer, Ian D. Elias, Tamar Sutton, A. Jeff Kern, Christoph TI Using SO2 camera imagery and seismicity to examine degassing and gas accumulation at Kilauea Volcano, May 2010 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SO2 camera; Volcanic outgassing; SO2 emissions; Low-frequency seismicity; Kilauea Volcano; Gas pistoning ID ALE-LAVA LAKE; HAWAII; TREMOR; ROCKFALLS; ETHIOPIA; PLUMES AB SO2 camera measurements at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, in May of 2010 captured two occurrences of lava lake rise and fall within the Halema'um'au Crater summit vent During high lava stands we observed diminished SO2 emission rates and decreased seismic tremor. Similar events at Kilauea have been described as the result of sporadic degassing following gas accumulation beneath a mostly impermeable lava lake surface. Incorporation of SO2 camera data into a multi-parameter dataset gives credence to the likelihood of shallow gas accumulation as the cause of these high stand events, with accumulated gas release upon lake-level drop compensating for the gas deficit reached during accumulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadeau, Patricia A.; Waite, Gregory P.; Cam, Simon A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Werner, Cynthia A.; Brewer, Ian D.; Kern, Christoph] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A. Jeff] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Tulsa, HI 96718 USA. RP Nadeau, PA (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cent Pk West & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM pnadeau@amnh.org; cwerner@usgs.gov; gpwaite@mtu.edu; scam@mtu.edu; telias@usgs.gov; ajsutton@usgs.gov; ckern@usgs.gov FU Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society; Michigan Space Grant Consortium; Michigan Technological University; NSF [PIRE 0530109]; American Museum of Natural History FX Funding for field work in Hawaii was provided by a Grant-In-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society; a graduate fellowship from the Michigan Space Grant Consortium; and a DeVlieg Fellowship from Michigan Technological University. Manuscript completion was also supported by NSF PIRE 0530109 and a Kathryn W. Davis Fellowship from the American Museum of Natural History. We thank the National Park Service, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, the United States Geological Survey, and the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for accommodating and facilitating field work at Kilauea. E. Head and C. Sealing are thanked for assistance in the field, and M. Patrick, D. Wilson, M. Poland, K Wooten, D. Fee, M. Garces, and W. Thelen are also thanked for data sharing and valuable discussions. We thank M. Edmonds and an anonymous reviewer for input that greatly improved this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 300 SI SI BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.005 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL8OH UT WOS:000357233500008 ER PT J AU Lopez, T Thomas, HE Prata, AJ Amigo, A Fee, D Moriano, D AF Lopez, T. Thomas, H. E. Prata, A. J. Amigo, A. Fee, D. Moriano, D. TI Volcanic plume characteristics determined using an infrared imaging camera SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcanic emissions; Volcanic plumes; Thermal imaging broadband ID STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; KARYMSKY VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; LASCAR VOLCANO; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; NORTHERN CHILE; OPTICAL DEPTH; PARTICLE-SIZE; ASH PLUMES AB Measurements of volcanic emissions (ash and SO2) from small-sized eruptions at three geographically dispersed volcanoes are presented from a novel, multichannel, uncooled imaging infrared camera. Infrared instruments and cameras have been used previously at volcanoes to study lava bodies and to assess plume dynamics using high temperature sources. Here we use spectrally resolved narrowband (similar to 0.5-1 mu m bandwidth) imagery to retrieve SO2 and ash slant column densities (g m(-2)) and emission rates or fluxes from infrared thermal imagery at close to ambient atmospheric temperatures. The relatively fast sampling (0.1-0.5 Hz) of the multispectral imagery and the fast sampling (similar to 1 Hz) of single channel temperature data permit analysis of some aspects of plume dynamics. Estimations of SO2 and ash mass fluxes, and total slant column densities of SO2 and fine ash in individual small explosions from Stromboli (Italy) and Karymsky (Russia), and total SO2 slant column densities and fluxes from Lascar (Chile) volcanoes, are provided. We evaluate the temporal evolution of fine ash particle sizes in ash-rich explosions at Stromboli and Karymsky and use these observations to infer the presence of at least two distinct fine ash modes, with mean radii of <10 mu m and >10 mu m. The camera and techniques detailed here provide a tool to quickly and remotely estimate fluxes of fine ash and SO2 gas and characterize eruption size. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez, T.; Fee, D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lopez, T.; Fee, D.] Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Thomas, H. E.; Prata, A. J.; Moriano, D.] Nicarnica Aviat, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. [Amigo, A.] SERNAGEOMIN, Chilean Geol & Min Serv, Volcano Hazards Program, Temuco, Chile. [Amigo, A.] FONDAP, CEGA Andean Geothermal Ctr Excellence, Santiago 15090013, Chile. [Fee, D.] Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lopez, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tlopez@gi.alaska.edu FU European Commission FP7 project (FUTUREVOLC) [308377]; CONICYT-FONDAP project [1090013]; Geophysical Institute; Alaska Space Grant Consortium; NSF [EAR 1250148, EAR 1331084] FX We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and in particular we are most grateful to one anonymous reviewer for the thoroughness of the review which significantly improved this manuscript. Part of this work is funded by the European Commission FP7 project No. 308377 (FUTUREVOLC). The CONICYT-FONDAP project No. 1090013 is thanked for funding part of this work. Topographic data from the NASA ASTER instrument were used in Fig. 5. TML acknowledges funding from the Geophysical Institute, the Alaska Space Grant Consortium, and NSF grant EAR 1250148. DF acknowledges support from NSF grant EAR 1331084. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 300 SI SI BP 148 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.009 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL8OH UT WOS:000357233500015 ER PT J AU Metcalfe, SE Barron, JA Davies, SJ AF Metcalfe, Sarah E. Barron, John A. Davies, Sarah J. TI The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE North American Monsoon (NAM); Holocene; Forcings; Climate modelling; Seasonality ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; LOWLAND CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; SUMMER PRECIPITATION REGIME AB Evidence for climatic change across the North American Monsoon (NAM) and adjacent areas is reviewed, drawing on continental and marine records and the application of climate models. Patterns of change at 12,000, 9000, 6000 and 4000 cal yr BP are presented to capture the nature of change from the Younger Dryas (YD) and through the mid-Holocene. At the YD, conditions were cooler overall, wetter in the north and drier in the south, while moving into the Holocene wetter conditions became established in the south and then spread north as the NAM strengthened. Until c. 8000 cal yr BP, the Laurentide Ice Sheet influenced precipitation in the north by pushing the Bermuda High further south. The peak extent of the NAM seems to have occurred around 6000 cal yr BP. 4000 cal yr BP marks the start of important changes across the NAM region, with drying in the north and the establishment of the clear differences between the summer-rain dominated south and central areas and the north, where winter rain is more important. This differentiation between south and north is crucial to understanding many climate responses across the NAM. This increasing variability is coincident with the declining influence of orbital forcing. 4000 cal yr BP also marks the onset of significant anthropogenic activity in many areas. For the last 2000 years, the focus is on higher temporal resolution change, with strong variations across the region. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is characterised by centennial scale 'megadrought' across the southwest USA, associated with cooler tropical Pacific SSTs and persistent La Nina type conditions. Proxy data from southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean reveal generally wetter conditions, whereas records from the highlands of central Mexico and much of the Yucatan are typified by long -term drought. The Little Ice Age (LIA), in the north, was characterised by cooler, wetter winter conditions that have been linked with increased frequency of El Nino's. Proxy records in the central and southern regions reveal generally dry LIA conditions, consistent with cooler SSTs in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. This synthesis demonstrates that in some periods, one major forcing can dominate across the whole area (e.g. insolation in the early-mid Holocene), but at other times there is strong variability in patterns of change due to the differential impact of forcings such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on precipitation seasonality. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Metcalfe, Sarah E.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Davies, Sarah J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. RP Metcalfe, SE (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM sarah.metcalfe@nottingham.ac.uk FU USGS Climate and Land Use, Research and Development Program FX The authors would like to thank Anthony Smith (Aberystwyth University) for the preparation of some of the figures. JB was funded through the USGS Climate and Land Use, Research and Development Program. SEM would like to acknowledge the quiet working environment provided by a Visiting Research Associate position at the British Geological Survey. The authors would like to thank Bob Thompson and an anonymous reviewer for their useful comments and Scott Starratt for a review for the U.S. Geological Survey. David Wahl provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 274 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CL5CZ UT WOS:000356978700001 ER PT J AU Santymire, RM Lavin, SR Branvold-Faber, H Kreeger, J Marinari, P AF Santymire, Rachel M. Lavin, Shana R. Branvold-Faber, Heather Kreeger, Julie Marinari, Paul TI Effect of dietary vitamin E and prey supplementation on semen quality in male black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Nutrition; Semen quality; Vitamin E; Vitamin A ID TIGERS PANTHERA-TIGRIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; A SUPPLEMENTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; SPERM MOTILITY; ORAL HEALTH; ANTIOXIDANTS; SELENIUM; CONSEQUENCES; MORPHOLOGY AB Over the recent years, the captive population of the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes; ferret) has experienced a decline in normal sperm (NS) morphology (from 50% to 16%), which may be linked to inbreeding depression or it may have been a dietary change. We examined the role of dietary vitamin E, selenium (SE), and vitamin A on serum levels of vitamin E, SE, and vitamin A and semen quality. Ferrets (n = 55 males) were randomly assigned to one of five diet treatments (n = 11 per treatment): (1) horsemeat diet (control); (2) horsemeat diet + vitamin E (400 IU/kg Dry Matter) daily; (3) horsemeat diet + whole prey; (4) horsemeat diet + vitamin E daily + whole prey; and (5) beef diet. Both blood (prediet and postdiet change) and diets were analyzed for vitamin E, vitamin A, and SE concentrations. Electroejaculates were collected monthly and evaluated for sperm concentration, sperm motility index (includes percent motile and forward progression), and percent NS. Results reveal that the beef and horsemeat diets had comparable (P = 0.05) vitamin E and SE concentrations and all diets met most nutrient requirements for small carnivores; however, the horsemeat diet was excessive in vitamin A and the beef diet was deficient in vitamin A. Vitamin E supplementation increased (chi(2)(1) = 25.83; P < 0.001) serum vitamin E. Ferrets fed the beef diet or prey had improved (H-4 = 15.596; P = 0.004) sperm motility index than the horsemeat control group, and ferrets fed the horsemeat diet supplemented with vitamin E had the lowest (H-4 = 18.408; P = 0.001) NS. In conclusion, the high levels of vitamin A in the horsemeat diet could compete with vitamin E as evidence by serum levels, which may reduce reproductive success in this endangered species. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Santymire, Rachel M.; Lavin, Shana R.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Conservat & Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Branvold-Faber, Heather; Kreeger, Julie; Marinari, Paul] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Carr, CO USA. RP Santymire, RM (reprint author), Lincoln Pk Zoo, Conservat & Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM rsantymire@lpzoo.org FU Association of Zoos and Aquariums' Conservation Endowment Grant [97-219]; Lincoln Park Zoo's Davee Center FX This work was funded by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums' Conservation Endowment Grant (97-219) and Lincoln Park Zoo's Davee Center Core funding. The authors would like to thank Diana Armstrong, Jenna Stewart, Christina Pawlik, Merl Raisbeck, and the staff at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center for assistance with the project. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 84 IS 2 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.007 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA CK0JH UT WOS:000355891000006 PM 25890779 ER PT J AU Mask, TA Schoenecker, KA Kane, AJ Ransom, JI Bruemmer, JE AF Mask, Tracy A. Schoenecker, Kathryn A. Kane, Albert J. Ransom, Jason I. Bruemmer, Jason E. TI Serum antibody immunoreactivity to equine zona protein after SpayVac vaccination SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Contraception; Equus caballus; Fertility control; Immunocontraception; Porcine ZP ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PELLUCIDA GLYCOPROTEINS; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; OOCYTES; HORSES AB Immunocontraception with porcine ZP (pZP) can be an effective means of fertility control in feral horses. Previous studies suggest that antibodies produced after pZP vaccination may both inhibit fertilization and cause follicular dysgenesis. Zonastat-H, PZP-22, and SpayVac are three pZP vaccines proposed for use in horses. Although all these vaccines contain the pZP antigen, variations in antigen preparation and vaccine formulation lead to differences in antigenic properties among them. Likewise, despite numerous efficacy and safety studies of Zonastat-H and PZP-22, the contraceptive mechanisms of SpayVac remain unclear. The preparation of pZP for SpayVac is thought to include more nonzona proteins, making it less pure than the other two vaccines. This may result in increased antigenicity of the vaccine. We therefore investigated the immunoreactivity of serum antibodies from SpayVac-vaccinated mares to equine zona protein. Western blot analyses revealed an immunoreactivity of these antibodies to protein isolated from mature equine oocytes, ZP, follicular tissues, and ovarian tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to locate the binding of serum antibodies to the ZP of immature oocytes in ovarian stromal tissue. We also found serum antibodies from SpayVac-treated mares to be predominantly specific for zona protein 3. Collectively, our results suggest a model where serum antibodies produced in response to SpayVac vaccination are immunoreactive to equine zona protein in vitro. Our study lends insight into the contraceptive mechanisms underlying the infertility observed after SpayVac vaccination. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mask, Tracy A.; Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mask, Tracy A.; Bruemmer, Jason E.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kane, Albert J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ransom, Jason I.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bruemmer, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jason.Bruemmer@colostate.edu FU United States Geological Survey Wildlife Program FX This research was funded by the United States Geological Survey Wildlife Program and conducted through a cooperative effort between the USGS Fort Collins Science center, Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Colorado State University. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government or Colorado State University. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 84 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.012 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA CK0JH UT WOS:000355891000011 PM 25922172 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Avouac, JP Hudnut, KW Donnellan, A Parker, JW Graves, RW Helmberger, D Fielding, E Liu, Z Cappa, F Eneva, M AF Wei, Shengji Avouac, Jean-Philippe Hudnut, Kenneth W. Donnellan, Andrea Parker, Jay W. Graves, Robert W. Helmberger, Don Fielding, Eric Liu, Zhen Cappa, Frederic Eneva, Mariana TI The 2012 Brawley swarm triggered by injection-induced aseismic slip SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fluid injection; aseismic slip; high frequency waveform modeling; UAVSAR and InSAR; geothermal; finite fault model ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE SWARM; SUPERSTITION HILLS; FAULT; RUPTURE; SEQUENCE AB It has long been known that fluid injection or withdrawal can induce earthquakes, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. For example, the 2012 Brawley swarm, which produced two strike-slip shocks with magnitudes larger than 5.3 and surface ruptures in the close vicinity of a geothermal field, started with earthquakes about 5 km deeper than the injection depth (similar to 1.5 km). This makes the causality between the injection and seismicity unclear. Here, we jointly analyze broadband and strong motion waveforms, UAVSAR, leveling measurements and field observations to reveal the detailed seismic and aseismic faulting behaviors associated with the 2012 Brawley swarm. In particular, path calibration established from smaller events in the swarm allows waveform inversion to be conducted up to 3 Hz to resolve finite rupture process of the Mw 4.7 normal event. Our results show that the 2012 earthquake sequence was preceded by aseismic slip on a shallow normal fault beneath the geothermal field. Aseismic slip initiated in 2010 when injection rate rapidly increased and triggered the following earthquakes subsequently, including unusually shallow and relatively high frequency seismic excitations on the normal fault. In this example, seismicity is induced indirectly by fluid injection, a result of mediation by aseismic creep, rather than directly by a pore pressure increase at the location of the earthquakes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wei, Shengji; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Helmberger, Don; Cappa, Frederic] CALTECH, Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Donnellan, Andrea; Parker, Jay W.; Fielding, Eric; Liu, Zhen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cappa, Frederic] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, IRD, Observ Cote Azur,Geoazur UMR 7329, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Eneva, Mariana] Imageair Inc, Reno, NV 89509 USA. [Wei, Shengji] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore EOS, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Wei, SJ (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore EOS, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM shjwei@ntu.edu.sg RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/B-5699-2015; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; Cappa, Frederic/B-4014-2017; Liu, Zhen/D-8334-2017 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-3060-8442; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Cappa, Frederic/0000-0003-4859-8024; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA [102443-281945.02.47.02.89] FX The seismic data were downloaded from Southern California Seismic Data Center and strong motion data center (strongmotion-center.org). We thank the Omar Company for providing the leveling data used in this study. We are grateful to Elizabeth Cochran and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. Suzanne Donovan helped editing the manuscript. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this research was supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior and Geodetic Imaging programs (grant number 102443-281945.02.47.02.89). We thank the UAVSAR team and in particular Scott Hensley, Yunling Lou, Brian Hawkins, Naiara Pinto, and Yang Zheng for collection and processing of the UAVSAR data. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 422 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.054 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CJ2YN UT WOS:000355350700013 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR AF Selbig, William R. TI Simulating the effect of climate change on stream temperature in the Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Stream temperature; Model; Brook trout; Thermal toxicity; Wisconsin ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SIERRA-NEVADA; BROOK-TROUT; CALIFORNIA; HABITAT; MODELS; REGIME; FLOW; USA AB The potential for increases in stream temperature across many spatial and temporal scales as a result of climate change can pose a difficult challenge for environmental managers, especially when addressing thermal requirements for sensitive aquatic species. This study evaluates simulated changes to the thermal regime of three northern Wisconsin streams in response to a projected changing climate using a modeling framework and considers implications of thermal stresses to the fish community. The Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP) was used in combination with a coupled ground water and surface water flow model to assess forecasts in climate from six global circulation models and three emission scenarios. Model results suggest that annual average stream temperature will steadily increase approximately 1.1 to 3.2 degrees C (varying by stream) by the year 2100 with differences in magnitude between emission scenarios. Daily mean stream temperature during the months of July and August, a period when cold-water fish communities are most sensitive, showed excursions from optimal temperatures with increased frequency compared to current conditions. Projections of daily mean stream temperature, in some cases, were no longer in the range necessary to sustain a cold water fishery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Project FX The author would like to thank John Risley and Steven Markstrom for their helpful comments. The U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program and the Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Project provided financial support necessary to complete this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2015 VL 521 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.072 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH3ED UT WOS:000353909000002 PM 25828407 ER PT J AU Costa, B Kendall, MS Parrish, FA Rooney, J Boland, RC Chow, M Lecky, J Montgomery, A Spalding, H AF Costa, Bryan Kendall, Matthew S. Parrish, Frank A. Rooney, John Boland, Raymond C. Chow, Malia Lecky, Joey Montgomery, Anthony Spalding, Heather TI Identifying Suitable Locations for Mesophotic Hard Corals Offshore of Maui, Hawai'i SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HABITAT MODELS; REEF ACCRETION; AUAU CHANNEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION AB Mesophotic hard corals (MHC) are increasingly threatened by a growing number of anthropogenic stressors, including impacts from fishing, land-based sources of pollution, and ocean acidification. However, little is known about their geographic distributions (particularly around the Pacific islands) because it is logistically challenging and expensive to gather data in the 30 to 150 meter depth range where these organisms typically live. The goal of this study was to begin to fill this knowledge gap by modelling and predicting the spatial distribution of three genera of mesophotic hard corals offshore of Maui in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Maximum Entropy modeling software was used to create separate maps of predicted probability of occurrence and uncertainty for: (1) Leptoseris, (2) Montipora, and (3) Porites. Genera prevalence was derived from the in situ presence/absence data, and used to convert relative habitat suitability to probability of occurrence values. Approximately 1,300 georeferenced records of the occurrence of MHC, and 34 environmental predictors were used to train the model ensembles. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC) values were between 0.89 and 0.97, indicating excellent overall model performance. Mean uncertainty and mean absolute error for the spatial predictions ranged from 0.006% to 0.05% and 3.73% to 17.6%, respectively. Depth, distance from shore, euphotic depth (mean and standard deviation) and sea surface temperature (mean and standard deviation) were identified as the six most influential predictor variables for partitioning habitats among the three genera. MHC were concentrated between Hanaka' o' o and Papawai Points offshore of western Maui most likely because this area hosts warmer, clearer and calmer water conditions almost year round. While these predictions helped to fill some knowledge gaps offshore of Maui, many information gaps remain in the Hawaiian Archipelago and Pacific Islands. This approach may be used to identify other potentially suitable areas for MHCs, helping scientists and resource managers prioritize sites, and focus their limited resources on areas that may be of higher scientific or conservation value. C1 [Costa, Bryan; Kendall, Matthew S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Costa, Bryan] CSS Dynamac, Fairfax, VA USA. [Parrish, Frank A.; Rooney, John; Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Chow, Malia; Lecky, Joey] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Honolulu, HI USA. [Montgomery, Anthony] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Islands Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Spalding, Heather] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Costa, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bryan.costa@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS); NOAA's Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO); NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) [NA07NOS4780188, NA07NOS4780187, NA07NOS478190, NA07NOS4780189]; NOAA Undersea Research Program's Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory [NA05OAR4301108] FX Funding for this spatial modeling effort was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HIHWNMS). This modeling effort was made possible because of research funded by the NOAA's Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) under award NA07NOS4780188 to the Bishop Museum, NA07NOS4780187 and NA07NOS478190 to the University of Hawai'i, NA07NOS4780189 to the State of Hawai'i's Division of Aquatic Resources and to the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). Submersible support was provided by the NOAA Undersea Research Program's Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory under award NA05OAR4301108. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 8 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0130285 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0130285 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1EJ UT WOS:000358159700028 PM 26153883 ER PT J AU Lepak, RF Krabbenhoft, DP Ogorek, JM Tate, MT Bootsma, HA Hurley, JP AF Lepak, Ryan F. Krabbenhoft, David P. Ogorek, Jacob M. Tate, Michael T. Bootsma, Harvey A. Hurley, James P. TI Influence of Cladophora-Quagga Mussel Assemblages on Nearshore Methylmercury Production in Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MERCURY METHYLATION; FOOD-WEB; WATER; MICROORGANISMS; DREISSENIDS; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; SUPERIOR; BACTERIA AB Recent spread of invasive mussels in Lake Michigan has altered primary productivity in the nearshore zone, resulting in proliferation of filamentous benthic green algae (Cladophora glomerata). In areas of dense Cladophora and quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) assemblages, as well as in regions where sloughed Cladophora accumulates) methylmercury (MeHg) production is enhanced. A shoreline transect from a river month through waters overlying Cladophora/quagga-rich bones showed that aqueous MeHg concentrations increased, despite river dilution. Cladophora, as primary producers, ranged from 0.6 to 7.5 ng g(-1) MeHg [4-47% of total mercury (Hg) as MeHg], and were higher than MaHg concentrations in offshore-collected seston. Concentrations of MeHg in decaying Cladophora accumulated onshore ranged from 2.6 to 18.0 ng g(-1) MeHg (18-41% as MeHg) and from 0.1 to 3.0 ng g(-1) MeHg (2-21% as MeHg) in deposits of recently sloughed and accumulated Cladophora in a nearshore topographical depression. Relative to offshore open waters, interstitial waters within decaying Cladophora from onshore and nearshore deposits were elevated in MeHg concentration, 1000- and 10-fold, respectively. Percent Hg as MeHg was also elevated (65-75% and 9-19%, respectively for onshore interstitial water and nearshore interstitial water, compared to 0.2-3.3% as MeHg for open water). Quagga mussels collected within growing Cladophora beds in the nearshore zone were significantly higher in MeHg than offshore counterparts. Our combined results suggest that recent changes in nearshore primary production contributes to MeHg production and bioaccumulation in Lake Michigan. C1 [Lepak, Ryan F.; Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.; Ogorek, Jacob M.; Tate, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bootsma, Harvey A.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Aquat Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hurley, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hurley@aqua.wisc.edu FU University of Wisconsin Madison Graduate School; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; USEPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; USGS Mercury Research Lab FX This research was supported by the University of Wisconsin Madison Graduate School and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation to J.P.H, and a grant to the USGS Mercury Research Lab (D.P.K.) from the USEPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Paul Garrison) provided Cladophora survey samples. Collaboration with students and staff of the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee School of Freshwater Science were critical to the field component. Intellectual, field, and instrumental support was provided by the USGS Mercury Research Lab; specifically, J. DeWild improved the research and manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 7606 EP 7613 DI 10.1021/es506253v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300015 PM 26007285 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Stackpoole, SM Verdin, KL Butman, DE Zhu, ZL Krabbenhoft, DP Striegl, RG AF Clow, David W. Stackpoole, Sarah M. Verdin, Kristine L. Butman, David E. Zhu, Zhiliang Krabbenhoft, David P. Striegl, Robert G. TI Organic Carbon Burial in Lakes and Reservoirs of the Conterminous United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NATIONAL-PARKS; SEDIMENT; BUDGET; DEPOSITION; CLIMATE; EVASION; RATES; CYCLE AB Organic carbon (OC) burial in lacustrine sediments represents an important sink in the global carbon cycle; however, large-scale OC burial rates are poorly constrained, primarily because of the sparseness of available data sets. Here we present an analysis of OC burial rates in water bodies of the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) that takes advantage of recently developed national-scale data sets on reservoir sedimentation rates, sediment OC concentrations, lake OC burial rates, and water body distributions. We relate these data to basin characteristics and land use in a geostatistical analysis to develop an empirical model of OC burial in water bodies of the CONUS. Our results indicate that CONUS water bodies sequester 20.8 (95% CI: 9.4-65.8) Tg C yr(-1), and spatial patterns in OC burial are strongly influenced by water body type, size, and abundance; land use; and soil and vegetation characteristics in surrounding areas. Carbon burial is greatest in the central and southeastern regions of the CONUS, where cultivation and an abundance of small water bodies enhance accumulation of sediment and OC in aquatic environments. C1 [Clow, David W.; Verdin, Kristine L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stackpoole, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Butman, David E.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Butman, David E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU USGS LandCarbon Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration Project FX This research was supported by the USGS LandCarbon Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration Project. We thank Alisa Mast and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript, Sebastian Sobek for providing data on burial efficiency and sedimentation rates, and Peter Van Metre and Alisa Mast for providing data on OC burial rates in lakes. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 7614 EP 7622 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00373 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300016 PM 26061185 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Raikow, DF Hammerschmidt, CR Mehling, MG Kovach, A Oris, JT AF Walters, David M. Raikow, David F. Hammerschmidt, Chad R. Mehling, Molly G. Kovach, Amanda Oris, James T. TI Methylmercury Bioaccumulation in Stream Food Webs Declines with Increasing Primary Production SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION; INORGANIC MERCURY; ACCUMULATION; FISH; PERIPHYTON; RIVERS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONTAMINATION AB Opposing hypotheses posit that increasing primary productivity should result in either greater or lesser contaminant accumulation in stream food webs. We conducted an experiment to evaluate primary productivity effects on MeHg accumulation in stream consumers. We varied light for 16 artificial streams creating a productivity gradient (oxygen production =0.048-0.71 mg O-2 L-1 d(-1)) among streams, Two-level food webs were established consisting of phytoplankton/filter feeding clam, periphyton/grazing snail, and leaves/shredding amphipod (Hyalella azteca). Phytoplankton and periphyton biomass, along with MeHg removal from the water column, increased significantly with productivity, but MeHg concentrations in these primary producer declined. Methylmercury concentrations in clams and snails also declined with productivity, and consumer concentrations were strongly correlated with MeHg concentrations in primary producers. Heterotroph biomass on leaves, MeHg in leaves, and MeHg in Hyalella were unrelated to stream productivity. Our results support the hypothesis that contaminant bioaccumulation declines with stream primary production via the mechanism of bloom dilution (MeHg burden per cell decreases in algal blooms), extending patterns of contaminant accumulation documented in lakes to lotic systems. C1 [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Raikow, David F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hammerschmidt, Chad R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Mehling, Molly G.; Kovach, Amanda; Oris, James T.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov FU EPA [EP08D000131] FX This experiment was conducted at Miami University under EPA contract EP08D000131. R. Otter helped design the mesocosm facility and the experiment, K. Bowman, S. Heinig, and R. Weller assisted with MeHg analyses, M. Anacker helped maintain the experiment, T. Schmidt provided statistical support, and J. Wesner provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was subjected to USGS review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 13 BP 7762 EP 7769 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00911 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM6ZN UT WOS:000357840300033 PM 26018982 ER PT J AU Caldas, MM Sanderson, MR Mather, M Daniels, MD Bergtold, JS Aistrup, J Stamm, JLH Haukos, D Douglas-Mankin, K Sheshukov, AY Lopez-Carr, D AF Caldas, Marcellus M. Sanderson, Matthew R. Mather, Martha Daniels, Melinda D. Bergtold, Jason S. Aistrup, Joseph Stamm, Jessica L. Heier Haukos, David Douglas-Mankin, Kyle Sheshukov, Aleksey Y. Lopez-Carr, David TI Opinion: Endogenizing culture in sustainability science research and policy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID COGNITION; MODEL C1 [Caldas, Marcellus M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sanderson, Matthew R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mather, Martha; Haukos, David] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Daniels, Melinda D.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Fluvial Geomorphol, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Bergtold, Jason S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Aistrup, Joseph] Auburn Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Stamm, Jessica L. Heier] Kansas State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, Kyle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Everglades Program Team, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. [Sheshukov, Aleksey Y.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lopez-Carr, David] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Caldas, MM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM caldasma@ksu.edu OI Caldas, Marcellus/0000-0003-3086-7054; Heier Stamm, Jessica L./0000-0002-5310-3543 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 27 BP 8157 EP 8159 DI 10.1073/pnas.1510010112 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CM2QU UT WOS:000357527600027 PM 26153402 ER PT J AU Peterson, SH Ackerman, JT Costa, DP AF Peterson, Sarah H. Ackerman, Joshua T. Costa, Daniel P. TI Marine foraging ecology influences mercury bioaccumulation in deep-diving northern elephant seals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mesopelagic predator; spatial ecotoxicology; marine mammal; pinniped; biogeochemistry; methylmercury ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; PHOCA-VITULINA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; METHYLMERCURY; CALIFORNIA; MAMMALS; PREDATOR; CARBON; ECOGEOCHEMISTRY; CONSERVATION AB Mercury contamination of oceans is prevalent worldwide and methylmercury concentrations in the mesopelagic zone 200-1000 m) are increasing more rapidly than in surface waters. Yet mercury bioaccumulation in mesopelagic predators has been understudied. Northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris) biannually travel thousands of kilometres to forage within coastal and open-ocean regions of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We coupled satellite telemetry, diving behaviour and stable isotopes carbon and nitrogen) from 77 adult females, and showed that variability among individuals in foraging location, diving depth and delta C-13 values were correlated with mercury concentrations in blood and muscle. We identified three clusters of foraging strategies, and these resulted in substantially different mercury concentrations: i) deeper-diving and offshore-foraging seals had the greatest mercury concentrations, ii) shallower-diving and offshore-foraging seals had intermediate levels, and iii) coastal and more northerly foraging seals had the lowest mercury concentrations. Additionally, mercury concentrations were lower at the end of the seven-month-long foraging trip n = 31) than after the two-month-long post-breeding trip n = 46). Our results indicate that foraging behaviour influences mercury exposure and mesopelagic predators foraging in the northeast Pacific Ocean may be at high risk for mercury bioaccumulation. C1 [Peterson, Sarah H.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Peterson, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sarahpeterson23@gmail.com OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU Friends of Long Marine Lab; Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic Trust; University of California NRS Mildred Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant Program; Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals; ARCS Foundation Northern California Chapter; US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-13-1-0134, N00014-10-1-0356] FX Research and logistic support was provided by funds to S.H.P. from the Friends of Long Marine Lab, the Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic Trust, the University of California NRS Mildred Mathias Graduate Student Research Grant Program, the Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals, and the ARCS Foundation Northern California Chapter, the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area to J.T.A, and grant nos N00014-13-1-0134 and N00014-10-1-0356 to D.P.C. from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The use of trade, product or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2015 VL 282 IS 1810 AR 20150710 DI 10.1098/rspb.2015.0710 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CM5HY UT WOS:000357719500020 ER PT J AU George, SD Baldigo, BP AF George, Scott Daniel Baldigo, Barry Paul TI Didymosphenia geminata in the Upper Esopus Creek: Current Status, Variability, and Controlling Factors SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER DIATOM; NEW-ZEALAND; COMMUNITIES; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; CHALLENGES; MANAGEMENT; INVASION; STALKS; RIVERS AB In May of 2009, the bloom-forming diatom Didymosphenia geminata was first identified in the Upper Esopus Creek, a key tributary to the New York City water-supply and a popular recreational stream. The Upper Esopus receives supplemental flows from the Shandaken Portal, an underground aqueduct delivering waters from a nearby basin. The presence of D. geminata is a concern for the local economy, water supply, and aquatic ecosystem because nuisance blooms have been linked to degraded stream condition in other regions. Here we ascertain the extent and severity of the D. geminata invasion, determine the impact of supplemental flows from the Portal on D. geminata, and identify potential factors that may limit D. geminata in the watershed. Stream temperature, discharge, and water quality were characterized at select sites and periphyton samples were collected five times at 6 to 20 study sites between 2009 and 2010 to assess standing crop, diatom community structure, and density of D. geminata and all diatoms. Density of D. geminata ranged from 0-12 cells cm(-2)at tributary sites, 0-781 cells cm(-2) at sites upstream of the Portal, and 0-2,574 cells cm(-2) at sites downstream of the Portal. Survey period and Portal (upstream or downstream) each significantly affected D. geminata cell density. In general, D. geminata was most abundant during the November 2009 and June 2010 surveys and at sites immediately downstream of the Portal. We found that D. geminata did not reach nuisance levels or strongly affect the periphyton community. Similarly, companion studies showed that local macroinvertebrate and fish communities were generally unaffected. A number of abiotic factors including variable flows and moderate levels of phosphorous and suspended sediment may limit blooms of D. geminata in this watershed. C1 [George, Scott Daniel; Baldigo, Barry Paul] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP George, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM sgeorge@usgs.gov FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; U.S. Geological Survey [06E4NY24570025] FX This research was funded by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (http://www.dec.ny.gov/) and U.S. Geological Survey (http://www.usgs.gov/) under agreement number 06E4NY24570025. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 6 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0130558 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0130558 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1DQ UT WOS:000358157600040 PM 26148184 ER PT J AU Hinton, JW van Manen, FT Chamberlain, MJ AF Hinton, Joseph W. van Manen, Frank T. Chamberlain, Michael J. TI Space Use and Habitat Selection by Resident and Transient Coyotes (Canis latrans) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; HOME-RANGE USE; RED WOLF; BODY-SIZE; SURGICAL STERILIZATION; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; NATIONAL-PARK; SPATIAL-USE; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE AB Little information exists on coyote (Canis latrans) space use and habitat selection in the southeastern United States and most studies conducted in the Southeast have been carried out within small study areas (e.g., <= 1,000 km(2)). Therefore, studying the placement, size, and habitat composition of coyote home ranges over broad geographic areas could provide relevant insights regarding how coyote populations adjust to regionally varying ecological conditions. Despite an increasing number of studies of coyote ecology, few studies have assessed the role of transiency as a life-history strategy among coyotes. During 2009-2011, we used GPS radio-telemetry to study coyote space use and habitat selection on the Albemarle Peninsula of northeastern North Carolina. We quantified space use and 2nd- and 3rd-order habitat selection for resident and transient coyotes to describe space use patterns in a predominantly agricultural landscape. The upper limit of coyote home-range size was approximately 47 km(2) and coyotes exhibiting shifting patterns of space use of areas >65 km(2) were transients. Transients exhibited localized space use patterns for short durations prior to establishing home ranges, which we defined as "biding" areas. Resident and transient coyotes demonstrated similar habitat selection, notably selection of agricultural over forested habitats. However, transients exhibited stronger selection for roads than resident coyotes. Although transient coyotes are less likely to contribute reproductively to their population, transiency may be an important life history trait that facilitates metapopulation dynamics through dispersal and the eventual replacement of breeding residents lost to mortality. C1 [Hinton, Joseph W.; Chamberlain, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Hinton, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhinton@uga.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Red Wolf Recovery Program FX We particularly appreciate the support of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Red Wolf Recovery Program, specifically R. Bartel, A. Beyer, C. Lucash, F. Mauney, M. Morse, R. Nordsven, and D. Rabon. We thank Weyerhaeuser Company for providing access to their properties. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or Weyerhaeuser Company. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank E. Beever for review of this manuscript for the U.S. Geological Survey's Fundamental Science Practices. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 6 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0132203 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0132203 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1DQ UT WOS:000358157600218 PM 26148130 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA AF Bonar, Scott A. TI Point-Counterpoint: Be Flexible in the Number of Talks per Speaker at Meetings! SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM SBonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL 3 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 7 BP 295 EP 295 DI 10.1080/03632415.2015.1051416 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CL7YX UT WOS:000357190100001 ER PT J AU New, L Bjerre, E Millsap, B Otto, MC Runge, MC AF New, Leslie Bjerre, Emily Millsap, Brian Otto, Mark C. Runge, Michael C. TI A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BIRD MORTALITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; RENEWABLE ENERGY; AVOIDANCE RATES; TURBINES; FARMS; SCOTLAND; IMPACTS; PSEUDOREPLICATION AB Wind power is a major candidate in the search for clean, renewable energy. Beyond the technical and economic challenges of wind energy development are environmental issues that may restrict its growth. Avian fatalities due to collisions with rotating turbine blades are a leading concern and there is considerable uncertainty surrounding avian collision risk at wind facilities. This uncertainty is not reflected in many models currently used to predict the avian fatalities that would result from proposed wind developments. We introduce a method to predict fatalities at wind facilities, based on pre-construction monitoring. Our method can directly incorporate uncertainty into the estimates of avian fatalities and can be updated if information on the true number of fatalities becomes available from post-construction carcass monitoring. Our model considers only three parameters: hazardous footprint, bird exposure to turbines and collision probability. By using a Bayesian analytical framework we account for uncertainties in these values, which are then reflected in our predictions and can be reduced through subsequent data collection. The simplicity of our approach makes it accessible to ecologists concerned with the impact of wind development, as well as to managers, policy makers and industry interested in its implementation in real-world decision contexts. We demonstrate the utility of our method by predicting golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) fatalities at a wind installation in the United States. Using pre-construction data, we predicted 7.48 eagle fatalities year(-1) (95% CI: (1.1, 19.81)). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses the 80th quantile (11.0 eagle fatalities year-1) in their permitting process to ensure there is only a 20% chance a wind facility exceeds the authorized fatalities. Once data were available from two-years of post-construction monitoring, we updated the fatality estimate to 4.8 eagle fatalities year(-1) (95% CI: (1.76, 9.4); 80th quantile, 6.3). In this case, the increased precision in the fatality prediction lowered the level of authorized take, and thus lowered the required amount of compensatory mitigation. C1 [New, Leslie; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [New, Leslie] Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Bjerre, Emily; Otto, Mark C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Millsap, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP New, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM leslie.new@wsu.edu NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 71 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0130978 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0130978 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1CS UT WOS:000358154400031 PM 26134412 ER PT J AU Soranno, PA Bissell, EG Cheruvelil, KS Christel, ST Collins, SM Fergus, CE Filstrup, CT Lapierre, JF Lottig, NR Oliver, SK Scott, CE Smith, NJ Stopyak, S Yuan, S Bremigan, MT Downing, JA Gries, C Henry, EN Skaff, NK Stanley, EH Stow, CA Tan, PN Wagner, T Webster, KE AF Soranno, Patricia A. Bissell, Edward G. Cheruvelil, Kendra S. Christel, Samuel T. Collins, Sarah M. Fergus, C. Emi Filstrup, Christopher T. Lapierre, Jean-Francois Lottig, Noah R. Oliver, Samantha K. Scott, Caren E. Smith, Nicole J. Stopyak, Scott Yuan, Shuai Bremigan, Mary Tate Downing, John A. Gries, Corinna Henry, Emily N. Skaff, Nick K. Stanley, Emily H. Stow, Craig A. Tan, Pang-Ning Wagner, Tyler Webster, Katherine E. TI Building a multi-scaled geospatial temporal ecology database from disparate data sources: fostering open science and data reuse SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Review DE LAGOS; Integrated database; Data harmonization; Database documentation; Data reuse; Data sharing; Ecoinformatics; Macrosystems ecology; Landscape limnology; Water quality ID MACROSYSTEMS ECOLOGY; BIG DATA; LIMNOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; WATERS; LAKES AB Although there are considerable site-based data for individual or groups of ecosystems, these datasets are widely scattered, have different data formats and conventions, and often have limited accessibility. At the broader scale, national datasets exist for a large number of geospatial features of land, water, and air that are needed to fully understand variation among these ecosystems. However, such datasets originate from different sources and have different spatial and temporal resolutions. By taking an open-science perspective and by combining site-based ecosystem datasets and national geospatial datasets, science gains the ability to ask important research questions related to grand environmental challenges that operate at broad scales. Documentation of such complicated database integration efforts, through peer-reviewed papers, is recommended to foster reproducibility and future use of the integrated database. Here, we describe the major steps, challenges, and considerations in building an integrated database of lake ecosystems, called LAGOS (LAke multi-scaled GeOSpatial and temporal database), that was developed at the sub-continental study extent of 17 US states (1,800,000 km(2)). LAGOS includes two modules: LAGOSGEO, with geospatial data on every lake with surface area larger than 4 ha in the study extent (similar to 50,000 lakes), including climate, atmospheric deposition, land use/cover, hydrology, geology, and topography measured across a range of spatial and temporal extents; and LAGOSLIMNO, with lake water quality data compiled from similar to 100 individual datasets for a subset of lakes in the study extent (similar to 10,000 lakes). Procedures for the integration of datasets included: creating a flexible database design; authoring and integrating metadata; documenting data provenance; quantifying spatial measures of geographic data; quality-controlling integrated and derived data; and extensively documenting the database. Our procedures make a large, complex, and integrated database reproducible and extensible, allowing users to ask new research questions with the existing database or through the addition of new data. The largest challenge of this task was the heterogeneity of the data, formats, and metadata. Many steps of data integration need manual input from experts in diverse fields, requiring close collaboration. C1 [Soranno, Patricia A.; Bissell, Edward G.; Cheruvelil, Kendra S.; Collins, Sarah M.; Fergus, C. Emi; Lapierre, Jean-Francois; Scott, Caren E.; Smith, Nicole J.; Stopyak, Scott; Bremigan, Mary Tate; Skaff, Nick K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Christel, Samuel T.; Oliver, Samantha K.; Gries, Corinna; Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Filstrup, Christopher T.; Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA. [Henry, Emily N.] Oregon State Univ, Tillamook, OR 97141 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA Great Lakes Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Tan, Pang-Ning] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yuan, Shuai; Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Soranno, PA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM soranno@anr.msu.edu OI Lapierre, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-5862-7955; Gries, Corinna/0000-0002-9091-6543; Oliver, Samantha/0000-0001-5668-1165; Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121; Collins, Sarah/0000-0001-5503-7386; Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 FU National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate [EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [176820]; STRIVE Programme from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland [2011-W-FS-7] FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate (EF-1065786 to MSU, EF-1065649 to ISU, and EF-1065818 to UW) and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 176820. KEW also thanks the STRIVE Programme (2011-W-FS-7) from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland, for support. We thank the numerous federal and state agency professionals, tribal agency personnel, non-profit agency personnel, and university principal investigators for providing both public and personal datasets to the LAGOSLIMNO database (listed in Additional file 17). We also thank the national lake survey programs, NSF Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) programs, and citizen monitoring programs that provided data to LAGOS. This is Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution number 1371. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 42 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND EI 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 4 AR 28 DI 10.1186/s13742-015-0067-4 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX4JI UT WOS:000365665700001 PM 26140212 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Shippingport, Kentucky, is the type locality for the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Muroidea; Neotominae; systematics; taxonomy AB The white-footed mouse, Musculus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818 (= Peromyscus leucopus), is a common small mammal that is widespread in the eastern and central United States. Its abundance in many habitats renders it ecologically important, and its status as a reservoir for hantavirus and Lyme disease gives the species medical and economic significance. The recognition of two cytotypes and up to 17 morphological subspecies of P. leucopus indicates considerable variation in the species, and to understand this variation, it is important that the nominate subspecies be adequately defined so as to act as a standard for comparison. Relevant to this standard for the white-footed mouse is its type locality, which has generally been accepted to be either the vague "pine barrens of Kentucky'' or the mouth of the Ohio River. Newly assembled information regarding the life and travels of Constantine S. Rafinesque, the North American naturalist who described P. leucopus, establishes that Rafinesque observed this species in July 1818 while visiting Shippingport, Kentucky, which is now within the city limits of Louisville, Jefferson Co., Kentucky. Shippingport is therefore the actual type locality for this species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 128 IS 2 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.2988/0006-324X-128.2.152 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CS8VL UT WOS:000362367500003 ER PT J AU Jones, LJ Ostoja, SM Brooks, ML Hutten, M AF Jones, Laura J. Ostoja, Steven M. Brooks, Matthew L. Hutten, Martin TI Short-term Response of Holcus lanatus L. (Common Velvetgrass) to Chemical and Manual Control at Yosemite National Park, USA SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hand pulling; invasive species; Sierra Nevada; meadow; Yosemite National Park ID SUCCESSIONAL GRASSLAND; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; CALIFORNIA; HERBICIDE; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT AB One of the highest priority invasive species at both Yosemite and Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks is Holcus lanatus L. (common velvetgrass), a perennial bunchgrass that invades mid-elevation montane meadows. Despite velvetgrass being a high priority species, there is little information available on control techniques. The goal of this project was to evaluate the short-term response of a single application of common chemical and manual velvetgrass control techniques. The study was conducted at three montane sites in Yosemite National Park. Glyphosate spot-spray treatments were applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% concentrations, and compared with hand pulling to evaluate effects on cover of common velvetgrass, cover of other plant species, and community species richness. Posttreatment year 1 cover of common velvetgrass was 12.1% +/- 1.6 in control plots, 6.3% +/- 1.5 averaged over the four chemical treatments (all chemical treatments performed similarly), and 13.6% +/- 1.7 for handpulled plots. This represents an approximately 50% reduction in common velvetgrass cover in chemically-treated plots recoded posttreatment year 1 and no statistically significant reduction in hand pulled plots compared with controls. However, there was no treatment effect in posttreatment year 2, and all herbicide application rates performed similarly. In addition, there were no significant treatment effects on nontarget species or species richness. These results suggest that for this level of infestation and habitat type, (1) one year of hand pulling is not an effective control method and (2) glyphosate provides some level of control in the short-term without impact to nontarget plant species, but the effect is temporary as a single year of glyphosate treatment is ineffective over a two-year period. C1 [Jones, Laura J.] Natl Pk Serv, Div Resources Management & Sci, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Natl Forest, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Hutten, Martin] US Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Wrangell, AK 99929 USA. RP Ostoja, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sierra Natl Forest, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. EM stevenmostoja@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Geological Survey Park Oriented Biological Support program; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Management Program FX Susan Jones, Athena Demetry, Robin White and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Park Oriented Biological Support program and the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Management Program. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00060.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CS5PC UT WOS:000362129200002 ER PT J AU Weber, JS Goyne, KW Luxton, TP Thompson, AL AF Weber, John S. Goyne, Keith W. Luxton, Todd P. Thompson, Allen L. TI Phosphate Treatment of Lead-Contaminated Soil: Effects on Water Quality, Plant Uptake, and Lead Speciation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HEAVY-METAL STABILIZATION; IN-VITRO; SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; QUANTITATIVE SPECIATION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; IMMOBILIZE LEAD; AMENDED SOILS AB Water quality threats associated with using phosphate-based amendments to remediate Pb-contaminated soils are a concern, particularly in riparian areas. This study investigated the effects of P application rates to a Pb-contaminated alluvial soil on Pb and P loss via surface water runoff, Pb accumulation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb; Kentucky 31), and Pb speciation. An alluvial soil was treated with triple superphosphate at P to Pb molar ratios of 0:1 (control), 4:1, 8:1, and 16:1. After a 6-mo reaction period, rainfall simulation (RFS) studies were conducted, followed by tall fescue establishment and a second set of RFS studies (1 yr after treatment). Results from the first RFS study (unvegetated) demonstrated that the total Pb and P concentrations in the effluents of 8:1 and 16:1 (P: Pb molar ratio) treatment levels were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the control. One year after P treatment and 6 mo after vegetation establishment, total P and Pb concentrations of the effluents from a second RFS decreased by one to three orders of magnitude. Total and dissolved P concentration in runoff from the 16:1 P:Pb treatment remained significantly greater than all other treatments. However, total Pb concentration in the runoff was comparable among the treatments. Phosphorus treatment also reduced Pb uptake into tall fescue by > 55%. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy data showed that pyromorphite [Pb-5(PO4)(3) OH, Cl, F] abundance ranged from 0% (control) to 32% (16:1 P:Pb; 1 yr after treatment) of the total soil Pb. Although P treatment stimulated pyromorphite formation, pyromorphite abundance was comparable between the P-treated soils. These findings suggest that a 4:1 (P:Pb molar ratio) P treatment may be a sufficient means of reducing Pb bioavailability while minimizing concerns related to P loss in an alluvial setting. C1 [Weber, John S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, MO Field Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Weber, John S.; Goyne, Keith W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Luxton, Todd P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Thompson, Allen L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Bioengn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Weber, JS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, MO Field Off, 101 Pk DeVille Dr,Suite A, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM John_S_Weber@fws.gov FU Missouri Trustee Council for Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration; Byron Barnes Endowment to the University of Missouri's Department of Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences; USDA NIFA Hatch Formula Funding FX The authors thank Dr. Kirk Scheckel of the USEPA and the employees of Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory for their assistance. This work was partially funded by the Missouri Trustee Council for Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration, the Byron Barnes Endowment to the University of Missouri's Department of Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, and USDA NIFA Hatch Formula Funding provided to the University of Missouri. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the State of Missouri, the USEPA, or the funding agencies/sources. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1136 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.10.0447 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ8JC UT WOS:000360852600011 PM 26437094 ER PT J AU Anthony, SJ Leger, JAS Liang, E Hicks, AL Sanchez-Leon, MD Jain, K Lefkowitch, JH Navarrete-Macias, I Knowles, N Goldstein, T Pugliares, K Ip, HS Rowles, T Lipkin, WI AF Anthony, S. J. Leger, J. A. St. Liang, E. Hicks, A. L. Sanchez-Leon, M. D. Jain, K. Lefkowitch, J. H. Navarrete-Macias, I. Knowles, N. Goldstein, T. Pugliares, K. Ip, H. S. Rowles, T. Lipkin, W. I. TI Discovery of a Novel Hepatovirus (Phopivirus of Seals) Related to Human Hepatitis A Virus SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID 5 NONTRANSLATED REGION; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; IN-VITRO; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; HAV; RNA AB Describing the viral diversity of wildlife can provide interesting and useful insights into the natural history of established human pathogens. In this study, we describe a previously unknown picornavirus in harbor seals (tentatively named phopivirus) that is related to human hepatitis A virus (HAV). We show that phopivirus shares several genetic and phenotypic characteristics with HAV, including phylogenetic relatedness across the genome, a specific and seemingly quiescent tropism for hepatocytes, structural conservation in a key functional region of the type III internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), and a codon usage bias consistent with that of HAV. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an important viral hepatitis in humans because of the substantial number of cases each year in regions with low socioeconomic status. The origin of HAV is unknown, and no nonprimate HAV-like viruses have been described. Here, we describe the discovery of an HAV-like virus in seals. This finding suggests that the diversity and evolutionary history of these viruses might be far greater than previously thought and may provide insight into the origin and pathogenicity of HAV. C1 [Anthony, S. J.; Liang, E.; Hicks, A. L.; Sanchez-Leon, M. D.; Jain, K.; Navarrete-Macias, I.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Liang, E.] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Leger, J. A. St.] SeaWorld Parks, Dept Pathol & Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Lefkowitch, J. H.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol & Cell Biol, New York, NY USA. [Knowles, N.] Pirbright Inst, Pirbright, Surrey, England. [Goldstein, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goldstein, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pugliares, K.] New England Aquarium, Marine Anim Rescue & Rehabil Dept, Boston, MA USA. [Ip, H. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Rowles, T.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Anthony, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sja2127@cumc.columbia.edu RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014 FU NIH/NIAID Centers for Research in Diagnostics and Discovery [U19AI109761]; NOAA's John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant [NA07NMF4390220]; NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program Unusual Mortality Event Contingency Fund; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council under The Pirbright Institute Livestock Viral Diseases Programme FX This study was funded by NIH/NIAID Centers for Research in Diagnostics and Discovery (grant U19AI109761 to W.I.L.). Sample collection was partially funded by NOAA's John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program award no. NA07NMF4390220 and NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program Unusual Mortality Event Contingency Fund. N.K. was supported by core funding provided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council under The Pirbright Institute Livestock Viral Diseases Programme. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 AR e01180-15 DI 10.1128/mBio.01180-15 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CQ8EN UT WOS:000360839400056 ER PT J AU Scyphers, SB Powers, SP Akins, JL Drymon, JM Martin, CW Schobernd, ZH Schofield, PJ Shipp, RL Switzer, TS AF Scyphers, Steven B. Powers, Sean P. Akins, J. Lad Drymon, J. Marcus Martin, Charles W. Schobernd, Zeb H. Schofield, Pamela J. Shipp, Robert L. Switzer, Theodore S. TI The Role of Citizens in Detecting and Responding to a Rapid Marine Invasion SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Citizen science; conservation planning; participatory management; Pterois volitans; social-ecological systems ID LIONFISHES PTEROIS-VOLITANS; INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; SPECIES INVASIONS; ATLANTIC; SCIENCE; FISHERMEN; INSIGHTS; BAHAMAS; SYSTEMS; FUTURE AB Documenting and responding to species invasions requires innovative strategies that account for ecological and societal complexities. We used the recent expansion of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) throughout northern Gulf of Mexico coastal waters to evaluate the role of stakeholders in documenting and responding to a rapid marine invasion. We coupled an online survey of spearfishers and citizen science monitoring programs with traditional fishery-independent data sources and found that citizen observations documented lionfish 1-2 years earlier and more frequently than traditional reef fish monitoring programs. Citizen observations first documented lionfish in 2010 followed by rapid expansion and proliferation in 2011 (+367%). From the survey of spearfishers, we determined that diving experience and personal observations of lionfish strongly influenced perceived impacts, and these perceptions were powerful predictors of support for initiatives. Our study demonstrates the value of engaging citizens for assessing and responding to large-scale and time-sensitive conservation problems. C1 [Scyphers, Steven B.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Powers, Sean P.; Drymon, J. Marcus] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Powers, Sean P.; Drymon, J. Marcus] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Akins, J. Lad] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Martin, Charles W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Schobernd, Zeb H.] NOAA Fisheries, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Shipp, Robert L.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Switzer, Theodore S.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Scyphers, SB (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM s.scyphers@neu.edu OI Martin, Charles/0000-0001-9240-3824 FU NOAA Fisheries; USGS Invasive Species Program; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Marine Resources Division; Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; National Science Foundation [OCE-1215825] FX We appreciate J Fodrie, R McMichael, T Kellison, W Helt, P Levin, M Ruckelshaus, A Knight and reviewers for comments that improved our manuscript. This work was supported in part by NOAA Fisheries, USGS Invasive Species Program, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, and the National Science Foundation (OCE-1215825). We thank B Noble, C Gledhill, J Rester, L Kirk, and the Fisheries Ecology Lab for assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 16 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1111/conl.12127 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CQ2SM UT WOS:000360451400003 ER PT J AU Nakahara, H Haney, MM AF Nakahara, Hisashi Haney, Matthew M. TI Point spread functions for earthquake source imaging: an interpretation based on seismic interferometry SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Image processing; Interferometry; Earthquake source observations; Theoretical seismology ID TIME-REVERSAL; GREENS-FUNCTION; MULTIDIMENSIONAL DECONVOLUTION; INVERSION; RETRIEVAL; MIGRATION; ACOUSTICS; FIELDS; NOISE AB Recently, various methods have been proposed and applied for earthquake source imaging, and theoretical relationships among the methods have been studied. In this study, we make a follow-up theoretical study to better understand the meanings of earthquake source imaging. For imaging problems, the point spread function (PSF) is used to describe the degree of blurring and degradation in an obtained image of a target object as a response of an imaging system. In this study, we formulate PSFs for earthquake source imaging. By calculating the PSFs, we find that waveform source inversion methods remove the effect of the PSF and are free from artefacts. However, the other source imaging methods are affected by the PSF and suffer from the effect of blurring and degradation due to the restricted distribution of receivers. Consequently, careful treatment of the effect is necessary when using the source imaging methods other than waveform inversions. Moreover, the PSF for source imaging is found to have a link with seismic interferometry with the help of the source-receiver reciprocity of Green's functions. In particular, the PSF can be related to Green's function for cases in which receivers are distributed so as to completely surround the sources. Furthermore, the PSF acts as a low-pass filter. Given these considerations, the PSF is quite useful for understanding the physical meaning of earthquake source imaging. C1 [Nakahara, Hisashi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Nakahara, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM naka@zisin.gp.tohoku.ac.jp FU Earthquake Research Institute cooperative research program; JSPS KAKENHI [24540449] FX Comments from the editor, Dr F. Krueger, and two anonymous reviewers were very helpful to improve the quality of this manuscript. This study was partially supported by the Earthquake Research Institute cooperative research program and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24540449. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 202 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv109 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DL UT WOS:000360623400004 ER PT J AU Mikesell, TD Malcolm, AE Yang, D Haney, MM AF Mikesell, T. Dylan Malcolm, Alison E. Yang, Di Haney, Matthew M. TI A comparison of methods to estimate seismic phase delays: numerical examples for coda wave interferometry SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time-series analysis; Interferometry; Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification; Coda waves ID SCATTERED ACOUSTIC-WAVES; TRAVEL-TIME CHANGE; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; VELOCITY CHANGES; NOISE; EARTHQUAKE; DOUBLETS; MEDIA; FAULT; CRUST AB Time-shift estimation between arrivals in two seismic traces before and after a velocity perturbation is a crucial step in many seismic methods. The accuracy of the estimated velocity perturbation location and amplitude depend on this time shift. Windowed cross-correlation and trace stretching are two techniques commonly used to estimate local time shifts in seismic signals. In the work presented here we implement Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to estimate the warping function - a vector of local time shifts that globally minimizes the misfit between two seismic traces. We compare all three methods using acoustic numerical experiments. We show that DTW is comparable to or better than the other two methods when the velocity perturbation is homogeneous and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. When the signal-to-noise ratio is low, we find that DTW and windowed cross-correlation are more accurate than the stretching method. Finally, we show that the DTW algorithm has good time resolution when identifying small differences in the seismic traces for a model with an isolated velocity perturbation. These results impact current methods that utilize not only time shifts between (multiply) scattered waves, but also amplitude and decoherence measurements. C1 [Mikesell, T. Dylan; Malcolm, Alison E.; Yang, Di] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Malcolm, Alison E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, St John, NF, Canada. [Yang, Di] Exxon Mobil, Houston, TX USA. [Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Mikesell, TD (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mikesell@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [1144883] FX We are grateful to Oleg Poliannikov for providing his code to generate the random velocity model, as well as the developers of Seismic Unix, which we use for the finite difference modelling in this work. We would like to thank Berenice Froment for an example of the stretching method algorithm and Kasper van Wijk and Guust Nolet for fruitful discussions regarding changes in coda waves. TDM acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1144883. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 202 IS 1 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv138 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DL UT WOS:000360623400022 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA Eaton, MJ Williams, JH Jensen, GH Madsen, J AF Johnson, Fred A. Eaton, Mitchell J. Williams, James H. Jensen, Gitte H. Madsen, Jesper TI Training Conservation Practitioners to be Better Decision Makers SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE conservation; curriculum; ecology; education; decision analysis; decision making; decision science; natural resource management; sociology; training; uncertainty; values ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; OPTIMAL FIRE MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE-MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SCALE MISMATCHES; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL AB Traditional conservation curricula and training typically emphasizes only one part of systematic decision making (i.e., the science), at the expense of preparing conservation practitioners with critical skills in values-setting, working with decision makers and stakeholders, and effective problem framing. In this article we describe how the application of decision science is relevant to conservation problems and suggest how current and future conservation practitioners can be trained to be better decision makers. Though decision-analytic approaches vary considerably, they all involve: (1) properly formulating the decision problem; (2) specifying feasible alternative actions; and (3) selecting criteria for evaluating potential outcomes. Two approaches are available for providing training in decision science, with each serving different needs. Formal education is useful for providing simple, well-defined problems that allow demonstrations of the structure, axioms and general characteristics of a decision-analytic approach. In contrast, practical training can offer complex, realistic decision problems requiring more careful structuring and analysis than those used for formal training purposes. Ultimately, the kinds and degree of training necessary depend on the role conservation practitioners play in a decision-making process. Those attempting to facilitate decision-making processes will need advanced training in both technical aspects of decision science and in facilitation techniques, as well as opportunities to apprentice under decision analysts/consultants. Our primary goal should be an attempt to ingrain a discipline for applying clarity of thought to all decisions. C1 [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Eaton, Mitchell J.] NC State Univ, US Geol Survey, Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, David Clark Labs 127H, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Williams, James H.; Jensen, Gitte H.; Madsen, Jesper] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM fjohnson@usgs.gov; meaton@usgs.gov; jhw@bios.au.dk; ghj@bios.au.dk; jm@bios.au.dk FU Aarhus University, Denmark; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by Aarhus University, Denmark, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Klaus Hacklander and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD JUL PY 2015 VL 7 IS 7 BP 8354 EP 8373 DI 10.3390/su7078354 PG 20 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ1JU UT WOS:000360354500016 ER PT J AU Washburn, KE Birdwell, JE Foster, M Gutierrez, F AF Washburn, Kathryn E. Birdwell, Justin E. Foster, Michael Gutierrez, Fernando TI Detailed Description of Oil Shale Organic and Mineralogical Heterogeneity via Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference Biogas Science CY 2014 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID ATR-FTIR; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Mineralogical and geochemical information on reservoir and source rocks is necessary to assess and produce from petroleum systems. The standard methods in the petroleum industry for obtaining these properties are bulk measurements on homogenized, generally crushed, and pulverized rock samples and can take from hours to days to perform. New methods using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been developed to more rapidly obtain information on mineralogy and geochemistry. However, these methods are also typically performed on bulk, homogenized samples. We present a new approach to rock sample characterization incorporating multivariate analysis and FTIR microscopy to provide non-destructive, spatially resolved mineralogy and geochemistry on whole rock samples. We are able to predict bulk mineralogy and organic carbon content within the same margin of error as standard characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Validation of the method was performed using two oil shale samples from the Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin with differing sedimentary structures. One sample represents laminated Green River oil shales, and the other is representative of oil shale breccia. The FTIR microscopy results on the oil shales agree with XRD and LECO TOC data from the homogenized samples but also give additional detail regarding sample heterogeneity by providing information on the distribution of mineral phases and organic content. While measurements for this study were performed on oil shales, the method could also be applied to other geological samples, such as other mudrocks, complex carbonates, and soils. C1 [Washburn, Kathryn E.; Foster, Michael; Gutierrez, Fernando] Ingrain Inc, Houston, TX 77027 USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Washburn, KE (reprint author), Ingrain Inc, 3733 Westheimer Rd, Houston, TX 77027 USA. EM washburn@ingrainrocks.com OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 4264 EP 4271 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00807 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VS UT WOS:000360026900028 ER PT J AU Tesauro, M Kaban, MK Mooney, WD AF Tesauro, Magdala Kaban, Mikhail K. Mooney, Walter D. TI Variations of the lithospheric strength and elastic thickness in North America SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE North American lithosphere; strength; elastic thickness; intraplate earthquakes ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN CORDILLERA; STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; UPPER-MANTLE; T-E; EUROPEAN LITHOSPHERE; EARTHQUAKE CATALOG; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; RHEOLOGICAL MODEL; COLORADO PLATEAU AB We evaluate the effect of temperature variations on strength and effective elastic thickness (T-e) of the lithosphere of the North American (NA) continent. To this purpose, we use two thermal models that are corrected for compositional variations and anelasticity effects in the upper mantle. These thermal models are obtained from a joint inversion of gravity data and two recent seismic tomography models (NA07 and SL2013sv). The crustal rheology was defined using NACr14, the most recent NA crustal model. This model specifies seismic velocities and thickness for a three-layer model of the crystalline crust. Strength in the lithosphere and in the crust has similar distributions, indicating that local geotherms play a dominant role in determining strength rather than crustal composition. A pronounced contrast is present in strength between cratonic and off-cratonic regions. Lithospheric strength in the off-cratonic regions is prevalently localized within the crust and T-e shows low values (<20 km), while the inner part of the cratons is characterized by a strong lithosphere with large T-e (>150 km). In contrast to previous results, our models indicate that Phanerozoic regions located close to the edge of the cratons, as the Appalachians, are characterized by low strength. We also find that locally weak zones exist within the cratons (e.g., beneath the intracratonic Illinois Basin and Midcontinent rift). Seismic tomography models NA07 and SL2013sv differ mainly in some peripheral parts of the cratons, as the Proterozoic Canadian Platform, the Grenville, and the western part of the Yavapai-Mazatzal province, where the integrated strength for the model NA07 is 10 times larger than in model SL2013sv due to a temperature difference (>200 degrees C) in the uppermost mantle. The differences in T-e between the two models are less pronounced. In both models, Proterozoic regions reactivated by Meso-Cenozoic tectonics (e.g., Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi Embayment) are characterized by a weak lithosphere due to the absence of the mechanically strong part of the mantle lithospheric layer. Intraplate earthquakes are distributed along the edges of the cratons, demonstrating that tectonic stress accumulates there, while the cores of the cratons remain undeformed. In both models, intraplate earthquakes occur in weak lithosphere (approximate to 0.5 x 10(13) Pa s, T-e approximate to 15 km) or near the edges of strong cratonic blocks, characterized by pronounced contrasts of strength and T-e. C1 [Tesauro, Magdala] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Tesauro, Magdala; Kaban, Mikhail K.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tesauro, M (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM M.Tesauro@uu.nl FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam; USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth (ISES) FX This study was funded by an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral fellowship (M.T.), GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth (ISES). The data used in this paper are available upon request to the corresponding author. We would like to thank S. Cloetingh for useful discussion, an anonymous reviewer and W. Lewandovski for constructing reviews of an early version of this manuscript. NR 99 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 16 IS 7 BP 2197 EP 2220 DI 10.1002/2015GC005937 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP9WX UT WOS:000360247200010 ER PT J AU Todd, E Stracke, A Scherer, EE AF Todd, Erin Stracke, Andreas Scherer, Erik E. TI Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE MC-ICPMS; USGS reference material; Pb isotopes; acid leaching; reproducibility ID MC-ICP-MS; PB-207-PB-204 DOUBLE SPIKE; MASS BIAS; MANTLE; LEAD; ND; STANDARDS; ISLAND; HETEROGENEITIES; SYSTEMATICS AB We present new results of simple acid leaching experiments on the Pb isotope composition of USGS standard reference material powders and on ocean island basalt whole rock splits and powders. Rock samples were leached with cold 6 N HCl in an ultrasonic bath, then on a hot plate, and washed with ultrapure H2O before sample digestion in HF-HNO3 and chromatographic purification of Pb. Lead isotope analyses were measured by Tl-doped MC-ICPMS. Intrasession and intersession analytical reproducibilities of repeated analyses of both synthetic Pb solutions and Pb from single digests of chemically processed natural samples were generally better than 100 ppm (2 SD). The comparison of leached and unleached samples shows that leaching consistently removes variable amounts of contaminants that differ in Pb isotopic composition for different starting materials. For repeated digests of a single sample, analyses of leached samples reproduce better than those of unleached ones, confirming that leaching effectively removes most of the heterogeneously distributed extraneous Pb. Nevertheless, the external reproducibility of leached samples is still up to an order of magnitude worse than that of Pb solution standards (approximate to 100 ppm). More complex leaching methods employed by earlier studies yield Pb isotope ratios within error of those produced by our method and at similar levels of reproducibility, demonstrating that our simple leaching method is as effective as more complex leaching techniques. Therefore, any Pb isotope heterogeneity among multiple leached digests of samples in excess of the external reproducibility is attributed to inherent isotopic heterogeneity of the sample. The external precision of approximate to 100 ppm (2 SD) achieved for Pb isotope ratio determination by Tl-doped MC-ICPMS is thus sufficient for most rocks. The full advantage of the most precise Pb isotope analytical methods is only realized in cases where the natural isotopic heterogeneity among samples in a studied suite is substantially below 100 ppm. C1 [Todd, Erin; Stracke, Andreas; Scherer, Erik E.] Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Todd, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM etodd@usgs.gov FU Gottfried Wilhelm Lebniz Prize FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the Gottfried Wilhelm Lebniz Prize awarded to Klaus Mezger. We are also grateful to Mario Fischer-Godde for assistance on the Neptune, as well as Thorsten Kleine for making that instrument available. This work also greatly benefitted from the extensive laboratory support provided by Heidi Baier in the WWU clean lab. D. Weis, Marcus Gutjahr, and one anonymous reviewer are thanked for their helpful and constructive reviews. We also thank Janne Blichert-Toft for her editorial handling and A. J. Pietruszka for comments provided on an early version of this paper. Raw data supporting the statistics presented in Table 1 and Figures 1-3 are available via request to corresponding author E. Todd. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 16 IS 7 BP 2276 EP 2302 DI 10.1002/2015GC005804 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP9WX UT WOS:000360247200014 ER PT J AU Mount, CP Titus, TN AF Mount, Christopher P. Titus, Timothy N. TI Evolution of Mars' northern polar seasonal CO2 deposits: Variations in surface brightness and bulk density SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; seasonal; polar; CO2; ice ID SUBLIMATION-DRIVEN ACTIVITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HIRISE OBSERVATIONS; MICROPHYSICAL STATE; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SLAB ICE; CAP; BEHAVIOR; ALBEDO AB Small-scale variations of seasonal ice are explored at different geomorphic units on the Northern Polar Seasonal Cap (NPSC). We use seasonal rock shadow measurements, combined with visible and thermal observations, to calculate density over time. The coupling of volume density and albedo allows us to determine the microphysical state of the seasonal CO2 ice. We find two distinct end-members across the NPSC: (1) Snow deposits may anneal to form an overlying slab layer that fractures. These low-density deposits maintain relatively constant densities over springtime. (2) Porous slab deposits likely anneal rapidly in early spring and fracture in late spring. These high-density deposits dramatically increase in density over time. The end-members appear to be correlated with latitude. C1 [Mount, Christopher P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mount, CP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM cpmount@asu.edu FU NASA Space Grant Program; Northern Arizona University; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was partially funded by the NASA Space Grant Program, Northern Arizona University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Data used for this study are available through contact with the corresponding author at cpmount@asu.edu. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1252 EP 1266 DI 10.1002/2014JE004706 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP5EJ UT WOS:000359903800002 ER PT J AU Jawin, ER Besse, S Gaddis, LR Sunshine, JM Head, JW Mazrouei, S AF Jawin, Erica R. Besse, Sebastien Gaddis, Lisa R. Sunshine, Jessica M. Head, James W. Mazrouei, Sara TI Examining spectral variations in localized lunar dark mantle deposits SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE lunar pyroclastics; dark mantle deposits; volcanic glass; mafic minerals; VIS-NIR spectroscopy; remote sensing ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; MINERALOGY MAPPER M-3; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; MOON; ERUPTION; GEOTHERMOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION AB The localized lunar dark mantle deposits (DMDs) in Alphonsus, J. Herschel, and Oppenheimer craters were analyzed using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper. Spectra of these localized DMDs were analyzed for compositional and mineralogical variations within the deposits and were compared with nearby mare basalt units. Spectra of the three localized DMDs exhibited mafic absorption features indicating iron-rich compositions, although the DMDs were spectrally distinct from nearby mare basalts. All of the DMDs contained spectral signatures of glassy materials, suggesting the presence of volcanic glass in varying concentrations across the individual deposits. In addition, the albedo and spectral signatures were variable within the Alphonsus and Oppenheimer crater DMDs, suggesting variable deposit thickness and/or variations in the amount of mixing with the local substrate. Two previously unidentified localized DMDs were discovered to the northeast of Oppenheimer crater. The identification of high concentrations of volcanic glass in multiple localized DMDs in different locations suggests that the distribution of volcanic glass across the lunar surface is much more widespread than has been previously documented. The presence of volcanic glass implies an explosive, vulcanian eruption style for localized DMDs, as this allows volcanic glass to rapidly quench, inhibiting crystallization, compared to the larger hawaiian-style eruptions typical of regional DMD emplacement where black beads indicate a higher degree of crystallization. Improved understanding of the local and global distributions of volcanic glass in lunar DMDs will further constrain lunar degassing and compositional evolution throughout lunar volcanic history. C1 [Jawin, Erica R.; Besse, Sebastien; Mazrouei, Sara] European Space Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Jawin, Erica R.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Jawin, Erica R.; Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gaddis, Lisa R.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jawin, ER (reprint author), European Space Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM Erica_Jawin@brown.edu OI Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU Faculty Council at ESTEC; ESA fellowship program; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program; NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) FX We would like to thank the Faculty Council at ESTEC for providing research support for the duration of this project. Thoughtful reviews provided by Briony Horgan and two anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and helped in improving the manuscript. The ESA fellowship program supported the research of S. Besse. L. R. Gaddis was supported by an award from the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program. Support was provided from the NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) for J. W. Head. Users can access the data from this paper via the Planetary Data System Geosciences Node, http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/, from the M3 Archives, data set name: CH1M3_0004. The specific data files used to create the mosaics in this work are listed in Table 1. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1310 EP 1331 DI 10.1002/2014JE004759 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP5EJ UT WOS:000359903800006 ER PT J AU Essaid, HI Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM AF Essaid, Hedeff I. Bekins, Barbara A. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: Evolution of knowledge and understanding SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE groundwater; organic contaminants; NAPL; interphase mass transfer; biodegradation; remediation ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE-LIQUID; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; OIL SPILL SITE; SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION; STATE MASS-TRANSFER; EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES; NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; GOVERNING MULTIPHASE FLOW; OXYGEN-LIMITED BIODEGRADATION; BIOLOGICALLY REACTING SOLUTES AB Toxic organic contaminants may enter the subsurface as slightly soluble and volatile nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) or as dissolved solutes resulting in contaminant plumes emanating from the source zone. A large body of research published in Water Resources Research has been devoted to characterizing and understanding processes controlling the transport and fate of these organic contaminants and the effectiveness of natural attenuation, bioremediation, and other remedial technologies. These contributions include studies of NAPL flow, entrapment, and interphase mass transfer that have advanced from the analysis of simple systems with uniform properties and equilibrium contaminant phase partitioning to complex systems with pore-scale and macroscale heterogeneity and rate-limited interphase mass transfer. Understanding of the fate of dissolved organic plumes has advanced from when biodegradation was thought to require oxygen to recognition of the importance of anaerobic biodegradation, multiple redox zones, microbial enzyme kinetics, and mixing of organic contaminants and electron acceptors at plume fringes. Challenges remain in understanding the impacts of physical, chemical, biological, and hydrogeological heterogeneity, pore-scale interactions, and mixing on the fate of organic contaminants. Further effort is needed to successfully incorporate these processes into field-scale predictions of transport and fate. Regulations have greatly reduced the frequency of new point-source contamination problems; however, remediation at many legacy plumes remains challenging. A number of fields of current relevance are benefiting from research advances from point-source contaminant research. These include geologic carbon sequestration, nonpoint-source contamination, aquifer storage and recovery, the fate of contaminants from oil and gas development, and enhanced bioremediation. C1 [Essaid, Hedeff I.; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Essaid, HI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hiessaid@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology and National Research Programs FX Funding for this review article was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology and National Research Programs. We thank Richelle Allen-King, William Herkelrath, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work did not involve any new data. NR 576 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 39 U2 216 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 7 BP 4861 EP 4902 DI 10.1002/2015WR017121 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CP7PM UT WOS:000360080200001 ER PT J AU Gallegos, TJ Varela, BA Haines, SS Engle, MA AF Gallegos, Tanya J. Varela, Brian A. Haines, Seth S. Engle, Mark A. TI Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydraulic fracturing; water use; shale gas; well stimulation; unconventional oil and gas ID SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT; NATURAL-GAS; MARCELLUS; IMPACTS; CONTAMINATION; CONSUMPTION; CHALLENGES; RESOURCES; PLAYS; OIL AB Until now, up-to-date, comprehensive, spatial, national-scale data on hydraulic fracturing water volumes have been lacking. Water volumes used (injected) to hydraulically fracture over 263,859 oil and gas wells drilled between 2000 and 2014 were compiled and used to create the first U.S. map of hydraulic fracturing water use. Although median annual volumes of 15,275 m(3) and 19,425 m(3) of water per well was used to hydraulically fracture individual horizontal oil and gas wells, respectively, in 2014, about 42% of wells were actually either vertical or directional, which required less than 2600 m(3) water per well. The highest average hydraulic fracturing water usage (10,000-36,620 m(3) per well) in watersheds across the United States generally correlated with shale-gas areas (versus coalbed methane, tight oil, or tight gas) where the greatest proportion of hydraulically fractured wells were horizontally drilled, reflecting that the natural reservoir properties influence water use. This analysis also demonstrates that many oil and gas resources within a given basin are developed using a mix of horizontal, vertical, and some directional wells, explaining why large volume hydraulic fracturing water usage is not widespread. This spatial variability in hydraulic fracturing water use relates to the potential for environmental impacts such as water availability, water quality, wastewater disposal, and possible wastewater injection-induced earthquakes. C1 [Gallegos, Tanya J.; Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Varela, Brian A.; Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Gallegos, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM tgallegos@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Special thanks to Philip H. Nelson, Ronald R. Charpentier, and Margo Corum for their review and input. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program. Data used to construct Figures 1-3 are available in supporting information (Tables S1-S4). Original data are proprietary and are not provided here but are available through IHS, Inc. [IHS Energy, 2014]. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of its employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 64 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 7 BP 5839 EP 5845 DI 10.1002/2015WR017278 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CP7PM UT WOS:000360080200053 ER PT J AU Fujioka, RS Solo-Gabriele, HM Byappanahalli, MN Kirs, M AF Fujioka, Roger S. Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Kirs, Marek TI US Recreational Water Quality Criteria: A Vision for the Future SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research CY SEP 14-18, 2014 CL Jackson, MS SP Jackson State Univ DE recreational water quality criteria; recreational water quality standards; nonpoint source pollution; traditional fecal indicator bacteria; extra-enteric fecal indicator bacteria; alternate indicators; microbial source tracking ID HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; DEAD-END ULTRAFILTRATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; RNA COLIPHAGES; BEACH SANDS; GENETIC-MARKERS; DRINKING-WATER AB This manuscript evaluates the U.S. Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC) of 2012, based upon discussions during a conference held 11-13 March 2013, in Honolulu, Hawaii. The RWQC of 2012 did not meet expectations among the research community because key recommended studies were not completed, new data to assess risks to bathers exposed to non-point sources of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were not developed, and the 2012 RWQC did not show marked improvements in strategies for assessing health risks for bathers using all types of recreational waters. The development of the 2012 RWQC was limited in scope because the epidemiologic studies at beach sites were restricted to beaches with point sources of pollution and water samples were monitored for only enterococci. The vision for the future is development of effective RWQC guidelines based on epidemiologic and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) studies for sewage specific markers, as well as human enteric pathogens so that health risks for bathers at all recreational waters can be determined. The 2012 RWQC introduced a program for states and tribes to develop site-specific water quality criteria, and in theory this approach can be used to address the limitations associated with the measurements of the traditional FIB. C1 [Fujioka, Roger S.; Kirs, Marek] Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Arch & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Fujioka, RS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, 2540 Dole St,Holmes Hall Rm 283, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM roger@hawaii.edu; hmsolo@miami.edu; byappan@usgs.gov; kirs@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at University of Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373/1127813, NIEHS P50 ES12736] FX HSG would like to acknowledge support through the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373/1127813) and (NIEHS P50 ES12736). NR 115 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUL PY 2015 VL 12 IS 7 BP 7752 EP 7776 DI 10.3390/ijerph120707752 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CO7MB UT WOS:000359342300046 PM 26184253 ER PT J AU Brothers, DS Conrad, JE Maier, KL Paull, CK McGann, M Caress, DW AF Brothers, Daniel S. Conrad, James E. Maier, Katherine L. Paull, Charles K. McGann, Mary Caress, David W. TI The Palos Verdes Fault offshore Southern California: Late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution, and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE marine paleoseismology; tectonic geomorphology; submarine landslide; sediment flow ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS; SAN-DIEGO; ZONE; RUPTURE; PALEOSEISMOLOGY; PACIFIC; COASTAL AB The Palos Verdes Fault (PVF) is one of few active faults in Southern California that crosses the shoreline and can be studied using both terrestrial and subaqueous methodologies. To characterize the near-seafloor fault morphology, tectonic influences on continental slope sedimentary processes and late Pleistocene to present slip rate, a grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data, and chirp subbottom profiles were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the main trace of PVF in water depths between 250 and 600m. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from vibracores collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and ship-based gravity cores. The PVF is expressed as a well-defined seafloor lineation marked by subtle along-strike bends. Right-stepping transtensional bends exert first-order control on sediment flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of Holocene depocenters; deformed strata within a small pull-apart basin record punctuated growth faulting associated with at least three Holocene surface ruptures. An upper (shallower) landslide scarp, a buried sedimentary mound, and a deeper scarp have been right-laterally offset across the PVF by 555, 524, and 398 m, respectively. The ages of the upper scarp and buried mound are approximately 31ka; the age of the deeper scarp is bracketed to 17-24ka. These three piercing points bracket the late Pleistocene to present slip rate to 1.3-2.8mm/yr and provide a best estimate of 1.6-1.9mm/yr. The deformation observed along the PVF is characteristic of strike-slip faulting and accounts for 20-30% of the total right-lateral slip budget accommodated offshore Southern California. C1 [Brothers, Daniel S.; Conrad, James E.; Maier, Katherine L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [McGann, Mary] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brothers, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dbrothers@usgs.gov OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute through the David and Lucile Packard Foundation; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute through the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Special thanks are given to the MBARI autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Operations Group, the MBARI remotely operated vehicle (ROV) pilots, and the crews and science parties of the R/V Zephyr, R/V Western Flyer, and R/V Sproul. We also thank Krystle Anderson, Eve Lundsten, Holly Ryan, Brian Edwards, Mike Torresan, Peter Dartnell, Ray Sliter, and Florence Wong for data assistance and discussions. Tom Parsons and Nathan Miller provided helpful reviews. Seismic reflection data in this study are archived at the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. Data not posted to public servers (e.g., https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/NAMSS/ and https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/) are available from the corresponding author upon request. Mention of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement of commercial products. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 4734 EP 4758 DI 10.1002/2015JB011938 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP2ZN UT WOS:000359746700005 ER PT J AU Du Frane, WL Stern, LA Constable, S Weitemeyer, KA Smith, MM Roberts, JJ AF Du Frane, Wyatt L. Stern, Laura A. Constable, Steven Weitemeyer, Karen A. Smith, Megan M. Roberts, Jeffery J. TI Electrical properties of methane hydrate plus sediment mixtures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; electrical conductivity; methane; ice; ionic impurities; controlled source electromagnetics ID GAS HYDRATE; POLYCRYSTALLINE OLIVINE; ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NATURAL-GAS; SEA-FLOOR; WATER; ICE; PERMEABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB Knowledge of the electrical properties of multicomponent systems with gas hydrate, sediments, and pore water is needed to help relate electromagnetic (EM) measurements to specific gas hydrate concentration and distribution patterns in nature. Toward this goal, we built a pressure cell capable of measuring in situ electrical properties of multicomponent systems such that the effects of individual components and mixing relations can be assessed. We first established the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity (sigma) of pure, single-phase methane hydrate to be similar to 5 orders of magnitude lower than seawater, a substantial contrast that can help differentiate hydrate deposits from significantly more conductive water-saturated sediments in EM field surveys. Here we report sigma measurements of two-component systems in which methane hydrate is mixed with variable amounts of quartz sand or glass beads. Sand by itself has low sigma but is found to increase the overall sigma of mixtures with well-connected methane hydrate. Alternatively, the overall sigma decreases when sand concentrations are high enough to cause gas hydrate to be poorly connected, indicating that hydrate grains provide the primary conduction path. Our measurements suggest that impurities from sand induce chemical interactions and/or doping effects that result in higher electrical conductivity with lower temperature dependence. These results can be used in the modeling of massive or two-phase gas-hydrate-bearing systems devoid of conductive pore water. Further experiments that include a free water phase are the necessary next steps toward developing complex models relevant to most natural systems. C1 [Du Frane, Wyatt L.; Smith, Megan M.; Roberts, Jeffery J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stern, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Constable, Steven; Weitemeyer, Karen A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Weitemeyer, Karen A.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Du Frane, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Wyatt.DuFrane@asu.edu RI Constable, Steven/B-8959-2008 FU DOE [DE-NT0005668]; USGS Gas Hydrate Project [DE-NT0006147]; DOE's Methane Hydrate RD Program [DE-NT0006147]; [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank S. Roberts (LLNL) for assisting with ion chromatography measurements; W. Durham (MIT) for providing the OK#1 sand used in this study; J. Pinkston, S. Kirby, D. Lockner, W. Waite, and A. Hunt (U. S. Geological Survey) for their helpful discussions, advice, and reviews; and J. Lemire (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) for the help with the cell fabrication and design. Data supporting Figures 3-5 are available in the supporting information. Support for this work was provided by DOE contract DE-NT0005668 awarded to S. Constable (SIO) and Interagency Agreement DE-NT0006147 between the USGS Gas Hydrate Project and the DOE's Methane Hydrate R&D Program. Prepared by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey or the U. S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 4773 EP 4783 DI 10.1002/2015JB011940 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP2ZN UT WOS:000359746700007 ER PT J AU Harrington, RM Kwiatek, G Moran, SC AF Harrington, Rebecca M. Kwiatek, Grzegorz Moran, Seth C. TI Self-similar rupture implied by scaling properties of volcanic earthquakes occurring during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE volcanic seismic events; seismic observations; source parameter scaling ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; LONG VALLEY CALDERA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; APPARENT STRESS; WAVE RADIATION; GOLD MINE; CALIFORNIA; SPECTRA; TREMOR; MICROEARTHQUAKES AB We analyze a group of 6073 low-frequency earthquakes recorded during a week-long temporary deployment of broadband seismometers at distances of less than 3km from the crater at Mount St. Helens in September of 2006. We estimate the seismic moment (M-0) and spectral corner frequency (f(0)) using a spectral ratio approach for events with a high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio that have a cross-correlation coefficient of 0.8 or greater with at least five other events. A cluster analysis of cross-correlation values indicates that the group of 421 events meeting the SNR and cross-correlation criteria forms eight event families that exhibit largely self-similar scaling. We estimate the M-0 and f(0) values of the 421 events and calculate their static stress drop and scaled energy (E-R/M-0) values. The estimated values suggest self-similar scaling within families, as well as between five of eight families (i.e., constant). We speculate that differences in scaled energy values for the two families with variable scaling may result from a lack of resolution in the velocity model. The observation of self-similar scaling is the first of its kind for such a large group of low-frequency volcanic tectonic events occurring during a single active dome extrusion eruption. C1 [Harrington, Rebecca M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kwiatek, Grzegorz] German Res Ctr Geosci, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Moran, Seth C.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Harrington, RM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM rebecca.harrington@mcgill.ca RI Kwiatek, Grzegorz/K-2039-2012 OI Kwiatek, Grzegorz/0000-0003-1076-615X FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; "Concept for the Future" of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); EU-GEISER FP7 project FX We would like to thank those responsible for the instrument installation and data collection at Mount St. Helens in September 2006. In particular, we would like to thank the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory for providing helicopter support and personnel for the experiment, as well equipment for four of the temporary stations. We also thank the IRIS PASSCAL program for loan of equipment used at three of our sites, the USGS Volcano Disaster Assistance Program for loan of equipment for two stations, and Emily Brodsky for the loan of equipment for one station. Additional data from the permanent Pacific Northwest Seismic Network was used for event locations. All data used in the analysis are available on the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) website (http://www.iris.edu/hq/) or upon request from the Cascades Volcano Observatory. R.M. Harrington was supported by a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, as well as funding from the "Concept for the Future" of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) within the framework of the national "Initiative for Excellence" for a portion of this work. G. Kwiatek acknowledges financial support from the EU-GEISER FP7 project (http://www.geiser-fp7.eu). NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 4966 EP 4982 DI 10.1002/2014JB011744 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP2ZN UT WOS:000359746700018 ER PT J AU Caudron, C Lecocq, T Syahbana, DK McCausland, W Watlet, A Camelbeeck, T Bernard, A Surono AF Caudron, Corentin Lecocq, Thomas Syahbana, Devy K. McCausland, Wendy Watlet, Arnaud Camelbeeck, Thierry Bernard, Alain Surono TI Stress and mass changes at a "wet" volcano: Example during the 2011-2012 volcanic unrest at Kawah Ijen volcano (Indonesia) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE seismic noise cross correlation; volcano monitoring; volcanic lake; velocity variation; volcanic tremor; hydrothermal system ID AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; PASSIVE IMAGE INTERFEROMETRY; KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; LA FOURNAISE VOLCANO; RUAPEHU CRATER LAKE; VELOCITY CHANGES; NEW-ZEALAND; COMPLEX FREQUENCIES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM AB Since 2010, Kawah Ijen volcano has been equipped with seismometers, and its extremely acid volcanic lake has been monitored using temperature and leveling sensors, providing unprecedented time resolution of multiparametric data for an acidic volcanic lake. The nature of stress and mass changes of the volcano is studied by combining seismic analyses and volcanic lake measurements that were made during the strongest unrest ever recorded by the seismic network at Kawah Ijen. The distal VT earthquake swarm that occurred in May 2011 was the precursor of volcanic unrest in October 2011 that caused an increase in shallow earthquakes. The proximal VT earthquakes opened pathways for fluids to ascend by increasing the permeability of the rock matrix. The following months were characterized by two periods of strong heat and mass discharge into the lake and by the initiation of monochromatic tremor (MT) activity when steam/gases interacted with shallow portions of the aquifer. Significant seismic velocity variations, concurrent with water level rises in which water contained a large amount of steam/gas, were associated with the crises, that caused an although the unrest did not affect the shallow hydrothermal system at a large scale. Whereas shallow VT earthquakes likely reflect a magmatic intrusion, MT and relative seismic velocity changes are clearly associated with shallow hydrothermal processes. These results will facilitate the forecast of future crises. C1 [Caudron, Corentin; Lecocq, Thomas; Syahbana, Devy K.; Watlet, Arnaud; Camelbeeck, Thierry] Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Sect, Uccle, Belgium. [Caudron, Corentin] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Caudron, Corentin; Syahbana, Devy K.; Bernard, Alain] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Brussels, Belgium. [Syahbana, Devy K.; Surono] Minist Energy & Mineral Resources, Geol Agcy, Ctr Volcanol & Geol Hazard Mitigat, Bandung, Indonesia. [Syahbana, Devy K.] German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr, Potsdam, Germany. [McCausland, Wendy] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Watlet, Arnaud] Univ Mons, Dept Geol & Appl Geol, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP Caudron, C (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Seismol Sect, Uccle, Belgium. EM CCaudron@ntu.edu.sg RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; OI Lecocq, Thomas/0000-0002-4988-6477; Caudron, Corentin/0000-0002-3748-0007; Syahbana, Devy Kamil/0000-0002-5212-1221 FU Belgian Federal Science Policy Action 2 [WI/33/J02] FX We wish to thank the Editor, corresponding editors and reviewers who significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. C. Caudron wishes to thank members of the USAID-USGS Volcano Disaster Assistance Program group for fruitful discussions. C. Caudron warmly thanks F. Brenguier and P. Lesage for their inputs. The seismic data have been processed using Obspy [Krischer et al., 2015]. This paper benefited from LATEX and Matplotlib [Hunter, 2007]. K. Van Noten was extremely helpful in improving the English language of the manuscript. We are grateful not only to CVGHM support on the field and in Bandung, and particularly to the observers of Kawah Ijen, Pak Heri, and Pak Parjan, but also to the students who greatly helped on the field (Antoine Triantafyllou, Zack Spica, Julien Brack, Sarane Sterckx, Raphael De Plaen, and Julie Oppenheimer). This work is partly funded by a Belgian Federal Science Policy Action 2 grant (WI/33/J02). All the data are available upon request to C. Caudron and T. Lecocq. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 5117 EP 5134 DI 10.1002/2014JB011590 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CP2ZN UT WOS:000359746700027 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, K Germino, MJ Kueppers, LM Domec, JC Mitton, J AF Reinhardt, Keith Germino, Matthew J. Kueppers, Lara M. Domec, Jean-Christophe Mitton, Jeffry TI Linking carbon and water relations to drought-induced mortality in Pinus flexilis seedlings SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; hydraulic resistance; non-structural carbohydrates; productivity; respiration ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; ELEVATION GRADIENT; ALPINE TREELINE; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Survival of tree seedlings at high elevations has been shown to be limited by thermal constraints on carbon balance, but it is unknown if carbon relations also limit seedling survival at lower elevations, where water relations may be more important. We measured and modeled carbon fluxes and water relations in first-year Pinus flexilis seedlings in garden plots just beyond the warm edge of their natural range, and compared these with dry-mass gain and survival across two summers. We hypothesized that mortality in these seedlings would be associated with declines in water relations, more so than with carbon-balance limitations. Rather than gradual declines in survivorship across growing seasons, we observed sharp, large-scale mortality episodes that occurred once volumetric soil-moisture content dropped below 10%. By this point, seedling water potentials had decreased below -5 MPa, seedling hydraulic conductivity had decreased by 90% and seedling hydraulic resistance had increased by >900%. Additionally, non-structural carbohydrates accumulated in aboveground tissues at the end of both summers, suggesting impairments in phloem-transport from needles to roots. This resulted in low carbohydrate concentrations in roots, which likely impaired root growth and water uptake at the time of critically low soil moisture. While photosynthesis and respiration on a leaf area basis remained high until critical hydraulic thresholds were exceeded, modeled seedling gross primary productivity declined steadily throughout the summers. At the time of mortality, modeled productivity was insufficient to support seedling biomassgain rates, metabolism and secondary costs. Thus the large-scale mortality events that we observed near the end of each summer were most directly linked with acute, episodic declines in plant hydraulic function that were linked with important changes in whole-seedling carbon relations. C1 [Reinhardt, Keith] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Kueppers, Lara M.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] Bordeaux Sci Agro, INRA, ISPA UMR 1391, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Mitton, Jeffry] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reinhardt, K (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM reinkeit@isu.edu RI Kueppers, Lara/M-8323-2013 OI Kueppers, Lara/0000-0002-8134-3579 FU National Science Foundation EPSCoR [0814387]; National Science Foundation IOS [2011-46746]; National Science Foundation EAR [2013-44703]; US Department of Agriculture-AFRI [2011-68002, 2012-00857]; Office of Science (BER) US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64457] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR (award 0814387), IOS (award 2011-46746) and EAR (award 2013-44703), as well as grants from the US Department of Agriculture-AFRI (awards 2011-68002 and 2012-00857) and in part by the Office of Science (BER) US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-07ER64457). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 57 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 35 IS 7 BP 771 EP 782 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv045 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CP1GI UT WOS:000359623900008 PM 26116925 ER PT J AU Kornis, MS Weidel, BC Powers, SM Diebel, MW Cline, TJ Fox, JM Kitchell, JF AF Kornis, Matthew S. Weidel, Brian C. Powers, Stephen M. Diebel, Matthew W. Cline, Timothy J. Fox, Justin M. Kitchell, James F. TI Fish community dynamics following dam removal in a fragmented agricultural stream SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dam removal; Fish communities; Fragmented streams; Homogenization; Species interactions; Connectivity ID SUCKER CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; FRESH-WATER FAUNAS; LOW-HEAD DAM; UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; BANK EROSION; LIFE-HISTORY; BROOK TROUT; RIVER; WISCONSIN AB Habitat fragmentation impedes dispersal of aquatic fauna, and barrier removal is increasingly used to increase stream network connectivity and facilitate fish dispersal. Improved understanding of fish community response to barrier removal is needed, especially in fragmented agricultural streams where numerous antiquated dams are likely destined for removal. We examined post-removal responses in two distinct fish communities formerly separated by a small aging mill dam. The dam was removed midway through the 6 year study, enabling passage for downstream fishes affiliated with a connected reservoir into previously inaccessible habitat, thus creating the potential for taxonomic homogenization between upstream and downstream communities. Both communities changed substantially post-removal. Two previously excluded species (white sucker, yellow perch) established substantial populations upstream of the former dam, contributing to a doubling of total fish biomass. Meanwhile, numerical density of pre-existing upstream fishes declined. Downstream, largemouth bass density was inversely correlated with prey fish density throughout the study, while post-removal declines in bluegill density coincided with cooler water temperature and increased suspended and benthic fine sediment. Upstream and downstream fish communities became more similar post-removal, represented by a shift in Bray-Curtis index from 14 to 41 % similarity. Our findings emphasize that barrier removal in highly fragmented stream networks can facilitate the unintended and possibly undesirable spread of species into headwater streams, including dispersal of species from remaining reservoirs. We suggest that knowledge of dispersal patterns for key piscivore and competitor species in both the target system and neighboring systems may help predict community outcomes following barrier removal. C1 [Kornis, Matthew S.; Weidel, Brian C.; Powers, Stephen M.; Diebel, Matthew W.; Cline, Timothy J.; Fox, Justin M.; Kitchell, James F.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kornis, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM matthew_kornis@fws.gov FU River Alliance of Wisconsin; NSF RAPID grant [DEB-0935710]; University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology CAPEX program FX We extend our gratitude to Bill Ginsler, Mark Knudsen, and Larry Hamele for providing access to the study site and background information on the stream history and fish community. We also thank Emily Stanley, Helen Sarakinos, and the River Alliance of Wisconsin for support throughout the study, Christopher Patrick for input on community similarity analysis, and several anonymous reviewers for helpful critiques. We appreciate field and laboratory assistance provided by Olaf Jensen, Jereme Gaeta, Stephen Klobucar, Lee Zinn, Kyle Amend, Chase Brossard, James Hardy, Robert Johnson, Page Mieritz, Aliya Rubinstein, and Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey. We also thank USGS-Water Sciences for loaned equipment. This project was funded by an NSF RAPID grant to James Kitchell (grant number DEB-0935710), and by the University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology CAPEX program. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purpose only and does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of their use by the U.S. government. This study is contribution number 1890 to the USGS, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 19 U2 83 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 EI 1420-9055 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 465 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s00027-014-0391-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CO0ST UT WOS:000358863500012 ER PT J AU Sterrett, SC Kaeser, AJ Katz, RA Smith, LL Brock, JC Maerz, JC AF Sterrett, Sean C. Kaeser, Adam J. Katz, Rachel A. Smith, Lora L. Brock, Jean C. Maerz, John C. TI Spatial Ecology of Female Barbour's Map Turtles (Graptemys barbouri) in Ichawaynochaway Creek, Georgia SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SIDE-SCAN SONAR; HOME-RANGE; RESOURCE SELECTION; RIVER TURTLES; HABITAT USE; WATER; GEOGRAPHICA; STREAMS; ESTIMATORS; PREFERENCE AB Quantifying patterns of habitat use by riverine species is logistically challenging, yet instream habitat characteristics are likely important in explaining the distribution of species. We integrated radiotelemetry and sonar habitat mapping to quantify instream habitat use by female Barbour's Map Turtles (Graptemys barbouri) in Ichawaynochaway Creek, a tributary to the Flint River. We used logistic regression and a Bayesian information-theoretic approach to evaluate habitat use relative to habitat availability based on random locations. Over the two-year study period, turtles used an average of 839 +/- 199 m of creek length and exhibited site fidelity (mean 50% kernel density = 0.23 +/- 0.05 ha). Substrate was generally more predictive of habitat use of female G. barbouri compared to large woody debris and water depth. Turtles generally used deeper habitats close to rocky-boulder and rocky-fine substrate with greater amounts of large woody debris. Estimates of home range size and habitat use found in this study improve our understanding of the spatial ecology of G. barbouri and provide a baseline for their habitat use in a relatively undisturbed section of stream. It is imperative to understand the spatial ecology of species, such as map turtles, that are particularly vulnerable to indirect effects of habitat modifications caused by impoundments, sedimentation, pollution, and snagging. C1 [Sterrett, Sean C.; Maerz, John C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sterrett, Sean C.; Smith, Lora L.; Brock, Jean C.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Kaeser, Adam J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Katz, Rachel A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sterrett, SC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM seansterrett@gmail.com; adam_kaeser@fws.gov; rachelakatz@gmail.com; lsmith@jonesctr.org; jbrock@jonesctr.org; jcmaerz@uga.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) State Wildlife Grant; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center; DNR The Environmental Resources Network (TERN) grant FX This project was funded by a Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) State Wildlife Grant in coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center. Additional funding for radio-transmitters was made possible by a DNR The Environmental Resources Network (TERN) grant. The project would not have been possible without help from the Jones Center Herpetology lab and various grad students who assisted with surveys. We also thank E. Cox, who assisted with the literature search and M. Conner, M. Kaeser, and B. Irwin for statistical assistance. Thanks to D. Steen, K. Barrett, J. Rowe, and M. Mazzerole for commenting on earlier drafts of this manuscript. All procedures in this study were approved by the University of Georgia Animal Care and Use Committee (AUP #A2007-10102-0), and work was conducted under Georgia DNR Scientific Collecting Permit #29-WCH-06-104. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUL PY 2015 VL 103 IS 2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1643/CH-13-162 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CN9GD UT WOS:000358754300001 ER PT J AU Magoulick, DD Lynch, DT AF Magoulick, Daniel D. Lynch, Dustin T. TI Occupancy and Abundance Modeling of the Endangered Yellowcheek Darter in Arkansas SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID ETHEOSTOMA-MOOREI; RED-RIVER; FISHES; HABITATS; SAMPLER AB The Yellowcheek Darter (Etheostoma moorei) is a rare fish endemic to the Little Red River watershed in the Boston Mountains of northern Arkansas. Remaining populations of this species are geographically isolated and declining, and the species was listed in 2011 as federally endangered. Populations have declined, in part, due to intense seasonal stream drying and inundation of lower reaches by a reservoir. We used a kick seine sampling approach to examine distribution and abundance of Yellowcheek Darter populations in the Middle Fork and South Fork Little Red River. We used presence data to estimate occupancy rates and detection probability and examined relationships between Yellowcheek Darter density and environmental variables. The species was found at five Middle Fork and South Fork sites where it had previously been present in 2003-2004. Occupancy rates were >0.6 but with wide 95% CI, and where the darters occurred, densities were typical of other Ozark darters but highly variable. Detection probability and density were positively related to current velocity. Given that stream drying has become more extreme over the past 30 years and anthropogenic threats have increased, regular monitoring and active management may be required to reduce extinction risk of Yellowcheek Darter populations. C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Lynch, Dustin T.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu FU University of Arkansas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [11018] FX We thank M. Wine for advice and field help. B. Olsen, J. Schluterman, N. Vogt, and T. Hayashi provided invaluable help in the field. S. Shoults of Greers Ferry National Fish Hatchery graciously provided housing. D. Eoff and D. Hutto provided permission to access streams on their property. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was conducted under the auspices of University of Arkansas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number 11018. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 26 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUL PY 2015 VL 103 IS 2 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1643/CE-14-116 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CN9GD UT WOS:000358754300016 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MW Butt, N Dolanc, CR Holguin, A Moritz, MA North, MP Safford, HD Stephenson, NL Thorne, JH van Mantgem, PJ AF Schwartz, Mark W. Butt, Nathalie Dolanc, Christopher R. Holguin, Andrew Moritz, Max A. North, Malcolm P. Safford, Hugh D. Stephenson, Nathan L. Thorne, James H. van Mantgem, Phillip J. TI Increasing elevation of fire in the Sierra Nevada and implications for forest change SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; fire; fire suppression; forest stand structure; fuels; Sierra Nevada; subalpine ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; TREE MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CASCADES; UNITED-STATES; BLISTER RUST; WESTERN US; CALIFORNIA; SEVERITY AB Fire in high-elevation forest ecosystems can have severe impacts on forest structure, function and biodiversity. Using a 105-year data set, we found increasing elevation extent of fires in the Sierra Nevada, and pose five hypotheses to explain this pattern. Beyond the recognized pattern of increasing fire frequency in the Sierra Nevada since the late 20th century, we find that the upper elevation extent of those fires has also been increasing. Factors such as fire season climate and fuel build up are recognized potential drivers of changes in fire regimes. Patterns of warming climate and increasing stand density are consistent with both the direction and magnitude of increasing elevation of wildfire. Reduction in high elevation wildfire suppression and increasing ignition frequencies may also contribute to the observed pattern. Historical biases in fire reporting are recognized, but not likely to explain the observed patterns. The four plausible mechanistic hypotheses (changes in fire management, climate, fuels, ignitions) are not mutually exclusive, and likely have synergistic interactions that may explain the observed changes. Irrespective of mechanism, the observed pattern of increasing occurrence of fire in these subalpine forests may have significant impacts on their resilience to changing climatic conditions. C1 [Schwartz, Mark W.; Dolanc, Christopher R.; Holguin, Andrew; Safford, Hugh D.; Thorne, James H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schwartz, Mark W.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Butt, Nathalie] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Dolanc, Christopher R.] Mercyhurst Univ, Dept Biol, Erie, PA 16546 USA. [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [North, Malcolm P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Schwartz, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mwschwartz@ucdavis.edu RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542 FU USGS Southwest Climate Science Center FX The authors thank the USGS Southwest Climate Science Center for support. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 7 AR 121 DI 10.1890/ES15-00003.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO2MV UT WOS:000358991500015 ER PT J AU Stillman, RA Wood, KA Gilkerson, W Elkinton, E Black, JM Ward, DH Petrie, M AF Stillman, R. A. Wood, K. A. Gilkerson, W. Elkinton, E. Black, J. M. Ward, D. H. Petrie, M. TI Predicting effects of environmental change on a migratory herbivore SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; foraging ecology; human disturbance; individual-based model; mechanistic modelling; migration; sea level rise ID BRANTA-BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED ECOLOGY; SEA-LEVEL RISE; BLACK BRANT; HUMBOLDT BAY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT USE; GEESE; DISTURBANCE AB Changes in climate, food abundance and disturbance from humans threaten the ability of species to successfully use stopover sites and migrate between non-breeding and breeding areas. To devise successful conservation strategies for migratory species we need to be able to predict how such changes will affect both individuals and populations. Such predictions should ideally be process-based, focusing on the mechanisms through which changes alter individual physiological state and behavior. In this study we use a process-based model to evaluate how Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) foraging on common eelgrass (Zostera marina) at a stopover site (Humboldt Bay, USA), may be affected by changes in sea level, food abundance and disturbance. The model is individual-based, with empirically based parameters, and incorporates the immigration of birds into the site, tidal changes in availability of eelgrass, seasonal and depth-related changes in eelgrass biomass, foraging behavior and energetics of the birds, and their mass-dependent decisions to emigrate. The model is validated by comparing predictions to observations across a range of system properties including the time birds spent foraging, probability of birds emigrating, mean stopover duration, peak bird numbers, rates of mass gain and distribution of birds within the site: all 11 predictions were within 35% of the observed value, and 8 within 20%. The model predicted that the eelgrass within the site could potentially support up to five times as many birds as currently use the site. Future predictions indicated that the rate of mass gain and mean stopover duration were relatively insensitive to sea level rise over the next 100 years, primarily because eelgrass habitat could redistribute shoreward into intertidal mudflats within the site to compensate for higher sea levels. In contrast, the rate of mass gain and mean stopover duration were sensitive to changes in total eelgrass biomass and the percentage of time for which birds were disturbed. We discuss the consequences of these predictions for Black Brant conservation. A wide range of migratory species responses are expected in response to environmental change. Process-based models are potential tools to predict such responses and understand the mechanisms which underpin them. C1 [Stillman, R. A.; Wood, K. A.] Bournemouth Univ, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Poole BH12 5BB, Dorset, England. [Wood, K. A.] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England. [Gilkerson, W.] Pacific Watershed Associates Inc, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Elkinton, E.; Black, J. M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Waterfowl Ecol Res Grp, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ward, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Petrie, M.] Ducks Unlimited Inc, Western Reg Off, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Stillman, RA (reprint author), Bournemouth Univ, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Poole BH12 5BB, Dorset, England. EM rstillman@bournemouth.ac.uk RI Wood, Kevin/C-7312-2012 OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0001-9170-6129 FU Ducks Unlimited, Inc. [US-RS-14-2] FX We thank Frank Shaughnessy (Humboldt State University) for discussions and Susan Schlosser, Marine Advisor for the Eureka Sea Grant Extension, for providing eelgrass biometric data. Ducks Unlimited, Inc., funded this study (Project US-RS-14-2). The use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 7 AR 114 DI 10.1890/ES1400455.1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO2MV UT WOS:000358991500008 ER PT J AU Beck, S La Peyre, MK AF Beck, Steve La Peyre, Megan K. TI Effects of oyster harvest activities on Louisiana reef habitat and resident nekton communities SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC TRANSFER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; RESTORATION; COMPLEXITY; ESTUARY; DEGRADATION; POPULATION; DELTA-N-15 AB Oysters are often cited as "ecosystem engineers" because they modify their environment. Coastal Louisiana contains extensive oyster reef areas that have been harvested for decades, and whether differences in habitat functions exist between those areas and nonharvested reefs is unclear. We compared reef physical structure and resident community metrics between these 2 sub-tidal reef types. Harvested reefs were more fragmented and had lower densities of live eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and hooked mussels (Ischadium recurvum) than the nonharvested reefs. Stable isotope values (C-13 and N-15) of dominant nekton species and basal food sources were used to compare food web characteristics. Nonpelagic source contributions and trophic positions of dominant species were slightly elevated at harvested sites. Oyster harvesting appeared to have decreased the number of large oysters and to have increased the percentage of reefs that were nonliving by decreasing water column filtration and benthopelagic coupling. The differences in reef matrix composition, however, had little effect on resident nekton communities. Understanding the thresholds of reef habitat areas, the oyster density or oyster size distribution below which ecosystem services may be compromised, remains key to sustainable management. C1 [Beck, Steve; La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, 124 Renewable Nat Resources Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries through Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey; Louisiana State University [08-005, 11-006] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries through support to the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank P. Banks, B. Fry, J. Fleeger, M. Kaller, S. Miller, B. Eberline, J. Furlong, C. Hodnett, C. Duplechain, L. Broussard, G. Decossas, A. Catalanello, M. Fries, W. Sheftall, C. Brown, A. DaSilva, D. Klimesh, H. Beck, and S. Piazza for field and laboratory support. We thank Aswani Volety for comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This manuscript was also significantly improved by extensive reviewer comments. This study was performed under the auspices of Louisiana State University IACUC protocols 08-005 and 11-006. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 113 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.7755/FB.113.3.8 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO3XZ UT WOS:000359095900008 ER PT J AU Lamb, M Beard, LS Hickson, T Umhoefer, P Dunbar, N Schleicher, J McIntosh, W AF Lamb, Melissa Beard, L. Sue Hickson, Thomas Umhoefer, Paul Dunbar, Nelia Schleicher, Jillian McIntosh, William TI Late Oligocene-early Miocene landscape evolution of the Lake Mead region during the transition from Sevier contraction to Basin and Range extension SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; GRAND-CANYON; TERTIARY ROCKS; NORMAL FAULTS; CALIFORNIA; VALLEY; UPLIFT; RIVER; DETACHMENT; CARBONATES AB Late Oligocene to Miocene sedimentary strata of the Lake Mead, Nevada, region hold evidence that can test models of central Basin and Range extension and tectonic evolution and illuminate paleodrainage systems related to the carving of the Grand Canyon. In this region, Sevier contraction and a period of relative tectonic quiescence predate Miocene extension and magmatism. The herein revised Rainbow Gardens Formation, formerly the oldest member of the Horse Spring Formation, is found throughout the Lake Mead area and spans the transition from quiescence to the start of extension. New detailed stratigraphic work within the Rainbow Gardens Formation, including paleocurrent analyses, stable isotope geochemical data, new Ar-40/Ar-39 dates, tephrochronologic data, and ongoing structural studies, was used to build a detailed chronostratigraphic framework and reconstruct the Rainbow Gardens basin through time. Our results show that the basin formed by a combination of inherited topography and tectonic events outside the Lake Mead region prior to ca. 25 Ma. Sedimentation rates, sedimentary facies patterns, and the lack of evidence for syndepositional faulting indicate that the basin did not form during extensional faulting, although recent work suggests that this basin was modified by uplift to the south between 18 and 20 Ma. Initially, the basin recorded fluvial sedimentation within the center of an E-NE-trending inherited valley, with two facing gravel-dominated bajadas on either side. As the valley filled, rivers from the Caliente volcanic field to the north delivered an influx of volcaniclastic material into a broad area of marshes and ephemeral lakes. In the final stages of sedimentation, just prior to the onset of extension at ca. 17 Ma, the basin filled with limestone in a series of shallow lakes. Understanding the development and evolution of this basin is crucial for testing models of extension as recorded by the younger Horse Spring Formation. In addition, the detailed sedimentology and stratigraphy place constraints on models of the formation of the Grand Canyon and suggest that a paleo-Colorado River did not deposit sediment in the Lake Mead area between 25 and 17 Ma. This work highlights the importance of detailed basin analyses, which are crucial companions to structural, tectonic, and geomorphologic studies aimed at understanding the complex evolution of lithospheric and landscape changes across a large region. C1 [Lamb, Melissa; Hickson, Thomas; Schleicher, Jillian] Univ St Thomas, Geol Dept OWS 153, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Umhoefer, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Dunbar, Nelia; McIntosh, William] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lamb, M (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Geol Dept OWS 153, 2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM malamb@stthomas.edu OI Schleicher, Jillian/0000-0002-2077-5589 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0838340, EAR-0838596] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0838340 to Lamb and Hickson at the University of St. Thomas and grant EAR-0838596 to Umhoefer at Northern Arizona University. We thank the numerous St. Thomas undergraduates and Northern Arizona University graduate students who participated in the research, including Rory San Filippo, Matt Schmitt, Martin Sitton, and Rachelle Wagner. We also thank Kevin Theissen, Jessica Kopp, Katrina Korman, Luke Martin, Rachel Piotraschke, and Cabin Ross for field assistance and fruitful discussions. We especially thank reviewers Jim Faulds and Jim Trexler for very thorough and helpful reviews. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 127 IS 7-8 BP 899 EP 925 DI 10.1130/B31144.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO2TZ UT WOS:000359010800001 ER PT J AU Bourne, MD Feinberg, JM Strauss, BE Hardt, B Cheng, H Rowe, HD Springer, G Edwards, RL AF Bourne, Mark D. Feinberg, Joshua M. Strauss, Becky E. Hardt, Ben Cheng, Hai Rowe, Harold D. Springer, Gregory Edwards, R. Lawrence TI Long-term changes in precipitation recorded by magnetic minerals in speleothems SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTHERMAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION; CHINESE LOESS; PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; ACQUISITION CURVES; SOILS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STALAGMITES; COMPONENTS; PALEOSOLS AB Speleothems are important paleoclimate archives. Researchers typically compile measurements of stable isotopic ratios dated using high precision U-Th radiometric techniques to reconstruct regional and global climate. Magnetic material incorporated within speleothems can provide an independent means of connecting large-scale climatic changes with their impact on more localized processes in soils overlying cave systems. Under certain environmental conditions, pedogenic processes can produce magnetite nanoparticles. Enhancement of pedogenic magnetite in soil profiles depends strongly on local precipitation. Pedogenic magnetite can be subsequently transferred via drip-waters into underlying cave-systems and incorporated into speleothems as they grow. Here, we employ high-resolution magnetic methods to analyze a well-dated stalagmite from Buckeye Creek Cave, West Virginia (USA), and find that changes in magnetite concentration follow both changes in stable isotopes measured in the same stalagmite and global climate proxies. We interpret the changes in magnetite concentration as reflecting variations in local pedogenic processes, controlled by changes in regional precipitation. This record demonstrates how magnetic measurements on speleothems can constrain interpretations of speleothem climate proxies. C1 [Bourne, Mark D.; Feinberg, Joshua M.; Strauss, Becky E.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Rock Magnetism, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bourne, Mark D.; Feinberg, Joshua M.; Strauss, Becky E.; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hardt, Ben] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rowe, Harold D.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Springer, Gregory] Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Bourne, MD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Rock Magnetism, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. OI Rowe, Harry/0000-0002-1665-6261 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1316385]; Institute for Rock Magnetism, NSF/EAR Instruments and Facilities program FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-1316385 to Feinberg and by support of the Institute for Rock Magnetism by the NSF/EAR Instruments and Facilities program. We gratefully thank Ken Kodama, Andrew P. Roberts, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments that helped improve this paper. This is Institute for Rock Magnetism contribution 1504. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 43 IS 7 BP 595 EP 598 DI 10.1130/G36695.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CO2UZ UT WOS:000359013400010 ER PT J AU Vacquie, LA Houet, T Sohl, TL Reker, R Sayler, KL AF Vacquie, Laure A. Houet, Thomas Sohl, Terry L. Reker, Ryan Sayler, Kristi L. TI Modelling regional land change scenarios to assess land abandonment and reforestation dynamics in the Pyrenees (France) SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pyrenees; Land use change; Land cover change; Land abandonment; Mountain landscape; Reforestation; LULC Model ID LANDSCAPE; FUTURE; COVER; EUROPE; SIMULATION; ALPS AB Over the last decades and centuries, European mountain landscapes have experienced substantial transformations. Natural and anthropogenic LULC changes (land use and land cover changes), especially agro-pastoral activities, have directly influenced the spatial organization and composition of European mountain landscapes. For the past sixty years, natural reforestation has been occurring due to a decline in both agricultural production activities and rural population. Stakeholders, to better anticipate future changes, need spatially and temporally explicit models to identify areas at risk of land change and possible abandonment. This paper presents an integrated approach combining forecasting scenarios and a LULC changes simulation model to assess where LULC changes may occur in the Pyrenees Mountains, based on historical LULC trends and a range of future socio-economic drivers. The proposed methodology considers local specificities of the Pyrenean valleys, sub-regional climate and topographical properties, and regional economic policies. Results indicate that some regions are projected to face strong abandonment, regardless of the scenario conditions. Overall, high rates of change are associated with administrative regions where land productivity is highly dependent on socio-economic drivers and climatic and environmental conditions limit intensive (agricultural and/or pastoral) production and profitability. The combination of the results for the four scenarios allows assessments of where encroachment (e.g. colonization by shrublands) and reforestation are the most probable. This assessment intends to provide insight into the potential future development of the Pyrenees to help identify areas that are the most sensitive to change and to guide decision makers to help their management decisions. C1 [Vacquie, Laure A.; Houet, Thomas] Toulouse Jean Jaures Univ, GEODE Lab, F-31000 Toulouse, France. [Sohl, Terry L.; Sayler, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Reker, Ryan] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Vacquie, LA (reprint author), Toulouse Jean Jaures Univ, GEODE Lab, 5 Alleys Antonio Machado, F-31000 Toulouse, France. EM laure.vacquie@univ-tlse2.fr; thomas.houet@univ-tlse2.fr; sohl@usgs.gov; rreker@usgs.gov; sayler@usgs.gov RI Reker, Ryan/G-4875-2016; OI Reker, Ryan/0000-0001-7524-0082; Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU MODE RESPYR project [ANR 2010 JCJC 1804-01] FX This work was supported by the MODE RESPYR project (ANR 2010 JCJC 1804-01) founded by the French National Science Agency (ANR). We would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 27 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6316 EI 1993-0321 J9 J MT SCI-ENGL JI J Mt. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 BP 905 EP 920 DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3405-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN8EP UT WOS:000358671900010 ER PT J AU Seabloom, EW Borer, ET Buckley, YM Cleland, EE Davies, KF Firn, J Harpole, WS Hautier, Y Lind, EM MacDougall, AS Orrock, JL Prober, SM Adler, PB Anderson, TM Bakker, JD Biederman, LA Blumenthal, DM Brown, CS Brudvig, LA Cadotte, M Chu, CJ Cottingham, KL Crawley, MJ Damschen, EI Dantonio, CM DeCrappeo, NM Du, GZ Fay, PA Frater, P Gruner, DS Hagenah, N Hector, A Hillebrand, H Hofmockel, KS Humphries, HC Jin, VL Kay, A Kirkman, KP Klein, JA Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ Ladwig, L Lambrinos, JG Li, Q Li, W Marushia, R McCulley, RL Melbourne, BA Mitchell, CE Moore, JL Morgan, J Mortensen, B O'Halloran, LR Pyke, DA Risch, AC Sankaran, M Schuetz, M Simonsen, A Smith, MD Stevens, CJ Sullivan, L Wolkovich, E Wragg, PD Wright, J Yang, L AF Seabloom, Eric W. Borer, Elizabeth T. Buckley, Yvonne M. Cleland, Elsa E. Davies, Kendi F. Firn, Jennifer Harpole, W. Stanley Hautier, Yann Lind, Eric M. MacDougall, Andrew S. Orrock, John L. Prober, Suzanne M. Adler, Peter B. Anderson, T. Michael Bakker, Jonathan D. Biederman, Lori A. Blumenthal, Dana M. Brown, Cynthia S. Brudvig, Lars A. Cadotte, Marc Chu, Chengjin Cottingham, Kathryn L. Crawley, Michael J. Damschen, Ellen I. Dantonio, Carla M. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Du, Guozhen Fay, Philip A. Frater, Paul Gruner, Daniel S. Hagenah, Nicole Hector, Andy Hillebrand, Helmut Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Humphries, Hope C. Jin, Virginia L. Kay, Adam Kirkman, Kevin P. Klein, Julia A. Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. Ladwig, Laura Lambrinos, John G. Li, Qi Li, Wei Marushia, Robin McCulley, Rebecca L. Melbourne, Brett A. Mitchell, Charles E. Moore, Joslin L. Morgan, John Mortensen, Brent O'Halloran, Lydia R. Pyke, David A. Risch, Anita C. Sankaran, Mahesh Schuetz, Martin Simonsen, Anna Smith, Melinda D. Stevens, Carly J. Sullivan, Lauren Wolkovich, Elizabeth Wragg, Peter D. Wright, Justin Yang, Louie TI Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ALIEN INVASIVE PLANTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; DIVERGENCE; RESOURCES; CONSUMER AB Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands. C1 [Seabloom, Eric W.; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Hautier, Yann; Lind, Eric M.; Wragg, Peter D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Ctr Biodivers Res, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Davies, Kendi F.; Melbourne, Brett A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Earth Environm & Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Harpole, W. Stanley] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Physiol Div, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Harpole, W. Stanley] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Harpole, W. Stanley] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06108 Halle, Germany. [Hautier, Yann] Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, Ecol & Biodivers Grp, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [MacDougall, Andrew S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Orrock, John L.; Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Prober, Suzanne M.] CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Wembley, Australia. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Anderson, T. Michael] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Biederman, Lori A.; Frater, Paul; Hofmockel, Kirsten S.; Li, Wei; Mortensen, Brent; Sullivan, Lauren] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brudvig, Lars A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cadotte, Marc] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Chu, Chengjin; Du, Guozhen] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Cottingham, Kathryn L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Crawley, Michael J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Dantonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Hagenah, Nicole] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol, Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Hector, Andy] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Hillebrand, Helmut] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Humphries, Hope C.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kay, Adam] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [La Pierre, Kimberly J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ladwig, Laura] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lambrinos, John G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Li, Qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Northwest Inst Plateau Biol, Qinghai 810008, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei] Southwest Forestry Univ, Yunnan Acad Biodivers, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Marushia, Robin] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada. [McCulley, Rebecca L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Res Ctr Urban Ecol, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Moore, Joslin L.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Morgan, John] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Risch, Anita C.; Schuetz, Martin] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Sankaran, Mahesh] Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Simonsen, Anna] Univ Toronto St George, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada. [Smith, Melinda D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Wolkovich, Elizabeth] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wright, Justin] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Yang, Louie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seabloom, EW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM seabloom@umn.edu RI Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; MacDougall, Andrew/F-2037-2011; Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; OI Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Lind, Eric/0000-0003-3051-7724; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547; Biederman, Lori/0000-0003-2171-7898 FU National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network [NSF-DEB-1042132]; Long Term Ecological Research [NSF-DEB-1234162]; Institute on the Environment [DG-0001-13] FX This work was generated using data from the Nutrient Network (http://nutnet.org) experiment, funded at the site scale by individual researchers. Coordination and data management have been supported by funding to E. Borer and E. Seabloom from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF-DEB-1042132), Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-DEB-1234162 to Cedar Creek LTER) programs and the Institute on the Environment (DG-0001-13). We also thank the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute for hosting project data. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 23 U2 115 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7710 DI 10.1038/ncomms8710 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0RA UT WOS:000358858500016 PM 26173623 ER PT J AU Oviatt, CG Madsen, DB Miller, DM Thompson, RS McGeehin, JP AF Oviatt, Charles G. Madsen, David B. Miller, David M. Thompson, Robert S. McGeehin, John P. TI Early Holocene Great Salt Lake, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eastern Great Basin; Great Salt Lake; early Holocene climate; sapropel; radiocarbon dating ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WIND-RIVER RANGE; BONNEVILLE BASIN; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; C-14 DATA; UTAH; VEGETATION AB Shorelines and surficial deposits (including buried forest-floor mats and organic-rich wetland sediments) show that Great Salt Lake did not rise higher than modern lake levels during the earliest Holocene (11.5-10.2 cal ka BP; 10-9 C-14 ka BP). During that period, finely laminated, organic-rich muds (sapropel) containing brine-shrimp cysts and pellets and interbedded sodium-sulfate salts were deposited on the lake floor. Sapropel deposition was probably caused by stratification of the water column a freshwater cap possibly was formed by groundwater, which had been stored in upland aquifers during the immediately preceding late-Pleistocene deep-lake cycle (Lake Bonneville), and was actively discharging on the basin floor. A climate characterized by low precipitation and runoff, combined with local areas of groundwater discharge in piedmont settings, could explain the apparent conflict between evidence for a shallow lake (a dry climate) and previously published interpretations for a moist climate in the Great Salt Lake basin of the eastern Great Basin. (C) 2015 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Madsen, David B.] Lanzhou Univ, Res Sch Arid Environm & Climate Change, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thompson, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Oviatt, CG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Thompson Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM joviatt@ksu.edu NR 76 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 84 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.001 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CO0CE UT WOS:000358816900006 ER PT J AU Colman, JA Nogueira, JI Pancorbo, OC Batdorf, CA Block, BA AF Colman, John A. Nogueira, Jacob I. Pancorbo, Oscar C. Batdorf, Carol A. Block, Barbara A. TI Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis): bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EAST CHINA SEA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; THYNNUS-ORIENTALIS; CHEMICAL FORM; NORTH-PACIFIC; FOOD WEBS; METHYLMERCURY; FISH; CALIFORNIA; WATERS AB Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) have the largest home range of any tuna species and are well known for the capacity to make transoceanic migrations. We report the measurement of mercury (Hg) concentrations in wild Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT), the first reported with known size-of-fish and capture location. The results indicate juvenile PBFT that are recently arrived in the California Current from the western Pacific Ocean have significantly higher Hg concentrations in white muscle (0.51 mu g.g(-1) wet mass, wm) than PBFT of longer California Current residency (0.41 mu g.g(-1) wm). These new arrivals are also higher in Hg concentration than PBFT in farm pens (0.43 mu g.g(-1) wm) that were captured on arrival in the California Current and raised in pens on locally derived feed. Analysis by direct Hg analyzer and attention to Hg by tissue type and location on the fish allowed precise comparisons of mercury among wild and captive fish populations. Analysis of migration and nearshore residency, determined through extensive archival tagging, bioaccumulation models, trophic investigations, and potential coastal sources of methylmercury, indicates Hg bioaccumulation is likely greater for PBFT juvenile habitats in the western Pacific Ocean (East China Sea, Yellow Sea) than in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California Current). Differential bioaccumulation may be a trophic effect or reflect methylmercury availability, with potential sources for coastal China (large hypoxic continental shelf receiving discharge of three large rivers, and island-arc volcanism) different from those for coastal Baja California (small continental shelf, no large rivers, spreading-center volcanism). C1 [Colman, John A.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Nogueira, Jacob I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Pancorbo, Oscar C.; Batdorf, Carol A.] Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA. [Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Colman, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM jacolman@usgs.gov FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation; Stanford University; Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection; US Geological Survey FX We thank the captains and crew of the F/V Shogun for their efforts supporting the collection of bluefin tuna for research. We thank Ethan Estess, who collected and sent some of the samples analyzed in the study; Charles Farwell, Alex Norton, and the staff of the Tuna Research and Conservation Center (Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California) for feeding and maintaining tuna populations. We thank the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation, Stanford University, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the US Geological Survey for funding. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1023 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0476 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN7IM UT WOS:000358607900006 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA Johnson, D Roberts, BJ AF Middleton, Beth A. Johnson, Darren Roberts, Brian J. TI Hydrologic remediation for the Deepwater Horizon incident drove ancillary primary production increase in coastal swamps SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Restoring Functional Riparian Ecosystems - Concepts and Applications Symposium at the 5th World Conference on Ecological Restoration CY 2013 CL Madison, WI DE saltwater intrusion; Taxodium distichum; tidal freshwater swamp; oil spill ID FLOODPLAIN FOREST; RIVER; LOUISIANA; RESTORATION; WETLAND; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ALLOCATION; IMPACTS; IMPROVE AB As coastal wetlands subside worldwide, there is an urgency to understand the hydrologic drivers and dynamics of plant production and peat accretion. One incidental test of the effects of high rates of discharge on forested wetland production occurred in response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon incident, in which all diversions in Louisiana were operated at or near their maximum discharge level for an extended period to keep offshore oil from threatened coastal wetlands. Davis Pond Diversion was operated at six times the normal discharge levels for almost 4months, so that Taxodium distichum swamps downstream of the diversion experienced greater inundation and lower salinity. After this remediation event in 2010, above-ground litter production increased by 2.7 times of production levels in 2007-2011. Biomass of the leaf and reproductive tissues of several species increased; wood litter was minimal and did not change during this period. Root production decreased in 2010 but subsequently returned to pre-remediation values in 2011. Both litter and root production remained high in the second growing season after hydrologic remediation. Annual tree growth (circumference increment) was not significantly altered by the remediation. The potential of freshwater pulses for regulating tidal swamp production is further supported by observations of higher T.distichum growth in lower salinity and/or pulsed environments across the U.S. Gulf Coast. Usage of freshwater pulses to manage altered estuaries deserves further consideration, particularly because the timing and duration of such pulses could influence both primary production and peat accretion. (c) 2015 The Authors. Ecohydrology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Johnson, Darren] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Roberts, Brian J.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium LUMCON, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [DEB-1049838] FX This work is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Science Foundation (DEB-1049838). Special thanks are given to Evelyn Anemaet, Mel McCullough, Samantha Primer, Justin Stelly, Lei Ting, and Guodong Wang for their field assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 SI SI BP 838 EP 850 DI 10.1002/eco.1625 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CN6IR UT WOS:000358538800009 ER PT J AU Broadbent, CD Brookshire, DS Goodrich, D Dixon, MD Brand, LA Thacher, J Stewart, S AF Broadbent, Craig D. Brookshire, David S. Goodrich, David Dixon, Mark D. Brand, L. Arriana Thacher, Jennifer Stewart, Steve TI Valuing preservation and restoration alternatives for ecosystem services in the southwestern USA SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Restoring Functional Riparian Ecosystems - Concepts and Applications Symposium at the 5th World Conference on Ecological Restoration CY 2013 CL Madison, WI DE willingness to pay; restoration; preservation; contingent valuation; ecological endpoints ID SAN-PEDRO RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION; CONTINGENT VALUATION; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; ARIZONA; GROUNDWATER; EXISTENCE; RESPONSES; OPTION; REGIME AB Conservation of freshwater ecosystems in the semi-arid southwestern USA is a critical issue as these systems support habitat for wildlife and provide consumptive use for humankind. Economists have utilized stated preference techniques to value non-marketed goods and services such as freshwater ecosystems for much of the last four decades. Recently, Boyd and Banzhaf (2007) have advocated for ecosystem accounting units to be created in valuing ecosystem services such as freshwater ecosystems. Working collectively, a team of physical and social scientists developed a set of ecological endpoints for two river regions in the southwestern USA and used these ecological endpoints in a contingent valuation survey to obtain willingness to pay values for restoration and preservation alternatives. The results demonstrate statistically significant preservation and restoration estimates for the Upper San Pedro and restoration estimates for the Middle Rio Grande ecosystems. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Broadbent, Craig D.] Illinois Wesleyan Univ, Econ, Bloomington, IL 61701 USA. [Brookshire, David S.; Thacher, Jennifer] Univ New Mexico, Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Goodrich, David] ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dixon, Mark D.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Brand, L. Arriana] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Stewart, Steve] Adams State Univ, Econ, Alamosa, CO USA. RP Broadbent, CD (reprint author), Illinois Wesleyan Univ, Econ, 205 E Beecher St, Bloomington, IL 61701 USA. EM cbroadbe@iwu.edu RI Dixon, Mark/F-2641-2011 OI Dixon, Mark/0000-0002-0345-5655 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 'Integrated Modeling and Ecological Valuation'; EPA STAR GRANT Program [2003-STAR-G2]; SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800]; Science Impact Laboratory for Policy and Economics through the U.S. Geologic Survey's Science and Decision Center [G10AC00303] FX This research is supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 'Integrated Modeling and Ecological Valuation,' EPA STAR GRANT Program #2003-STAR-G2, in part by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800 (work related to the avian component), and the Science Impact Laboratory for Policy and Economics through the U.S. Geologic Survey's Science and Decision Center cooperative agreement #G10AC00303, and with in kind contributions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service, Hawks Aloft Inc and The Nature Conservancy. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 SI SI BP 851 EP 862 DI 10.1002/eco.1628 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CN6IR UT WOS:000358538800010 ER PT J AU Perry, LG Reynolds, LV Beechie, TJ Collins, MJ Shafroth, PB AF Perry, Laura G. Reynolds, Lindsay V. Beechie, Timothy J. Collins, Mathias J. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Incorporating climate change projections into riparian restoration planning and design SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Restoring Functional Riparian Ecosystems - Concepts and Applications Symposium at the 5th World Conference on Ecological Restoration CY 2013 CL Madison, WI DE climate adaptation; global change; hydrology; ecological restoration; riparian ecosystems; river management; streamflow ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE FLOW EXPERIMENTS; RIVER RESTORATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MANAGEMENT DECISIONS; STREAM RESTORATION; NORTH-AMERICA; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE AB Climate change and associated changes in streamflow may alter riparian habitats substantially in coming decades. Riparian restoration provides opportunities to respond proactively to projected climate change effects, increase riparian ecosystem resilience to climate change, and simultaneously address effects of both climate change and other human disturbances. However, climate change may alter which restoration methods are most effective and which restoration goals can be achieved. Incorporating climate change into riparian restoration planning and design is critical to long-term restoration of desired community composition and ecosystem services. In this review, we discuss and provide examples of how climate change might be incorporated into restoration planning at the key stages of assessing the project context, establishing restoration goals and design criteria, evaluating design alternatives, and monitoring restoration outcomes. Restoration planners have access to numerous tools to predict future climate, streamflow, and riparian ecology at restoration sites. Planners can use those predictions to assess which species or ecosystem services will be most vulnerable under future conditions, and which sites will be most suitable for restoration. To accommodate future climate and streamflow change, planners may need to adjust methods for planting, invasive species control, channel and floodplain reconstruction, and water management. Given the considerable uncertainty in future climate and streamflow projections, riparian ecological responses, and effects on restoration outcomes, planners will need to consider multiple potential future scenarios, implement a variety of restoration methods, design projects with flexibility to adjust to future conditions, and plan to respond adaptively to unexpected change. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Perry, Laura G.; Reynolds, Lindsay V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Perry, Laura G.; Reynolds, Lindsay V.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Perry, LG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM perryl@usgs.gov OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 NR 203 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 SI SI BP 863 EP 879 DI 10.1002/eco.1645 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CN6IR UT WOS:000358538800011 ER PT J AU Castle, KT Weller, TJ Cryan, PM Hein, CD Schirmacher, MR AF Castle, Kevin T. Weller, Theodore J. Cryan, Paul M. Hein, Cris D. Schirmacher, Michael R. TI Using sutures to attach miniature tracking tags to small bats for multimonth movement and behavioral studies SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Data logger; Eptesicus fuscus; geolocator; GPS tracking; Lasiurus cinereus; migration; movement ecology; satellite tracking; telemetry ID FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; INSECTIVOROUS BAT; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; MYOTIS-SODALIS; MIGRATION; LASIURUS; SCALE AB Determining the detailed movements of individual animals often requires them to carry tracking devices, but tracking broad-scale movement of small bats (<30g) has been limited by transmitter technology and long-term attachment methods. This limitation inhibits our understanding of bat dispersal and migration, particularly in the context of emerging conservation issues such as fatalities at wind turbines and diseases. We tested a novel method of attaching lightweight global positioning system (GPS) tags and geolocating data loggers to small bats. We used monofilament, synthetic, absorbable sutures to secure GPS tags and data loggers to the skin of anesthetized big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Colorado and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) in California. GPS tags and data loggers were sutured to 17 bats in this study. Three tagged bats were recaptured 7months after initial deployment, with tags still attached; none of these bats showed ill effects from the tag. No severe injuries were apparent upon recapture of 6 additional bats that carried tags up to 26days after attachment; however, one of the bats exhibited skin chafing. Use of absorbable sutures to affix small tracking devices seems to be a safe, effective method for studying movements of bats over multiple months, although additional testing is warranted. This new attachment method has the potential to quickly advance our understanding of small bats, particularly as more sophisticated miniature tracking devices (e.g., satellite tags) become available. C1 [Castle, Kevin T.] Wildlife Vet Consulting, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Weller, Theodore J.] United States Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hein, Cris D.; Schirmacher, Michael R.] Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX USA. RP Castle, KT (reprint author), Wildlife Vet Consulting, 2751 Bianco Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM castlekt@gmail.com OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and U.S. Geological Survey. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 5 IS 14 BP 2980 EP 2989 DI 10.1002/ece3.1584 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CN5EN UT WOS:000358452700019 PM 26306181 ER PT J AU Foley, K Rosenberger, A Mueter, F AF Foley, Kevin Rosenberger, Amanda Mueter, Franz TI Effectiveness of single-pass backpack electrofishing to estimate juvenile coho salmon abundance in Alaskan headwater streams SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sampling efficiency; Validation methods; Salmonids; Headwater streams ID MARK-RECAPTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT AB The use of techniques with low or inconsistent sampling efficiency may lead to erroneous estimates of abundance. Although an increase in sampling intensity can improve sampling efficiency and precision, its cost can limit a study's spatial extent. A low-effort approach may be preferred for landscape-scale studies of fish distribution and abundance; however, this requires information on whether the low-effort sampling is vulnerable to habitat-mediated bias and imprecision of the estimator. To determine how habitat features affected sampling efficiency of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in headwater streams of the Little Susitna drainage, Alaska, we validated single-pass backpack electrofishing methods with closed population mark-recapture sampling. We found that habitat features, such as stream size and density of wood debris, had no measurable or consistent effect on sampling efficiency within the range of conditions present in these headwater systems, and single-pass catch explained 94.8 % of the observed variation in log-transformed mark-recapture estimates. This suggests that low-effort methods in headwater streams of the Little Susitna River can approximate actual fish numbers without accounting for habitat covariates that may influence sampling efficiency, and the advantage of sampling a greater spatial extent may sufficiently offset any concerns over low estimator precision. C1 [Foley, Kevin; Rosenberger, Amanda; Mueter, Franz] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Foley, Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. RP Foley, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kevin_foley@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage Field Office FX This project received Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval under IRBNet ID 157737-5. We thank Phillip Taylor, Casey Smith, Parke Loyd, Danielle McClain, Sydney Clark, Sarah Laske, Jonathon Gerken, and Doug McBride for assistance with field data collection. We also thank the many landowners throughout the study region who granted access across their property to our study sites, most notably Scott and Linda Schwald. We also thank Justin Carney and Nicholas Smith for their assistance in data analyses. We thank Sarah Laske and Trevor Haynes for their assistance and helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage Field Office. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 EI 1444-2906 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 81 IS 4 BP 601 EP 610 DI 10.1007/s12562-015-0888-1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CN2MZ UT WOS:000358257100002 ER PT J AU Whiteley, AR Coombs, JA Cembrola, M O'Donnell, MJ Hudy, M Nislow, KH Letcher, BH AF Whiteley, Andrew R. Coombs, Jason A. Cembrola, Matthew O'Donnell, Matthew J. Hudy, Mark Nislow, Keith H. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Effective number of breeders provides a link between interannual variation in stream flow and individual reproductive contribution in a stream salmonid SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE effective number of breeders; genetic monitoring; linkage disequilibrium; stream fishes; stream flow ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; N-E; LIFE-HISTORY; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; STEELHEAD TROUT; HABITAT; DISEQUILIBRIUM AB The effective number of breeders that give rise to a cohort (N-b) is a promising metric for genetic monitoring of species with overlapping generations; however, more work is needed to understand factors that contribute to variation in this measure in natural populations. We tested hypotheses related to interannual variation in N-b in two long-term studies of brook trout populations. We found no supporting evidence for our initial hypothesis that (N) over cap (b) reflects (N) over cap (c) (defined as the number of adults in a population at the time of reproduction). (N) over cap (b) was stable relative to (N) over cap (C) and did not follow trends in abundance (one stream negative, the other positive). We used stream flow estimates to test the alternative hypothesis that environmental factors constrain N-b. We observed an intermediate optimum autumn stream flow for both (N) over cap (b) (R-2=0.73, P=0.02) and full-sibling family evenness (R-2=0.77, P=0.01) in one population and a negative correlation between autumn stream flow and full-sib family evenness in the other population (r=-0.95, P=0.02). Evidence for greater reproductive skew at the lowest and highest autumn flow was consistent with suboptimal conditions at flow extremes. A series of additional tests provided no supporting evidence for a related hypothesis that density-dependent reproductive success was responsible for the lack of relationship between N-b and N-C (so-called genetic compensation). This work provides evidence that N-b is a useful metric of population-specific individual reproductive contribution for genetic monitoring across populations and the link we provide between stream flow and N-b could be used to help predict population resilience to environmental change. C1 [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.; Cembrola, Matthew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Whiteley, Andrew R.; Coombs, Jason A.; Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [O'Donnell, Matthew J.; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Hudy, Mark] US Geol Survey, Ecosyst, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Whiteley, AR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM awhiteley@eco.umass.edu FU U.S. Forest Service and National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst [14] FX We thank many students, staff and interns for help with sample collection from the Massachusetts and Virginia study sites. Genotypic data were collected by M. Page, S. Jane, M. Burak and G. Mendez. Stream flow data for FG were provided by D. Downey and D. Kirk. R. Kovach, Z. Robinson, M. Hansen and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. A. Whiteley received support from the U.S. Forest Service and National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Environmental Conservation Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, under project number MAS # 14. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 14 BP 3585 EP 3602 DI 10.1111/mec.13273 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CN1EX UT WOS:000358161300008 PM 26080621 ER PT J AU Sarr, DA Duff, A Dinger, EC Shafer, SL Wing, M Seavy, NE Alexander, JD AF Sarr, Daniel A. Duff, Andrew Dinger, Eric C. Shafer, Sarah L. Wing, Michael Seavy, Nathaniel E. Alexander, John D. TI Comparing Ecoregional Classifications for Natural Areas Management in the Klamath Region, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bailey ecoregions; Klamath Region; management domains; Omernik ecoregions; World Wildlife Fund ecoregions ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATIONS; SISKIYOU ECOREGION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA; FORESTS; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS AB We compared three existing ecoregional classification schemes (Bailey, Omernik, and World Wildlife Fund) with two derived schemes (Omernik Revised and Climate Zones) to explore their effectiveness in explaining species distributions and to better understand natural resource geography in the Klamath Region, USA. We analyzed presence/absence data derived from digital distribution maps for trees, amphibians, large mammals, small mammals, migrant birds, and resident birds using three statistical analyses of classification accuracy (Analysis of Similarity, Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates, and Classification Strength). The classifications were roughly comparable in classification accuracy, with Omernik Revised showing the best overall performance. Trees showed the strongest fidelity to the classifications, and large mammals showed the weakest fidelity. We discuss the implications for regional biogeography and describe how intermediate resolution ecoregional classifications may be appropriate for use as natural areas management domains. C1 [Sarr, Daniel A.; Dinger, Eric C.] Klamath Network Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Duff, Andrew] Wildlife Surv Data Management, Wildlife Sci Div, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wing, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Engn Resources & Management Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Seavy, Nathaniel E.] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Pacif Coast & Cent Valley Grp, Petaluma, CA USA. [Alexander, John D.] Klamath Bird Observ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Sarr, DA (reprint author), USGS, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dsarr@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX We thank Phillip van Mantgem and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of the text. S. Shafer was supported by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 360 EP 377 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA CN2NB UT WOS:000358257300002 ER PT J AU Halsey, SJ Bell, TJ McEachern, K Pavlovic, NB AF Halsey, Samniqueka J. Bell, Timothy J. McEachern, Kathryn Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Comparison of reintroduction and enhancement effects on metapopulation viability SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE active management; metapopulation dynamics; model validation; pitcher's thistle; probability of extinction; restoration ID THREATENED PITCHERS THISTLE; CIRSIUM-PITCHERI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PLANT; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; RESTORATION; EXTINCTION; LANDSCAPE AB Metapopulation viability depends upon a balance of extinction and colonization of local habitats by a species. Mechanisms that can affect this balance include physical characteristics related to natural processes (e.g. succession) as well as anthropogenic actions. Plant restorations can help to produce favorable metapopulation dynamics and consequently increase viability; however, to date no studies confirm this is true. Population viability analysis (PVA) allows for the use of empirical data to generate theoretical future projections in the form of median time to extinction and probability of extinction. In turn, PVAs can inform and aid the development of conservation, recovery, and management plans. Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) is a dune endemic that exhibited metapopulation dynamics. We projected viability of three natural and two restored populations with demographic data spanning 15-23 years to determine the degree the addition of reintroduced population affects metapopulation viability. The models were validated by comparing observed and projected abundances and adjusting parameters associated with demographic and environmental stochasticity to improve model performance. Our chosen model correctly predicted yearly population abundance for 60% of the population-years. Using that model, 50-year projections showed that the addition of reintroductions increases metapopulation viability. The reintroduction that simulated population performance in early-successional habitats had the maximum benefit. In situ enhancements of existing populations proved to be equally effective. This study shows that restorations can facilitate and improve metapopulation viability of species dependent on metapopulation dynamics for survival with long-term persistence of C. pitcheri in Indiana likely to depend on continued active management. C1 [Halsey, Samniqueka J.; Bell, Timothy J.] Chicago State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60628 USA. [McEachern, Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Halsey, SJ (reprint author), Morton Arboretum, 4100 IL Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. EM shalsey@mortonarb.org FU NPS; U.S. Geological Survey; NSF [DEB 0516058]; USFWS FX Cirsium pitcheri demographic data were collected in collaboration with J. Stumpf and assisted by numerous technicians and volunteers over the years; with funding from NPS, U.S. Geological Survey and NSF award DEB 0516058 to K. Havens, T. Bell, M. Bowles, C. Jolls, and K. McEachern. Population modeling was done at Chicago State University in collaboration with the Morton Arboretum, with funding from USFWS. We thank M. Bowles, J. McBride and two anonymous reviewers for discussion and feedback. We especially thank the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and Indiana Department of Natural Resources for their past and ongoing collaboration on dune management, with enduring commitment to C. pitcheri conservation in Indiana. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1111/rec.12191 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0TT UT WOS:000358127300008 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Faulkner, SP Keeland, BD Baldwin, MJ McCoy, JW Hughes, SC AF De Steven, Diane Faulkner, Stephen P. Keeland, Bobby D. Baldwin, Michael J. McCoy, John W. Hughes, Steven C. TI Understory vegetation as an indicator for floodplain forest restoration in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE afforestation; bottomland hardwoods; Conservation Effects Assessment Project; wetland ecosystem services; wetland restoration; Wetlands Reserve Program ID WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAM; SPECIES COMPOSITION; REESTABLISHMENT; REFORESTATION; BOTTOMLANDS; AMPHIBIANS; DIVERSITY; HYDROLOGY; GRADIENT; BENEFITS AB In the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MAV), complete alteration of river-floodplain hydrology allowed for widespread conversion of forested bottomlands to intensive agriculture, resulting in nearly 80% forest loss. Governmental programs have attempted to restore forest habitat and functions within this altered landscape by the methods of tree planting (afforestation) and local hydrologic enhancement on reclaimed croplands. Early assessments identified factors that influenced whether planting plus tree colonization could establish an overstory community similar to natural bottomland forests. The extent to which afforested sites develop typical understory vegetation has not been evaluated, yet understory composition may be indicative of restored site conditions. As part of a broad study quantifying the ecosystem services gained from restoration efforts, understory vegetation was compared between 37 afforested sites and 26 mature forest sites. Differences in vegetation attributes for species growth forms, wetland indicator classes, and native status were tested with univariate analyses; floristic composition data were analyzed by multivariate techniques. Understory vegetation of restoration sites was generally hydrophytic, but species composition differed from that of mature bottomland forest because of young successional age and differing responses of plant growth forms. Attribute and floristic variation among restoration sites was related to variation in canopy development and local wetness conditions, which in turn reflected both intrinsic site features and outcomes of restoration practices. Thus, understory vegetation is a useful indicator of functional progress in floodplain forest restoration. C1 [De Steven, Diane; Hughes, Steven C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Faulkner, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Keeland, Bobby D.; Baldwin, Michael J.; McCoy, John W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us RI Baldwin, Michael/G-9965-2014 OI Baldwin, Michael/0000-0002-7865-6590 FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (Conservation Effects Assessment Project); Farm Service Agency; U.S. Geological Survey; USDA Forest Service FX Funding was provided by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (Conservation Effects Assessment Project) and Farm Service Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the USDA Forest Service. We thank Diane Eckles and William Effland for their leadership of CEAP-Wetlands. We also thank personnel of the NRCS, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, LA Dept. of Wildlife & Fisheries, and MS Dept. of Wildlife, Fisheries & Parks for facilitating site selection and logistics, and the landowners for access to WRP sites. Rebecca Moss, Erika Steltzer, Phillip Vasseur, Carl Smith, and Ben Maddox provided field and lab support. Statistical advice and manuscript comments were provided by Ray Souter and by William Conner and Katherine Elliott. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply U.S. Government endorsement. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1111/rec.12210 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0TT UT WOS:000358127300011 ER PT J AU Carey, CS Jones, JW Butler, RS Hallerman, EM AF Carey, Caitlin S. Jones, Jess W. Butler, Robert S. Hallerman, Eric M. TI Restoring the endangered oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis) to the upper Clinch River, Virginia: an evaluation of population restoration techniques SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial infestation of host fishes; augmentation; endangered species; freshwater mussels; laboratory propagated; reintroduction; translocation ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; TRANSLOCATION; UNIONIDAE; TENNESSEE; ECOLOGY; USA AB From 2005 to 2011, the federally endangered freshwater mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis (oyster mussel) was reintroduced at three sites in the upper Clinch River, Virginia, using four release techniques. These release techniques were (1) translocation of adults (site 1, n = 1418), (2) release of laboratory-propagated sub-adults (site 1, n = 2851), (3) release of 8-week-old laboratory-propagated juveniles (site 2, n = 9501), and (4) release of artificially infested host fishes (site 3, n = 1116 host fishes). These restoration efforts provided a unique research opportunity to compare the effectiveness of techniques used to reestablish populations of extirpated and declining species. We evaluated the relative success of these four population restoration approaches via monitoring at each release site (2011-2012) using systematic 0.25-m(2) quadrat sampling to estimate abundance and post-release survival. Abundances of translocated adult and laboratory-propagated sub-adult E. capsaeformis at site 1 ranged 577-645 and 1678-1700 individuals, respectively, signifying successful settlement and high post-release survival. Two untagged individuals (29.1 and 27.3 mm) were observed, indicating that recruitment is occurring at site 1. No E. capsaeformis were found at sites where 8-week-old laboratory-propagated juveniles (site 2) and artificially infested host fishes (site 3) were released. Our results indicate that translocations of adults and releases of laboratory-propagated sub-adults were the most effective population restoration techniques for E. capsaeformis. We recommend that restoration efforts focus on the release of larger (>20 mm) individuals to accelerate augmenting and reintroducing populations and increase the probability for recovery of imperiled mussels. C1 [Carey, Caitlin S.; Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Butler, Robert S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville Field Off, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Carey, CS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cscarey@vt.edu FU USFWS Gloucester Field Office; USFWS Virginia Field Office; USFWS Asheville Field Office; USFWS North Carolina Field Office FX We thank the many people who helped us complete field work from the USFWS, USGS, VDGIF, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and Virginia Tech. Thanks to the USFWS Gloucester, Virginia, and Asheville, North Carolina, Field Offices for their financial support and to Dr. Marcella Kelly for her technical assistance. We especially thank Dr. Braven Beaty of TNC, Abingdon, Virginia, and Michael Pinder of VDGIF for their involvement in the project and for access to Cleveland Islands. We also thank staff at VDGIF's AWCC, Marion, Virginia, for producing and releasing the LPSAs in the Clinch River at Cleveland Islands. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the USFWS. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1111/rec.12195 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0TT UT WOS:000358127300016 ER PT J AU Marranca, JM Welsh, AB Roseman, E AF Marranca, Jamie M. Welsh, Amy B. Roseman, Edward TI Genetic effects of habitat restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes: an assessment of lake sturgeon origin and genetic diversity SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acipenser fulvescens; assignment testing; founder effect; microsatellite; spawning habitat restoration ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ST-CLAIR RIVER; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; DETROIT RIVER; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; STRAYING RATES; SPAWNING-SITE; MICHIGAN AB Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) have experienced significant habitat loss, resulting in reduced population sizes. Three artificial reefs were built in the Huron-Erie corridor in the Great Lakes to replace lost spawning habitat. Genetic data were collected to determine the source and numbers of adult lake sturgeon spawning on the reefs and to determine if the founder effect resulted in reduced genetic diversity. DNA was extracted from larval tail clips and 12 microsatellite loci were amplified. Larval genotypes were then compared to 22 previously studied spawning lake sturgeon populations in the Great Lakes to determine the source of the parental population. The effective number of breeders (N-b) was calculated for each reef cohort. The larval genotypes were then compared to the source population to determine if there were any losses in genetic diversity that are indicative of the founder effect. The St. Clair and Detroit River adult populations were found to be the source parental population for the larvae collected on all three artificial reefs. There were large numbers of contributing adults relative to the number of sampled larvae. There was no significant difference between levels of genetic diversity in the source population and larval samples from the artificial reefs; however, there is some evidence for a genetic bottleneck in the reef populations likely due to the founder effect. Habitat restoration in the Huron-Erie corridor is likely resulting in increased habitat for the large lake sturgeon population in the system and in maintenance of the population's genetic diversity. C1 [Marranca, Jamie M.; Welsh, Amy B.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Roseman, Edward] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Welsh, AB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM amy.welsh@mail.wvu.edu OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template [70]; Developing Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor; USGS Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan FX We would like to thank Kim Scribner, Michigan State University, for providing data, Pierre Duchesne, Universite Laval, for his assistance with the FLOCK software, and Pat Mazik, USGS. This work would not have been possible without the support of Nick Arend, David Bennion, Emily Bouckaert, Dustin Bowser, Jaquie Craig, Robin DeBruyne, Ellen George, Stacey Ireland, Greg Kennedy, Kelsey Lincoln, Bruce Manny, Matthew McLean, Stacy Provo, Jason Ross, Jenny Sutherland, and Patricia Thompson from USGS GLSC; James Boase, Chantelle Caldwell, Justin Chiotti, Ashley Horne, and Margaret Hutton from USFWS; Tyler Genereaux and Karen Soper from ON MNR; Trevor Pitcher from University of Windsor; and Mike Thomas from MI DNR. David Bennion and Jason Fischer from USGS assisted with graphics. The BASF Corporation provided dockage and lodging at the study area. Funding for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Project Template 70, Developing Fish Habitat Enhancement Strategies for the Huron-Erie Corridor and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. This is contribution number 1910 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1111/rec.12200 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0TT UT WOS:000358127300017 ER PT J AU Rizzolo, DJ Schmutz, JA Speakman, JR AF Rizzolo, Daniel J. Schmutz, Joel A. Speakman, John R. TI Fast and efficient: Postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE diver; energy allocation; growth rate; postnatal development ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; EASTERN BERING-SEA; BODY-WATER; METABOLIC-RATE; CO2 PRODUCTION; FLEDGING MASS; IMMER CHICKS; TERN CHICKS; ENERGETICS; SURVIVAL AB Environmental conditions can exert a strong influence on the growth and energy demands of chicks. We hypothesized that postnatal growth in a cold, aquatic environment would require a high level of energy metabolism in semiprecocial Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) chicks. We measured body-mass growth and daily energy expenditure (DEE) of free-ranging chicks in the Arctic. We used daily gains in body mass and DEE to estimate daily metabolizable energy (DME, kJ day(-1)) and total metabolizable energy (TME, kJ chick(-1)). Chicks gained body mass quickly, with a logistic growth rate constant 57% greater than the allometric prediction, yet were at only 60% of adult body mass at fledging. Males grew at a rate similar to that of females but for a slightly longer duration and so reached an asymptotic body mass 23% greater, and tarsus length 8% longer, than that of females. Chick growth performance was similar between first-and second-hatched chicks within broods of 2, which suggests that food availability was not limited. DEE increased in proportion to body mass, and DME peaked at 1,214 kJ day(-1) on day 25 posthatching. Over the average 49-day postnatal period, TME was 49.0 MJ, which is within the range of error of the allometric prediction. Parents provided 58.6 MJ as food to meet this energy requirement. Given this chick energy requirement and the range of energy content of prey observed in the chick diet, selecting prey with higher energy content would greatly reduce adult provisioning effort. Red-throated Loon chicks did not have a high postnatal energy requirement, but rather grew quickly and fledged at a small size-with the effect of reducing the length of the postnatal period and, consequently, parental energy investment in chicks. C1 [Rizzolo, Daniel J.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rizzolo, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Rizzolo, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Speakman, John R.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Rizzolo, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM djrizzolo@alaska.edu RI John, Speakman/A-9494-2008 OI John, Speakman/0000-0002-2457-1823 FU U.S. Minerals Management Service; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center's Outer Continental Shelf program; Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Betty A. Anderson Memorial Scholarship for Avian Studies FX This project was funded by the U.S. Minerals Management Service and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center's Outer Continental Shelf program. Additional support was provided by the Department of Biology and Wildlife at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. D.J.R. was partially supported by the Betty A. Anderson Memorial Scholarship for Avian Studies. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2015 VL 132 IS 3 BP 657 EP 670 DI 10.1642/AUK-14-261.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CN2YK UT WOS:000358289000014 ER PT J AU Walsh, J Shriver, WG Olsen, BJ O'Brien, KM Kovach, AI AF Walsh, Jennifer Shriver, W. Gregory Olsen, Brian J. O'Brien, Kathleen M. Kovach, Adrienne I. TI Relationship of phenotypic variation and genetic admixture in the Saltmarsh-Nelson's sparrow hybrid zone SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus caudacutus; Ammodramus nelsoni; hybridization; morphological variation; Nelson's Sparrow; plumage; Saltmarsh Sparrow ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; AMMODRAMUS-CAUDACUTUS; MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; SIZE DIMORPHISM; TIDAL MARSHES; SWAMP SPARROW; NEW-ENGLAND; HABITAT USE; HYBRIDIZATION AB Hybridization is influential in shaping species' dynamics and has many evolutionary and conservation implications. Identification of hybrid individuals typically relies on morphological data, but the assumption that hybrids express intermediate traits is not always valid, because of complex patterns of introgression and selection. We characterized phenotypic and genotypic variation across a hybrid zone between 2 tidal-marsh birds, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson's Sparrow (A. nelsoni) (n = 290), and we sought to identify morphological traits that could be used to classify admixed individuals. Sparrows were sampled from a total of 34 marshes, including 23 sympatric and 11 putatively allopatric marshes. Each individual was scored at 13 plumage traits, and standard morphometric data were collected. We used genotyping analysis at 24 microsatellite loci to categorize individuals into genotypic classes of pure, F-1-F-2, or backcrossed. Genetic data revealed that 52% of individuals sampled along the geographic transect were of mixed ancestry, and the majority of these were backcrossed. Traits related to the definition of plumage features (streaking, crown, and face) showed less overlap between genotypic classes than traits related to the amount or color of plumage features. Although morphological data performed well in distinguishing between the 2 taxa, pure and backcrossed individuals of each parental type could not be distinguished because of substantial overlap in plumage and morphology. We conclude that the discrimination of pure and hybrid individuals is not possible in the absence of genetic data. Our results have implications for conservation of pure populations, as extensive backcrossing throughout the hybrid zone may present challenges for monitoring pure species identified by morphology alone. C1 [Walsh, Jennifer; Kovach, Adrienne I.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE USA. [Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife, Wells, ME USA. RP Kovach, AI (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM adrienne.kovach@unh.edu OI Olsen, Brian/0000-0001-5608-2779 FU USFWS; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis [225575] FX Funding for this project was provided by the USFWS and the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. This is Scientific Contribution no. 2598. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis Project no. 225575. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of USFWS. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2015 VL 132 IS 3 BP 704 EP 716 DI 10.1642/AUK-14-299.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CN2YK UT WOS:000358289000018 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Banks, RC Burns, KJ Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Navarro-Siguenza, AG Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF Winker, K AF Chesser, R. Terry Banks, Richard C. Burns, Kevin J. Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Navarro-Sigueenza, Adolfo G. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. Winker, Kevin TI Fifty-sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS; HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; 1ST RECORD; PHYLOGENY; AVES; RADIATION; DIVERSIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; FRINGILLIDAE C1 [Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20242 USA. [Burns, Kevin J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Navarro-Sigueenza, Adolfo G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Museo Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI USA. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramsay Wright Labs, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Sci & Educ, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20242 USA. EM chessert@si.edu RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 83 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2015 VL 132 IS 3 BP 748 EP 764 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-73.1 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CN2YK UT WOS:000358289000021 ER PT J AU Zajac, Z Stith, B Bowling, AC Langtimm, CA Swain, ED AF Zajac, Zuzanna Stith, Bradley Bowling, Andrea C. Langtimm, Catherine A. Swain, Eric D. TI Evaluation of habitat suitability index models by global sensitivity and uncertainty analyses: a case study for submerged aquatic vegetation SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Everglades; habitat suitability index; sensitivity analysis; Sobol; uncertainty analysis ID WATER-QUALITY; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; WASTE-DISPOSAL; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; RELIABILITY; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT AB Habitat suitability index (HSI) models are commonly used to predict habitat quality and species distributions and are used to develop biological surveys, assess reserve and management priorities, and anticipate possible change under different management or climate change scenarios. Important management decisions may be based on model results, often without a clear understanding of the level of uncertainty associated with model outputs. We present an integrated methodology to assess the propagation of uncertainty from both inputs and structure of the HSI models on model outputs (uncertainty analysis: UA) and relative importance of uncertain model inputs and their interactions on the model output uncertainty (global sensitivity analysis: GSA). We illustrate the GSA/UA framework using simulated hydrology input data from a hydrodynamic model representing sea level changes and HSI models for two species of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in southwest Everglades National Park: Vallisneria americana (tape grass) and Halodule wrightii (shoal grass). We found considerable spatial variation in uncertainty for both species, but distributions of HSI scores still allowed discrimination of sites with good versus poor conditions. Ranking of input parameter sensitivities also varied spatially for both species, with high habitat quality sites showing higher sensitivity to different parameters than low-quality sites. HSI models may be especially useful when species distribution data are unavailable, providing means of exploiting widely available environmental datasets to model past, current, and future habitat conditions. The GSA/UA approach provides a general method for better understanding HSI model dynamics, the spatial and temporal variation in uncertainties, and the parameters that contribute most to model uncertainty. Including an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in modeling efforts as part of the decision-making framework will result in better-informed, more robust decisions. C1 [Zajac, Zuzanna] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stith, Bradley; Langtimm, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Bowling, Andrea C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Swain, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Stith, B (reprint author), Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7970 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bstith@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX USGS Ecosystems Mapping, the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science, and USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 5 IS 13 BP 2503 EP 2517 DI 10.1002/ece3.1520 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CM8OT UT WOS:000357962200002 PM 26257866 ER PT J AU Gorsich, EE Ezenwa, VO Cross, PC Bengis, RG Jolles, AE AF Gorsich, Erin E. Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Cross, Paul C. Bengis, Roy G. Jolles, Anna E. TI Context-dependent survival, fecundity and predicted population-level consequences of brucellosis in African buffalo SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African buffalo; bacteria; Brucella abortus; chronic disease; conservation biology; disease ecology; population growth ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; YELLOWSTONE BISON; SYNCERUS-CAFFER; VIRUS-INFECTION; NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; WOOD BISON; RED GROUSE; PARASITES; PATTERNS AB 1. Chronic infections may have negative impacts on wildlife populations, yet their effects are difficult to detect in the absence of long-term population monitoring. Brucella abortus, the bacteria responsible for bovine brucellosis, causes chronic infections and abortions in wild and domestic ungulates, but its impact on population dynamics is not well understood. 2. We report infection patterns and fitness correlates of bovine brucellosis in African buffalo based on (1) 7 years of cross-sectional disease surveys and (2) a 4-year longitudinal study in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. We then used a matrix population model to translate these observed patterns into predicted population-level effects. 3. Annual brucellosis seroprevalence ranged from 8.7% (95% CI = 1.8-15.6) to 47.6% (95% CI = 35.1-60.1) increased with age until adulthood (> 6) and varied by location within KNP. Animals were on average in worse condition after testing positive for brucellosis (F =-5.074, P < 0.0001), and infection was associated with a 2.0 (95% CI = 1.1-3.7) fold increase in mortality (chi(2) = 2.039, P = 0.036). Buffalo in low body condition were associated with lower reproductive success (F = 2.683, P = 0.034), but there was no association between brucellosis and pregnancy or being observed with a calf. 4. For the range of body condition scores observed in the population, the model-predicted growth rate was lambda = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.02-1.21) in herds without brucellosis and lambda = 1.00 (95% CI = 0.85-1.16) when brucellosis seroprevalence was 30%. 5. Our results suggest that brucellosis infection can potentially result in reduced population growth rates, but because these effects varied with demographic and environmental conditions, they may remain unseen without intensive, longitudinal monitoring. C1 [Gorsich, Erin E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ezenwa, Vanessa O.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ezenwa, Vanessa O.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Bengis, Roy G.] State Vet Off, Dept Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Directorate Anim Hlth, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. [Jolles, Anna E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gorsich, EE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eringorsich@gmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases [EF-0723918, DEB-1102493/EF-0723928]; NSF-GRFP; NSF-DDIG [DEB-121094] FX Buffalo captures were conducted by SANPark's Veterinary Wildlife Services, the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate of Animal Health, State Veterinary Office, and Rob Spaan, Jo Spaan, Kristie Thompson and Brianna Beechler. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Brian Henrichs and Heather Broughton for their insight on this work. This research was approved by Oregon State University and University of Georgia IACUC (Protocol numbers: OSU No.3822; UGA No.A2010 10-190-A1) and by KNP's Scientific Services. The work was supported by a National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases award to V. Ezenwa and A. Jolles (EF-0723918, DEB-1102493/EF-0723928) and a NSF-GRFP and NSF-DDIG award to E. Gorsich (DEB-121094). NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 84 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1009 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12356 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CM6QK UT WOS:000357813500012 PM 25714466 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Bjork, AA Eberl, DD Jennings, AE Verplanck, EP AF Andrews, John T. Bjork, Anders A. Eberl, Dennis D. Jennings, Anne E. Verplanck, Emily P. TI Significant differences in late Quaternary bedrock erosion and transport: East versus West Greenland similar to 70 degrees N - evidence from the mineralogy of offshore glacial marine sediments SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE East and West Greenland; glacial landscapes; mineralogy; radiogenic isotopes; X-ray diffraction ID SUBSURFACE OCEAN WATERS; ICE-SHEET DYNAMICS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTHEAST GREENLAND; DENMARK STRAIT; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; LAST GLACIATION; HEINRICH EVENTS; YOUNGER DRYAS; STREAM SYSTEM AB We use quantitative X-ray diffraction to determine the mineralogy of late Quaternary marine sediments from the West and East Greenland shelves offshore from early Tertiary basalt outcrops. Despite the similar basalt outcrop area (60 000-70 000km(2)), there are significant differences between East and West Greenland sediments in the fraction of minerals (e.g. pyroxene) sourced from the basalt outcrops. We demonstrate the differences in the mineralogy between East and West Greenland marine sediments on three scales: (1) modern day, (2) late Quaternary inputs and (3) detailed down-core variations in 10 cores from the two margins. On the East Greenland Shelf (EGS), late Quaternary samples have an average quartz weight per cent of 6.2 +/- 2.3 versus 12.8 +/- 3.9 from the West Greenland Shelf (WGS), and 12.02 +/- 4.8 versus 1.9 +/- 2.3wt% for pyroxene. K-means clustering indicated only 9% of the samples did not fit a simple EGS vs. WGS dichotomy. Sediments from the EGS and WGS are also isotopically distinct, with the EGS having higher E-Nd (-18 to 4) than those from the WGS (E-Nd=-25 to -35). We attribute the striking dichotomy in sediment composition to fundamentally different long-term Quaternary styles of glaciation on the two basalt outcrops. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Andrews, John T.; Jennings, Anne E.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, John T.; Jennings, Anne E.; Verplanck, Emily P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bjork, Anders A.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Verplanck, Emily P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrewsj@colorado.edu RI Bjork, Anders/B-1625-2013 OI Bjork, Anders/0000-0002-4919-792X FU NSF [ANS-1107761, PLR-0713755] FX The research was supported, in part, by NSF grants ANS-1107761 and PLR-0713755 and earlier NSF grants. West Greenland lake samples were provided by Dr Jason Briner; bedrock samples from western Greenland were provided by Dr Camilla Andresen and Dr Lotte M. Larsen at the Greenl and Geological Survey, who also provided samples of saprolite and advice on the outcrop of basalt. Dr M. Moros kindly provided samples 343300 and 343390 and data on their chronologies. Samples from cruise HU70- 037 obtained from GSC- Atlantic (Kate Jarrett, GSC Core Curator). XRD sample preparation and analyses were carried out by J.T.A. and by undergraduate research assistants, particularly Casey Coleman, Analisa Maier, Lauren Terry and Matthew Reid. Wendy Roth was responsible for maintaining the XRD equipment. The radiogenic isotope measurements were carried out in the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder by Maria Walton under the supervision of Emily Verplanck. We appreciate the comments of Dr Ian Bailey on a draft of the paper. We thank Dr S. Funder and another reviewer for their comments and suggestions, which have contributed to the final version of this publication. NR 99 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0267-8179 EI 1099-1417 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 452 EP 463 DI 10.1002/jqs.2787 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CN0NZ UT WOS:000358111900005 ER PT J AU Cohen, BS Belser, EH Killmaster, CH Bowers, JW Irwin, BJ Yabsley, MJ Miller, KV AF Cohen, Bradley S. Belser, Emily H. Killmaster, Charlie H. Bowers, John W. Irwin, Brian J. Yabsley, Michael J. Miller, Karl V. TI EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF CRANIAL ABSCESS DISEASE IN WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) OF GEORGIA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cranial abscess; generalized linear mixed models; Georgia; intracranial abscessation; Odocoileus virginianus; Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes; white-tailed deer ID ARCANOBACTERIUM-PYOGENES; INTRACRANIAL ABSCESSATION; MORTALITY; SAMPLES; MODELS; CATTLE AB Intracranial abscess disease is a cause of natural mortality for mature male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Most cases of abscesses are associated with bacterial infection by Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, but a complete understanding of the epidemiology of this disease is lacking. We quantified the effects of individual characteristics, site-specific herd demographics, land cover, and soil variables in estimating the probability of this disease. We examined 7,545 white-tailed deer from 60 sites throughout Georgia, US for signs of cranial abscesses, the predecessor of intracranial abscesses, and recorded the presence or absence of cranial abscesses for each individual examined. We detected no cranial abscesses in 2,562 female deer but 91 abscesses in 4,983 male deer examined (1.8%). A generalized linear mixed model, treating site as a random effect, was used to examine several potential explanatory risk factors including site-level landscape and soil characteristics (soil and forest type), demographic factors (deer density and male to female ratio), and individual host factors (deer sex and age). Model results indicated that the probability of a male having a cranial abscess increased with age and that adult sex ratio (male:female) was positively associated with this disease. Site-specific variables for land cover and soil types were not strongly associated with observations of the disease at the scale measured and a large amount of among-site variability remained. Given the demonstrated effect of age, gender, and local sex ratios but the remaining unexplained spatial variability, additional investigation into spatiotemporal variation of the presumed bacterial causative agent of cranial abscesses appears warranted. C1 [Cohen, Bradley S.; Belser, Emily H.; Yabsley, Michael J.; Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Killmaster, Charlie H.; Bowers, John W.] Game Management Sect, Wildlife Resource Div, Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cohen, BS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bscohen3@gmail.com FU Georgia Wildlife Resources Division through the Wildlife Restoration Program; US Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the Georgia Wildlife Resources Division through the Wildlife Restoration Program, which derives monies through an excise tax on sporting arms and ammunition paid by hunters and recreational shooters. We thank the regional wildlife biologists and technicians who assisted in data collection. We thank private landowners for allowing us access to their properties and for help with data collection. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their excellent feedback on previous versions of this paper, and D. Stallknecht for editorial assistance with previous versions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the US Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.7589/2014-05-129 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CM5YR UT WOS:000357765400007 PM 25984774 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Rameyer, R Breeden, R AF Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Rameyer, Robert Breeden, Renee TI MORTALITY PATTERNS IN ENDANGERED HAWAIIAN GEESE (NENE; BRANTA SANDVICENSIS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Branta sandvicensis; Hawaiian Goose; mortality; Nene; pathology ID DUCKS ANAS-LAYSANENSIS; MIDWAY ATOLL; WILD BIRDS; GOOSE; LEAD; TOXOPLASMOSIS; EXPOSURE; BOTULISM; MALARIA AB Understanding causes of death can aid management and recovery of endangered bird populations. Toward those ends, we systematically examined 300 carcasses of endangered Hawaiian Geese (Nene; Branta sandvicensis) from Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, and Kauai between 1992 and 2013. The most common cause of death was emaciation, followed by trauma (vehicular strikes and predation), and infectious/inflammatory diseases of which toxoplasmosis (infection with Toxoplasma gondii) predominated. Toxicoses were less common and were dominated by lead poisoning or botulism. For captive birds, inflammatory conditions predominated, whereas emaciation, trauma, and inflammation were common in free-ranging birds. Mortality patterns were similar for males and females. Trauma predominated for adults, whereas emaciation was more common for goslings. Causes of death varied among islands, with trauma dominating on Molokai, emaciation and inflammation on Kauai, emaciation on Hawaii, and inflammation and trauma on Maui. Understanding habitat or genetic-related factors that predispose Nene (particularly goslings) to emaciation might reduce the impact of this finding. In addition, trauma and infection with T. gondii are human-related problems that may be attenuated if effectively managed (e.g., road signs, enforcement of speed limits, feral cat [Felis catus] control). Such management actions might serve to enhance recovery of this endangered species. C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie; Rameyer, Robert; Breeden, Renee] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 33 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 688 EP 695 DI 10.7589/2014-11-256 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CM5YR UT WOS:000357765400016 PM 26161721 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, DD Sanders, LR Schill, WB Xayavong, MV da Silva, AJ Qvarnstrom, Y Smith, T AF Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Sanders, Lakyn R. Schill, W. Bane Xayavong, Maniphet V. da Silva, Alexandre J. Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Smith, Trevor TI Spread of the Rat Lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) in Giant African Land Snails (Lissachatina fulica) in Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Angiostrongylus cantonensis; Lissachatina fulica; parasite; quantitative PCR; rat lungworm ID INFECTION AB The rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) is a parasitic nematode that causes rat lungworm disease. It is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis and is a zoonotic health risk. We confirmed the presence of A. cantonensis using species-specific, quantitative PCR in 18 of 50 (36%) giant African land snails (Lissachatina fulica) collected from Miami, Florida, US in May 2013. These snails were collected from seven of 21 core areas that the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services monitor weekly. Rat lungworms have not previously been identified in these areas. Duplicate DNA extractions of foot muscle tissue from each snail were tested. Of the seven core areas we examined, six were positive for A. cantonensis and prevalence of infection ranged from 27% to 100%. Of the 18 positive snails, only five were positive in both extractions. Our results confirm an increase in the range and prevalence of rat lungworm infection in Miami. We also emphasize the importance of extracting sufficient host tissue to minimize false negatives. C1 [Iwanowicz, Deborah D.; Schill, W. Bane] US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Sanders, Lakyn R.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Xayavong, Maniphet V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [da Silva, Alexandre J.; Qvarnstrom, Yvonne] US FDA, Div Virulence Assessment, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Smith, Trevor] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Iwanowicz, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM diwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.7589/2014-06-160 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CM5YR UT WOS:000357765400026 PM 25973628 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB Hood, E Raymond, PA Hudson, J Bozeman, M Arimitsu, M AF Fellman, Jason B. Hood, Eran Raymond, Peter A. Hudson, John Bozeman, Maura Arimitsu, Mayumi TI Evidence for the assimilation of ancient glacier organic carbon in a proglacial stream food web SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SWISS ALPS; VAL-ROSEG; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SALMON CARCASSES; MATTER; RIVER; ECOSYSTEM; C-13 AB We used natural abundance C-13, N-15, and C-14 to compare trophic linkages between potential carbon sources (leaf litter, epilithic biofilm, and particulate organic matter) and consumers (aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish) in a nonglacial stream and two reaches of the heavily glaciated Herbert River. We tested the hypothesis that proglacial stream food webs are sustained by organic carbon released from glacial ecosystems. Carbon sources and consumers in the nonglacial stream had carbon isotope values that ranged from -30 parts per thousand to -25 parts per thousand for C-13 and from -14 parts per thousand to 53 parts per thousand for C-14 reflecting a food web sustained mainly on contemporary primary production. In contrast, biofilm in the two glacial stream sites was highly C-14-depleted (-215 parts per thousand to 175 parts per thousand) relative to the nonglacial stream consistent with the assimilation of ancient glacier organic carbon. IsoSource modeling showed that in upper Herbert River, macroinvertebrates (C-14=-171 parts per thousand to 22 parts per thousand) and juvenile salmonids (C-14=-102 parts per thousand to 17 parts per thousand) reflected a feeding history of both biofilm (approximate to 56%) and leaf litter (approximate to 40%). We estimate that in upper Herbert River on average 36% of the carbon incorporated into consumer biomass is derived from the glacier ecosystem. Thus, C-14-depleted glacial organic carbon was likely transferred to higher trophic levels through a feeding history of bacterial uptake of dissolved organic carbon and subsequent consumption of C-14-depleted biofilm by invertebrates and ultimately fish. Our findings show that the metazoan food web is sustained in part by glacial organic carbon such that future changes in glacial runoff could influence the stability and trophic structure of proglacial aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Fellman, Jason B.; Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Raymond, Peter A.; Bozeman, Maura] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Hudson, John] Aquat Alaska, Juneau, AK USA. [Arimitsu, Mayumi] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jbfellman@uas.alaska.edu RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860 FU Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center; National Science Foundation [EAR-0943599, DEB-1145885] FX The authors thank Jennifer Shinn for lab assistance and Kim Homan for map preparation. This study was supported by the Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center and the National Science Foundation (EAR-0943599 and DEB-1145885). NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1128 DI 10.1002/lno.10088 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CM7RR UT WOS:000357894500003 ER PT J AU Larsen, L Harvey, J Skalak, K Goodman, M AF Larsen, Laurel Harvey, Jud Skalak, Katherine Goodman, Marissa TI Fluorescence-based source tracking of organic sediment in restored and unrestored urban streams SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; EMISSION MATRIX FLUORESCENCE; SOILWATER END-MEMBERS; ANALYSIS EEM-PARAFAC; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; FINE SEDIMENT; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; MATTER DYNAMICS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AB Fine sediment is a leading cause of impairment of waterways, but its dynamics are generally poorly understood. Most fingerprinting studies focus on the mineral component of fine sediment, yet the organic fraction has distinct effects on ecosystem processes. Here we employed a novel combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) to distinguish between sources of particulate organic material (POM) in streams with and without restoration structures, situated within urban watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay. Suspended sediment samples and potential source end-member samples were leached and analyzed for their fluorescence excitation-emission (EEM) spectra. EEMs were resolved into fluorescent components using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Six conservative components comprised the inputs to EMMA. The final model distinguished seven categories of source contributions: old and recent banks, the streambed, impervious surfaces, forested soils, algae, and a general category of allochthonous contributions from the watershed. The poorly characterizable allochthonous category dominated all samples, particularly at baseflow. During storms, the stream with restoration structures transported larger concentrations of fluorescent POM than the unrestored stream, with greater contributions from banks and soil. However, the bed contribution was greater for the unrestored stream, reflecting greater instream storage of fine sediment during interstorm periods. Relative source contributions in the model were insensitive to variability in the precise spectral characteristics of source end members or the number of end members, and varied in a manner consistent with external measurements, providing confidence in the approach. C1 [Larsen, Laurel; Goodman, Marissa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Larsen, Laurel; Harvey, Jud; Skalak, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Larsen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 507 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM laurel@berkeley.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU USGS HRD Program; National Research Program; NAWQA Program; Berkeley Undergraduate Research Assistantship grant FX We thank Brian Bergamaschi, the Associate Editor, and two anonymous referees for their helpful review comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This study was supported by the USGS HR&D Program, National Research Program, and NAWQA Program, and a Berkeley Undergraduate Research Assistantship grant to MG. Alex Walker, Geoff Sinclair, Jai Singh, Brendan Buskirk, John Jastram, Ben O'Connor, and Jay Choi (USGS) provided field and laboratory assistance. Darin Jensen (UC Berkeley) prepared Fig. 1. NR 110 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1439 EP 1461 DI 10.1002/lno.10108 PG 23 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CM7RR UT WOS:000357894500026 ER PT J AU Rea, LD Christ, AM Hayden, AB Stegall, VK Farley, SD Stricker, CA Mellish, JAE Maniscalco, JM Waite, JN Burkanov, VN Pitcher, KW AF Rea, Lorrie D. Christ, Aaron M. Hayden, Alison B. Stegall, Vicki K. Farley, Sean D. Stricker, Craig A. Mellish, Jo-Ann E. Maniscalco, John M. Waite, Jason N. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Pitcher, Kenneth W. TI Age-specific vibrissae growth rates: A tool for determining the timing of ecologically important events in Steller sea lions SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vibrissae; growth rate; Steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; stable isotopes ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; PHOCA-VITULINA; STABLE CARBON; FUR SEALS; PATTERNS; DIET AB Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) grow their vibrissae continually, providing a multiyear record suitable for ecological and physiological studies based on stable isotopes. An accurate age-specific vibrissae growth rate is essential for registering a chronology along the length of the record, and for interpreting the timing of ecologically important events. We utilized four methods to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae in fetal, rookery pup, young-of-the-year (YOY), yearling, subadult, and adult SSL. The majority of vibrissae were collected from SSL live-captured in Alaska and Russia between 2000 and 2013 (n = 1,115), however, vibrissae were also collected from six adult SSL found dead on haul-outs and rookeries during field excursions to increase the sample size of this underrepresented age group. Growth rates of vibrissae were generally slower in adult (0.44 +/- 0.15 cm/mo) and subadult (0.61 +/- 0.10 cm/mo) SSL than in YOY (0.87 +/- 0.28 cm/mo) and fetal (0.73 +/- 0.05 cm/mo) animals, but there was high individual variability in these growth rates within each age group. Some variability in vibrissae growth rates was attributed to the somatic growth rate of YOY sea lions between capture events (P = 0.014, r(2) = 0.206, n = 29). C1 [Rea, Lorrie D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.; Christ, Aaron M.; Hayden, Alison B.; Stegall, Vicki K.; Farley, Sean D.; Pitcher, Kenneth W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mellish, Jo-Ann E.; Maniscalco, John M.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Mellish, Jo-Ann E.; Waite, Jason N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. RP Rea, LD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ldrea@alaska.edu FU NOAA; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting FX We would like to thank J. Hayes, K. Kokx, P. Rivera, L. Correa, S. Pierszalowski, and G. Johnson for laboratory preparation of samples and the dedicated field teams from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Steller Sea Lion Program, the Alaska Sea-Life Center (ASLC) Transient Juvenile Program, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Ecosystems Program, and the Russian Marine Mammal Ecology Program for sample collection. We would also like to thank the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility for sample analysis and the enthusiastic crews of the R/V Norseman I and II for helping make repeated captures of sea lions happen. The manuscript was also improved through comments provided by M. Wooller, K. Rode, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding provided through NOAA Cooperative Agreements. ADF& G research conducted under MMPA permits #358-1769 and 358-1888 and ADF&G ACUC #03-002 and #06-07. ASLC transiently captive research conducted under MMPA permits 881-1668 and 881-1890 and ASLC AUP 06-001 and 09-001. ASLC Chiswell Island research conducted under NMFS OPR Permit No. 14324, ASLC IACUC Protocol No. 07-001, and USFWS Special Use Permit No. 74500-03-045 for work on Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge lands. We thank P. Tuomi who served as attending veterinarian for most ASLC research. We thank R. Andrews for logistical and financial support for the collection of samples in Russia. Research in Russia was conducted under permits from Russian permitting agencies, the Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Sakhalin Region), Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Department of the Federal Committee of Fisheries of Russia (Goskomrybolovstvo), and the Federal Environmental Control Service (Rosprirodnadzor) of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Alaska SeaLife Center, and was funded by grants from NOAA to the Alaska SeaLife Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Additional funding and logistical support was provided by North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1213 EP 1233 DI 10.1111/mms.12221 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CM8WD UT WOS:000357982300021 ER PT J AU Owen, SF Berl, JL Edwards, JW Ford, WM Wood, PB AF Owen, Sheldon F. Berl, Jacob L. Edwards, John W. Ford, W. Mark Wood, Petra Bohall TI Raccoon Spatial Requirements and Multi-Scale Habitat Selection within an Intensively Managed Central Appalachian Forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PROCYON-LOTOR; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI; NORTHERN INDIANA; ADULT RACCOONS; DEN SELECTION; PINE FORESTS; SPACE USE; AVAILABILITY; LANDSCAPE AB We studied a raccoon (Procyon lotor) population within a managed central Appalachian hardwood forest in West Virginia to investigate the effects of intensive forest management on raccoon spatial requirements and habitat selection. Raccoon home-range (95% utilization distribution) and core-area (50% utilization distribution) size differed between sexes with males maintaining larger (23) home ranges and core areas than females. Home-range and core-area size did not differ between seasons for either sex. We used compositional analysis to quantify raccoon selection of six different habitat types at multiple spatial scales. Raccoons selected riparian corridors (riparian management zones [RMZ]) and intact forests (>70 y old) at the core-area spatial scale. RMZs likely were used by raccoons because they provided abundant denning resources (i.e., large-diameter trees) as well as access to water. Habitat composition associated with raccoon foraging locations indicated selection for intact forests, riparian areas, and regenerating harvest (stands,10 y old). Although raccoons were able to utilize multiple habitat types for foraging resources, a selection of intact forest and RMZs at multiple spatial scales indicates the need of mature forest (with large-diameter trees) for this species in managed forests in the central Appalachians. C1 [Owen, Sheldon F.; Berl, Jacob L.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Edwards, JW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jedwards@wvu.edu FU USFS Northeastern Research Station; West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; MeadWestvaco Corporation; USDA Wildlife Services; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX Funding for this research was provided by USFS Northeastern Research Station, West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, MeadWestvaco Corporation, USDA Wildlife Services, and West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. We would like to thank H. Brace, J. Adams, J. Johnson, J. Rodrique, and J. Crum for field and laboratory assistance. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 174 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM7JY UT WOS:000357869400007 ER PT J AU Nogeire, TM Davis, FW Crooks, KR McRae, BH Lyren, LM Boydston, EE AF Nogeire, Theresa M. Davis, Frank W. Crooks, Kevin R. McRae, Brad H. Lyren, Lisa M. Boydston, Erin E. TI Can Orchards Help Connect Mediterranean Ecosystems? Animal Movement Data Alter Conservation Priorities SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BOBCATS LYNX-RUFUS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; LARGE CARNIVORES; CORRIDORS; SELECTION; COYOTES; ECOLOGY; MATRIX AB As natural habitats become fragmented by human activities, animals must increasingly move through human-dominated systems, particularly agricultural landscapes. Mapping areas important for animal movement has therefore become a key part of conservation planning. Models of landscape connectivity are often parameterized using expert opinion and seldom distinguish between the risks and barriers presented by different crop types. Recent research, however, suggests different crop types, such as row crops and orchards, differ in the degree to which they facilitate or impede species movements. Like many mammalian carnivores, bobcats (Lynx rufus) are sensitive to fragmentation and loss of connectivity between habitat patches. We investigated how distinguishing between different agricultural land covers might change conclusions about the relative conservation importance of different land uses in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Bobcats moved relatively quickly in row crops but relatively slowly in orchards, at rates similar to those in natural habitats of woodlands and scrub. We found that parameterizing a connectivity model using empirical data on bobcat movements in agricultural lands and other land covers, instead of parameterizing the model using habitat suitability indices based on expert opinion, altered locations of predicted animal movement routes. These results emphasize that differentiating between types of agriculture can alter conservation planning outcomes. C1 [Nogeire, Theresa M.; Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McRae, Brad H.] Nature Conservancy, North Amer Reg, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Lyren, Lisa M.; Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Nogeire, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tnogeire@gmail.com RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 20 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 174 IS 1 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM7JY UT WOS:000357869400009 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Gould, WR Patla, DA Muths, E Daley, R Legg, K Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Gould, William R. Patla, Debra A. Muths, Erin Daley, Rob Legg, Kristin Corn, Paul Stephen TI Trends in Rocky Mountain amphibians and the role of beaver as a keystone species SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amphibian decline; Drought; Occupancy; Protected areas; Wetlands; Wilderness ID CASTOR-CANADENSIS; BOREAL TOADS; OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPES; COLORADO; WETLANDS; DROUGHT; AREA; FROG; USA AB Despite prevalent awareness of global amphibian declines, there is still little information on trends for many widespread species. To inform land managers of trends on protected landscapes and identify potential conservation strategies, we collected occurrence data for five wetland-breeding amphibian species in four national parks in the U.S. Rocky Mountains during 2002-2011. We used explicit dynamics models to estimate variation in annual occupancy, extinction, and colonization of wetlands according to summer drought and several biophysical characteristics (e.g., wetland size, elevation), including the influence of North American beaver (Castor canadensis). We found more declines in occupancy than increases, especially in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks (NP), where three of four species declined since 2002. However, most species in Rocky Mountain NP were too rare to include in our analysis, which likely reflects significant historical declines. Although beaver were uncommon, their creation or modification of wetlands was associated with higher colonization rates for 4 of 5 amphibian species, producing a 34% increase in occupancy in beaver-influenced wetlands compared to wetlands without beaver influence. Also, colonization rates and occupancy of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas) and Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) were >= 2 times higher in beaver-influenced wetlands. These strong relationships suggest management for beaver that fosters amphibian recovery could counter declines in some areas. Our data reinforce reports of widespread declines of formerly and currently common species, even in areas assumed to be protected from most forms of human disturbance, and demonstrate the close ecological association between beaver and wetland-dependent species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Northern Rock Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Appl Stat Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Patla, Debra A.] Northern Rockies Conservat Cooperat, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Daley, Rob; Legg, Kristin] Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rock Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI); NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program FX We thank the scores of field technicians and visiting scientists who helped collect data over the years, as well as the Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative for facilitating monitoring efforts. We also thank C. Peterson, who was instrumental in establishing amphibian' monitoring in GRYN. Comments by A. Ray and four anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) and the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is ARMI product no. 510. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 25 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 187 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.05.005 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL8ON UT WOS:000357234100029 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Flint, PL Udevitz, MS Koch, JC Atwood, TC Oakley, KL Pearce, JM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Flint, Paul L. Udevitz, Mark S. Koch, Joshua C. Atwood, Todd C. Oakley, Karen L. Pearce, John M. TI Forecasting Wildlife Response to Rapid Warming in the Alaskan Arctic SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic; climate change; modeling; wildlife ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; POLAR BEARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; ICE DECLINE; SNOW GEESE; OPEN-WATER; ABUNDANCE; AVAILABILITY AB Arctic wildlife species face a dynamic and increasingly novel environment because of climate warming and the associated increase in human activity. Both marine and terrestrial environments are undergoing rapid environmental shifts, including loss of sea ice, permafrost degradation, and altered biogeochemical fluxes. Forecasting wildlife responses to climate change can facilitate proactive decisions that balance stewardship with resource development. In this article, we discuss the primary and secondary responses to physical climate-related drivers in the Arctic, associated wildlife responses, and additional sources of complexity in forecasting wildlife population outcomes. Although the effects of warming on wildlife populations are becoming increasingly well documented in the scientific literature, clear mechanistic links are often difficult to establish. An integrated science approach and robust modeling tools are necessary to make predictions and determine resiliency to change. We provide a conceptual framework and introduce examples relevant for developing wildlife forecasts useful to management decisions. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Flint, Paul L.; Udevitz, Mark S.; Koch, Joshua C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Atwood, Todd C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Polar Bear Program, Anchorage, AK USA. [Oakley, Karen L.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Marine & Freshwater Ecol Branch, Anchorage, AK USA. [Pearce, John M.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Wetlands & Terr Ecol Branch, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993; Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Wildlife Program FX This work is part of the Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative supported by the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Wildlife Program. Anthony R. DeGange offered helpful feedback during manuscript development. David C. Douglas provided constructive reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 75 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2015 VL 65 IS 7 BP 718 EP 728 DI 10.1093/biosci/biv069 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CM7BO UT WOS:000357845600012 ER PT J AU Liu, SB Chen, YN Chen, YP Friedman, JM Hati, JHA Fang, GH AF Liu, Shubao Chen, Yaning Chen, Yapeng Friedman, Jonathan M. Hati, Jarre Heng A. Fang, Gonghuan TI Use of H-2 and O-18 stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water sources; Populus euphratica; H-2 and O-18 stable isotopes; Heihe River; Tree age ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; HYDRAULIC LIFT; PLANTS; TREES; COMMUNITIES; OXYGEN; ZONE AB Investigation of the water sources used by trees of different ages is essential to formulate a conservation strategy for the riparian tree, P. euphratica. This study addressed the contributions of different potential water sources to P. euphratica based on levels of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (delta O-18, delta H-2) in the xylem of different aged P. euphratica, as well as in soil water and groundwater along the lower Heihe River. We found significant differences in delta O-18 values in the xylem of different aged P. euphratica. Specifically, the delta O-18 values of young, mature and over-mature forests were -5.368(+/- 0.252) parts per thousand, -6.033(+/- 0.185) parts per thousand and -6.924 (+/- 0.166) parts per thousand, respectively, reflecting the reliance of older trees on deeper sources of water with a delta O-18 value closer to that of groundwater. Different aged P. euphratica used different water sources, with young forests rarely using groundwater (mean < 15 %) and instead primarily relying on soil water from a depth of 0-50 cm (mean > 45 %), and mature and over-mature forests using water from deeper than 100 cm derived primarily from groundwater. C1 [Liu, Shubao; Chen, Yaning; Chen, Yapeng; Fang, Gonghuan] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shubao; Hati, Jarre Heng A.] Xinjiang Acad Environm Protect Sci, Xinjiang Key Lab Environm Pollut Monitoring & Ris, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Chen, YN (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, 818 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. EM lsb082413@163.com; chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41371515]; National Science and Technology [2014BAC15B02] FX This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 41371515) and the National Science and Technology support plan (2014BAC15B02). NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 26 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 EI 1440-1703 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM4TY UT WOS:000357679000004 ER PT J AU Bell, DM Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK AF Bell, David M. Bradford, John B. Lauenroth, William K. TI Scale dependence of disease impacts on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) mortality in the southwestern United States SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometry; aspen; climate change; competition; disease; Forest Inventory and Analysis; hierarchical Bayesian modeling; Populus tremuloides; tree mortality ID FOREST DIE-OFF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; DROUGHT; COLORADO; DIEBACK; DECLINE; USA; PRODUCTIVITY; MECHANISMS AB Depending on how disease impacts tree exposure to risk, both the prevalence of disease and disease effects on survival may contribute to patterns of mortality risk across a species' range. Disease may accelerate tree species' declines in response to global change factors, such as drought, biotic interactions, such as competition, or functional traits, such as allometry. To assess the role of disease in mediating mortality risk in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), we developed hierarchical Bayesian models for both disease prevalence in live aspen stems and the resulting survival rates of healthy and diseased aspen near the species' southern range limit using 5088 individual trees on 281 United States Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plots in the southwestern United States. We found that disease prevalence depended primarily on tree size, tree allometry, and spatial variation in precipitation, while mortality depended on tree size, allometry, competition, spatial variation in summer temperature, and both temporal and spatial variation in summer precipitation. Disease prevalence was highest in large trees with low slenderness found on dry sites. For healthy trees, mortality decreased with diameter, slenderness, and temporal variation in summer precipitation, but increased with competition and spatial variation in summer temperature. Mortality of diseased trees decreased with diameter and aspen relative basal area and increased with mean summer temperature and precipitation. Disease infection increased aspen mortality, especially in trees of intermediate size and trees on plots at climatic extremes (i.e., cool, wet and warm, dry climates). By examining variation in disease prevalence, mortality of healthy trees, and mortality of diseased trees, we showed that the role of disease in aspen tree mortality depended on the scale of inference. For variation among individuals in diameter, disease tended to expose intermediate-size trees experiencing moderate risk to greater risk. For spatial variation in summer temperature, disease exposed lower risk populations to greater mortality probabilities, but the magnitude of this exposure depended on summer precipitation. Furthermore, the importance of diameter and slenderness in mediating responses to climate supports the increasing emphasis on trait variation in studies of ecological responses to global change. C1 [Bell, David M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dmbell@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; OI Bell, David/0000-0002-2673-5836 FU University of Wyoming; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center [G11AC20366]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DBI-1202800] FX Funding for this work was provided by the University of Wyoming and the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center via cooperative agreement #G11AC20366 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology DBI-1202800. Comments by A. M. Kilpatrick and two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1835 EP 1845 DI 10.1890/14-1184.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM2QF UT WOS:000357525800011 PM 26378306 ER PT J AU Quezadas, JP Silva, AC Inguaggiato, S Ortega, MDS Perez, JC Heilweil, VM AF Perez Quezadas, Juan Cortes Silva, Alejandra Inguaggiato, Salvatore Salas Ortega, Maria del Rocio Cervantes Perez, Juan Heilweil, Victor Michael TI Meteoric isotopic gradient on the windward side of theSierra Madre Oriental area, Veracruz - Mexico SO GEOFISICA INTERNACIONAL LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; isotopic gradient; Veracruz; Mexico; isotopic composition; precipitation ID CLIMATE AB The isotopic composition (delta O-18, delta D parts per thousand) of precipitation in the windward side of the Sierra Madre Oriental on the eastern flank of the Mexican Volcanic Belt was characterized along a 90 km transect from sea level up to an altitude of 4220 meters. Rain samples were collected during the rainy season (May through October) from 2007 through 2012. The Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL), determined with linear regression of isotope results, is delta D = 7.44 delta O-18 + 7.4, R-2 = 0.99. This line departs from the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) for precipitation at altitudes greater than 3000 masl due to deuterium enrichment processes. The results obtained in this research were compared with isotopic data of the Global Network of Isotopes Precipitation (GNIP) data base from the port of Veracruz. The altitude (Z) gradient of delta O-18 was also determined by the linear regression of precipitation data, resulting in the relation delta O-18 = -2.1Z - 5.56, R-2 = 0.86, where Z is altitude in kilometers. This implies a delta O-18 vertical gradient of -0.21 parts per thousand/ 100 m, which falls within the normal range described in the literature for tropical areas. Finally, the isotopic record of meteoric waters during the years of observation shows anomalous enrichment in delta O-18 and delta D at an altitude of about 1400 m, probably influenced by the local topography and/or an isotope effect related to tropical storms typical of this latitude. This characterization will increase the understanding of important hydrological processes and will provide a foundation for future hydrological research. C1 [Perez Quezadas, Juan] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Qro, Mexico. [Cortes Silva, Alejandra] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Inguaggiato, Salvatore] Natl Inst Geophys & Volcanol, Palermo, Italy. [Salas Ortega, Maria del Rocio; Cervantes Perez, Juan] Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Ciencias Tierra, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Heilweil, Victor Michael] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Quezadas, JP (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Qro, Mexico. EM pquezadas_1@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU INST GEOPHYSICS UNAM PI MEXICO PA APDO POSTAL 22-118, DEL TLALPAN, MEXICO, 14000 D F, MEXICO SN 0016-7169 J9 GEOFIS INT JI Geofis. Int. PD JUL-SEP PY 2015 VL 54 IS 3 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.gi.2015.04.021 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM0GA UT WOS:000357355200005 ER PT J AU Ritter, D Vinson, D Barnhart, E Akob, DM Fields, MW Cunningham, A Orem, W McIntosh, JC AF Ritter, Daniel Vinson, David Barnhart, Elliott Akob, Denise M. Fields, Matthew W. Cunningham, Al B. Orem, William McIntosh, Jennifer C. TI Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Coal; Coalbed methane (CBM); Methanogenesis; Microbial community; Stable isotopes; Microbially enhanced coalbed methane ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; STABLE-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION; FORT UNION FORMATION; EASTERN SURAT BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SAN-JUAN BASIN; BIOGENIC METHANE; BED METHANE AB Coalbed methane (CBM) makes up a significant portion of the world's natural gas resources. The discovery that approximately 20% of natural gas is microbial in origin has led to interest in microbially enhanced CBM (MECoM), which involves stimulating microorganisms to produce additional CBM from existing production wells. This paper reviews current laboratory and field research on understanding processes and reservoir conditions which are essential for microbial CBM generation, the progress of efforts to stimulate microbial methane generation in coal beds, and key remaining knowledge gaps. Research has been primarily focused on identifying microbial communities present in areas of CBM generation and attempting to determine their function, in-situ reservoir conditions that are most favorable for microbial CBM generation, and geochemical indicators of metabolic pathways of methanogenesis (i.e., acetoclastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis). Meanwhile, researchers at universities, government agencies, and companies have focused on four primary MECoM strategies: 1) microbial stimulation (i.e., addition of nutrients to stimulate native microbes); 2) microbial augmentation (i.e., addition of microbes not native to or abundant in the reservoir of interest); 3) physically increasing microbial access to coal and distribution of amendments; and 4) chemically increasing the bioavailability of coal organics. Most companies interested in MECoM have pursued microbial stimulation: Luca Technologies, Inc., successfully completed a pilot scale field test of their stimulation strategy, while two others, Ciris Energy and Next Fuel, Inc., have undertaken smaller scale field tests. Several key knowledge gaps remain that need to be addressed before MECoM strategies can be implemented commercially. Little is known about the bacterial community responsible for coal biodegradation and how these microorganisms may be stimulated to enhance microbial methanogenesis. In addition, research is needed to understand what fraction of coal is available for biodegradation, and methods need to be developed to determine the extent of in-situ coal biodegradation by MECoM processes for monitoring changes to coal quality. Questions also remain about how well field-scale pilot tests will scale to commercial production, how often amendments will need to be added to maintain new methane generation, and how well MECoM strategies transfer between coal basins with different formation water geochemistries and coal ranks. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be key in determining the feasibility and commercial viability of MECoM technology. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ritter, Daniel; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vinson, David] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cunningham, Al B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT USA. [Barnhart, Elliott; Fields, Matthew W.; Cunningham, Al B.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott] US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT USA. [Akob, Denise M.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ritter, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dritter@email.arizona.edu OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU PR3 Energy; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [5101-ND2]; NSF EAR [EAR-1322805]; NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship [EAR-1249916]; Carbon Management Canada; U.S. Geological Survey, Energy Resources Program FX The authors wish to thank PR3 Energy, the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (Grant #5101-ND2), NSF EAR (Grant # EAR-1322805), NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship (Grant # EAR-1249916), Carbon Management Canada, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Energy Resources Program for supporting this research. We also appreciated the comments of two anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors declare no competing financial interest NR 142 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 24 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 146 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2015.04.013 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA CM5UP UT WOS:000357754800003 ER PT J AU Bishop, RE Humphreys, WF Cukrov, N Zic, V Boxshall, GA Cukrov, M Iliffe, TM Krsinic, F Moore, WS Pohlman, JW Sket, B AF Bishop, Renee E. Humphreys, William F. Cukrov, Neven Zic, Vesna Boxshall, Geoff A. Cukrov, Marijana Iliffe, Thomas M. Krsinic, Frano Moore, Willard S. Pohlman, John W. Sket, Boris TI 'ANCHIALINE' REDEFINED AS A SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY IN A CREVICULAR OR CAVERNOUS GEOLOGICAL SETTING SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anchialine; anchihaline; stygobiotic; subterranean estuary ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; CAVES; ECOLOGY; REMIPEDIA; WATER; BAHAMAS; SEA; SPELEONECTIDAE; BIODIVERSITY; DISCOVERIES AB An improved understanding of the anchialine ecosystem and geology warrants a redefinition of the term 'anchialine.' Originating from subareal biological observations, the term anchialine now encompasses chemical, physical, geological and biological elements within the subterranean realm. We propose a more accurate definition of the term anchialine as 'a tidally-influenced subterranean estuary located within crevicular and cavernous karst and volcanic terrains that extends inland to the limit of seawater penetration.' This subterranean estuary is characterized by sharp physical and chemical stratification and merges with a marine system at the coast and a groundwater system inland. The anchialine ecosystem supports a relatively diverse biotic assemblage of stygobiotic species of marine origin dominated by members of Crustacea, both numerically and by species richness. C1 [Bishop, Renee E.] Penn State Univ, Dunmore, PA 18512 USA. [Humphreys, William F.] Western Australian Museum, Collect & Res Ctr, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia. [Humphreys, William F.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Humphreys, William F.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Humphreys, William F.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. [Cukrov, Neven] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Marine & Environm Res, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Zic, Vesna] Uvala Skar Bb, Cent Water Management Lab, Hrvatske Vode, Shibenik 22001, Croatia. [Boxshall, Geoff A.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Cukrov, Marijana] Croatian Biospeleol Soc, Zagreb, Croatia. [Iliffe, Thomas M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Krsinic, Frano] Inst Oceanog & Fisheries, Split 21000, Croatia. [Moore, Willard S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sket, Boris] Univ Ljubljani, Biotehniska Fak, Oddelek Biol, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. RP Bishop, RE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 120 Ridge View Dr, Dunmore, PA 18512 USA. EM reb20@psu.edu RI Moore, Willard/B-6096-2016; OI Moore, Willard/0000-0001-5930-5325; Boxshall, Geoffrey/0000-0001-8170-7734 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002335 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CM0ED UT WOS:000357350300008 ER PT J AU Woodruff, L Cannon, WF Smith, DB Solano, F AF Woodruff, Laurel Cannon, William F. Smith, David B. Solano, Federico TI The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Soil geochemistry; Soil mineralogy; Trace elements ID GEOCHEMICAL LANDSCAPES PROJECT AB In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km(2), 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil of the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Three soil samples were collected, if possible, from each site; (1) a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 cm, (2) a composite of the soil A-horizon, and (3) a deeper sample from the soil C-horizon or, if the top of the C-horizon was at a depth greater than 100 cm, from a depth of approximately 80-100 cm. The <2 mm fraction of each sample was analysed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements following near-total multi-add digestion. The major mineralogical components in samples from the soil A- and C-horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling ended in 2010 and chemical and mineralogical analyses were completed in May 2013. Maps of the conterminous United States showing predicted element and mineral concentrations were interpolated from actual soil data for each soil sample type by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique using ArcGIS software. Regional- and national-scale map patterns for selected elements and minerals apparent in interpolated maps are described here in the context of soil-forming factors and possible human inputs. These patterns can be related to (1) soil parent materials, for example, in the distribution of quartz, (2) climate impacts, for example, in the distribution of feldspar and kaolinite, (3) soil age, for example, in the distribution of carbonate in young glacial deposits, and (4) possible anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) and lead (Pb) to surface soil. This new geochemical and mineralogical data set for the conterminous United States represents a major step forward from prior national-scale soil geochemistry data and provides a robust soil data framework for the United States now and into the future. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woodruff, Laurel] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. [Cannon, William F.; Solano, Federico] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Woodruff, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. EM woodruff@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 154 SI SI BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.01.006 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM2ZE UT WOS:000357550100005 ER PT J AU Levitan, DM Zipper, CE Donovan, P Schreiber, ME Seal, RR Engle, MA Chermak, JA Bodnar, RJ Johnson, DK Aylor, JG AF Levitan, Denise M. Zipper, Carl E. Donovan, Patricia Schreiber, Madeline E. Seal, Robert R., II Engle, Mark A. Chermak, John A. Bodnar, Robert J. Johnson, Daniel K. Aylor, Joseph G., Jr. TI Statistical analysis of soil geochemical data to identify pathfinders associated with mineral deposits: An example from the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Soil geochemistry; Compositional data analysis; Multivariate analysis; Uranium ID COMPOSITIONAL DATA-ANALYSIS; IMMOBILIZATION; EXPLORATION; ROCKS AB Soil geochemical anomalies can be used to identify pathfinders in exploration for ore deposits. In this study, compositional data analysis is used with multivariate statistical methods to analyse soil geochemical data collected from the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA, to identify pathfinders associated with this deposit. Elemental compositions and relationships were compared between the collected Coles Hill soil and reference soil samples extracted from a regional subset of a national-scale geochemical survey. Results show that pathfinders for the Coles Hill deposit include light rare earth elements (La and Ce), which, when normalised by their Al content, are correlated with U/Al, and elevated Th/Al values, which are not correlated with U/Al, supporting decoupling of U from Th during soil generation. These results can be used in genetic and weathering models of the Coles Hill deposit, and can also be applied to future prospecting for similar U deposits in the eastern United States, and in regions with similar geological/climatic conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Levitan, Denise M.; Schreiber, Madeline E.; Chermak, John A.; Bodnar, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zipper, Carl E.; Donovan, Patricia; Johnson, Daniel K.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Seal, Robert R., II; Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aylor, Joseph G., Jr.] Virginia Uranium Inc, Chatham, VA 24531 USA. RP Levitan, DM (reprint author), 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dlevitan@vt.edu RI Schreiber, Madeline/A-5356-2009; OI Schreiber, Madeline/0000-0002-1858-7730; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU Virginia Uranium, Inc. FX Randy Cosby was involved in soil sampling, and Virginia Tech soil laboratory analyses were led by Julie Burger and Trey Rauh. XRD preparation was performed by Nadine Piatak and Natalia Ainsfleld of the USGS. Virginia Uranium, Inc. provided partial financial support to Virginia Tech. VUI and Walter Coles Sr. allowed property access, and Stewart East provided valuable knowledge about the area. The use of product or trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government The authors thank Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn of the University of Girona for input on compositional data analysis. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and Larry Drew of the USGS greatly improved the manuscript. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 154 SI SI BP 238 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.12.012 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM2ZE UT WOS:000357550100019 ER PT J AU Dietterich, HR Cashman, KV Rust, AC Lev, E AF Dietterich, Hannah R. Cashman, Katharine V. Rust, Alison C. Lev, Einat TI Diverting lava flows in the lab SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Dietterich, Hannah R.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.; Rust, Alison C.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Lev, Einat] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Dietterich, HR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hdietterich@usgs.gov OI Dietterich, Hannah/0000-0001-7898-4343 FU National Science Foundation [DGE 0829517, EAR 0738894, 1250554, EAR 1250431]; AXA Research Fund; Royal Society University Research Fellowship FX We would like to thank J. Dietrich and M. Fonstad for equipment, laboratory assistance, and processing of the structure-from-motion 3D reconstructions. J. Harkness and C. Honor helped with analogue experiments at the University of Bristol. Molten basalt experiments were conducted with the aid of R. Wysocki and J. Karson at the Syracuse University Lava Project, along with T. Redmond and X. Li. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through grants DGE 0829517 to H.R.D., EAR 0738894 and 1250554 to K.V.C., and EAR 1250431 to E.L. We acknowledge support from the AXA Research Fund to K.V.C. and a Royal Society University Research Fellowship to A.C.R. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 494 EP 496 DI 10.1038/ngeo2470 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM0XV UT WOS:000357404200003 ER PT J AU Wesson, RL Melnick, D Cisternas, M Moreno, M Ely, LL AF Wesson, Robert L. Melnick, Daniel Cisternas, Marco Moreno, Marcos Ely, Lisa L. TI Vertical deformation through a complete seismic cycle at Isla Santa Maria, Chile SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION EARTHQUAKES; MEGATHRUST EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; UPLIFT; ZONE AB Individual great earthquakes are posited to release the elastic strain energy that has accumulated over centuries by the gradual movement of tectonic plates(1,2). However, knowledge of plate deformation during a complete seismic cycle-two successive great earthquakes and the intervening interseismic period-remains incomplete(3). A complete seismic cycle began in south-central Chile in 1835 with an earthquake of about magnitude 8.5 (refs 4,5) and ended in 2010 with a magnitude 8.8 earthquake(6). During the first earthquake, an uplift of Isla Santa Maria by 2.4 to 3m was documented(4,5). In the second earthquake, the island was uplifted(7) by 1.8 m. Here we use nautical surveys made in 1804, after the earthquake in 1835 and in 1886, together with modern echo sounder surveys and GPS measurements made immediately before and after the 2010 earthquake, to quantify vertical deformation through the complete seismic cycle. We find that in the period between the two earthquakes, Isla Santa Maria subsided by about 1.4 m. We simulate the patterns of vertical deformation with a finite-element model and find that they agree broadly with predictions from elastic rebound theory(2). However, comparison with geomorphic and geologic records of millennial coastline emergence(8,9) reveal that 10-20% of the vertical uplift could be permanent. C1 [Wesson, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Melnick, Daniel] Univ Potsdam, Inst Erd & Umweltwissensch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso 1020, Chile. [Moreno, Marcos] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Ely, Lisa L.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RP Wesson, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwesson@gmail.com RI Melnick, Daniel/G-8484-2011; Moreno, Marcos/M-4632-2013 OI Melnick, Daniel/0000-0001-8397-7391; Moreno, Marcos/0000-0002-6023-7283 FU Chilean National Fund for Development of Science and Technology (FONDECYT) [1110848, 1150321]; National Geographic Society Scientific Research grant [8577-08]; German Science Foundation (DFG) [ME 3157/2-2, MO 2310/1-1]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [RAPID EAR-1036057, EAR-1145170] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Chilean National Fund for Development of Science and Technology (FONDECYT) grants 1110848 and 1150321 (M.C.), National Geographic Society Scientific Research grant 8577-08 (L.L.E. and M.C.), German Science Foundation (DFG) grants ME 3157/2-2 (D.M.) and MO 2310/1-1 (MARISCOS) (M.M.), and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grants RAPID EAR-1036057 (L.L.E. and R.L.W.) and EAR-1145170 (L.L.E.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 547 EP U157 DI 10.1038/NGEO2468 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM0XV UT WOS:000357404200018 ER PT J AU Shea, CP Bettoli, PW Potoka, KM Saylor, CF Shute, PW AF Shea, C. P. Bettoli, P. W. Potoka, K. M. Saylor, C. F. Shute, P. W. TI Use of Dynamic Occupancy Models to Assess the Response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to Varying Hydrothermal Conditions in a Southeastern United States Tailwater SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stream fishes; patch dynamics; water resource management; regulated rivers ID STREAM-FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; WARMWATER STREAMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RATES; ETHEOSTOMA-RUBRUM; SPATIAL POSITION; RIVER SYSTEMS; BAYOU DARTER; FLOW REGIME AB During the past 100years, most large rivers in North America have been altered for flood control, hydropower, navigation or water supply development. Although these activities clearly provide important human services, their associated environmental disturbances can profoundly affect stream-dwelling organisms. We used dynamic multi-species occupancy models combined with a trait-based approach to estimate the influence of site-level and species-level characteristics on patch dynamic rates for 15 darter species native to the Elk River, a large, flow-regulated Tennessee River tributary in Tennessee and Alabama. Dynamic occupancy modelling results indicated that for every 2.5 degrees C increase in stream temperature, darters were 3.94 times more likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. Additionally, large-bodied darter species were 3.72 times more likely to colonize stream reaches compared with small-bodied species, but crevice-spawning darter species were 5.24 times less likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. In contrast, darters were 2.21 times less likely to become locally extinct for every 2.5 degrees C increase in stream temperature, but high stream discharge conditions elevated the risk of local extinction. Lastly, the presence of populations in neighbouring upstream study reaches contributed to a lower risk of extinction, whereas the presence of populations in neighbouring downstream study reaches contributed to higher rates of colonization. Our study demonstrates the application of a trait-based approach combined with a metapopulation framework to assess the patch dynamics of darters in a regulated river. Results from our study will provide a baseline for evaluating the ecological consequences of alternative dam operations. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shea, C. P.; Potoka, K. M.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bettoli, P. W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Saylor, C. F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Shute, P. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cookeville, TN USA. RP Shea, CP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USGS Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM cshea@tntech.edu FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; TVA; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Technological University FX This project was funded by a grant from the US Geological Survey with funds provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the TVA. We are grateful to Jim Peterson for assistance with modelling and statistical analysis. We also thank Colleen Montgomery for providing stream discharge data for TFD. Yoichiro Kanno, Rebecca Johansen, John Johansen, Jim Layzer, Patrick Rakes, Todd Shaw, J. R. Shute and Jason Wisniewski also provided helpful comments and suggestions. Earlier drafts of the manuscript were improved with suggestions from Mary Freeman, Hayden Mattingly and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and Tennessee Technological University. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 676 EP 691 DI 10.1002/rra.2766 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CM6LF UT WOS:000357799300003 ER PT J AU Propst, DL Gido, KB Whitney, JE Gilbert, EI Pilger, TJ Monie, AM Paroz, YM Wick, JM Monzingo, JA Myers, DM AF Propst, D. L. Gido, K. B. Whitney, J. E. Gilbert, E. I. Pilger, T. J. Monie, A. M. Paroz, Y. M. Wick, J. M. Monzingo, J. A. Myers, D. M. TI Efficacy of Mechanically Removing Nonnative Predators from a Desert Stream SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; native fishes; nonnative predator control; Gila River; USA ID COLORADO RIVER; NATIVE FISH; BROOK TROUT; FLOW REGIMES; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; THREATS; RARITY AB Native fish faunas throughout the American Southwest have declined dramatically in the past century, mainly a consequence of habitat alteration and alien species introductions. We initiated this 6-year study to evaluate the efficacy of mechanical removal of nonnative predaceous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout Salmo trutta, yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from an open 4.6-km reach of West Fork Gila River in southwest New Mexico, USA. Removal efforts involved intensive sampling with a 10- to 12-person crew using backpack electrofishers and seines to capture fish over a 4- to 5-day period each year. Additionally, two reference sites were sampled with similar methods to compare temporal changes in species mass in the absence of a removal effort. Results were mixed. Mass of yellow bullhead, rainbow trout and brown trout declined in the removal reach from 2007 through 2012, but there was no change in smallmouth bass. Concurrently, mass of Rainbow trout, yellow bullhead and smallmouth bass did not change at reference sites, but brown trout mass declined, indicating factors other than removal were driving abundance of brown trout. Occurrence of several large flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris in the removal reach in 2012 changed what would have been a decline in overall nonnative mass to no change over the course of the study. Spikedace Meda fulgida was the only native species positively responding to predator removal. Results of this study suggest that with moderate effort and resources applied systematically, mechanical removal can benefit some native fish species, but movement of problem species from surrounding areas into removal reaches necessitates continued control efforts. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Propst, D. L.; Pilger, T. J.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gido, K. B.; Whitney, J. E.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gilbert, E. I.; Monie, A. M.; Wick, J. M.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Conservat Serv Div, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Paroz, Y. M.] US Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Monzingo, J. A.] Gila Natl Forest, Silver City, NM USA. [Myers, D. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Propst, DL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tiaroga@comcast.net FU US Fish & Wildlife Service (NM Fish & Wildlife Conservation Office); US Forest Service (Gila National Forest); N.M. Department of Game & Fish (Conservation Services Division); Kansas State University FX Field work was accomplished with the participation of individuals from cooperating agencies and universities. Their assistance, especially that of Z. Law, N. Smith, S. Carman, J. Zapata, S. Coleman, T. Archdeacon, C. Roberts, D. Trujillo and B. Berger, is gratefully acknowledged. Partial funding for this work was provided to US Fish & Wildlife Service (NM Fish & Wildlife Conservation Office), US Forest Service (Gila National Forest), N.M. Department of Game & Fish (Conservation Services Division) and Kansas State University by grants from the Gila River Basin Native Fishes Conservation Program. The comments and suggestions of an anonymous referee greatly improved the manuscript and are much appreciated. Scientific collecting permits were issued by US Fish & Wildlife Service and N.M. Department of Game & Fish. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 692 EP 703 DI 10.1002/rra.2768 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CM6LF UT WOS:000357799300004 ER PT J AU Schenk, ER McCargo, JW Moulin, B Hupp, CR Richter, JM AF Schenk, E. R. McCargo, J. W. Moulin, B. Hupp, C. R. Richter, J. M. TI The Influence of Logjams on Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) Concentrations on the Lower Roanoke River, a Large Sand-Bed River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE largemouth bass; logjams; large woody debris; geomorphology; bank erosion ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; WARMWATER STREAM; HABITAT USE; FISH; RESTORATION; FLORIDA; USA; GEOMORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB This study examines the relation between logjams and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on the alluvial sand-bed lower Roanoke River. Disparate data sets from previous bank erosion, fisheries, and large wood studies were used to compare the distribution of largemouth bass with logjam frequency. Logjams are related to the frequency of bank mass wasting increasing from near an upstream dam to the middle reach of the study segment and then decreasing as the river approaches sea level. The highest concentration of largemouth bass and logjams was in the middle reach (110 fish per hour and 21 jams per km). Another measure of largemouth bass distribution, fish biomass density (gh(-1)), had a similar trend with logjams and was a better predictor of fish distribution versus logjams (R-2=0.6 and 0.8 and p=0.08 and 0.02 for fish per hour and gh(-1) versus logjam, respectively). We theorize that the preference for adult bass to congregate near logjams indicates the use of the jams as feeding areas. The results of a principal component analysis indicate that fish biomass concentration is much more related to logjam frequency than channel geometry (width, depth, and bank height), bed grain size, bank erosion, or turbidity. The results of this research support recent studies on in-channel wood and fisheries: Logjams appear to be important for maintaining, or increasing, both largemouth bass numbers and total biomass of fish in large eastern North American rivers. Persistent logjams, important as habitat, exist where relatively undisturbed river reaches allow for bank erosion inputs of wood and available anchoring locations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Schenk, E. R.; Hupp, C. R.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McCargo, J. W.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Elizabeth City, NC USA. [Moulin, B.] AEMGEO Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5600, Lyon, France. [Richter, J. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Roanoke River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Windsor, NC USA. RP Schenk, ER (reprint author), USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eschenk@usgs.gov OI Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; State of North Carolina; US Army Corps of Engineers FX We would like to thank Cary Gordon and Bridget Lins for their invaluable work counting logjams and LW via aerial videography. Field support was also provided by Russ Gray, Myles Robinson, and Marshall Yacoe. Wilson Laney, of the Fish and Wildlife Service, was most helpful in the literature review, especially concerning largemouth bass and their interaction with logjams. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, State of North Carolina, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 704 EP 711 DI 10.1002/rra.2779 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CM6LF UT WOS:000357799300005 ER PT J AU Castro, JM MacDonald, A Lynch, E Thorne, CR AF Castro, J. M. MacDonald, A. Lynch, E. Thorne, C. R. TI Risk-based Approach to Designing and Reviewing Pipeline Stream Crossings to Minimize Impacts to Aquatic Habitats and Species SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; impact analysis; pipelines; risk analysis; risk screening matrix ID CONSTRUCTION AB Extensive new pipeline systems proposed to transport natural gas and oil throughout North America will potentially result in thousands of new stream crossings. The watercourses encountered at these crossings will range from small, ephemeral headwater streams to large, perennial mainstem rivers; from dynamic gravel-bed streams to stable bedrock channels; and from steep, source reaches to low gradient, response reaches. Based on past experience at pipeline crossings, the potential for both short and long-term negative impacts on aquatic habitat and species is substantial. In assessing potential hazards to aquatic habitat and species, the diverse physiography and ecology of the stream affected, combined with the number and range of new pipelines proposed, pose significant challenges for project developers charged with collecting, stratifying, evaluating, analysing, interpreting, and presenting stream crossing data in formats that are accessible, usable and useful. It is equally challenging for project reviewers to detect, distill and summarize potential project impacts and then identify reasonable options for their avoidance, minimization, and mitigation. To address these concerns, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in conjunction with Ruby Pipeline, LLC, developed a pipeline crossing framework and risk analysis approach to stratify potential aquatic impacts, based on both stream characteristics and project types. In this approach, pipeline crossings are ranked in terms of relative short and long-term risk to aquatic habitat and are then analysed, designed, and monitored in ways appropriate to their risk. This approach allows project developers and reviewers to focus resources and monitoring on the crossings that present the highest risks to aquatic habitat and species, while expediting design and construction, and minimizing the monitoring of low-risk crossings. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Castro, J. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [MacDonald, A.] Rivergrove Environm Consulting, Lake Oswego, OR USA. [Lynch, E.] Ecol & Environm, Portland, OR USA. [Thorne, C. R.] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Castro, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2600 SE 98th Ave Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM Janine_M_Castro@fws.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 767 EP 783 DI 10.1002/rra.2770 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CM6LF UT WOS:000357799300011 ER PT J AU Boogaard, MA Newton, TJ Hubert, TD Kaye, CA Barnhart, MC AF Boogaard, Michael A. Newton, Teresa J. Hubert, Terrance D. Kaye, Cheryl A. Barnhart, M. Christopher TI Evaluation of the short term 12 hour toxicity of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to multiple life stages of Venustaconcha ellipsiformis and Epioblasma triquetra and its host fish (Percina caprodes) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Snuffbox; Ellipse; Life stage; Toxicity; TFM ID UNIONID MUSSELS; LAMPRICIDE TFM; LAKES AB The present study evaluated the risk of 12-h exposures of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to multiple life stages of the federally endangered snuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra) and its primary host fish the common logperch (Percina caprodes) as well as a surrogate to the snuffbox, the ellipse (Venustaconcha ellipsiformis). Life stages examined included free glochidia, 1-wk juveniles, and adults of the ellipse; free glochidia, glochidia on host fish, and 1-wk juveniles of the snuffbox; and adult logperch. Larval sea lampreys were also tested alongside adult ellipse and logperch for direct comparison. Survival exceeded 82% among all life stages in both mussel species at levels up to 1.8 times what would be applied during treatments, suggesting that routine sea lamprey control operations would not adversely affect mussels. However, substantial mortality of adult logperch was observed at TFM concentrations typically applied to streams, and loss of host fish could adversely affect snuffbox reproduction. In addition, TFM had no significant effect on the number of glochidia that metamorphosed on adult logperch. Although the snuffbox is not likely to be acutely affected from sea lamprey control operations, mitigation efforts to minimize impacts to the host fish should be considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1634-1641. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Boogaard, Michael A.; Newton, Teresa J.; Hubert, Terrance D.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Kaye, Cheryl A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO USA. RP Boogaard, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mboogaard@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service and Fisheries and Oceans, Canada FX The present study was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the US Geological Survey in collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. We thank N. Schloesser, H. Mello, P. Ries, and A. Ganzer for their help during the TFM exposures and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1634 EP 1641 DI 10.1002/etc.2959 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CL5QC UT WOS:000357013700026 PM 25729005 ER PT J AU Nelson, KJ Steinwand, D AF Nelson, Kurtis J. Steinwand, Daniel TI A Landsat Data Tiling and Compositing Approach Optimized for Change Detection in the Conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CLOUD SHADOW; FOREST COVER; NORTH-AMERICA; LANDFIRE; IMAGERY; DISTURBANCE; RESOLUTION AB Annual disturbance maps are produced by the LANDFIRE program across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Existing LANDFIRE disturbance data from 1999 to 2010 are available and current efforts will produce disturbance data through 2012. A tiling and compositing approach was developed to produce bi-annual images optimized for change detection. A tiled grid of 10,000 x 10,000 30 m pixels was defined for CONUS and adjusted to consolidate smaller tiles along national borders, resulting in 98 non-overlapping tiles. Data from Landsat-5,-7, and -8 were re-projected to the tile extents, masked to remove clouds, shadows, water, and snow/ice, then composited using a cosine similarity approach. The resultant images were used in a change detection algorithm to determine areas of vegetation change. This approach enabled more efficient processing compared to using single Landsat scenes, by taking advantage of overlap between adjacent paths, and allowed an automated system to be developed for the entire process. C1 [Nelson, Kurtis J.; Steinwand, Daniel] USGS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Nelson, KJ (reprint author), USGS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM knelson@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 81 IS 7 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.14358/PERS.81.7.573 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM0IR UT WOS:000357362100011 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, JL Mahani, AB AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Mahani, Alireza Babaie TI Myths and Facts on Wastewater Injection, Hydraulic Fracturing, Enhanced Oil Recovery, and Induced Seismicity SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUID-INDUCED SEISMICITY; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; DENVER EARTHQUAKES; TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES; CENTRAL OKLAHOMA; COLORADO; TEXAS; BASIN; OHIO C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mahani, Alireza Babaie] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrubinstein@usgs.gov OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 19 U2 76 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.1785/0220150067 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM0FN UT WOS:000357353900002 ER PT J AU Nesmith, JCB Das, AJ O'Hara, KL van Mantgem, PJ AF Nesmith, Jonathan C. B. Das, Adrian J. O'Hara, Kevin L. van Mantgem, Phillip J. TI The influence of prefire tree growth and crown condition on postfire mortality of sugar pine following prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE generalized estimating equation (GEE); tree ring analysis; forest health; Pinus lambertiana; Sierra Nevada ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; FUEL REDUCTION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; LONGITUDINAL DATA; MANAGING FORESTS; SEVERITY; USA AB Tree mortality is a vital component of forest management in the context of prescribed fires; however, few studies have examined the effect of prefire tree health on postfire mortality. This is especially relevant for sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas), a species experiencing population declines due to a suite of anthropogenic factors. Using data from an old-growth mixed-conifer forest in Sequoia National Park, we evaluated the effects of fire, tree size, prefire radial growth, and crown condition on postfire mortality. Models based only on tree size and measures of fire damage were compared with models that included tree size, fire damage, and prefire tree health (e.g., measures of prefire tree radial growth or crown condition). Immediately following the fire, the inclusion of different metrics of prefire tree health produced variable improvements over the models that included only tree size and measures of fire damage, as models that included measures of crown condition performed better than fire-only models, but models that included measures of prefire radial growth did not perform better. However, 5 years following the fire, sugar pine mortality was best predicted by models that included measures of both fire damage and prefire tree health, specifically, diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.37 m), crown scorch, 30-year mean growth, and the number of sharp declines in growth over a 30-year period. This suggests that factors that influence prefire tree health (e.g., drought, competition, pathogens, etc.) may partially determine postfire mortality, especially when accounting for delayed mortality following fire. C1 [Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Sierra Nevada Network, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Das, Adrian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [O'Hara, Kevin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Nesmith, JCB (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Sierra Nevada Network, 47050 Generals Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jonathan_nesmith@nps.gov NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7 BP 910 EP 919 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0449 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CL7FB UT WOS:000357136800012 ER PT J AU Das, AJ Stephenson, NL AF Das, Adrian J. Stephenson, Nathan L. TI Improving estimates of tree mortality probability using potential growth rate SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tree growth; tree mortality; potential growth; tree size; forest dynamics ID BASAL AREA GROWTH; LODGEPOLE PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WHITE SPRUCE; SUGAR MAPLE; FORESTS; COMPETITION; HEALTH; DEATH AB Tree growth rate is frequently used to estimate mortality probability. Yet, growth metrics can vary in form, and the justification for using one over another is rarely clear. We tested whether a growth index (GI) that scales the realized diameter growth rate against the potential diameter growth rate (PDGR) would give better estimates of mortality probability than other measures. We also tested whether PDGR, being a function of tree size, might better correlate with the baseline mortality probability than direct measurements of size such as diameter or basal area. Using a long-term dataset from the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., as well as existing species-specific estimates of PDGR, we developed growth-mortality models for four common species. For three of the four species, models that included GI, PDGR, or a combination of GI and PDGR were substantially better than models without them. For the fourth species, the models including GI and PDGR performed roughly as well as a model that included only the diameter growth rate. Our results suggest that using PDGR can improve our ability to estimate tree survival probability. However, in the absence of PDGR estimates, the diameter growth rate was the best empirical predictor of mortality, in contrast to assumptions often made in the literature. C1 [Das, Adrian J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Das, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM adas@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7 BP 920 EP 928 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0368 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CL7FB UT WOS:000357136800013 ER PT J AU Huso, MMP Dalthorp, D Dail, D Madsen, L AF Huso, Manuela M. P. Dalthorp, Dan Dail, David Madsen, Lisa TI Estimating wind-turbine-caused bird and bat fatality when zero carcasses are observed SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayes' theorem; endangered species; imperfect detection; posterior; prior; rare species; superpopulation; wind power ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; ENERGY FACILITIES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; UNITED-STATES; FARMS; MORTALITY; MODELS; COUNTS; AREAS; RATES AB Many wind-power facilities in the United States have established effective monitoring programs to determine turbine-caused fatality rates of birds and bats, but estimating the number of fatalities of rare species poses special difficulties. The loss of even small numbers of individuals may adversely affect fragile populations, but typically, few (if any) carcasses are observed during monitoring. If monitoring design results in only a small proportion of carcasses detected, then finding zero carcasses may give little assurance that the number of actual fatalities is small. Fatality monitoring at wind-power facilities commonly involves conducting experiments to estimate the probability (g) an individual will be observed, accounting for the possibilities that it falls in an unsearched area, is scavenged prior to detection, or remains undetected even when present. When g < 1, the total carcass count (X) underestimates the total number of fatalities (M). Total counts can be 0 when M is small or when M is large and g <<1. Distinguishing these two cases is critical when estimating fatality of a rare species. Observing no individuals during searches may erroneously be interpreted as evidence of absence. We present an approach that uses Bayes' theorem to construct a posterior distribution for M, i.e., P(M|X, g), reflecting the observed carcass count and previously estimated g. From this distribution, we calculate two values important to conservation: the probability that M is below a predetermined limit and the upper bound (M-*) of the 100(1 - )% credible interval for M. We investigate the dependence of M-* on , g, and the prior distribution of M, asking what value of g is required to attain a desired M-* for a given . We found that when g < similar to 0.15, M-* was clearly influenced by the mean and variance of g and the choice of prior distribution for M, but the influence of these factors is minimal when g > similar to 0.45. Further, we develop extensions for temporal replication that can inform prior distributions of M and methods for combining information across several areas or time periods. We apply the method to data collected at a wind-power facility where scheduled searches yielded X = 0 raptor carcasses. C1 [Huso, Manuela M. P.; Dalthorp, Dan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dail, David; Madsen, Lisa] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Huso, MMP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM mhuso@usgs.gov FU Ecosystems Mission Area Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USFWS FX We thank T. J. Miller and Dawn Bruns of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for their tireless support of this project. We thank Jessica Kenyon for her rigorous evaluation of our statistical approach. We thank Ephraim Hanks, Dawn Bruns, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that strengthened this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Ecosystems Mission Area Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the USFWS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1225 DI 10.1890/14-0764.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL4BU UT WOS:000356898400005 PM 26485950 ER PT J AU Chelgren, ND Dunham, JB AF Chelgren, Nathan D. Dunham, Jason B. TI Connectivity and conditional models of access and abundance of species in stream networks SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE capture-mark-recapture; connectivity; culvert; fish movement; N-mixture model; occupancy modeling; passage restoration; stream road crossing; zero-inflated negative binomial ID OREGON COAST RANGE; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; FISH PASSAGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; UPSTREAM MOVEMENT; HEADWATER STREAMS; BROOK TROUT; BARRIERS; MANAGEMENT; CULVERTS AB Barriers to passage of aquatic organisms at stream road crossings are a major cause of habitat fragmentation in stream networks. Accordingly, large investments have been made to restore passage at these crossings, but often without estimation of population-level benefits. Here, we describe a broad-scale approach to quantifying the effectiveness of passage restoration in terms interpretable at population levels, namely numbers of fish and length of stream gained through restoration, by sampling abundance in a study design that accounts for variable biogeographic species pools, variable stream and barrier configurations, and variable probabilities of capture and detectability for multiple species. We modified an existing zero-inflated negative-binomial model to estimate the probability of site access, abundance conditional on access, and capture probability of individual fish. Therein, we modeled probability of access as a function of gradient, stream road-crossing type, and downstream access by fish simultaneously with a predictive model for abundance at sites accessible to fish. Results indicated that replacement of barriers with new crossing designs intended to allow for greater movement was associated with dramatically higher probability of access for all fishes, including migratory Pacific salmon, trout, sculpin, and lamprey. Conversely, existing non-replaced crossings negatively impacted fish distributions. Assuming no downstream constraints on access, we estimated the potential length of stream restored by the program ranged between 7.33 (lamprey) and 15.28 km (small coastal cutthroat and rainbow trout). These contributions represented a fraction of the total length available upstream (187 km) of replaced crossings. When limited ranges of species were considered, the estimated contributions of culvert replacement were reduced (1.65-km range for longnose dace to 12.31 km for small coastal cutthroat and rainbow trout). Numbers of fish contributed ranged from less than 500 (longnose dace) to greater than 100000 (sculpin). Although our framework can address the question of effectiveness in a broad array of stream and crossing configurations, much stronger inferences would be possible if future restoration efforts were designed to address the limitations we encountered in this study, particularly the lack of available information on crossings and species presence prior to restoration, and nonrandom selection of crossings to be replaced. C1 [Chelgren, Nathan D.; Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC) FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC). Kim Clarkin (retired) of the U.S. Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center championed this project from the beginning. Field operations were led by the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region Aquatic and Riparian Ecosystem Monitoring Project (AREMP). Sampling of fish by AREMP was authorized with National Marine Fisheries Service 4d permit number 16862. We are grateful to the efforts of many individuals who contributed to the success of this effort, including S. Lanigan, S. Miller, H. Andersen, J. Blake, K. Blandin, B. Bramburg, W. Burton, A. Gillette, K. Johnston, R. Ley, S. Olind, C. Plumb, B. Ramirez, B. Sahatjian, J. Speece, S. Van Hofwegen, and S. Webster (AREMP); B. Ellis-Sugai and C. Hirsch from U.S. Forest Service, Siuslaw National Forest; J. Capurso of the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region Headquarters; B. Hansen, L. Ellenberg, and N. Breece of the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; D. Bateman, M. Heck, D. Hockman-Wert, D. Leer, and B. Ramirez of the U.S. Geological Survey, FRESC; and M. Hudy of the U.S. Geological Survey, Fisheries Program. Reviews provided by J. Capurso were helpful in revising early drafts of the manuscript. Use of trade or firm names here is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1372 DI 10.1890/14-1108.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL4BU UT WOS:000356898400016 PM 26485961 ER PT J AU Snyder, CD Hitt, NP Young, JA AF Snyder, Craig D. Hitt, Nathaniel P. Young, John A. TI Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brook trout; climate change; groundwater; headwater streams; Salvelinus fontinalis; Shenandoah National Park, USA; thermal habitat ID SHENANDOAH-NATIONAL-PARK; BROOK TROUT MOVEMENT; AIR-TEMPERATURE; APPALACHIAN TROUT; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; RESIDENCE TIMES; UNITED-STATES; NATIVE RANGE; RIVER-BASIN; WATER FISH AB Forecasting climate change effects on aquatic fauna and their habitat requires an understanding of how water temperature responds to changing air temperature (i.e., thermal sensitivity). Previous efforts to forecast climate effects on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat have generally assumed uniform air-water temperature relationships over large areas that cannot account for groundwater inputs and other processes that operate at finer spatial scales. We developed regression models that accounted for groundwater influences on thermal sensitivity from measured air-water temperature relationships within forested watersheds in eastern North America (Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA, 78 sites in nine watersheds). We used these reach-scale models to forecast climate change effects on stream temperature and brook trout thermal habitat, and compared our results to previous forecasts based upon large-scale models. Observed stream temperatures were generally less sensitive to air temperature than previously assumed, and we attribute this to the moderating effect of shallow groundwater inputs. Predicted groundwater temperatures from air-water regression models corresponded well to observed groundwater temperatures elsewhere in the study area. Predictions of brook trout future habitat loss derived from our fine-grained models were far less pessimistic than those from prior models developed at coarser spatial resolutions. However, our models also revealed spatial variation in thermal sensitivity within and among catchments resulting in a patchy distribution of thermally suitable habitat. Habitat fragmentation due to thermal barriers therefore may have an increasingly important role for trout population viability in headwater streams. Our results demonstrate that simple adjustments to air-water temperature regression models can provide a powerful and cost-effective approach for predicting future stream temperatures while accounting for effects of groundwater. C1 [Snyder, Craig D.; Hitt, Nathaniel P.; Young, John A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Snyder, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM csnyder@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Science Center FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Science Center in support of the Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We thank D. Weller, M. Rockey, and E. Snook for their assistance in the field. We are also grateful to D. R. Smith for statistical advice, and to B. Kurylyk and R. Muir for manuscript reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1419 DI 10.1890/14-1354.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL4BU UT WOS:000356898400019 PM 26485964 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Driscoll, CT Evers, DC Hooper, MJ Horan, J Jones, JW Lazarus, RS Marshall, HG Milliken, A Rattner, BA Schmerfeld, J Sparling, DW AF Pinkney, Alfred E. Driscoll, Charles T. Evers, David C. Hooper, Michael J. Horan, Jeffrey Jones, Jess W. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Marshall, Harold G. Milliken, Andrew Rattner, Barnett A. Schmerfeld, John Sparling, Donald W. TI Interactive Effects of Climate Change with Nutrients, Mercury, and Freshwater Acidification on Key Taxa in the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Region SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Algal blooms; Contaminants; Global climate change; Hypoxia; Nutrients AB The North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative LCC (NA LCC) is a public-private partnership that provides information to support conservation decisions that may be affected by global climate change (GCC) and other threats. The NA LCC region extends from southeast Virginia to the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Within this region, the US National Climate Assessment documented increases in air temperature, total precipitation, frequency of heavy precipitation events, and rising sea level, and predicted more drastic changes. Here, we synthesize literature on the effects of GCC interacting with selected contaminant, nutrient, and environmental processes to adversely affect natural resources within this region. Using a case study approach, we focused on 3 stressors with sufficient NA LCC region-specific information for an informed discussion. We describe GCC interactions with a contaminant (Hg) and 2 complex environmental phenomena-freshwater acidification and eutrophication. We also prepared taxa case studies on GCC- and GCC-contaminant/nutrient/process effects on amphibians and freshwater mussels. Several avian species of high conservation concern have blood Hg concentrations that have been associated with reduced nesting success. Freshwater acidification has adversely affected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Adirondacks and other areas of the region that are slowly recovering due to decreased emissions of N and sulfur oxides. Eutrophication in many estuaries within the region is projected to increase from greater storm runoff and less denitrification in riparian wetlands. Estuarine hypoxia may be exacerbated by increased stratification. Elevated water temperature favors algal species that produce harmful algal blooms (HABs). In several of the region's estuaries, HABs have been associated with bird die-offs. In the NA LCC region, amphibian populations appear to be declining. Some species may be adversely affected by GCC through higher temperatures and more frequent droughts. GCC may affect freshwater mussel populations via altered stream temperatures and increased sediment loading during heavy storms. Freshwater mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia that more toxic at higher temperatures. We recommend studying the interactive effects of GCC on generation and bioavailability of methylmercury and how GCC-driven shifts in bird species distributions will affect avian exposure to methylmercury. Research is needed on how decreases in acid deposition concurrent with GCC will alter the structure and function of sensitive watersheds and surface waters. Studies are needed to determine how GCC will affect HABs and avian disease, and how more severe and extensive hypoxia will affect fish and shellfish populations. Regarding amphibians, we suggest research on 1) thermal tolerance and moisture requirements of species of concern, 2) effects of multiple stressors (temperature, desiccation, contaminants, nutrients), and 3) approaches to mitigate impacts of increased temperature and seasonal drought. We recommend studies to assess which mussel species and populations are vulnerable and which are resilient to rising stream temperatures, hydrological shifts, and ionic pollutants, all of which are influenced by GCC. (C) 2014 SETAC C1 [Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Horan, Jeffrey; Milliken, Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Reg Off, Hadley, MA USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Marshall, Harold G.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Schmerfeld, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuges, Arlington, VA USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM fred_pinkney@fws.gov OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region Science Applications Program FX We appreciate the support of the US Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region Science Applications Program. Comments from Tom Augspurger (USFWS), Peter Murdoch (USGS), and Bruce Stein (National Wildlife Federation), the journal reviewers, and editor are appreciated. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 355 EP 369 DI 10.1002/ieam.1612 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CL5RZ UT WOS:000357019400005 PM 25556986 ER PT J AU Fieberg, J Johnson, DH AF Fieberg, John Johnson, Douglas H. TI MMI: Multimodel inference or models with management implications? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE causation; effect size; mechanism; model selection; multicollinearity; multimodel inference; observational data; overfitting; prediction; statistics ID REGRESSION; SELECTION; ECOLOGISTS; BOOTSTRAP AB We consider a variety of regression modeling strategies for analyzing observational data associated with typical wildlife studies, including all subsets and stepwise regression, a single full model, and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)-based multimodel inference. Although there are advantages and disadvantages to each approach, we suggest that there is no unique best way to analyze data. Further, we argue that, although multimodel inference can be useful in natural resource management, the importance of considering causality and accurately estimating effect sizes is greater than simply considering a variety of models. Determining causation is far more valuable than simply indicating how the response variable and explanatory variables covaried within a data set, especially when the data set did not arise from a controlled experiment. Understanding the causal mechanism will provide much better predictions beyond the range of data observed. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fieberg, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 2003 Upper Buford Circle,Suite 135, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jfieberg@umn.edu NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 708 EP 718 DI 10.1002/jwmg.894 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900004 ER PT J AU Barker, RJ Link, WA AF Barker, Richard J. Link, William A. TI Truth, models, model sets, AIC, and multimodel inference: A Bayesian perspective SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AIC; Bayesian analysis; BIC; DIC; model selection; multi-model inference ID SELECTION; CRITERION AB Statistical inference begins with viewing data as realizations of stochastic processes. Mathematical models provide partial descriptions of these processes; inference is the process of using the data to obtain a more complete description of the stochastic processes. Wildlife and ecological scientists have become increasingly concerned with the conditional nature of model-based inference: what if the model is wrong? Over the last 2 decades, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) has been widely and increasingly used in wildlife statistics for 2 related purposes, first for model choice and second to quantify model uncertainty. We argue that for the second of these purposes, the Bayesian paradigm provides the natural framework for describing uncertainty associated with model choice and provides the most easily communicated basis for model weighting. Moreover, Bayesian arguments provide the sole justification for interpreting model weights (including AIC weights) as coherent (mathematically self consistent) model probabilities. This interpretation requires treating the model as an exact description of the data-generating mechanism. We discuss the implications of this assumption, and conclude that more emphasis is needed on model checking to provide confidence in the quality of inference. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Link, William A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Barker, RJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM rbarker@maths.otago.ac.nz NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 730 EP 738 DI 10.1002/jwmg.890 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900006 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Maichak, EJ Rogerson, JD Irvine, KM Jones, JD Heisey, DM Edwards, WH Scurlock, BM AF Cross, Paul C. Maichak, Eric J. Rogerson, Jared D. Irvine, Kathryn M. Jones, Jennifer D. Heisey, Dennis M. Edwards, William H. Scurlock, Brandon M. TI Estimating the phenology of elk brucellosis transmission with hierarchical models of cause-specific and baseline hazards SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; survival analysis; time to event; vaginal implant transmitter; wildlife disease ID VAGINAL-IMPLANT TRANSMITTERS; COMPETING-RISKS; BISON; CATTLE; MANAGEMENT; REGRESSION; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; TIME AB Understanding the seasonal timing of disease transmission can lead to more effective control strategies, but the seasonality of transmission is often unknown for pathogens transmitted directly. We inserted vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) in 575 elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) from 2006 to 2014 to assess when reproductive failures (i.e., abortions or still births) occur, which is the primary transmission route of Brucella abortus, the causative agent of brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Using a survival analysis framework, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that simultaneously estimated the total baseline hazard of a reproductive event as well as its 2 mutually exclusive parts (abortions or live births). Approximately, 16% (95% CI=0.10, 0.23) of the pregnant seropositive elk had reproductive failures, whereas 2% (95% CI=0.01, 0.04) of the seronegative elk had probable abortions. Reproductive failures could have occurred as early as 13 February and as late as 10 July, peaking from March through May. Model results suggest that less than 5% of likely abortions occurred after 6 June each year and abortions were approximately 5 times more likely in March, April, or May compared to February or June. In western Wyoming, supplemental feeding of elk begins in December and ends during the peak of elk abortions and brucellosis transmission (i.e., Mar and Apr). Years with more snow may enhance elk-to-elk transmission on supplemental feeding areas because elk are artificially aggregated for the majority of the transmission season. Elk-to-cattle transmission will depend on the transmission period relative to the end of the supplemental feeding season, elk seroprevalence, population size, and the amount of commingling. Our statistical approach allowed us to estimate the probability density function of different event types over time, which may be applicable to other cause-specific survival analyses. It is often challenging to assess the cause of death, or in this case whether the reproductive event was an abortion or live birth. Accounting for uncertainty in the event type is an important future addition to our methodological approach. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Cross, Paul C.; Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Maichak, Eric J.; Rogerson, Jared D.; Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Jones, Jennifer D.] Montana State Univ, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Edwards, William H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership; Morris Animal Foundation; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; American Museum of Natural History's Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund; Iowa State University; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant [DEB-1067129]; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank P. J. White, S. Cubaynes, and several anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of this paper, J. Jennings-Gaines and H. Killion for serologic testing, and D. Stinson and T. Schell for aerial flights. J. Henningsen, A. Barbknecht, L. Linn-Meadows, W.S. Fairbanks, K. Belinda, C. Hansen, D. Damm, J. Brown, C. Brown, E. Tooker, B. Wise, K. Campbell, D. Clark, B. Lozier, T. Peden, B. Klareen, T. Haverberger, J. Schmidt, M. Shaffer, B. King, and many others assisted with VIT monitoring and retrievals. This work was supported by the Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, Morris Animal Foundation, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, The American Museum of Natural History's Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund, Iowa State University, National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant DEB-1067129, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1002/jwmg.883 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900007 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, KM Thompson, FR Semlitsch, RD AF O'Donnell, Katherine M. Thompson, Frank R., III Semlitsch, Raymond D. TI Prescribed fire and timber harvest effects on terrestrial salamander abundance, detectability, and microhabitat use SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibian; forest management; hierarchical model; Missouri; N-mixture model; oak regeneration; Ozarks; partial harvest; Plethodon serratus; shelterwood ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; SHORT-TERM; WOODLAND SALAMANDER; FUEL REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; WILDFIRE AB Prescribed fire and timber harvest are anthropogenic disturbances that modify resource availability and ecosystem structure, and can affect wildlife both directly and indirectly. Terrestrial salamanders are effective indicators of forest health due to their high abundance and sensitivity to microclimatic conditions. Given their ecological importance, it is critical to understand how forest salamanders respond to management-related disturbances. We predicted that timber harvest and prescribed fire would decrease salamander abundance and availability, and increase salamander cover object use. We surveyed for southern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon serratus) over 9 sampling periods from 2010 to 2014 in a Missouri Ozark (USA) forest, and used binomial mixture models to estimate abundance and detectability in a large-scale Before-After, Control-Impact (BACI) experiment. Five replicate 5-ha units were randomly assigned to each treatment (prescribed burn, shelterwood harvest, midstory herbicide) and control. We compared abundance, surface activity, detectability, and microhabitat use among treatments. Abundance and surface activity decreased post-treatment in shelterwood, midstory, and burn units. Abundance estimates in midstory and burn units rebounded in the second post-treatment year but declined further in shelterwood harvest units. Overall, treatments had stronger effects on salamander availability than on actual abundance. We also found a higher proportion of salamanders under cover objects after prescribed fire, further illustrating the importance of accounting for imperfect detectability. Our findings foster a more robust understanding of the mechanisms underlying population-level responses to management practices, ultimately increasing our ability to manage terrestrial salamanders effectively. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [O'Donnell, Katherine M.; Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP O'Donnell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM odonnell.katie.m@gmail.com OI O'Donnell, Katherine/0000-0001-9023-174X FU Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) fellowship; USDA Forest Service [10-JV-11242311-061]; Northern and Southern Research Stations; University of Missouri FX We thank D. Drake, A. Senters, A. Milo, J. Philbrick, N. Thompson, B. Ousterhout, M. Osbourn, G. Connette, K. Connette, K. Romine, A. Hopping, P. Fisher, and A. McKellar for field assistance; and J. Kabrick and T. Nall for logistical support. Reviews from A. Messerman, B. Ousterhout, other R.D.S. lab members, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. K.M.O. was supported by a Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) fellowship. This is a contribution of the Regional Oak Study initiated by the Forest Service, USDA, Southern Research Station, Upland Hardwood Ecology and Management Research Work Unit (SRS-4157) in partnership with the USDA Northern Research Station, Sustainable Management of Central Hardwood Ecosystems and Landscapes Work Unit (NRS-11), the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the Stevenson Land Company, and the Mark Twain National Forest. Support for this study was provided by the USDA Forest Service (Cooperative Agreement 10-JV-11242311-061), Northern and Southern Research Stations, and the University of Missouri. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 18 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 766 EP 775 DI 10.1002/jwmg.884 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900009 ER PT J AU Lockyer, ZB Coates, PS Casazza, ML Espinosa, S Delehanty, DJ AF Lockyer, Zachary B. Coates, Peter S. Casazza, Michael L. Espinosa, Shawn Delehanty, David J. TI Nest-site selection and reproductive success of greater sage-grouse in a fire-affected habitat of northwestern Nevada SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Bromus tectorum; Centrocercus urophasianus; cheatgrass; greater sage-grouse; habitat selection; micro-habitat; nest survival; Nevada; percent shrub cover; sagebrush ID CROSS-SCALE CORRELATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; BIG SAGEBRUSH; MONO COUNTY; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; GUIDELINES; CALIFORNIA; COVER AB Identifying links between micro-habitat selection and wildlife reproduction is imperative to population persistence and recovery. This information is particularly important for landscape species such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse). Although this species has been widely studied, because environmental factors can affect sage-grouse populations, local and regional studies are crucial for developing viable conservation strategies. We studied the habitat-use patterns of 71 radio-marked sage-grouse inhabiting an area affected by wildfire in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada during 2009-2011 to determine the effect of micro-habitat attributes on reproductive success. We measured standard vegetation parameters at nest and random sites using a multi-scale approach (range=0.01-15,527ha). We used an information-theoretic modeling approach to identify environmental factors influencing nest-site selection and survival, and determine whether nest survival was a function of resource selection. Sage-grouse selected micro-sites with greater shrub canopy cover and less cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover than random sites. Total shrub canopy, including sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and other shrub species, at small spatial scales (0.8ha and 3.1ha) was the single contributing selection factor to higher nest survival. These results indicate that reducing the risk of wildfire to maintain important sagebrush habitats could be emphasized in sage-grouse conservation strategies in Nevada. Managers may seek to mitigate the influx of annual grass invasion by preserving large intact sagebrush-dominated stands with a mixture of other shrub species. For this area of Nevada, the results suggest that 40% total shrub canopy cover in sage-grouse nesting areas could yield improved reproductive success. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Lockyer, Zachary B.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Coates, Peter S.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Espinosa, Shawn] Nevada Dept Wildlife, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Lockyer, ZB (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1345 Barton Rd, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. EM zach.lockyer@idfg.idaho.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 785 EP 797 DI 10.1002/jwmg.899 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900011 ER PT J AU Murphy, SM Cox, JJ Clark, JD Augustine, BC Hast, JT Gibbs, D Strunk, M Dobey, S AF Murphy, Sean M. Cox, John J. Clark, Joseph D. Augustine, Ben C. Hast, John T. Gibbs, Dan Strunk, Michael Dobey, Steven TI Rapid growth and genetic diversity retention in an isolated reintroduced black bear population in the central appalachians SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Appalachia; black bear; demographics; founder event; iteroparous; Kentucky; population genetics; reintroduction; Tennessee; Ursus americanus ID MARK-RECAPTURE POPULATION; NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; MULTIPLE ALLELES; URSUS-AMERICANUS; HARDY-WEINBERG; GRIZZLY BEARS; BROWN BEAR; SIZE; CAPTURE AB Animal reintroductions are important tools of wildlife management to restore species to their historical range, and they can also create unique opportunities to study population dynamics and genetics from founder events. We used non-invasive hair sampling in a systematic, closed-population capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study design at the Big South Fork (BSF) area in Kentucky during 2010 and Tennessee during 2012 to estimate the demographic and genetic characteristics of the black bear (Ursus americanus) population that resulted from a reintroduced founding population of 18 bears in 1998. We estimated 38 (95% CI: 31-66) and 190 (95% CI: 170-219) bears on the Kentucky and Tennessee study areas, respectively. Based on the Tennessee abundance estimate alone, the mean annual growth rate was 18.3% (95% CI: 17.4-19.5%) from 1998 to 2012. We also compared the genetic characteristics of bears sampled during 2010-2012 to bears in the population during 2000-2002, 2-4 years following reintroduction, and to the source population. We found that the level of genetic diversity since reintroduction as indicated by expected heterozygosity (H-E) remained relatively constant (H-E(source,H- 2004)=0.763, H-E(BSF,H- 2000-2002)=0.729, H-E(BSF,H- 2010-2012)=0.712) and the effective number of breeders (N-B) remained low but had increased since reintroduction in the absence of sufficient immigration (N-B(BSF,N- 2000-2002)=12, N-B(BSF,N- 2010-2012)=35). This bear population appears to be genetically isolated, but contrary to our expectations, we did not find evidence of genetic diversity loss or other deleterious genetic effects typically observed from small founder groups. We attribute that to high initial genetic diversity in the founder group combined with overlapping generations and rapid population growth. Although the population remains relatively small, the reintroduction using a small founder group appears to be demographically and genetically sustainable. (c) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Murphy, Sean M.; Cox, John J.; Hast, John T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Augustine, Ben C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gibbs, Dan] Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Morristown, NJ 37814 USA. [Strunk, Michael] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Parkers Lake, KY 42634 USA. [Dobey, Steven] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Murphy, SM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 214 Thomas Poe Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM smmurp2@uky.edu OI Murphy, Sean/0000-0002-9404-8878 FU Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; University of Kentucky; University of Tennessee; United States Geological Survey FX This study was funded by Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, University of Kentucky, University of Tennessee, and United States Geological Survey. We thank J. Metzmeier, T. Reed, and agency personnel with the Stearns Ranger District of the Daniel Boone National Forest for providing housing, assistance, and access to United States Forest Service lands. We also thank S. Bakaletz and the National Park Service for their assistance and permission to conduct this study within Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. We are grateful for field assistance provided by B. Murphy and S. Daniels, as well as personnel from Beaver Creek Wildlife Management Area, Pickett State Park, Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources, and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. We thank the Rowe family and the many other private land owners of the BSF area for their support during our research efforts. We appreciate the comments from 2 anonymous reviewers, J. Sanderlin, J. Guthrie, F. van Manen, and M. Davidson on drafts of this manuscript. Lastly, we would like to thank G. Wathen and C. Coffee of Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and L. Morgan of the National Park Service for championing the project; without your efforts, the reintroduction would have never taken place. To the best of our knowledge, no author conflict of interest, financial or other, exists. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 106 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 807 EP 818 DI 10.1002/jwmg.886 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900013 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Allen, CD AF McDowell, Nathan G. Allen, Craig D. TI Darcy's law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TREE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; VEGETATION; HEAT AB Drought and heat-induced tree mortality is accelerating in many forest biomes as a consequence of a warming climate, resulting in a threat to global forests unlike any in recorded history(1-12). Forests store the majority of terrestrial carbon, thus their loss may have significant and sustained impacts on the global carbon cycle(11,12). We use a hydraulic corollary to Darcys law, a core principle of vascular plant physiology(13), to predict characteristics of plants that will survive and die during drought under warmer future climates. Plants that are tall with isohydric stomatal regulation, low hydraulic conductance, and high leaf area are most likely to die from future drought stress. Thus, tall trees of old-growth forests are at the greatest risk of loss, which has ominous implications for terrestrial carbon storage. This application of Darcys law indicates todays forests generally should be replaced by shorter and more xeric plants, owing to future warmer droughts and associated wildfires and pest attacks. The Darcys corollary also provides a simple, robust framework for informing forest management interventions needed to promote the survival of current forests. Given the robustness of Darcys law for predictions of vascular plant function, we conclude with high certainty that todays forests are going to be subject to continued increases in mortality rates that will result in substantial reorganization of their structure and carbon storage. C1 [McDowell, Nathan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov FU European Union grant EUFORINNO; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; Ecosystems and Climate-Land Use programs of the US Geological Survey FX The writing of this manuscript was supported by a European Union grant EUFORINNO, the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, and the Ecosystems and Climate-Land Use programs of the US Geological Survey. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 19 U2 135 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 5 IS 7 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2641 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL3AV UT WOS:000356821900020 ER PT J AU Ramskov, T Thit, A Croteau, MN Selck, H AF Ramskov, Tina Thit, Amalie Croteau, Marie-Noele Selck, Henriette TI Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete - Part I: Relative importance of water and sediment as exposure routes SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodynamic model; Freshwater; Lumbriculus variegatus; Metal; Nanoecotoxicity; Stable isotope tracer ID LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS OLIGOCHAETA; FRESH-WATER; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; CUO NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; BIOACCUMULATION AB Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used, and likely released into the aquatic environment. Both aqueous (i.e., dissolved Cu) and particulate Cu can be taken up by organisms. However, how exposure routes influence the bioavailability and subsequent toxicity of Cu remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the importance of exposure routes (water and sediment) and Cu forms (aqueous and nanoparticulate) on Cu bioavailability and toxicity to the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, a head-down deposit-feeder. We characterize the bioaccumulation dynamics of Cu in L. variegatus across a range of exposure concentrations, covering both realistic and worst-case levels of Cu contamination in the environment. Both aqueous Cu (Cu-Aq; administered as Cu(NO3)(2)) and nanoparticulate Cu (CuO NPs), whether dispersed in artificial moderately hard freshwater or mixed into sediment, were weakly accumulated by L. variegatus. Once incorporated into tissues, Cu elimination was negligible, i.e., elimination rate constants were in general not different from zero for either exposure route or either Cu form. Toxicity was only observed after waterborne exposure to Cu-Aq at very high concentration (305 mu g L-1), where all worms died. There was no relationship between exposure route, Cu form or Cu exposure concentration on either worm survival or growth. Slow feeding rates and low Cu assimilation efficiency (approximately 30%) characterized the uptake of Cu from the sediment for both Cu forms. In nature, L. variegatus is potentially exposed to Cu via both water and sediment. However, sediment progressively becomes the predominant exposure route for Cu in L variegatus as Cu partitioning to sediment increases. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramskov, Tina; Thit, Amalie; Selck, Henriette] Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Ramskov, Tina; Croteau, Marie-Noele; Selck, Henriette] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ramskov, T (reprint author), Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change, POB 260,Univ Vej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM tramskov@hotmail.com; athitj@ruc.dk; mcroteau@usgs.gov; selck@ruc.dk FU Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Roskilde University (Denmark); Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) (NanoReTox) [214478] FX The authors would like to thank Superb Misra, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom for providing the nanoparticles used. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation by a travel grant to Tina Ramskov (EliteForsk). Additional funding has been received from Roskilde University (Denmark), The Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation, and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 214478 (NanoReTox). Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are grateful to Michelle Hornberger (US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA) for commenting on the manuscript. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 164 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.022 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA CL1XW UT WOS:000356739200010 PM 25935103 ER PT J AU Almberg, ES Cross, PC Dobson, AP Smith, DW Metz, MC Stahler, DR Hudson, PJ AF Almberg, E. S. Cross, P. C. Dobson, A. P. Smith, D. W. Metz, M. C. Stahler, D. R. Hudson, P. J. TI Social living mitigates the costs of a chronic illness in a cooperative carnivore SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Grey wolf; infection costs; infection risk; parasite; sarcoptic mange; sociality; social immunity ID SARCOPTIC MANGE; GROUP-SIZE; CRITICAL-CARE; TRADE-OFFS; WOLVES; IMMUNITY; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGEN; MODELS AB Infection risk is assumed to increase with social group size, and thus be a cost of group living. We assess infection risk and costs with respect to group size using data from an epidemic of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) among grey wolves (Canis lupus). We demonstrate that group size does not predict infection risk and that individual costs of infection, in terms of reduced survival, can be entirely offset by having sufficient numbers of pack-mates. Infected individuals experience increased mortality hazards with increasing proportions of infected pack-mates, but healthy individuals remain unaffected. The social support of group hunting and territory defence are two possible mechanisms mediating infection costs. This is likely a common phenomenon among other social species and chronic infections, but difficult to detect in systems where infection status cannot be measured continuously over time. C1 [Almberg, E. S.; Hudson, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cross, P. C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Dobson, A. P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dobson, A. P.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Smith, D. W.; Metz, M. C.; Stahler, D. R.] Yellowstone Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. [Metz, M. C.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Almberg, ES (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM esa5046@psu.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU Park Oriented Biological Support grant from the US Geological Survey; National Park Service; National Science Foundation [DDIG-1311409, DEB-0613730, DEB-1245373] FX The authors acknowledge R. Raymond, C. Anton, N. Bowersock, C. Burnett, E. Stahler and the Yellowstone Wolf Project staff members for their assistance with data collection. ESA would like to thank I. Cattadori, M. Ferrari, M. Thomas, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful discussion and insightful comments on early drafts of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by a Park Oriented Biological Support grant from the US Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and National Science Foundation grants DDIG-1311409, DEB-0613730, and DEB-1245373. We also thank the many donors to the Yellowstone Park Foundation and Yellowstone Wolf Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 18 IS 7 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1111/ele.12444 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0CJ UT WOS:000356606100007 PM 25983011 ER PT J AU Whitlock, SL Quist, MC Dux, AM AF Whitlock, Steven L. Quist, Michael C. Dux, Andrew M. TI Incubation success and habitat selection of shore-spawning kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka: effects of water-level regulation and habitat characteristics SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Water-level regulation; incubation; shoreline spawning; kokanee; groundwater ID SOUTHERN INDIAN LAKE; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; REDD SITE SELECTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BODY-SIZE; CHINOOK SALMON; MYSIS-RELICTA; PEND OREILLE; BOREAL LAKE; STREAM AB Changes to water-level regimes have been known to restructure fish assemblages and interfere with the population dynamics of both littoral and pelagic species. The effect of altered water-level regimes on shore-spawning kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka incubation success was evaluated using a comprehensive in situ study in Lake Pend Oreille, ID, USA. Survival was not related to substrate size composition or depth, indicating that shore-spawning kokanee do not currently receive a substrate-mediated survival benefit from higher winter water levels. Substrate composition also did not differ among isobaths in the nearshore area. On average, the odds of an egg surviving to the preemergent stage were more than three times greater for sites in downwelling areas than those lacking downwelling. This study revealed that shoreline spawning habitat is not as limited as previously thought. Downwelling areas appear to contribute substantially to shore-spawning kokanee recruitment. This research illustrates the value of rigorous in situ studies both for testing potential mechanisms underlying population trends and providing insight into spawning habitat selection. C1 [Whitlock, Steven L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID USA. [Dux, Andrew M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID USA. RP Whitlock, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 180 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.whitlock@oregonstate.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Idaho; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank William Ament, William Harryman, Nicholas Wahl, Kelly Carter-Lynn, Jim Fredericks, Rob Ryan, Peter Rust, Jordan Frye and Elizabeth Ng for assistance with the in situ study. The authors also thank Michelle Wiest for statistical support. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Bonneville Power Administration. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2012-7. The use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 412 EP 423 DI 10.1111/eff.12156 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7ZG UT WOS:000356455900007 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, JJ Paukert, CP Healy, BD Kelley, CA Whiting, DP AF Spurgeon, Jonathan J. Paukert, Craig P. Healy, Brian D. Kelley, Cheryl A. Whiting, Daniel P. TI Can translocated native fishes retain their trophic niche when confronted with a resident invasive? SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE humpback chub; translocation; reintroduction; isotopes; food web ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; HUMPBACK CHUB; PREY AVAILABILITY; NONNATIVE FISHES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; CUTTHROAT TROUT; DESERT STREAM AB Diet interactions between native and non-native fishes may influence the establishment of native species within their historical range (i.e., reintroduction). Therefore, we illustrated the food web structure of and followed the transition of the federally endangered humpback chub Gilacypha into a novel food web following translocation and determined the potential for a non-native species, rainbow trout Oncorhynchusmykiss, to influence translocation success. Humpback chub and rainbow trout used resources high in the food web and assimilated similar proportions of native fishes, suggesting non-native rainbow trout may occupy an ecological role similar to humpback chub. Subsequently, humpback chub may be well suited to colonise tributaries because of their ability to consume resources high in the food web. Additionally, diet partitioning may occur between all members of the fish community as indicated by separation in trophic niche space and little trophic overlap; although all species, particularly bluehead sucker Catostomusdiscobolus, used a broad range of food resources. Rainbow trout stomach content analysis corroborated stable isotope analysis and suggested rainbow trout diet consisted of aquatic and terrestrial macroinvertebrates, while larger rainbow trout (>120mm total length) consumed a greater proportion of fish (incidence of piscivory=5.3%). Trophic interactions may reveal an underutilized niche space or biotic resistance to the establishment of translocated native fishes. Continued translocation of humpback chub into tributaries appears to be one option for conservation. However, successful establishment of humpback chub may depend on continued removal of non-native trout, increasing availability of diet sources at higher trophic levels. C1 [Spurgeon, Jonathan J.; Whiting, Daniel P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Healy, Brian D.] Natl Pk Serv, Grand Canyon Natl Pk, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Kelley, Cheryl A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Spurgeon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 243A Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Jonathan.Spurgeon@Huskers.unl.edu RI Kelley, Cheryl/K-9392-2015 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, NRPP Program, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. We thank numerous biologists, technicians, volunteers and others who helped with field collections, logistics and all other aspects of the project. We particularly thank Emily Omana-Smith, Melissa Trammell and Dave Speas for discussions about the study. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade names or products does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey or other sponsoring or participating agencies. This research was permitted under NPS Scientific Research and Collecting Permit number GRCA-2010-SCI-0010, study number GRCA-00543. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 456 EP 466 DI 10.1111/eff.12160 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7ZG UT WOS:000356455900011 ER PT J AU Bigorgne, E Custer, TW Dummer, PM Erickson, RA Karouna-Renier, N Schultz, S Custer, CM Thogmartin, WE Matson, CW AF Bigorgne, Emilie Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. Erickson, Richard A. Karouna-Renier, Natalie Schultz, Sandra Custer, Christine M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Matson, Cole W. TI Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tree swallows; Biomarker; Chromosomal damage; EROD; Oxidative stress ID BLUE HERON EGGS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; DNA-DAMAGE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BIOMARKER RESPONSE AB The health of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) was assessed in 2010 and 2011 using biomarkers at six sites downriver of Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area, a tributary into the UMR, and a nearby lake. Chromosomal damage was evaluated in nestling blood by measuring the coefficient of variation of DNA content (DNA CV) using flow cytometry. Cytochrome P450 1A activity in nestling liver was measured using the ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) assay, and oxidative stress was estimated in nestling livers via determination of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the ratio GSSG/GSH, total sulfhydryl, and protein bound sulfhydryl (PBSH). A multilevel regression model (DNA CV) and simple regressions (EROD and oxidative stress) were used to evaluate biomarker responses for each location. Chromosomal damage was significantly elevated at two sites on the UMR (Pigs Eye and Pool 2) relative to the Green Mountain Lake reference site, while the induction of EROD activity was only observed at Pigs Eye. No measures of oxidative stress differed among sites. Multivariate analysis confirmed an increased DNA CV at Pigs Eye and Pool 2, and elevated EROD activity at Pigs Eye. These results suggest that the health of tree swallows has been altered at the DNA level at Pigs Eye and Pool 2 sites, and at the physiological level at Pigs Eye site only. C1 [Bigorgne, Emilie; Matson, Cole W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Bigorgne, Emilie; Matson, Cole W.] Baylor Univ, CRASR, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul M.; Erickson, Richard A.; Custer, Christine M.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Karouna-Renier, Natalie; Schultz, Sandra] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Matson, CW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM cole_matson@baylor.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519; Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X; Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Michigan Water Center, a center of the Graham Sustainability Institute; Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation; University of Michigan FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Michigan Water Center, a center of the Graham Sustainability Institute. The Water Center is supported by funds from the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation and the University of Michigan. We thank Steve Lenhart, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Hastings, MN; Helen C. Nelson, Buffalo, MN; City of South St. Paul; MN Dept. of Transportation; Jim Nissen, Upper Mississippi River National Fish and Wildlife Refuge; the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad, and other landowners for allowing us to have nest boxes up on their properties; Dwayne Houdek for boat storage; and Pete Boma, Dave Warburton, Zachary Jorgenson, Jennifer Herner-Thogmartin, Melissa Meier and Max Weber for field assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1039 DI 10.1007/s10646-015-1443-7 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CK0WU UT WOS:000355927100006 PM 25777616 ER PT J AU Neckles, HA Lyons, JE Guntenspergen, GR Shriver, WG Adamowicz, SC AF Neckles, Hilary A. Lyons, James E. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Shriver, W. Gregory Adamowicz, Susan C. TI Use of Structured Decision Making to Identify Monitoring Variables and Management Priorities for Salt Marsh Ecosystems SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Decision analysis; Salt marsh; Ecosystem monitoring; Environmental management; Measurable attributes; National Wildlife Refuge ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; TIDAL MARSHES; RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; HABITATS; CRITERIA AB Most salt marshes in the USA have been degraded by human activities, and coastal managers are faced with complex choices among possible actions to restore or enhance ecosystem integrity. We applied structured decision making (SDM) to guide selection of monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marshes within the National Wildlife Refuge System in the northeastern USA. In general, SDM is a systematic process for decomposing a decision into its essential elements. We first engaged stakeholders in clarifying regional salt marsh decision problems, defining objectives and attributes to evaluate whether objectives are achieved, and developing a pool of alternative management actions for achieving objectives. Through this process, we identified salt marsh attributes that were applicable to monitoring National Wildlife Refuges on a regional scale and that targeted management needs. We then analyzed management decisions within three salt marsh units at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, coastal Delaware, as a case example of prioritizing management alternatives. Values for salt marsh attributes were estimated from 2 years of baseline monitoring data and expert opinion. We used linear value modeling to aggregate multiple attributes into a single performance score for each alternative, constrained optimization to identify alternatives that maximized total management benefits subject to refuge-wide cost constraints, and used graphical analysis to identify the optimal set of alternatives for the refuge. SDM offers an efficient, transparent approach for integrating monitoring into management practice and improving the quality of management decisions. C1 [Neckles, Hilary A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Adamowicz, Susan C.] US Fish & Wildlife, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Neckles, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM hneckles@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Refuge Cooperative Research Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region FX We thank Sarah Converse and Michael Runge for organizing and inviting our participation in the April 2008 SDM workshop that set the stage for this project; their leadership in applying SDM to natural resource management was instrumental in establishing project direction. We also thank Harold Laskowski and Janith Taylor for identifying the need to incorporate salt marsh assessments in NWRS management decisions and for actively participating in our SDM process to frame refuge salt marsh issues. We are grateful also to the other participants in the 2008 and 2012 workshops for their valuable time and expertise: Paul Castelli, Kelly Chadbourne, Bill Crouch, Susan Guiteras, Jeff Horan, Curt Kessler, Annabella Larsen, Roy Lowe, Ronald Thom, Bill Thompson, and Patrick Walther. The maps in Figs. 1 and 2 were expertly prepared by Toni Mikula and Susan Guiteras, respectively. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of Melinda Knutson and two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Refuge Cooperative Research Program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1232 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9822-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CL0AP UT WOS:000356601100012 ER PT J AU Kovach, RP Muhlfeld, CC Wade, AA Hand, BK Whited, DC DeHaan, PW Al-Chokhachy, R Luikart, G AF Kovach, Ryan P. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Wade, Alisa A. Hand, Brian K. Whited, Diane C. DeHaan, Patrick W. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Luikart, Gordon TI Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bull trout; climate change; conservation genetics; genetic diversity; salmonid; stream flow; temperature; vulnerability ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STREAM TEMPERATURES; SPAWNING HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; CONSERVATION AB Understanding how climatic variation influences ecological and evolutionary processes is crucial for informed conservation decision-making. Nevertheless, few studies have measured how climatic variation influences genetic diversity within populations or how genetic diversity is distributed across space relative to future climatic stress. Here, we tested whether patterns of genetic diversity (allelic richness) were related to climatic variation and habitat features in 130 bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations from 24 watersheds (i.e., similar to 4-7th order river subbasins) across the Columbia River Basin, USA. We then determined whether bull trout genetic diversity was related to climate vulnerability at the watershed scale, which we quantified on the basis of exposure to future climatic conditions (projected scenarios for the 2040s) and existing habitat complexity. We found a strong gradient in genetic diversity in bull trout populations across the Columbia River Basin, where populations located in the most upstream headwater areas had the greatest genetic diversity. After accounting for spatial patterns with linear mixed models, allelic richness in bull trout populations was positively related to habitat patch size and complexity, and negatively related to maximum summer temperature and the frequency of winter flooding. These relationships strongly suggest that climatic variation influences evolutionary processes in this threatened species and that genetic diversity will likely decrease due to future climate change. Vulnerability at a watershed scale was negatively correlated with average genetic diversity (r=-0.77; P<0.001); watersheds containing populations with lower average genetic diversity generally had the lowest habitat complexity, warmest stream temperatures, and greatest frequency of winter flooding. Together, these findings have important conservation implications for bull trout and other imperiled species. Genetic diversity is already depressed where climatic vulnerability is highest; it will likely erode further in the very places where diversity may be most needed for future persistence. C1 [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Wade, Alisa A.; Hand, Brian K.; Whited, Diane C.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Flathead Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [DeHaan, Patrick W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Program, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kovach, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM rkovach@usgs.gov FU Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; NASA; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship; NSF-DEB [1258203] FX This work was funded by the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center, the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and NASA. A USGS Mendenhall Fellowship partially supported RPK. GL and RPK were also partially supported by NSF-DEB 1258203. We would like to thank the numerous biologists and technicians from various natural resource agencies who provided genetic samples used in this study as well as the USFWS and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks laboratory technicians who provided genotyping assistance. This manuscript benefitted greatly from helpful comments provided by Jason Dunham and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 111 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2510 EP 2524 DI 10.1111/gcb.12850 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK7OS UT WOS:000356422500006 ER PT J AU Treat, CC Natali, SM Ernakovich, J Iversen, CM Lupascu, M McGuire, AD Norby, RJ Chowdhury, TR Richter, A Santruckova, H Schadel, C Schuur, EAG Sloan, VL Turetsky, MR Waldrop, MP AF Treat, Claire C. Natali, Susan M. Ernakovich, Jessica Iversen, Colleen M. Lupascu, Massimo McGuire, Anthony David Norby, Richard J. Chowdhury, Taniya Roy Richter, Andreas Santruckova, Hana Schaedel, Christina Schuur, Edward A. G. Sloan, Victoria L. Turetsky, Merritt R. Waldrop, Mark P. TI A pan-Arctic synthesis of CH4 and CO2 production from anoxic soil incubations SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic incubation; arctic; boreal; carbon dioxide; climate change; methane; permafrost ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; METHANE PRODUCTION; PERMAFROST THAW; CARBON RELEASE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; NORTHERN WETLANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS-PRODUCTION; PEAT SOILS; TUNDRA AB Permafrost thaw can alter the soil environment through changes in soil moisture, frequently resulting in soil saturation, a shift to anaerobic decomposition, and changes in the plant community. These changes, along with thawing of previously frozen organic material, can alter the form and magnitude of greenhouse gas production from permafrost ecosystems. We synthesized existing methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production measurements from anaerobic incubations of boreal and tundra soils from the geographic permafrost region to evaluate large-scale controls of anaerobic CO2 and CH4 production and compare the relative importance of landscape-level factors (e.g., vegetation type and landscape position), soil properties (e.g., pH, depth, and soil type), and soil environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and relative water table position). We found fivefold higher maximum CH4 production per gram soil carbon from organic soils than mineral soils. Maximum CH4 production from soils in the active layer (ground that thaws and refreezes annually) was nearly four times that of permafrost per gram soil carbon, and CH4 production per gram soil carbon was two times greater from sites without permafrost than sites with permafrost. Maximum CH4 and median anaerobic CO2 production decreased with depth, while CO2:CH4 production increased with depth. Maximum CH4 production was highest in soils with herbaceous vegetation and soils that were either consistently or periodically inundated. This synthesis identifies the need to consider biome, landscape position, and vascular/moss vegetation types when modeling CH4 production in permafrost ecosystems and suggests the need for longer-term anaerobic incubations to fully capture CH4 dynamics. Our results demonstrate that as climate warms in arctic and boreal regions, rates of anaerobic CO2 and CH4 production will increase, not only as a result of increased temperature, but also from shifts in vegetation and increased ground saturation that will accompany permafrost thaw. C1 [Treat, Claire C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Natali, Susan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Ernakovich, Jessica] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.; Sloan, Victoria L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.; Sloan, Victoria L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lupascu, Massimo] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [McGuire, Anthony David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Chowdhury, Taniya Roy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Richter, Andreas] Univ Vienna, Dept Microbiol & Ecosyst Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Richter, Andreas] Austrian Polar Res Inst, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Santruckova, Hana] Univ South Bohemia, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Schaedel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Treat, CC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ctreat@usgs.gov RI Richter, Andreas/D-8483-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Ernakovich, Jessica/E-4864-2016; OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3282-4808; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Ernakovich, Jessica/0000-0002-4493-2489; Schadel, Christina/0000-0003-2145-6210; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178 FU Permafrost Carbon Vulnerability Research Coordination Network (NSF); U.S. DOE-SCGF; University of New Hampshire Graduate School Dissertation Year Fellowship; NSF OPP [ARC-1203777]; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. DOE Office of Science; European Research Network CryoCARB [FWF - I370-B17]; USGS Global Change RD program; USGS Climate Science Center FX We thank the Permafrost Carbon Vulnerability Research Coordination Network (NSF Grant to EAGS) for helping us to organize this study. CT acknowledges funding from the U.S. DOE-SCGF and the University of New Hampshire Graduate School Dissertation Year Fellowship. Additional funding was provided by NSF OPP (ARC-1203777) to SMN; the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project, supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. DOE Office of Science, to CMI, RJN, TRC, VLS; European Research Network CryoCARB (FWF - I370-B17) to AR; and USGS Global Change R&D program and the USGS Climate Science Center to MW. Craig Connolly and Adam Marquis provided assistance with GIS and data extraction. We thank Steve Frolking, Evan Kane, and four anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 29 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2787 EP 2803 DI 10.1111/gcb.12875 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK7OS UT WOS:000356422500028 ER PT J AU Uden, DR Allen, CR Mitchell, RB Mccoy, TD Guan, QF AF Uden, Daniel R. Allen, Craig R. Mitchell, Rob B. McCoy, Tim D. Guan, Qingfeng TI Predicted avian responses to bioenergy development scenarios in an intensive agricultural landscape SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE cellulosic ethanol; climate; conservation reserve program; geographic information systems; grassland birds; rowcrops; scenario planning; switchgrass ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; GRASSLAND BIRDS; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BREEDING BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS; ENERGY AB Conversion of native prairie to agriculture has increased food and bioenergy production but decreased wildlife habitat. However, enrollment of highly erodible cropland in conservation programs has compensated for some grassland loss. In the future, climate change and production of second-generation perennial biofuel crops could further transform agricultural landscapes and increase or decrease grassland area. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is an alternative biofuel feedstock that may be economically and environmentally superior to maize (Zea mays) grain for ethanol production on marginally productive lands. Switchgrass could benefit farmers economically and increase grassland area, but there is uncertainty as to how conversions between rowcrops, switchgrass monocultures and conservation grasslands might occur and affect wildlife. To explore potential impacts on grassland birds, we developed four agricultural land-use change scenarios for an intensively cultivated landscape, each driven by potential future climatic changes and ensuing irrigation limitations, ethanol demand, commodity prices, and continuation of a conservation program. For each scenario, we calculated changes in area for landcover classes and predicted changes in grassland bird abundances. Overall, birds responded positively to the replacement of rowcrops with switchgrass and negatively to the conversion of conservation grasslands to switchgrass or rowcrops. Landscape context and interactions between climate, crop water use, and irrigation availability could influence future land-use, and subsequently, avian habitat quality and quantity. Switchgrass is likely to provide higher quality avian habitat than rowcrops but lower quality habitat than conservation grasslands, and therefore, may most benefit birds in heavily cultivated, irrigation dependent landscapes under warmer and drier conditions, where economic profitability may also encourage conversions to drought tolerant bioenergy feedstocks. C1 [Uden, Daniel R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mitchell, Rob B.] Univ Nebraska, Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA ARS Grain, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [McCoy, Tim D.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Guan, Qingfeng] China Univ Geosci Wuhan, Fac Informat Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Uden, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM danielruden87@gmail.com FU Climate Effects Network; US Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank Dr. Jennifer Smith and two anonymous reviewers for their contributions to this manuscript, the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture for providing GIS data, and the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative and US Geological Survey. Climate Effects Network for financial support. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the US Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-1693 EI 1757-1707 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD JUL PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1111/gcbb.12157 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CK8ME UT WOS:000356491400014 ER PT J AU Janke, AK Anteau, MJ Markl, N Stafford, JD AF Janke, Adam K. Anteau, Michael J. Markl, Nicholas Stafford, Joshua D. TI Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl? SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; Blue-winged Teal; Capital breeding; Income breeding; Nutrient reserves; Waterfowl ID NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; RING-NECKED DUCKS; LESSER SCAUP; CLUTCH-SIZE; SNOW GEESE; BODY CONDITION; EGG-PRODUCTION; NORTHERN SHOVELERS AB Breeding birds use a range of nutrient accumulation and allocation strategies to meet the nutritional demands of clutch formation and incubation. On one end of the spectrum, capital breeders use stored nutrients acquired prior to clutch formation and incubation to sustain metabolism during reproduction, while on the opposite end, income breeders derive nutrients solely from exogenous sources on the breeding grounds. Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) are an ideal candidate to test for adoption of an income strategy among migratory waterfowl because of their small body size, temperate breeding range, and timing of reproduction relative to pulses in nutrient availability within breeding habitats. We collected migrating and pre-breeding Blue-winged Teal (n = 110) during the warmest spring in over a century in the southern edge of the species' breeding range, which produced ideal conditions to test for adoption of an income breeding strategy among migratory waterfowl. Regression analyses revealed that females accumulated protein and fat reserves early in follicle development and appeared to mobilize at least some reserves coincident with the onset of clutch formation. Accumulation and subsequent mobilization of nutrient reserves was inconsistent with adherence to an income breeding strategy and suggested breeding Blue-winged Teal used capital (albeit locally acquired) for reproduction. Our results add to existing knowledge on the ubiquity of endogenous nutrient reserve accumulation prior to and during reproduction by waterfowl, perhaps suggesting endogenous nutrient reserves are universally used for clutch formation or incubation to some degree. If indeed Blue-winged Teal and other waterfowl universally use capital for breeding, research and conservation efforts should shift from evaluating whether an income breeding strategy is used and focus on when and where necessary capital is acquired prior to clutch formation. C1 [Janke, Adam K.; Markl, Nicholas] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Stafford, Joshua D.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Markl, Nicholas] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Webster, SD 57274 USA. RP Janke, AK (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM adam.janke@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; Kenneth F. Higgins Waterfowl Legacy Research Endowment; US Geological Survey through Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Our research was supported through grants from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University, the Kenneth F. Higgins Waterfowl Legacy Research Endowment, and the US Geological Survey through the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. EnvrionMetal, Inc., made in-kind contributions to the research. R. Murano, P. Mammenga, and M. Grovijahn assisted with the collections and logistics of the field research. J. Rorah and A. Homola assisted with laboratory work. J. DeVink, R. Alisauskas, and one anonymous reviewer provided insightful comments that improved the scope and content of the manuscript. All experimental procedures described herein were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at South Dakota State University (permit 12-013A) and authorized under a US Fish and Wildlife Service scientific collecting permit (permit MB068976-0). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 156 IS 3 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1200-y PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CK7WS UT WOS:000356447100019 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Baho, DL Allen, CR Johnson, RK AF Angeler, David G. Baho, Didier L. Allen, Craig R. Johnson, Richard K. TI Linking degradation status with ecosystem vulnerability to environmental change SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Environmental change; Benthic invertebrates; Functional redundancy; Scales; Vulnerability; Time series modeling; Resilience; Functional traits ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; SURFACE WATERS; REGIME SHIFTS; COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; COMMUNITY RESPONSES; BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS AB Environmental change can cause regime shifts in ecosystems, potentially threatening ecosystem services. It is unclear if the degradation status of ecosystems correlates with their vulnerability to environmental change, and thus the risk of future regime shifts. We assessed resilience in acidified (degraded) and circumneutral (undegraded) lakes with long-term data (1988-2012), using time series modeling. We identified temporal frequencies in invertebrate assemblages, which identifies groups of species whose population dynamics vary at particular temporal scales. We also assessed species with stochastic dynamics, those whose population dynamics vary irregularly and unpredictably over time. We determined the distribution of functional feeding groups of invertebrates within and across the temporal scales identified, and in those species with stochastic dynamics, and assessed attributes hypothesized to contribute to resilience. Three patterns of temporal dynamics, consistent across study lakes, were identified in the invertebrates. The first pattern was one of monotonic change associated with changing abiotic lake conditions. The second and third patterns appeared unrelated to the environmental changes we monitored. Acidified and the circumneutral lakes shared similar levels and patterns of functional richness, evenness, diversity, and redundancy for species within and across the observed temporal scales and for stochastic species groups. These similar resilience characteristics suggest that both lake types did not differ in vulnerability to the environmental changes observed here. Although both lake types appeared equally vulnerable in this study, our approach demonstrates how assessing systemic vulnerability by quantifying ecological resilience can help address uncertainty in predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change across ecosystems. C1 [Angeler, David G.; Baho, Didier L.; Johnson, Richard K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [Dnr 10/179]; Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV); Lakes and Watercourses Monitoring Program (FOMA-SLU); August T. Larsson Foundation (NJ Faculty, SLU); Swedish research council VR [2014-5828]; Swedish research council Formas [2014-1193]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding was provided by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Dnr 10/179), the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV), the Lakes and Watercourses Monitoring Program (FOMA-SLU), the August T. Larsson Foundation (NJ Faculty, SLU), and grants from the Swedish research councils VR (2014-5828) and Formas (2014-1193). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the reviewers, Frauke Ecke and C.H. Peterson for constructive feedback that helped improve the paper. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2015 VL 178 IS 3 BP 899 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s00442-015-3281-y PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK9BH UT WOS:000356534400024 PM 25752618 ER PT J AU Rogers, MC Peacock, E Simac, K O'Dell, MB Welker, JM AF Rogers, M. C. Peacock, E. Simac, K. O'Dell, M. B. Welker, J. M. TI Diet of female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska: evidence for an emerging alternative foraging strategy in response to environmental change SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic; Bowhead whale; Foraging ecology; Polar bear; Stable isotopes; Telemetry ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CARBON-ISOTOPE; POPULATION ECOLOGY; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; HABITAT; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) diet may become more variable in some Arctic regions due to climate warming and altered sea ice habitat. We surveyed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope profiles of five polar bear tissues sampled from adult females in the Southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska in order to assess inter-tissue isotopic variability and to determine whether any dietary shifts are occurring in this population. We did not detect any significant shifts from historical means in population-level tissue stable isotope values. A number of sectioned hair samples, however, were significantly depleted in N-15 relative to the mean. We hypothesized that lower hair delta N-15 values were due to the consumption of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) tissue. Telemetry data showed that polar bears with N-15-depleted hair sections were located on multiple dates near known subsistence-harvested bowhead whale bone piles and had spent 90 % of the prior year within 50 km of the shore. Bears with hair section delta N-15 values at or above the mean spent no time near bowhead whale bone piles and less than half of the year nearshore. An isotopic mixing model estimation of diet proportions determined that bowhead whale comprised approximately 50-70 % of fall diet for bears with lower hair delta N-15 values. We conclude that these results offer emergent evidence of an alternative foraging strategy within this population: 'coastal' bears, which remain near to shore for much of the year and use bowhead whale bone piles when they are present. In contrast, 'pelagic' bears follow a more typical strategy and forage widely on sea ice for seals. C1 [Rogers, M. C.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Peacock, E.; Simac, K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [O'Dell, M. B.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Welker, J. M.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. RP Rogers, MC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcr@uaa.alaska.edu FU Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Bureau of Land Management; US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation [0953271] FX This work is part of the US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Additional support was provided by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The analyses were made possible in part by a National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation award (0953271) to J. Welker that assisted in establishing the University of Alaska Anchorage Stable Isotope Laboratory. Naomi Bargmann provided vital assistance in the sample analysis. We thank George Durner and Anthony Pagano for their significant contributions to fieldwork and data management associated with polar bear sampling and PTT deployment, and Todd Atwood and Oystein Wiig for providing constructive comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 25 U2 150 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1035 EP 1047 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1665-4 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK9BP UT WOS:000356535300009 ER PT J AU Wijesinghe, RU Oster, RJ Haack, SK Fogarty, LR Tucker, TR Riley, SC AF Wijesinghe, Rasanthi U. Oster, Ryan J. Haack, Sheridan K. Fogarty, Lisa R. Tucker, Taaja R. Riley, Stephen C. TI Spatial, Temporal, and Matrix Variability of Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxin Gene Distribution at Great Lakes Beaches SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; AVIAN BOTULISM; WATER; FISH; PCR; PREVALENCE; GLOMERATA; SEDIMENTS; MICHIGAN AB Clostridium botulinum type E toxin is responsible for extensive mortality of birds and fish in the Great Lakes. The C. botulinum bontE gene that produces the type E toxin was amplified with quantitative PCR from 150 sloughed algal samples (primarily Cladophora species) collected during summer 2012 from 10 Great Lakes beaches in five states; concurrently, 74 sediment and 37 water samples from four sites were also analyzed. The bontE gene concentration in algae was significantly higher than in water and sediment (P< 0.05), suggesting that algal mats provide a better microenvironment for C. botulinum. The bontE gene was detected most frequently in algae at Jeorse Park and Portage Lake Front beaches (Lake Michigan) and Bay City State Recreation Area beach on Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), where 77, 100, and 83% of these algal samples contained the bontE gene, respectively. The highest concentration of bontE was detected at Bay City (1.98 x 10(5) gene copies/ml of algae or 5.21 x 10(6) g [dry weight]). This study revealed that the bontE gene is abundant in the Great Lakes but that it has spatial, temporal, and matrix variability. Further, embayed beaches, low wave height, low wind velocity, and greater average water temperature enhance the bontE occurrence. C1 [Wijesinghe, Rasanthi U.; Oster, Ryan J.; Haack, Sheridan K.; Fogarty, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Tucker, Taaja R.] CSS Dynamac, Fairfax, VA USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Wijesinghe, RU (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM rwijesinghe@usgs.gov OI Tucker, Taaja/0000-0003-1534-4677 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX This study was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 81 IS 13 BP 4306 EP 4315 DI 10.1128/AEM.00098-15 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CJ9TC UT WOS:000355844800009 PM 25888178 ER PT J AU Leclaire, S Bourret, V Blanchard, P de Franceschi, C Merkling, T Hatch, SA Danchin, E AF Leclaire, Sarah Bourret, Vincent Blanchard, Pierrick de Franceschi, Christophe Merkling, Thomas Hatch, Scott A. Danchin, Etienne TI Carotenoids increase immunity and sex specifically affect color and redox homeostasis in a monochromatic seabird SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacteria killing ability; PHA; Redox homeostasis; Carotenoid supplementation; Black-legged kittiwakes ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; KESTRELS FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLUMAGE COLORATION; BETA-CAROTENE; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; GULL CHICKS; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION AB Carotenoid-based integument coloration is extremely widespread in animals and commonly used as an honest signal of condition in sexual selection. Besides being used for color expression, carotenoids have antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity. Being a limited resource, carotenoid allocation to competing demands generates a trade-off. Recent studies, however, suggest that the antioxidant role of carotenoids might not be as important as previously thought. To shed light on the mechanism maintaining carotenoid-based signal honesty in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), we supplemented males and females with dietary yellow xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) during the chick-rearing period, when male coloration may be a good indicator of future reproductive success. The supplementation affected plasma carotenoid levels similarly in males and females, i.e., it increased the levels of lutein but decreased the levels of total astaxanthin, one of the main pigments coloring integuments in this species. Supplemented adults and their chicks had stronger immune response than controls, suggesting that yellow xanthophylls enhance the innate immune system in kittiwakes. However, supplementation caused sex-specific effects on integument coloration and oxidative stress. Supplemented males had duller integuments, but similar oxidative damages compared to control males, while supplemented females had more colorful integuments, but higher oxidative damages than control females. Because the increase in lutein was associated with a decrease in other potential antioxidants (i.e., astaxanthin and vitamin A), the role of carotenoids as antioxidants in kittiwakes remains undetermined. Our results, however, indicate that the trade-off responses to carotenoid availability are sex-specific in kittiwakes. C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; de Franceschi, Christophe; Merkling, Thomas; Danchin, Etienne] UPS, CNRS, EDB Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; de Franceschi, Christophe; Merkling, Thomas; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, EDB, UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Bourret, Vincent] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge Infect Dis Consortium, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), UPS, CNRS, EDB Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR5174, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) [1162]; Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium (CIDC) FX We thank Kemin Food for kindly providing carotenoids. We are very grateful to N. Vetter, and V. Frochot for their help in the field, and F. Helfenstein for helpful discussion. We thank C. Alonso-Alvarez and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was financed, in part, by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program 1162) and the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium (CIDC). This work originated in the lab EDB as part of the 'Laboratoire d'Excellence' (LABEX) entitled TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/s00265-015-1922-0 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CK2ML UT WOS:000356044700004 ER PT J AU Meko, DM Friedman, JM Touchan, R Edmondson, JR Griffin, ER Scott, JA AF Meko, David M. Friedman, Jonathan M. Touchan, Ramzi Edmondson, Jesse R. Griffin, Eleanor R. Scott, Julian A. TI Alternative standardization approaches to improving streamflow reconstructions with ring-width indices of riparian trees SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE age growth; cottonwood; dendrohydrology; detrending; "Little Ice Age'; Little Missouri River ID SEVERE SUSTAINED DROUGHT; MISSOURI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; NORTH-DAKOTA; GROWTH; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; COTTONWOOD; REGIME AB Old, multi-aged populations of riparian trees provide an opportunity to improve reconstructions of streamflow. Here, ring widths of 394 plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides, ssp. monilifera) trees in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, are used to reconstruct streamflow along the Little Missouri River (LMR), North Dakota, US. Different versions of the cottonwood chronology are developed by (1) age-curve standardization (ACS), using age-stratified samples and a single estimated curve of ring width against estimated ring age, and (2) time-curve standardization (TCS), using a subset of longer ring-width series individually detrended with cubic smoothing splines of width against year. The cottonwood chronologies are combined with the first principal component of four upland conifer chronologies developed by conventional methods to investigate the possible value of riparian tree-ring chronologies for streamflow reconstruction of the LMR. Regression modeling indicates that the statistical signal for flow is stronger in the riparian cottonwood than in the upland chronologies. The flow signal from cottonwood complements rather than repeats the signal from upland conifers and is especially strong in young trees (e.g. 5-35years). Reconstructions using a combination of cottonwoods and upland conifers are found to explain more than 50% of the variance of LMR flow over a 1935-1990 calibration period and to yield reconstruction of flow to 1658. The low-frequency component of reconstructed flow is sensitive to the choice of standardization method for the cottonwood. In contrast to the TCS version, the ACS reconstruction features persistent low flows in the 19th century. Results demonstrate the value to streamflow reconstruction of riparian cottonwood and suggest that more studies are needed to exploit the low-frequency streamflow signal in densely sampled age-stratified stands of riparian trees. C1 [Meko, David M.; Touchan, Ramzi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Edmondson, Jesse R.] Univ Arkansas, Tree Ring Lab, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Griffin, Eleanor R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Washington, DC USA. [Scott, Julian A.] US Forest Serv, Natl Stream & Aquat Ecol Ctr, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Meko, DM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dmeko@LTRR.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, the National Park Service Water Resources Division; U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX This work was supported by the National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, the National Park Service Water Resources Division, and the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUL PY 2015 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1093 EP 1101 DI 10.1177/0959683615580181 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ8NA UT WOS:000355758100004 ER PT J AU Weckworth, BV Dawson, NG Talbot, SL Cook, JA AF Weckworth, Byron V. Dawson, Natalie G. Talbot, Sandra L. Cook, Joseph A. TI Genetic Distinctiveness of Alexander Archipelago Wolves (Canis lupus ligoni) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Letter ID NORTH-AMERICA; DIFFERENTIATION; CONSERVATION; ENDEMISM; ALASKA; ISLAND C1 [Weckworth, Byron V.] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Dawson, Natalie G.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cook, JA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cookjose@unm.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 106 IS 4 BP 412 EP 414 DI 10.1093/jhered/esv026 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CK5CN UT WOS:000356239900010 PM 25964444 ER PT J AU Roach, JK Griffith, B AF Roach, Jennifer K. Griffith, Brad TI Climate-induced lake drying causes heterogeneous reductions in waterfowl species richness SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Biodiversity; Climate warming; Lake change; Lake size; Species; area curve ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; DABBLING DUCK GUILDS; HABITAT USE; LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION; THERMOKARST LAKE; HOME-RANGE; NESTEDNESS; AREA; ALASKA; PERMAFROST AB Lake size has declined on breeding grounds for international populations of waterfowl. Our objectives were to (1) model the relationship between waterfowl species richness and lake size; (2) use the model and trends in lake size to project historical, contemporary, and future richness at 2500+ lakes; (3) evaluate mechanisms for the species-area relationship (SAR); and (4) identify species most vulnerable to shrinking lakes. Monte Carlo simulations of the richness model were used to generate projections. Correlations between richness and both lake size and habitat diversity were compared to identify mechanisms for the SAR. Patterns of nestedness were used to identify vulnerable species. Species richness was greatest at lakes that were larger, closer to rivers, had more wetlands along their perimeters and were within 5 km of a large lake. Average richness per lake was projected to decline by 11 % from 1986 to 2050 but was heterogeneous across sub-regions and lakes. Richness in sub-regions with species-rich lakes was projected to remain stable, while richness in the sub-region with species-poor lakes was projected to decline. Lake size had a greater effect on richness than did habitat diversity, suggesting that large lakes have more species because they provide more habitat but not more habitat types. The vulnerability of species to shrinking lakes was related to species rarity rather than foraging guild. Our maps of projected changes in species richness and rank-ordered list of species most vulnerable to shrinking lakes can be used to identify targets for conservation or monitoring. C1 [Roach, Jennifer K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Roach, JK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jroach11@alaska.edu FU US Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank L. Adams, S. Alexander, M. Bertram, S. Busby, M. Durrett, R. Finger, G. Foley, R. Gold, E. Green, A. Greenblatt, M. Howie, C. Jandreau, J. Karst, E. Kyle, P. Lundmark, K. McElligott, D. Merz, M. Ng, V. Patil, V. Pelekis, K. Pieczora, W. Sarmento, L. Schreffler, E. Sterling, A. Stiles, K. Sweetsir, L. Tauber, P. Valle, E. Webb, and J. Webster for assistance with data collection, data entry, field logistics, and programming. J. Ver Hoef graciously provided guidance on statistical analyses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1022 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0207-3 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ7EM UT WOS:000355657200005 ER PT J AU Yang, J Weisberg, PJ Shinneman, DJ Dilts, TE Earnst, SL Scheller, RM AF Yang, Jian Weisberg, Peter J. Shinneman, Douglas J. Dilts, Thomas E. Earnst, Susan L. Scheller, Robert M. TI Fire modulates climate change response of simulated aspen distribution across topoclimatic gradients in a semi-arid montane landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quaking aspen; Fire disturbance; Gradient analysis; Great Basin; LANDIS-II; Climatic water deficit ID TREE SPECIES MIGRATION; QUAKING ASPEN; FOREST LANDSCAPE; UNITED-STATES; RANGE SHIFTS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SPATIAL CONTROLS; SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER-BALANCE; NATIONAL-PARK AB Changing aspen distribution in response to climate change and fire is a major focus of biodiversity conservation, yet little is known about the potential response of aspen to these two driving forces along topoclimatic gradients. This study is set to evaluate how aspen distribution might shift in response to different climate-fire scenarios in a semi-arid montane landscape, and quantify the influence of fire regime along topoclimatic gradients. We used a novel integration of a forest landscape succession and disturbance model (LANDIS-II) with a fine-scale climatic water deficit approach to simulate dynamics of aspen and associated conifer and shrub species over the next 150 years under various climate-fire scenarios. Simulations suggest that many aspen stands could persist without fire for centuries under current climate conditions. However, a simulated 2-5 A degrees C increase in temperature caused a substantial reduction of aspen coverage at lower elevations and a modest increase at upper elevations, leading to an overall reduction of aspen range at the landscape level. Increasing fire activity may favor aspen increase at its upper elevation limits adjacent to coniferous forest, but may also favor reduction of aspen at lower elevation limits adjacent to xeric shrubland. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating fine-scale terrain effects on climatic water deficit and ecohydrology when modeling species distribution response to climate change. This modeling study suggests that climate mitigation and adaptation strategies that use fire would benefit from consideration of spatial context at landscape scales. C1 [Yang, Jian; Weisberg, Peter J.; Dilts, Thomas E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Yang, Jian] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Shinneman, Douglas J.; Earnst, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Scheller, Robert M.] Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Management Dept, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, TP Cooper Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jian.yang@uky.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.G.S. We thank Steve Garman and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews that helped us improve the manuscript. NR 95 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1055 EP 1073 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0160-1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ7EM UT WOS:000355657200008 ER PT J AU Bateman, BL Pidgeon, AM Radeloff, VC Allstadt, AJ Akcakaya, HR Thogmartin, WE Vavrus, SJ Heglund, PJ AF Bateman, Brooke L. Pidgeon, Anna M. Radeloff, Volker C. Allstadt, Andrew J. Akcakaya, H. Resit Thogmartin, Wayne E. Vavrus, Stephen J. Heglund, Patricia J. TI The importance of range edges for an irruptive species during extreme weather events SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Extreme weather; Grassland birds; Range edge; Range core; Refuges ID DICKCISSELS SPIZA-AMERICANA; CLIMATE-CHANGE EXPERIMENTS; SATELLITE IMAGE TEXTURE; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PERIPHERAL-POPULATIONS; GRASSLAND BIRDS; SCALE PATTERNS; CHANGE IMPACTS; DROUGHT AB Threats to wildlife species from extreme events, such as droughts, are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude with climate change. Extreme events can cause mortality and community-level changes, but for some mobile species, movement away from areas affected may be a viable option. We examined the effect of extreme weather on spatial patterns of abundance for an irruptive grassland bird species, the Dickcissel (Spiza americana). We calculated route-level annual abundances and abundance anomalies from 1980 to 2012 from North American Breeding Bird Survey data, and classified the Dickcissel's range into core and edge regions using these abundances. We then compared abundances in the core and edge regions to the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, a measure of drought, in linear regressions. We found that Dickcissel irruptions in the northern range edges were related to drought conditions in the range core, potentially a consequence of birds being 'pushed' to the range edge when weather was unsuitable. Specifically, Dickcissels moved into refuge sites containing a high proportion of cultivated crops, with higher vegetation greenness, than those areas they leave during drought years. In a changing climate where more frequent extreme weather may be more common, conservation strategies for weather-sensitive species may require consideration of habitat in the edges of species' ranges, even though non-core areas may be unoccupied in 'normal' years. Our results highlight the conservation importance of range edges in providing refuge from extreme events, such as drought, and climate change. C1 [Bateman, Brooke L.; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Allstadt, Andrew J.] Univ Wisconsin, SILVIS Lab, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Vavrus, Stephen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Bateman, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, SILVIS Lab, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM brooke.bateman@gmail.com RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Bateman, Brooke/0000-0001-5474-4599 FU NASA Biodiversity Program; [NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM] FX We thank the NASA Biodiversity Program and the Climate and Biological Response funding opportunity (NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM) for support of this research. We thank P. Culbert for BBS data extraction, and for providing us with landcover and image texture data. We thank R. Behnke for weather data analysis, C. Flather, J. Gorzo, and T. Albright for ideas and discussions which strengthened our analysis, and all of the volunteers who contribute to the BBS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 101 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1110 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0212-6 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ7EM UT WOS:000355657200010 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB McAdam, BJ Thorsteinsson, V Marteinsdottir, G AF Grabowski, Timothy B. McAdam, Bruce J. Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur Marteinsdottir, Gudrun TI Evidence from data storage tags for the presence of lunar and semi-lunar behavioral cycles in spawning Atlantic cod SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Lunar cycle; Data storage tags; Reproductive ecology; Diurnal solar cycle; Gadus morhu ID GADUS-MORHUA L.; MIGRATION PATTERNS; SOUND PRODUCTION; ICELANDIC COD; REEF FISHES; TIME; REPRODUCTION; AGGREGATION; TEMPERATURE; PERIODICITY AB Understanding the environmental processes determining the timing and success of reproduction is of critical importance to developing effective management strategies of marine fishes. Unfortunately it has proven difficult to comprehensively study the reproductive behavior of broadcast-spawning fishes. The use of electronic data storage tags (DSTs) has the potential to provide insights into the behavior of fishes. These tags allow for data collection over relatively large spatial and temporal scales that can be correlated to predicted environmental conditions and ultimately be used to refine predictions of year class strength. In this paper we present data retrieved from DSTs demonstrating that events putatively identified as Atlantic cod spawning behavior is tied to a lunar cycle with a pronounced semi-lunar cycle within it. Peak activity occurs around the full and new moon with no evidence of relationship with day/night cycles. C1 [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McAdam, Bruce J.] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Marteinsdottir, Gudrun] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 42120, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM t.grabowski@ttu.edu FU Marine Research Institute, Iceland; University of Iceland Research Fund; EU-project "CODYSSEY" [Q5RS-2002-00813]; EU-project "METACOD" [Q5RS-2001-00953]; Icelandic Research Fund [070019023]; Fisheries Project Fund of the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture; MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) - Scottish Funding Council [HR09011] FX We thank all of the captains and crew members from vessels used in this study for their assistance with sampling and tagging; H. Karlsson and B. Gunnarsson of the Icelandic Marine Research Institute for their assistance with tagging; S. Gudbjornsson and S. Gunnlaugsson at Star-Oddi Marine Device Manufacturing for assistance with DST deployment, data recovery, and data analysis; and of the Icelandic fishermen who participated in this study by returning tags. J. Long provided comments and suggestions that improved the final version of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Marine Research Institute, Iceland; the University of Iceland Research Fund; the EU-projects "CODYSSEY" (Q5RS-2002-00813; 2003-2006) and "METACOD" (Q5RS-2001-00953; 2002-2005); the Icelandic Research Fund (grant number: 070019023); and the Fisheries Project Fund of the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. BJM received funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland, funded by the Scottish Funding Council grant reference HR09011 and contributing institutions) and their support is gratefully acknowledged. Fish tagging activities conducted by V.T. under license number 0304-1901 issued by the Icelandic Committee for Welfare of Experimental Animals, Chief Veterinary Office at the Ministry of Agriculture, Reykjavik, Iceland. Cooperating agencies for the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2015 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1767 EP 1776 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0396-2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ6RJ UT WOS:000355620700004 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Roche, EA Brown, MB AF Brown, Charles R. Roche, Erin A. Brown, Mary Bomberger TI Parent-offspring resemblance in colony-specific adult survival of cliff swallows SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cliff swallow; Coloniality; Fitness; Life history; Petrochelidon pyrrhonota; Survival; Trade-offs ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GROUP-SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; FITNESS COMPONENTS; BREEDING SUCCESS; SOCIABLE WEAVER; RED DEER; HERITABILITY AB Survival is a key component of fitness. Species that occupy discrete breeding colonies with different characteristics are often exposed to varying costs and benefits associated with group size or environmental conditions, and survival is an integrative net measure of these effects. We investigated the extent to which survival probability of adult (a parts per thousand yen1-year old) cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) occupying different colonies resembled that of their parental cohort and thus whether the natal colony had long-term effects on individuals. Individuals were cross-fostered between colonies soon after hatching and their presence as breeders monitored at colonies in the western Nebraska study area for the subsequent decade. Colony-specific adult survival probabilities of offspring born and reared in the same colony, and those cross-fostered away from their natal colony soon after birth, were positively and significantly related to subsequent adult survival of the parental cohort from the natal colony. This result held when controlling for the effect of natal colony size and the age composition of the parental cohort. In contrast, colony-specific adult survival of offspring cross-fostered to a site was unrelated to that of their foster parent cohort or to the cohort of non-fostered offspring with whom they were reared. Adult survival at a colony varied inversely with fecundity, as measured by mean brood size, providing evidence for a survival-fecundity trade-off in this species. The results suggest some heritable variation in adult survival, likely maintained by negative correlations between fitness components. The study provides additional evidence that colonies represent non-random collections of individuals. C1 [Brown, Charles R.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Roche, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Brown, Mary Bomberger] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, 800 S Tucker Dr, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9613638, DEB-0075199, IBN-9974733, DEB-0514824, DEB-1019423]; National Institutes of Health [AI057569] FX We thank the 37 research assistants who have helped with field work since 1997 and especially Cheryl Ormston and Gabriela Redwine for their assistance with the cross-fostering study. Amy Moore and Catherine Page maintained the mark-recapture database. The School of Biological Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln allowed use of the Cedar Point Biological Station. The Clary, Knight, and Soper families and the Union Pacific Railroad granted permission to access land. Aaron Pearse and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-9613638, DEB-0075199, IBN-9974733, DEB-0514824, DEB-1019423) and the National Institutes of Health (AI057569). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 EI 1573-8477 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 537 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s10682-015-9764-9 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CK1CM UT WOS:000355943000006 ER PT J AU Prabhakara, K Hively, WD McCarty, GW AF Prabhakara, Kusuma Hively, W. Dean McCarty, Gregory W. TI Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Winter cover crops; Biomass; Percent groundcover; Remote sensing; Vegetation indices ID HYPERSPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEXES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; GREEN; WHEAT; AGRICULTURE; ALGORITHMS; SOIL; RED AB Winter cover crops are an essential part of managing nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural lands. Cover crops lessen sedimentation by reducing erosion, and the accumulation of nitrogen in aboveground biomass results in reduced nutrient runoff. Winter cover crops are planted in the fall and are usually terminated in early spring, making them susceptible to senescence, frost burn, and leaf yellowing due to wintertime conditions. This study sought to determine to what extent remote sensing indices are capable of accurately estimating the percent groundcover and biomass of winter cover crops, and to analyze under what critical ranges these relationships are strong and under which conditions they break down. Cover crop growth on six fields planted to barley, rye, ryegrass, triticale or wheat was measured over the 2012-2013 winter growing season. Data collection included spectral reflectance measurements, aboveground biomass, and percent groundcover. Ten vegetation indices were evaluated using surface reflectance data from a 16-band CROPSCAN sensor. Restricting analysis to sampling dates before the onset of prolonged freezing temperatures and leaf yellowing resulted in increased estimation accuracy. There was a strong relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percent groundcover (r(2) = 0.93) suggesting that date restrictions effectively eliminate yellowing vegetation from analysis. The triangular vegetation index (TVI) was most accurate in estimating high ranges of biomass (r(2) = 0.86), while NDVI did not experience a clustering of values in the low and medium biomass ranges but saturated in the higher range (>1500 kg/ha). The results of this study show that accounting for index saturation, senescence, and frost burn on leaves can greatly increase the accuracy of estimates of percent groundcover and biomass for winter cover crops. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prabhakara, Kusuma] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prabhakara, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kusumaprabhak@gmail.com FU USDA Choptank River Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); USGS Land Change Science Program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Thank you to Ms. Megan Parry, Mr. Mouhamad Diabate, and Mr. Antonio Pereira for help with fieldwork and in the laboratory. Additional thanks to Dr. Chris Justice, Dr. Samuel Coward, and Dr. Ralph Dubayah for their guidance on this study. This research was a collaboration between the USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, the USGS Eastern Geographic Science Center, and the University of Maryland, College Park. Funding was provided by the USDA Choptank River Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), the USGS Land Change Science Program, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 39 BP 88 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CJ3FD UT WOS:000355367900011 ER PT J AU Murcia, S Kerans, BL Koel, TM MacConnell, E AF Murcia, S. Kerans, B. L. Koel, T. M. MacConnell, E. TI Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer) infection risk in native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson) and its relationships to tributary environments in the Yellowstone Lake Basin SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE biotic and abiotic factors; histopathology; whirling disease; Yellowstone cutthroat trout ID SALMONID WHIRLING-DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; NATIONAL-PARK; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; MADISON RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Conservation of native species is challenged by the introduction of non-native pathogens and diseases into aquatic and terrestrial environments worldwide. In the Yellowstone Lake basin, Yellowstone National Park, the invasive parasite causing salmonid whirling disease Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer) has been identified as one factor contributing to population declines of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (Jordan & Gilbert). In 2002 and 2003, we examined relationships between the stream environment and severity of M.cerebralis infection in native trout. Coefficients of variation of environmental features were calculated to examine variability. Ten years later, we reassessed infection levels at 22 tributaries broadly across the system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) of physical features (2003) were negatively correlated with infection severity, mostly in lower jaw cartilage of cutthroat trout, and PCA of chemical features (and temperature) correlated with infection severity in cranial cartilage. Pelican Creek, where M.cerebralis prevalence and severity was high 2002-2003, remained high in 2012. We did not find evidence that the parasite had dispersed further within the system. Variable environmental features (physiological stress) across short spatiotemporal scales within a stream or season may possibly predispose salmonids to infection in the wild and facilitate parasite establishment. C1 [Murcia, S.; Kerans, B. L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Koel, T. M.] Ctr Resources Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Mammoth, WY USA. [MacConnell, E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Murcia, S (reprint author), Univ Magallanes, Ave Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile. EM silvia.murcia@umag.cl FU Whirling Disease Initiative of the National Partnership on Management of Wild and Native Cold Water Fisheries; Center for Resources-YNP; Rocky Mountain Center for Ecosystems Studies Unit (NPS); Montana State University-Bozeman; Chile's CONICYT: Bicentennial Program [PDA-10]; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity LTSER Network FX Research funded by the Whirling Disease Initiative of the National Partnership on Management of Wild and Native Cold Water Fisheries; Center for Resources-YNP; Rocky Mountain Center for Ecosystems Studies Unit (NPS); and Graduate Assistantships from Montana State University-Bozeman. Part of manuscript preparation was supported by a postdoctoral contract to S.M. through funds from Chile's CONICYT: Bicentennial Program PDA-10 to University of MagallanesOmora Ethnobotanical Park (www.umag.cl/williams; www.omora.org), Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity LTSER Network (www.ieb-chile.cl/ltser). NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 38 IS 7 BP 637 EP 652 DI 10.1111/jfd.12280 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA CJ7LH UT WOS:000355676200006 PM 24953674 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Malone, RW Doherty, JE Barbash, JE Ma, LW Shaner, DL AF Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. Doherty, John E. Barbash, Jack E. Ma, Liwang Shaner, Dale L. TI Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland, United States SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE degradates; metolachlor; parameter estimation; prediction uncertainty; RZWQM ID 5 AGRICULTURAL SETTINGS; WATER-QUALITY; UNSATURATED ZONES; DEGRADATION; RZWQM; CALIBRATION; HERBICIDES; FLOW; USA; VALIDATION AB BACKGROUNDComplex environmental models are frequently extrapolated to overcome data limitations in space and time, but quantifying data worth to such models is rarely attempted. The authors determined which field observations most informed the parameters of agricultural system models applied to field sites in Nebraska (NE) and Maryland (MD), and identified parameters and observations that most influenced prediction uncertainty. RESULTSThe standard error of regression of the calibrated models was about the same at both NE (0.59) and MD (0.58), and overall reductions in prediction uncertainties of metolachlor and metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid concentrations were 98.0 and 98.6% respectively. Observation data groups reduced the prediction uncertainty by 55-90% at NE and by 28-96% at MD. Soil hydraulic parameters were well informed by the observed data at both sites, but pesticide and macropore properties had comparatively larger contributions after model calibration. CONCLUSIONSAlthough the observed data were sparse, they substantially reduced prediction uncertainty in unsampled regions of pesticide breakthrough curves. Nitrate evidently functioned as a surrogate for soil hydraulic data in well-drained loam soils conducive to conservative transport of nitrogen. Pesticide properties and macropore parameters could most benefit from improved characterization further to reduce model misfit and prediction uncertainty. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Doherty, John E.] Watermark Numer Comp, Corinda, Australia. [Doherty, John E.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Bedford Pk, SA, Australia. [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. [Ma, Liwang; Shaner, Dale L.] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 71 IS 7 BP 972 EP 985 DI 10.1002/ps.3875 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA CJ6UT UT WOS:000355630800013 PM 25132142 ER PT J AU Schulze, DJ Hearn, BC AF Schulze, Daniel J. Hearn, B. Carter, Jr. TI MANTLE XENOCRYSTS FROM THE MASONTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA KIMBERLITE: AN ORDINARY MANTLE WITH Si-ENRICHED SPINEL SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE spinel; Pennsylvania; upper mantle; Ca-ferrite; diamond; UHP; Grenville ID MINERAL INCLUSIONS; FAYETTE COUNTY; DIAMONDS; MEGACRYSTS; XENOLITHS; BENEATH AB A hypabyssal kimberlite dike in southwestern Pennsylvania (USA), emplaced through Proterozoic basement and Phanerozic cover, contains a xenocryst and xenolith assemblage typical of material sampled within the subcontinental lithosphere, including xenocrysts of Cr-rich pyrope, magnesiochromite, Cr-rich diopside, and peridotite xenoliths. Temperatures and depths of equilibration of the clinopyroxene (840 degrees C and 130 km to 1350 degrees C and 170 km) indicate some sampling in the field of diamond stability. Diamonds have not been reported, however, and the chemistry of the garnet (lherzolite, Cr-poor megacryst, and Group II eclogite) and spinel (<56.0 wt.% Cr2O3) are consistent with diamond absence and the off-craton tectonic setting of the kimberlite. An unusual feature of this suite is that, unlike most mantle xenolith/xenocryst spinel, some of those from Masontown have an unusually high silica content (to 0.59 wt.% SiO2). The significance of the high silica content is unclear, but may be related to an ultrahigh-pressure precursor chromite polymorph with a calcium ferrite structure, which can accommodate Si in solid solution. C1 [Schulze, Daniel J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Schulze, Daniel J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Hearn, B. Carter, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hearn, B. Carter, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Schulze, DJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM daniel.schulze@utoronto.ca FU NSERC FX This paper is dedicated to the late Peter L. Roeder, who spent much of his professional career studying spinel-group minerals and who was a friend, and inspiration, to the senior author. We thank Patrick Anderson and Nic Schulze for assistance in the field, Claudio Cermignani, Martina Miklos, Alison Dias, Adrian Van Rythoven, and Yanan Liu for technical assistance, Thomas Stachel and Michael Patterson for formal reviews, Bob Martin for editorial and other suggestions, and Peter Roeder and James Brenan for helpful discussions and suggestions. This research was supported by NSERC. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI QUEBEC PA 490, RUE DE LA COURONNE, QUEBEC, QC G1K 9A9, CANADA SN 0008-4476 EI 1499-1276 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 53 IS 4 BP 767 EP 773 DI 10.3749/canmin.1500056 PG 7 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA DP4ND UT WOS:000378471700011 ER PT J AU Harden, TM O'Connor, JE Driscoll, DG AF Harden, Tessa M. O'Connor, Jim E. Driscoll, Daniel G. TI Late Holocene flood probabilities in the Black Hills, South Dakota with emphasis on the Medieval Climate Anomaly SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop of the Hydrological Extreme Events in Changing Climate CY NOV 29-30, 2012 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE Paleoflood; Black Hills; Late Holocene; Medieval Climate Anomaly ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; 2 MILLENNIA; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; RECORD AB A stratigraphic record of 35 large paleofloods and four large historical floods during the last 2000 years for four basins in the Black Hills of South Dakota reveals three long-term flooding episodes, identified using probability distributions, at A.D.: 120-395, 900-1290, and 1410 to present. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (similar to A.D. 900-1300) the four basins collectively experienced 13 large floods compared to nine large floods in the previous 800 years, including the largest floods of the last 2000 years for two of the four basins. This high concentration of extreme floods is likely caused by one or more of the following: I) instability of air masses caused by stronger than normal westerlies; 2) larger or more frequent hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean; and/or 3) reduced land covering vegetation or increased forest fires caused by persistent regional drought. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harden, Tessa M.] Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO USA. [O'Connor, Jim E.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Driscoll, Daniel G.] US Geol Survey, South Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Harden, TM (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25007 Mail Code 85-833000,Bldg 67, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL PY 2015 VL 130 SI SI BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.002 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CH0XN UT WOS:000353745800006 ER PT J AU Shapiro, C Arthaud, G Casey, F Hogan, D AF Shapiro, Carl Arthaud, Greg Casey, Frank Hogan, Dianna TI Ecosystem services science, practice, and policy: Perspectives from ACES, A Community on Ecosystem Services SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shapiro, Carl; Casey, Frank] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Arthaud, Greg] US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hogan, Dianna] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Shapiro, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 115 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.04.001 PG 2 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA CI9AC UT WOS:000355061800001 ER PT J AU Richardson, L Loomis, J Kroeger, T Casey, F AF Richardson, Leslie Loomis, John Kroeger, Timm Casey, Frank TI The role of benefit transfer in ecosystem service valuation SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Benefit transfer; Ecosystem services; Nonmarket; Valuation methods ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT-VALUATION; RECREATION VALUES; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; METAANALYSIS; WATER; IMPROVEMENTS; MANAGEMENT; POLICY; VALIDITY AB The demand for timely monetary estimates of the economic value of nonmarket ecosystem goods and services has steadily increased over the last few decades. This article describes the use of benefit transfer to generate monetary value estimates of ecosystem services specifically. The article provides guidance for conducting such benefit transfers and summarizes advancements in benefit transfer methods, databases and analysis tools designed to facilitate its application. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richardson, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Loomis, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kroeger, Timm] Nature Conservancy, Cent Sci Dept, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Casey, Frank] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, Energy Minerals & Environm Hlth, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Richardson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lrichardson@usgs.gov NR 89 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 115 SI SI BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.02.018 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA CI9AC UT WOS:000355061800007 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, LP Jaeger, WL AF Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Jaeger, Windy L. TI A field investigation of the basaltic ring structures of the Channeled Scab land and the relevance to Mars SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channeled Scabland; Mars; Phreatovolcanic; Ring structure; Lava; Flood ID COLUMBIA PLATEAU; ATHABASCA VALLES; GROUND ICE; LAVA; EMPLACEMENT; PAHOEHOE; INFLATION; EQUATOR; SURFACE; HAWAII AB The basaltic ring structure (BRS) is a class of peculiar features only reported in the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington State. They have been suggested to be good analogs, however, for some circular features on Mars. BRSs are found where Pleistocene floods scoured the Columbia River Basin, stripping off the uppermost part of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and exposing structures that were previously embedded in the lava. The "Odessa Craters," near Odessa, WA, are 50-500-m-wide BRSs that are comprised of discontinuous, concentric outcrops of subvertically-jointed basalt and autointrusive dikes. Detailed field investigation of the Odessa Craters in planform and a cross-sectional exposure of a similar structure above Banks Lake, WA, lead us to propose that BRSs formed by concurrent phreatovolcanism and lava flow inflation. In this model, phreatovolcanic (aka., "rootless") cones formed on a relatively thin, active lava flow; the lava flow inflated around the cones, locally inverting topography; tensile stresses caused concentric fracturing of the lava crust; lava from within the molten interior of the flow exploited the fractures and buried the phreatovolcanic cones; and subsequent erosive floods excavated the structures. Another population of BRSs near Tokio Station, WA, consists of single-ringed, raised-rimmed structures that are smaller and more randomly distributed than the Odessa Craters. We find evidence for a phreatovolcanic component to the origin as well, and hypothesize that they are either flood-eroded phreatovolcanic cones or Odessa Crater-like BRSs. This work indicates that BRSs are not good analogs to the features on Mars because the martian features are found on the uneroded surfaces. Despite this, the now superseded concepts for BRS formation are useful for understanding the formation of the martian features. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.; Jaeger, Windy L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Keszthelyi, LP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 240 SI SI BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.027 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ3AK UT WOS:000355355600004 ER PT J AU McDermott, JM Ono, S Tivey, MK Seewald, JS Shanks, WC Solow, AR AF McDermott, Jill M. Ono, Shuhei Tivey, Margaret K. Seewald, Jeffrey S. Shanks, Wayne C., III Solow, Andrew R. TI Identification of sulfur sources and isotopic equilibria in submarine hot-springs using multiple sulfur isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; EAST PACIFIC RISE; BACK-ARC BASIN; FLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENT; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SULFATE REDUCTION; GUAYMAS BASIN AB Multiple sulfur isotopes were measured in metal sulfide deposits, elemental sulfur, and aqueous hydrogen sulfide to constrain sulfur sources and the isotopic systematics of precipitation in seafloor hydrothermal vents. Areas studied include the Eastern Manus Basin and Lau Basin back-arc spreading centers and the unsedimented basalt-hosted Southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) and sediment-hosted Guaymas Basin mid-ocean ridge spreading centers. Chalcopyrite and dissolved hydrogen sulfide (H2S)delta S-34 values range from -5.5 parts per thousand to +5.6 parts per thousand in Manus Basin samples, +2.4 parts per thousand to +6.1 parts per thousand in Lau Basin samples, and +3.7 parts per thousand to +5.7 parts per thousand in SEPR samples. Values of delta S-34 for cubic cubanite and H2S range from -1.4 parts per thousand to +4.7 parts per thousand in Guaymas Basin samples. Multiple sulfur isotope systematics in fluid-mineral pairs from the SEPR and Lau Basin show that crustal host rock and thermochemical reduction of seawater-derived dissolved sulfate (SO4) are the primary sources of sulfur in mid-ocean ridge and some back-arc systems. At PACMANUS and SuSu Knolls hydrothermal systems in the Eastern Manus Basin, a significant contribution of sulfur is derived from disproportionation of magmatic sulfur dioxide (SO2), while the remaining sulfur is derived from crustal host rocks and SO4 reduction. At the sedimented Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system, sulfur sources include crustal host rock, reduced seawater SO4, and biogenic sulfide. Vent fluid flow through fresher, less-mature sediment supplies an increased quantity of reactant organic compounds that may reduce S-34-enriched SO4, while fluid interaction with more highly-altered sediments results in H2S characterized by a small, but isotopically-significant input of S-34-depleted biogenic sulfides. Near-zero delta S-33 values in all samples implicate the abiotic processes of SO4 reduction and leaching of host rock as the major contributors to sulfur content at a high temperature unsedimented mid-ocean ridge and at a back-arc system. delta S-33 values indicate that SO2 disproportionation is an additional process that contributes sulfur to a different back-arc system and to acid spring-type hydrothermal fluid circulation. At the sedimented Guaymus Basin, near-zero delta S-33 values are also observed, despite negative delta S-34 values that indicate inputs of biogenic pyrite for some samples. In contrast with previous studies reporting isotope disequilibrium between H2S and chalcopyrite, the delta S-34 values of chalcopyrite sampled from the inner 1-2 mm of a chimney wall are within -1 parts per thousand of delta S-34 values for H2S in the paired vent fluid, suggesting equilibrium fluid-mineral sulfur isotope exchange at 300-400 degrees C. Isotopic equilibrium between hydrothermal fluid H2S and precipitating chalcopyrite implies that sulfur isotopes in the chalcopyrite lining across a chimney wall may accurately record past hydrothermal activity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McDermott, Jill M.] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ono, Shuhei] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tivey, Margaret K.; Seewald, Jeffrey S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80255 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McDermott, JM (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jillmmcdermott@alum.mit.edu FU NASA [NNX09AB75G]; NSF [OCE-1061863, OCE-1038135, OCE-0751839, OCE-0702677, OCE-0327448, OCE-0118394, OCE-9419156, OCE-9417121, OCE-9712153] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Thompson, R/V Atlantis, R/V Melville, and R/V Western Flyer and the ROV Jason II, HOV Alvin, and ROV Tiburon teams for their dedication, expertise, and assistance during five successful field programs. We wish to thank J. Alt, B. Wing, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this manuscript, as well as S. Herrera and S. Sylva for their recommendations on earlier versions. This study received financial support from NASA Grant NNX09AB75G and NSF Grants OCE-1061863, OCE-1038135, OCE-0751839, OCE-0702677, OCE-0327448, OCE-0118394, OCE-9419156, OCE-9417121, and OCE-9712153. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 160 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.016 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CI6OJ UT WOS:000354879400012 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM McEwen, AS AF Dundas, Colin M. McEwen, Alfred S. TI Slope activity in Gale crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Geological processes ID ROCKNEST AEOLIAN DEPOSIT; LINEAE RSL; PERCHLORATE; STREAKS; FLOWS; WATER AB High-resolution repeat imaging of Aeolis Mons, the central mound in Gale crater, reveals active slope processes within tens of kilometers of the Curiosity rover. At one location near the base of northeastern Aeolis Mons, dozens of transient narrow lineae were observed, resembling features (Recurring Slope Lineae) that are potentially due to liquid water. However, the lineae faded and have not recurred in subsequent Mars years. Other small-scale slope activity is common, but has different spatial and temporal characteristics. We have not identified confirmed RSL, which Rummel et al. (Rummel, J.D. et al. [2014]. Astrobiology 14, 887-968) recommended be treated as potential special regions for planetary protection. Repeat images acquired as Curiosity approaches the base of Aeolis Mons could detect changes due to active slope processes, which could enable the rover to examine recently exposed material. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX13AK01G]; MRO HiRISE project FX HiRISE images are available via the Planetary Data System. We thank Ken Tanaka and Ryan Anderson for comments on an early draft of this paper. David Stillman and Kevin Lewis provided detailed and helpful reviews. This work was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program grant NNX13AK01G and the MRO HiRISE project. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 254 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CI8KU UT WOS:000355022000018 ER PT J AU Foreman, WT Rose, DL Chambers, DB Crain, AS Murtagh, LK Thakellapalli, H Wang, KK AF Foreman, William T. Rose, Donna L. Chambers, Douglas B. Crain, Angela S. Murtagh, Lucinda K. Thakellapalli, Haresh Wang, Kung K. TI Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Methylcychlohexane methanol; Chemical spill; Contamination; Water; Isomer; GC/MS AB A heated purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was used to determine the cis-and trans-isomers of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM), the reported major component of the Crude MCHM/Dowanol (TM) PPh glycol ether material spilled into the Elk River upriver from Charleston, West Virginia, on January 9, 2014. The trans-isomer eluted first and method detection limits were 0.16-mu g L-1 trans-, 0.28-mu g L-1 cis-, and 0.4-mu g L-1 Total (total response of isomers) 4-MCHM. Estimated concentrations in the spill source material were 491-g L-1 trans- and 277-g L-1 cis-4-MCHM, the sum constituting 84% of the source material assuming its density equaled 4-MCHM. Elk River samples collected <= 3.2 km downriver from the spill on January 15 had low (<= 2.9 mu g L-1 Total) 4-MCHM concentrations, whereas the isomers were not detected in samples collected 2 d earlier at the same sites. Similar 4-MCHM concentrations (range 4.2-5.5 mu g L-1 Total) occurred for samples of the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, on January 17, similar to 630 km downriver from the spill. Total 4-MCHM concentrations in Charleston, WV, office tap water decreased from 129 mu g L-1 on January 27 to 2.2 mu g L-1 on February 3, but remained detectable in tap samples through final collection on February 25 indicating some persistence of 4-MCHM within the water distribution system. One isomer of methyl 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate was detected in all Ohio River and tap water samples, and both isomers were detected in the source material spilled. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Foreman, William T.; Rose, Donna L.; Murtagh, Lucinda K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chambers, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. [Crain, Angela S.] US Geol Survey, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Thakellapalli, Haresh; Wang, Kung K.] W Virginia Univ, C Eugene Bennett Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Foreman, WT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wforeman@usgs.gov; dlrose@usgs.gov; dbchambe@usgs.gov; ascrain@usgs.gov; lmurtagh@usgs.gov; hanuman1hari@gmail.com; kwang@wvu.edu OI Thakellapalli, Haresh/0000-0002-2432-489X FU USGS; National Science Foundation - United States grant [CBET-1422803] FX Thanks to USGS colleagues providing sample collection/other (WV, KY, VA WSCs) and analytical (NWQL) assistance; to those providing cited personal communications; and to Jennifer Weidhaas, Lance Lin, Andrew Welton, and Andrea Dietrich (National Science Foundation RAPID grant recipients) and Cynthia Caporale and Sue Warner (USEPA, MD) for helpful discussions. Research conducted by USGS staff was funded by USGS (including the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and NWQL). Research by Thakellapalli and Wang was funded by National Science Foundation - United States grant CBET-1422803. The authors declare no competing financial interest. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2015 VL 131 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI2NP UT WOS:000354584600028 PM 25542639 ER PT J AU Midway, SR Wagner, T Arnott, SA Biondo, P Martinez-Andrade, F Wadsworth, TF AF Midway, Stephen R. Wagner, Tyler Arnott, Stephen A. Biondo, Patrick Martinez-Andrade, Fernando Wadsworth, Thomas F. TI Spatial and temporal variability in growth of southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Southern flounder; Growth; von Bertalanffy; Hierarchical model; Sex ratios; Derived parameters ID STOCK STRUCTURE; AGE; PARAMETERS; ESTUARIES; HISTORY; WATERS; FISH AB Delineation of stock structure is important for understanding the ecology and management of many fish populations, particularly those with wide-ranging distributions and high levels of harvest. Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) is a popular commercial and recreational species along the southeast Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico, USA. Recent studies have provided genetic and otolith morphology evidence that the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean stocks differ. Using age and growth data from four states (Texas, Alabama, South Carolina, and North Carolina) we expanded upon the traditional von Bertalanffy model in order to compare growth rates of putative geographic stocks of southern flounder. We improved the model fitting process by adding a hierarchical Bayesian framework to allow each parameter to vary spatially or temporally as a random effect, as well as log transforming the three model parameters (L-infinity, K, and t(0)). Multiple comparisons of parameters showed that growth rates varied (even within states) for females, but less for males. Growth rates were also consistent through time, when long-term data were available. Since within-basin populations are thought to be genetically well-mixed, our results suggest that consistent small-scale environmental conditions (i.e., within estuaries) likely drive growth rates and should be considered when developing broader scale management plans. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Midway, Stephen R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Arnott, Stephen A.; Biondo, Patrick] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Martinez-Andrade, Fernando] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Coastal Fisheries Div, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Wadsworth, Thomas F.] North Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Midway, SR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM srm30@psu.edu RI Arnott, Stephen/D-1014-2013 OI Arnott, Stephen/0000-0003-0761-709X NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 167 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.03.009 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CH0VO UT WOS:000353740700035 ER PT J AU Kienzler, A Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Schweigert, N Devaux, A Bony, S AF Kienzler, Aude Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Schweigert, Nathalie Devaux, Alain Bony, Sylvie TI Exposure to runoff from coal-tar-sealed pavement induces genotoxicity and impairment of DNA repair capacity in the RTL-W1 fish liver cell line SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Genotoxicity; DNA repair activity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; N-heterocycle; Coal tar; Urban runoff ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; COMET ASSAY; IN-VITRO; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; CONTAMINATED SITES; REACTIVE OXYGEN; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; SEDIMENTS; RIVER AB Coal-tar-based (CTB) sealcoat, frequently applied to parking lots and driveways in North America, contains elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related compounds. The RTL-W1 fish liver cell line was used to investigate two endpoints (genotoxicity and DNA-repair-capacity impairment) associated with exposure to runoff from asphalt pavement with CTB sealcoat or with an asphalt-based sealcoat hypothesized to contain about 7% CTB sealcoat (AS-blend). Genotoxic potential was assessed by the Formamido pyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay for 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of runoff samples collected from 5 h to 36 d following sealcoat application. DNA-repair capacity was assessed by the base excision repair comet assay for 1:10 dilution of samples collected 26 h and 36 d following application. Both assays were run with and without co-exposure to ultraviolet-A radiation (UVA). With co-exposure to UVA, genotoxic effects were significant for both dilutions of CTB runoff for three of four sample times, and for some samples of AS-blend runoff. Base excision repair was significantly impaired for CTB runoff both with and without UVA exposure, and for AS-blend runoff only in the absence of UVA. This study is the first to investigate the effects of exposure to the complex mixture of chemicals in coal tar on DNA repair capacity. The results indicate that co-exposure to runoff from CT-sealcoated pavement and UVA as much as a month after sealcoat application has the potential to cause genotoxicity and impair DNA repair capacity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kienzler, Aude; Schweigert, Nathalie; Devaux, Alain; Bony, Sylvie] Univ Lyon, UMR LEHNA 5023, USC INRA, ENTPE, F-69518 Vaulx En Velin, France. [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Bony, S (reprint author), Univ Lyon, UMR LEHNA 5023, USC INRA, ENTPE, Rue Maurice Audin, F-69518 Vaulx En Velin, France. EM aude.kienzler@entpe.fr; bjmahler@usgs.gov; pcvanmet@usgs.gov; alain.devaux@entpe.fr; bony@entpe.fr OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU French National School of Public Works [2009-056] FX The research was funded by the French National School of Public Works (AK PhD grant No 2009-056). The authors acknowledge Dr. L.E.J. Lee and Dr. N.C. Bols (University Wilfrid Laurier, Waterloo, Canada) for their permission to use the RTL-W1 cell line for research purposes, and Xavier Tronchere for his skillful assistance in the laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 520 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG7TZ UT WOS:000353509500008 PM 25795989 ER PT J AU Hytteborn, JK Temnerud, J Alexander, RB Boyer, EW Futter, MN Froberg, M Dahne, J Bishop, KH AF Hytteborn, Julia K. Temnerud, Johan Alexander, Richard B. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Futter, Martyn N. Froberg, Mats Dahne, Joel Bishop, Kevin H. TI Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Total organic carbon; Concentration and load estimation; Watercourses; Seasonality; Climate change; Water quality modeling ID NORTHERN SWEDEN; SURFACE WATERS; RUNNING WATERS; MODEL; CLIMATE; DOC; DYNAMICS; TRENDS; ACIDIFICATION; PREDICTIONS AB Factors affecting total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in 215 watercourses across Sweden were investigated using parameter parsimonious regression approaches to explain spatial and temporal variabilities of the TOC water quality responses. We systematically quantified the effects of discharge, seasonality, and long-term trend as factors controlling intra-annual (among year) and inter-annual (within year) variabilities of TOC by evaluating the spatial variability in model coefficients and catchment characteristics (e.g. land cover, retention time, soil type). Catchment area (0.18-47,000 km(2)) and land cover types (forests, agriculture and alpine terrain) are typical for the boreal and hemiboreal zones across Fennoscandia. Watercourses had at least 6 years of monthly water quality observations between 1990 and 2010. Statistically significant models (p < 0.05) describing variation of TOC in streamflow were identified in 209 of 215 watercourses with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index of 0.44. Increasing long-term trends were observed in 149 (70%) of the watercourses, and intra-annual variation in TOC far exceeded inter-annual variation. The average influences of the discharge and seasonality terms on intra-annual variations in daily TOC concentration were 1.4 and 1.3 mg l(-1) (13 and 12% of the mean annual TOC), respectively. The average increase in TOC was 0.17 mg l(-1) year(-1) (1.6% year(-1)). Multivariate regression with over 90 different catchment characteristics explained 21% of the spatial variation in the linear trend coefficient, less than 20% of the variation in the discharge coefficient and 73% of the spatial variation in mean TOC. Specific discharge, water residence time, the variance of daily precipitation, and lake area, explained 45% of the spatial variation in the amplitude of the TOC seasonality. Because the main drivers of temporal variability in TOC are seasonality and discharge, first-order estimates of the influences of climatic variability and change on TOC concentration should be predictable if the studied catchments continue to respond similarly. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hytteborn, Julia K.; Bishop, Kevin H.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Temnerud, Johan; Futter, Martyn N.; Froberg, Mats; Bishop, Kevin H.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Temnerud, Johan; Dahne, Joel] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Res Dept, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Alexander, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hytteborn, JK (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM julia.hytteborn@geo.uu.se RI Temnerud, Johan/H-4458-2011; Futter, Martyn/G-6238-2011 OI Temnerud, Johan/0000-0002-6088-6646; Futter, Martyn/0000-0002-9789-7138 FU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency research project Climate Change and Environmental Objectives (CLEO) [09/115]; MISTRA FutureForests program; FORMAS ForWater strong research environment [230-2010-89]; Norwegian Research Council; Nordic Council; Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; ECCO; DomQua FX We thank Brian Huser for managing the soil type data, Claudia von Bromssen for statistical support, Asad Jamil for computing the theoretical water residence time from map data, and Greg Schwarz for the help in using Fluxmaster. Financial support for this research was provided by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency research project Climate Change and Environmental Objectives (CLEO Contract 09/115). Martyn Futter was supported by the MISTRA FutureForests program, the FORMAS ForWater strong research environment (grant number 230-2010-89) and the ECCO (funded by the Norwegian Research Council) and DomQua (funded by the Nordic Council) projects. Johan Temnerud was partly supported by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Richard Alexander received support from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for funding the monitoring of the water quality data. We would also like to acknowledge the role of the Geochemical Laboratory at the SLU Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment for the consistent quality of the water chemistry data over half a century of monitoring. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 520 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CG7TZ UT WOS:000353509500028 PM 25817763 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Spinardi, F Okamoto, N Mizell, K Thorburn, D Tawake, A AF Hein, James R. Spinardi, Francesca Okamoto, Nobuyuki Mizell, Kira Thorburn, Darryl Tawake, Akuila TI Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Manganese nodules; Cook Islands EEZ; Critical metals; Mn; Ti; Co; Ni; REY ID FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; SOUTH-PACIFIC; RARE-EARTH; ELEMENTS; COBALT AB The Cook Islands (Cis) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) encompasses 1,977,000 km(2) and includes the Penrhyn and Samoa basins abyssal plains where manganese nodules flourish due to the availability of prolific nucleus material, slow sedimentation rates, and strong bottom currents. A group of CIs nodules was analyzed for mineralogical and chemical composition, which include many critical metals not before analyzed for CIs nodules. These nodules have varying sizes and nuclei material; however all are composed predominantly of delta-MnO2 and X-ray amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. The mineralogy, Fe/Mn ratios, rare earth element contents, and slow growth rates (mean 1.9 mm/10(6) years) reflect formation primarily by hydrogenetic precipitation. The paucity of diagenetic input can be explained by low primary productivity at the surface and resultant low organic matter content in seafloor sediment, producing oxic seafloor and sub-seafloor environments. The nodules contain high mean contents of Co (0.41%), Ni (0.38%), Ti (1.20%), and total rare earth elements plus yttrium (REV; 0.167%), and also high contents of Mo, Nb, V, W, and Zr. Compiled data from a series of four cruises by the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the Mining agency of Japan from 1985 to 2000 were used to generate a map that defines the statistical distribution of nodule abundance throughout the EEZ, except the Manihiki Plateau. The abundance distribution map shows a belt of high nodule abundance (19-45 kg/m(2)) that starts in the southeast corner of the EEZ, runs northwest, and also bifurcates into a SW trending branch. Small, isolated areas contain abundances of nodules of up to 58 kg/m(2). Six similar to 20,000 km(2) areas of particularly high abundance were chosen to represent potential exploration areas, and maps for metal concentration were generated to visualize metal distribution and to extrapolate estimated metal tonnages within the six sites and the EEZ as a whole. Grades for Mn, Cu, and Ni are low in Cis nodules in areas of high abundance; however, Ti, Co, and REY show high contents where nodule abundances are high. Of the six areas identified to represent a range of metal contents, one at the northern end of the N-S abundance main belt optimizes the most metals and would yield the highest dry metric tons for Mn (61,002,292), Ni (1,247,834), Mo (186,166), V (356,247), W (30,215), and Zr (195,323). When compared with the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, the Cis nodules show higher nodule abundances (>25 kg/m(2) over similar to 123,844 km(2)), and are more enriched in the green-tech, high-tech, and energy metals Co, Ti, Te, Nb, REY, Pt, and Zr. The CIs EEZ shows a significant resource potential for these critical metals due to their high prices, high demand, and the high nodule abundance, which will allow for a smaller footprint for a 20-year mine site and therefore smaller environmental impact. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hein, James R.; Spinardi, Francesca; Mizell, Kira] US Geol Survey, PCMSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Okamoto, Nobuyuki] JOGMEC, Met Min Technol Dept, Sea Floor Mineral Resources R&D Div, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050001, Japan. [Thorburn, Darryl] Seabed Minerals Author, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Tawake, Akuila] SPC, SOPAC Div, Suva, Fiji. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, PCMSC, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 68 BP 97 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.12.011 PG 20 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CD2UR UT WOS:000350935000007 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Lewandowski, J Meinikmann, K Nutzmann, G AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Lewandowski, Joerg Meinikmann, Karin Nuetzmann, Gunnar TI Groundwater - the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 1: effects of groundwater on hydrology SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Review DE groundwater; lake; water balance; water budget; seepage ID NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA; CLOSED-BASIN LAKE; SURFACE-WATER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEEPAGE METER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; BANK FILTRATION; PORE-WATER; VERTICAL CONDUCTANCE; MESOTROPHIC LAKE AB Lake eutrophication is a large and growing problem in many parts of the world, commonly due to anthropogenic sources of nutrients. Improved quantification of nutrient inputs is required to address this problem, including better determination of exchanges between groundwater and lakes. This first of a two-part review provides a brief history of the evolution of the study of groundwater exchange with lakes, followed by a listing of the most commonly used methods for quantifying this exchange. Rates of exchange between lakes and groundwater compiled from the literature are statistically summarized for both exfiltration (flow from groundwater to a lake) and infiltration (flow from a lake to groundwater), including per cent contribution of groundwater to lake-water budgets. Reported rates of exchange between groundwater and lakes span more than five orders of magnitude. Median exfiltration is 0.74cm/day, and median infiltration is 0.60cm/day. Exfiltration ranges from near 0% to 94% of input terms in lake-water budgets, and infiltration ranges from near 0% to 91% of loss terms. Median values for exfiltration and infiltration as percentages of input and loss terms of lake-water budgets are 25% and 35%, respectively. Quantification of the groundwater term is somewhat method dependent, indicating that calculating the groundwater component with multiple methods can provide a better understanding of the accuracy of estimates. The importance of exfiltration to a lake budget ranges widely for lakes less than about 100ha in area but generally decreases with increasing lake area, particularly for lakes that exceed 100ha in area. No such relation is evident for lakes where infiltration occurs, perhaps because of the smaller sample size. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, MS 413, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Lewandowski, Joerg; Meinikmann, Karin; Nuetzmann, Gunnar] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecohydrol, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Lewandowski, Jorg/E-9028-2012; OI Lewandowski, Jorg/0000-0001-5278-129X; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 263 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 13 BP 2895 EP 2921 DI 10.1002/hyp.10403 PG 27 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CL2XH UT WOS:000356810500004 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, J Meinikmann, K Nutzmann, G Rosenberry, DO AF Lewandowski, Joerg Meinikmann, Karin Nuetzmann, Gunnar Rosenberry, Donald O. TI Groundwater - the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE lacustrine groundwater discharge; phosphorus; nutrients; eutrophication; loads ID NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; SEPTIC SYSTEM PLUMES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DOMESTIC WASTE-WATER; RIVER RIPARIAN ZONE; CLOSED-BASIN LAKE; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER; PORE-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; SEEPAGE LAKE AB Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) transports nutrients from a catchment to a lake, which may fuel eutrophication, one of the major threats to our fresh waters. Unfortunately, LGD has often been disregarded in lake nutrient studies. Most measurement techniques are based on separate determinations of volume and nutrient concentration of LGD: Loads are calculated by multiplying seepage volumes by concentrations of exfiltrating water. Typically low phosphorus (P) concentrations of pristine groundwater often are increased due to anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, manure or sewage. Mineralization of naturally present organic matter might also increase groundwater P. Reducing redox conditions favour P transport through the aquifer to the reactive aquifer-lake interface. In some cases, large decreases of P concentrations may occur at the interface, for example, due to increased oxygen availability, while in other cases, there is nearly no decrease in P. The high reactivity of the interface complicates quantification of groundwater-borne P loads to the lake, making difficult clear differentiation of internal and external P loads to surface water. Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen (N) in groundwater are similar to those of phosphate. However, the environmental fate of N differs fundamentally from P because N occurs in several different redox states, each with different mobility. While nitrate behaves essentially conservatively in most oxic aquifers, ammonium's mobility is similar to that of phosphate. Nitrate may be transformed to gaseous N-2 in reducing conditions and permanently removed from the system. Biogeochemical turnover of N is common at the reactive aquifer-lake interface. Nutrient loads from LGD were compiled from the literature. Groundwater-borne P loads vary from 0.74 to 2900mg PO4-P m(-2)year(-1); for N, these loads vary from 0.001 to 640gm(-2)year(-1). Even small amounts of seepage can carry large nutrient loads due to often high nutrient concentrations in groundwater. Large spatial heterogeneity, uncertain areal extent of the interface and difficult accessibility make every determination of LGD a challenge. However, determinations of LGD are essential to effective lake management. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lewandowski, Joerg; Meinikmann, Karin; Nuetzmann, Gunnar] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecohydrol, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Lewandowski, J (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecohydrol, Mggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM lewe@igb-berlin.de RI Lewandowski, Jorg/E-9028-2012; OI Lewandowski, Jorg/0000-0001-5278-129X; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 274 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 13 BP 2922 EP 2955 DI 10.1002/hyp.10384 PG 34 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CL2XH UT WOS:000356810500005 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Benoit, J Healy, RW AF Heilweil, Victor M. Benoit, Jerome Healy, Richard W. TI Variably saturated groundwater modelling for optimizing managed aquifer recharge using trench infiltration SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE trench infiltration; managed aquifer recharge; variably saturated modelling; fractured sandstone; vadose zone; unsaturated hydraulic properties ID BEDROCK AB Spreading-basin methods have resulted in more than 130million cubic metres of recharge to the unconfined Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah in the past decade, but infiltration rates have slowed in recent years because of reduced hydraulic gradients and (or) clogging. Trench infiltration is a promising alternative technique for increasing recharge and minimizing evaporation. This paper uses a variably saturated flow model to further investigate the relative importance of the following variables on rates of trench infiltration to unconfined aquifers: saturated hydraulic conductivity, trench spacing and dimensions, initial water-table depth, alternate wet/dry periods, and number of parallel trenches. Modelling results showed (1) increased infiltration with higher hydraulic conductivity, deeper initial water tables, and larger spacing between parallel trenches, (2) deeper or wider trenches do not substantially increase infiltration, (3) alternating wet/dry periods result in less overall infiltration than keeping the trenches continuously full, and (4) larger numbers of parallel trenches within a fixed area increases infiltration but with a diminishing effect as trench spacing becomes tighter. An empirical equation for estimating expected trench infiltration rates as a function of hydraulic conductivity and initial water-table depth was derived and can be used for evaluating feasibility of trench infiltration in other hydrogeologic settings. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Heilweil, Victor M.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Benoit, Jerome] SAUR, Water Treatment Engn, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM heilweil@usgs.gov FU Washington County Water Conservancy District; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the Washington County Water Conservancy District, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks to Ron Thompson and Corey Cram for providing logistical support and helpful discussions regarding trench infiltration in the context of water resources management for southwestern Utah. We would like to acknowledge the help of John Nimmo and Kimberlie Perkins (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA) for their laboratory determination of variably saturated hydraulic properties from Navajo Sandstone cores. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 13 BP 3010 EP 3019 DI 10.1002/hyp.10413 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CL2XH UT WOS:000356810500010 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Martin, RG AF Moody, John A. Martin, Richard G. TI Measurements of the initiation of post-wildfire runoff during rainstorms using in situ overland flow detectors SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE unsteady overland flow; time-to-start of runoff; initial abstraction; wildfire; infiltrability; convective rainstorms; threshold; hydrologic model parameter ID WATER REPELLENCY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION RATES; STEADY RAINFALL; PONDING TIME; FRONT RANGE; SOIL; RESISTANCE; FOREST AB Overland flow detectors (OFDs) were deployed in 2012 on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon fire near Boulder, Colorado, USA. These detectors were simple, electrical resistor-type instruments that output a voltage (0-25 V) and were designed to measure and record the time of runoff initiation, a signal proportional to water depth, and the runoff hydrograph during natural convective rainstorms. Initiation of runoff was found to be spatially complex and began at different times in different locations on the hillslope. Runoff started first at upstream detectors 56% of the time, at the mid-stream detectors 6%, and at the downstream detectors 38% of the time. Initiation of post-wildfire runoff depended on the time-to-ponding, travel time between points, and the time to fill surface depression storage. These times ranged from 05-54, 04-11, and 02-14 minutes, respectively, indicating the importance of the ponding process in controlling the initiation of runoff at this site. Time-to-ponding was modeled as a function of the rainfall acceleration (i.e. the rate of change of rainfall intensity) and either the cumulative rainfall at the start of runoff or the soil-water deficit. Measurements made by the OFDs provided physical insight into the spatial and temporal initiation of post-wildfire runoff during unsteady flow in response to time varying natural rainfall. They also provided data that can be telemetered and used to determine critical input parameters for hydrologic rainfall-runoff models. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Moody, John A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Martin, Richard G.] Martin Enterprise, Wheat Ridge, CO USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1043 EP 1056 DI 10.1002/esp.3704 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CK7XG UT WOS:000356448900005 ER PT J AU Neuzil, CE AF Neuzil, C. E. TI Interpreting fluid pressure anomalies in shallow intraplate argillaceous formations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pressure anomaly; argillaceous; low permeability; shale ID EASTERN MICHIGAN BASIN; LOW-PERMEABILITY; IN-SITU; HYDRAULIC UNDERPRESSURES; DEEP BOREHOLES; PORE PRESSURES; BURE SITE; FLOW; EVOLUTION; ONTARIO AB Investigations have revealed several instances of apparently isolated highs or lows in pore fluid potential in shallow (300,000 barrels per month) are much more likely to be associated with earthquakes than lower-rate wells. At the scale of our study, a well's cumulative injected volume, monthly wellhead pressure, depth, and proximity to crystalline basement do not strongly correlate with earthquake association. Managing injection rates may be a useful tool to minimize the likelihood of induced earthquakes. C1 [Weingarten, M.; Ge, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godt, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bekins, B. A.; Rubinstein, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Weingarten, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.weingarten@colorado.edu OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis - U.S. Geological Survey [G13AC00023] FX This work was conducted as a part of the Understanding Fluid Injection Induced Seismicity Project supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (grant G13AC00023). We thank J. Hardebeck and W. Ellsworth for their thoughtful comments. This project was aided by injection data contributed by A. Holland (OK), C. Eisenger (CO), T. Kropatsch (WY), J. Amrheim (IN), T. Tomastik (OH), S. Platt (PA), I. Allred (UT), M. Berry (UT), A. Wickert (TX), and I. Van-Vloten (CEUS). This project used earthquake data from the ANSS Comprehensive Catalog. The well data used in this study are available as supplementary materials on Science Online. NR 32 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 13 U2 56 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 19 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6241 BP 1336 EP 1340 DI 10.1126/science.aab1345 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK7XK UT WOS:000356449500044 PM 26089509 ER PT J AU Mollet, P Kery, M Gardner, B Pasinelli, G Royle, JA AF Mollet, Pierre Kery, Marc Gardner, Beth Pasinelli, Gilberto Royle, J. Andrew TI Estimating Population Size for Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) with Spatial Capture-Recapture Models Based on Genotypes from One Field Sample SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; MATING SYSTEMS; INFERENCE; GROUSE; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK; WINBUGS; DENSITY; ADULT AB We conducted a survey of an endangered and cryptic forest grouse, the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, based on droppings collected on two sampling occasions in eight forest fragments in central Switzerland in early spring 2009. We used genetic analyses to sex and individually identify birds. We estimated sex-dependent detection probabilities and population size using a modern spatial capture-recapture (SCR) model for the data from pooled surveys. A total of 127 capercaillie genotypes were identified (77 males, 46 females, and 4 of unknown sex). The SCR model yielded atotal population size estimate (posterior mean) of 137.3 capercaillies (posterior sd 4.2, 95% CRI 130-147). The observed sex ratio was skewed towards males (0.63). The posterior mean of the sex ratio under the SCR model was 0.58 (posterior sd 0.02, 95% CRI 0.54-0.61), suggesting a male-biased sex ratio in our study area. A subsampling simulation study indicated that a reduced sampling effort representing 75% of the actual detections would still yield practically acceptable estimates of total size and sex ratio in our population. Hence, field work and financial effort could be reduced without compromising accuracy when the SCR model is used to estimate key population parameters of cryptic species. C1 [Mollet, Pierre; Kery, Marc; Pasinelli, Gilberto] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mollet, P (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM pierre.mollet@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Swiss federal office for the environment; Stiftung Naturland; Ausbildungsstiftung fur den Kanton Schwyz und den Bezirk Gaster FX Swiss federal office for the environment (http://www.bafu.admin.ch/); Stiftung Naturland (http://www.naturland.ch/); Ausbildungsstiftung fur den Kanton Schwyz und den Bezirk Gaster (Kanton St. Gallen) (No Webpage). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0129020 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129020 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK9NT UT WOS:000356567500032 PM 26087321 ER PT J AU Lozos, JC Harris, RA Murray, JR Lienkaemper, JJ AF Lozos, Julian C. Harris, Ruth A. Murray, Jessica R. Lienkaemper, James J. TI Dynamic rupture models of earthquakes on the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquake rupture; Bartlett Springs Fault; northern San Andreas system; aseismic creep; fault friction; dynamic modeling ID HAYWARD FAULT; STRESS; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; CREEP; SLIP AB The Bartlett Springs Fault (BSF), the easternmost branch of the northern San Andreas Fault system, creeps along much of its length. Geodetic data for the BSF are sparse, and surface creep rates are generally poorly constrained. The two existing geodetic slip rate inversions resolve at least one locked patch within the creeping zones. We use the 3-D finite element code FaultMod to conduct dynamic rupture models based on both geodetic inversions, in order to determine the ability of rupture to propagate into the creeping regions, as well as to assess possible magnitudes for BSF ruptures. For both sets of models, we find that the distribution of aseismic creep limits the extent of coseismic rupture, due to the contrast in frictional properties between the locked and creeping regions. C1 [Lozos, Julian C.] Stanford USGS9, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. [Harris, Ruth A.; Murray, Jessica R.; Lienkaemper, James J.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Lozos, JC (reprint author), Stanford USGS9, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. EM jlozos@stanford.edu RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Institute; USGS-PGE CRADA; National Science Foundation Earth Science Postdoctoral Fellowship [EAR-PF-1250143] FX We generate our dynamic rupture models using the 3-D finite element code FaultMod [Barall, 2009]. Our model setup is based on the geodetic inversions of Murray et al. [2014] and Lienkaemper et al. [2014], and we implement a velocity structure [Castillo and Ellsworth, 1993] and stress field orientation [Provost and Houston, 2003] from the literature. All of these studies are accessible in peer-reviewed journals. No other external data were used in this study. The authors would like to thank Norman Abrahamson (PG&E/UC Berkeley) for support for this study. We would also like to thank Brad Aagaard, Deborah Smith, Michael Floyd, and one anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions. The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and the USGS-PG&E CRADA contributed funding to this project. Julian Lozos is supported by a National Science Foundation Earth Science Postdoctoral Fellowship under award EAR-PF-1250143. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4343 EP 4349 DI 10.1002/2015GL063802 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200013 ER PT J AU Shukla, S Safeeq, M AghaKouchak, A Guan, K Funk, C AF Shukla, Shraddhanand Safeeq, Mohammad AghaKouchak, Amir Guan, Kaiyu Funk, Chris TI Temperature impacts on the water year 2014 drought in California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE California drought; drought predictability ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MODEL AB California is experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. We use a hydrological model and risk assessment framework to understand the influence of temperature on the water year (WY) 2014 drought in California and examine the probability that this drought would have been less severe if temperatures resembled the historical climatology. Our results indicate that temperature played an important role in exacerbating the WY 2014 drought severity. We found that if WY 2014 temperatures resembled the 1916-2012 climatology, there would have been at least an 86% chance that winter snow water equivalent and spring-summer soil moisture and runoff deficits would have been less severe than the observed conditions. We also report that the temperature forecast skill in California for the important seasons of winter and spring is negligible, beyond a lead time of 1month, which we postulate might hinder skillful drought prediction in California. C1 [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Safeeq, Mohammad] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. [Safeeq, Mohammad] US Forest Serv Pacific Southwest Reg, Fresno, CA USA. [AghaKouchak, Amir] Univ Calif Irvine, Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Guan, Kaiyu] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Shukla, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shrad@geog.ucsb.edu RI Guan, Kaiyu/N-5772-2015 OI Guan, Kaiyu/0000-0002-3499-6382 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) [G14AC00042] FX This work was primarily supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) award #G14AC00042. We are grateful to Andrew Hoell, Libby White (UCSB), and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable review and comments and Mike Hobbins (NOAA) for providing us Potential Evapotranspiration (ETo) data used in this study. The VIC Model forcings, parameters, and output used in this study will be made available upon contacting Shraddhanand Shukla (shrad@geog.ucsb.edu). The NCDC climate division temperature data were obtained from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/maps/usclimate-divisions. php. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4384 EP 4393 DI 10.1002/2015GL063666 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200018 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Day-Lewis, FD Zarnetske, JP Harvey, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Zarnetske, Jay P. Harvey, Judson W. TI A physical explanation for the development of redox microzones in hyporheic flow SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hyporheic; microzone; microsite; denitrification; biogeochemical; mass transfer ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; MASS-TRANSFER; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; ZONE; DENITRIFICATION; EXCHANGE AB Recent observations reveal a paradox of anaerobic respiration occurring in seemingly oxic-saturated sediments. Here we demonstrate a residence time-based explanation for this paradox. Specifically, we show how microzones favorable to anaerobic respiration processes (e.g., denitrification, metal reduction, and methanogenesis) can develop in the embedded less mobile porosity of bulk-oxic hyporheic zones. Anoxic microzones develop when transport time from the streambed to the pore center exceeds a characteristic uptake time of oxygen. A two-dimensional pore-network model was used to quantify how anoxic microzones develop across a range of hyporheic flow and oxygen uptake conditions. Two types of microzones develop: flow invariant and flow dependent. The former is stable across variable hydrologic conditions, whereas the formation and extent of the latter are sensitive to flow rate and orientation. Therefore, pore-scale residence time heterogeneity, which can now be evaluated in situ, offers a simple explanation for anaerobic signals occurring in oxic pore waters. C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Zarnetske, Jay P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mbriggs@usgs.gov RI Zarnetske, Jay/F-4685-2010; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Zarnetske, Jay/0000-0003-2777-5378; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1446300, EAR-1446328]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Groundwater, USGS National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Programand Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Leverhulme Trust; Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program [DE-SC0001773] FX The synthetic data created for this study can be accessed at the Branch of Geophysics website at http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/. Funding for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation grants EAR-1446300 and EAR-1446328, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Groundwater, USGS National Research Program, and Groundwater Resources Programand Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and The Leverhulme Trust. Development of the pore-network model was supported by Department of Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program grant DE-SC0001773. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4402 EP 4410 DI 10.1002/2015GL064200 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200020 ER PT J AU Fernie, KJ Palace, V Peters, LE Basu, N Letcher, RJ Karouna-Renier, NK Schultz, SL Lazarus, RS Rattner, BA AF Fernie, Kimberly J. Palace, Vince Peters, Lisa E. Basu, Nil Letcher, Robert J. Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Schultz, Sandra L. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Rattner, Barnett A. TI Investigating Endocrine and Physiological Parameters of Captive American Kestrels Exposed by Diet to Selected Organophosphate Flame Retardants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BILE-ACID CONCENTRATIONS; THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; FALCO-SPARVERIUS; GREAT-LAKES; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHICKEN EMBRYOS; CIRCULATING TESTOSTERONE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB Organophosphate triesters are high production volume additive flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers. Shown to accumulate in abiotic and biotic environmental compartments, little is known about the risks they pose. Captive adult male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed the same dose (22 ng OPFR/g kestrel/d) daily (21 d) of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), or tris(1,2-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). Concentrations were undetected in tissues (renal, hepatic), suggesting rapid metabolism. There were no changes in glutathione status, indicators of hepatic oxidative status, or the cholinergic system (i.e., cerebrum, plasma cholinesterases; cerebrum muscarinic, nicotinic receptors). Modest changes occurred in hepatocyte integrity and function (clinical chemistry). Significant effects on plasma free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations occurred with exposure to TBOEP, TCEP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP; TBOEP and TCEP had additional overall effects on free thyroxine (FT4), whereas TDCIPP also influenced total thyroxine (TT4). Relative increases (32%-96%) in circulating FT3, TT3, FT4, and/or TT4 were variable with each OPFR at 7 d exposure, but limited thereafter, which was likely maintained through decreased thyroid gland activity and increased hepatic deiodinase activity. The observed physiological and endocrine effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations and suggest parent OPFRs or metabolites may have been present despite rapid degradation. C1 [Fernie, Kimberly J.] Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Palace, Vince; Peters, Lisa E.] Stantec Consulting Ltd, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3R6, Canada. [Basu, Nil] McGill Univ, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.; Schultz, Sandra L.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fernie, KJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM kim.fernie@ec.gc.ca OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 FU Chemicals Management Plan and the Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division of Environment Canada FX We thank Environment Canada (Chemicals Management Plan, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division) and the United States Geological Survey; Dr. Carolyn Cray (U. Miami); Dr. John French, Wayne Bauer, Mary Maxey (all USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center). Thanks also go to Lewis Gauthier in the OCRL/Letcher Laboratories at Environment Canada (NWRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada) for the OPFR analysis of the kidney and liver tissues and to Dr. Jennifer Rutiewicz for performing the neuro chemical biomarker work. Funding for this project was provided by the Chemicals Management Plan and the Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division of Environment Canada. The authors declare no competing financial interest. We thank Pamela Martin (Environment Canada) and Dr. Miguel Moira (USGS) for their reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 12 BP 7448 EP 7455 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00857 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL2EA UT WOS:000356755200040 PM 25988605 ER PT J AU Flocks, JG Kindinger, JL Kelso, KW AF Flocks, James G. Kindinger, Jack L. Kelso, Kyle W. TI Geologic control on the evolution of the inner shelf morphology offshore of the Mississippi barrier islands, northern Gulf of Mexico, USA SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sand ridges; Holocene stratigraphy; Coastal processes; Inner shelf ID SAND RIDGES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-LEVEL; FRAMEWORK; ALABAMA; MAINTENANCE; SEDIMENTS; HISTORY; FLORIDA; CYCLES AB Between 2008 and 2013, high-resolution geophysical surveys were conducted around the Mississippi barrier islands and offshore. The sonar surveys included swath and single-beam bathymetry, sidescan, and chirp subbottom data collection. The geophysical data were groundtruthed using vibracore sediment collection. The results provide insight into the evolution of the inner shelf and the relationship between the near surface geologic framework and the morphology of the coastal zone. This study focuses on the buried Pleistocene fluvial deposits and late Holocene shore-oblique sand ridges offshore of Petit Bois Island and Petit Bois Pass. Prior to this study, the physical characteristics, evolution, and interrelationship of the ridges between both the shelf geology and the adjacent barrier island platform had not been evaluated. Numerous studies elsewhere along the coastal margin attribute shoal origin and sand-ridge evolution to hydrodynamic processes in shallow water ( < 20 m). Here we characterize the correlation between the geologic framework and surface morphology and demonstrate that the underlying stratigraphy must also be considered when developing an evolutionary conceptual model. It is important to understand this near surface, nearshore dynamic in order to understand how the stratigraphy influences the long-term response of the coastal zone to sea-level rise. The study also contributes to a growing body of work characterizing shore-oblique sand ridges which, along with the related geology, are recognized as increasingly important components to a nearshore framework whose origins and evolution must be understood and inventoried to effectively manage the coastal zone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Flocks, James G.; Kindinger, Jack L.; Kelso, Kyle W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Flocks, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflocks@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi Coastal Improvement Project (MsCIP); U.S. Geological Survey Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazards Susceptibility Project FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi Coastal Improvement Project (MsCIP), and the U.S. Geological Survey Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazards Susceptibility Project. The authors would like to thank crew of the University of Southern Mississippi Research Vessel Tommy Munro for assistance during data collection, Michael FitzHarris (MsCIP) for providing sedimentologic data, and Nancy DeWitt, Dana Wiese, Julie Bernier, and Arnell Forde (all of the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, SPCMSC) for data acquisition and processing support. Jennifer Miselis (SPCMSC), Christopher Smith (SPCMSC), and two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful reviews of the manuscript which greatly strengthened its content and structure. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 101 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.04.008 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CJ2YQ UT WOS:000355351000005 ER PT J AU Barnhart, WD Briggs, RW Reitman, NG Gold, RD Hayes, GP AF Barnhart, W. D. Briggs, R. W. Reitman, N. G. Gold, R. D. Hayes, G. P. TI Evidence for slip partitioning and bimodal slip behavior on a single fault: Surface slip characteristics of the 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE geodesy; tectonic geomorphology; 2013 Balochistan earthquake; long-term fault slip behavior; continental strike-slip faults ID MAKRAN ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; MOMENT TENSORS; PLATE MOTIONS; MUD VOLCANOS; LOSS RATES; STRESS; DEFORMATION; IMAGERY; FIELD; INVERSION AB Deformation is commonly accommodated by strain partitioning on multiple, independent strike-slip and dip-slip faults in continental settings of oblique plate convergence. As a corollary, individual faults tend to exhibit one sense of slip - normal, reverse, or strike-slip - until whole-scale changes in boundary conditions reactivate preexisting faults in a new deformation regime. In this study, we show that a single continental fault may instead partition oblique strain by alternatively slipping in a strike-slip or a dip-slip sense during independent fault slip events. We use 0.5 m resolution optical imagery and sub-pixel correlation analysis of the 200+ km 2013 M(w)7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake to document co-seismic surface slip characteristics and Quaternary tectonic geomorphology along the causative Hoshab fault. We find that the 2013 earthquake, which involved a similar to 6:1 strike-slip to dip-slip ratio, ruptured a structurally segmented fault. Quaternary geomorphic indicators of gross fault-zone morphology reveal both reverse-slip and strike-slip deformation in the rupture area of the 2013 earthquake that varies systematically along fault strike despite nearly pure strike-slip motion in 2013. Observations of along-strike variations in range front relief and geomorphic offsets suggest that the Hoshab fault accommodates a substantial reverse component of fault slip in the Quaternary, especially along the southern section of the 2013 rupture. We surmise that Quaternary bimodal slip along the Hoshab fault is promoted by a combination of the arcuate geometry of the Hoshab fault, the frictional weakness of the Makran accretionary prism, and time variable loading conditions from adjacent earthquakes and plate interactions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnhart, W. D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Barnhart, W. D.; Briggs, R. W.; Reitman, N. G.; Gold, R. D.; Hayes, G. P.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Barnhart, WD (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-barnhart-1@uiowa.edu RI Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; OI Reitman, Nadine/0000-0002-6730-2682; Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; USGS Geological Hazards Program FX The authors thank editor Peter Shearer, Chris DuRoss, and two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. The authors also thank Michael Willis and Andrew Melkonian for discussions on strategies to process pixel displacements. W. Barnhart was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. R. Briggs, R. Gold, N. Reitman, and G. Hayes were supported by the USGS Geological Hazards Program. WorldView-1 and -2 imagery was provided by Digital Globe, (C) NextView, through the NGA Commercial Imagery Program. Several figures were produced using the Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel and Smith, 1998). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 420 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.027 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CH6LU UT WOS:000354148900001 ER PT J AU Kinney, KM Asner, GP Cordell, S Chadwick, OA Heckman, K Hotchkiss, S Jeraj, M Kennedy-Bowdoin, T Knapp, DE Questad, EJ Thaxton, JM Trusdell, F Kellner, JR AF Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna M. Asner, Gregory P. Cordell, Susan Chadwick, Oliver A. Heckman, Katherine Hotchkiss, Sara Jeraj, Marjeta Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty Knapp, David E. Questad, Erin J. Thaxton, Jarrod M. Trusdell, Frank Kellner, James R. TI Primary Succession on a Hawaiian Dryland Chronosequence SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOREST SUCCESSION; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; MATRIX; FIRE; AMS AB We used measurements from airborne imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR to quantify the biophysical structure and composition of vegetation on a dryland substrate age gradient in Hawaii. Both vertical stature and species composition changed during primary succession, and reveal a progressive increase in vertical stature on younger substrates followed by a collapse on Pleistocene-aged flows. Tall-stature Metrosideros polymorpha woodlands dominated on the youngest substrates (hundreds of years), and were replaced by the tall-stature endemic tree species Myoporum sandwicense and Sophora chrysophylla on intermediate-aged flows (thousands of years). The oldest substrates (tens of thousands of years) were dominated by the short-stature native shrub Dodonaea viscosa and endemic grass Eragrostis atropioides. We excavated 18 macroscopic charcoal fragments from Pleistocene-aged substrates. Mean radiocarbon age was 2,002 years and ranged from < 200 to 7,730. Genus identities from four fragments indicate that Osteomeles spp. or M. polymorpha once occupied the Pleistocene-aged substrates, but neither of these species is found there today. These findings indicate the existence of fires before humans are known to have occupied the Hawaiian archipelago, and demonstrate that a collapse in vertical stature is prevalent on the oldest substrates. This work contributes to our understanding of prehistoric fires in shaping the trajectory of primary succession in Hawaiian drylands. C1 [Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna M.; Kellner, James R.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna M.; Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI USA. [Asner, Gregory P.; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Knapp, David E.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Heckman, Katherine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, USDA, Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn,Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometr, Livermore, CA USA. [Hotchkiss, Sara; Jeraj, Marjeta] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. [Questad, Erin J.] Calif Polytech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Trusdell, Frank] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI USA. RP Kinney, KM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM kealohanuiopuna_kinney@brown.edu OI Hotchkiss, Sara/0000-0002-0383-0144 FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; University of Maryland, College Park; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by a Joint Venture Agreement between the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and the University of Maryland, College Park, and by a grant from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 12 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0123995 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0123995 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK6GR UT WOS:000356327000001 PM 26066334 ER PT J AU Dumitru, TA Ernst, WG Hourigan, JK McLaughlin, RJ AF Dumitru, Trevor A. Ernst, W. G. Hourigan, Jeremy K. McLaughlin, Robert J. TI Detrital zircon U-Pb reconnaissance of the Franciscan subduction complex in northwestern California SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Tyee; Great Valley; Challis; Idaho batholith; zircon; subduction; Franciscan; Sierra Nevada ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FORE-ARC BASIN; CRETACEOUS LAYTONVILLE LIMESTONE; MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; CONVERGENT PLATE MARGINS; GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; NORTHERN COAST RANGES; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION AB In northwestern California, the Franciscan subduction complex has been subdivided into seven major tectonostratigraphic units. We report U-Pb ages of approximate to 2400 detrital zircon grains from 26 sandstone samples from 5 of these units. Here, we tabulate each unit's interpreted predominant sediment source areas and depositional age range, ordered from the oldest to the youngest unit. (1) Yolla Bolly terrane: nearby Sierra Nevada batholith (SNB); ca. 118 to 98Ma. Rare fossils had indicated that this unit was mostly 151-137Ma, but it is mostly much younger. (2) Central Belt: SNB; ca. 103 to 53Ma (but poorly constrained), again mostly younger than previously thought. (3) Yager terrane: distant Idaho batholith (IB); ca. 52 to 50Ma. Much of the Yager's detritus was shed during major core complex extension and erosion in Idaho that started 53Ma. An Eocene Princeton River-Princeton submarine canyon system transported this detritus to the Great Valley forearc basin and thence to the Franciscan trench. (4) Coastal terrane: mostly IB, +/- SNB, +/- nearby Cascade arc, +/- Nevada Cenozoic ignimbrite belt; 52 to <32Ma. (5) King Range terrane: dominated by IB and SNB zircons; parts 16-14Ma based on microfossils. Overall, some Franciscan units are younger than previously thought, making them more compatible with models for the growth of subduction complexes by progressive accretion. From ca. 118 to 70Ma, Franciscan sediments were sourced mainly from the nearby Sierra Nevada region and were isolated from southwestern US and Mexican sources. From 53 to 49Ma, the Franciscan was sourced from both Idaho and the Sierra Nevada. By 37-32Ma, input from Idaho had ceased. The influx from Idaho probably reflects major tectonism in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, plus development of a through-going Princeton River to California, rather than radical changes in the subduction system at the Franciscan trench itself. C1 [Dumitru, Trevor A.; Ernst, W. G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hourigan, Jeremy K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [McLaughlin, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dumitru, TA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tdumitru@stanford.edu FU US National Science Foundation [EAR-0948676]; NSF [EAR-1032156] FX The US National Science Foundation provided partial support [grant number EAR-0948676] to Marty Grove. The Arizona LaserChron Center was supported by NSF [grant number EAR-1032156]. NR 180 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JUN 11 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5-8 SI SI BP 767 EP 800 DI 10.1080/00206814.2015.1008060 PG 34 WC Geology SC Geology GA CG7PW UT WOS:000353497400010 ER PT J AU Haxel, GB Jacobson, CE Wittke, JH AF Haxel, Gordon B. Jacobson, Carl E. Wittke, James H. TI Mantle peridotite in newly discovered far-inland subduction complex, southwest Arizona: initial report SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE orthopyroxene; dunite; serpentine; actinolite; harzburgite; low-angle subduction; serpentinization; peridotite; heazlewoodite; olivine orthopyroxenite; boron; olivine; California; Orocopia Schist; Arizona; serpentinite ID COAST-RANGE-OPHIOLITE; ALPINE-TYPE PERIDOTITE; NAVAJO VOLCANIC FIELD; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; COLORADO PLATEAU; OCEANIC-CRUST; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SUPRA-SUBDUCTION; FRANCISCAN SUBDUCTION; PODIFORM CHROMITITES AB The latest Cretaceous to early Palaeogene Orocopia Schist and related units are generally considered a low-angle subduction complex that underlies much of southern California and Arizona. A recently discovered exposure of Orocopia Schist at Cemetery Ridge west of Phoenix, Arizona, lies exceptionally far inland from the continental margin. Unexpectedly, this body of Orocopia Schist contains numerous blocks, as large as similar to 300 m, of variably serpentinized mantle peridotite. These are unique; elsewhere in the Orocopia and related schists, peridotite is rare and completely serpentinized. Peridotite and metaperidotite at Cemetery Ridge are of three principal types: (1) serpentinite and tremolite serpentinite, derived from dunite; (2) partially serpentinized harzburgite and olivine orthopyroxenite (collectively, harzburgite); and (3) granoblastic or schistose metasomatic rocks, derived from serpentinite, made largely of actinolite, calcic plagioclase, hercynite, and chlorite. In the serpentinite, paucity of relict olivine, relatively abundant magnetite (5%), and elevated Fe3+/Fe indicate advanced serpentinization. Harzburgite contains abundant orthopyroxene, only slightly serpentinized, and minor to moderate (1-15%) relict olivine. Mantle tectonite fabric is locally preserved. Several petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the peridotite at Cemetery Ridge are ambiguously similar to either abyssal or mantle-wedge (suprasubduction) peridotites and serpentinites. Least ambiguous are orthopyroxene compositions. Orthopyroxene is distinctively depleted in Al2O3, Cr2O3, and CaO, indicating mantle-wedge affinities. Initial interpretation of field and petrologic data suggests that the peridotite blocks in the Orocopia Schist subduction complex at Cemetery Ridge may be derived from the leading corner or edge of a mantle wedge, presumably in (pre-San Andreas fault) southwest California. However, derivation from a subducting plate is not precluded. C1 [Haxel, Gordon B.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Jacobson, Carl E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Wittke, James H.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Haxel, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gbhcjh@gmail.com FU USGS Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics (GMEG) Science Center; USGS Bradley Scholar Program; Iowa State University; Northern Arizona University; National Science Foundation [EAR-1347954] FX USGS Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics (GMEG) Science Center; USGS Bradley Scholar Program; Iowa State University; Northern Arizona University; National Science Foundation Grant [EAR-1347954]. NR 122 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JUN 11 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5-8 SI SI BP 871 EP 892 DI 10.1080/00206814.2014.928916 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA CG7PW UT WOS:000353497400015 ER PT J AU Shermeyer, J Haack, B AF Shermeyer, Jacob Haack, Barry TI Remote sensing change detection methods to track deforestation and growth in threatened rainforests in Madre de Dios, Peru SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; forest change detection; deforestation; land-use change; Peru; k-NN classification ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; NEAREST NEIGHBORS TECHNIQUE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODERATE RESOLUTION; LANDSAT IMAGERY; CENTRAL-AFRICA; MODIS DATA; COVER AB Two forestry-change detection methods are described, compared, and contrasted for estimating deforestation and growth in threatened forests in southern Peru from 2000 to 2010. The methods used in this study rely on freely available data, including atmospherically corrected Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation continuous fields (VCF). The two methods include a conventional supervised signature extraction method and a unique self-calibrating method called MODIS VCF guided forest/ nonforest (FNF) masking. The process chain for each of these methods includes a threshold classification of MODIS VCF, training data or signature extraction, signature evaluation, k-nearest neighbor classification, analyst-guided reclassification, and postclassification image differencing to generate forest change maps. Comparisons of all methods were based on an accuracy assessment using 500 validation pixels. Results of this accuracy assessment indicate that FNF masking had a 5% higher overall accuracy and was superior to conventional supervised classification when estimating forest change. Both methods succeeded in classifying persistently forested and nonforested areas, and both had limitations when classifying forest change. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Shermeyer, Jacob] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Haack, Barry] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shermeyer, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 521, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM jshermeyer@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUN 10 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096040 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096040 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM9BC UT WOS:000357999200001 ER PT J AU Planer-Friedrich, B Hartig, C Lohmayer, R Suess, E McCann, SH Oremland, R AF Planer-Friedrich, B. Haertig, C. Lohmayer, R. Suess, E. McCann, S. H. Oremland, R. TI Anaerobic Chemolithotrophic Growth of the Haloalkaliphilic Bacterium Strain MLMS-1 by Disproportionation of Monothioarsenate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONO LAKE WATER; SULFIDIC WATERS; ARSENIC SPECIATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; INORGANIC POLYSULFIDES; DISSIMILATORY ARSENATE; SULFATE REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; CALIFORNIA AB A novel chemolithotrophic metabolism based on a mixed arsenic-sulfur species has been discovered for the anaerobic deltaproteobacterium, strain MLMS-1, a haloalkaliphile isolated from Mono Lake, California, U.S. Strain MLMS-1 is the first reported obligate arsenate-respiring chemoautotroph which grows by coupling arsenate reduction to arsenite with the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate. In that pathway the formation of a mixed arsenicsulfur species was reported. That species was assumed to be monothioarsenite ([(H2AsS)-S-III-O-II(2)](-)), formed as an intermediate by abiotic reaction of arsenite with sulfide. We now report that this species is monothioarsenate ([(HAsS)-S-V-O-II(3)](2-)) as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Monothioarsenate forms by abiotic reaction of arsenite with zerovalent sulfur. Monothioarsenate is kinetically stable under a wide range of pH and redox conditions. However, it was metabolized rapidly by strain MLMS-1 when incubated with arsenate. Incubations using monothioarsenate confirmed that strain MLMS-1 was able to grow (mu = 0.017 h(-1)) on this substrate via a disproportionation reaction by oxidizing the thio-group-sulfur (S-II) to zerovalent sulfur or sulfate while concurrently reducing the central arsenic atom (As-V) to arsenite. Monothioarsenate disproportionation could be widespread in nature beyond the already studied arsenic and sulfide rich hot springs and soda lakes where it was discovered. C1 [Planer-Friedrich, B.; Haertig, C.; Lohmayer, R.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Res BayCEER, Dept Environm Geochem, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. [Suess, E.] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Suess, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol EAWAG, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [McCann, S. H.; Oremland, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Planer-Friedrich, B (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Res BayCEER, Dept Environm Geochem, Univ Str 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. EM b.planer-friedrich@uni-bayreuth.de RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Planer-Friedrich, Britta/J-1548-2012 OI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/0000-0002-0656-4283 FU German Research Foundation [PL 302/3-1] FX We acknowledge generous funding by the German Research Foundation within the Emmy Noether program to Britta Planer-Friedrich (Grant No. PL 302/3-1). We thank Carolin Kerl, Linda Schneider, Sinikka Hinrichsen, Frank Thomas, Stefan Will, Harold Drake, Steffen Kolb, and Marcus Horn for help with experiments, standard synthesis, sample analysis and/or brainstorming. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 2 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 11 BP 6554 EP 6563 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b01165 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ8UN UT WOS:000355779100026 PM 25941832 ER PT J AU Tian, HY Zhou, S Dong, L Van Boeckel, TP Cui, YJ Newman, SH Takekawa, JY Prosser, DJ Xiao, XM Wu, YR Cazelles, B Huang, SQ Yang, RF Grenfell, BT Xu, B AF Tian, Huaiyu Zhou, Sen Dong, Lu Van Boeckel, Thomas P. Cui, Yujun Newman, Scott H. Takekawa, John Y. Prosser, Diann J. Xiao, Xiangming Wu, Yarong Cazelles, Bernard Huang, Shanqian Yang, Ruifu Grenfell, Bryan T. Xu, Bing TI Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia (vol 112, pg 172, 2014) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Tian, Huaiyu; Huang, Shanqian; Xu, Bing] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Sen; Xu, Bing] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Sen; Xu, Bing] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Dong, Lu] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Biodivers & Ecol Engn, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Grenfell, Bryan T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cui, Yujun; Wu, Yarong; Yang, Ruifu] Beijing Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, State Key Lab Pathogen & Biosecur, Beijing 100071, Peoples R China. [Newman, Scott H.] ECTAD, Food & Agr Org United Nations, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Cazelles, Bernard] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecol & Evolut, UMR 7625, F-75230 Paris 05, France. [Cazelles, Bernard] Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris 05, France. [Cazelles, Bernard] Inst Rech Dev, Unite Modelisat Math & Informat Syst Complexes, Unite Mixte Int 209, F-93142 Bondy, France. [Cazelles, Bernard] Univ Paris 06, F-93142 Bondy, France. [Grenfell, Bryan T.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Xu, Bing] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Tian, HY (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RI Cazelles, Bernard/B-1572-2013; Tian, Huaiyu/G-1934-2016 OI Cazelles, Bernard/0000-0002-7972-361X; FU NICHD NIH HHS [P2C HD047879] NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 2 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 22 BP E2980 EP E2980 DI 10.1073/pnas.1505041112 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ9OO UT WOS:000355832200022 PM 25964339 ER PT J AU Matchett, JR Stark, PB Ostoja, SM Knapp, RA McKenny, HC Brooks, ML Langford, WT Joppa, LN Berlow, EL AF Matchett, J. R. Stark, Philip B. Ostoja, Steven M. Knapp, Roland A. McKenny, Heather C. Brooks, Matthew L. Langford, William T. Joppa, Lucas N. Berlow, Eric L. TI Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; NONNATIVE FISH; SIERRA-NEVADA; BUFO-CANORUS; CALIFORNIA; USA; CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION; INTRODUCTIONS; REMOVAL AB Statistical models often use observational data to predict phenomena; however, interpreting model terms to understand their influence can be problematic. This issue poses a challenge in species conservation where setting priorities requires estimating influences of potential stressors using observational data. We present a novel approach for inferring influence of a rare stressor on a rare species by blending predictive models with nonparametric permutation tests. We illustrate the approach with two case studies involving rare amphibians in Yosemite National Park, USA. The endangered frog, Rana sierrae, is known to be negatively impacted by non-native fish, while the threatened toad, Anaxyrus canorus, is potentially affected by packstock. Both stressors and amphibians are rare, occurring in similar to 10% of potential habitat patches. We first predict amphibian occupancy with a statistical model that includes all predictors but the stressor to stratify potential habitat by predicted suitability. A stratified permutation test then evaluates the association between stressor and amphibian, all else equal. Our approach confirms the known negative relationship between fish and R. sierrae, but finds no evidence of a negative relationship between current packstock use and A. canorus breeding. Our statistical approach has potential broad application for deriving understanding (not just prediction) from observational data. C1 [Matchett, J. R.; Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Natl Forest, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [Knapp, Roland A.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. [McKenny, Heather C.] Natl Pk Serv, Kantishna, AK 99755 USA. [Langford, William T.] RMIT Univ, Sch Math & Geospatial Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Joppa, Lucas N.] Microsoft Res, Sci Computat Lab, Cambridge CB1 2FB, England. [Berlow, Eric L.] Vibrant Data Inc, San Francisco, CA 94108 USA. RP Berlow, EL (reprint author), Vibrant Data Inc, 943 Clay St, San Francisco, CA 94108 USA. EM eric@mappr.io OI Stark, Philip/0000-0002-3771-9604 FU US Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program; Yosemite Conservancy; National Park Service; Process Minerals International FX We thank dozens of field assistants for their invaluable help with amphibian surveys for both R. sierrae and A. canorus. Mark Fincher, Liz Ballenger, Dan Abbe, and Travis Espinosa of YNP assisted with packstock data compilation and interpretation. The UC Merced Sierra Nevada Research Institute, the USGS Yosemite Field Station, the Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Lab, the Swall Institute, Vibrant Data Labs, and Yosemite National Park all provided logistical support. Data compilation and analysis were supported by the US Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program. This project was also supported with funds from the Yosemite Conservancy and the National Park Service. W.T.L. is supported by a grant from Process Minerals International through Condition 13 of Australian EPBC Act approval 2010/5759. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 2 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 10702 DI 10.1038/srep10702 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ6OC UT WOS:000355612200001 PM 26031755 ER PT J AU Whitney, JW Glancy, PA Buckingham, SE Ehrenberg, AC AF Whitney, John W. Glancy, Patrick A. Buckingham, Susan E. Ehrenberg, Arthur C. TI Effects of rapid urbanization on streamflow, erosion, and sedimentation in a desert stream in the American Southwest SO ANTHROPOCENE LA English DT Article DE Urbanization; Wastewater; Wetlands; Floods; Erosion; Delta ID LAS-VEGAS WASH; NEVADA; URBAN; MANAGEMENT; CHANNELS; DYNAMICS AB Rapid urbanization has resulted in a series of sequential effects on a desert stream in the American Southwest. Lower Las Vegas Wash was a dry wash characterized by infrequent flood deposition when Las Vegas, Nevada was established in 1905. Wastewater effluent was discharged into the wash in low volumes for over 3 decades. Wastewater volumes increased commensurably with accelerated population growth during the late 20th century and created a sequence of feedback effects on the floodplain. Initially slow saturation of the valley fill created a desert oasis of dense floodplain vegetation and wetlands. Annual streamflow began in 1958 and erosion began a decade later with shallow incision in discontinuous channel segments. Increasing baseflow gradually enlarged channels; headcutting was active during the 1970s to 1984. The incised channels concentrated storm runoff, which accelerated local channel erosion, and in 1984 the headcuts were integrated during a series of monsoon floods. Wetlands were drained and most floodplain vegetation destroyed. Channel erosion continued unabated until engineering interventions began in the 21st century. No natural channel recovery occurred after initial urbanization effects because streamflow never stabilized in the late 20th century. A 6.6 M m(3) sediment slug, eroded from the wash in similar to 25 years, was deposited in Las Vegas Bay in Lake Mead. Falling reservoir levels during the 21st century are responsible for sediment redistribution and infilling of the bay. Close monitoring of impacts is recommended when urban wastewater and storm runoff are discharged on a desert wash. Channel interventions, when necessary, are advised in order to prevent costly engineering schemes of channel stabilization, flood control, and floodplain restoration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whitney, John W.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Glancy, Patrick A.] US Geol Survey, 2730 Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Buckingham, Susan E.] 2740 South Kearny St, Denver, CO 80222 USA. [Ehrenberg, Arthur C.] 1620 Plata Pico Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89128 USA. RP Whitney, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jwhitney@usgs.gov; Susan.Buckingham@colorado.edu; art.ehrenberg@gmail.com NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-3054 J9 ANTHROPOCENE JI Anthropocene PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.ancene.2015.09.002 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DU0OC UT WOS:000381903400003 ER PT J AU Morneau, F Tremblay, JA Todd, C Chubbs, TE Maisonneuve, C Lemaitre, J Katzner, T AF Morneau, Francois Tremblay, Junior A. Todd, Charles Chubbs, Tony E. Maisonneuve, Charles Lemaitre, Jerome Katzner, Todd TI Known Breeding Distribution and Abundance of Golden Eagles in Eastern North America SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; QUEBEC AB Aquila chrysaetos (Golden Eagle) breeds in both eastern and western North America. However, the former population has received much less attention than the latter. The purpose of this paper is to document the known distribution and abundance of eastern Golden Eagles within their breeding range and to identify gaps in knowledge for future studies. Eastern Golden Eagles breed in Labrador, Quebec, and Ontario, Canada. The species has been extirpated as a breeder from the eastern US. In 2013, 187 Golden Eagle territorial pairs were documented in eastern Canada. Most territorial pairs occur in Quebec (65.8%) and Labrador (26.7%). However, probably less than 16% of the total area of these regions has been surveyed. Based on the number of pairs observed and the proportion of area surveyed, we estimate that the total number of territorial pairs of eastern Golden Eagles to be similar to 1236. The large area of unsurveyed landscapes and the corresponding lack of precision of the estimate highlight an important next step for future research. C1 [Morneau, Francois] 63 Champagne St, Quebec City, PQ J3N 1C2, Canada. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Environm Canada, 801-1550 Estimauville Ave, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. [Todd, Charles] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, 650 State St, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Chubbs, Tony E.] Dept Natl Def, 5 Wing Goose Bay,Box 7002, Happy Valley Goose Bay, NF, Canada. [Maisonneuve, Charles] Minist Forets, Faune & Parcs 92,2e Rue Ouest,Bur 207, Quebec City, PQ G5L 8B3, Canada. [Lemaitre, Jerome] Minist Forets, Faune & Parcs 880,Chemin St Foy,2e Etage, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. [Katzner, Todd] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Morneau, F (reprint author), 63 Champagne St, Quebec City, PQ J3N 1C2, Canada. EM morneau_francois@videotron.ca OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU MFFP; Institute for Environmental Monitoring and Research; Hydro-Quebec; PA SWG [T-12, T47-R-1]; US DoE [DE-EE0003538] FX We are deeply grateful to several environmental consultants, as well as the MFFP that conducted species-specific surveys in Quebec. We thank the Regroupement QuebecOiseaux, Environment Canada's Canadian Wildlife Service, and Bird Studies Canada for supplying data from the Quebec Breeding Bird Atlas. We also thank the thousands of participants who helped gather these data. Thanks to the official sponsors of the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas (Bird Studies Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Federation of Ontario Naturalists, Ontario Field Ornithologists, and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources) for supplying Atlas data, and to the thousands of volunteer participants who gathered data for the project. Walter Spofford (deceased, 1995), Ralph Palmer (deceased, 2003), and Ron Joseph shared unpublished accounts of Golden Eagle nests in Maine and elsewhere in the northeastern US. Special thanks to N. d'Astous, P. Beaupre, S. Brodeur, S. Cote, S. Denault, L. Fradette, P. Fradette, J. Hebert, P. May, J.-F. Poulin, and J. Rioux for their great support and expertise. We thank Don Sutherland for his comments on the Ontario section. Financial and logistical support for this work came from the MFFP, the Institute for Environmental Monitoring and Research, Hydro-Quebec, and PA SWG grants T-12 and T47-R-1, US DoE grant DE-EE0003538. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1656/045.022.0201 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PI UT WOS:000370898300001 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP George, SD Keller, WT AF Baldigo, Barry P. George, Scott D. Keller, Walter T. TI Fish Assemblages in the Upper Esopus Creek, NY: Current Status, Variability, and Controlling Factors SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER-QUALITY; BROOK TROUT; COHO SALMON; BROWN TROUT; TURBIDITY; DIVERSITY; GROWTH AB The Upper Esopus Creek receives water diversions from a neighboring basin through the Shandaken Tunnel (the portal) from the Schoharie Reservoir. Although the portal is closed during floods, mean flows and turbidity of portal waters are generally greater than in Esopus Creek above their confluence. These conditions could potentially affect local fish assemblages, yet such effects have not been assessed in this highly regulated stream. We studied water quality, hydrology, temperature, and fish assemblages at 18 sites in the Upper Esopus Creek during 2009-2011 to characterize the effects of the portal input on resident-fish assemblages and to document the status of the fishery resource. In general, fish-community richness increased by 2-3 species at mainstem sites near the portal, and median density and biomass of fish communities at sites downstream of the portal were significantly lower than they were at sites upstream of the portal. Median densities of Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) and all trout species were significantly lower than at mainstem sites downstream from the portal-25.1 fish/0.1 ha and 148.9 fish/0.1 ha, respectively-than at mainstem sites upstream from the portal-68.8 fish/0.1 ha and 357.7 fish/0.1 ha, respectively-yet median biomass for Brown Trout and all trout did not differ between sites from both reaches. The median density of young-of-year Brown Trout at downstream sites (9.3 fish/0.1 ha) was significantly lower than at upstream sites (33.9 fish/0.1 ha). Waters from the portal appeared to adversely affect the density and biomass of young-of-year Brown Trout, but lower temperatures and increased flows also improved habitat quality for mature trout at downstream sites during summer. These findings, and those from companion studies, indicate that moderately turbid waters from the portal had few if any adverse impacts on trout populations and overall fish communities in the Upper Esopus Creek during this study. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; George, Scott D.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Keller, Walter T.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 65561 State High Way 10, Stamford, NY 12167 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov FU NYSDEC; Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County; USGS FX The authors extend appreciation to David Munsey and Martyn Smith of the USGS; Danyelle Davis and Mark Vian of the NYCDEP; Karen Stainbrook of the NYSDEC; and Alissa Freligh, Justin Zimmerman, Luis Rodriguez, Kevin Hackett, Sam Hawspurg, Jesse McCarthy, Katherine Keegan-Twombly, Bobby Watzka, Bradley Mclean, James Werner, Evan Leahy, and Brandon Annabel of Ulster County Community College for technical and field support. This research was funded by the NYSDEC, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County, and the USGS. Anonymous reviewers made numerous helpful suggestions during manuscript review. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 BP 345 EP 371 DI 10.1656/045.022.0209 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PI UT WOS:000370898300009 ER PT J AU Crimmins, SM Edwards, JW Campbell, TA Ford, WM Keyser, PD Miller, BF Miller, KV AF Crimmins, Shawn M. Edwards, John W. Campbell, Tyler A. Ford, W. Mark Keyser, Patrick D. Miller, Brad F. Miller, Karl V. TI Responses of Female White-tailed Deer Home-Ranges to Increased Resource Availability SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FOREST REGENERATION AREAS; POPULATION-DENSITY; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; WEST-VIRGINIA; REDUCTION; MOVEMENTS; SIZE AB Management strategies designed to reduce the negative impacts of overabundant Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) populations on forest regeneration may be influenced by changes in both population density and timber harvest. However, there is conflicting evidence as to how such changes in per capita resource availability influence home-range patterns. We compared home-range patterns of 33 female White-tailed Deer from a low-density population at a site with abundant browse to patterns of a sample of >100 females prior to a 75% reduction in population density and a doubling in timber harvest area. Home-range and core-area sizes were approximately 3 times larger than were found prior to population decline and timber harvest increase, consistent with predictions related to intraspecific competition. We also observed greater site fidelity than previously exhibited, although this may be an artifact of increased home-range sizes. Our results support previous research suggesting that White-tailed Deer home-range size is inversely related to population density and is driven, in part, by intraspecific competition for resources. Relationships among population density, resource availability, and home-range patterns among female White-tailed Deer appear to be complex and context specific. C1 [Crimmins, Shawn M.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] East Wildlife Fdn, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Miller, Brad F.] Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Bristol, TN 37849 USA. [Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Crimmins, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM scrimmins@wisc.edu FU MeadWestvaco Corporation; Penn-Virginia Resources; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; Division of Forestry and Natural Resources at West Virginia University FX Funding and support for this project was provided by the MeadWestvaco Corporation, Penn-Virginia Resources, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and the Division of Forestry and Natural Resources at West Virginia University. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1656/045.022.0215 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PI UT WOS:000370898300012 ER PT J AU Diggins, CA Jachowski, DS Martin, J Ford, WM AF Diggins, Corinne A. Jachowski, David S. Martin, Jay Ford, W. Mark TI Incidental captures of Eastern Spotted Skunk in a High-elevation Red Spruce forest in Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPILOGALE-PUTORIUS; NEOTOMA-MAGISTER; ARKANSAS AB Spilogale putorius (Eastern Spotted Skunk) is considered rare in the southern Appalachian Mountains and throughout much of its range. We report incidental captures of 6 Eastern Spotted Skunks in a high-elevation Picea rubens (Red Spruce) forest in southwestern Virginia during late February and March 2014. At 1520 m, these observations are the highest-elevation records for Eastern Spotted Skunk in the Appalachian Mountains. They are also the first known records of this species using Red Spruce forests in the southern Appalachians. C1 [Diggins, Corinne A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jachowski, David S.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Martin, Jay] US Forest Serv, George Washington Jefferson Natl Forest, Marion, VA 24354 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Diggins, CA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cordie1@vt.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 BP N6 EP N10 DI 10.1656/045.022.0211 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8PI UT WOS:000370898300016 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. TI Are Wintering Areas Shifting North? Learning from Lesser Snow Geese Banded in Southwest Louisiana SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CHEN-CAERULESCENS; MIGRATION; TEMPERATURE; BUDGETS; FLYWAY; FAMILY; TIME AB Several avian species have shifted their wintering or staging areas north in response to advancing onset of spring. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) the latitudinal distribution of recoveries changed for Chen caerulescens caerulescens (Lesser Snow Goose; hereafter Snow Goose) banded in southwest Louisiana, and (2) annual proportions of recoveries within Louisiana relative to other locations in the midcontinent flyways were related to local weather or Snow Goose population estimates for southwest Louisiana. We collated and analyzed population indices from the annual midwinter waterfowl survey for the period 2002-2013 with band recovery and local weather data. Latitudes of recovery shifted north during the period, and the increases were independent of season (fall, midwinter, and late winter/spring migration). Annual proportions of recoveries within Louisiana (all from southwest Louisiana), were lower during wet winters when the largest numbers of Snow Geese were counted in southwest Louisiana. We concluded that Snow Geese banded in our study area have shifted their wintering range northwards. Furthermore, the probability of recovery in Louisiana was somewhat dependent on Snow Goose numbers present, apparently because hunters shoot proportionally fewer banded birds during years with more Snow Geese, which in turn were related to high amounts of precipitation in the area. C1 [Jonsson, Jon Einar] Univ Iceland, Res Ctr Snaefellsnes, Hafnargata 3, Stykkisholmur, Iceland. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Res Ctr Snaefellsnes, Hafnargata 3, Stykkisholmur, Iceland. EM joneinar@hi.is NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 2 BP 293 EP 307 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF1MX UT WOS:000371105000008 ER PT J AU McEachern, MA Adams, AAY Klug, PE Fitzgerald, LA Reed, RN AF McEachern, Michelle A. Adams, Amy A. Yackel Klug, Page E. Fitzgerald, Lee A. Reed, Robert N. TI Brumation of Introduced Black and White Tegus, Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae), in Southern Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC FOREST; LIZARD; ARGENTINA; SAURIA; ISLAND; BRAZIL AB An established population of Tupinambis merianae (Black and White Tegu) in southeastern Florida threatens the Everglades ecosystem. Understanding the behavioral ecology of Black and White Tegus could aid in management and control plans. Black and White Tegus are seasonally active and brumate during the winter in their native range, but brumation behavior is largely unstudied in either the native or the invasive range. We describe the first observations of Black and White Tegu brumation in southeastern Florida after monitoring 5 free-ranging, adult male Black and White Tegus through an inactive season using radiotelemetry and automated cameras. Duration of brumation averaged 137 days, beginning in September and ending by February. One of the 5 Black and White Tegus emerged to bask regularly during brumation, which to our knowledge represents the first documented instance of a free-ranging Black and White Tegu basking during brumation. These preliminary findings provide a basis for future research of brumation behavior. C1 [McEachern, Michelle A.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel; Klug, Page E.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fitzgerald, Lee A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McEachern, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mmceachern@usgs.gov OI Klug, Page/0000-0002-0836-3901 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX Research and collecting permits were issued by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the South Florida Water Management District, and research methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. Funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science and Invasive Species programs of the US Geological Survey. We thank E. Metzger III, J. Duquesnel, R. Rozar, S. Goetz, L. Bonewell, and R. Irwin for assistance with project planning, logistics, fieldwork, and/or data management. We thank Erin Muths and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 2 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF1MX UT WOS:000371105000010 ER PT J AU Collins, DP Conway, WC Mason, CD Gunnels, JW AF Collins, Daniel P. Conway, Warren C. Mason, Corey D. Gunnels, Jeffrey W. TI AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION IN MOIST-SOIL MANAGED WETLANDS ON RICHLAND CREEK WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA, EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PLAYA WETLANDS; NORTHERN PINTAILS; NICHE DYNAMICS; WATERFOWL; RESPONSES; MARSH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; WINTER; SHOREBIRDS AB Aquatic invertebrates have significant value to wetland-dependent species as well as to wetlands themselves. They process organic matter through producer and detritus food webs, modify wetland habitats, and provide a food resource to wetland-dependent species such as waterfowl and shorebirds. Timely flooding and drawdown of water within moist-soil managed wetlands will increase invertebrate diversity and abundance, allowing wetland managers to maximize the production of such areas. We examined how flood timing and duration influenced aquatic invertebrate density, diversity, richness, and production within four moist-soil managed wetlands on Richland Creek Wildlife Management Area, east-central Texas from January 2004 through December 2006. A total of 12,089 aquatic invertebrates from 41 aquatic invertebrate families were collected. Overall, diversity indices were 0.76 (Simpson's Index) and 2.47 (Shannon-Wiener Index). Most common aquatic invertebrates were Crustacea (n = 3,568) and Ephemeroptera (n = 2,080). Differences in aquatic invertebrate density and biomass varied depending on the presence of water over time. Invertebrate community diversity and production peaked early but experienced a nearly sixfold decline over 3 y due to atypical and prolonged inundation regimes in these managed wetlands. Proper inundation duration and timing regimes are key to maintaining invertebrate community diversity and production in moist-soil managed wetlands. C1 [Collins, Daniel P.; Conway, Warren C.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Mason, Corey D.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Gunnels, Jeffrey W.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Middle Trinity River Ecosyst Project, Tennessee Colony, TX USA. RP Collins, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bird Off Reg 2, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM dan_collins@fws.gov FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Statewide Grant [T-8-1]; Rumsey Research and Development Fund; Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture (McIntire-Stennis) at Stephen F. Austin State University FX Financial and logistical support for this research was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Statewide Grant T-8-1 and federal reimbursement of Texas' costs to implement the Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program. The Rumsey Research and Development Fund and the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture (McIntire-Stennis) at Stephen F. Austin State University provided other financial and logistical support. We thank E. Woolverton, E. Bowman, G. Rhodes, K. Kraai, M. Symmank, J. Varnell, C. Green, S. Tyler, A. Mangiameli, H. Skidmore, R. Skidmore, R. Henderson, and C. Davis for field and logistical support. We appreciate comments by C. Comer, B. Oswald, D. Scognamillo, G. Esslinger, D. Krueper, B. Howe, F. Govedich, and three anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of this manuscript and S. Camarillo for abstract translation. This is manuscript T-9-1256 of the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN-SEP PY 2015 VL 60 IS 2-3 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1894/FRG-03.1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NR UT WOS:000370893300017 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI Variability and trends in global drought SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; WARMING HOLE; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS AB Monthly precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the CRUTS3.1 data set are used to compute monthly P minus PET (PMPE) for the land areas of the globe. The percent of the global land area with annual sums of PMPE less than zero are used as an index of global drought (% drought) for 1901 through 2009. Results indicate that for the past century % drought has not changed, even though global PET and temperature (T) have increased. Although annual global PET and T have increased, annual global P also has increased and has mitigated the effects of increased PET on % drought. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 Earth Space Sci JI Earth Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 6 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1002/2015EA000100 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE6NH UT WOS:000370750100002 ER PT J AU East, AE Clift, PD Carter, A Alizai, A VanLaningham, S AF East, Amy E. Clift, Peter D. Carter, Andrew Alizai, Anwar VanLaningham, Sam TI FLUVIAL-EOLIAN INTERACTIONS IN SEDIMENT ROUTING AND SEDIMENTARY SIGNAL BUFFERING: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE INDUS BASIN AND THAR DESERT SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; U-PB ZIRCON; RIVER SYSTEM; DRYLAND ENVIRONMENTS; CATCHMENT RESPONSE; WESTERN HIMALAYA; HOLOCENE; INDIA; MONSOON; CYCLES AB Sediment production and its subsequent preservation in the marine stratigraphic record offshore of large rivers are linked by complex sediment-transfer systems. To interpret the stratigraphic record it is critical to understand how environmental signals transfer from sedimentary source regions to depositional sinks, and in particular to understand the role of buffering in obscuring climatic or tectonic signals. In dryland regions, signal buffering can include sediment cycling through linked fluvial and eolian systems. We investigate sediment-routing connectivity between the Indus River and the Thar Desert, where fluvial and eolian systems exchanged sediment over large spatial scales (hundreds of kilometers). Summer monsoon winds recycle sediment from the lower Indus River and delta northeastward, i.e., downwind and upstream, into the desert. Far-field eolian recycling of Indus sediment is important enough to control sediment provenance at the downwind end of the desert substantially, although the proportion of Indus sediment of various ages varies regionally within the desert; dune sands in the northwestern Thar Desert resemble the late Holocene-Recent Indus delta, requiring short transport and reworking times. On smaller spatial scales (1-10 m) along fluvial channels in the northern Thar Desert, there is also stratigraphic evidence of fluvial and eolian sediment reworking from local rivers. In terms of sediment volume, we estimate that the Thar Desert could be a more substantial sedimentary store than all other known buffer regions in the Indus basin combined. Thus, since the mid-Holocene, when the desert expanded as the summer monsoon rainfall decreased, fluvial-eolian recycling has been an important but little recognized process buffering sediment flux to the ocean. Similar fluvial-eolian connectivity likely also affects sediment routing and signal transfer in other dryland regions globally. C1 [East, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Clift, Peter D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Carter, Andrew] Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Alizai, Anwar] Geol Survey Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan. [VanLaningham, Sam] Oregon State Univ, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP East, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM aeast@usgs.gov RI Carter, Andrew/C-1371-2008 OI Carter, Andrew/0000-0002-0090-5868 FU Charles T. McCord chair fund at LSU FX PDC thanks the Charles T. McCord chair fund at LSU for assistance in undertaking this work. The authors thank L. Giosan for valuable discussions. J.K. Tripathi kindly provided quantitative Nd isotope data that were not explicitly presented by Tripathi et al. (2004). E. Hajek, R. Wasson, and J. Warrick provided insightful and constructive review comments that improved the manuscript. We thank J. Gillies, J. MacEachern, and J. B. Southard for their editorial work. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 85 IS 6 BP 715 EP 728 DI 10.2110/jsr.2015.42 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA DA7ZJ UT WOS:000368023800004 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Huge, DH Rezek, TC Slone, DH Morris, JA AF Schofield, Pamela J. Huge, Dane H. Rezek, Troy C. Slone, Daniel H. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Survival and growth of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish at low salinities SO Aquatic Invasions LA English DT Article DE growth; Pterois volitans/miles; salinity tolerance; survival ID PTEROIS-VOLITANS; SEA; OSMOREGULATION; MANGROVE; FLOUNDER; LARVAE; MILES AB Invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish [Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. miles (Bennett, 1828)] are now established throughout the Western North Atlantic. Several studies have documented negative effects of lionfish on marine fauna including significant changes to reef fish community composition. Established populations of lionfish have been documented in several estuaries, and there is concern that the species may invade other low-salinity environments where they could potentially affect native fauna. To gain a better understanding of their low-salinity tolerance, we exposed lionfish to four salinities [5, 10, 20 and 34 (control)]. No lionfish mortality was observed at salinities of 34, 20 or 10, but all fish died at salinity = 5 within 12 days. Lionfish survived for at least a month at a salinity of 10 and an average of about a week at 5. Fish started the experiment at an average mass of 127.9 g, which increased at a rate of 0.55 g per day while they were alive, regardless of salinity treatment. Our research indicated lionfish can survive salinities down to 5 for short periods and thus may penetrate and persist in a variety of estuarine habitats. Further study is needed on effects of salinity levels on early life stages (eggs, larvae). C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.; Huge, Dane H.; Slone, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Huge, Dane H.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rezek, Troy C.; Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM lionfish@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 FU US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program, Southeast Ecological Science Center; Southeastern Region; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX Support for this study was provided by the US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program, Southeast Ecological Science Center and the Southeastern Region. Support was also provided through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We thank the staff at the NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, North Carolina for laboratory support in performing the salinity tolerance experiments. This research was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit USGS/SESC 2011-07 (2013 extension). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 31 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.3391/ai.2015.10.3.08 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV5XP UT WOS:000364345100008 ER PT J AU Dolby, GA Bennett, SEK Lira-Noriega, A Wilder, BT Munguia-Vega, A AF Dolby, Greek A. Bennett, Scott E. K. Lira-Noriega, Andres Wilder, Benjamin T. Munguia-Vega, Adrian TI Assessing the Geological and Climatic Forcing of Biodiversity and Evolution Surrounding the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; AMERICA PLATE MOTION; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SONORAN DESERT; NORTH-AMERICA; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CRYPTIC VICARIANCE C1 [Dolby, Greek A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bennett, Scott E. K.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Lira-Noriega, Andres] Inst Ecol AC, Catedras CONACyT, Red Estudios Mol Avanzados, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. [Wilder, Benjamin T.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dolby, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Dolby, Greer/0000-0002-5923-0690 NR 201 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 0894-8410 J9 J SOUTHWEST JI J. Southwest PD SUM-FAL PY 2015 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 391 EP 455 PG 65 WC History SC History GA CV0BT UT WOS:000363912600008 ER PT J AU Wan, YG Shen, ZK Wang, M Zeng, YH Huang, JC Li, X Cui, HW Gao, XW AF Wan, Yongge Shen, Zheng-kang Wang, Min Zeng, Yuehua Huang, Jichao Li, Xiang Cui, Huawei Gao, Xiwei TI Co-seismic fault geometry and slip distribution of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra-Andaman earthquake constrained by GPS, coral reef, and remote sensing data SO EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sumatra-Andaman earthquake; Fault geometry; Co-seismic slip distribution; Geodetic data ID STATIC OFFSETS; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE; FIELD; SIZE AB We analyze co-seismic displacement field of the 26 December 2004, giant Sumatra-Andaman earthquake derived from Global Position System observations, geological vertical measurement of coral head, and pivot line observed through remote sensing. Using the co-seismic displacement field and AK135 spherical layered Earth model, we invert co-seismic slip distribution along the seismic fault. We also search the best fault geometry model to fit the observed data. Assuming that the dip angle linearly increases in downward direction, the postfit residual variation of the inversed geometry model with dip angles linearly changing along fault strike are plotted. The geometry model with local minimum misfits is the one with dip angle linearly increasing along strike from 4.3 degrees in top southernmost patch to 4.5 degrees in top northernmost path and dip angle linearly increased. By using the fault shape and geodetic co-seismic data, we estimate the slip distribution on the curved fault. Our result shows that the earthquake ruptured similar to 200-km width down to a depth of about 60 km. 0.5-12.5 m of thrust slip is resolved with the largest slip centered around the central section of the rupture zone 7 degrees N-10 degrees N in latitude. The estimated seismic moment is 8.2 x 10(22) N m, which is larger than estimation from the centroid moment magnitude (4.0 x 10(22) N m), and smaller than estimation from normal-mode oscillation data modeling (1.0 x 10(23) N m). C1 [Wan, Yongge; Huang, Jichao; Li, Xiang; Cui, Huawei; Gao, Xiwei] Inst Disaster Prevent, Sanhe 065201, Hebei, Peoples R China. [Shen, Zheng-kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wang, Min] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wan, YG (reprint author), Inst Disaster Prevent, Sanhe 065201, Hebei, Peoples R China. EM Wanyg217217@vip.sina.com NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1674-4519 EI 1867-8777 J9 EARTHQ SCI JI Earthq. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s11589-015-0119-y PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU6WU UT WOS:000363676500003 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Tripp, D Lorenzsonn, F Falendysz, E Smith, S Williamson, J Abbott, R AF Rocke, Tonie E. Tripp, Dan Lorenzsonn, Faye Falendysz, Elizabeth Smith, Susan Williamson, Judy Abbott, Rachel TI Age at Vaccination May Influence Response to Sylvatic Plague Vaccine (SPV) in Gunnison's Prairie Dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Gunnison's prairie dogs; sylvatic plague; vaccine; Yersinia pestis; age at vaccination ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; CONSUMPTION; PROTECTION; BAITS; LUDOVICIANUS; DYNAMICS; COLORADO; ANTIGEN; MICE AB Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) have been considered at greater risk from Yersinia pestis (plague) infection in the montane portion of their range compared to populations at lower elevations, possibly due to factors related to flea transmission of the bacteria or greater host susceptibility. To test the latter hypothesis and determine whether vaccination against plague with an oral sylvatic plague vaccine (SPV) improved survival, we captured prairie dogs from a C. g. gunnisoni or "montane" population and a C. g. zuniensis or "prairie" population for vaccine efficacy and challenge studies. No differences (P = 0.63) were found in plague susceptibility in non-vaccinated animals between these two populations; however, vaccinates from the prairie population survived plague challenge at significantly higher rates (P < 0.01) than those from the montane population. Upon further analysis, we determined that response to immunization was most likely associated with differences in age, as the prairie group was much younger on average than the montane group. Vaccinates that were juveniles or young adults survived plague challenge at a much higher rate than adults (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), but no difference (P = 0.83) was detected in survival rates between control animals of different ages. These results suggest that host susceptibility is probably not related to the assumed greater risk from plague in the C. g. gunnisoni or "montane" populations of Gunnison's prairie dogs, and that SPV could be a useful plague management tool for this species, particularly if targeted at younger cohorts. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.; Lorenzsonn, Faye; Falendysz, Elizabeth; Smith, Susan; Williamson, Judy; Abbott, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Tripp, Dan] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Hlth Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Falendysz, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2895-8918; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU USGS FX The authors are grateful to U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases for Y. pestis strain C092 and BEI Resources for F1 antigen. J. Lambert-Newman provided animal care; R. Russell and K. Richgels provided statistical advice and editorial comments; S. Singleton, S. Streich, A. Tschirley, C. Kloster, and R. Wertsbaugh provided field assistance. The study was supported by funding from the USGS. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD JUN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10393-014-1002-3 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS0JZ UT WOS:000361746600011 PM 25589000 ER PT J AU Lamont, MM Putman, NF Fujisaki, I Hart, K AF Lamont, Margaret M. Putman, Nathan F. Fujisaki, Ikuko Hart, Kristen TI SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS OF DIFFERENT LIFE-STAGES OF THE LOGGERHEAD TURTLE (CARETTA CARETTA) FROM A DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; dispersal; Loop Current; marine vertebrate; ocean circulation model; sea turtle ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; HATCHLING SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE-TRACKING; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MARINE TURTLES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; CIRCULATION MODEL; STOCK STRUCTURE; HABITAT SHIFTS AB Many marine species have complex life histories that involve disparate developmental, foraging and reproductive habitats and a holistic assessment of the spatial requirements for different life stages is a challenge that greatly complicates their management. Here, we combined data from oceanographic modeling, nesting surveys, and satellite tracking to examine the spatial requirements of different life stages of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our findings indicate that after emerging from nesting beaches in Alabama and Northwest Florida, hatchlings disperse widely and the proportion of turtles following a given route varies substantially through time, with the majority (mean of 74.4%) projected to leave the Gulf of Mexico. Adult females use neritic habitat throughout the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico both during the inter-nesting phase and as post-nesting foraging areas. Movements and habitat use of juveniles and adult males represent a large gap in our knowledge, but given the hatchling dispersal predictions and tracks of post-nesting females it is likely that some Loggerhead Turtles remain in the Gulf of Mexico throughout their life. More than two-thirds of the Gulf provides potential habitat for at least one life-stage of Loggerhead Turtles. These results demonstrate the importance of the Gulf of Mexico to this Distinct Population Segment of Loggerhead Turtles. It also highlights the benefits of undertaking comprehensive studies of multiple life stages simultaneously: loss of individual habitats have the potential to affect several life stages thereby having long-term consequences to population recovery. C1 [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Lamont, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mlamont@usgs.gov FU Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base FX This work was funded in part by the Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base. The modeling work was performed while NFP held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. We thank Anne Meylan at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for access to nest abundance data and Bruce Higgins at the National Marine Fisheries Service-Galveston Laboratory for release locations for two juvenile Loggerhead Turtles in St. Joseph Bay. We thank the Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research for coordinating tagging information. We appreciate the assistance from Brail Stephens, Caitlin Hackett, Erin McMichael and Russell Scarpino with data collection. All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to the Institutional Animal Care Protocols USGS-SESC-IACUC 2011-05. All work was conducted under the State of Florida Marine Turtle Permit #094 and National Marine Fisheries Service Permits #10022 and #17183. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 26 EP 43 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ1QK UT WOS:000360373100002 ER PT J AU Leavitt, DJ Collins, J Crawford, C Crayonl, J Grant, TJ Heatwole, NB Hollenbeck, EV Ingraldi, MF Piest, L Ponce, K Powell, RJ Roach, A Rosenberg, AS Sirchia, FM Steward, DM Stewart, E Trouette, A Lovich, RE AF Leavitt, Daniel J. Collins, Jimmie Crawford, Cat Crayonl, Jack Grant, Tyler J. Heatwole, Nicholas B. Hollenbeck, Eric V. Ingraldi, Michael F. Piest, Linden Ponce, Kevin Powell, Robert J. Roach, Aimee Rosenberg, Abigail S. Sirchia, Felicia M. Steward, Daniel M. Stewart, Erica Trouette, Andrew Lovich, Robert E. TI MULTIYEAR MONITORING (2007-2013) OF FLAT-TAILED HORNED LIZARDS (PHRYNOSOMA MCALLII) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE candidate species; conservation; demographic and occupancy monitoring; endangered species; Phrynosomatidae ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES; DIVERSITY; DECLINE; MODEL AB Monitoring programs for species of conservation concern are notoriously flawed. Notably, many monitoring programs do not establish trigger points or a level of decline in population size that will result in management action. Here we report on the monitoring program for the Flat-tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) that has been established across its range throughout the United States by the Flat-tailed Horned Lizard Interagency Coordinating Committee (FTHL ICC). Importantly, we examine whether a trigger point of 30% decline was detected in these populations. Between 2007 and 2013, we detected 955 P. mcallii on 2,714 occupancy surveys and captured 715 individuals on 1,861 demographic surveys. Occupancy surveys have demonstrated that the species occurs throughout the management areas and occupancy estimates range from 0.25-0.89. Demographic surveys have demonstrated that population trends over time are correlated across all management areas; however, they are probably driven by factors at smaller geographic scales. During the study no population decline > 30% was detected after accounting for natural and stochastic fluctuations. Continued monitoring is called for to gain a greater understanding of what is driving the trends in populations both range-wide and at the scale of management areas. C1 [Leavitt, Daniel J.; Ingraldi, Michael F.; Piest, Linden] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Collins, Jimmie; Powell, Robert J.] US Dept Navy, Naval Facil Engn Command, El Centro, CA USA. [Crawford, Cat] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Off, Tucson, AZ USA. [Crayonl, Jack] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bermuda Dunes, CA USA. [Grant, Tyler J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Heatwole, Nicholas B.] Bur Reclamat, Yuma Area Off, Yuma, AZ USA. [Hollenbeck, Eric V.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, San Diego, CA USA. [Ponce, Kevin; Roach, Aimee] Calif State Pk, Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreat Area, Borrego Springs, CA USA. [Rosenberg, Abigail S.; Steward, Daniel M.] US Dept Navy, Marine Corps Air Stn Yuma, US Marine Corps, Yuma, AZ USA. [Sirchia, Felicia M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Palm Springs Fish & Wildlife Off, Palm Springs, CA USA. [Steward, Daniel M.] US Bur Land Management, Yuma Field Off, Colorado River Dist, Yuma, AZ USA. [Trouette, Andrew] Calif Desert Dist, El Centro Field Off, El Centro, CA USA. [Lovich, Robert E.] US Dept Navy, Desert Integrated Prod Team, Naval Facil Engn Command Southwest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lovich, RE (reprint author), US Dept Navy, Desert Integrated Prod Team, Naval Facil Engn Command Southwest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM robert.lovich@navy.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ1QK UT WOS:000360373100014 ER PT J AU Buhlmann, KA Koch, SL Butler, BO Tuberville, TD Palermo, VJ Bastarache, BA Cava, ZA AF Buhlmann, Kurt A. Koch, Stephanie L. Butler, Brian O. Tuberville, Tracey D. Palermo, Veronica J. Bastarache, Brian A. Cava, Zachary A. TI REINTRODUCTION AND HEAD-STARTING: TOOLS FOR BLANDING'S TURTLE (EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII) CONSERVATION SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Emydoidea blandingii; adaptive management; conservation; hatchlings; head-starting; reintroduction; translocation ID SEXUAL-MATURITY; POND TURTLES; TRANSLOCATION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB We reintroduced Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) to Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge, Massachusetts, USA, evaluating the relative benefits and risks of using various life stages of Blanding's Turtles collected from a donor population within the same watershed, including direct-release hatchlings (released in autumn shortly after hatching), head-started hatchlings (raised in captivity for 9 mo), juveniles, and adults. We developed a simple population model to evaluate which of several release strategies was most likely to result in a stable population at the recipient site while minimizing negative impacts to the donor site. Model results suggested that annual releases consisting largely of head-started hatchlings were most likely to achieve our goal. We released 81 direct-release and 161 head-started hatchlings at the refuge in 2007-2011. Head-started hatchlings were larger (mean = 62.7 mm carapace length, 46.6 g) compared to direct-release hatchlings (mean = 36.3 mm carapace length, 8.8 g). Simultaneous radio-tracking of 12 translocated sub-adults has provided useful information on habitat preferences that we used to select two sites within the refuge for future releases. We also released six head-started hatchlings with radio transmitters (one in 2009 and five in 2010): one was found dead a year after release. We plan to continue monitoring efforts to assess survivorship, growth, and site fidelity of all released Blanding's Turtles and to compare results among the head-started and direct-release hatchlings. We will update our models and reintroduction efforts based on monitoring data. C1 [Buhlmann, Kurt A.; Tuberville, Tracey D.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Koch, Stephanie L.; Cava, Zachary A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA USA. [Butler, Brian O.; Palermo, Veronica J.] Oxbow Associates Inc, Boxboro, MA USA. [Bastarache, Brian A.] Bristol Cty Agr High Sch, Dighton, MA USA. RP Buhlmann, KA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM kbuhlmann@earthlink.net FU Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2009-0017-021]; Oxbow Associates, Inc.; Friends of Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory FX We especially appreciate the field work by Steve Ecrement, Beth Schlimm, Jason St. Sauver and the dedicated care of head-started hatchlings by J. St. Sauver, Eileen McCourty, and the students of Bristol County Agricultural High School. Andrew Grosse helped with the statistical analysis and production of Figure 6, and Brett DeGregorio provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Manuscript preparation by KAB and TDT was partially supported by the Department of Energy Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506. Funding and in-kind support was provided by National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Project 2009-0017-021), Oxbow Associates, Inc., The Friends of Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. Research was conducted under permits 2011 - 064.11SCRA, 2010 - 106.10SCRA, 2009 - 149.09SCRA, 2008 - 163.08SCRA issued by Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. We greatly appreciate the reviews of this manuscript by Russ Burke. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 32 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 436 EP 454 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ1QK UT WOS:000360373100027 ER PT J AU Milker, Y Horton, BP Nelson, AR Engelhart, SE Witter, RC AF Milker, Yvonne Horton, Benjamin P. Nelson, Alan R. Engelhart, Simon E. Witter, Robert C. TI Variability of intertidal foraminiferal assemblages in a salt marsh, Oregon, USA SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salt-marsh foraminifera; taphonomy; infaunal; patchiness; Cascadia subduction zone; relative sea level ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; FRASER-RIVER DELTA; INFAUNAL BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKE; ST CATHERINES ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC COAST; STANDING CROP; TIDAL MARSHES; GREAT-MARSHES AB We studied 18 sampling stations along a transect to investigate the similarity between live (rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal populations and dead assemblages, their small-scale spatial variations and the distribution of infaunal foraminifera in a salt marsh (Toms Creek marsh) at the upper end of the South Slough arm of the Coos Bay estuary, Oregon, USA. We aimed to test to what extent taphonomic processes, small-scale variability and infaunal distribution influence the accuracy of sea-level reconstructions based on intertidal foraminifera. Cluster analyses have shown that dead assemblages occur in distinct zones with respect to elevation, a prerequisite for using foraminifera as sea-level indicators. Our nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance showed that small-scale spatial variability has only a small influence on live (rose Bengal stained) populations and dead assemblages. The dissimilarity was higher, however, between live (rose Bengal stained) populations in the middle marsh. We observed early diagenetic dissolution of calcareous tests in the dead assemblages. If comparable post-depositional processes and similar minor spatial variability also characterize fossil assemblages, then dead assemblage are the best modern analogs for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The Toms Creek tidal flat and low marsh vascular plant zones are dominated by Miliammina fusca, the middle marsh is dominated by Balticammina pseudomacrescens and Trochammina inflata, and the high marsh and upland-marsh transition zone are dominated by Trochamminita irregularis. Analysis of infaunal foraminifera showed that most living specimens are found in the surface sediments and the majority of live (rose Bengal stained) infaunal specimens are restricted to the upper 10 cm, but living individuals are found to depths of 50 cm. The dominant infaunal specimens are similar to those in the corresponding surface samples and no species have been found living solely infaunally. The total numbers of infaunal foraminifera are small compared to the total numbers of dead specimens in the surface samples. This suggests that surface samples adequately represent the modern intertidal environment in Toms Creek. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Milker, Yvonne] Univ Leipzig, Inst Geol & Geophys, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Milker, Yvonne; Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Nelson, Alan R.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Milker, Y (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Inst Geol & Geophys, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM Yvonne.Milker@uni-leipzig.de OI Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [MI 1508/2-1]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1419844, EAR-1419824]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station [5421]; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve for permission to work at Toms Creek marsh. Mike Graybill and Craig Cornu provided logistical support and encouragement during our fieldwork, and Cornu shared tidal and vegetation observations from Toms Creek marsh. We thank Jutta Richarz for analyzing the grain-size data, the Institute of Pedology (University of Hamburg) for LOI measurements, Manuel F.G. Weinkauf for guidance and support regarding the statistical analyses, and Craig Cornu and Rich Briggs for assistance with the RTK data. We acknowledge the editor of Marine Micropaleontology, F. Jorissen, A. Hawkes, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved the manuscript. This project was mainly carried out at the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Institute for Geology, University of Hamburg, and was supported by funding from the German Science Foundation (DFG) to Y. Milker (Award # MI 1508/2-1), by funding from the National Science Foundation to B. P. Horton (Award EAR-1419844) and to S. E. Engelhart (Award EAR-1419824), and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch funding and the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station, contribution #5421. Nelson's and Witter's research is supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper is a contribution to PALSEA 2. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 118 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.04.004 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA CQ3PQ UT WOS:000360515400001 ER PT J AU Garcia, MO Weis, D Swinnard, L Ito, G Pietruszka, AJ AF Garcia, Michael O. Weis, Dominique Swinnard, Lisa Ito, Garrett Pietruszka, Aaron J. TI Petrology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks from the South Kaua'i Swell Volcano, Hawai'i: Implications for the Lithology and Composition of the Hawaiian Mantle Plume SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; basalt; geochemistry; submarine volcano; mantle plume heterogeneities ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; LEAD ISOTOPES REVEAL; EAST PACIFIC RISE; ISLAND CHAIN; DEEP MANTLE; LAVAS; OLIVINE; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; GROWTH AB The South Kaua`i Swell (SKS) volcano was sampled during four JASON dives and three dredge hauls recovering rocks that range from fresh pillow lavas to altered volcanic breccias. Two geochemical groups were identified: shield-stage tholeiites (5 center dot 4-3 center dot 9 Ma) and rejuvenation-stage alkalic lavas (1 center dot 9-0 center dot 1 Ma). The young SKS ages and the coeval rejuvenated volcanism along a 400 km segment of the Hawaiian Islands (Maui to Ni`ihau) are inconsistent with the timing and duration predictions by the flexure and secondary plume melting models for renewed volcanism. The SKS tholeiites are geochemically heterogeneous but similar to lavas from nearby Kaua`i, Ni`ihau and Wai`anae volcanoes, indicating that their source regions within the Hawaiian mantle plume sampled a well-mixed zone. Most SKS tholeiitic lavas exhibit radiogenic Pb isotope ratios (Pb-208*/Pb-206*) that are characteristic of Loa compositions (> 0 center dot 9475), consistent with the volcano's location on the west side of the Hawaiian Islands. These results document the existence of the Loa component within the Hawaiian mantle plume prior to 5 Ma. Loa trend volcanoes are thought to have a major pyroxenite component in their source. Calculations of the pyroxenitic component in the parental melts for SKS tholeiites using high-precision olivine analyses and modeling of trace element ratios indicate a large pyroxenite proportion (a parts per thousand yen50%), which was predicted by recent numerical models. Rejuvenation-stage lavas were also found to have a significant pyroxenite component based on olivine analyses (40-60%). The abundance of pyroxenite in the source for SKS lavas may be the cause of this volcano's extended period of magmatism (> 5 Myr). The broad distribution of the Loa component in the northern Hawaiian Island lavas coincides with the start of a dramatic magma flux increase (300%) along the Hawaiian Chain, which may reflect a major structural change in the source of the Hawaiian mantle plume. C1 [Garcia, Michael O.; Swinnard, Lisa; Ito, Garrett] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weis, Dominique] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pietruszka, Aaron J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Garcia, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mogarcia@hawaii.edu FU US National Science Foundation [EAR-0510482, EAR-1219955, EAR-1347915, EAR-1141938] FX This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation (grants EAR-0510482 to M.O.G. and G.I., and EAR-1347915 to M.O.G., and EAR-1141938 to G.I.). NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1197 DI 10.1093/petrology/egv033 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ4QE UT WOS:000360588900006 ER PT J AU Lucas, JS Loeb, SC Jodice, PGR AF Lucas, Jessica S. Loeb, Susan C. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Roost selection by Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; predator avoidance; Rafinesque's big-eared bat; roost selection; roost fidelity ID MYOTIS MYOTIS AUSTRORIPARIUS; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; FEMALE EASTERN PIPISTRELLES; BROWN BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SOUTHEASTERN MYOTIS; SITE SELECTION; DWELLING BAT; TREE ROOSTS; LANDSCAPE AB Although several studies have described roost use by Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), few studies have examined roost selection. We examined roost use and selection by Rafinesque's big-eared bat at the tree, stand, and landscape scales during the maternity season in pristine old-growth habitat in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. We located 43 roosts (14 maternity, 29 solitary) through cavity searches and radio-telemetry. Maternity colonies and solitary individuals selected roosts based on similar characteristics. The best model explaining roost selection by all bats included tree and stand characteristics; landscape factors had little influence on roost use. Bats selected large diameter trees in areas with a high density of trees with cavities in the surrounding area. Most roosts (67.4%) were in water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) in semi-permanently flooded and saturated areas. Half of maternity roost cavities had upper bole openings whereas only 25.8% of solitary roosts had upper bole openings. Bats that roosted with maternity groups stayed in roosts for significantly shorter periods of time (1.3 +/- 0.1 days) and used significantly more roost trees (5.0 +/- 0.6 roosts) than adult males (3.8 +/- 1.10 days, 2.3 +/- 0.4 roosts, respectively). Maternity colony use of cavities with upper bole openings and shorter residency times suggest that predator avoidance may have been an important factor governing roosting behavior of maternity colonies in this area. Our results suggest that retention of large diameter, hollow trees in wetland areas will benefit Rafinesque's big-eared bat individuals and maternity colonies in this area. C1 [Lucas, Jessica S.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forestry & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Lucas, Jessica S.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey South Carolina Cooperat Fish, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Lucas, Jessica S.] Clemson Univ, Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Loeb, Susan C.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us FU Congaree National Park; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX Funding for this project was provided by Congaree National Park and the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. We thank B. Hulslander, T. Yednock, T. Thom, and the rest of the Congaree National Park staff for all their logistical assistance. We thank M. Hobby, B. Smith, and S. Walters for field assistance and E. Winters for GIS and mapping assistance. B. L. Brown, J. S. Johnson, and J. C. Jones provided many useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.011 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CO6WU UT WOS:000359298700011 ER PT J AU Hayes, MA Ozenberger, K Cryan, PM Wunder, MB AF Hayes, Mark A. Ozenberger, Katharine Cryan, Paul M. Wunder, Michael B. TI Not to put too fine a point on it - does increasing precision of geographic referencing improve species distribution models for a wide- ranging migratory bat? SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE bioclimatic modeling; Chiroptera; ecological niche modeling; occurrence data; positional uncertainty ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; IMPACT AB Bat specimens held in natural history museum collections can provide insights into the distribution of species. However, there are several important sources of spatial error associated with natural history specimens that may influence the analysis and mapping of bat species distributions. We analyzed the importance of geographic referencing and error correction in species distribution modeling (SDM) using occurrence records of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus). This species is known to migrate long distances and is a species of increasing concern due to fatalities documented at wind energy facilities in North America. We used 3,215 museum occurrence records collected from 1950-2000 for hoary bats in North America. We compared SDM performance using five approaches: generalized linear models, multivariate adaptive regression splines, boosted regression trees, random forest, and maximum entropy models. We evaluated results using three SDM performance metrics (AUC, sensitivity, and specificity) and two data sets: one comprised of the original occurrence data, and a second data set consisting of these same records after the locations were adjusted to correct for identifiable spatial errors. The increase in precision improved the mean estimated spatial error associated with hoary bat records from 5.11 km to 1.58 km, and this reduction in error resulted in a slight increase in all three SDM performance metrics. These results provide insights into the importance of geographic referencing and the value of correcting spatial errors in modeling the distribution of a wide-ranging bat species. We conclude that the considerable time and effort invested in carefully increasing the precision of the occurrence locations in this data set was not worth the marginal gains in improved SDM performance, and it seems likely that gains would be similar for other bat species that range across large areas of the continent, migrate, and are habitat generalists. C1 [Hayes, Mark A.; Ozenberger, Katharine; Wunder, Michael B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Hayes, Mark A.; Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hayes, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM hayesm@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.013 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CO6WU UT WOS:000359298700013 ER PT J AU Gorresen, PM Cryan, PM Dalton, DC Wolf, S Bonaccorso, FJ AF Gorresen, P. Marcos Cryan, Paul M. Dalton, David C. Wolf, Sandy Bonaccorso, Frank J. TI Ultraviolet vision may be widespread in bats SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; ultraviolet vision; orientation; perception; photoreceptors; retina; rods; sensory ecology; short-wave sensitive cones ID EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; ECHOLOCATING BATS; COLOR-VISION; EVOLUTION; VERTEBRATES; LIGHT; PHOTORECEPTORS; ORIENTATION; SENSITIVITY; AVOIDANCE AB Insectivorous bats are well known for their abilities to find and pursue flying insect prey at close range using echolocation, but they also rely heavily on vision. For example, at night bats use vision to orient across landscapes, avoid large obstacles, and locate roosts. Although lacking sharp visual acuity, the eyes of bats evolved to function at very low levels of illumination. Recent evidence based on genetics, immunohistochemistry, and laboratory behavioral trials indicated that many bats can see ultraviolet light (UV), at least at illumination levels similar to or brighter than those before twilight. Despite this growing evidence for potentially widespread UV vision in bats, the prevalence of UV vision among bats remains unknown and has not been studied outside of the laboratory. We used a Y-maze to test whether wild-caught bats could see reflected UV light and whether such UV vision functions at the dim lighting conditions typically experienced by night-flying bats. Seven insectivorous species of bats, representing five genera and three families, showed a statistically significant 'escape-toward-the-light' behavior when placed in the Y-maze. Our results provide compelling evidence of widespread dim-light UV vision in bats. C1 [Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dalton, David C.; Wolf, Sandy] Bat Res & Consulting, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Bonaccorso, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Gorresen, PM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mgorresen@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Innovation Center for Earth Sciences and Eco systems Mission Area FX We thank S. Mistry for helpful input on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Innovation Center for Earth Sciences and Eco systems Mission Area. We thank J. Stock and L. Allen for logistical support, K. Brinck for statistical advice, and C. Avena, M. Bucci, K. Castle, S. Daugherty, T. Dewey, L. Ellison, K. Henker, K. Hughes, B. LaBelle, R. LaBelle, J. Makiejus, J. McCoy, M. McCoy, D. Neubaum, K. Navo, P. Nyland, K. O'Brien, J. Pelham, I. Rodden, L. Rossi, M. Schirmacher, R. Schorr, J. Siemers, C. Trejo, T. Weller, and L. Wheeler for invaluable help in the field. Helpful information on illumination levels used in previous experiments was provided by L. Peichl and J. Ammermuller. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 37 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.017 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CO6WU UT WOS:000359298700017 ER PT J AU Hanson, RT AF Hanson, R. T. TI Hydrologic framework of the Santa Clara Valley, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WATER AB The hydrologic framework of the Santa Clara Valley in northern California was redefined on the basis of new data and a new hydrologic model. The regional groundwater flow systems can be subdivided into upper-aquifer and lower-aquifer systems that form a convergent flow system within a basin bounded by mountains and hills on three sides and discharge to pumping wells and the southern San Francisco Bay. Faults also control the flow of groundwater within the Santa Clara Valley and subdivide the aquifer system into three subregions. After decades of development and groundwater depletion that resulted in substantial land subsidence, Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) and the local water purveyors have refilled the basin through conservation and importation of water for direct use and artificial recharge. The natural flow system has been altered by extensive development with flow paths toward major well fields. Climate has not only affected the cycles of sedimentation during the glacial periods over the past million years, but interannual to interdecadal climate cycles also have affected the supply and demand components of the natural and anthropogenic inflows and outflows of water in the valley. Streamflow has been affected by development of the aquifer system and regulated flow from reservoirs, as well as conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. Interaquifer flow through water-supply wells screened across multiple aquifers is an important component to the flow of groundwater and recapture of artificial recharge in the Santa Clara Valley. Wellbore flow and depth-dependent chemical and isotopic data indicate that flow into wells from multiple aquifers, as well as capture of artificial recharge by pumping of water-supply wells, predominantly is occurring in the upper 500 ft (152 m) of the aquifer system. Artificial recharge represents about one-half of the inflow of water into the valley for the period 1970-1999. Most subsidence is occurring below 250 ft (76 m), and most pumpage occurs within the upper-aquifer system between 300 and 650 ft (between 91 and 198 m) below land surface. Overall, the natural quality of most groundwater in the Santa Clara Valley is good. Isotopic data indicate that artificial recharge is occurring throughout the shallower parts of the upper-aquifer system and that recent recharge (less than 50 yr old) occurs throughout most of the basin in the upper-aquifer system, but many of the wells in the center of the basin with deeper well screens do not contain tritium and recent recharge. Age dates indicate that the groundwater in the upper-aquifer system generally is less than 2000 yr old, and groundwater in the lower-aquifer system generally ranges from 16,700 to 39,900 yr old. Depth-dependent sampling indicates that wellbores are the main path for vertical flow between aquifer layers. Isotopic data indicate as much as 60% of water pumped from production wells originated as artificial recharge. Shallow aquifers not only contain more recent recharge but may be more susceptible to anthropogenic and natural contamination, as evidenced by trace occurrences of iron, nitrate, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in selected water-supply wells. Water-resource management issues are centered on sustaining a reliable and good-quality source of water to the residents and industries of the valley. While the basin has been refilled, increased demand owing to growth and droughts could result in renewed storage depletion and the related potential adverse effects of land subsidence and seawater intrusion. The new hydrologic model demonstrates the importance of the aquifer layering, faults, and stream channels in relation to groundwater flow and infiltration of recharge. This model provides a means to analyze water resource issues because it separates the supply and demand components of the inflows and outflows. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. FU Santa Clara Valley Water District; Cooperative Water Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Santa Clara Valley Water District and the Cooperative Water Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors are grateful to the Western Earth Surfaces Process Group of the USGS Geologic Discipline for collaboration, data, and interpretations of sequence stratigraphy. The authors thank Larry Schneider of the U.S. Geological Survey for design and construction of the illustrations. Constructive reviews by James Bartolino, Wayne Belcher, and Eric Reichard, and the journal editors improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 606 EP 637 DI 10.1130/GES01104.1 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FP UT WOS:000359479400005 ER PT J AU Crossey, LC Karlstrom, KE Dorsey, R Pearce, J Wan, E Beard, LS Asmerom, Y Polyak, V Crow, RS Cohen, A Bright, J Pecha, ME AF Crossey, L. C. Karlstrom, K. E. Dorsey, R. Pearce, J. Wan, E. Beard, L. S. Asmerom, Y. Polyak, V. Crow, R. S. Cohen, A. Bright, J. Pecha, M. E. TI Importance of groundwater in propagating downward integration of the 6-5 Ma Colorado River system: Geochemistry of springs, travertines, and lacustrine carbonates of the Grand Canyon region over the past 12 Ma SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; PLIOCENE BOUSE FORMATION; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PALEOCLIMATE CHANGES; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; WESTERN ARIZONA; ANDREAS FAULT; NORTH-AMERICA AB We applied multiple geochemical tracers (Sr-87/Sr-86, [Sr], delta C-13, and delta O-18) to waters and carbonates of the lower Colorado River system to evaluate its paleohydrology over the past 12 Ma. Modern springs in Grand Canyon reflect mixing of deeply derived (endogenic) fluids with meteoric (epigenic) recharge. Travertine (<1 Ma) and speleothems (2-4 Ma) yield Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta C-13 and delta O-18 values that overlap with associated water values, providing justification for use of carbonates as a proxy for the waters from which they were deposited. The Hualapai Limestone (12-6 Ma) and Bouse Formation (5.6-4.8 Ma) record paleohydrology immediately prior to and during integration of the Colorado River. The Hualapai Limestone was deposited from 12 Ma (new ash age) to 6 Ma; carbonates thicken eastward to similar to 210 m toward the Grand Wash fault, suggesting that deposition was synchronous with fault slip. A fanning-dip geometry is suggested by correlation of ashes between subbasins using tephrochronology. New detrital-zircon ages are consistent with the "Muddy Creek constraint," which posits that Grand Wash Trough was internally drained prior to 6 Ma, with limited or no Colorado Plateau detritus, and that Grand Wash basin was sedimentologically distinct from Gregg and Temple basins until after 6 Ma. New isotopic data from Hualapai Limestone of Grand Wash basin show values and ranges of Sr-87/Sr-86, delta C-13, and delta O-18 that are similar to Grand Canyon springs and travertines, suggesting a long-lived spring-fed lake/marsh system sourced from western Colorado Plateau groundwater. Progressive up-section decrease in Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta C-13 and increase in delta O-18 in the uppermost 50 m of the Hualapai Limestone indicate an increase in meteoric water relative to endogenic inputs, which we interpret to record progressively increased input of high-elevation Colorado Plateau groundwater from ca. 8 to 6 Ma. Grand Wash, Hualapai, Gregg, and Temple basins, although potentially connected by groundwater, were hydrochemically distinct basins before ca. 6 Ma. The Sr-87/Sr-86, delta C-13, and delta O-18 chemostratigraphic trends are compatible with a model for downward integration of Hualapai basins by groundwater sapping and lake spillover. The Bouse Limestone (5.6-4.8 Ma) was also deposited in several hydrochemically distinct basins separated by bedrock divides. Northern Bouse basins (Cottonwood, Mojave, Havasu) have carbonate chemistry that is nonmarine. The Sr-87/Sr-86 data suggest that water in these basins was derived from mixing of high-Sr-87/Sr-86 Lake Hualapai waters with lower-Sr-87/Sr-86, first-arriving "Colorado River" waters. Covariation trends of delta C-13 and delta O-18 suggest that newly integrated Grand Wash, Gregg, and Temple basin waters were integrated downward to the Cottonwood and Mojave basins at ca. 5-6 Ma. Southern, potentially younger Bouse basins are distinct hydrochemically from each other, which suggests incomplete mixing during continued downward integration of internally drained basins. Bouse carbonates display a southward trend toward less radiogenic Sr-87/Sr-86 values, higher [Sr], and heavier delta O-18 that we attribute to an increased proportion of Colorado River water through time plus increased evaporation from north to south. The delta C-13 and delta O-18 trends suggest alternating closed and open systems in progressively lower (southern) basins. We interpret existing data to permit the interpretation that the southernmost Blythe basin may have had intermittent mixing with marine water based on delta C-13 and delta O-18 covariation trends, sedimentology, and paleontology. [Sr] versus Sr-87/Sr-86 modeling suggests that southern Blythe basin Sr-87/Sr-86 values of similar to 0.710-0.711 could be produced by 25%-75% seawater mixed with river water (depending on [Sr] assumptions) in a delta-marine estuary system. We suggest several refinements to the "lake fill-and-spill" downward integration model for the Colorado River: (1) Lake Hualapai was fed by western Colorado Plateau groundwater from 12 to 8 Ma; (2) high-elevation Colorado Plateau groundwater was progressively introduced to Lake Hualapai from ca. 8 to 6 Ma; (3) Colorado River water arrived at ca. 5-6 Ma; and (4) the combined inputs led to downward integration by a combination of groundwater sapping and sequential lake spillover that first delivered Colorado Plateau water and detritus to the Salton Trough at ca. 5.3 Ma. We propose that the groundwater sapping mechanism strongly influenced lake evolution of the Hualapai and Bouse Limestones and that groundwater flow from the Colorado Plateau to Grand Wash Trough led to Colorado River integration. C1 [Crossey, L. C.; Karlstrom, K. E.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.; Crow, R. S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dorsey, R.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Pearce, J.] US Forest Serv, Grand Mesa Uncompahgre & Gunnison Natl Forests, Paonia, CO 81428 USA. [Wan, E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beard, L. S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Cohen, A.; Bright, J.; Pecha, M. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Crossey, LC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Crossey, Laura/0000-0001-6237-8023 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) from Hydrologic Sciences Program [EAR-0838575, EAR-1119629, EAR-1242028, EAR-1348007]; NSF GK-12 program [DGE-0538396]; NSF of the Arizona LaserChron Center [EAR-1338583] FX This project benefited from partial financial support from National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-0838575 from the Hydrologic Sciences Program, EAR-1119629, -1242028, and -1348007 from the Tectonics Program, and DGE-0538396 from the NSF GK-12 program. For tephrochronology, Holly Olson performed the laboratory processing and petrography, Dave Wahl conducted the instrumental and computer analysis, and Elmira Wan interpreted the data. Detrital-zircon samples were run by Mark Pecha and the University of Arizona LaserChron laboratory, and we acknowledge NSF grant EAR-1338583 for support of the Arizona LaserChron Center. W.R. Dickinson helped analyze and interpret the detrital-zircon data. Mark Holland created the detrital-zircon figure, and Jason Ricketts helped with drafting of other figures. We thank Viorel Atudori and the University of New Mexico Stable Isotope Laboratory for stable isotope data. The manuscript benefited from discussions and reviews from W.R Dickinson, David Miller, and an anonymous reviewer, as well as from Guest Associate Editor Andres Aslan. NR 99 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 660 EP 682 DI 10.1130/GES01073.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FP UT WOS:000359479400007 ER PT J AU Eisses, AK Kell, A Kent, GM Driscoll, NW Baskin, RL Smith, KD Karlin, RE Louie, JN Pullammanappallil, SK AF Eisses, Amy Kendra Kell, Annie Kent, Graham Martin Driscoll, Neal William Baskin, Robert LeRoy Smith, Ken Dent Karlin, Robert Ellis Louie, John Nikolai Pullammanappallil, Satish Kumar TI New constraints on fault architecture, slip rates, and strain partitioning beneath Pyramid Lake, Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN WALKER LANE; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; RANGE PROVINCE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; PLATE BOUNDARY; SAN-ANDREAS; HONEY LAKE; BASIN AB A seismic compressed high-intensity radar pulse (CHIRP) survey of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, defines fault architecture and distribution within a key sector of the northern Walker Lane belt. More than 500 line-kilometers of high-resolution (decimeter) subsurface imagery, together with dated piston and gravity cores, were used to produce the first comprehensive fault map and attendant slip rates beneath the lake. A reversal of fault polarity is observed beneath Pyramid Lake, where down-to-the-east slip on the dextral Pyramid Lake fault to the south switches to down-to-the-west displacement on the Lake Range fault to the north. Extensional deformation within the northern two thirds of the basin is bounded by the Lake Range fault, which exhibits varying degrees of asymmetric tilting and stratal divergence due to along-strike segmentation. This structural configuration likely results from a combination of changes in slip rate along strike and the splaying of fault segments onshore. The potential splaying of fault segments onshore tends to shift the focus of extension away from the lake. The combination of normal-and oblique-slip faults in the northern basin gives Pyramid Lake its distinctive "fanning open to the north" geometry. The oblique-slip faults in the northwestern region of the lake are short and discontinuous in nature, possibly representing a nascent shear zone. In contrast, the Lake Range fault is long and well defined. Vertical slip rates measured across the Lake Range and other faults provide new estimates on extension across the Pyramid Lake basin. A minimum vertical slip rate of similar to 1.0 mm/yr is estimated along the Lake Range fault. When combined with fault length, slip rates yield a potential earthquake magnitude range between M6.4 and M7.0. Little to no offset on the Lake Range fault is observed in the sediment rapidly emplaced at the end of Tioga glaciation (12.5-9.5 ka). In contrast, since 9.5 ka, CHIRP imagery provides evidence for three or four major earthquakes, assuming a characteristic offset of 2.5 m per event. Regionally, our CHIRP investigation helps to reveal how strain is partitioned along the boundary between the northeastern edge of the Walker Lane and the northwest Basin and Range Province proper. C1 [Eisses, Amy Kendra; Kell, Annie; Kent, Graham Martin; Smith, Ken Dent; Louie, John Nikolai] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Driscoll, Neal William] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Baskin, Robert LeRoy] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Karlin, Robert Ellis] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Geol Sci & Engn 0172, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Pullammanappallil, Satish Kumar] Optim Inc, Reno, NV 89501 USA. RP Eisses, AK (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, 1664 North Virginia St,MS0174, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU Bureau of Indian Affairs; U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G12AP20110] FX First and foremost, we wish to thank Donna Noel, John Jackson, and the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe for access to Pyramid Lake and its enchanting environment. We wish to thank Larry Benson and Scott Mensing for access to their core data, which helped immensely with the chronologic framework for this project. This manuscript was greatly improved through conversations with Jim Faulds, Steve Wesnousky, and Pat Cashman. An anonymous reviewer and Craig Jones added greatly to this manuscript. We also wish to thank IHS Kingdom for their academic license and access to Kingdom Suite software, and QPS for academic pricing for Fledermaus. This research was funded through a grant from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) grant G12AP20110. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 683 EP 704 DI 10.1130/GES00821.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FP UT WOS:000359479400008 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW Bachmann, O AF Lipman, Peter W. Bachmann, Olivier TI Ignimbrites to batholiths: Integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID JUAN VOLCANIC FIELD; SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; FISH CANYON TUFF; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBERS; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SOUTHWESTERN NEW-MEXICO; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COLORADO MINERAL BELT AB Multistage histories of incremental accumulation, fractionation, and solidification during construction of large subvolcanic magma bodies that remained sufficiently liquid-to erupt are recorded by Tertiary ignimbrites, source calderas, and granitoid intrusions associated with large gravity lows at the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (SRMVF). Geophysical data combined with geological constraints and comparisons with tilted plutons and magmatic-arc sections elsewhere are consistent with the presence of vertically extensive (>20 km) intermediate to silicic batholiths (with intrusive:extrusive ratios of 10:1 or greater) beneath the major SRMVF volcanic loci (Sawatch, San Juan, Questa-Latir). Isotopic data require involvement of voluminous mantle-derived mafic magmas on a scale equal to or greater than that of the intermediate to silicic volcanic and plutonic rocks. Early waxing-stage intrusions (35-30 Ma) that fed intermediate-composition central volcanoes of the San Juan locus are more widespread than the geophysically defined batholith; these likely heated and processed the crust, preparatory for ignimbrite volcanism (32-27 Ma) and large-scale upper-crustal batholith growth. Age and compositional similarities indicate that SRMVF ignimbrites and granitic intrusions are closely related, but the extent to which the plutons record remnants of former magma reservoirs that lost melt to volcanic eruptions has been controversial. Published Ar/Ar-feldspar and U-Pb-zircon ages for plutons spatially associated with ignimbrite calderas document final crystallization of granitoid intrusions at times indistinguishable from the tuff to ages several million years younger. These ages also show that SRMVF caldera-related intrusions cooled and solidified soon after zircon crystallization, as magma supply waned. Some researchers interpret these results as recording pluton assembly in small increments that crystallized rapidly, leading to temporal disconnects between ignimbrite eruption and intrusion growth. Alternatively, crystallization ages of the granitic rocks are here inferred to record late solidification, after protracted open-system evolution involving voluminous mantle input, lengthy residence (10(5)-10(6) yr) as near-solidus crystal mush, and intermittent separation of liquid to supply volcanic eruptions. The compositions of the least-evolved ignimbrite magmas tend to merge with those of caldera-related plutons, suggesting that the plutons record nonerupted parts of long-lived cogenetic magmatic systems, variably modified prior to final solidification. Precambrian-source zircons are scarce in caldera plutons, in contrast to their abundance in some peripheral waning-stage intrusions of the SRMVF, implying dissolution of inherited crustal zircon during lengthy magma assembly for the ignimbrite eruptions and construction of a subvolcanic batholith. Broad age spans of zircons (to several million years) from individual samples of some ignimbrites and intrusions, commonly averaged and interpreted as "intrusion-emplacement age," alternatively provide an incomplete record of intermittent crystallization during protracted incremental magma-body assembly, with final solidification only when the system began to wane. Analyses of whole zircons cannot resolve late stages of crystal growth, and early growth in a long-lived magmatic system may be poorly recorded due to periods of zircon dissolution. Overall, construction of a batholith can take longer than recorded by zircon-crystallization ages, while the time interval for separation and shallow assembly of eruptible magma may be much shorter. Magma-supply estimates (from ages and volcano-plutonic volumes) yield focused intrusion-assembly rates sufficient to generate ignimbrite-scale volumes of eruptible magma, based on published thermal models. Mid-Tertiary processes of batholith assembly associated with the SRMVF caused drastic chemical and physical reconstruction of the entire lithosphere, probably accompanied by asthenospheric input. C1 [Lipman, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94028 USA. [Bachmann, Olivier] ETH, Inst Geochem & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94028 USA. EM plipman@usgs.gov FU Schweizerischer National-fonds (SNF) fund [200021_146268] FX A stimulating Geological Society of America (GSA) Field Forum on the Sierra Nevada batholith, organized in 2005 by Drew Coleman, Allen Glazner, and John Bartley, re-energized Lipman's interest in issues of pluton-crystallization ages and duration of magma-body assembly. Subsequent studies on subvolcanic plutons in the SRMVF (by Coleman and students at the University of North Carolina, Matt Zimmerer and Bill McIntosh at New Mexico Tech, and David Gonzales at Fort Lewis College) generated enjoyable field work, thought-provoking data, and some divergent interpretations. We especially thank David Gonzales and Kathryn Watts for sharing data on zircon populations in western San Juan intrusions and the Caetano caldera system. Jake Lowenstern and Kathyrn Watts of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Geosphere reviewers and editors (Ben Drenth, Jonathan Miller, Lang Farmer, and Shan de Silva) provided exceptionally helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was partly supported by Schweizerischer National-fonds (SNF) fund 200021_146268 to Bachmann. NR 278 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 25 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 705 EP 743 DI 10.1130/GES01091.1 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FP UT WOS:000359479400009 ER PT J AU Dusel-Bacon, C Aleinikoff, JN Day, WC Mortensen, JK AF Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Aleinikoff, John N. Day, Warren C. Mortensen, James K. TI Mesozoic magmatism and timing of epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the western Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Pb isotopes SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; HIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; DENALI-FAULT; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; GOLD MINERALIZATION; COMPOSITE TERRANE; AR-40/AR-39 DATA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS AB The Mesozoic magmatic history of the North American margin records the evolution from a more segmented assemblage of parautochthonous and allochthonous terranes to the more cohesive northern Cordilleran orogenic belt. We characterize the setting of magmatism, tectonism, and epigenetic mineralization in the western Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska, where parautochthonous and allochthonous Paleozoic tectonic assemblages are juxtaposed, using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and feldspar Pb isotopes of Mesozoic intrusions and spatially associated mineral prospects. New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages and published U-Pb and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages indicate four episodes of plutonism in the western Fortymile district: Late Triassic (216-208 Ma), Early Jurassic (199-181 Ma), mid-Cretaceous (112-94 Ma), and Late Cretaceous (70-66 Ma). All age groups have calc-alkalic arc compositions that became more evolved through time. Pb isotope compositions of feldspars from Late Triassic, Early Jurassic, and Late Cretaceous igneous rocks similarly became more radiogenic with time and are consistent with the magmas being mantle derived but extensively contaminated by upper crustal components with evolving Pb isotopic compositions. Feldspar Pb isotopes from mid-Cretaceous rocks have isotopic ratios that indicate magma derivation from upper crustal sources, probably thickened mid-Paleozoic basement. The origin of the mantle component in Late Cretaceous granitoids suggested by Pb isotopic ratios is uncertain, but we propose that it reflects asthenospheric upwelling following slab breakoff and sinking of an inactive inner subduction zone that delivered the previously accreted Wrangellia composite terrane to the North American continental margin, after the outer Farallon subduction zone was established. Epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag +/- Cu prospects in the western Fortymile district are spatially associated with splays of the northeast-trending Kechumstuk sinistral-normal fault zone and with ca. 68-66 Ma felsic intrusions and dikes. The similarity between Pb isotope compositions of feldspars from the Late Cretaceous igneous bodies and sulfides from the epithermal prospects suggests a Late Cretaceous age for most of the mineralization. Fluid flow along the faults undoubtedly played a major role in mineralization. We interpret displacement on the northeast-trending faults to be a far-field effect of dextral translation along Late Cretaceous plate-scale boundaries and faults that were roughly parallel to the subsequently developed Denali and Tintina fault systems, which currently bound the region. C1 [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.; Day, Warren C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mortensen, James K.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 346 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX We thank Full Metal Minerals (U.S.A.), Inc., and Full Metal Zinc Ltd., especially Rob McLeod, Vice President of Exploration, for helicopter support and access to drill core and company reports for the Mount Veta area. Doyon, Ltd. granted permission required to conduct our studies on Doyon's selected or conveyed lands in the western Fortymile study area. Charlie Bacon supplied invaluable help in the field, including sample collection and logistics. John Slack and Mike O'Neill are also thanked for participation in field work. Discussions with Chris Siron and Cullan Lester of Full Metal Minerals, (U.S.A.), Inc., were especially helpful, and Chris kindly granted permission for us to publish the 40Ar/39Ar data. We appreciate the efforts of Joseph Wooden in ensuring that the Stanford-U.S Geological Survey instrument worked well during our analytical sessions. We thank Renee Pillers for mineral separation work and help with scanning electron microscope imaging of zircons; Janet Gabites, who measured the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide and feldspar samples at the Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, University of British Columbia; and Kate Gans for preparation of final illustrations and many of the rock photos. This manuscript benefited from thorough and insightful reviews by Jamey Jones, Robert Ayuso, Maurice Colpron, Jeff Amato, and Richard Tosdal. Funding for this research was from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 786 EP 822 DI 10.1130/GES01092.1 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FP UT WOS:000359479400012 ER PT J AU Teran, OJ Fletcher, JM Oskin, ME Rockwell, TK Hudnut, KW Spelz, RM Akciz, SO Hernandez-Flores, AP Morelan, AE AF Teran, Orlando J. Fletcher, John M. Oskin, Michael E. Rockwell, Thomas K. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Spelz, Ronald M. Akciz, Sinan O. Paula Hernandez-Flores, Ana Morelan, Alexander E. TI Geologic and structural controls on rupture zone fabric: A field-based study of the 2010 M-w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake surface rupture SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NORMAL-FAULT; SHEAR ZONES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; 1992 LANDERS; SLIP; DEFORMATION; MEXICO; ARCHITECTURE; PROPAGATION AB We systematically mapped (scales >1: 500) the surface rupture of the 4 April 2010 Mw (moment magnitude) 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake through the Sierra Cucapah (Baja California, northwestern Mexico) to understand how faults with similar structural and lithologic characteristics control rupture zone fabric, which is here defined by the thickness, distribution, and internal configuration of shearing in a rupture zone. Fault zone thickness and master fault dip are strongly correlated with many parameters of rupture zone fabric. Wider fault zones produce progressively wider rupture zones and both of these parameters increase systematically with decreasing dip of master faults, which varies from 20 degrees to 90 degrees in our dataset. Principal scarps that accommodate more than 90% of the total coseismic slip in a given transect are only observed in fault sections with narrow rupture zones (<25 m). As rupture zone thickness increases, the number of scarps in a given transect increases, and the scarp with the greatest relative amount of coseismic slip decreases. Rupture zones in previously undeformed alluvium become wider and have more complex arrangements of secondary fractures with oblique slip compared to those with pure normal dip-slip or pure strike-slip. Field relations and lidar (light detection and ranging) difference models show that as magnitude of coseismic slip increases from 0 to 60 cm, the links between kinematically distinct fracture sets increase systematically to the point of forming a throughgoing principal scarp. Our data indicate that secondary faults and penetrative off-fault strain continue to accommodate the oblique kinematics of coseismic slip after the formation of a thoroughgoing principal scarp. Among the widest rupture zones in the Sierra Cucapah are those developed above buried low angle faults due to the transfer of slip to widely distributed steeper faults, which are mechanically more favorably oriented. The results from this study show that the measureable parameters that define rupture zone fabric allow for testing hypotheses concerning the mechanics and propagation of earthquake ruptures, as well as for siting and designing facilities to be constructed in regions near active faults. C1 [Teran, Orlando J.; Fletcher, John M.; Paula Hernandez-Flores, Ana] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Geol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Oskin, Michael E.; Morelan, Alexander E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rockwell, Thomas K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Spelz, Ronald M.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Akciz, Sinan O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Teran, OJ (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Geol, Carretera Tijuana Ensenada 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia) [CB-2007-81463, CB-2009-133042]; GEER Association (Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance); Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) - National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462]; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement [G12AC20038] FX This work was financed by CONACYT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia) grants CB-2007-81463 and CB-2009-133042. The GEER Association (Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance) provided funding for initial field work. This research was also supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. This is SCEC contribution 1963. We are grateful for the excellent technical support provided by Jose Mojarro, Sergio Arregui, and Luis Gradilla. We also thank Nicholas C. Barth, Colin Amos, and an anonymous reviewer for extensive and insightful reviews. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 899 EP 920 DI 10.1130/GES01078.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO9FP UT WOS:000359479400016 ER PT J AU Ng, GHC Bedford, DR Miller, DM AF Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal Bedford, David R. Miller, David M. TI Identifying multiple time scale rainfall controls on Mojave Desert ecohydrology using an integrated data and modeling approach for Larrea tridentata SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SONORAN DESERT; WATER-USE; SOIL-WATER; MONSOON PRECIPITATION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; PLANT-RESPONSES; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE AB The perennial shrub Larrea tridentata is widely successful in North American warm deserts but is also susceptible to climatic perturbations. Understanding its response to rainfall variability requires consideration of multiple time scales. We examine intra-annual to multiyear relationships using model simulations of soil moisture and vegetation growth over 50 years in the Mojave National Preserve in southeastern California (USA). Ecohydrological model parameters are conditioned on field and remote sensing data using an ensemble Kalman filter. Although no specific periodicities were detected in the rainfall record, simulated leaf-area-index exhibits multiyear dynamics that are driven by multiyear (approximate to 3 years) rains, but with up to a 1 year delay in peak response. Within a multiyear period, Larrea tridentata is more sensitive to winter rains than summer. In the most active part of the root zone (above approximate to 80 cm), >1 year average soil moisture drives vegetation growth, but monthly average soil moisture is controlled by root uptake. Moisture inputs reach the lower part of the root zone (below approximate to 80 cm) infrequently, but once there they can persist over a year to help sustain plant growth. Parameter estimates highlight efficient plant physiological properties facilitating persistent growth and high soil hydraulic conductivity allowing deep soil moisture stores. We show that soil moisture as an ecological indicator is complicated by bidirectional interactions with vegetation that depend on time scale and depth. Under changing climate, Larrea tridentata will likely be relatively resilient to shorter-term moisture variability but will exhibit higher sensitivity to shifts in seasonal to multiyear moisture inputs. C1 [Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal; Bedford, David R.; Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ng, GHC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gcng@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship from the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Darren Sandquist (California State University-Fullerton) for productive conversations and Dave Stonestrom (U.S. Geological Survey) for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. The Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers provided very useful comments. The corresponding author(G.-H.C. Ng) may be contacted for access to the Mojave National Preserve field data, calibrated ensemble model parameters for CLM-CN, and simulation raw output files. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3884 EP 3899 DI 10.1002/2015WR017240 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CN3CK UT WOS:000358301200003 ER PT J AU Ng, GHC Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Baedecker, MJ Bennett, PC Amos, RT Herkelrath, WN AF Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal Bekins, Barbara A. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Baedecker, Mary Jo Bennett, Philip C. Amos, Richard T. Herkelrath, William N. TI Reactive transport modeling of geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ANOXIC GROUNDWATER; METHANE OXIDATION; POLLUTION PLUMES AB Anaerobic biodegradation of organic amendments and contaminants in aquifers can trigger secondary water quality impacts that impair groundwater resources. Reactive transport models help elucidate how diverse geochemical reactions control the spatiotemporal evolution of these impacts. Using extensive monitoring data from a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota (USA), we implemented a comprehensive model that simulates secondary plumes of depleted dissolved O-2 and elevated concentrations of Mn2+, Fe2+, CH4, and Ca2+ over a two-dimensional cross section for 30 years following the spill. The model produces observed changes by representing multiple oil constituents and coupled carbonate and hydroxide chemistry. The model includes reactions with carbonates and Fe and Mn mineral phases, outgassing of CH4 and CO2 gas phases, and sorption of Fe, Mn, and H+. Model results demonstrate that most of the carbon loss from the oil (70%) occurs through direct outgassing from the oil source zone, greatly limiting the amount of CH4 cycled down-gradient. The vast majority of reduced Fe is strongly attenuated on sediments, with most (91%) in the sorbed form in the model. Ferrous carbonates constitute a small fraction of the reduced Fe in simulations, but may be important for furthering the reduction of ferric oxides. The combined effect of concomitant redox reactions, sorption, and dissolved CO2 inputs from source-zone degradation successfully reproduced observed pH. The model demonstrates that secondary water quality impacts may depend strongly on organic carbon properties, and impacts may decrease due to sorption and direct outgassing from the source zone. C1 [Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal; Bekins, Barbara A.; Herkelrath, William N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Baedecker, Mary Jo] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bennett, Philip C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Amos, Richard T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Ng, GHC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gcng@umn.edu OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU SERDP; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX This work was funded by SERDP and also supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS National Research Program. Lead author Ng may be contacted at gcng@umn.edu to obtain model simulation files produced for this study. The authors thank Doug Kent, Bob Borden, Jason Tillotson, and Hedeff Essaid for insightful discussions. Gary Curtis provided model implementation tips and a very helpful review of the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 4156 EP 4183 DI 10.1002/2015WR016964 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CN3CK UT WOS:000358301200015 ER PT J AU Vogel, RM Lall, U Cai, XM Rajagopalan, B Weiskel, PK Hooper, RP Matalas, NC AF Vogel, Richard M. Lall, Upmanu Cai, Ximing Rajagopalan, Balaji Weiskel, Peter K. Hooper, Richard P. Matalas, Nicholas C. TI Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; HUMAN INTERFERENCE; SOCIO-HYDROLOGY; EXTREME EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; FLOOD; CALIFORNIA; FRAMEWORK AB We live in a world where biophysical and social processes are tightly coupled. Hydrologic systems change in response to a variety of natural and human forces such as climate variability and change, water use and water infrastructure, and land cover change. In turn, changes in hydrologic systems impact socioeconomic, ecological, and climate systems at a number of scales, leading to a coevolution of these interlinked systems. The Harvard Water Program, Hydrosociology, Integrated Water Resources Management, Ecohydrology, Hydromorphology, and Sociohydrology were all introduced to provide distinct, interdisciplinary perspectives on water problems to address the contemporary dynamics of human interaction with the hydrosphere and the evolution of the Earth's hydrologic systems. Each of them addresses scientific, social, and engineering challenges related to how humans influence water systems and vice versa. There are now numerous examples in the literature of how holistic approaches can provide a structure and vision of the future of hydrology. We review selected examples, which taken together, describe the type of theoretical and applied integrated hydrologic analyses and associated curricular content required to address the societal issue of water resources sustainability. We describe a modern interdisciplinary science of hydrology needed to develop an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the connectedness between human and natural systems and to determine effective solutions to resolve the complex water problems that the world faces today. Nearly, every theoretical hydrologic model introduced previously is in need of revision to accommodate how climate, land, vegetation, and socioeconomic factors interact, change, and evolve over time. C1 [Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Vogel, Richard M.; Weiskel, Peter K.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Cai, Ximing] Univ Illinois, Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hooper, Richard P.] CUAHSI, Medford, MA USA. RP Vogel, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM richard.vogel@tufts.edu RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU NSF [EAR 1338606] FX We are grateful to three reviewers for insightful comments which greatly improved the manuscript. The authors are indebted to the comments of Eugene Z. Stakhiv, for his thoughtful remarks and to William H. Farmer, Jory Hecht, Laura Read, Brent Boehlert, and Annalise Blum for their review of an early version of this manuscript. The participation of Richard P. Hooper in the preparation of this paper was supported by NSF Grant EAR 1338606 made to CUAHSI. Source data for Table 1 and Figure 1 are summarized in Table 1 caption. NR 116 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 23 U2 100 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 4409 EP 4430 DI 10.1002/2015WR017049 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CN3CK UT WOS:000358301200029 ER PT J AU Mccauley, LA Anteau, MJ van der Burg, MP Wiltermuth, MT AF Mccauley, Lisa A. Anteau, Michael J. van der Burg, Max Post Wiltermuth, Mark T. TI Land use and wetland drainage affect water levels and dynamics of remaining wetlands SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE consolidation drainage; isolated wetlands; migratory waterfowl; North Dakota; Prairie Pothole Region; wetland water levels ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; NORTH-DAKOTA; UPPER-MIDWEST; LESSER SCAUP; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; SOIL; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Depressional wetlands are productive and unique ecosystems found around the world. Their value is due, in part, to their dynamic nature, in which water levels fluctuate in response to climate, occasionally drying out. However, many wetlands have been altered by consolidation drainage, where multiple, smaller wetlands are drained into fewer, larger, wetlands causing higher water levels. We evaluated whether current (2003-2010) water surface areas were greater than historical (1937-1969) water surface areas of 141 randomly selected semipermanent and permanent wetlands across the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA. We also evaluated whether differences between historical and current hydrology of these wetlands were attributable to consolidation drainage. For each of these wetlands, we digitized water surface areas from aerial photography during historical and current eras. Our results indicated that water surface areas are currently 86% greater in sample wetlands than they were historically and that differences can be attributed to consolidation drainage. Water surface areas of consolidated wetlands in extensively drained landscapes were 197% greater than those with no drainage and now require more extreme drought conditions to dry out. Wetlands in extensively drained catchments were larger, dry out less frequently, and have more surface-water connections to other wetlands via ditches. These factors make conditions more favorable for the presence of fish that decrease abundances of aquatic invertebrates and reduce the productivity and quality of these wetlands for many species. Our results support the idea that intact wetlands serve an important role in water storage and groundwater recharge and reduce down-stream runoff. C1 [Mccauley, Lisa A.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Anteau, Michael J.; van der Burg, Max Post; Wiltermuth, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mccauley, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 213 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lmccauley32@gmail.com OI Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194; Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative and USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. We would like to thank Alex Lawton and Peter Mockus for collecting aerial photos and providing GIS data assistance. Stuart Blotter, the FSA and NRCS offices of North Dakota, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team, Midwest Region (Sue Kvas) provided historical aerial photographs. Support and advice was provided by Mike Szymanski, Erik Scherff, Wes Newton, Terry Shaffer, Jane Austin, Rhianna Golden, Mark Sherfy, and Josh Stafford. The International Water Institute provided LiDAR data and advice on methods. David Ward and Keith Metzger provided assistance in acquiring the IfSAR data. This manuscript was improved by the contribution of two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 AR 92 DI 10.1890/ES14-00494.1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN4XH UT WOS:000358433300004 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Fuller, AK Rosenblatt, DL AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Fuller, Angela K. Rosenblatt, Daniel L. TI Climate-smart management of biodiversity SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE adaptation; biodiversity conservation; climate change; climate overlap; northeastern United States; velocity; vulnerability ID CONSERVATION STRATEGY; EXTINCTION RISK; ADAPTATION; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROREFUGIA; ENVIRONMENTS; SCENARIOS; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB Determining where biodiversity is likely to be most vulnerable to climate change and methods to reduce that vulnerability are necessary first steps to incorporate climate change into biodiversity management plans. Here, we use a spatial climate change vulnerability assessment to (1) map the potential vulnerability of terrestrial biodiversity to climate change in the northeastern United States and (2) provide guidance on how and where management actions for biodiversity could provide long-term benefits under climate change (i.e., climate-smart management considerations). Our model suggests that biodiversity will be most vulnerable in Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia due to the combination of high climate change velocity, high landscape resistance, and high topoclimate homogeneity. Biodiversity is predicted to be least vulnerable in Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire because large portions of these states have low landscape resistance, low climate change velocity, and low topoclimate homogeneity. Our spatial climate-smart management considerations suggest that: (1) high topoclimate diversity could moderate the effects of climate change across 50% of the region; (2) decreasing local landscape resistance in conjunction with other management actions could increase the benefit of those actions across 17% of the region; and (3) management actions across 24% of the region could provide long-term benefits by promoting short-term population persistence that provides a source population capable of moving in the future. The guidance and framework we provide here should allow conservation organizations to incorporate our climate-smart management considerations into management plans without drastically changing their approach to biodiversity conservation. C1 [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rosenblatt, Daniel L.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources Bur Wildlife, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 211 Biology Pharm Bldg, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM christopher.nadeau@uconn.edu FU New York Department of Environmental Conservation through New York State Wildlife Grants program grant by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sportfish Restoration Program [T-18] FX The New York Department of Environmental Conservation provided funding through New York State Wildlife Grants program grant T-18 awarded to New York State by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sportfish Restoration Program. Patty Riexinger, Gordon Batcheller, and Patrick Sullivan provided useful guidance. We obtained climate data from Arthur DeGaetano at the Northeast Regional Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 AR 91 DI 10.1890/ES15-00069.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN4XH UT WOS:000358433300003 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Woodworth, BL Atkinson, CT Hart, PJ LaPointe, DA AF Samuel, Michael D. Woodworth, Bethany L. Atkinson, Carter T. Hart, Patrick J. LaPointe, Dennis A. TI Avian malaria in Hawaiian forest birds: infection and population impacts across species and elevations SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; Bayesian state-space models; Culex quinquefasciatus; disease mortality; Hawaii; Hemignathus virens; Himatione sanguinea; mosquitoes; Plasmodium relictum; multistate model; Vestiaria coccinea; wildlife disease ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; APAPANE HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; AMAKIHI HEMIGNATHUS-VIRENS; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; ENDEMIC MALARIA; BLOOD PARASITES; BORNE DISEASES AB Wildlife diseases can present significant threats to ecological systems and biological diversity, as well as domestic animal and human health. However, determining the dynamics of wildlife diseases and understanding the impact on host populations is a significant challenge. In Hawai'i, there is ample circumstantial evidence that introduced avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) has played an important role in the decline and extinction of many native forest birds. However, few studies have attempted to estimate disease transmission and mortality, survival, and individual species impacts in this distinctive ecosystem. We combined multi-state capture-recapture (longitudinal) models with cumulative age-prevalence (cross-sectional) models to evaluate these patterns in Apapane, Hawai'i Amakihi, and Iiwi in low-, mid-, and high-elevation forests on the island of Hawai'i based on four longitudinal studies of 3-7 years in length. We found species-specific patterns of malaria prevalence, transmission, and mortality rates that varied among elevations, likely in response to ecological factors that drive mosquito abundance. Malaria infection was highest at low elevations, moderate at mid elevations, and limited in high-elevation forests. Infection rates were highest for Iiwi and Apapane, likely contributing to the absence of these species in low-elevation forests. Adult malaria fatality rates were highest for Iiwi, intermediate for Amakihi at mid and high elevations, and lower for Apapane; low-elevation Amakihi had the lowest malaria fatality, providing strong evidence of malaria tolerance in this low-elevation population. Our study indicates that hatch-year birds may have greater malaria infection and/or fatality rates than adults. Our study also found that mosquitoes prefer feeding on Amakihi rather than Apapane, but Apapane are likely a more important reservoir for malaria transmission to mosquitoes. Our approach, based on host abundance and infection rates, may be an effective alternative to mosquito blood meal analysis for determining vector-host contacts when mosquito densities are low and collection of blood-fed mosquitoes is impractical. Our study supports the hypothesis that avian malaria has been a primary factor influencing the elevational distribution and abundance of these three species, and likely limits other native Hawaiian species that are susceptible to malaria. C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Woodworth, Bethany L.; Atkinson, Carter T.; LaPointe, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawai Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Hart, Patrick J.] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU U.S. Geological Survey's Wildlife, Invasive Species, and Natural Resource Protection Programs; National Science Foundation [DEB0083944] FX This research was funded through the U.S. Geological Survey's Wildlife, Invasive Species, and Natural Resource Protection Programs and a Biocomplexity grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB0083944). We also wish to thank our technical staff, postdoctoral researchers, and numerous research interns whose hard work and dedication made this research possible. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the animal care and use protocols approved at the University of Hawai'i, Manoa. E. Paxton and V. Henaux provided many valuable comments that improved the paper. The Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison provide assistance with publication costs. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 22 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 AR 104 DI 10.1890/ES14-00393.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN4XH UT WOS:000358433300016 ER PT J AU Masteller, CC Finnegan, NJ Warrick, JA Miller, IM AF Masteller, Claire C. Finnegan, Noah J. Warrick, Jonathan A. Miller, Ian M. TI Kelp, cobbles, and currents: Biologic reduction of coarse grain entrainment stress SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING WAVE-FORCES; ROCK; FLOW; TRANSPORTATION; FLEXIBILITY; WASHINGTON; ORGANISMS; PARADIGM; SEAWEED; MOTION AB Models quantifying the onset of sediment motion do not typically account for the effect of biotic processes because they are difficult to isolate and quantify in relation to physical processes. Here we investigate an example of the interaction of kelp (Order Laminariales) and coarse sediment transport in the coastal zone, where it is possible to directly quantify and test its effect. Kelp is ubiquitous along rocky coastlines and the impact on ecosystems has been well studied. We develop a physical model to explore the reduction in critical shear stress of large cobbles colonized by Nereocystis luetkeana, or bull kelp. Observations of coarse sediment motion at a site in the Strait of Juan de Fuca (northwest United States-Canada boundary channel) confirm the model prediction and show that kelp reduces the critical stress required for transport of a given grain size by as much as 92%, enabling annual coarse sediment transport rates comparable to those of fluvial systems. We demonstrate that biology is fundamental to the physical processes that shape the coastal zone in this setting. C1 [Masteller, Claire C.; Finnegan, Noah J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Miller, Ian M.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Washington, DC 98105 USA. RP Masteller, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. OI Masteller, Claire/0000-0002-6830-7223 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1339067]; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Puget Sound Partnership-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This material is based upon work supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship grant DGE-1339067. We thank Melissa Foley of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) office in Santa Cruz for supplying acoustic Doppler current profiler photos. Jessica Lacy provided a review of an earlier version of this paper. Tripods were funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and a grant from the Puget Sound Partnership-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We appreciate the thoughtful comments of three anonymous reviewers, which greatly benefited this work. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 6 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1130/G36616.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CN6VN UT WOS:000358572600025 ER PT J AU Rimondi, V Chiarantini, L Lattanzi, P Benvenuti, M Beutel, M Colica, A Costagliola, P Di Benedetto, F Gabbani, G Gray, JE Pandeli, E Pattelli, G Paolieri, M Ruggieri, G AF Rimondi, Valentina Chiarantini, Laura Lattanzi, Pierfranco Benvenuti, Marco Beutel, Marc Colica, Antonella Costagliola, Pilario Di Benedetto, Francesco Gabbani, Giuliano Gray, John E. Pandeli, Enrico Pattelli, Giulia Paolieri, Mario Ruggieri, Giovanni TI Metallogeny, exploitation and environmental impact of the Mt. Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy) SO ITALIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mt. Amiata Hg district; ore geology; environmental impact ID CINNABAR MINING AREA; GEOTHERMAL POWER-PLANTS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; MONTE AMIATA; MOUNT AMIATA; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CHLORALKALI PLANT; RIVER-BASIN AB The Mt. Amiata mining district (Southern Tuscany, Italy) is a world class Hg district, with a cumulate production of more than 100,000 tonnes of Hg, mostly occurring between 1870 and 1980. The Hg mineralization at Mt. Amiata is younger than 0.3 Ma, and is directly related to shallow hydrothermal systems similar to present-day geothermal fields of the region. There is likely a continuum of Hg deposition to present day, because Hg emission from geothermal power plants is on-going. In this sense, the Mt. Amiata deposits present some analogies with "hot-spring type" deposits of western USA, although an ore deposit model for the district has not been established. Specifically, the source of Hg remains highly speculative. The mineralizing hydrothermal fluids are of low temperature, and of essentially meteoric origin. Recent results by our research group indicate that, 30 years after mine closure, the environmental effects of Hg contamination related to mining are still recorded by the ecosystem, namely on waterways of the Paglia and Tiber River basins. In particular, the close spatial connection between the town of Abbadia San Salvatore, the Hg mine within its immediate neighborhood, and the drainage catchment of the Paglia River has an influence also on Hg speciation, transported mainly in the particulate form by the river system. The extent of Hg contamination has been identified at least 100 km from Abbadia San Salvatore along the Paglia-Tiber River system. Estimated annual Hg mass loads transported by the Paglia River to the Tiber River were about 11 kg yr(-1). However, there is evidence that flood events may enhance Hg mobilization in the Paglia River basin, increasing Hg concentrations in stream sediment. The high methyl-Hg/Hg ratio in water in this area is an additional factor of great concern due to the potential harmful effects on human and wildlife health. Results of our studies indicate that the Mt. Amiata region is at present a source of Hg of remarkable environmental concern at the local, regional (Tiber River), and Mediterranean scales. Ongoing studies are aimed to a more detailed quantification of the Hg mass load input to the Mediterranean Sea, and to unravel the processes concerning Hg transport and fluid dynamics. C1 [Rimondi, Valentina; Chiarantini, Laura; Benvenuti, Marco; Colica, Antonella; Costagliola, Pilario; Di Benedetto, Francesco; Gabbani, Giuliano; Pandeli, Enrico; Pattelli, Giulia; Paolieri, Mario] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Lattanzi, Pierfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Chim & Geol, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. [Beutel, Marc] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gray, John E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ruggieri, Giovanni] CNR, Ist Geosci & Georisorse, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Benvenuti, M (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM mabenvenuti@unifi.it RI BENVENUTI, MARCO/K-6458-2015; Di Benedetto, Francesco/L-3044-2015; Lattanzi, Pierfranco/A-5817-2012; OI BENVENUTI, MARCO/0000-0003-1344-8421; Di Benedetto, Francesco/0000-0001-6755-8816; Lattanzi, Pierfranco/0000-0003-4352-2709; RUGGIERI, GIOVANNI/0000-0002-1188-1996; Rimondi, Valentina/0000-0002-1249-6563 FU MIUR PRIN [2010MKHT9B] FX This study was financially supported by MIUR PRIN 2010-2011 (grant 2010MKHT9B to P. Costagliola and P. Lattanzi). Authors wish to thank Daniele Rappuoli and Marcello Niccolini (Municipality of Abbadia San Salvatore), Marco S. Nannucci and A. Salvadori (Tuscan Regional Government), as well as the Hydrographic Service of the Umbria Regional Government for their assistance during the fieldwork. Francesca Dughetti (Universita di Firenze) and Elena Esposito (Universita di Cagliari) are also gratefully thanked for their assistance during analytical work. We thank Andrea Dini (IGG-CNR, Pisa) for the excellent photographs of minerals. This research was accomplished thanks to the scientific instruments provided by the Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze to the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (Universita di Firenze). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Maria Boni, Marilena Moroni, Rich Wanty, and two journal reviewers for useful suggestions. NR 116 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC GEOLOGICA ITALIANA PI ROME PA UNIV DEGLI STUDI LA SAPIENZA, DIPART SCI DELLA TERRA, PIAZZALE ALDO MORO 5, ROME, I-00185, ITALY SN 2038-1719 EI 2038-1727 J9 ITAL J GEOSCI JI Ital. J. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 134 IS 2 BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.3301/IJG.2015.02 PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN1LK UT WOS:000358181300009 ER PT J AU Aldinger, KR Terhune, TM Wood, PB Buehler, DA Bakermans, MH Confer, JL Flaspohler, DJ Larkin, JL Loegering, JP Percy, KL Roth, AM Smalling, CG AF Aldinger, Kyle R. Terhune, Theron M., II Wood, Petra B. Buehler, David A. Bakermans, Marja H. Confer, John L. Flaspohler, David J. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Loegering, John P. Percy, Katie L. Roth, Amber M. Smalling, Curtis G. TI Variables associated with nest survival of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) among vegetation communities commonly used for nesting SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; daily survival rate; management; vegetation ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FLEDGING SUCCESS; FOREST ECOTONES; PREDATION RISK; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; COVER; EFFICIENCY; HABITATS; PLOTS AB Among shrubland-and young forest-nesting bird species in North America, Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) are one of the most rapidly declining partly because of limited nesting habitat. Creation and management of high quality vegetation communities used for nesting are needed to reduce declines. Thus, we examined whether common characteristics could be managed across much of the Golden-winged Warbler's breeding range to increase daily survival rate (DSR) of nests. We monitored 388 nests on 62 sites throughout Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. We evaluated competing DSR models in spatial-temporal (dominant vegetation type, population segment, state, and year), intraseasonal (nest stage and time-within-season), and vegetation model suites. The best-supported DSR models among the three model suites suggested potential associations between daily survival rate of nests and state, time-within-season, percent grass and Rubus cover within 1 m of the nest, and distance to later successional forest edge. Overall, grass cover (negative association with DSR above 50%) and Rubus cover (DSR lowest at about 30%) within 1 m of the nest and distance to later successional forest edge (negative association with DSR) may represent common management targets across our states for increasing Golden-winged Warbler DSR, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains population segment. Context-specific adjustments to management strategies, such as in wetlands or areas of overlap with Blue-winged Warblers (Vermivora cyanoptera), may be necessary to increase DSR for Golden-winged Warblers. C1 [Aldinger, Kyle R.] W Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra B.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Buehler, David A.; Percy, Katie L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bakermans, Marja H.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Worcester, MA USA. [Confer, John L.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Flaspohler, David J.; Roth, Amber M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Loegering, John P.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Dept, Crookston, MN USA. [Smalling, Curtis G.] Audubon North Carolina, Mt Off, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Aldinger, KR (reprint author), 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM kaldinge@mix.wvu.edu FU Audubon North Carolina; Bald Eagle State Park - Pennsylvania; Blue Ridge Conservancy; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; EcoQuest Travel; Garden Club of America; Grace Jones Richardson Trust; Habitat Forever; Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Michigan Technological University; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Science Foundation; North Carolina State Parks; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Oneida County Forests; Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Potlatch Corporation; Ruffed Grouse Society; Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Ornithological Society; Nature Conservancy; Tomahawk Timberlands; University of Minnesota; University of Tennessee; U.S. Forest Service Monongahela National Forest; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program; U.S. Natural Resource Conservation Service; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Focus on Energy; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Society of Ornithology; Indiana University of Pennsylvania [03-0708]; Ithaca College [SO2-4]; Michigan Technological University [L0111, L0200]; University of Minnesota [0710A19381]; University of Tennessee [561-1101]; West Virginia University [07-0303, 10-0201] FX We thank the many supporters of this research, including Audubon North Carolina, Bald Eagle State Park - Pennsylvania, Blue Ridge Conservancy, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, C. Paynter, D. Paynter, EcoQuest Travel, Garden Club of America, Grace Jones Richardson Trust, Habitat Forever, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, J Roushdy, Michigan Technological University, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Science Foundation, North Carolina State Parks, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Oneida County Forests, Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Potlatch Corporation, Ruffed Grouse Society, Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Tennessee Ornithological Society, The Nature Conservancy, Tomahawk Timberlands, University of Minnesota, University of Tennessee, U.S. Forest Service Monongahela National Forest, U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program, U.S. Natural Resource Conservation Service, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Focus on Energy, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and Wisconsin Society of Ornithology We also thank the field assistants that worked tirelessly to find and monitor nests and measure associated vegetation. D. E. Andersen, ME. McDermott, S. M. Peterson, and H. M Streby provided extensive input and review on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We completed this study under the auspices of the following IACUC protocols: 03-0708 (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), SO2-4 (Ithaca College), L0111 and L0200 (Michigan Technological University), 0710A19381 (University of Minnesota), 561-1101 (University of Tennessee), and 07-0303 and 10-0201 (West Virginia University). Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 34 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.5751/ACE-00748-100106 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CM3ZA UT WOS:000357622700010 ER PT J AU Brook, RW Leafloor, JO Abraham, KF Douglas, DC AF Brook, Rodney W. Leafloor, James O. Abraham, Kenneth F. Douglas, David C. TI Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Canada goose; climate; density dependence; ecological mismatch; growth; plant phenology; survival ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION; BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; BLACK BRANT; BODY-SIZE; SALT-MARSH; LIFE-HISTORY; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FEEDING ECOLOGY AB The extent to which species are plastic in the timing of their reproductive events relative to phenology suggests how climate change might affect their demography. An ecological mismatch between the timing of hatch for avian species and the peak availability in quality and quantity of forage for rapidly growing offspring might ultimately affect recruitment to the breeding population unless individuals can adjust the timing of breeding to adapt to changing phenology. We evaluated effects of goose density, hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology, and weather indices on annual growth of pre-fledging Canada geese (Branta canadensis) from 1993-2010 at Akimiski Island, Nunavut. We found effects of both density and hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology; the earlier that eggs hatched relative to forage plant phenology, the larger the mean gosling size near fledging. Goslings were smallest in years when hatch was latest relative to forage plant phenology, and when local abundance of breeding adults was highest. We found no evidence for a trend in relative hatch timing, but it was apparent that in early springs, Canada geese tended to hatch later relative to vegetation phenology, suggesting that geese were not always able to adjust the timing of nesting as rapidly as vegetation phenology was advanced. Analyses using forage biomass information revealed a positive relationship between gosling size and per capita biomass availability, suggesting a causal mechanism for the density effect. The effects of weather parameters explained additional variation in mean annual gosling size, although total June and July rainfall had a small additive effect on gosling size. Modelling of annual first-year survival probability using mean annual gosling size as an annual covariate revealed a positive relationship, suggesting that reduced gosling growth negatively impacts recruitment. C1 [Brook, Rodney W.; Abraham, Kenneth F.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Cochrane, ON, Canada. [Leafloor, James O.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Brook, RW (reprint author), 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM rod.brook@ontario.ca FU Mississippi Flyway council; Arctic Goose Joint Venture; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Canadian Wildlife Service; Atlantic Flyway council FX We thank the staff at the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the many people who helped collect the data over many years. The Vegetation Index and Phenology Lab, University of Arizona (http://vip.arizona.edu) provided the daily mosaics of global MODIS NDVI data. We thank Lise Aubry and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank David Koons for his helpful suggestions for the survival analyses. Funding was provided by the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyway councils, Arctic Goose Joint Venture to the Hudson Bay Project, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Animal care permits were provided by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources animal care committee annually Annual wildlife research permits were provided by the Government of Nunavut. The Canadian Wildlife Service provided annual permits for banding and to conduct research in the Akimiski Island bird sanctuary The government of Nunavut provided annual wildlife research permits. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 41 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.5751/ACE-00708-100101 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CM3ZA UT WOS:000357622700001 ER PT J AU Morgan, LE Davidheiser-Kroll, B AF Morgan, Leah E. Davidheiser-Kroll, Brett TI Pressure disequilibria induced by rapid valve closure in noble gas extraction lines SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bellows valves; noble gas abundances; gas source mass spectrometry ID STANDARDS AB Pressure disequilibria during rapid valve closures can affect calculated molar quantities for a range of gas abundance measurements (e.g., K-Ar geochronology, (U-Th)/He geochronology, noble gas cosmogenic chronology). Modeling indicates this effect in a system with a 10 L reservoir reaches a bias of 1% before 1000 pipette aliquants have been removed from the system, and a bias of 10% before 10,000 aliquants. Herein we explore the causes and effects of this problem, which is the result of volume changes during valve closure. We also present a solution in the form of an electropneumatic pressure regulator that can precisely control valve motion. This solution reduces the effect to approximate to 0.3% even after 10,000 aliquants have been removed from a 10 L reservoir. C1 [Morgan, Leah E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morgan, Leah E.; Davidheiser-Kroll, Brett] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland. RP Morgan, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lemorgan@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1931 DI 10.1002/2015GC005823 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM9DV UT WOS:000358007800013 ER PT J AU Baughman, CA Mann, DH Verbyla, DL Kunz, ML AF Baughman, Carson A. Mann, Daniel H. Verbyla, David L. Kunz, Michael L. TI Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: Spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE soil organics; permafrost; ground temperature; chronosequence ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; YUKON-TERRITORY; RIVER-BASIN; THAW SLUMP; TUNDRA; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; CANADA; CRYOTURBATION AB Organic layers of living and dead vegetation cover the ground surface in many permafrost landscapes and play important roles in ecosystem processes. These soil surface organic layers (SSOLs) store large amounts of carbon and buffer the underlying permafrost and its contained carbon from changes in aboveground climate. Understanding the dynamics of SSOLs is a prerequisite for predicting how permafrost and carbon stocks will respond to warming climate. Here we ask three questions about SSOLs in a representative area of the Arctic Foothills region of northern Alaska: (1) What environmental factors control the thickness of SSOLs and the carbon they store? (2) How long do SSOLs take to develop on newly stabilized point bars? (3) How do SSOLs affect temperature in the underlying ground? Results show that SSOL thickness and distribution correlate with elevation, drainage area, vegetation productivity, and incoming solar radiation. A multiple regression model based on these correlations can simulate spatial distribution of SSOLs and estimate the organic carbon stored there. SSOLs develop within a few decades after a new, sandy, geomorphic surface stabilizes but require 500-700years to reach steady state thickness. Mature SSOLs lower the growing season temperature and mean annual temperature of the underlying mineral soil by 8 and 3 degrees C, respectively. We suggest that the proximate effects of warming climate on permafrost landscapes now covered by SSOLs will occur indirectly via climate's effects on the frequency, extent, and severity of disturbances like fires and landslides that disrupt the SSOLs and interfere with their protection of the underlying permafrost. C1 [Baughman, Carson A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Baughman, Carson A.; Verbyla, David L.; Kunz, Michael L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Extens, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Mann, Daniel H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Baughman, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cbaughman@usgs.gov FU Alaska Climate Science Center from the United States Geological Survey [G10AC00588]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0902169]; University of Alaska, Fairbanks Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (SNAP) FX This research was supported by the Alaska Climate Science Center, through Cooperative Agreement G10AC00588 from the United States Geological Survey, National Science Foundation grant ARC-0902169, and by the University of Alaska, Fairbanks Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (SNAP; www.snap.alaska.edu). Logistical support in the field came from the Bureau of Land Management's Arctic Field Office. We thank Connie Adkins, Pamela Groves, Curt Baughman, Amy Breen, and Nickoli Kalman for their assistance in the field. We thank Ben Jones, Miriam Jones, Stephen Tooth, Gary Michaelson, Dave Valentine, and Chen Liu Ping for technical support and stimulating discussions. All data are available upon request. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the USGS or the U.S. Government. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1150 EP 1164 DI 10.1002/2015JG002983 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CM8LM UT WOS:000357952400012 ER PT J AU MacGregor, JA Li, JL Paden, JD Catania, GA Clow, GD Fahnestock, MA Gogineni, SP Grimm, RE Morlighem, M Nandi, S Seroussi, H Stillman, DE AF MacGregor, Joseph A. Li, Jilu Paden, John D. Catania, Ginny A. Clow, Gary D. Fahnestock, Mark A. Gogineni, S. Prasad Grimm, Robert E. Morlighem, Mathieu Nandi, Soumyaroop Seroussi, Helene Stillman, David E. TI Radar attenuation and temperature within the Greenland Ice Sheet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL HEAT-FLUX; ECHO SOUNDING DATA; ANTARCTIC ICE; WEST ANTARCTICA; PENETRATING RADAR; EAST ANTARCTICA; BASAL MELT; RADIOFREQUENCY ATTENUATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NORTHEAST GREENLAND AB The flow of ice is temperature-dependent, but direct measurements of englacial temperature are sparse. The dielectric attenuation of radio waves through ice is also temperature-dependent, and radar sounding of ice sheets is sensitive to this attenuation. Here we estimate depth-averaged radar-attenuation rates within the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne radar-sounding data and its associated radiostratigraphy. Using existing empirical relationships between temperature, chemistry, and radar attenuation, we then infer the depth-averaged englacial temperature. The dated radiostratigraphy permits a correction for the confounding effect of spatially varying ice chemistry. Where radar transects intersect boreholes, radar-inferred temperature is consistently higher than that measured directly. We attribute this discrepancy to the poorly recognized frequency dependence of the radar-attenuation rate and correct for this effect empirically, resulting in a robust relationship between radar-inferred and borehole-measured depth-averaged temperature. Radar-inferred englacial temperature is often lower than modern surface temperature and that of a steady state ice-sheet model, particularly in southern Greenland. This pattern suggests that past changes in surface boundary conditions (temperature and accumulation rate) affect the ice sheet's present temperature structure over a much larger area than previously recognized. This radar-inferred temperature structure provides a new constraint for thermomechanical models of the Greenland Ice Sheet. C1 [MacGregor, Joseph A.; Catania, Ginny A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Li, Jilu; Paden, John D.; Gogineni, S. Prasad; Nandi, Soumyaroop] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Catania, Ginny A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fahnestock, Mark A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grimm, Robert E.; Stillman, David E.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO USA. [Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Seroussi, Helene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP MacGregor, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM joemac@ig.utexas.edu RI Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Morlighem, Mathieu/O-9942-2014; OI Morlighem, Mathieu/0000-0001-5219-1310; Grimm, Robert/0000-0002-7588-1194 FU NSF [ARC 1107753, 1108058, ANT 0424589]; NASA [NNX12AB71G] FX NSF (ARC 1107753 and 1108058; ANT 0424589) and NASA (NNX12AB71G) supported this work. We thank the organizations (Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment, Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, and Operation IceBridge) and innumerable individuals that both supported and performed the collection and processing of the radar data used in this study. We thank S. Anandakrishnan, K. Matsuoka, and D.P. Winebrenner for the inspiration for this work; the Centre for Ice and Climate for the DEP data; and L.C. Andrews, K. A. Christianson, C. Grima, J.C. Hiester, N. Holschuh, K. Thirumalai, and D. A. Young for valuable discussions. We thank Associate Editor J.N. Bassis, D.M. Schroeder, and an anonymous referee for valuable comments that improved this manuscript. Echo-intensity data will be archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; http://www.nsidc.org). NR 90 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 983 EP 1008 DI 10.1002/2014JF003418 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM8ZQ UT WOS:000357994400003 ER PT J AU Stearns, LA Hamilton, GS van der Veen, CJ Finnegan, DC O'Neel, S Scheick, JB Lawson, DE AF Stearns, L. A. Hamilton, G. S. van der Veen, C. J. Finnegan, D. C. O'Neel, S. Scheick, J. B. Lawson, D. E. TI Glaciological and marine geological controls on terminus dynamics of Hubbard Glacier, southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE glacier dynamics; calving processes; remote sensing; ice-ocean interactions ID TIDEWATER GLACIER; LECONTE GLACIER; MELT; GREENLAND; ADVANCE; USA; VELOCITY; CLIMATE; RETREAT; SYSTEM AB Hubbard Glacier, located in southeast Alaska, is the world's largest nonpolar tidewater glacier. It has been steadily advancing since it was first mapped in 1895; occasionally, the advance creates an ice or sediment dam that blocks a tributary fjord (Russell Fiord). The sustained advance raises the probability of long-term closure in the near future, which will strongly impact the ecosystem of Russell Fiord and the nearby community of Yakutat. Here, we examine a 43year record of flow speeds and terminus position to understand the large-scale dynamics of Hubbard Glacier. Our long-term record shows that the rate of terminus advance has increased slightly since 1895, with the exception of a slowed advance between approximately 1972 and 1984. The short-lived closure events in 1986 and 2002 were not initiated by perturbations in ice velocity or environmental forcings but were likely due to fluctuations in sedimentation patterns at the terminus. This study points to the significance of a coupled system where short-term velocity fluctuations and morainal shoal development control tidewater glacier terminus position. C1 [Stearns, L. A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Hamilton, G. S.; Scheick, J. B.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME USA. [van der Veen, C. J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Finnegan, D. C.; Lawson, D. E.] USACE Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [O'Neel, S.] USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Stearns, LA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM stearns@ku.edu FU NSF RAPID [NSF-OPP/ARC-094977] FX The supporting information list images used in this study to derive terminus area and ice velocity. Ice velocity and terminus data products are available on the CRREL glacier data repository: www.glacierresearch.org/locations/hubbard/satellite-data. This work was partially funded by an NSF RAPID grant awarded to D. Lawson (NSF-OPP/ARC-094977). The authors would also like to thank the community of Yakutat and the US Army Corps of Engineers-Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska. We thank Martin Truffer, Roman Motyka, and Jeremy Bassis for providing insightful edits that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/2014JF003341 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM8ZQ UT WOS:000357994400007 ER PT J AU Cushing, GE Okubo, CH Titus, TN AF Cushing, Glen E. Okubo, Chris H. Titus, Timothy N. TI Atypical pit craters on Mars: New insights from THEMIS, CTX, and HiRISE observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE pit; crater; cave; graben; dike; stope ID AIR-FLOW; CAVE; VOLCANO; SURFACE; PHOBOS; ORIGIN; SYSTEM; MODEL AB More than 100 pit craters in the Tharsis region of Mars exhibit morphologies, diameters, and thermal behaviors that diverge from the much larger bowl-shaped pit craters that occur in most regions across Mars. These Atypical Pit Craters (APCs) generally have sharp and distinct rims, vertical or overhanging walls that extend down to their floors, surface diameters of similar to 50-350m, and high depth to diameter (d/D) ratios that are usually greater than 0.3 (which is an upper range value for impacts and bowl-shaped pit craters) and can exceed values of 1.8. Observations by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) show that APC floor temperatures are warmer at night and fluctuate with much lower diurnal amplitudes than nearby surfaces or adjacent bowl-shaped pit craters. Klauea volcano, Hawai'i, hosts pit craters that formed through subsurface collapse into active volcanic dikes, resulting in pits that can appear morphologically analogous to either APCs or bowl-shaped pit craters. Partially drained dikes are sometimes exposed within the lower walls and floors of these terrestrial APC analogs and can form extensive cave systems with unique microclimates. Similar caves in Martian pit craters are of great interest for astrobiology. This study uses new observations by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and Context Camera to refine previous work where seven APCs were described from lower resolution THEMIS visible wavelength observations. Here we identify locations of 115 APCs, map their distribution across the Tharsis region, characterize their internal morphologies with high-resolution observations, and discuss possible formation mechanisms. C1 [Cushing, Glen E.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Cushing, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gcushing@usgs.gov FU Mars Odyssey THEMIS mission; NASA FX All images (visible and thermal infrared) used by this study are available to the public via NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) archive. All images can be accessed, viewed, and measured using the free JMARS planetary GIS tool (jmars.asu.edu). To view the full dynamic range of radiance data in spacecraft observations, the U.S. Geological Survey's Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) is also free to the public (isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov); ISIS can process and map-project raw image data and enables disparate data to be coanalyzed. Questions about any data contained herein can be directed to Glen Cushing (gcushing@usgs.gov). The locations plotted in Figure 8 are listed in the supporting information. The work reported here was assisted by funding from the Mars Odyssey THEMIS mission and by concurrent projects funded from NASA's Exobiology research program. APC targeting by the HiRISE team have been tremendously helpful. Data acquisition was aided by technical efforts from Eric MacLennan and Circe Verba. Conversations with Rosalyn Hayward, Paul Geissler, Laszlo Kestay, Danielle Wyrick, and Penny Boston provided many valuable insights and suggestions. We thank John Chappelow for a helpful and insightful external review. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1043 DI 10.1002/2014JE004735 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM8LB UT WOS:000357951300001 ER PT J AU Hyndman, RD McCrory, PA Wech, A Kao, H Ague, J AF Hyndman, R. D. McCrory, P. A. Wech, A. Kao, H. Ague, J. TI Cascadia subducting plate fluids channelled to fore-arc mantle corner: ETS and silica deposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE episodic tremor slip; fluids; fore-arc mantle corner ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH; QUARTZ VEIN SYSTEMS; NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; OCEANIC-CRUST; NORTHERN CASCADIA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; PERMEABILITY ANISOTROPY; SERPENTINITE SUBDUCTION; THERMAL CONSTRAINTS AB In this study we first summarize the constraints that on the Cascadia subduction thrust, there is a 70km gap downdip between the megathrust seismogenic zone and the Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS) that lies further landward; there is not a continuous transition from unstable to conditionally stable sliding. Seismic rupture occurs mainly offshore for this hot subduction zone. ETS lies onshore. We then suggest what does control the downdip position of ETS. We conclude that fluids from dehydration of the downgoing plate, focused to rise above the fore-arc mantle corner, are responsible for ETS. There is a remarkable correspondence between the position of ETS and this corner along the whole margin. Hydrated mineral assemblages in the subducting oceanic crust and uppermost mantle are dehydrated with downdip increasing temperature, and seismic tomography data indicate that these fluids have strongly serpentinized the overlying fore-arc mantle. Laboratory data show that such fore-arc mantle serpentinite has low permeability and likely blocks vertical expulsion and restricts flow updip within the underlying permeable oceanic crust and subduction shear zone. At the fore-arc mantle corner these fluids are released upward into the more permeable overlying fore-arc crust. An indication of this fluid flux comes from low Poisson's Ratios (and V-p/V-s) found above the corner that may be explained by a concentration of quartz which has exceptionally low Poisson's Ratio. The rising fluids should be silica saturated and precipitate quartz with decreasing temperature and pressure as they rise above the corner. C1 [Hyndman, R. D.; Kao, H.] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Hyndman, R. D.; Kao, H.] Univ Victoria, SEOS, Victoria, BC, Canada. [McCrory, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wech, A.] US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ague, J.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Hyndman, RD (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM rhyndman@nrcan.gc.ca NR 110 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 4344 EP 4358 DI 10.1002/2015JB011920 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CM8ZG UT WOS:000357993000020 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Liu, X DeAngelis, DL Ni, WM Wang, GG AF Zhang, Bo Liu, Xin DeAngelis, D. L. Ni, Wei-Ming Wang, G. Geoff TI Effects of dispersal on total biomass in a patchy, heterogeneous system: Analysis and experiment SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mathematical theory; Simulation modeling; Spatial heterogeneity; Laboratory experiment; Vegetation growth ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; PERMANENT SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; CAKILE-EDENTULA; SAND-DUNE; POPULATION; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY; DIFFUSION AB An intriguing recent result from mathematics is that a population diffusing at an intermediate rate in an environment in which resources vary spatially will reach a higher total equilibrium biomass than the population in an environment in which the same total resources are distributed homogeneously. We extended the current mathematical theory to apply to logistic growth and also showed that the result applies to patchy systems with dispersal among patches, both for continuous and discrete time. This allowed us to make specific predictions, through simulations, concerning the biomass dynamics, which were verified by a laboratory experiment. The experiment was a study of biomass growth of duckweed (Lemna minor Linn.), where the resources (nutrients added to water) were distributed homogeneously among a discrete series of water-filled containers in one treatment, and distributed heterogeneously in another treatment. The experimental results showed that total biomass peaked at an intermediate, relatively low, diffusion rate, higher than the total carrying capacity of the system and agreeing with the simulation model. The implications of the experiment to dynamics of source, sink, and pseudo-sink dynamics are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Bo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Liu, Xin] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, D. L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ni, Wei-Ming] Univ Minnesota, Sch Math, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ni, Wei-Ming] E China Normal Univ, Ctr Partial Differential Equat, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Wang, G. Geoff] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Zhang, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM bo@bio.miami.edu FU J. Gerry Curtis Plant Sciences Scholarships, Department of Biology, University of Miami; NSF FX This study was partially funded by J. Gerry Curtis Plant Sciences Scholarships, Department of Biology, University of Miami and NSF. We are thankful to Youpeng Zhao, Yujie Liu and Xinli Yan for their help of the experiment. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 EI 1879-3134 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 264 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.03.005 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA CN0ID UT WOS:000358096400006 PM 25817196 ER PT J AU Ryan, KJ Calhoun, AJK Timm, BC Zydlewski, JD AF Ryan, Kevin J. Calhoun, Aram J. K. Timm, Brad C. Zydlewski, Joseph D. TI Monitoring Eastern Spadefoot (Scaphiopus holbrookii) Response to Weather with the Use of a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) System SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COD NATIONAL SEASHORE; TOADS SCAPHIOPUS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SELECTION AB Eastern Spadefoots (Scaphiopus holbrookii) are probably one of the least-understood amphibian species in the United States. In New England, populations are localized and it is likely that some populations go undocumented because of the species' cryptic habits. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to monitor burrow emergence with the aid of continuously running, stationary (but portable) PIT tag readers. We monitored the activity of individual Eastern Spadefoots by placing circular antennae directly over burrows of PIT tag-implanted individuals. We monitored 18 Eastern Spadefoots from 1 to 84 nights in the spring, summer, and fall of 2009-2011. Our results indicate that, on average, Eastern Spadefoots emerged on 43% of the nights that they were monitored. Nights when Eastern Spadefoots emerged were warmer and more humid than nonemergence nights. Eastern Spadefoots were also much more likely to emerge on a given night if they had emerged the night before. Our results have improved the understanding of Eastern Spadefoot burrow-emergence patterns in the northeast region. Our findings may considerably enhance the prospect of employing nocturnal visual encounter surveys as a method for monitoring known, and detecting previously undocumented, populations of this species. C1 [Ryan, Kevin J.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Timm, Brad C.] Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. RP Ryan, KJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM kevin.j.ryan@maine.edu FU Lowe's Home Centers, Inc.; Connecticut State Wildlife Grants; Connecticut Endangered Species/Wildlife Income Tax Check-off Fund; University of Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative; University of Maine Department of Wildlife Ecology FX We thank T. Mahard and T. Mammone for their help in the field and lab. Fieldwork was sanctioned by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection of which we thank J. Dickson, K. Moran, and J. Victoria for their guidance and support. Handling of animals was conducted under University of Maine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Permits A2008-02-06 and A2011-02-01. We thank W. Halteman and C. Bohlen for statistical guidance, and M. Hunter, D. Harrison, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Special recognition goes to the Shinkiewicz family for very generously providing study sites and housing, to the Hicks/O'Neill family for providing housing and project advice and support, to M. Klemens for initiating the overall project, lending his invaluable experience with Eastern Spadefoots, and for contributing essential data to assist with this research, and to D. Quinn of CTHerpConsultant, LLC for partnering with the project and providing much useful research advice. Funding was provided by Lowe's Home Centers, Inc., Connecticut State Wildlife Grants, the Connecticut Endangered Species/Wildlife Income Tax Check-off Fund, the University of Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative, and the University of Maine Department of Wildlife Ecology. We thank I. Broadwater for serving as a liaison between a private funding source and the University of Maine. The use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station Paper 3390. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1670/12-230 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CM0IA UT WOS:000357360400014 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Cooley, SR Yates, KK Williamson, P AF Mathis, Jeremy T. Cooley, Sarah R. Yates, Kimberly K. Williamson, Phillip TI Introduction to this Special Issue on Ocean Acidification: THE PATHWAY FROM SCIENCE TO POLICY SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; GLOBAL CHANGE; CORAL-REEF; CALCIFICATION; 21ST-CENTURY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ORGANISMS; IMPACTS C1 [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Cooley, Sarah R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Williamson, Phillip] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 24 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700004 ER PT J AU Andersson, AJ Kline, DI Edmunds, PJ Archer, SD Bednarsek, N Carpenter, RC Chadsey, M Goldstein, P Grottoli, AG Hurst, TP King, AL Kubler, JE Kuffner, IB Mackey, KRM Menge, BA Paytan, A Riebesell, U Schnetzer, A Warner, ME Zimmerman, RC AF Andersson, Andreas J. Kline, David I. Edmunds, Peter J. Archer, Stephen D. Bednarsek, Nina Carpenter, Robert C. Chadsey, Meg Goldstein, Philip Grottoli, Andrea G. Hurst, Thomas P. King, Andrew L. Kuebler, Janet E. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Mackey, Katherine R. M. Menge, Bruce A. Paytan, Adina Riebesell, Ulf Schnetzer, Astrid Warner, Mark E. Zimmerman, Richard C. TI Understanding Ocean Acidification Impacts on Organismal to Ecological Scales SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CORAL-REEFS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; MARINE ORGANISMS; CALCIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOSYSTEM; PH; METAANALYSIS; MESOCOSM AB Ocean acidification (OA) research seeks to understand how marine ecosystems and global elemental cycles will respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry in combination with other environmental perturbations such as warming, eutrophication, and deoxygenation. Here, we discuss the effectiveness and limitations of current research approaches used to address this goal. A diverse combination of approaches is essential to decipher the consequences of OA to marine organisms, communities, and ecosystems. Consequently, the benefits and limitations of each approach must be considered carefully. Major research challenges involve experimentally addressing the effects of OA in the context of large natural variability in seawater carbonate system parameters and other interactive variables, integrating the results from different research approaches, and scaling results across different temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Andersson, Andreas J.; Kline, David I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Edmunds, Peter J.; Carpenter, Robert C.; Kuebler, Janet E.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Archer, Stephen D.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Bednarsek, Nina] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Chadsey, Meg] Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA USA. [Goldstein, Philip] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grottoli, Andrea G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [King, Andrew L.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Mackey, Katherine R. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Menge, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Menge, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Riebesell, Ulf] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Biol Oceanog, Kiel, Germany. [Schnetzer, Astrid] N Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Warner, Mark E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE USA. [Zimmerman, Richard C.] Old Dominion Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Andersson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aandersson@ucsd.edu; dkline@ucsd.edu OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 94 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700005 ER PT J AU Salisbury, J Vandemark, D Jonsson, B Balch, W Chakraborty, S Lohrenz, S Chapron, B Hales, B Mannino, A Mathis, JT Reul, N Signorini, SR Wanninkhof, R Yates, KK AF Salisbury, Joseph Vandemark, Douglas Joensson, Bror Balch, William Chakraborty, Sumit Lohrenz, Steven Chapron, Bertrand Hales, Burke Mannino, Antonio Mathis, Jeremy T. Reul, Nicolas Signorini, Sergio R. Wanninkhof, Rik Yates, Kimberly K. TI How Can Present and Future Satellite Missions Support Scientific Studies that Address Ocean Acidification? SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK TECHNIQUES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UPWELLING SYSTEM; TOTAL ALKALINITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; RIVER PLUME; CO2; PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBON AB Space-based observations offer unique capabilities for studying spatial and temporal dynamics of the upper ocean inorganic carbon cycle and, in turn, supporting research tied to ocean acidification (OA). Satellite sensors measuring sea surface temperature, color, salinity, wind, waves, currents, and sea level enable a fuller understanding of a range of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena that drive regional OA dynamics as well as the potentially varied impacts of carbon cycle change on a broad range of ecosystems. Here, we update and expand on previous work that addresses the benefits of space-based' assets for OA and carbonate system studies. Carbonate chemistry and the key processes controlling surface ocean OA variability are reviewed. Synthesis of present satellite data streams and their utility in this arena are discussed, as are opportunities on the horizon for using new satellite sensors with increased spectral, temporal, and/or spatial resolution. We outline applications that include the ability to track the biochemically dynamic nature of water masses, to map coral reefs at higher resolution, to discern functional phytoplankton groups and their relationships to acid perturbations, and to track processes that contribute to acid variation near the land-ocean interface. C1 [Salisbury, Joseph; Vandemark, Douglas] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Joensson, Bror] Princeton Univ, Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Balch, William] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Chakraborty, Sumit; Lohrenz, Steven] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA. [Chapron, Bertrand] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, Plouzane, France. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Ecol Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reul, Nicolas] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, La Seyne Sur Mer, France. [Signorini, Sergio R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Signorini, Sergio R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Salisbury, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM joe.salisbury@unh.edu RI Chapron, Bertrand/O-6527-2015; reul, nicolas/C-4895-2009; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014; OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975; Reul, Nicolas/0000-0003-4881-2967 FU NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry program [NNX14AL84G]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and Integrated Ocean Observing System programs, Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS) [A002004, USM-GR05194-001]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4303]; Pathfinder ESA-STSE Ocean Acidification; National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge our sponsors whose grants made this collaboration possible. The NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry program (particularly NNX14AL84G), the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and Integrated Ocean Observing System programs, including Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS) grants A002004 and USM-GR05194-001, Pathfinder ESA-STSE Ocean Acidification, and the National Science Foundation. Background and satellite images in Figure 1 are courtesy of NASA, except the GOCI satellite image, which is courtesy of the Korea Ocean Satellite Research Center and the SMOS satellite image, which is courtesy of the European Space Agency. Aquarius is a joint mission shared by NASA and CONAE. We appreciate the insightful critiques of Frank Muller-Karger, Nick Hardman-Mountford, and one anonymous reviewer, and thank Amy Ehntholt and Kristy Donahue for valuable help. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. We acknowledge funding support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL contribution number 4303). NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.35 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700013 ER PT J AU Cooley, SR Jewett, EB Reichert, J Robbins, L Shrestha, G Wieczorek, D Weisberg, SB AF Cooley, Sarah R. Jewett, Elizabeth B. Reichert, Julie Robbins, Lisa Shrestha, Gyami Wieczorek, Dan Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Getting Ocean Acidification on Decision Makers' To-Do Lists Dissecting the Process Through Case Studies SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RED KING CRAB; COASTAL ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; IMPACTS; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ORGANISMS; ECOSYSTEM; SCIENCE AB Much detailed, incremental knowledge being generated by current scientific research on ocean acidification (OA) does not directly address the need of decision makers, who are asking broad question such-as: Where will OA harm marine resources next? When will this happen? Who will be affected? And how much will it cost? In this review, we use a series of mainly US-based case studies to explore the needs of local to international-scale groups that are making decisions to address OA concerns. Decisions concerning OA have been made most naturally and easily when information needs were clearly defined and closely aligned with science outputs and initiatives. For decisions requiring more complex information, the process slows dramatically. Decision making about OA is greatly aided (1) when a mixture of specialists participates, including scientists, resource users and managers, and policy and law makers; (2) when goals can be clearly agreed upon at the beginning of the process; (3) when mixed groups of specialists plan and create translational documents explaining the likely outcomes of policy decisions on ecosystems and natural resources; (4) when regional work on OA fits into an existing set of priorities concerning climate or water quality; and (5) when decision making can be reviewed and enhanced. C1 [Cooley, Sarah R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Jewett, Elizabeth B.] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Reichert, Julie] Oyster Recovery Partnership, Annapolis, MD USA. [Robbins, Lisa] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Shrestha, Gyami] US Global Change Res Program, US Carbon Cycle Sci Program Off, Washington, DC USA. [Wieczorek, Dan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Cooley, SR (reprint author), Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM scooley@ocean-conservancy.org RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Shrestha, Gyami/F-9118-2014 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Shrestha, Gyami/0000-0001-7150-8731 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the other members of our discussion group at the 2013 OA Principal Investigators' Meeting in Washington, DC, and particularly those who contributed ideas and energy to the early draft of this paper: Hernan Garcia, Sherri Phillips, and Courtney Barry. We also thank three anonymous US Environmental Protection Agency employees, Nathaniel Plant (US Geological Survey), and Thomas Armstrong (formerly White House/USGCRP/DOI) for their input. Detailed and thoughtful reviews from Beth Phelan (NOAA), Carol Turley (Plymouth Marine Laboratory), Dorothee Herr (IUCN), and two other anonymous reviewers greatly improved the paper. This article was supported in part by an appointment with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 198 EP 211 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.42 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700020 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Turley, C Hopkinson, BM Todgham, AE Cross, JN Greening, H Williamson, P Van Hooidonk, R Deheyn, DD Johnson, Z AF Yates, Kimberly K. Turley, Carol Hopkinson, Brian M. Todgham, Anne E. Cross, Jessica N. Greening, Holly Williamson, Phillip Van Hooidonk, Ruben Deheyn, Dimitri D. Johnson, Zackary TI Transdisciplinary Science A Path to Understanding the Interactions Among Ocean Acidification, Ecosystem, and Society SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL ACIDIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB The global nature of ocean acidification (OA) transcends habitats, ecosystems, regions, and science disciplines. The scientific community recognizes that the biggest challenge in 'improving understanding of how changing OA conditions affect ecosystems, and associated consequences for human society, requires integration of experimental, observational, and modeling approaches from many disciplines over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Such transdisciplinary science is the next step in providing relevant, meaningful results and optimal guidance to policymakers and coastal managers. We discuss the challenges associated with integrating ocean acidification science across funding agencies, institutions, disciplines, topical areas, and regions, and the value of unifying science objectives and activities to deliver-insights into local, regional, and global scale impacts. We identify guiding principles and strategies for developing transdisciplinary research in the ocean acidification science community. C1 [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Turley, Carol] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Hopkinson, Brian M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Todgham, Anne E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cross, Jessica N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cross, Jessica N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Greening, Holly] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Williamson, Phillip] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Deheyn, Dimitri D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Johnson, Zackary] Duke Univ, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Durham, NC USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM kyates@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Zackary/E-4601-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI Johnson, Zackary/0000-0003-0793-8512; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU UK Ocean Acidification research programme; NERC; government department (Defra); government department (DECC); NSF [ANT-1142122] FX The authors would like to thank the members of our discussion group at the 2013 OA Principal Investigators Meeting in Washington, DC, for assisting with the development of concepts for this paper. We also thank Jack Kindinger and anonymous reviewers for comments on early drafts of the manuscript Betsy Boynton from the US Geological Survey assisted with graphics. CT and PW acknowledge support from the UK Ocean Acidification research programme, co-funded by national research funders (NERC) and government departments (Defra and DECC). Funding for research in ocean acidification was provided by NSF ANT-1142122 to AET. And use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.43 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700021 ER PT J AU Sinclair, JP Kashian, DM Bradford, JB Freeman, DC AF Sinclair, Jordan P. Kashian, Daniel M. Bradford, John B. Freeman, D. Carl TI Variation in Fractal Symmetry of Annual Growth in Aspen as an Indicator of Developmental Stability in Trees SO SYMMETRY-BASEL LA English DT Article ID STRESS; HEALTH; BEHAVIOR; HYPOTHESIS; DIMENSION; DISEASE; CORN AB Fractal symmetry is symmetry across scale. If one looks at a branch of a tree its branching pattern is reminiscent of the tree as a whole. Plants exhibit a number of different symmetries, including bilateral, rotational, translational, and fractal; deviations from each of these types has been associated with organisms developing in stressful environments. Here, we explore the utilization and meaning of fractal analysis on annual growth ring production in woody plants. Early detection of stress in plants is difficult and the compounding effects of multiple or severe stressors can lead to irreversible damage or death. Annual wood production was used to produce a time series for individuals from stands classified as either high vigor or low vigor (a general measure of health). As a measure of symmetry over time, the fractal dimension of each time series was determined and compared among vigor classes. We found that individuals obtained from low vigor sites had a significantly lower fractal dimension than those from high vigor sites. These results agree with patterns found in a variety of other organisms, and we argue that the reduced fractal dimension is related to a loss in system complexity of stressed individuals. C1 [Sinclair, Jordan P.; Kashian, Daniel M.; Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48208 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Sinclair, JP (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48208 USA. EM jrdnsnclr@gmail.com; dkash@wayne.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov; ad5728@wayne.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Forest Health Monitoring Program of the US Forest Service; Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank John H. Graham and an anonymous reviewer for their comments which greatly improved this manuscript. The data used in this study was collected under a Base Evaluation Monitoring Grant by the Forest Health Monitoring Program of the US Forest Service. Support for JPS was provided by a Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-8994 J9 SYMMETRY-BASEL JI Symmetry-Basel PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 354 EP 364 DI 10.3390/sym7020354 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CM2II UT WOS:000357502900006 ER PT J AU Kirsch, EM Wellik, MJ Suarez, M Diehl, RH Lutes, J Woyczik, W Krapfl, J Sojda, R AF Kirsch, Eileen M. Wellik, Michael J. Suarez, Manuel Diehl, Robert H. Lutes, Jim Woyczik, Wendy Krapfl, Jon Sojda, Richard TI Observation of Sandhill Cranes' (Grus canadensis) Flight Behavior in Heavy Fog SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis; Horicon National Wildlife Refuge; low visibility; marine radar ID POWER-LINES; COMMUNICATION TOWERS; AVIAN MORTALITY; BIRD MIGRATION; COLLISIONS; PLATFORM; RADAR; MASS AB The behaviors of birds flying in low visibility conditions remain poorly understood. We had the opportunity to monitor Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) flying in heavy fog with very low visibility during a comprehensive landscape use study of refuging cranes in the Horicon Marsh in southeastern Wisconsin. As part of the study, we recorded flight patterns of cranes with a portable marine radar at various locations and times of day, and visually counted cranes as they departed the roost in the morning. We compared flight patterns during a fog event with those recorded during clear conditions. In good visibility, cranes usually departed the night roost shortly after sunrise and flew in relatively straight paths toward foraging areas. In fog, cranes departed the roost later in the day, did not venture far from the roost, engaged in significantly more circling flight, and returned to the roost site rather than proceeding to foraging areas. We also noted that compared to mornings with good visibility, cranes flying in fog called more frequently than usual. The only time in this 2-year study that observers heard young of the year calling was during the fog event. The observed behavior of cranes circling and lingering in an area while flying in poor visibility conditions suggests that such situations may increase chances of colliding with natural or anthropogenic obstacles in the vicinity. C1 [Kirsch, Eileen M.; Wellik, Michael J.; Suarez, Manuel] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Lutes, Jim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Leopold Wetland Management Dist, Portage, WI 53901 USA. [Woyczik, Wendy; Krapfl, Jon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Horicon Natl Wildlife Refuge, Mayville, WI 53050 USA. [Sojda, Richard] US Geol Survey, Nothern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kirsch, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ekirsch@usgs.gov FU USGS Central Region FX We thank technicians Lana Raffensberger, Randall Malcolm, and Bob Kelso and volunteers Chris Olson and Jack Bartholomai for their help on this project. We thank the USGS Central Region for funding and Horicon National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 127 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CM5KN UT WOS:000357726800013 ER PT J AU Markewich, HW Litwin, RJ Wysocki, DA Pavich, MJ AF Markewich, Helaine W. Litwin, Ronald J. Wysocki, Douglas A. Pavich, Milan J. TI Synthesis on Quaternary aeolian research in the unglaciated eastern United States SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Late Quaternary; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Lower Mississippi Valley; Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain; Climate change; Landscape evolution ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; HOLOCENE DUNE ACTIVITY; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Late-middle and late Pleistocene, and Holocene, inland aeolian sand and loess blanket >90,000 km(2) of the unglaciated eastern United States of America (USA). Deposits are most extensive in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) and Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP), areas presently lacking significant aeolian activity. They provide evidence of paleoclimate intervals when wind erosion and deposition were dominant land-altering processes. This study synthesizes available data for aeolian sand deposits in the LMV, the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain (EGCP) and the ACP, and loess deposits in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP). Data indicate: (a) the most recent major aeolian activity occurred in response to and coincident with growth and decay of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS); (b) by similar to 40 ka, aeolian processes greatly influenced landscape evolution in all three regions; (c) aeolian activity peaked in OIS2; (d) OIS3 and OIS2 aeolian records are in regional agreement with paleoecological records; and (e) limited aeolian activity occurred in the Holocene (EGCP and ACP). Paleoclimate and atmospheric-circulation models (PCMs/ACMs) for the last glacial maximum (LGM) show westerly winter winds for the unglaciated eastern USA, but do not resolve documented W and SW winds in the SEACP and WNW and N winds in the MACP. The minimum areal extent of aeolian deposits in the EGCP and ACP is 10,000 km(2). For the LMV, it is >80,000 km(2). Based on these estimates, published PCMs/ACMs likely underrepresent the areal extent of LGM aeolian activity, as well as the extent and complexity of climatic changes during this interval. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Markewich, Helaine W.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Litwin, Ronald J.; Pavich, Milan J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wysocki, Douglas A.] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Markewich, HW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM helainem@usgs.gov; rlitwin@usgs.gov; doug.wysocki@lin.usda.gov; mpavich@usgs.gov FU Climate and Land Use Program; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported by the Climate and Land Use Program and the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We especially thank all the land owners who graciously allowed access to their properties. We gratefully acknowledge G.R. Buell and Jonathan Musser (USGS, Atlanta, Georgia) for GIS assistance. We thank Steven Hostetler (USGS, Corvallis, Oregon) for use of his unpublished model results. This manuscript benefited greatly from the reviews of Benjamin Hardt (USGS, Reston, Virginia) and David S. Leigh (University of Georgia, Athens, GA) and two anonymous reviewers. NR 322 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 BP 139 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.01.011 PG 53 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA CL7IW UT WOS:000357146700011 ER PT J AU Chaytor, JD ten Brink, US AF Chaytor, Jason D. ten Brink, Uri S. TI Event sedimentation in low-latitude deep-water carbonate basins, Anegada passage, northeast Caribbean SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PUERTO-RICO; ST-CROIX; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; TURBIDITE SEDIMENTATION; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; SUBMARINE SLOPES AB The Virgin Islands and Whiting basins in the Northeast Caribbean are deep, structurally controlled depocentres partially bound by shallow-water carbonate platforms. Closed basins such as these are thought to document earthquake and hurricane events through the accumulation of event layers such as debris flow and turbidity current deposits and the internal deformation of deposited material. Event layers in the Virgin Islands and Whiting basins are predominantly thin and discontinuous, containing varying amounts of reef-and slope-derived material. Three turbidites/sandy intervals in the upper 2 m of sediment in the eastern Virgin Islands Basin were deposited between ca. 2000 and 13 600 years ago, but do not extend across the basin. In the central and western Virgin Islands Basin, a structureless clay-rich interval is interpreted to be a unifite. Within the Whiting Basin, several discontinuous turbidites and other sand-rich intervals are primarily deposited in base of slope fans. The youngest of these turbidites is ca. 2600 years old. Sediment accumulation in these basins is low (<0.1 mm year(-1)) for basin adjacent to carbonate platform, possibly due to limited sediment input during highstand sea-level conditions, sediment trapping and/or cohesive basin walls. We find no evidence of recent sediment transport (turbidites or debris flows) or sediment deformation that can be attributed to the ca. M7.2 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake whose epicentre was located on the north wall of the Virgin Islands Basin or to recent hurricanes that have impacted the region. The lack of significant appreciable pebble or greater size carbonate material in any of the available cores suggests that submarine landslide and basin-wide blocky debris flows have not been a significant mechanism of basin margin modification in the last several thousand years. Thus, basins such as those described here may be poor recorders of past natural hazards, but may provide a long-term record of past oceanographic conditions in ocean passages. C1 [Chaytor, Jason D.; ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, USGS Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jchaytor@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677 NR 112 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-091X EI 1365-2117 J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 3 BP 310 EP 335 DI 10.1111/bre.12076 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM0UO UT WOS:000357394400004 ER PT J AU Boves, TJ Rodewald, AD Wood, PB Buehler, DA Larkin, JL Wigley, TB Keyser, PD AF Boves, Than J. Rodewald, Amanda D. Wood, Petra B. Buehler, David A. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Wigley, T. Bently Keyser, Patrick D. TI Habitat Quality From Individual- and Population-Level Perspectives and Implications for Management SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cerulean warbler; density-dependence; ecological trap; forest management; per capita productivity; population productivity; Setophaga cerulea; Tennessee ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; DENSITY; MOUNTAINS; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; FITNESS AB Many wildlife management prescriptions are either implicitly or explicitly designed to improve habitat quality for a focal species, but habitat quality is often difficult to quantify. Depending upon the approach used to define and identify high-quality habitat, management decisions may differ widely. Although individual-level measures of habitat quality based on per capita reproduction (e.g., average nesting success, number of young produced per pair) are most common in the literature, they may not align with population-level measures that reflect number of young produced within a defined area. Using data on the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea) collected in the Cumberland Mountains (Tennessee, USA; 2008-2010) as an example, we illustrate how lack of concordance between individual- and population-level measures of habitat quality can have real-world management implications. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Boves, Than J.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Rodewald, Amanda D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Wood, Petra B.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boves, TJ (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. EM tboves@astate.edu RI Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 FU Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, 2008-0009-000]; Nature Conservancy (through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Plan planning grant with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency) FX We are grateful to the many field assistants and students who worked tirelessly on this project. We thank M. Shumar, R. Vernocy, C. Boal, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. Research was supported by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant nos. 2005-0064-000, 2006-0042-000, 2007-0004-000, and 2008-0009-000); and the Nature Conservancy (through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Plan planning grant with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency). Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the Federal Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 39 IS 2 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1002/wsb.528 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CL3VR UT WOS:000356879900027 ER PT J AU Diaz, PH Fries, JN Bonner, TH Alexander, ML Nowlin, WH AF Diaz, Peter H. Fries, Joe N. Bonner, Timothy H. Alexander, Mara L. Nowlin, Weston H. TI Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE spring; river; endangered species; habitat management; amphibians; invertebrates; impoundment; sedimentation ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; CONSERVATION; FISH; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGY; SPRINGS; PLETHODONTIDAE; BRYOPHYTES; STREAMS AB Habitat loss is one of the most critical factors affecting the loss of species. However, habitat conservation of many threatened species is performed with incomplete information on habitat requirements and trophic ecology, thus presenting a challenge to designing and implementing recovery plans. The San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) is a federally threatened spring-associated organism whose geographic distribution is limited to the headwaters of the San Marcos River in Texas, USA. Although its designated critical habitat includes the headwaters and the first 50 m of the river, little is known of its habitat requirements or co-occurrence with benthic macroinvertebrates and macrophytes. This study examined mesohabitat associations of the salamander and patterns of co-occurrence with macrophytes and benthic invertebrates within its critical habitat. Surveys of mesohabitat characteristics were conducted during a one-year period and data were analysed to assess mesohabitat associations of the San Marcos salamander and patterns of co-occurrence with invertebrates and macrophytes. Salamanders were distributed throughout the critical habitat, but were almost exclusively found in mesohabitats containing cobble and gravel with coverage of Amblystegium and filamentous algae. The salamander did not exhibit consistent co-occurrence with specific invertebrates or macrophytes across the critical habitat, indicating that salamanders were probably selecting mesohabitats based on benthic substrate and not the biotic communities. Protection of a specific mesohabitat type within the critical habitat of the San Marcos salamander is likely to be one of the most important conservation measures, given that it accounts for similar to 7% of the total area within the designated critical habitat. These results also emphasize that habitat conservation plans for species at risk should consider that contemporary spatial distribution of species within habitats may be influenced not only by their evolutionary history but also by past and current human pressures. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Diaz, Peter H.; Bonner, Timothy H.; Nowlin, Weston H.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Fries, Joe N.; Alexander, Mara L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resource Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Nowlin, WH (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM wn11@txstate.edu FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) FX We would like to thank Francis (Chekka) Lash, Patricia Caccavale, Valentin (Val) Cantu, and Randy Gibson for their invaluable help with the field work and David Baumgardner for several invertebrate identification verifications. This project was funded through a grant from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The views expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1002/aqc.2559 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CL5CJ UT WOS:000356977100002 ER PT J AU Calef, MP Varvak, A McGuire, AD Chapin, FS Reinhold, KB AF Calef, M. P. Varvak, A. McGuire, A. D. Chapin, F. S., III Reinhold, K. B. TI Recent Changes in Annual Area Burned in Interior Alaska: The Impact of Fire Management SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE North America; Forest fires; Geographic information systems (GIS) ID BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SUPPRESSION; REGIME; REEXAMINATION; VEGETATION AB The Alaskan boreal forest is characterized by frequent extensive wildfires whose spatial extent has been mapped for the past 70 years. Simple predictions based on this record indicate that area burned will increase as a response to climate warming in Alaska. However, two additional factors have affected the area burned in this time record: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) switched from cool and moist to warm and dry in the late 1970s and the Alaska Fire Service instituted a fire suppression policy in the late 1980s. In this paper a geographic information system (GIS) is used in combination with statistical analyses to reevaluate the changes in area burned through time in Alaska considering both the influence of the PDO and fire management. The authors found that the area burned has increased since the PDO switch and that fire management drastically decreased the area burned in highly suppressed zones. However, the temporal analysis of this study shows that the area burned is increasing more rapidly in suppressed zones than in the unsuppressed zone since the late 1980s. These results indicate that fire policies as well as regional climate patterns are important as large-scale controls on fires over time and across the Alaskan boreal forest. C1 [Calef, M. P.; Varvak, A.] Soka Univ Amer, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Reinhold, K. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Calef, MP (reprint author), Soka Univ Amer, 1 Univ Dr, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 USA. EM mcalef@soka.edu FU Arctic System Science program at the National Science Foundation [OPP-0328282] FX We thank the Arctic System Science program at the National Science Foundation for their funding of the Human-Fire Interaction Project at the University of Alaska (OPP-0328282) and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Also, we thank Dorte Dissing for sharing her lightning data and insights and Scott Rupp for his detailed and constructive comments on several versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 19 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1175/EI-D-14-0025.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL6CM UT WOS:000357054900001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Green, CT Tick, GR AF Zhang, Yong Green, Christopher T. Tick, Geoffrey R. TI Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion controls transient anomalous transport in alluvial aquifer-aquitard complexes SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Molecular diffusion; Mass transfer; Alluvial settings; Sub-diffusion ID NON-FICKIAN TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; TIME BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; DISPERSION; SETTINGS; VELOCITY AB This study evaluates the role of the Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion in transient anomalous transport, which is one of the major knowledge gaps in anomalous transport, by combining Monte Carlo simulations and stochastic model analysis. Two alluvial settings containing either short- or long-connected hydrofacies are generated and used as media for flow and transport modeling. Numerical experiments show that 1) the Peclet number affects both the duration of the power-law segment of tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the transition rate from anomalous to Fickian transport by determining the solute residence time for a given low-permeability layer, 2) mechanical dispersion has a limited contribution to the anomalous characteristics of late-time transport as compared to molecular diffusion due to an almost negligible velocity in floodplain deposits, and 3) the initial source dimensions only enhance the power-law tail of the BTCs at short travel distances. A tempered stable stochastic (TSS) model is then applied to analyze the modeled transport Applications show that the time-nonlocal parameters in the TSS model relate to the Peclet number, P-e. In particular, the truncation parameter in the TSS model increases nonlinearly with a decrease in P-e, due to the decrease of the mean residence time, and the capacity coefficient increases with an increase in molecular diffusion which is probably due to the increase in the number of immobile particles. The above numerical experiments and stochastic analysis therefore reveal that the Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion controls transient anomalous transport in alluvial aquifer-aquitard complexes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yong; Tick, Geoffrey R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Zhang, Yong] Hohai Univ, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM yzhang264@ua.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-1025417, DMS-1460319]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University [2013490111]; University of Alabama FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-1025417 and DMS-1460319 and State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, under grant 2013490111. YZ was also partially funded by The University of Alabama. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations do not necessarily reflect the view of the funding agencies. We thank the Editor, one anonymous reviewer, and Tristan Wellman NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2015 VL 177 BP 220 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.04.001 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA CL1XQ UT WOS:000356738600019 PM 26001981 ER PT J AU West, A AF West, Amy TI Trimming the FAT for Seafloor Research in China Constructing a Tripod to Monitor Deep-Sea Sediment Movement SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP West, A (reprint author), USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 6 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CL3HW UT WOS:000356842000007 ER PT J AU Bridge, ES Kelly, JF Xiao, XM Batbayar, N Natsagdorj, T Hill, NJ Takekawa, JY Hawkes, LA Bishop, CM Butler, PJ Newman, SH AF Bridge, Eli S. Kelly, Jeffrey F. Xiao, Xiangming Batbayar, Nyambayar Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag Hill, Nichola J. Takekawa, John Y. Hawkes, Lucy A. Bishop, Charles M. Butler, Patrick J. Newman, Scott H. TI Stable Isotopes Suggest Low Site Fidelity in Bar-headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for Disease Transmission SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE annual cycle; Anser indicus; avian influenza; Bar-headed Goose; carbon; connectivity; deuterium; epidemiology; feather isotopes; molt ID H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA; COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; ANIMAL MIGRATION; LAKE WATER; HYDROGEN; VIRUS; BIRDS; MOVEMENTS; ASSIGNMENT AB Population connectivity is an important consideration in studies of disease transmission and biological conservation, especially with regard to migratory species. Determining how and when different subpopuladons intermingle during different phases of the annual cycle can help identify important geographical regions or features as targets for conservation efforts and can help inform our understanding of continental-scale disease transmission. In this study, stable isotopes of hydrogen and carbon in contour feathers were used to assess the degree of molt-site fidelity among Bar-headed Geese (Anser indicus) captured in north-central Mongolia. Samples were collected from actively molting Bar-headed Geese (n = 61), and some individual samples included both a newly grown feather (still in sheath) and an old, worn feather from the bird's previous molt (n = 21). Although there was no difference in mean hydrogen isotope ratios for the old and new feathers, the isotopic variance in old feathers was approximately three times higher than that of the new feathers, which suggests that these birds use different and geographically distant molting locations from year to year. To further test this conclusion, online data and modeling tools from the isoMAP website were used to generate probability landscapes for the origin of eachfeather. Likely molting locations were much more widespread for old feathers than for new feathers, which supports the prospect of low molt-site fidelity. This finding indicates that population connectivity would be greater than expected based on data from a single annual cycle, and that disease spread can be rapid even in areas like Mongolia where Bar-headed Geese generally breed in small isolated groups. C1 [Bridge, Eli S.; Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Batbayar, Nyambayar] Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr Mongolia, Bayanzurkh Duureg 210349, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Ornithol Lab, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. [Hill, Nichola J.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Hawkes, Lucy A.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England. [Bishop, Charles M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biosci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Butler, Patrick J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Newman, Scott H.] UN, Food & Agr Org, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Bridge, ES (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, 111 East Chesapeake St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM ebridge@ou.edu RI Batbayar, Nyambayar/N-7066-2015; Hawkes, Lucy/L-7407-2014; OI Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626; Hawkes, Lucy/0000-0002-6696-1862; Bridge, Eli/0000-0003-3453-2008 FU NIH/NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [3R01-TW005869]; ARRA U.S. Postdoctoral Scientist Administrative Supplement; National Science Foundation [DEB 0946685]; United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; Avian Influenza Program, Bangor University FX Isotope analyses and initial manuscript generation was supported by an NIH/NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (3R01-TW005869 to X. Xiao), which supported Bridge with an ARRA U.S. Postdoctoral Scientist Administrative Supplement. Bridge and Kelly also received support from the National Science Foundation (award DEB 0946685). Fieldwork was supported by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the USGS Western Ecological Research Center and Avian Influenza Program, Bangor University, and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Research on animals was conducted with the approval of the Animal Care and Use Committees of the USGS Western Ecological Center, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Protocol EE070200710), and the University of Oklahoma (Animal Use Statement R09-019). Feather collection was performed with permission from the Ministry of Nature and Environment of Mongolia, and feathers were shipped to the United States under permit number MC22124A-0 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Steven Schwarzbach and Annie Schultz for supportive roles in the project, our anonymous reviewers for many improvements to the manuscript and Hanna Vander Zanden for analytical advice. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CL0OT UT WOS:000356642700001 PM 27695389 ER PT J AU Anthony, T Riedle, JD East, MB Fillmore, B Ligon, DB AF Anthony, Travis Riedle, J. Daren East, Mitchell B. Fillmore, Brian Ligon, Day B. TI Monitoring of a Reintroduced Population of Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines: Cheloniidae; Macrochelys temminckii; growth; Oklahoma; survivorship ID MACROCHELYS-TEMMINCKII; CONSERVATION; TRANSLOCATION; SURVIVAL; OKLAHOMA; AMPHIBIANS; STRATEGIES; MOVEMENTS; MISSOURI; TORTOISE AB Reintroduction is a common management tool for conserving imperiled species, but many reintroductions have included little or no postrelease assessment of project success. The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a long-lived species that has experienced significant declines throughout its range, although suitable habitat remains. We report the findings of a reintroduction effort that was initiated in 2008 near the northwestern limit of the species' range. Two hundred forty-six M. temminckii were released into the Caney River and its tributary, Pond Creek, from 2008 to 2010. All turtles exhibited measurable growth by their first recapture 1-3 yrs after release, and no decline in body condition was observed, either in comparison to prerelease body condition or to the condition of animals in the same cohorts that remained in captivity. Apparent survival and recapture probabilities increased with age. Apparent survivorship values were higher for turtles released in the main channel of the Caney River, but recapture probabilities were higher in its tributary. Ultimately, survivorship values may have been influenced by low recapture rates and emigration, in addition to mortality. C1 [Anthony, Travis; Ligon, Day B.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Anthony, Travis] J Sargeant Reynolds Community Coll, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. [Riedle, J. Daren] Environm Planning Grp, Phoenix, AZ 85018 USA. [East, Mitchell B.] Univ New Mexico, Nat Heritage New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fillmore, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tishomingo Natl Fish Hatchery, Tishomingo, OK 73460 USA. RP Riedle, JD (reprint author), Environm Planning Grp, Phoenix, AZ 85018 USA. EM tanthony.wildlife@gmail.com; driedle@epgaz.com; eastm@unm.edu; brian_fillmore@fws.gov; dayligon@missouristate.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 26 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK8ZM UT WOS:000356529000006 ER PT J AU Nguyen, U Glenn, EP Nagler, PL Scott, RL AF Uyen Nguyen Glenn, Edward P. Nagler, Pamela L. Scott, Russell L. TI Long-term decrease in satellite vegetation indices in response to environmental variables in an iconic desert riparian ecosystem: the Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE San Pedro River; Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed; climate change; evapotranspiration; woody shrub encroachment; NDVI; enhanced vegetation index ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLUX TOWERS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RIVER; TRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; FOREST; MODIS; WATER; SOIL AB The Upper San Pedro River is one of the few remaining undammed rivers that maintain a vibrant riparian ecosystem in the southwest United States. However, its riparian forest is threatened by diminishing groundwater and surface water inputs, due to either changes in watershed characteristics such as changes in riparian and upland vegetation, or human activities such as regional groundwater pumping. We used satellite vegetation indices to quantify the green leaf density of the groundwater-dependent riparian forest from 1984 to 2012. The river was divided into a southern, upstream (mainly perennial flow) reach and a northern, downstream (mainly intermittent and ephemeral flow) reach. Pre-monsoon (June) Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values showed a 20% drop for the northern reach (P<0001) and no net change for the southern reach (P>005). NDVI and enhanced vegetation index values were positively correlated (P<005) with river flows, which decreased over the study period in the northern reach, and negatively correlated (P<005) with air temperatures in both reaches, which have increased by 14 degrees C from 1932 to 2012. NDVI in the uplands around the river did not increase from 1984 to 2012, suggesting that increased evapotranspiration in the uplands was not a factor in reducing river flows. Climate change, regional groundwater pumping, changes in the intensity of monsoon rain events and lack of overbank flooding are feasible explanations for deterioration of the riparian forest in the northern reach. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Uyen Nguyen; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 1177 E 4th St,POB 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUN PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 610 EP 625 DI 10.1002/eco.1529 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CL0JN UT WOS:000356628900007 ER PT J AU Falk, BG Glor, RE Perkins, SL AF Falk, Bryan G. Glor, Richard E. Perkins, Susan L. TI Clonal reproduction shapes evolution in the lizard malaria parasite Plasmodium floridense SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cryptic species; genetic variation; Haemosporidia; preponderant clonal evolution; recent speciation ID BAYESIAN SPECIES DELIMITATION; AVIAN MALARIA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR CLOCK; BLOOD PARASITES; LIFE-HISTORY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CULEX-ERRATICUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; MULTIPLE LOCI AB The preponderant clonal evolution hypothesis (PCE) predicts that frequent clonal reproduction (sex between two clones) in many pathogens capable of sexual recombination results in strong linkage disequilibrium and the presence of discrete genetic subdivisions characterized by occasional gene flow. We expand on the PCE and predict that higher rates of clonal reproduction will result in: (1) morphologically cryptic species that exhibit (2) low within-species variation and (3) recent between-species divergence. We tested these predictions in the Caribbean lizard malaria parasite Plasmodium floridense using 63 single-infection samples in lizards collected from across the parasite's range, and sequenced them at two mitochondrial, one apicoplast, and five nuclear genes. We identified 11 provisionally cryptic species within P. floridense, each of which exhibits low intraspecific variation and recent divergence times between species (some diverged approximately 110,000 years ago). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that clonal reproduction can profoundly affect diversification of species capable of sexual recombination, and suggest that clonal reproduction may have led to a large number of unrecognized pathogen species. The factors that may influence the rates of clonal reproduction among pathogens are unclear, and we discuss how prevalence and virulence may relate to clonal reproduction. C1 [Falk, Bryan G.; Perkins, Susan L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Falk, Bryan G.; Perkins, Susan L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Glor, Richard E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Glor, Richard E.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Glor, Richard E.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Falk, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Daniel Beard Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk,40001 SR 9336, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. EM bryanfalk@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1210547]; Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund (American Museum of Natural History); Explorer's Club FX C. Crawford, S. DeGroy, A. Florio, and S. Wilkinson provided assistance in the field. Permission to conduct fieldwork and collect specimens was granted by the Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales (Puerto Rico), the National Environment and Planning Agency (Jamaica), the Secretaria de Estado de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (the Dominican Republic), the Saba Conservation Foundation (Saba), U.S. Fish and Wildlife (U.S. Virgin Islands). The authors thank M. Siddall and A. O. Figuero for facilitating fieldwork and permitting in Mexico, J. Brocca and L. Mahler for facilitating permitting in the Dominican Republic, and R. Platenberg for logistical advice in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Financial support to BGF was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1210547), the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund (American Museum of Natural History), and the Explorer's Club. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1596 DI 10.1111/evo.12683 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CL1AU UT WOS:000356675400017 PM 25959003 ER PT J AU Gutting, A Zettler, JA Zettler, LW Richardson, LW AF Gutting, Amy Zettler, Jennifer A. Zettler, Lawrence W. Richardson, Larry W. TI An update on mealybugs and scale insects (Hemiptera) on native epiphytic orchids in South Florida, including a new record for Pseudococcus microcirculus (Pseudococcidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE orchid mealybug; Diaspis boisduvalii; epiphytic orchids; Prosthechea cochleata; Epidendrum spp. Boisduval scale ID BOISDUVAL SCALE; DIASPIDIDAE AB We provide the first published record that populations of the orchid mealybug, Pseudococcus microcirculus McKenzie (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), occur on epiphytic orchids in both the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the Fakahatchee Swamp in the Big Cypress Basin eco-region of South Florida. In California, this mealybug has been a pest of orchids in greenhouses and was the target of state quarantine and eradication efforts in 1962. To date, no published records have documented P. microcirculus on orchids in either California's or Florida's natural habitats. In 2013, 322 epiphytic orchids were surveyed to document scale and mealybug levels. Pseudococcus microcirculus was found on 5 endangered epiphytic orchid taxa, and 8 (2.5%) individual plants harbored another greenhouse pest, Boisduval scale Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a species sometimes associated with orchids. How these invasive species were able to establish in these State-protected regions is unknown. With active orchid restoration efforts currently underway in these and other important orchid habitats, efforts should be made to prevent the further spread of these plant parasites. C1 [Gutting, Amy; Zettler, Jennifer A.] Armstrong State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. [Zettler, Lawrence W.] Illinois Coll, Dept Biol, Orchid Recovery Program, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. [Richardson, Larry W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther & Ten Thousand Islands Natl Wildl, Naples, FL 34114 USA. RP Zettler, JA (reprint author), Armstrong State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM jennifer.zettler@armstrong.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 98 IS 2 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA CK7XY UT WOS:000356451400001 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Baumsteiger, J Ardren, WR Dettlaff, Y Hawkins, DK Van Doornik, DM AF Smith, Christian T. Baumsteiger, Jason Ardren, William R. Dettlaff, Yvonne Hawkins, Denise K. Van Doornik, Donald M. TI Eliminating Variation in Age at Spawning Leads to Genetic Divergence Within a Single Salmon Population SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; hatchery; jack; microsatellite ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH POPULATIONS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; WILD POPULATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EFFECTIVE SIZE AB Most coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Washington state spawn at 3 y of age, creating the potential for three temporal populations or "broodlines" at each spawning site. This is generally prevented by a portion of males in each site that mature and reproduce at 2 y of age, resulting in population structure in which the geographic component is stronger than the temporal component. The Quilcene National Fish Hatchery, located on Big Quilcene River in the Hood Canal region of Washington state, selected against late returning coho salmon by excluding all but the earliest returning fish from its broodstock for an unknown number of generations, and restricted gene flow among broodlines by excluding 2-y-old males for 27 generations. The resulting hatchery population exhibited three distinct broodlines that returned in alternating years: an "early" broodline that arrived 1 mo before the wild fish, a "late" broodline that arrived at the same time as the wild fish, and a "middle" broodline that arrived in between these two broodlines. We evaluated temporal and geographic components of population genetic structure in coho salmon from the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery and nine other sites from Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca using 10 microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity at the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery was lowest in the early broodline and highest in the late broodline. Divergence among broodlines at the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery was greater than that observed at any other site, and was also greater than that observed between any of the sites. This apparent reversal of the relative magnitudes of temporal and geographic components for this species emphasizes the importance of variable age-at-maturity in shaping population genetic structure. C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Baumsteiger, Jason; Ardren, William R.; Hawkins, Denise K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Dettlaff, Yvonne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov FU USFWS Pacific Region FX This work was funded by the USFWS Pacific Region. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.3996/122013-JFWM-086 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400001 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Wolder, MA Isola, JE Jongsomjit, D Hickey, CM Carpenter, M Silveira, JG AF Reiter, Matthew E. Wolder, Mike A. Isola, Jennifer E. Jongsomjit, Dennis Hickey, Catherine M. Carpenter, Mike Silveira, Joseph G. TI Local and Landscape Habitat Associations of Shorebirds in Wetlands of the Sacramento Valley of California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation; landscape; shorebirds; wetland management ID RICE FIELDS; WATERBIRD COMMUNITIES; WINTER MANAGEMENT; FOOD ABUNDANCE; GOLDEN-PLOVERS; SCALE; WATERFOWL; PATTERNS; FLIGHT; FAT AB The Sacramento Valley of California is a site of international importance for shorebirds despite having lost >90% of its historic wetlands. Currently both managed wetlands and flooded agriculture are important habitats for shorebird populations, but the extent of flooded agriculture may be declining in early winter when shorebirds need to acquire resources postmigration to survive winter. We employed long-term shorebird monitoring data to evaluate factors influencing abundance and species richness of shorebirds using the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex in early winter (November-December) between 2000 and 2009. We quantified the effect of local attributes of the wetland management unit (wetland type, size, and topography) as well as factors in the surrounding landscape (proportion of surface water and housing density) using generalized linear mixed models. We assessed a local-scale model, including covariates representing the area of six wetland types within the management unit, an index to the proportion of the management unit that had a tapered-edge (i.e., topography where flooded areas grade to exposed shoreline then upland), and a year effect. In this local-scale model, shorebird abundance had a significant positive association with the area of seasonally flooded marsh (SFM) and summer water. Topographical variation, characterized by the amount of tapered-edge, also had a significant positive effect on the abundance of shorebirds and species richness. Because >70% of the shorebirds were counted in SFM, we removed all wetland types except SFM to evaluate landscape covariates. Using only SFM-dominated units, there was a significant nonlinear association with the area of SFM within a management unit, with 40-95-ha wetlands having the highest shorebird abundance and species richness. On a landscape scale, the amount of flooding within a 10-km buffer was the best supported model of shorebird abundance and suggested the highest shorebird abundance in a management unit to be expected when 15-45% of the surrounding landscape was flooded. Species richness was positively associated with the proportion of surface water within 2- and 5-km buffers. We identified zones with a predicted high shorebird response to SFM, and assessed that only 6% of potential wetland areas in those zones have permanent conservation status. Our analyses suggest that shorebird abundance and species richness vary nonlinearly as a function of both local and landscape factors, and thus both spatial scales should be considered when developing conservation and management strategies. C1 [Reiter, Matthew E.; Jongsomjit, Dennis; Hickey, Catherine M.] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Wolder, Mike A.; Isola, Jennifer E.; Carpenter, Mike; Silveira, Joseph G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Willows, CA 95988 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), Point Blue Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM mreiter@pointblue.org FU California Landscape Conservation Cooperative; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We are grateful for the financial support of the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 26 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.3996/012014-JFWM-003 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400003 ER PT J AU Glenn, RA Taylor, PW Pelton, EH Gutenberger, SK Ahrens, MA Marchant, LM Hanson, KC AF Glenn, Richard A. Taylor, Peter W. Pelton, Eric H. Gutenberger, Susan K. Ahrens, Mark A. Marchant, Larry M. Hanson, Kyle C. TI Genetic Evidence of Vertical Transmission and Cycling of Yersinia ruckeri in Hatchery-Origin Fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; enteric redmouth disease; hatchery; quantitative PCR; real-time PCR; Yersinia ruckeri ID ENTERIC REDMOUTH DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; STEELHEAD TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; INFECTION; DENSITY; GAIRDNERI; SURVIVAL AB Enteric redmouth disease, caused by the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri, can be a severe problem in the culture of salmonid fishes, and can persist as a chronic infection within hatchery facilities for an indefinite amount of time ranging from months to years. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, the prevalence of Y. ruckeri deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was documented across a single production cycle of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared at a hatchery. Ovarian fluid from spawning female adults, unfertilized eggs, eyed eggs, sac fry, and juvenile fish all tested positive for Y. ruckeri DNA using both nPCR and qPCR assays. Presence of Y. ruckeri DNA in ovarian fluids and unfertilized eggs indicates that vertical transmission of the pathogen from females to their progeny is possible. Juvenile fish had the highest level of Y. ruckeri DNA at a log(10)-transformed level of 4.3 DNA copies per gram of kidney tissue. The limited mortality observed was attributed to handling and hatchery procedures during the study period and indicates that the low levels of the pathogen's DNA can persist without severe detrimental effects over the hatchery rearing cycle. C1 [Glenn, Richard A.; Taylor, Peter W.; Hanson, Kyle C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Pelton, Eric H.; Gutenberger, Susan K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia River Fish Hlth Ctr, Willard, WA 98605 USA. [Ahrens, Mark A.; Marchant, Larry M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spring Creek Natl Fish Hatchery, Underwood, WA 98651 USA. RP Glenn, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM richard_glenn@fws.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.3996/012014-JFWM-010 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400004 ER PT J AU Patnode, KA Hittle, E Anderson, RM Zimmerman, L Fulton, JW AF Patnode, Kathleen A. Hittle, Elizabeth Anderson, Robert M. Zimmerman, Lora Fulton, John W. TI Effects of High Salinity Wastewater Discharges on Unionid Mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mussels; endangered; conductivity; chloride; toxicity; brine; wastewater ID GLOCHIDIA; TOXICITY; BIVALVIA; SYSTEM AB We examined the effect of high salinity wastewater (brine) from oil and natural gas drilling on freshwater mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania, during 2012. Mussel cages (N = 5 per site) were deployed at two sites upstream and four sites downstream of a brine treatment facility on the Allegheny River. Each cage contained 20 juvenile northern riffleshell mussels Epioblasma torulosa rangiana). Continuous specific conductance and temperature data were recorded by water quality probes deployed at each site. To measure the amount of mixing throughout the entire study area, specific conductance surveys were completed two times during low-flow conditions along transects from bank to bank that targeted upstream (reference) reaches, a municipal wastewater treatment plant discharge upstream of the brine-facility discharge, the brine facility, and downstream reaches. Specific conductance data indicated that high specific conductance water from the brine facility (4,000-12,000 mu S/cm; mean 7,846) compared to the reference reach (103-188 mu S/cm; mean 151) is carried along the left descending bank of the river and that dilution of the discharge via mixing does not occur until 0.5 mi (805 m) downstream. Juvenile northern riffleshell mussel survival was severely impaired within the high specific conductance zone (2 and 34% at and downstream of the brine facility, respectively) and at the municipal wastewater treatment plant (21%) compared to background (84%). We surveyed native mussels (family Unionidae) at 10 transects: 3 upstream, 3 within, and 4 downstream of the high specific conductance zone. Unionid mussel abundance and diversity were lower for all transects within and downstream of the high conductivity zone compared to upstream. The results of this study clearly demonstrate in situ toxicity to juvenile northern riffleshell mussels, a federally endangered species, and to the native unionid mussel assemblage located downstream of a brine discharge to the Allegheny River. C1 [Patnode, Kathleen A.; Anderson, Robert M.; Zimmerman, Lora] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pennsylvania Field Off, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Hittle, Elizabeth; Fulton, John W.] US Geol Survey, Pennsylvania Water Sci Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15050 USA. RP Patnode, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pennsylvania Field Off, 110 Radnor Rd,Suite 101, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM kathleen_patnode@fws.gov FU USFWS Pennsylvania Ecological Services Office; USGS; USFWS FX Funding for the water quality monitoring and mussel toxicity testing was provided through the Quick Response Program as part of the Science Support Partnership between USGS and USFWS. The adult mussel survey was funded by USFWS Pennsylvania Ecological Services Office and conducted under the direction of Mary Walsh with assistance of Charles Bier, Ryan Miller, and Mary Ann Furedi of the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy in cooperation with Patricia Morrison of Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.3996/052013-JFWM-033 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400005 ER PT J AU Ham, BR Myrick, CA Barrows, FT Yeoman, CJ Duff, GC Maskill, MG Sealey, WM AF Ham, Brian R. Myrick, Christopher A. Barrows, Frederic T. Yeoman, Carl J. Duff, Glenn C. Maskill, Mark G. Sealey, Wendy M. TI Feed Characteristics Alter Growth Efficiency of Cutthroat Trout SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cutthroat trout; feed type; Snake River cutthroat ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PERFORMANCE; DIETS; RESPONSES; YELLOWSTONE; FRY AB Hatchery-cultured cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii fed some commercially available rainbow trout feeds display slow growth and increased mortality. Feed characteristics such as buoyancy and texture alter feed acceptance in some fish species, but their effects have not been adequately addressed in cutthroat trout. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether feed structure and behavior preferences explain the decreased hatchery performance of juvenile cutthroat trout. To achieve this, we conducted two feeding trials in which we fed Westslope cutthroat trout O. clarkii lewisi and Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout O. clarkii behnkei a single diet formulation manufactured to display four different characteristics (floating, sinking, semimoist pellets, or a flake feed) and compared consumption, weight gain, and survival. In the first feeding trial, we stocked Westslope cutthroat trout (initial weight 11.3 g +/- 0.5 g) at 20 fish/tank. We used two different sizes of tanks, with four replicate small tanks (54-L) and two replicate large tanks (96-L) per feed type. Results of the first trial demonstrated a significant effect of feed type but not tank size on weight gain of Westslope cutthroat trout with no interaction. Westslope cutthroat trout fed the flake feed gained less weight than did fish fed any of the other feed types. Feed conversion ratio was affected by both feed type and tank size with no interaction. In a second feeding trial, Snake River cutthroat trout (initial weight 19.5 g +/- 0.5 g) were stocked at 20 fish/tank in 96-L tanks with four replicate tanks per feed type. Results of the second trial demonstrated that Snake River cutthroat trout fed the flake feed grew less, had higher feed conversion ratio, elevated hepatosomatic index, and reduced muscle ratio compared with fish fed the other feeds. Results demonstrate that flake feeds are not adequate for cutthroat trout at this life stage. However, additional research is needed to address other culture-related limitations because only minor differences between fish fed other feed types were detected. C1 [Ham, Brian R.; Sealey, Wendy M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] USDA ARS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Trout Grains Project, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Yeoman, Carl J.; Duff, Glenn C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Maskill, Mark G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Natl Fish Hatchery, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM wendy_sealey@fws.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-38500-19657] FX Funding for the study was provided, in part, by the Western Regional Aquaculture Center through grant number 2012-38500-19657 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.3996/052014-JFWM-042 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400007 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Courtot, KN Brinck, KW Rehkemper, CL Hatfield, JS AF Reynolds, Michelle H. Courtot, Karen N. Brinck, Kevin W. Rehkemper, Cynthia L. Hatfield, Jeff S. TI Long-Term Monitoring of Endangered Laysan Ducks: Index Validation and Population Estimates 1998-2012 SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas laysanensis; Chapman estimate; count index; Laysan Island; Laysan teal; Lincoln-Petersen estimate; mark-resight models; population abundance ID ANAS-LAYSANENSIS; ISLAND DUCK; DYNAMICS; HAWAII AB Monitoring endangered wildlife is essential to assessing management or recovery objectives and learning about population status. We tested assumptions of a population index for endangered Laysan duck (or teal; Anas laysanensis) monitored using mark-resight methods on Laysan Island, Hawai'i. We marked 723 Laysan ducks between 1998 and 2009 and identified seasonal surveys through 2012 that met accuracy and precision criteria for estimating population abundance. Our results provide a 15-y time series of seasonal population estimates at Laysan Island. We found differences in detection among seasons and how observed counts related to population estimates. The highest counts and the strongest relationship between count and population estimates occurred in autumn (September-November). The best autumn surveys yielded population abundance estimates that ranged from 674 (95% CI = 619-730) in 2003 to 339 (95% CI = 265-413) in 2012. A population decline of 42% was observed between 2010 and 2012 after consecutive storms and Japan's Tohoku earthquake-generated tsunami in 2011. Our results show positive correlations between the seasonal maximum counts and population estimates from the same date, and support the use of standardized bimonthly counts of unmarked birds as a valid index to monitor trends among years within a season at Laysan Island. C1 [Reynolds, Michelle H.; Courtot, Karen N.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Park, HI 96718 USA. [Brinck, Kevin W.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natlional Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Rehkemper, Cynthia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Hatfield, Jeff S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Courtot, KN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Park, HI 96718 USA. EM kcourtot@usgs.gov OI Courtot, Karen/0000-0002-8849-4054 FU USFWS's Ecological Service's Pacific Islands Ecoregion; USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Refuges Inventory and Monitoring Program [IAA 4500036627] FX We thank USFWS field biologists during 1998-2014 for assistance. Refuge Biologist E. Flint and numerous refuge mangers made long-term data collection for this project possible. NOAA provided invaluable logistical support. We also thank J. Walters, M. Alldredge, and L. Crampton for suggestions and/or analytical assistance on early drafts of this manuscript. R. Camp, L. Crampton, S. Hess, T. Arnold, the Subject Editor, and 2 anonymous reviewers commented and also contributed to earlier versions of this manuscript. M. Dalton, A. Kristoff, A. Munes, B. Ordung, and T. Speetjens assisted with data management, editing, and 2011-2014 data collection on Laysan Island. This study was funded in part by USFWS's Ecological Service's Pacific Islands Ecoregion, Refuges Inventory and Monitoring Program (IAA 4500036627) and USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.3996/032014-JFWM-017 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400008 ER PT J AU Collins, DP Conway, WC Mason, CD Gunnels, JW AF Collins, Daniel P. Conway, Warren C. Mason, Corey D. Gunnels, Jeffrey W. TI Decomposition of Three Common Moist-Soil Managed Wetland Plant Species SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decomposition; moist-soil managed wetlands; moist-soil plant species; nutrient cycling; Texas ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PLAYA WETLANDS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CREATED WETLANDS; RIVER-FLOODPLAIN; FLOODING REGIMES; WEST-VIRGINIA; PARANA RIVER; ECOSYSTEM; MARSH AB Moist-soil wetland management is used to precisely control delivery, duration, and timing of water addition to, and removal from, managed wetlands with targeted responses including germination and growth of desirable moist-soil plant species. Similarly, water delivery and removal drives decomposition of moist-soil plants as well as nutrient cycling within these systems, which is a key driver of productivity in such managed wetlands. Through deployment of litter bags, we examined rate of mass loss and decay coefficients of three locally abundant moist-soil annual species that are potentially valuable wintering-waterfowl food sources (nodding smartweed Persicaria lapathifolia, red-rooted flatnut sedge Cyperus erythrorhizos, and toothcup Ammannia coccinea) within man-made moist-soil managed wetlands on the Richland Creek Wildlife Management Area in East-central Texas. All three species lost nearly 100% of their mass during an 11-mo deployment period, where rate of mass lost and decay coefficient rates were driven by time, because all moist-soil managed wetlands used were inundated for the duration of this study. Plant materials exposed to persistent inundation in shallow wetlands exhibited rates of mass loss typical of the first two stages of decomposition, during which a majority of plant material mass was lost. However, during this study, typical inundation and drawdown regimes were not implemented, which may have delayed or prolonged decomposition processes, because litter bags of focal species were inundated for the duration of this study. Both locally and regionally specific moist-soil management hydroperiod manipulation should include both drawdown and inundation, to incorporate temporal transitions between these conditions. Such practices will allow wetland managers to more expeditiously meet plant management and waterfowl food production goals within moist-soil managed wetlands. C1 [Collins, Daniel P.; Conway, Warren C.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Mason, Corey D.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Gunnels, Jeffrey W.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Middle Trin River Ecosyst Project, Tennessee Colony, TX 75861 USA. RP Collins, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Off, Reg 2,POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM dan_collins@fws.gov FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Statewide [T-8-1]; Rumsey Research and Development Fund; Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture (McIntire-Stennis) at Stephen F. Austin State University FX Financial and logistical support for this research was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Statewide Grant T-8-1 and federal reimbursement of Texas' costs to implement the Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program and the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture (McIntire-Stennis) at Stephen F. Austin State University. We thank the Rumsey Research and Development Fund for additional financial assistance. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 18 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.3996/072013-JFWM-050 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400009 ER PT J AU Crane, P Walsh, P Lewis, C Wenburg, J AF Crane, Penelope Walsh, Patrick Lewis, Cara Wenburg, John TI Origin and Genetic Diversity of Lake Trout in the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lake trout; population structure; microsatellites; Salvelinus namaycush; Togiak National Wildlife Refuge ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; 7 MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; NORTH-AMERICA; BROOK-CHARR; DOLLY-VARDEN; GREAT-LAKES; AMPLIFICATION AB Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush is a slow-growing, late-maturing, cold-water-adapted species whose native distribution is described by the glaciated regions of North America. Southwestern Alaska, the western limit of the species range, has undergone repeated episodes of glacial advance and retreat. In this study, lake trout were sampled from 15 lakes in six drainages on or near Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR) in southwestern Alaska. Data from 14 microsatellite loci were used to test for genetic evidence that lake trout survived the most recent glacial advance in a local refugium, and to test the effect of habitat size, elevation, and drainage on within- and among-population variation. We could not infer that unglaciated lakes within the TNWR served as a refugium during the most recent glacial maximum. In a neighbor-joining tree, populations largely clustered by drainage, suggesting a single founding source for each drainage. An exception occurred in the Nushagak and Kuskokwim rivers, where evidence for stream capture was detected. Among-population variation, as measured by F-ST, was 0.35; pairwise F-ST within drainages ranged from 0.05 to 0.47, indicative of low gene flow, even within drainages, though individual-based analysis detected movement of lake trout among lakes within the Kanektok, Goodnews, and Nushagak rivers. Lake surface area was positively associated with allele richness, and negatively associated with F-IS, indicating that smaller lakes in the TNWR harbor less genetic diversity and may have more limited adaptive potential. C1 [Crane, Penelope; Lewis, Cara; Wenburg, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Walsh, Patrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. RP Crane, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM penelope_crane@fws.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 130 EP 144 DI 10.3996/032014-JFWM-022 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400011 ER PT J AU Love, JW Newhard, JJ Greenfield, B AF Love, Joseph W. Newhard, Joshua J. Greenfield, Brett TI A Geospatial Approach for Estimating Suitable Habitat and Population Size of the Invasive Northern Snakehead SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Channa argus; spatial; injurious; Lacey Act; ecology; distribution; estuary ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; POTOMAC RIVER SYSTEM; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SPECIES INVASIONS; CHANNA-ARGUS; FISHES; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; RISK AB Northern snakehead Channa argus, an invasive predatory fish species from Asia, may continue to establish itself throughout temperate areas of the eastern United States, particularly in shallow vegetated habitats of ponds and streams. The species was first collected in the Potomac River in 2004 and has become successfully established in several major rivers within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The objectives of this work were to develop habitat suitability criteria using a novel methodology that combines geographic information systems technology and fish surveys to estimate population sizes. A combination of catch data and reported or empirically derived habitat relationships were used to analyze seasonal distributions (March-October) in two tidal freshwater tributaries of the Potomac River: Nanjemoy Creek (2013) and Chopawamsic Creek (2010-2013). Adults were collected in relatively deeper sections of the streams (average depth 0.7-1.0 m) with a low cover of submerged aquatic vegetation (0-21% of site). Using additional distributional data, we identified suitability criteria as: 1) edges of submerged aquatic vegetation that included 5 m of vegetation and 5 m of adjacent open water; 2) less than 30% of mid-channel distance from shore, which may or may not include submerged aquatic vegetation; and 3) the upper 15% of the tidal freshwater stream. An adult population estimate derived from a suitable area in Pomonkey Creek (a tributary of the Potomac River) and estimated densities from Nanjemoy Creek and Chopawamsic Creek (i.e., three adults/ha) was not different from that expected using electrofishing surveys. Assuming approximately 7,093 ha of suitable habitat and three adults/ha, the number of adults was predicted to be 21,279 for 44 major tidal freshwater tributaries of the Potomac River. This is our first estimate of population size of northern snakehead for any river of the Chesapeake Bay watershed and its accuracy will undoubtedly improve as additional studies report variation in density for other tributaries. Because of the species' ability to establish itself in temperate climates, it is important to engage the public to prevent additional releases of northern snakehead, especially to vulnerable habitats. C1 [Love, Joseph W.; Greenfield, Brett] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Div Inland Fisheries, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Newhard, Joshua J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Div Inland Fisheries, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM joseph.love@maryland.gov FU Sport Fish Restoration Act; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [16 U.S.C. 777] FX We thank numerous biologists from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (Inland Fisheries) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services' Maryland Fishery Resources Office. Specifically, we thank M. Groves, T. Groves, R. Williams, B. Williams, M. Mangold, A. Horne, S. Oliver, K. Bullock, and C. Conover. We are also very grateful for the comments provided by reviewers and editors, particularly Dr. Nicholas Lapointe. This work supports objectives of the Fishery Management Plan for Northern Snakehead and was partially funded by the Sport Fish Restoration Act and a cooperative agreement with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Agreement # 16 U.S.C. 777). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 38 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.3996/102014-JFWM-075 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400012 ER EF