FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU RICE, EW SCARPINO, PV REASONER, DJ LOGSDON, GS WILD, DK AF RICE, EW SCARPINO, PV REASONER, DJ LOGSDON, GS WILD, DK TI CORRELATION OF COLIFORM GROWTH-RESPONSE WITH OTHER WATER-QUALITY PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON; DRINKING-WATER; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; BACTERIA AB A variety of water types collected from different geographical areas at different stages of water treatment were analyzed for their ability to support the growth of coliform bacteria. Based on this coliform bioassay, the nutrient status of the water did not correlate with any of the measured water quality parameters except assimilable organic carbon. Significantly higher coliform growth responses were associated with waters that had been exposed to ozonation. The authors conclude that the coliform bioassay procedure is a viable method for ascertaining the biological stability of drinking water supplies. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 83 IS 7 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GA268 UT WOS:A1991GA26800014 ER PT J AU MITRA, S WILSON, NK AF MITRA, S WILSON, NK TI AN EMPIRICAL-METHOD TO PREDICT SOLUBILITY IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; RETENTION; CO2 AB The ability to predict the solubility of analytes in supercritical fluids is important in understanding supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In SFE, an analyte must dissolve in the supercritical solvent before it can be extracted. Also, in SFC, the knowledge of solubility characteristics of an analyte is necessary to predict its retention characteristics. Thermodynamic methods using a phase equilibrium approach have been used in the past to predict solubility in supercritical fluids. These methods usually involve complicated calculations and need some experimental data to compute unknown parameters. Here we have developed simple empirical methods for predicting solubility as a function of the prevailing temperature, pressure, and density. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FV583 UT WOS:A1991FV58300006 ER PT J AU CARSEL, RF IMHOFF, JC KITTLE, JL HUMMEL, PR AF CARSEL, RF IMHOFF, JC KITTLE, JL HUMMEL, PR TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DATABASE AND MODEL PARAMETER ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL SOILS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AB An interactive computer program was developed for obtaining soils data for geographic analyses and estimation of soil water retention data for simplistic and classical water flow models. The soils data base contains 8080 soil series identified from the USDA-SCS. The data are organized in sequential files that contain textural, morphological, crop support, and geographical location (at a county level) and density (ha/county). The computer program allows the exploration of the database, clarifying the impact of data on modeled processes, screening geographically based data to identify potential sits for model application or testing, and developing initial guidance on alternative water quality management strategies. The program allows the display of data in the form of generated reports and production of geographic maps and plots of soil water functional relationships. Indirect methods are used in the program for estimating soil water retention characteristics using textural information from the soil data base. Estimates of variability can be developed within a soil series or among series by using reported ranges for textural information on each series contained in the soil database. C1 AQUA TERRA CONSULTANTS,DECATUR,GA 30030. RP CARSEL, RF (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 642 EP 647 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FZ678 UT WOS:A1991FZ67800022 ER PT J AU CHANG, DPY MOURNIGHAN, RE HUFFMAN, GL AF CHANG, DPY MOURNIGHAN, RE HUFFMAN, GL TI AN EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS OF SOME CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN STOICHIOMETRIC TO FUEL-RICH POST-FLAME COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH; WASTE INCINERATORS; DIOXINS AB The equilibrium composition of product gases from the combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) has been studied for varying ratios of C, H, Cl, and O under stoichiometric to fuel-rich conditions. An interactive, PC-compatible FORTRAN program, STANJAN, was utilized in conjunction with thermochemical data sources to calculate equilibrium compositions of gas mixtures as a function of temperature. The predicted results, when judiciously interpreted, assist in the understanding of the potential for formation of residual organic substance emissions (ROSEs) in post-flame environments of an incinerator. Arguments are presented for the potential formation of chlorinated species, which are stable at ambient temperature, if locally fuel-rich mixtures penetrate into the lower temperature zones of an incinerator. ROSEs that have been observed in field tests of incinerators burning chlorinated compounds are predicted to form under the fuel-rich condition. Furthermore, when the equivalence ratio is greater than unity by even a slight amount, the degree of chlorination of product gases increases markedly when the Cl/H ratio also exceeds unity. In that case, time, temperature, turbulence and an overall fuel-lean stoichiometry may not be sufficient to guarantee elimination of measurable levels of chlorinated products. Possible implications of the equilibrium calculations are discussed. Further systematic studies with additional CHCs, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and heavy metal-bearing compounds are recommended as well as continued efforts to carry out kinetic studies. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV WASTE MINIMIZAT DESTRUCT & DISPOSAL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP CHANG, DPY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 4699-03] NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 41 IS 7 BP 947 EP 955 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FY406 UT WOS:A1991FY40600015 PM 1930958 ER PT J AU KOUSTAS, RN AF KOUSTAS, RN TI CONTROL OF INCIDENTAL ASBESTOS EXPOSURE AT HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses asbestos regulations that are not part of Superfund and examines how these regulations can help to identify, evaluate and manage the risk associated with Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) at hazardous waste cleanup sites. Unless one knows where to look for ACM at hazardous waste sites, it may go undetected even after all the traditional sampling is done. Although EPA is currently developing a policy for evaluating risk from asbestos exposure at certain Superfund sites, information from existing regulations can be used to manage hazards associated with asbestos exposure at hazardous waste sites. This paper also identifies where to find governmental agency personnel and consultants who may be retained for site-specific help. RP KOUSTAS, RN (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,TECH SUPPORT BRANCH,TECH ASSISTANCE SECT,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FY406 UT WOS:A1991FY40600019 PM 1930954 ER PT J AU LINGLE, SA AF LINGLE, SA TI ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION - CHARTING A NEW COURSE - 1991 MRS SPRING MEETING PLENARY ADDRESS SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP LINGLE, SA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM ENGN & TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 16 IS 7 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA FX207 UT WOS:A1991FX20700005 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, JA HOWARD, DR BACKER, LC ALLEN, JW AF CAMPBELL, JA HOWARD, DR BACKER, LC ALLEN, JW TI EVIDENCE THAT METHANOL INHALATION DOES NOT INDUCE CHROMOSOME-DAMAGE IN MICE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE METHANOL; MOUSE LUNG CELLS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; MICRONUCLEI; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX ID SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX DAMAGE; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; HAMSTER CRICETULUS-GRISEUS; CELLS; SPERMATOCYTES; EXPOSURE; ETHANOL; LUNG AB Mice were exposed by inhalation to 800 or 4000 ppm methanol for 5 days, and cytogenetic effects were analyzed in blood erythrocytes, lung cells, and testicular germ cells. The results were uniformly negative; no increased frequencies of micronuclei in blood cells, of sister-chromatid exchanges, chromosome aberrations, or micronuclei in lung cells, or of synaptonemal complex damage in spermatocytes were found. From the standpoint of risk assessment, these experimental studies do not reveal any evidence of a cytogenetic hazard associated with inhalation of methanol. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CAMPBELL, JA (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUL PY 1991 VL 260 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90034-J PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FW093 UT WOS:A1991FW09300004 PM 1870615 ER PT J AU LAPE, J BRADLEY, P AF LAPE, J BRADLEY, P TI TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF PRETREATED INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS USING HIGHER-PLANTS - DISCUSSION SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION LA English DT Discussion RP LAPE, J (reprint author), US EPA,DIV PERMITS,OFF WASTEWATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,EN 336,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1047-7624 J9 RES J WATER POLLUT C PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 63 IS 5 BP 824 EP 824 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FY347 UT WOS:A1991FY34700012 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, D ROGERS, RR GRAY, LE LASKEY, JW AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB ANDREWS, D ROGERS, RR GRAY, LE LASKEY, JW TI IMMUNOTOXICITY OF 2-METHOXYETHANOL FOLLOWING ORAL-ADMINISTRATION IN FISCHER-344 RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; METHOXYACETIC ACID; MONOETHYL ETHERS; MICE; EXPOSURE; DISPOSITION; TERATOGENICITY; PARAMETERS C1 NSI INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 109 IS 3 BP 494 EP 506 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90012-4 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FW758 UT WOS:A1991FW75800012 PM 1853347 ER PT J AU DEROSA, CT CHOUDHURY, H PEIRANO, WB AF DEROSA, CT CHOUDHURY, H PEIRANO, WB TI AN INTEGRATED EXPOSURE PHARMACOKINETIC BASED APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPLEX EXPOSURES - LEAD - A CASE-STUDY SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-LEAD; ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD; CHILDREN; WATER; ABSORPTION; AGE AB A problem in evaluating the hazard represented by an environmental toxicant is that exposures can occur via multiple media such as water, land, and air. Lead is one of the toxicants of concern that has been associated with adverse effects on heme metabolism, serum vitamin D levels, and the mental and physical development of infants and children exposed at very low environmental levels. Effects of lead on development are particularly disturbing in that the consequences of early delays or deficits in physical or mental development may have long-term consequences over the lifetime of affected individuals. Experimental and epidemiologic studies have indicated that blood lead levels in the range of 10-15-mu-g/dl, or possibly lower, are likely to produce subclinical toxicity. Since a discernible threshold has not been demonstrated, it is prudent to preclude development of a Reference Dose (RfD) for lead. As an alternate, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has developed the uptake/biokinetic lead model that provides a means of evaluating the relative contribution of various media to establishing blood lead levels in children. This approach will allow for the identification of site- and situation-specific abatement strategies based on projected blood lead levels in vulnerable human populations exposed to lead in air, diet, water, soil/dust, and paint; thus making it possible to evaluate regulatory decisions concerning each medium on blood levels and potential health effects. RP DEROSA, CT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 231 EP 248 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GM823 UT WOS:A1991GM82300001 PM 1776155 ER PT J AU MCCLINTOCK, JT GUZO, D GUTHRIE, KP DOUGHERTY, EM AF MCCLINTOCK, JT GUZO, D GUTHRIE, KP DOUGHERTY, EM TI DNA-BINDING PROTEINS OF BACULOVIRUS-INFECTED CELLS DURING PERMISSIVE AND SEMIPERMISSIVE REPLICATION SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BACULOVIRUS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; PERMISSIVE; SEMIPERMISSIVE ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; TRANSLATION; ANTIBODIES; REGIONS; CULTURE; INVITRO; GENOME AB Certain insect cell lines have been shown to be permissive (TN-368) or semipermissive (IPLB-LD-652Y) for Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) replication (McClintock et al., 1986b). In this report DNA-binding proteins were identified in such cell:virus systems by hybridizing Western blots containing uninfected and infected cell proteins with AcMNPV or host DNA probes. In the AcMNPV-infected TN-368 permissive cell system, 8 virus-induced DNA-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 67.5K to 18.75K were observed under the highest conditions of stringency. When these DNA-binding proteins were compared to structural proteins of AcMNPV, several appeared to be similar to those observed in SDS-PAGE protein profiles of nonoccluded virus (NOV) and occlusion body (PIBs) preparations. Using an AcMNPV occlusion negative mutant (L1GP-gal3) and an anti-AcMNPV-polyhedrin monoclonal antibody, a major DNA-binding protein (33.0K), observed in the permissive system, corresponded to polyhedrin and to a comigrating virus-induced DNA-binding protein. In the AcMNPV-infected IPLB-LD-652Y semipermissive cell system, no virus-induced DNA-binding proteins were detected. However, several host DNA-binding proteins were present but their ability to bind DNA decreased significantly following infection. C1 USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MCCLINTOCK, JT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAM,HED,SACB,MAIL CODE H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90105-5 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA GC026 UT WOS:A1991GC02600003 PM 1950170 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, R SCHWEITZER, L JENSEN, KF AF JANSSEN, R SCHWEITZER, L JENSEN, KF TI GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY IN THE DEVELOPING RAT COCHLEA - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACHES SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GLUTAMATE; EXCITOTOXICITY; GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY; OTOTOXICITY; COCHLEA; SPIRAL GANGLION; BRAIN-STEM AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSE ID GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MONOSODIUM-L-GLUTAMATE; KAINIC ACID; AUDITORY-NERVE; AMINO-ACIDS; POTENTIALS; TRANSMISSION; SENSITIVITY; OTOTOXICITY AB The neurotoxic effects of exogenous glutamate were studied in the rate cochlea. Glutamate-treated rats (4 g/kg/day i.p., postnatal days 2-9) exhibited electrophysiologically-measured elevations in high frequency threshold usually associated with hair cell loss in the basal region of the cochlea. While surface preparations of the organ of Corti revealed no loss of hair cells, there was a dramatic and selective reduction of neurons in the basal, high frequency-related portion of the spiral ganglion. This sensitivity of developing spiral ganglion cells to the neurotoxicity of glutamate is consistent with the hypothesis that glutamate or a structurally related substance is a neurotransmitter at afferent synapses of cochlear hair cells. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT SCI & NEUROBIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. RP JANSSEN, R (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00233] NR 55 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JUN 28 PY 1991 VL 552 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90090-I PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FV305 UT WOS:A1991FV30500009 PM 1680530 ER PT J AU ARAR, EJ PFAFF, JD AF ARAR, EJ PFAFF, JD TI DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER EFFLUENTS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY AND POSTCOLUMN DERIVATIZATION WITH DIPHENYLCARBAZIDE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1990 INTERNATIONAL ION CHROMATOGRAPHY SYMP CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 1990 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP DIONEX, MILLIPORE, DIV WATER CHROMATOG ID OXIDATION AB A proposed EPA method for the determination of dissolved hexavalent chromium in drinking water, groundwater and industrial wastewater effluents was developed using existing ion chromatographic techniques. Two solid waste matrices were briefly investigated. Aqueous samples were passed through a 0.45-mu-m filter and the filtrate was either (1) left unadjusted, (2) adjusted to pH 8 or (3) adjusted to pH 10 prior to analysis by ion chromatography. The method detection limits were 0.3-0.4-mu-g/l. When analyzed within 24 h, the two pH levels and the unadjusted sample yielded ca. 100% recovery of spikes. No oxidation of trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium was observed at pH 7, 8 or 10 when aqueous samples were spiked with 50 mg/l Cr(III). C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP ARAR, EJ (reprint author), TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45219, USA. NR 9 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 21 PY 1991 VL 546 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93031-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FV829 UT WOS:A1991FV82900031 PM 1885702 ER PT J AU CHANG, L MILLER, FJ ULTMAN, J HUANG, Y STOCKSTILL, BL GROSE, E GRAHAM, JA OSPITAL, JJ CRAPO, JD AF CHANG, L MILLER, FJ ULTMAN, J HUANG, Y STOCKSTILL, BL GROSE, E GRAHAM, JA OSPITAL, JJ CRAPO, JD TI ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELL INJURIES BY SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE TO LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE CORRELATE WITH CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; REGIONAL UPTAKE; ADULT-RATS; LUNG; RESPONSES; SENSITIVITY; INHALATION C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. SO CALIF EDISON CO,ROSEMEAD,CA 91770. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHANG, L (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT MED,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 1991 VL 109 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90170-J PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FZ043 UT WOS:A1991FZ04300004 PM 2068723 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, DA ZAMUDA, CD AF WRIGHT, DA ZAMUDA, CD TI COPPER CONTAMINATION IN THE PATUXENT RIVER, MARYLAND SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID TRACE-METAL TRANSPORT; ORGANIC-COMPLEXES; ESTUARINE WATERS; MASS-BALANCE; POWER-PLANT; ULTRAFILTRATION; CHLORINATION; NICKEL; PLUME AB Copper contamination was studied in the Patuxent River, Maryland, which flows from the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The only heavy industry on this river is a coal-fired power plant situated 35 km from the river mouth. The plant uses river water for cooling purposes and had been implicated in early studies as a source of localized copper pollution from copper:nickel condenser tubing. Average cooling water usage exceeded average natural river flow over the study period by a factor of 3. This investigation showed high levels of both dissolved and particulate copper at this point source, with a high ratio of particulate:dissolved copper at the point of discharge. A copper budget achieved through comparison of industrial intake/outflow data showed that when natural river flow was considered, output from this single point source could conservatively account for a total copper concentration in the river of 6.7-mu-g l-1 above background. This considerably exceeded the measured figure of 2.6-mu-g l-1 (relative to the upstream station). Part of this discrepancy was probably due to copper deposition close to the power plant. Although copper concentrations declined downstream from this source, they still remained high in absolute terms and were comparable with a much more heavily industrialized river system. Even at the river mouth, copper concentration remained elevated and it was speculated that anti-fouling paints associated with heavy recreational boat traffic may be particularly responsible for this. C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WRIGHT, DA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,SOLOMONS,MD 20688, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN 7 PY 1991 VL 215 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF00005898 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FX937 UT WOS:A1991FX93700004 ER PT J AU ROSE, JB HAAS, CN REGLI, S AF ROSE, JB HAAS, CN REGLI, S TI RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF WATERBORNE GIARDIASIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Waterborne giardiasis has been increasing in the United States with 95 outbreaks reported over the last 25 years. The Safe Drinking Water Act has mandated control of this pathogen. Methods: A risk assessment model was developed to estimate risk of infection after exposure to treated waters containing varying levels of Giardia cysts. The model was defined by a dose-response curve developed from human feeding studies for Giardia and assumed 2L of water consumption per day. Data on concentrations and distribution of the organism in source waters were used to assess exposure after varying reductions achieved through treatment. Results: In surveys reporting prevalence and levels of Giardia cyst contamination, average levels of cysts in surface waters ranged from 0.33 to 104/100L; from pristine watersheds (protected from all human activity) 0.6 to 5/100L. Yearly risks were 4.8 x 10(-3) for systems using polluted waters and 1.3 x 10(-4) for pristine waters with a 10(-3) treatment reduction. Conclusion: Public Health officials will need to work with the water industry to ensure a risk of less than 1/10,000 for source waters with 0.7 to 70 cysts per 100 liters through treatment achieving reduction of 10(-3) to 10(-5), respectively, of Giardia cysts. C1 IIT,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,CHICAGO,IL 60616. US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP ROSE, JB (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,13301 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 19 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.6.709 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FV607 UT WOS:A1991FV60700007 PM 2029038 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI EXPERT SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATES OF MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM LOW-RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTRA SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; EXPERT SYSTEM; LOW-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTRA; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CLASSIFICATION AB MAXMASS, the highest mass with an intensity of 5% of the base peak in a low-resolution mass spectrum, has been found to be linearly correlated with the true molecular weights of 400 randomly selected spectra, yielding a family of parallel lines. A simple expert system using MAXMASS has been developed to estimate molecular weights of unknown volatile compounds from their mass spectra. This is an empirical rule-based system which will run on a personal computer. It consists of a classification module chained to separate molecular weight prediction modules for six classes. These are benzenes, chlorobenzenes, bromoalkanes/alkenes, mono- and dichloroalkanes/alkenes, tri-, tetra- and pentachloroalkanes/alkenes, and unknown (other) classes. The rules were derived from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference spectra of 75 target toxic compounds from the first five classes and 32 from the unknown class. Performance tests of molecular weight predictions were made with the expert system and the self training interpretive and retrieval system (STIRS) on NIST reference spectra of the 107 training compounds; on a set of 32 test NIST reference spectra of other compounds found in air samples; on a set of 100 randomly selected NIST reference spectra; and on 30 spectra taken from actual field gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) samples. The expert system performed much better than STIRS on training spectra, STIRS performed better on test and random spectra, and the expert system performed better with field data. The median absolute value deviation from the true results for the expert system was 1 and 3 mass units for training and field GC-MS spectra, respectively. Moreover, the expert system is much faster than STIRS. RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 246 IS 2 BP 391 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80977-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FR862 UT WOS:A1991FR86200020 ER PT J AU FOLSOM, BR CHAPMAN, PJ AF FOLSOM, BR CHAPMAN, PJ TI PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF A MODEL BIOREACTOR FOR THE BIODEGRADATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE BY PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA-G4 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; TOLUENE DIOXYGENASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PUTIDA F1; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; PATHWAY AB Pseudomonas cepacia G4 grown in chemostats with phenol demonstrated constant specific degradation rates for both phenol and trichloroethylene (TCE) over a range of dilution rates. Washout of cells from chemostats was evident at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1 at 28-degrees-C. Increased phenol concentrations in the nutrient feed led to increased biomass production with constant specific degradation rates for both phenol and TCE. The addition of lactate to the phenol feed led to increased biomass production but lowered specific phenol and TCE degradation rates. The maximum potential for TCE degradation was about 1.1 g per day per g of cell protein. Cell growth and degradation kinetic parameters were used in the design of a recirculating bioreactor for TCE degradation. In this reactor, the total amount of TCE degraded increased as either reaction time or biomass was increased. TCE degradation was observed up to 300-mu-M TCE with no significant decreases in rates. On the average, this reactor was able to degrade 0.7 g of TCE per day per g of cell protein. Thsee results demonstrate the feasibility of TCE bioremediation through the use of bioreactors. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1608 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FP564 UT WOS:A1991FP56400004 PM 1872599 ER PT J AU KING, RJ SHORT, KA SEIDLER, RJ AF KING, RJ SHORT, KA SEIDLER, RJ TI ASSAY FOR DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS WHICH IS BASED ON THE ACTIVITY OF A DEREGULATED 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE MONOOXYGENASE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT; PATHWAY AB An assay system was developed for the enumeration of genetically engineered microorganisms expressing a deregulated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (TFD) monooxygenase, which converts phenoxyacetate (PAA) to phenol. In PAA-amended cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1C(pRO103) and Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), strains which express a deregulated TFD monooxygenase, phenol production was proportional to cell number. Phenol was reacted, under specific conditions, with a 4-aminoantipyrine dye to form an intensely colored dye-phenol complex (AAPPC), which when measured spectrophotometrically could detect as few as 10(3) cells per ml. This assay was corroborated by monitoring the disappearance of PAA and the accumulation of phenol by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The AAPPC assay was modified for use with plate cultures and clearly distinguished colonies of PP0301(pRO103) and PAO1C(pRO103) from a strain expressing a regulated TFD monooxygenase. Colonies of P. putida PPO301(pRO101) remained cream colored, while colonies of PPO301(pRO103) and PAO1C(pRO103) turned a distinct red. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP KING, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1790 EP 1792 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FP564 UT WOS:A1991FP56400034 PM 1872608 ER PT J AU VOYER, RA MCGOVERN, DG AF VOYER, RA MCGOVERN, DG TI INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT AND FLUCTUATING SALINITY ON RESPONSES OF MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA EXPOSED TO CADMIUM IN A LIFE-CYCLE TEST SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM; SALINITY; CONSTANT; FLUCTUATING REGIME; LIFE CYCLE; MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ACUTE TOXICITY; ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; MOLENOCK; MYSIDS AB Two 28-day, life-cycle tests were conducted to evaluate effects of constant and fluctuating salinities on chronic toxicity of cadmium to Mysidopsis bahia at 27-degrees-C. Salinities of 10 to 32 parts per thousand and cadmium concentrations of 1 to 9-mu-g/l were examined. Estimated median tolerance concentrations at day 28 ranged from 4.8 to 6.3-mu-g Cd/l over the salinity range of 13 to 29 parts per thousand. Size and fecundity of exposed and unexposed females were predicted to be comparable when cadmium was less-than-or-equal-to 5.0-mu-g Cd/1 and salinities greater-than-or-equal-to 20 parts per thousand and at concentrations of less than 5-mu-g/l at lower salinities. At higher cadmium levels both responses were impaired regardless of salinity. Reproduction in control treatments was an order of magnitude lower in low (10 and 13 parts per thousand) as compared to high (21, 29, 32 parts per thousand) salinity treatments. This effect of salinity on reproduction was not moderated by periodic exposure to higher, more suitable salinities. Survival, growth and reproduction were not impacted by addition of 5-mu-g Cd/l under fluctuating salinity conditions. The no-effect concentration is 4-5-mu-g Cd/l regardless of salinity. Changes in survival, growth and reproduction observed are consistent with the principal distribution of M. bahia in estuaries relative to salinity. Comparison of these data with previously reported acute responses suggests that the acute water quality criterion for cadmium should be salinity-dependent whereas the chronic criterion need not be. RP VOYER, RA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,S FERRY RD,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(91)90019-6 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA FU444 UT WOS:A1991FU44400003 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, JH STANTON, ME AF FREEMAN, JH STANTON, ME TI FIMBRIA FORNIX TRANSECTIONS DISRUPT THE ONTOGENY OF DELAYED ALTERNATION BUT NOT POSITION DISCRIMINATION IN THE RAT SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WORKING MEMORY; LESIONS; HIPPOCAMPUS; PERFORMANCE; AMNESIA; SYSTEM; INFANT; REGION; MONKEY AB In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rat pups received fimbria-fornix transections or sham surgery on Postnatal Day 10 (PND10) and were then trained on PND23 to perform either a discretetrials delayed alternation (DA) or a simple position discrimination (PD) task in a T maze. Rat pups in both surgical conditions learned the PD task within five 12-trial blocks of training. However, only sham-operated pups learned the DA task. In Experiment 2, performance of DA emerged between PND19 and PND27 in sham-operated pups but failed entirely to develop in pups with early lesions. In Experiment 3, fornix-transected pups that were given extended DA training (132 trials) on PND23-PND24 showed some improvement in performance but remained impaired in relation to sham-operated controls. These findings implicate the limbic system in the postnatal development of DA but not PD and suggest that dual-process theories of memory may be relevent to the psychobiology of cognitive development. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 34 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0735-7044 J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Behav. Neurosci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 105 IS 3 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1037/0735-7044.105.3.386 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FN874 UT WOS:A1991FN87400004 PM 1863360 ER PT J AU SMITH, JB AF SMITH, JB TI THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GREAT-LAKES - RESPONSE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter RP SMITH, JB (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,ADAPTAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 72 IS 6 BP 834 EP 834 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FT231 UT WOS:A1991FT23100007 ER PT J AU PORTEOUS, LA ARMSTRONG, JL AF PORTEOUS, LA ARMSTRONG, JL TI RECOVERY OF BULK DNA FROM SOIL BY A RAPID, SMALL-SCALE EXTRACTION METHOD SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTS AB We describe an extraction method that yields up to 25-mu-g of DNA from 1 gram of soil. Samples are processed within 48 h. The purified DNA is 20-25 kb in size and can be digested by restriction enzymes. The soil is vortex-mixed with 6 mL mixing buffer in an Oakridge tube. Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone is added to absorb the humic compounds that interfere with restriction enzyme activity. The entire soil homogenate is treated with lysozyme and Novozym, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate to lyse the cells. The crude DNA extract is separated from the soil debris by low-speed centrifugation. Finally, the DNA is purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and extracted with Geneclean. RP PORTEOUS, LA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,TERRESTRIAL MICROBIAL ECOL BIOTECHNOL PROGRAM,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 11 TC 62 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 22 IS 6 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF02092152 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FP395 UT WOS:A1991FP39500003 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT DIERKES, JR JENSEN, DA PETERSON, GS AF ANKLEY, GT DIERKES, JR JENSEN, DA PETERSON, GS TI PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE AS A TOOL IN AQUATIC TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH WITH ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICITY; INHIBITION; METABOLISM C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 27 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(91)90065-W PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FP986 UT WOS:A1991FP98600005 PM 1868783 ER PT J AU HITES, RA BUDDE, WL AF HITES, RA BUDDE, WL TI EPAS ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER - THE NEXT GENERATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,CHEM RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HITES, RA (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,PUBL & ENVIRONM AFFAIRS,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 6 BP 998 EP 1006 DI 10.1021/es00018a001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN925 UT WOS:A1991FN92500003 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, D AF FRIEDMAN, D TI 7TH ANNUAL WASTE TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE SYMPOSIUM SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP FRIEDMAN, D (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1008 DI 10.1021/es00018a600 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN925 UT WOS:A1991FN92500004 ER PT J AU JAFVERT, CT HEATH, JK AF JAFVERT, CT HEATH, JK TI SEDIMENT-SOIL-ASSOCIATED AND SATURATED-SOIL-ASSOCIATED REACTIONS INVOLVING AN ANIONIC SURFACTANT (DODECYL-SULFATE) .1. PRECIPITATION AND MICELLE FORMATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYOXYETHYLENE LAURYL ETHER; HARDNESS TOLERANCE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER; SOLUBILIZATION; SULFATES; COEFFICIENTS; MIXTURES; CALCIUM; SALTS AB Interactions of the anionic surfactant dodecylsulfate (DS) with soil and sediment (medium) components were examined at DS concentrations in the range of the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Experiments involving either the variation in DS (0.1-40 mM) or in medium concentration (0.04-0.36 g/mL for six media) demonstrate the importance of precipitation, micellization, and micellar counterion binding in determining the recovery of aqueous DS from medium slurries. Mechanistic and semiempirical mass action equations, and their associated constants, describing these phenomena in well-defined solutions, along with the necessary material balance equations, permit the calculation of precipitation boundaries. Calculated precipitation boundaries were compared to experimental results. These equations also allow the calculation of the aqueous micelle and monomer DS concentrations. A similar methodology to calculate the aqueous micelle concentration was applied in the subsequent study to quantitatively assess the distribution of PAH compounds between micellar, medium, and dissolved aqueous phases. C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP JAFVERT, CT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30613, USA. RI Jafvert, Chad/D-9551-2013 NR 37 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1021/es00018a003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN925 UT WOS:A1991FN92500007 ER PT J AU JAFVERT, CT AF JAFVERT, CT TI SEDIMENT-SOIL-ASSOCIATED AND SATURATED-SOIL-ASSOCIATED REACTIONS INVOLVING AN ANIONIC SURFACTANT (DODECYL-SULFATE) .2. PARTITION OF PAH COMPOUNDS AMONG PHASES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYOXYETHYLENE LAURYL ETHER; MICELLAR SOLUTIONS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; BENZENE-DERIVATIVES; HARDNESS TOLERANCE; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; SOLUBILIZATION; WATER; SORPTION; CONTAMINANTS AB The distribution of either pyrene, phenanthrene, or naphthalene between several different sediment or soil solid phases (media) and aqueous phases containing dodecylsulfate (DS) micelles was determined. These experimental distributions were compared to distributions calculated from relationships describing the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to sediments and soils and PAH solubilization by DS micelles, reported in the literature or developed from literature data. The amount of aqueous-phase surfactant in micellar form was calculated from equations describing micelle-monomer equilibria in homogeneous solution. Experimental overall distribution coefficients (K(d)) of pyrene and phenanthrene, measured in five different media at two medium concentrations, generally were within a factor of 3 of the calculated distribution coefficients. The calculated and experimental distributions indicate that, on an organic-carbon-normalized basis (w/w), DS micelles and the natural media have approximately the same affinity or sorption potential for these nonpolar compounds. RP JAFVERT, CT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. RI Jafvert, Chad/D-9551-2013 NR 46 TC 101 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1045 DI 10.1021/es00018a004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN925 UT WOS:A1991FN92500008 ER PT J AU MUELLER, JG LANTZ, SE BLATTMANN, BO CHAPMAN, PJ AF MUELLER, JG LANTZ, SE BLATTMANN, BO CHAPMAN, PJ TI BENCH-SCALE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR THE REMEDIATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED AND CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED MATERIALS - SOLID-PHASE BIOREMEDIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OILY SLUDGE; SOIL; HYDROCARBONS AB Bench-scale biotreatability studies were performed to evaluate the potential for using a solid-phase bioremediation process to ameliorate pentachlorophenol- (PCP-) and creosote-contaminated sediment and surface soil present at the American Creosote Works Superfund site, Pensacola, FL. The effects of tilling and fertilization on the rate and extent of biodegradation of PCP and 42 targeted creosote constituents by indigenous microflora were monitored by gas chromatographic analysis of organic extracts of soil and sediment; changes in microbial populations were also recorded. Specially designed "landfarming chambers" allowed for the quantitative analysis of targeted pollutants lost through abiotic processes. In general, solid-phase bioremediation resulted in slow and predictable losses of targeted pollutants (i.e., low molecular weight creosote constitutents were more readily biodegraded than higher molecular weight contaminants), and the more recalcitrant pollutants (e.g., PCP) tended to persist. Performance data from these studies suggest that full-scale site remediation employing solid-phase bioremediation strategies may not effectively meet acceptable treatment standards in the time defining these studies (90 days). C1 TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MUELLER, JG (reprint author), SO BIO PROD INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 34 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1055 DI 10.1021/es00018a005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN925 UT WOS:A1991FN92500009 ER PT J AU MUELLER, JG LANTZ, SE BLATTMANN, BO CHAPMAN, PJ AF MUELLER, JG LANTZ, SE BLATTMANN, BO CHAPMAN, PJ TI BENCH-SCALE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR THE REMEDIATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED AND CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED MATERIALS - SLURRY-PHASE BIOREMEDIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Performance data on slurry-phase bioremediation of pentachlorophenol- (PCP-) and creosote-contaminated sediment and surface soil were generated at the bench-scale level. Aqueous slurries were prepared from sediment and surface soil freshly obtained from the American Creosote Works Superfund site at Pensacola, FL. Slurries (1.1 L) were incubated for 30 days in separate, 1.5-L bioreactors operated in the batch mode at 28.5-degrees-C with continuous mixing (300 rpm), DO = 90% and pH = 7.0. Samples removed with time from each reactor were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography for PCP and 42 monitored creosote constituents to delineate the activity of indigenous microorganisms. Changes in microbial biomass were also recorded. Excluding PCP, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, slurry-phase bioremediation of highly contaminated sediment (pH adjusted) resulted in rapid and extensive biodegradation (3-5 days to biodegrade > 50% of targeted compounds) of monitored constituents. Conversely, microbial activity in surface soil slurries was slower and generally confined to the more readily biodegradable, lower molecular weight compounds. These data suggest that slurry-phase bioremediation strategies can be effectively employed to remediate creosote-contaminated materials. C1 TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MUELLER, JG (reprint author), SO BIOPROD INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1055 EP 1061 DI 10.1021/es00018a006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN925 UT WOS:A1991FN92500010 ER PT J AU CARTON, RJ AF CARTON, RJ TI NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM - CRITIQUE OF PEER-REVIEW DRAFT REPORT SO FLUORIDE LA English DT Editorial Material RP CARTON, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,NATL FEDERAT FED EMPLOYEES,WASHINGTON,DC 20046, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC FLUORIDE RESEARCH PI AUCKLAND 7 PA 216 ATKINSON RD, TITIRANGI, AUCKLAND 7, NEW ZEALAND SN 0015-4725 J9 FLUORIDE JI Fluoride PD SUM PY 1991 VL 24 IS 3 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HT739 UT WOS:A1991HT73900001 ER PT J AU SUTTER, J AF SUTTER, J TI EVALUATING THE GROUND-WATER EXTRACTION SYSTEMS - REPLY SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Discussion RP SUTTER, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 235 EP 236 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA FY222 UT WOS:A1991FY22200011 ER PT J AU SANDHU, SS GILL, BS CASTO, BC RICE, JW AF SANDHU, SS GILL, BS CASTO, BC RICE, JW TI APPLICATION OF TRADESCANTIA MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY FOR INSITU EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL GENETIC HAZARDS FROM EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS AT A WOOD-PRESERVING SITE SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB In situ evaluation of biological hazards from wood preserving chemicals at a hazardous waste site using the Tradescantia micronucleus assay (Trad-MCN) is reported in this study. The chemical analysis of soil samples from the site showed high contamination with arsenic (1,292 mg/kg), chromium (1,444 mg/kg) and copper (924 mg/kg) on the surface of the drip area where wood was allowed to dry after the treatment. Exposure of Tradescantia plants grown within or adjacent to the drip area showed significantly (P = 0.05) higher frequencies of micronuclei when compared to plants grown in nearby control plots. The results of Tradescantia plants treated with slurry of the soil samples from the test plots as well as the results from on site exposure showed significantly (P = 0.05) higher frequencies of micronuclei as compared to the concurrent controls. After remediation, the levels of arsenic, chromium, and copper were substantially reduced and concomitantly no genotoxic activity was observed in plants grown on-site or in plants exposed in the laboratory to a slurry of soil samples from this site. The results from this pilot study show that simple plant assays such as Trad-MCN can be used as a sentinel for environmental contamination and to assess the efficacy of clean-up efforts. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0882-5696 J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 8 IS 3 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1089/hwm.1991.8.257 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GM928 UT WOS:A1991GM92800007 ER PT J AU MERRICK, BA ROBINSON, M CONDIE, LW AF MERRICK, BA ROBINSON, M CONDIE, LW TI CARDIOPATHIC EFFECT OF 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE AFTER SUBACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE; CARDIOPATHY; RAT ID B6C3F1 MICE; CORN-OIL; DRINKING-WATER; HEPATOTOXICITY; CHLOROFORM; TOXICITY; VEHICLE AB 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) is an industrial water contaminant with potential for human exposure by the oral route. The systemic toxicology of 1,2,3-TCP was evaluated after subacute or subchronic exposure in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 0.01, 0.05, 0.20 and 0.80 mmol kg-1day-1 for 10 days and 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.40 mmol kg-1 day-1 for 90 days. Chemical exposure was by oral gavage in corn oil. Lethality did not occur in either study. Toxicity was observed primarily in the high dose group of subacute and subchronically treated rats of both sexes. Weight gain suppression occurred at a dose of 0.8 mmol kg-1 (118 mg kg-1) after 10 days. After 90 days of exposure to 0.40 mmol kg-1, the final body weights were 81% and 86% of control values for males and females, respectively. When major organ weights were normalized by body weight, liver and kidney values were generally increased relative to control in the two highest dose groups after 10- and 90-day chemical exposure. Serum chemistries and histopathology indicated a mild hepatotoxic response to 1,2,3-TCP in the high dose group of each study but did not support any renal toxicity. Thymic weight reduction due to atrophy occurred at 10 days of exposure in high dose groups but was normal in all groups after the 90-day treatment. The primary histological finding in this study was an inflammation-associated cardiopathy produced by 1,2,3-TCP. Myocardial necrosis and degeneration occurred in a diffuse pattern with marked eosinophilia of affected cells. Male and female animals showed a cardiopathic response only at a dose of 0.8 mmol kg-1 1,2,3-TCP after the 10-day exposure. In the subchronic study, the incidence of cardiopathy was more prevalent in males than in females. In addition to cardiac effects, the 90-day chemical exposure produced bile duct hyperplasia in 40% and 80% of males and females, respectively. This observation may be significant, since five other neoplastic and proliferative lesions were observed in rats receiving 1,2,3-TCP subchronically. Thus, this study demonstrates that heart and liver were target organs for 1,2,3-TCP toxicity and suggests that 1,2,3-TCP exposure may be involved in carcinogenesis. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1002/jat.2550110305 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FQ379 UT WOS:A1991FQ37900004 PM 1918791 ER PT J AU GRAY, JA KAVLOCK, RJ SEIDLER, FJ SLOTKIN, TA AF GRAY, JA KAVLOCK, RJ SEIDLER, FJ SLOTKIN, TA TI NEURAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL-FUNCTION - EFFECT OF NEONATAL CENTRAL CATECHOLAMINERGIC LESIONS WITH 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; KIDNEY; HEART; TERATOGENESIS; PATHWAYS; RATS AB Peripheral sympathetic neurons are thought to provide trophic regulatory signals for development of their target tissues. In the current study, we investigated the role of sympathetic tone in the functional development of kidney in rats, using neonatal intracisternal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). This treatment destroys central catecholaminergic pathways and permanently reduces sympathetic activity without ablating peripheral nerve terminals. Renal function was evaluated over the first two postnatal weeks, when glomerular and tubular function undergo rapid development. Although basal renal clearance and the homeostatic response to fluid deprivation developed normally in the lesioned rats, the response to a maximally-effective dose of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), a vasopressin analog, became deficient by the end of the second week. After weaning, the lesioned animals were unable to survive a chronic salt load, which requires sustained water reabsorption but high output of sodium. These data indicate that normal sympathetic tone is required for appropriate development of the responsiveness of the renal tubule to vasopressin. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP GRAY, JA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH MD67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU PHS HHS [CR813769] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAXTON COMMUNICATIONS PI BUCKS PA ATTN: TINA CLARKE BUCKS, ENGLAND HP13 5HG ESS CENTRE BELLFIELD ROAD, SN 0141-9846 J9 J DEV PHYSIOL JI J. Dev. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 15 IS 6 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Physiology SC Developmental Biology; Physiology GA GR378 UT WOS:A1991GR37800002 PM 1684371 ER PT J AU REILLY, WK AF REILLY, WK TI ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP REILLY, WK (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 794 EP 795 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FU112 UT WOS:A1991FU11200002 ER PT J AU CADLE, SH CARLOCK, M GIBBS, RE KNAPP, KT LLOYD, AC PIERSON, WR AF CADLE, SH CARLOCK, M GIBBS, RE KNAPP, KT LLOYD, AC PIERSON, WR TI CRC-APRAC VEHICLE EMISSIONS MODELING WORKSHOP SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE EMISSION; PROGRAM AB A conference was held on October 30-31, 1990 to examine discrepancies between the output of vehicle emission factor models (MOBILE and EMFAC), field and laboratory measurements of vehicle emmissions, and observed ratios of pollutants in urban atmospheres dominated by vehicle emissions. There was a general consensus that significant discrepancies exist and that these discrepancies must be resolved. A number of research recommendations were made as to how models and model inputs could be improved, and what additional laboratory and field work should be conducted. C1 CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD,SACRAMENTO,CA 95812. NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,ALBANY,NY 12233. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. S COAST AIR QUAL MANAGEMENT DIST,ELMONTE,CA. DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89506. RP CADLE, SH (reprint author), GM CORP,RES LABS,30500,MOUND RD,WARREN,MI 48090, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 817 EP 820 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FU112 UT WOS:A1991FU11200005 ER PT J AU DELLINGER, B MAZER, SL DOBBS, RA AF DELLINGER, B MAZER, SL DOBBS, RA TI LABORATORY EVALUATIONS OF THE THERMAL-DEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF TOXIC ORGANIC MATERIALS IN SEWAGE-SLUDGE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Laboratory thermal decomposition studies were performed to evaluate potential emissions from sewage sludge incinerators. Precisely controlled thermal decomposition experiments were conducted on sludge spiked with mixtures of hazardous organic compounds, on mixtures of pure compounds without sludge, and on unspiked sludge. Experiments were conducted in nitrogen and air atmospheres with gas phase reaction times of 2.0 seconds over the temperature range 300-degrees-C-1000-degrees-C. It was found that sludge inhibited the decomposition of moderately stable spiked contaminants but accelerated the decomposition of the most stable components. This effect was attributed to radical scavengers produced by the sludge matrix at lower temperatures which then decomposed at higher temperatures. A multiple hearth simulation study suggested that most of the organic material present in the sludge matrix is vaporized within the upper hearths that are held at lower temperatures and may consequently escape from such incinerators undestroyed. A number of stable byproducts resulted from the sludge decomposition that may be of environmental concern. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP DELLINGER, B (reprint author), UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,ENVIRONM SCI GRP,DAYTON,OH 45469, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 838 EP 843 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FU112 UT WOS:A1991FU11200009 PM 1910751 ER PT J AU SUMMERHAYS, J AF SUMMERHAYS, J TI EVALUATION OF RISKS FROM URBAN AIR-POLLUTANTS IN THE SOUTHEAST CHICAGO AREA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Region V of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a comprehensive study of cancer risks from urban exposure to air pollutants in the Southeast Chicago area. This study estimated emissions of a list of 30 air carcinogens from a broad range of nontraditional, as well as traditional, source types. Using dispersion modeling and applying the appropriate unit risk factors and population data, this study estimated the risks at each receptor location and the total number of cancer cases attributable to air pollution in the area. This analysis estimated that current concentrations would cause 77 cases of cancer over the next 70 years, an average risk of 2.0 x 10(-4). Contributions from different source types and different pollutants were estimated. The total contribution from nontraditional source types was less than 0.3 percent. Although these estimates are highly uncertain, the study does suggest the nature and general magnitude of cancer risks from air pollution in the urban area studied. RP SUMMERHAYS, J (reprint author), US EPA,AIR ENFORCEMENT BRANCH,REG V,230 S DEARBORN ST,CHICAGO,IL 60604, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 844 EP 850 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FU112 UT WOS:A1991FU11200010 PM 1910752 ER PT J AU DEPERCIN, PR AF DEPERCIN, PR TI DEMONSTRATION OF INSITU STEAM AND HOT-AIR STRIPPING TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Between September 5 and October 5, 1989 a field demonstration of the Nova Terra, Inc. Detoxifier [formerly called Toxic Treatment (USA)] was performed by the U.S. EPA under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The Nova Terra Detoxifier process injects steam and hot air directly into the ground to vaporize and strip volatile and semivolatile organics. Two augers loosen and homogenize the soil during the stripping process. The steam, hot air and organics are carried to the soil surface and collected for treatment. The field demonstration was performed at the GATX Annex Terminal located at the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, California. Approximately 17 percent of the 5.2 acre site is contaminated with chlorinated solvents, plasticizers, coatings, adhesives and paint additives, and other miscellaneous chemicals from aboveground storage tanks and transfer operations to railroad cars. The objectives of this SITE Demonstration were to determine the in situ soil concentrations before and after treatment, quantify process stream emissions (fugitive and sidestreams), determine process operating conditions, and determine if vertical migration of contaminants is occurring. Results from the SITE demonstration showed that a substantial amount of the VOCs were removed, about half the SVOCs were removed, there was very little fugitive air emissions from the operation, and what little downward migration occured (if any) was inconsequential. RP DEPERCIN, PR (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 873 EP 877 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FU112 UT WOS:A1991FU11200015 ER PT J AU SCHREINEMACHERS, DM EVERSON, RB AF SCHREINEMACHERS, DM EVERSON, RB TI EFFECT OF RESIDUAL SPLENIC FUNCTION AND FOLATE LEVELS ON THE FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEATED RED-BLOOD-CELLS IN SPLENECTOMIZED HUMANS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MICRONUCLEI; FOLATE; SPLENECTOMY ID CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE; ERYTHROCYTES; DAMAGE; PERSISTENCE; MICE AB Frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of splenectomized individuals can be used as an index of genetic damage to erythrocyte precursor cells in the bone marrow. This is in contrast to non-splenectomized humans, whose micronucleated erythrocytes are removed by the spleen. Many subjects whose spleen has been removed surgically have residual spleen tissue and consequent residual spleen function (RSF), which can be measured by the percentage of 'pitted' peripheral red blood cells. In this study evidence of RSF was associated with decreased frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes. Analysis of data limited to subjects with minimal spleen function suggested an inverse association between the incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes and serum folate levels that was not apparent in the absence of stringent control for RSF. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,MAIL DROP 55A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-25018] NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1991 VL 263 IS 2 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(91)90061-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FT581 UT WOS:A1991FT58100001 PM 1710775 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM LAWRENCE, BK BROOKS, HG HOUK, VS AF DEMARINI, DM LAWRENCE, BK BROOKS, HG HOUK, VS TI COMPATIBILITY OF ORGANIC-SOLVENTS WITH THE MICROSCREEN PROPHAGE-INDUCTION ASSAY - SOLVENT MUTAGEN INTERACTIONS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PROPHAGE LAMBDA; DNA DAMAGE; SOS REPAIR; SOLVENT INTERACTIONS ID SALMONELLA-MICROSOME TEST; SOS CHROMOTEST; CHEMICALS; LAMBDA; CARCINOGENS AB The following solvents did not induce prophage lambda in the Escherichia coli WP2s(lambda) Microscreen assay: acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, n-hexane, isopropanol, methanol, toluene, and a mixture of the three isomers of xylene. Dimethyl sulfoxide was genotoxic in the presence and absence of S9, and methylene chloride was weakly genotoxic in the presence of S9. The genotoxic potencies of 2-aminoanthracene and 2-nitrofluorene were reduced when dissolved in DMSO or methanol compared to their potencies when dissolved in acetone. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,DURHAM,NC 27711. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1991 VL 263 IS 2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(91)90067-E PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FT581 UT WOS:A1991FT58100007 PM 1828534 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JE SHANK, T LEWTAS, J LEFEVRE, PA ASHBY, J AF GALLAGHER, JE SHANK, T LEWTAS, J LEFEVRE, PA ASHBY, J TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF P-32 POSTLABELING OF DNA AND THE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC UDS ASSAY IN THE LIVER OF RATS EXPOSED TO 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE (2AAF) SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE P-32-POSTLABELING; UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTHESIS; 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE; (RAT) ID REPAIR ASSAY; ADDUCTS; INVIVO; REMOVAL; HEPATOCYTES; BINDING AB Groups of male Alderley Park rats were dosed concomitantly with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) by gavage at doses between 0.01 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, and livers sampled 2-72 h later. The liver of one group of animals was perfused to yield hepatocytes which were assayed in vitro for unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) via incorporation of tritiated thymidine and autoradiography. DNA was extracted from the livers of the other group and DNA adduct levels determined using the P-32-postlabelling technique. The major C-8 2-aminofluorene/guanosine adduct and 3 minor adducts were quantitated, enabling the relative sensitivity of the 2 techniques to be compared. A dose- and time-related UDS response was observed, which, at the most sensitive time-point (12 h) enabled DNA repair to be discerned at a dose level of 0.1-1 mg/kg of 2AAF, a response classified as formally positive at 5 mg/kg 2AAF. Only the C-8 adduct, as determined by P-32-postlabelling, was discernible at 0.01 mg/kg of 2AAF, although other adducts were visible on autoradiograms at higher dose levels. It is concluded that as part of a well-defined dose response, UDS can be discerned with confidence for doses of 2AAF between approximately 0.1 and 5 mg/kg, and DNA adducts for doses of 2AAF between approximately 0.01 and 1 mg/kg. Discernible UDS for 2AAF in the rat liver is apparent at approximately 13 DNA (total) adducts/10(8) nucleotides, or approximately 8 DNA (C-8) adducts/10(8) nucleotides. The presumed C-8 2-acetylaminofluorene/guanosine adduct, prepared by reaction of 2-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAAF) with DNA, was a significant but unreliable marker of 2AAF/DNA adducts in the rat liver in vivo. DNA repair did not appear to remove DNA adducts selectively, and adducts remained in DNA when discernible DNA repair had ceased. C1 ICI PLC,CENT TOXICOL LAB,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TG,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GALLAGHER, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1991 VL 252 IS 3 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90004-R PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FR469 UT WOS:A1991FR46900004 PM 2052005 ER PT J AU ASHBY, J LEFEVRE, PA SHANK, T LEWTAS, J GALLAGHER, JE AF ASHBY, J LEFEVRE, PA SHANK, T LEWTAS, J GALLAGHER, JE TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF P-32 POSTLABELING OF DNA AND THE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC UDS ASSAY IN THE LIVER OF MICE EXPOSED TO 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE (2AAF) SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE P-32-POSTLABELING; UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTHESIS; 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE; (MICE) ID REPAIR ASSAY; B6C3F1 MOUSE; RAT-LIVER; ADDUCTS; INVIVO; HEPATOCYTES; INVITRO; PROLIFERATION; INDUCTION; EXCISION AB In contrast to earlier studies conducted at lower dose levels, 2AAF is shown to induce a positive UDS response in the liver of mice dosed orally at dose levels between 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Similarly exposed mice had low levels of 2AAF-related hepatic DNA adducts at dose levels in the range 10-1000 mg/kg 2AAF, as determined by P-32-postlabelling analysis. It is concluded that the attenuated UDS response observed in the mouse liver, as compared to the rat liver, is due primarily to metabolic differences between these two species, coupled to a reduced capacity for UDS in the mouse liver for a given level of total 2AAF-related adducts per unit of DNA. These observations are compared and contrasted with identical studies conducted in the rat and reported in the preceding paper (Gallagher et al., 1991). C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP ASHBY, J (reprint author), ICI PLC,CENT TOXICOL LAB,ALDERLEY PK,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TJ,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1991 VL 252 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90005-S PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FR469 UT WOS:A1991FR46900005 PM 2052006 ER PT J AU VERONESI, B JONES, K GUPTA, S PRINGLE, J MEZEI, C AF VERONESI, B JONES, K GUPTA, S PRINGLE, J MEZEI, C TI MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN-MESSENGER RNA (MBP-MESSENGER RNA) EXPRESSION DURING TRIETHYLTIN-INDUCED MYELIN EDEMA SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRIETHYLTIN; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; MYELIN EDEMA; DEMYELINATION ID RAT-BRAIN MYELIN; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; QUAKING MOUSE; COPOLYMER-I; CNS MYELIN; TIN; EXPOSURE; NEURONS; SYSTEM; MUTANT AB Triethyltin (TET) is a neurotoxicant that produces severe but transient cerebral edema, characterized ultrastructurally by vacuolation of the intraperiod line of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. TET has been reported to depress levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), a protein thought to play a critical role in myelin compaction. In the present study, the genomic expression (i.e., mRNA) of MBP was monitored throughout the pathogenesis of TET-induced myelin edema and recovery in Sprague-Dawley rats given a single injection of a neuropathic (8.0 mg/kg) or non-neuropathic (0.8 mg/kg) dose of TET-bromide. Levels of MBP-mRNA from the anterior and posterior brain were collected 1 hr, 3 hr, 2d, and 7d, postexposure. The optic nerve and caudal brainstem, representing anterior and posterior brain sites, respectively, were examined at the same time-points for ultrastructural evidence of edema and recovery. Our data indicate that neuropathic doses (8.0 mg/kg) of TET significantly stimulated MBP transcript throughout the brain at all exposure time-points. The magnitude and time-course of this stimulation differed in the anterior and posterior brain, with the latter region showing higher levels of MBP-mRNA. In the posterior brain, the highest levels of mRNA correlated with the appearance of edema in the caudal brainstem. In the anterior brain, MBP-mRNA levels were only marginally increased over controls. Ultrastructural evidence of myelin edema was confined to the brainstem in rats treated with neuropathic dose of TET. Intralamellar vacuolation appeared at 3 hr and 2d postexposure and could be correlated with peak levels of MBP transcript, whereas, recompacted myelin, which appeared by 7d postexposure, was associated with declining levels of the mRNA. Ultrastructural changes in the oligodendroglia were suggestive of metabolic stimulation and correlated with high MBP-mRNA levels. In summary, these data indicate that an initial genomic event in TET-induced myelin edema is stimulation of MBP transcript. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,HALIFAX B3H 4H2,NS,CANADA. RP VERONESI, B (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 265 EP 276 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FP812 UT WOS:A1991FP81200010 PM 1720231 ER PT J AU MACE, T AF MACE, T TI SPECIAL ISSUE - INTEGRATION OF REMOTE-SENSING AND GIS AND FEATURING THE 1991 ASPRS DIRECTORY OF THE MAPPING SCIENCES - FOREWORD SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material RP MACE, T (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 641 EP 641 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FP856 UT WOS:A1991FP85600006 ER PT J AU LUNETTA, RS CONGALTON, RG FENSTERMAKER, LK JENSEN, JR MCGWIRE, KC TINNEY, LR AF LUNETTA, RS CONGALTON, RG FENSTERMAKER, LK JENSEN, JR MCGWIRE, KC TINNEY, LR TI REMOTE-SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM DATA INTEGRATION - ERROR SOURCES AND RESEARCH ISSUES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; LAND-USE; COEFFICIENT; VEGETATION; AGREEMENT; IMAGES AB Data derived from remote sensors are increasingly being utilized as a data source in geographic information systems (GIS). Error associated with the remote sensing and GIS data acquisition, processing, analysis, conversion, and final product presentation can have a significant impact on the confidence of decisions made using the data. The goal of this paper is to provide a broad overview of spatial data error sources, and to identify priority research topics which will reduce impediments and enhance the quality of integrated remote sensing and GIS data. Potential sources of error will be identified at each data integration process step, impacts of error propagation on the decision making and implementation processes will be assessed, and priority error quantification research topics will be recommended. Suggested priorities for error quantification research topics include the development of standardized and more cost-effective remote sensing accuracy assessment procedures, development of field verification data collection guidelines, procedures for vector-to-raster and raster-to-vector conversions, assessment of scaling issues for the incorporation of elevation data in georeferencing, and development of standardized geometric and thematic reliability legend diagrams. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB LV, AMS, DESERT RES INST, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. UNIV S CAROLINA, DEPT GEOG, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, DEPT GEOG, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. EG&G ENERGY MEASUREMENTS INC, REMOTE SENSING LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV 89125 USA. RP LUNETTA, RS (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, POB 93478, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. NR 62 TC 146 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 677 EP 687 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FP856 UT WOS:A1991FP85600011 ER PT J AU SHEEDY, BR LAZORCHAK, JM GRUNWALD, DJ PICKERING, QH PILLI, A HALL, D WEBB, R AF SHEEDY, BR LAZORCHAK, JM GRUNWALD, DJ PICKERING, QH PILLI, A HALL, D WEBB, R TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON FRESH-WATER ORGANISMS SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION LA English DT Review ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; CHANNA-PUNCTATUS BLOCH; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; CATFISH HETEROPNEUSTES-FOSSILIS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA STRAUS; ASELLUS-AQUATICUS L; EARLY LIFE STAGES C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, AQUAT BIOL BRANCH, 3411 CHURCH ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45244 USA. ASC CORP, DULUTH, MN USA. COMP SCI CORP, DULUTH, MN USA. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC, CINCINNATI, OH USA. OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 816 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1047-7624 J9 RES J WATER POLLUT C PD JUN PY 1991 VL 63 IS 4 BP 619 EP 696 PG 78 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FR368 UT WOS:A1991FR36800044 ER PT J AU REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC AF REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC TI EFFECTS ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WIDESPREAD NEOGASTROPOD IMPOSEX; CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN COASTS; CHRONIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; MYSID MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TRACE-METALS; HEAVY-METALS; OIL-SPILL; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. PTI,BELLEVUE,WA. NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP REISH, DJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1047-7624 J9 RES J WATER POLLUT C PD JUN PY 1991 VL 63 IS 4 BP 696 EP 709 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FR368 UT WOS:A1991FR36800045 ER PT J AU FREUDENBURG, WR JONES, TR AF FREUDENBURG, WR JONES, TR TI ATTITUDES AND STRESS IN THE PRESENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL RISK - A TEST OF THE SUPREME-COURT HYPOTHESIS SO SOCIAL FORCES LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; THREE-MILE-ISLAND; NUCLEAR-POWER; LIFE EVENTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; COMMUNITY; DISASTER; SCIENCE; VICTIMIZATION; DISORDERS C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP FREUDENBURG, WR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT RURAL SOCIOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 106 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 SN 0037-7732 J9 SOC FORCES JI Soc. Forces PD JUN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1168 DI 10.2307/2579306 PG 26 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA FV546 UT WOS:A1991FV54600008 ER PT J AU POTTER, WT RONG, S GRIFFITH, J WHITE, J GARRY, VF AF POTTER, WT RONG, S GRIFFITH, J WHITE, J GARRY, VF TI PHOSPHINE-MEDIATED HEINZ BODY FORMATION AND HEMOGLOBIN OXIDATION IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHINE; HEMOGLOBIN OXIDATION; HEINZ BODIES AB In this work the in vitro reactions of phosphine with intact red blood cells and membrane-free hemoglobin extracts are reported. We demonstrate that phosphine or phosphine derivatives induce dense aggregates of denatured hemoglobin known as 'Heinz bodies' in intact red blood cells. The reaction products include irreversible hemichrome formation. We further demonstrate an oxygen requirement for these effects. PH3 appears to act as a novel type of O2 radical chain initiator or propagator with heme proteins. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,ENVIRONM MED & PATHOL LAB,STONE LAB 1,1ST FLOOR,421 29TH AVE SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(91)90117-O PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FT633 UT WOS:A1991FT63300005 PM 2048160 ER PT J AU MARTIN, JL RICHARDSON, WL MCCUTCHEON, SC AF MARTIN, JL RICHARDSON, WL MCCUTCHEON, SC TI MODELING STUDIES FOR PLANNING - THE GREEN BAY PROJECT SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE MODELING; WATER QUALITY; GREEN BAY; PCB; TOXICANTS; SEDIMENTS; PLANNING; SAMPLE DESIGN ID PHOSPHORUS AB A major contaminant monitoring and modeling study is underway for Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Monitoring programs in support of contaminant modeling of large waterbodies, such as for Green Bay, are expensive and their extent is often limited by budget limitations, laboratory capacity, and logistic constraints. Therefore, it is imperative that available resources be used in the most efficient manner possible. This use, or allocation of resources, may be aided through the application of readily available models in the planning stages of projects. To aid in the planning effort for the Green Bay project, a workshop was held and studies designed to aid in the allocation of resources for a year-long intensive field study. Physical/chemical and food chain models were applied using historical data to aid in project planning by identifying processes having the greatest impact on the predictive capability of mass balance models. Studies were also conducted to estimate errors in computed tributary loadings and in-Bay concentrations and contaminant mass associated with different sampling strategies. The studies contributed to the overall project design, which was a collaborative effort with many participants involved in budgeting, field data collection, analysis, processing of data, quality assurance, data management and modeling activities. C1 US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MARTIN, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ASCI CORP,CTR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELING,987 GAINES SCH RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA GR495 UT WOS:A1991GR49500007 ER PT J AU BAKER, LA HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR EILERS, JM AF BAKER, LA HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR EILERS, JM TI ACIDIC LAKES AND STREAMS IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE ROLE OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; ACIDIFICATION; RAIN; ALKALINITY; FLORIDA AB A statistically designed survey of lakes and streams conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency in acid-sensitive areas of the United States, the National Surface Water Survey (NSWS), was used to identify the role of acidic deposition relative to other factors in causing acidic conditions in an estimated 1180 lakes and 4670 streams. Atmospheric deposition was the dominant source of acid anions in 75 percent of the acidic lakes and 47 percent of the acidic streams. Organic anions were dominant in one-fourth of the acidic lakes and streams; acidic mine drainage was the dominant acid source in 26 percent of the acidic streams. Other causes of acidic conditions were relatively unimportant on a regional scale. Nearly all the deposition-dominated acidic systems were found in six well-delineated subpopulations that represent about one-fourth of the NSWS lake population and one-third of the NSWS stream population. C1 US EPA,UTAH STATE UNIV,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. E&S ENVIRONM CHEM INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97339. RP BAKER, LA (reprint author), US EPA,MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES RES CTR,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 45 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 24 PY 1991 VL 252 IS 5009 BP 1151 EP 1154 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FN056 UT WOS:A1991FN05600043 ER PT J AU FRANKFURT, M OCALLAGHAN, J BEAUDET, A AF FRANKFURT, M OCALLAGHAN, J BEAUDET, A TI 5,7-DIHYDROXYTRYPTAMINE INJECTIONS INCREASE GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF ADULT-RATS SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE ASTROCYTE; HYPOTHALAMUS; SEROTONIN; 5,7-DIHYDROXYTRYPTAMINE; VENTROMEDIAL ID ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; SEROTONIN; INJURY; BRAIN; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; BINDING; GFAP AB The distribution and levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were determined in the adult rat hypothalamus following axotomy of serotonin (5-HT) neurons. Seven days after unilateral intrahypothalamic injection of the 5-HT neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, there was a marked increase in the number of GFAP-labelled astrocytes in the ipsilateral hypothalamus of 5,7-DHT-treated as compared to sham-treated rats. In addition, levels of GFAP were significantly increased 7 days after 5,7-DHT injection. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MONTREAL NEUROL HOSP & INST,NEUROANAT LAB,MONTREAL H3A 2B4,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP FRANKFURT, M (reprint author), ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEUROENDOCRINOL LAB,BOX 290,1230 YORK AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 17 PY 1991 VL 549 IS 1 BP 138 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90609-Y PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FP949 UT WOS:A1991FP94900018 PM 1893246 ER PT J AU WINSTEAD, JT MIDDAUGH, DP COURTNEY, LA AF WINSTEAD, JT MIDDAUGH, DP COURTNEY, LA TI OVARIAN MYCOSIS IN THE TOPSMELT ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Note AB An ovarian mycosis in a topsmelt Atherinops affinis (Ayres), collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California, USA, is reported. The fungus caused a considerable host response resulting in numerous granulomas and follicular atresia. Based on morphologic characteristics, the fungus was probably a member of the class Oomycetes. This is the first report of an invasive ovarian mycosis in a marine fish. RP WINSTEAD, JT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 8 PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.3354/dao010221 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA FN121 UT WOS:A1991FN12100011 ER PT J AU MORGENSTERN, RD AF MORGENSTERN, RD TI TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOC CY DEC 28-30, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ECON ASSOC RP MORGENSTERN, RD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ECON ASSN PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY SUITE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA FJ364 UT WOS:A1991FJ36400025 ER PT J AU MUELLER, JG MIDDAUGH, DP LANTZ, SE CHAPMAN, PJ AF MUELLER, JG MIDDAUGH, DP LANTZ, SE CHAPMAN, PJ TI BIODEGRADATION OF CREOSOTE AND PENTACHLOROPHENOL IN CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER - CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COAL-TAR; SOIL AB Shake flask studies examined the rate and extent of biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 42 components of coal-tar creosote present in contaminated groundwater recovered from the American Creosote Works Superfund site, Pensacola, Fla. The ability of indigenous soil microorganisms to remove these contaminants from aqueous solutions was determined by gas chromatographic analysis of organic extracts of biotreated groundwater. Changes in potential environmental and human health hazards associated with the biodegradation of this material were determined at intervals by Microtox assays and fish toxicity and teratogenicity tests. After 14 days of incubation at 30-degrees-C, indigenous microorganisms effectively removed 100, 99, 94, 88, and 87% of measured phenolic and lower-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and S-heterocyclic, N-heterocyclic, and O-heterocyclic constituents of creosote, respectively. However, only 53% of the higher-molecular-weight PAHs were degraded; PCP was not removed. Despite the removal of a majority of the organic contaminants through biotreatment, only a slight decrease in the toxicity and teratogenicity of biotreated groundwater was observed. Data suggest that toxicity and teratogenicity are associated with compounds difficult to treat biologically and that one may not necessarily rely on indigenous microorganisms to effectively remove these compounds in a reasonable time span; to this end, alternative or supplemental approaches may be necessary. Similar measures of the toxicity and teratogenicity of treated material may offer a simple, yet important, guide to bioremediation effectiveness. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MUELLER, JG (reprint author), SO BIO PROD INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 28 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1285 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FK459 UT WOS:A1991FK45900001 PM 1854192 ER PT J AU SAID, WA LEWIS, DL AF SAID, WA LEWIS, DL TI QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF METALS ON MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC-CHEMICALS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; THYMIDINE INCORPORATION; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; SULFATE REDUCTION; COMMUNITIES; RATES; METHANOGENESIS; MICROORGANISMS; TRANSFORMATION AB Biodegradation inhibition of a benchmark chemical, 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (2,4-DME), was used to quantify the inhibitory effects of heavy metals on aerobic microbial degradation rates of organic chemicals. This procedure used lake sediments and aufwuchs (floating mats) collected in the field or from laboratory microcosms. Effects of CuCl2, HgCl2, ZnCl2, Cd(NO3)2, and Cr(NO3)3 at initial concentrations ranging from 0.3-mu-M to 73 mM (approximately 0.1 to 10,000 mg liter-1) were investigated. In general, such metallic compounds appeared to be considerably more inhibitory to the biodegradation of an organic chemical than high concentrations of microbially toxic organics studied previously. Effects of various metal concentrations were evaluated based on the following: (i) estimated MICs, (ii) concentrations that caused a significant effect on biodegradation parameters (both a > 10% decrease in V(max) and a > 10% increase in t1/2 for 2,4-DME degradation), and (iii) concentrations that caused biodegradation half-life doublings (HLDs). The MICs of metals in sediment were lowest for Zn2+ (0.10-mu-M) and highest for Cd2+ and Cu2+ (0.9 and 1.2-mu-M, respectively). The MICs of metals in aufwuchs were lowest for Hg2+ (0.01-mu-M), intermediate for Cu2+ and Zn2+ (0.42 and 0.62-mu-M, respectively), and highest for Cr3+ and Cd2+ (3.4 and 5.6-mu-M, respectively). Compared with Cu2+ on aufwuchs, 70 times more Zn2+, 250 times more Cr3+, and 1,000 times more Cd2+ was required to significantly affect aufwuchs biodegradation rate parameters and coefficients (V(max) and t1/2). Aufwuchs was significantly affected by the lowest Hg2+ concentration tested (5-mu-M). The HLDs of metals in sediment were 0.17, 0.24, and 0.79 mM for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+, respectively. The HLDs of metals in aufwuchs were 2.0 and 3.0-mu-M for Cu2+ and Hg2+, respectively, and 0.14, 0.44, and 1.2 mM for Cr3+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, respectively. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,FAC ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 23 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1503 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FK459 UT WOS:A1991FK45900033 PM 1854203 ER PT J AU SAUCH, JF BERMAN, D AF SAUCH, JF BERMAN, D TI IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF GIARDIA-LAMBLIA CYSTS EXPOSED TO CHLORINE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ANIMAL-MODEL; SAMPLES AB Giardia cyst-like objects detected by immunofluorescence in chlorinated water samples often cannot be positively identified by their morphological appearance. To determine the effect of chlorine on cyst immunofluorescence and morphology, Giardia lamblia cysts were exposed to chlorine for 48 h. The majority of cysts exposed to chlorine concentrations of 1 to 11 mg/liter at 5 and 15-degrees-C lost their internal morphological characteristics necessary for identification, but most of them were still detectable by immunofluorescence. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SAUCH, JF (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1575 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FK459 UT WOS:A1991FK45900047 PM 1854208 ER PT J AU SCHOOR, WP WILLIAMS, DE TAKAHASHI, N AF SCHOOR, WP WILLIAMS, DE TAKAHASHI, N TI THE INDUCTION OF CYTOCHROME-P-450-IA1 IN JUVENILE FISH BY CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE TOXICITY; PENSACOLA; CHEMICALS; FLORIDA; ENVIRONMENT; HARBOR; SITE AB Intact sediment cores, including their surface layers, were used in simulated field exposure tests of juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to creosote-contaminated sediments. Mixed-function oxygenase activity was induced in the fish after 43 days of exposure to environmentally realistic, sublethal concentrations of creosote-related compounds. An average 50-fold induction in the cytochrome P-450-IA1 was found in the liver in the absence of any histopathological lesions. The possibility that a threshold level for proliferative liver changes was not reached is discussed in the light of the observed biochemical activation. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP SCHOOR, WP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03850, ES04766] NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FH939 UT WOS:A1991FH93900007 PM 2069423 ER PT J AU CHESTNUT, LG SCHWARTZ, J SAVITZ, DA BURCHFIEL, CM AF CHESTNUT, LG SCHWARTZ, J SAVITZ, DA BURCHFIEL, CM TI PULMONARY-FUNCTION AND AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER - EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE FROM NHANES-I SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; AIR-POLLUTION; UCLA POPULATION; LUNG-FUNCTION; MORBIDITY; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; HEALTH AB The relationship between pulmonary function and quarterly average levels of total suspended particulates (TSP) was examined for adults who resided in 49 of the locations where the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survery (NHANES I) was conducted. Statistically significant relationships were observed between TPS levels and forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1.0). These relationships remained strong across several specifications and sample changes, e.g., exclusion of cities with two highest and two lowest TSP levels, restriction of sample to whites only. Anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic characteristics of the subjects were included in the analysis, and we restricted the sample to "never" smokers. The results indicate a 1 standard deviation increase (about 34-mu-g/m3) in TSP from the sample mean of 87-mu-g/m3 was associated with an average decrease in FVC of 2.25%. The results of this analysis also suggest that there is a threshold level (i.e., approximately 60-mu-g/m3 [quarterly average]) of TSP below which a relationship with pulmonary function cases to exist. C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. DOW CHEM CO USA,MIDLAND,MI 48640. RP CHESTNUT, LG (reprint author), BAILLY INC,RCG HAGLER,BOULDER,CO 80306, USA. NR 29 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FM361 UT WOS:A1991FM36100001 PM 2039267 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF KEHRL, HR ABDULSALAAM, S IVES, PJ FOLINSBEE, LJ DEVLIN, RB ONEIL, JJ HORSTMAN, DH AF MCDONNELL, WF KEHRL, HR ABDULSALAAM, S IVES, PJ FOLINSBEE, LJ DEVLIN, RB ONEIL, JJ HORSTMAN, DH TI RESPIRATORY RESPONSE OF HUMANS EXPOSED TO LOW-LEVELS OF OZONE FOR 6.6 HOURS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; EXERCISE AB Recent evidence suggests that prolonged exposures of exercising men to 0.08 ppm ozone (O3) result in significant decrements in lung function, induction of respiratory symptoms, and increases in nonspecific airway reactivity. The purpose of this study was to confirm or refute these findings by exposing 38 healthy young men to 0.08 ppm O3 for 6.6 h. During exposure, subjects performed exercise for a total of 5 h, which required a minute ventilation of 40 I/min. Significant O3-induced decrements were observed for forced vital capacity (FVC, -0.25 I), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0, -0.35 I) and mean expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75, -0.57 I/s), and significant increases were observed in airway reactivity (35%), specific airway resistance (0.77 cm H2O/s), and respiratory symptoms. These results essentially confirm previous findings. A large range in individual responses was noted (e.g., percentage change in FEV1.0: 4% increase to 38% decrease). Responses also appeared to be nonlinear in time under these experimental conditions. C1 ABB ENVIRONM,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP MCDONNELL, WF (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FM361 UT WOS:A1991FM36100002 PM 2039268 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR MUNSLOW, WD GRANGE, AH PETTIT, TL SIMMONS, RD KUMAR, KS SOVOCOOL, GW AF DONNELLY, JR MUNSLOW, WD GRANGE, AH PETTIT, TL SIMMONS, RD KUMAR, KS SOVOCOOL, GW TI A GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC APPROACH FOR ISOMER-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE 1700 BROMO-DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS, CHLORO-DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS, AND BROMOCHLORO-DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS SO BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; INCINERATOR FLY-ASH; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RETENTION INDEX; P-DIOXINS; IDENTIFICATION; PYROLYSIS; MIXTURES AB A combined approach using gas chromatographic retention indices and mass spectrometric characteristics has been elaborated for the isomer-specific identification of the 1700 bromo-, chloro- and bromochloro-dioxins which may be found in the environment. Over 100 dioxins were synthesized to develop this approach. This environmental monitoring strategy allows qualitative and quantitative monitoring of the 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers, which are considered to be more toxic, and many of which have assigned toxicity equivalency factors. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,ENVIRONM PROGRAMS OFF,1050 E FLAMINGO RD,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9306 J9 BIOL MASS SPECTROM JI Biol. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1002/bms.1200200515 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA FL336 UT WOS:A1991FL33600014 ER PT J AU KUEHL, DW EISENSCHENK, L NAUMANN, S JOHNSON, RD REGAL, R BARNIDGE, P MCKIM, J AF KUEHL, DW EISENSCHENK, L NAUMANN, S JOHNSON, RD REGAL, R BARNIDGE, P MCKIM, J TI COMPARISON OF NUCLEOSIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD OF FISH WITH AND WITHOUT TUMORS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-RNA; MARKERS C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPER ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT STAT,DULUTH,MN 55812. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP KUEHL, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FE998 UT WOS:A1991FE99800012 PM 1903994 ER PT J AU MIAH, MJ VANREMORTEL, RD BYERS, GE PAPP, ML TEBERG, JE BLUME, LJ AF MIAH, MJ VANREMORTEL, RD BYERS, GE PAPP, ML TEBERG, JE BLUME, LJ TI A QUALITY ASSURANCE DESIGN FOR ESTIMATING DATA UNCERTAINTIES IN A SOIL CHARACTERIZATION STUDY SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Data collection is a multi-stage process in soil sampling and analysis, where measurement error cumulates in the data during each progressive stage. These errors are responsible for inducing uncertainty in the data. In this paper, a quality assurance design is presented for estimating the uncertainty from data collection error, where a linear model is used to define measurement imprecision and bias as the principal characteristics of measurement uncertainty quantified during the routine data analysis. In addition, estimates are made of confounded population and measurement uncertainty as a function of specific configurations of regional soils data. Induced uncertainties at different data collection stages are estimated using soil chemistry data from replicate samples and reference samples. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(91)80006-C PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA FR253 UT WOS:A1991FR25300006 ER PT J AU LAVELLE, JM AF LAVELLE, JM TI MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY CARCINOGENICITY AND SUPERFUND DECISIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON THE CHROMIUM PROBLEM : RESEARCH NEEDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT CY FEB 02-03, 1990 CL PISCATAWAY, NJ SP ENVORNM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI INST AB Heavy metals that contaminate soils and water usually exist in various oxidation states and form a number of compounds with different physical and chemical characteristics. These differences are often reflected in dramatic variation in toxicokinetic and biologic properties. Such variation in properties, critical in determining intrinsic toxicity, often causes a great deal of uncertainty in analyses of public health risks at sites where metal exposure is evaluated. In the Superfund program, such uncertainties may substantially undermine attempts to characterize potential impacts to populations exposed to metals from improperly disposed waste. In the case of chromium, risk assessment uncertainties can be considerable and fall generally into two categories. First, there is almost no information on potential health effects due to chronic oral exposure to chromium-containing compounds, and a nonquantifiable and probably large uncertainty exists in establishing no-effect levels. In fact, reference doses (RfDs) for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are based on chronic studies in which no adverse effects were seen even at the highest dose. Considerations of bioavailability, deduced from site characterization data, and acute toxicity indicate that general application of these RfDs may lead to highly inaccurate estimations of risk. Second, because of the ready reduction of (Cr(VI) in biological systems, it has not been possible to separate effects of Cr(VI) from those of Cr(III). Thus, data on the relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of these two species is sparse and difficult to interpret. Moreover, kinetic considerations make it difficult to determine the site and rates of reduction of Cr(VI). This makes prediction of target site concentrations of the two species difficult. The problem is particularly acute following inhalation exposure, since epidemiologic studies suggest that chromium induces lung cancer by this route, yet animal studies show cancer induction at sites of injection in various tissues. Knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis, along with a more complete empirical database, would increase confidence in oral RfDs, assist in establishing inhalation RfDs, and help evaluate the overall impact of inhalation of chromium on the induction of cancer. RP LAVELLE, JM (reprint author), US EPA,8HWM-SM,999 18TH ST,SUITE 500,DENVER,CO 80202, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 92 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.2307/3431148 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GB015 UT WOS:A1991GB01500019 PM 1935841 ER PT J AU LONGEST, HL AF LONGEST, HL TI GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP LONGEST, HL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF EMERGENCY & REMEDIAL RESPONSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 810 EP 810 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK083 UT WOS:A1991FK08300002 ER PT J AU DODD, JA ONDOV, JM TUNCEL, G DZUBAY, TG STEVENS, RK AF DODD, JA ONDOV, JM TUNCEL, G DZUBAY, TG STEVENS, RK TI MULTIMODAL SIZE SPECTRA OF SUBMICROMETER PARTICLES BEARING VARIOUS ELEMENTS IN RURAL AIR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRED POWER-PLANTS; REGIONAL SULFATE COMPONENT; FINE PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SHENANDOAH VALLEY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSIONS; IMPACTOR AB Samples of size-segregated submicrometer aerosol particles were collected with a microorifice impactor near Deep Creek Lake, a recreational area in rural western Maryland, and analyzed for up to 44 elements by instrumental neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence analyses. Differential concentration vs particle size spectra revealed as many as four distinct submicrometer aerosol modes with diameters between 0.09 and 1.0-mu-m in a single sample. The spectra of many elements, including Al, Zn, Na, K, Br, Ca, Ga, Fe, La, Sb, Ce, Ti, and I contained two or more modes. Modal diameters and S/Se ratios for samples influenced by northeasterly winds were smaller than those influenced by westerly winds, suggesting a greater age for the latter, despite the close proximity of several large coal-fired power plants to the west of the site. Large peaks in the spectra of S, As, Se, Sb, and V occurred at mass median aerodynamic diameters ranging from 0.3 to 0.6-mu-m in both day and nighttime samples. Simple dispersion estimates suggest that large peaks observed in daytime samples must include material from multiple sources, whereas mass in those observed in nighttime samples could be accounted for by single sources. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. US EPA,ATMOSPHER & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Ondov, John/B-6605-2009 NR 52 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 890 EP 903 DI 10.1021/es00017a010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK083 UT WOS:A1991FK08300016 ER PT J AU BRUSSEAU, ML WOOD, AL RAO, PSC AF BRUSSEAU, ML WOOD, AL RAO, PSC TI INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC COSOLVENTS ON THE SORPTION KINETICS OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-SOLVENTS; WATER; SOILS; POLLUTANTS; NONEQUILIBRIUM; DISPLACEMENT; SOLUBILITY; EQUILIBRIA; MIXTURES; SEDIMENT AB A quantitative examination of the kinetics of sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by soils from mixed solvents reveals that the reverse sorption rate constant (k2) increases log-linearly with increasing volume fraction of organic cosolvent (f(c)). This relationship was expected, based on the existence of a log-log inverse relationship between k2 and the equilibrium sorption constant (K(p)), and a log-linear inverse relationship between K(p) and f(c). These results are interpreted in terms of a conceptual model wherein sorption kinetics is controlled by diffusion of sorbate within the matrix of sorbent organic matter. Decreased polarity of the mixed solvent, caused by the addition of a cosolvent, appears to influence the conformation of the polymeric organic matter and, hence, the rate of sorbate diffusion. C1 US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74780. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BRUSSEAU, ML (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 42 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.1021/es00017a011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK083 UT WOS:A1991FK08300017 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM HOUK, VS LEWTAS, J WILLIAMS, RW NISHIOKA, MG SRIVASTAVA, RK RYAN, JV MCSORLEY, JA HALL, RE LINAK, WP AF DEMARINI, DM HOUK, VS LEWTAS, J WILLIAMS, RW NISHIOKA, MG SRIVASTAVA, RK RYAN, JV MCSORLEY, JA HALL, RE LINAK, WP TI MEASUREMENT OF MUTAGENIC EMISSIONS FROM THE INCINERATION OF THE PESTICIDE DINOSEB DURING APPLICATION OF COMBUSTION MODIFICATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AB The dinitroaromatic pesticide dinoseb was incinerated in a 0.6-MW (2 000 000 Btu/h) precombustion chamber burner/package boiler simulator that employed two combustion-modification technologies for NO(x) control, staged combustion, and/or reburning. The Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay was used to monitor the effect of these control technologies on the mutagenicity of the particle-bound and semivolatile dichloromethane-extractable organics of the emissions. The combination of staged combustion and reburning reduced not only the NO(x) emissions (by > 96%) compared to the absence of these two control technologies, but also the mutagenic potency of the emissions (by approximately 70%, -S9) and the mutagenic emission factor (by approximately 60%, -S9) compared to that of staged combustion alone. The mutagenic emission factor in the presence or absence of S9 was similar to that obtained for the burning of fuel oil for residential heating (approximately 1 revertant/kg of fuel x 10(5), +S9). Mutagenicity bioassays suggested that approximately 70-90% of the mutagenic activity of the organic emissions in the absence of S9 may be due to nitroaromatics. However, chemical analysis for a variety of nitroaromatics indicated the presence of only a few such compounds at detectable levels. In the presence of S9, the mutagenic potency of the organic emissions was increased approximately 50% by the addition of reburning. This is consistent with the conversion by reburning of nitroaromatics, which are mutagenic in the absence of S9, to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are mutagenic in the presence of S9. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,DURHAM,NC 27713. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS DIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. ACUREX CORP,DURHAM,NC 27713. US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 910 EP 913 DI 10.1021/es00017a012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK083 UT WOS:A1991FK08300018 ER PT J AU SEWELL, GW GIBSON, SA AF SEWELL, GW GIBSON, SA TI STIMULATION OF THE REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF TETRACHLOROETHENE IN ANAEROBIC AQUIFER MICROCOSMS BY THE ADDITION OF TOLUENE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP SEWELL, GW (reprint author), US EPA,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 982 EP 984 DI 10.1021/es00017a024 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK083 UT WOS:A1991FK08300030 ER PT J AU GELDREICH, EE AF GELDREICH, EE TI MICROBIAL WATER-QUALITY CONCERNS FOR WATER-SUPPLY USE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The greatest impact of water pollution on public health comes through drinking water, the source of which may be degraded by point and nonpoint pollution sources including municipal wastewater, storm water runoff, agricultural drainage, and food processing. While water treatment technology can successfully process poor quality source waters containing in excess of 2000 fecal coliforms/100 mL to produce potable water that meets the accepted drinking water standards, there is serious concern that the barriers to microbial breakthrough in the finished water may prove to be dangerously thin. Any momentary break in the treatment train could allow substantial levels of microorganisms to enter the final product-potable water. The burden of water quality enhancement should be a shared responsibility among all discharges and downstream users of these irreplaceable resources. Much can be accomplished through the application of a multiple barrier approach in wastewater treatment, controlled storm water releases, and water supply enhancement. Dischargers must seek to minimize pathogen releases, reduce particulate dispersion, and diminish organics in effluents. These factors impact heavily on the effectiveness of wastewater disinfection. Furthermore, with passage downstream to the water intake, these organic residuals may be the precursors of disinfection by-products created during drinking water treatment. Some water supply operations must revise their treatment practices to provide better protection from the passage of protozoan cysts and enhance the removal of organics before applying disinfection. Disinfection of water supply is critical and will only be consistently effective in a clean processed water. RP GELDREICH, EE (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1053-4725 J9 ENVIRON TOXIC WATER JI Environ. Toxicol. Water Quality PD MAY PY 1991 VL 6 IS 2 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1002/tox.2530060210 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA FH675 UT WOS:A1991FH67500009 ER PT J AU GRANDJEAN, P SANDOE, SH KIMBROUGH, RD AF GRANDJEAN, P SANDOE, SH KIMBROUGH, RD TI NONSPECIFICITY OF CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review AB 1 A review of the scientific literature revealed that 220 environmental chemicals had caused documented systemic toxicity in humans. This number is relatively small compared to the large number of industrial chemicals in the environment. 2 A total of 149 of these chemicals were verified as neurotoxins, thus emphasizing the sensitivity of this target organ. Despite the exclusion of chemicals that cause airway irritation only, 99 chemicals caused adverse effects on the respiratory system. Toxicity to the liver, kidneys and blood forming organs was less frequent. 3 Most of the individual clinical effects had a very low specificity in cases of human intoxication. Of 80 major signs and symptoms, 17 had only a single documented chemical aetiology. However, the combination of two or more signs or symptoms was found to provide an improved guidance to aetiological diagnosis. The paucity of specific signs and symptoms is probably one of the reasons that only 220 environmental chemicals have been documented as causes of human disease. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP GRANDJEAN, P (reprint author), ODENSE UNIV,INST COMMUNITY HLTH,JB WINSLOWSVEJ 17,DK-5000 ODENSE,DENMARK. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0144-5952 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FR554 UT WOS:A1991FR55400003 PM 1678944 ER PT J AU MCELROY, JL SMITH, TB AF MCELROY, JL SMITH, TB TI LIDAR DESCRIPTIONS OF MIXING-LAYER THICKNESS CHARACTERISTICS IN A COMPLEX TERRAIN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-BREEZE; CALIFORNIA; HEIGHT AB Airborne lidar and supplementary measurements made during a major study of air chemistry in southern Calfornia (SCCCAMP 1985) provided a rare opportunity to examine atmospheric boundary-layer structure in a coastal area with complex terrain. This structure results from a combination of daytime heating or convection in the boundary layer (CBL), the intrusion of a marine layer into the inland areas, the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) formed within the marine onshore flow, inland growth of the TIBL, interactions of the CBL and the TIBL, and airflow interactions with terrain features. Measurements showed offshore mixing-layer thicknesses during SCCCAMP to be quite uniform spatially and day to day at 100-200 m. Movement of this layer onshore occurred readily with terrain that sloped gradually upward (e.g., to 300 m MSL at 50 km inland), but was effectively blocked by a 400-500 m high coastal ridge. In the higher terrain beyond the coastal ridge, aerosol layers aloft were often created as a result of deep convection and of a combination of onshore flow and heated, upslope airflow activity. Such aerosol layers can extend far offshore when embedded in reverse circulations aloft. The forward boundary of the marine layer was quite sharp, resembling a miniature cold front. Within the marine layer the onshore flow initiates a TIBL at the coastline, which increases in depth with distance inland due to roughness and convective influences. A coherent marine layer with imbedded TIBL was maintained for inland distances of 20-50 km, depending on terrain. Intense heating occurred inland prior to the arrival and undercutting by the marine front. The resulting, effective mixing layer increased in thickness from a few hundred meters to nearly two kilometers in a very short distance. Comparisons of a representative, physically based TIBL and convective mixing-layer models with observed data indicate that they generally do a credible job of estimating the depth of the marine layer and the CBL when applied appropriately as a function of geographical location and physical situation. Empirical TIBL models usually did not perform as well as physically based models. C1 TB SMITH & ASSOCIATES INC,PASADENA,CA. RP MCELROY, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 585 EP 597 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<0585:LDOMLT>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FT300 UT WOS:A1991FT30000005 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, R SINHA, BK SMITH, WP AF OBRIEN, R SINHA, BK SMITH, WP TI A STATISTICAL PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE CLEANUP STANDARDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ASYMPTOTIC POWER; CLEANUP STANDARD; GAMMA DISTRIBUTION; LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST; UNIFORMLY MOST POWERFUL UNBIASED TEST AB The object of this paper is to develop a suitable statistical procedure to evaluate clean-up standards at hazardous waste sites. Under the assumptions that contaminant masses at a site follow a gamma distribution and that the data from the pre-remediation baseline sample as well as from the interim or final sample taken after a certain period of operation are both distributed as gamma with the same shape parameter but different scale parameters, we derive a uniformly most powerful unbiased test of the hypothesis that a specified percentage of contaminant mass has been reduced. A large-sample approximation of the exact test procedure and a comparison with the likelihood ratio test are provided. RP OBRIEN, R (reprint author), US EPA,STAT POLICY BRANCH,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1002/cem.1180050312 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA FQ606 UT WOS:A1991FQ60600011 ER PT J AU SMITH, GJ BAGNELL, CR BAKEWELL, WE BLACK, KA BOULDIN, TW EARNHARDT, TS HOOK, GER PRYZWANSKY, KB AF SMITH, GJ BAGNELL, CR BAKEWELL, WE BLACK, KA BOULDIN, TW EARNHARDT, TS HOOK, GER PRYZWANSKY, KB TI APPLICATION OF CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY IN EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE APOPTOSIS; SURFACTANT APOPROTEIN-A; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; PINOCYTOSIS ID PULMONARY SURFACTANT; CELL-DEATH; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; OXYGEN-TENSION; GLYCOPROTEIN-A; BLOOD-FLOW; RAT; FLUORESCENCE; MACROPHAGES; NEUROPATHY AB Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) represents an exciting new tool for scientific disciplines which focus on mechanistic studies such as experimental pathology. Enhanced resolution in the specimen plane and rejection of out-of-focus fluorescence flare allow analysis of specific nucleic acid sequences, enzymes, structural macromolecules, and cellular homeostasis utilizing fluorescent probes. Four different experimental applications are discussed which utilize CSLM to evaluate pathological processes at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a natural process of significance both during development and as a response to toxic stimuli. CSLM-imaging of nuclei of human B lymphoblastoid cells following exposure to a monofunctional alkylating agent suggests that the degradation of chromatin characteristic of apoptosis may occur in asymmetric patterns. Surfactant apoprotein-A is the major non-serum protein component of pulmonary surfactant and is essential for the extracellular function of surfactant. CSLM of alveolar type II cells suggests that apoprotein-A is present in both the cytoplasm, predominantly in lamellar bodies, and in the nucleus. The tumor promoter, phorbol myristate acetate, rapidly stimulated the formation of vacuoles in human neutrophils. CSLM using Lucifer Yellow as a probe suggests that cylindrical vacuoles are formed by fluid-phase pinocytosis. The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) in peripheral nerves may be an important target during toxin-induced neuropathies. Ricin-induced permeability of the BNB in the rat was rapidly visualized by CSLM as leakage of fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-dextran into the endoneurial compartment. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP SMITH, GJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PATHOL,CB 7525,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-24144, CA-42765]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-07126] NR 44 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0581 J9 J ELECTRON MICR TECH PD MAY PY 1991 VL 18 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1002/jemt.1060180107 PG 12 WC Biology; Microscopy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA FG802 UT WOS:A1991FG80200006 PM 2056350 ER PT J AU KNOX, RJ AF KNOX, RJ TI TOXIC OVERLOAD - THE WASTE-DISPOSAL DILEMMA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP KNOX, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF OMBUDSMAN,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 BP 15 EP 17 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FK871 UT WOS:A1991FK87100002 ER PT J AU EHRICH, M JORTNER, BS DYER, K AF EHRICH, M JORTNER, BS DYER, K TI RELATIONSHIP OF DOSE, CLINICAL EFFECTS, LESIONS AND NEUROTOXIC ESTERASE INHIBITION AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF 3 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ESTERS TO HENS SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 50 IS 3 BP 337 EP 337 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA FK140 UT WOS:A1991FK14000151 ER PT J AU REILLY, WK AF REILLY, WK TI A NEW WAY WITH WETLANDS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP REILLY, WK (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 192 EP 194 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FT165 UT WOS:A1991FT16500010 ER PT J AU HASSAN, SQ VITELLO, MP KUPFERLE, MJ GROSSE, DW AF HASSAN, SQ VITELLO, MP KUPFERLE, MJ GROSSE, DW TI TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION FOR AQUEOUS METAL AND CYANIDE BEARING HAZARDOUS WASTES (F007) SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review AB As a result of recent developments in the area of hazardous waste management, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is evaluating the performance of various technologies for the treatment and/or the destruction of certain wastes that are presently being disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments. As a part of this program, the University of Cincinnati is testing currently available treatment technologies that are applicable to metal- and cyanide-bearing hazardous wastes at the U.S. EPA Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio. The following unit processes have been evaluated: alkaline chlorination, lime precipitation/flocculation/setting, multi-media filtration, anion exchange, and cation exchange. Examination of several process configurations, utilizing the above-mentioned unit processes, did not produce any treatment train that could prevent codeposition of cyanides and metals in the sludges when the feed stream contained mixed metals and complexed cyanides. It was also determined that special anion exchange resins are capable of removing the complexed cyanides that are not destroyed by alkaline chlorination. Concentration of each of the metals in the final effluent from the cation exchange unit was less than 0.4 mg/L. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HASSAN, SQ (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 2 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 710 EP 715 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FM560 UT WOS:A1991FM56000006 ER PT J AU DEPERCIN, P BATES, E SMITH, D AF DEPERCIN, P BATES, E SMITH, D TI DESIGNING TREATABILITY STUDIES FOR CERCLA SITES - 3 CRITICAL ISSUES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review AB A great urgency has developed in the past few years within the U.S. EPA remediation program to perform treatability studies at Superfund (CERCLA) sites. The major reasons for this urgency is to ensure the selected treatment technology is applicable to the waste characteristics, and that Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) cleanup goals can be achieved. However, prior to conducting a treatability study, three critical issues must be resolved by the site manager. First, what scale and timing are appropriate? Second, should the treatability study be performed by a treatment technology vendor using proprietary equipment and processes, or can a generic study be performed? Third, should the study be performed in the field or should the waste be taken to the laboratory for testing? The objectives of the treatability study will have a major impact on how these issues are resolved. This paper discusses these major issues and provides information for the design and conduct of Superfund treatability programs. RP DEPERCIN, P (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 763 EP 767 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FM560 UT WOS:A1991FM56000016 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, SO AF ANDERSEN, SO TI GLOBAL IMPACT OF THE CFC PHASEOUT SO JOURNAL OF THE IES LA English DT Article DE CFCS; OZONE; REGULATIONS; ELECTRONICS AB The amendments to the Montreal Protocol and the 1990 Clean Air Act call for the accelerated reduction of fully halogenated CFCs and halons. Recent scientific data indicate that these chemicals are more damaging to the earth's ozone layer than previously thought. This ozone depletion has serious consequences for the environment and human health. These chemical compounds are scheduled for phaseout under the Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act. Because CFC-13 and methyl chloroform are used extensively in the electronics industry worldwide, the industry and the U.S. EPA have formed a partnership to develop technically feasible, cost-effective, and environmentally sound alternatives for ozone-depleting substances. RP ANDERSEN, SO (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 SN 1052-2883 J9 J IES JI J. IES PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA FU978 UT WOS:A1991FU97800001 ER PT J AU YANG, GL CHEN, CW AF YANG, GL CHEN, CW TI A STOCHASTIC 2-STAGE CARCINOGENESIS MODEL - A NEW APPROACH TO COMPUTING THE PROBABILITY OF OBSERVING TUMOR IN ANIMAL BIOASSAYS SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; PROMOTION AB A new definition of probability of observing tumor in animal bioassay is developed. It is derived from a two-stage stochastic model for carcinogenesis with time-dependent birth and death rates for cell proliferation. The model takes into account the method of collecting data on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The new definition is appropriate for analyzing the presence or absence of tumors in animal bioassays. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP YANG, GL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MATH,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 104 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0025-5564(91)90063-O PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA FK343 UT WOS:A1991FK34300004 PM 1804462 ER PT J AU SMITH, JE AF SMITH, JE TI NATURAL-GAS - ITS ROLE AND POTENTIAL IN ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT - VERGARA,W, HAY,NE, HALL,CW SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Book Review RP SMITH, JE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,CTR ENVIRONM RES INFORMAT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM PD MAY PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 170 EP 171 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FT528 UT WOS:A1991FT52800014 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP AF OCALLAGHAN, JP TI QUANTIFICATION OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN - COMPARISON OF SLOT-IMMUNOBINDING ASSAYS WITH A NOVEL SANDWICH ELISA SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; SLOT-IMMUNOBINDING ASSAYS; ELISA ID GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT; NITROCELLULOSE; BRAIN; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE AB Detailed protocols are presented for assaying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte localized protein which serves as a quantitative marker of toxicant-induced injury to the central nervous system. Two different solid-phase assay procedures are described: 1) a nitrocellulose based slot-immunobinding assay and 2) a novel microtiter plate based sandwich ELISA. The performance of both assays was assessed by measuring the content of GFAP in homogenates of specific regions of the rat brain and in homogenates of brain regions damaged by the prototype neurotoxicants, trimethyltin (TMT) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Both procedures gave similar results that were consistent with previously published observations. By comparing the simplicity, cost effectiveness, safety and speed of the two methods, it appears likely that the sandwich ELISA has several advantages over slot-immunobinding assays. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 22 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 13 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90073-6 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA FT303 UT WOS:A1991FT30300005 PM 1886537 ER PT J AU HADER, DP WORREST, RC AF HADER, DP WORREST, RC TI EFFECTS OF ENHANCED SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UV-B RADIATION; PHOTO-REACTIVATION; EUGLENA-GRACILIS; CYANOBACTERIUM; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOMOVEMENT; FLAGELLATE; INHIBITION; MOTILITY; LIGHT C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP HADER, DP (reprint author), INST BOT & PHARMAZEUT BIOL,STAUDTSTR 5,W-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY. NR 27 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 53 IS 5 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA FL736 UT WOS:A1991FL73600019 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KF OHMSTEDE, CA FISHER, RS OLIN, JK SAHYOUN, N AF JENSEN, KF OHMSTEDE, CA FISHER, RS OLIN, JK SAHYOUN, N TI ACQUISITION AND LOSS OF A NEURONAL CA2+/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE DURING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CEREBELLUM; HIPPOCAMPUS; CA2+ SIGNALING; NUCLEUS; AXON ID GROWTH CONE MOTILITY; SUBCELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION; RAT-BRAIN; NITROCELLULOSE; CELLS AB Calcium ions play a critical role in neural development. Insights into the ontogeny of Ca2+-signaling pathways were gained by investigating the developmental expression of granule cell-enriched Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase-Gr) in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat. Neurons of these brain regions displayed characteristic schedules by which they acquired and lost CaM kinase-Gr during differentiation. In the cerebellum, granule cells did not begin to express CaM kinase-Gr until after birth when they migrated into the granule cell layer, and this expression persisted in the adult. Purkinje cells expressed CaM kinase-Gr prenatally and lost this expression by postnatal day 14. In contrast, the granule and pyramidal cells of the hippocampus expressed the enzyme prenatally and in the adult. Moreover, CaM kinase-Gr was localized to the processes and nuclei of developing neurons. This subcellular localization together with the scheduled expression of CaM kinase-Gr can serve to regulate a developing neuron's sensitivity to Ca2+ at different subcellular levels. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BIOBEHAV SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. WELLCOME RES LABS,DIV CELL BIOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,MENTAL RETARDAT RES CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP JENSEN, KF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD05958]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS24596] NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 88 IS 9 BP 4050 EP 4053 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.9.4050 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FK184 UT WOS:A1991FK18400111 PM 2023954 ER PT J AU CONLEY, LM DICK, RI LION, LW AF CONLEY, LM DICK, RI LION, LW TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROOT ZONE METHOD OF WASTE-WATER TREATMENT SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION LA English DT Article DE DESIGN; HYDROPHYTES; MACROPHYTES; ROOT ZONE METHOD; TREATMENT; WETLANDS ID ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS; WATER TREATMENT; SYSTEMS; PLANTS AB An evaluation of existing systems provides evidence that the root zone method can meet secondary treatment standards if properly designed and operated. The use of coarse media is recommended to avoid the common operational problem of overland flow. Additionally, the use of bulrushes as the wetland plant is recommended because their deep root zone reduces the surface area required for the root zone bed. Using data from existing systems, the value of the temperature-dependent rate constant for BOD removal (K20) is evaluated and found to be lower than the value implicit in a prevailing design equation. Design guidelines to determine required root zone bed volume and length and width configuration are developed assuming first-order kinetics, plug flow, and Darcy's law. A design example is presented based on guidelines developed from existing systems. Additional design considerations of temperature, flow variation, service life, and cost are discussed. C1 CORNELL UNIV,ENVIRONM ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP CONLEY, LM (reprint author), US EPA,REG I,JOHN F KENNEDY FED BLDG HECCAN6,BOSTON,MA 02203, USA. NR 32 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 5 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1047-7624 J9 RES J WATER POLLUT C PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 63 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FM720 UT WOS:A1991FM72000006 ER PT J AU BARNES, DG AF BARNES, DG TI TOXICITY EQUIVALENTS AND EPAS RISK ASSESSMENT OF 2,3,7,8-TCDD SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES; CANCER; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; DIOXINS; RATS; FATE AB Toxicity equivalent factors (TEFs) have proved useful in estimating the toxicity of complex mixtures of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs). An international consensus has formed around a specific set of TEF values as interim solution for addressing environmental contamination by CDDs/CDFs. This procedure capitalizes on the congener-specific analytical results that are more routinely available in recent years. The TEF approach should be updated as necessary and replaced by more definitive bioassay approaches as soon as practicable. In an independent activity, the USEPA considered a proposal to change (reduce) the cancer potency ascribed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD by a factor of 16. The recommendation was based upon an analysis of the literature and the Agency's earlier risk assessment. The proposal was reviewed by the Science Advisory Board, a group of outside scientific advisors. Subsequently, the Agency decided against making any changes in its assessment at this time. However, it is likely that a reassessment will be conducted shortly that will incorporate new data and a new approach to estimating of cancer risks posed by 2,3,7,8-TCDD. RP BARNES, DG (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90008-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FP878 UT WOS:A1991FP87800007 PM 1871591 ER PT J AU KEDDERIS, LB DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS AF KEDDERIS, LB DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS TI DISPOSITION AND EXCRETION OF INTRAVENOUS 2,3,7,8-TETRABROMODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN (TBDD) IN RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FLAME RETARDANTS; AH RECEPTOR; P-DIOXINS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; PYROLYSIS; AGONISTS; SINGLE; FURANS C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP KEDDERIS, LB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 108 IS 3 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90086-T PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FJ647 UT WOS:A1991FJ64700003 PM 2020967 ER PT J AU VERONESI, B PRINGLE, J MEZEI, C AF VERONESI, B PRINGLE, J MEZEI, C TI MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN-MESSENGER RNA USED TO MONITOR TRIMETHYLTIN NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; NEURONAL DAMAGE; BRAIN; MOUSE; INTOXICATION; REGIONS; ABSENCE; SYSTEM; MUTANT; NERVE C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,HALIFAX B3H 4H2,NS,CANADA. RP VERONESI, B (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 108 IS 3 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90089-W PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FJ647 UT WOS:A1991FJ64700006 PM 1708532 ER PT J AU AMSON, JE AF AMSON, JE TI PROTECTION OF DIVERS IN WATERS THAT ARE CONTAMINATED WITH CHEMICALS OR PATHOGENS SO UNDERSEA BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON DIVING IN HAZARDOUS WATER CY DEC, 1988 CL BETHESDA, MD DE PROTECTION; HAZARDOUS MATERIALS; CONTAMINATION; EQUIPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY; SUIT-UNDER-SUIT RP AMSON, JE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF MARINE & ESTUARINE PROTECT WH556F,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0093-5387 J9 UNDERSEA BIOMED RES PD MAY PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA FR301 UT WOS:A1991FR30100010 PM 1853475 ER PT J AU GOVIND, R FLAHERTY, PA DOBBS, RA AF GOVIND, R FLAHERTY, PA DOBBS, RA TI FATE AND EFFECTS OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS DURING ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OF SLUDGE SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANAEROBIC; DEGRADATION; DIGESTION; INHIBITION METABOLISM; POLLUTANTS; SEMIVOLATILES ID BIODEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; TOLUENE; BENZENE; WATER AB Anaerobic digestion of primary and secondary sludge containing selected semivolatile organic pollutants was investigated. Typical digester operation was simulated with three, complete-mix, bench-scale digesters maintained at 35.5-degrees-C with a 30 day solids retention time. Two digesters were fed a primary and secondary sludge mixture produced from wastewater spiked with twenty semivolatile organics from the CERCLA pollutant list. The remaining digester (the control) was fed a similar mixture of sludge, but with no added organics. Operational parameters were monitored to compare the test and control units. All parameters were found to be within the limits of normal operation. Performance was near identical. An isotope dilution GC/MS method was employed for organics analysis of influent and effluent streams for all reactors. Steady-state fates of the organics were determined by mass balance. Twelve of the chemicals appear consistently and at steady state. Degradation was apparent for all components, with at least 10% of each parent compound partially or completely transformed. Sorption onto digester solids was an important removal mechanism. Results of organic analysis for the control digester highlight the effects of metabolic interferences. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENVIRONM LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GOVIND, R (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(91)90127-C PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA FL554 UT WOS:A1991FL55400003 ER PT J AU BLACKER, SM NEPTUNE, D AF BLACKER, SM NEPTUNE, D TI PLANNING ENVIRONMENTAL DATA OPERATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAC TECH SERV CO,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22308. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 1 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401445 ER PT J AU BROSSMAN, MW MCKENNA, GF AF BROSSMAN, MW MCKENNA, GF TI TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF WATER REGULAT & STAND,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,EDISON,NJ 08837. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 2 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401446 ER PT J AU KULKARNI, SV HAEBERER, AF AF KULKARNI, SV HAEBERER, AF TI PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTIC BASED ANALYTICAL METHOD SELECTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,QUAL ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 3 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401447 ER PT J AU TERWILLIGER, DT BEHBEHANI, AL BUDDE, WL AF TERWILLIGER, DT BEHBEHANI, AL BUDDE, WL TI COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA BY EPA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 7 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401454 ER PT J AU ANDRADY, AL GRUBE, WE AF ANDRADY, AL GRUBE, WE TI VARIABILITY IN PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED DEGRADABLE POLYMERS AT DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 10 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300425 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, TL DOBBS, RA GOVIND, R AF CRAWFORD, TL DOBBS, RA GOVIND, R TI BIODEGRADATION OF SELECTED VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN THE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SEWAGE SLUDGES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTINGHOUSE MAT CO OHIO,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 11 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301394 ER PT J AU HAEBERER, AF MESSNER, MJ AF HAEBERER, AF MESSNER, MJ TI ACHIEVING PREDEFINED DATA QUALITY LEVELS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,QUAL ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 12 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401456 ER PT J AU BRISKIN, JS AF BRISKIN, JS TI NATIONAL PESTICIDE SURVEY - METHODS, RESULTS, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NATL PESTICIDE SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 14 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300094 ER PT J AU BEHL, E AF BEHL, E TI LESSONS FROM GROUNDWATER MONITORING FOR PESTICIDES - EPAS REVISED MONITORING STUDY GUIDELINES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 15 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300095 ER PT J AU YU, YS BAILEY, GW AF YU, YS BAILEY, GW TI REDOX CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SURFACE OF 7 IRON-BEARING MINERALS - USE OF MOLECULAR PROBES AND UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30601. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 20 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301041 ER PT J AU STEVENS, RK PINTO, JP DZUBAY, TG BAUGH, J PROSPERO, J IZAGUIRRE, M AF STEVENS, RK PINTO, JP DZUBAY, TG BAUGH, J PROSPERO, J IZAGUIRRE, M TI REGIONAL AND GLOBAL POLLUTANT MEASUREMENTS - PROBLEMS AND PRIORITIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33149. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 22 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89400022 ER PT J AU WANG, LP SHAN, YG DOBBS, RA AF WANG, LP SHAN, YG DOBBS, RA TI EFFECT BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY ON SORPTION IN WASTE-WATER TREATMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 24 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301407 ER PT J AU LUKASEWYCZ, MT DURHAN, EJ NORBERGKING, TJ AF LUKASEWYCZ, MT DURHAN, EJ NORBERGKING, TJ TI THE UTILITY OF A TOXICITY BASED APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING TOXIC POLLUTANTS IN EFFLUENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NATL EFFLUENT TOX CTR,DULUTH,MN 55804. ASCL CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 32 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301415 ER PT J AU CHARLES, DF SMOL, JP AF CHARLES, DF SMOL, JP TI A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE ON CHEMICAL-CHANGES IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS - INTERPRETING THE BIOLOGICAL RECORD IN SEDIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INDIANA UNIV,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Smol, John/A-8838-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 55 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301438 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J AF LEWTAS, J TI IMPACT OF FUEL CHOICE ON COMPARATIVE CANCER RISK OF EMISSIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 55 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301605 ER PT J AU YOST, RA FREEMAN, JA JOHNSON, JV KUEHL, DW AF YOST, RA FREEMAN, JA JOHNSON, JV KUEHL, DW TI MS/MS STRATEGIES FOR ESTIMATING CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL AND FOR SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US EPA,EFFECTS RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 63 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300261 ER PT J AU STETTER, JR PENROSE, WR MACLAY, GJ CAO, Z AF STETTER, JR PENROSE, WR MACLAY, GJ CAO, Z TI THE AMPEROMETRIC GAS SENSOR - ONE ELECTROANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR POLLUTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TRANSDUCER RES INC,NAPERVILLE,IL 60540. IIT,CHICAGO,IL 60616. USAF,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. US EPA,AREAL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 64 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301447 ER PT J AU SCHMITT, RD AF SCHMITT, RD TI EPA PERSPECTIVE ON THE REGULATORY ASPECTS OF INADVERTENT RESIDUES IN CROPS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 69 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300148 ER PT J AU STODDARD, JL AF STODDARD, JL TI LONG-TERM CHANGES IN WATERSHED RETENTION OF NITROGEN - ITS CAUSES AND AQUATIC CONSEQUENCES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 70 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301453 ER PT J AU PULS, RW POWELL, RM KERR, RS AF PULS, RW POWELL, RM KERR, RS TI COLLOIDAL FE2O3 TRANSPORT STUDIES IN LABORATORY MODEL SYSTEMS USING SHALLOW AQUIFER MATERIAL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ADA,OK 74820. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 81 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301464 ER PT J AU BUDDE, WL AF BUDDE, WL TI POLLUTION PREVENTION AND PROCESS ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 83 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301466 ER PT J AU BRADBURY, SP AF BRADBURY, SP TI PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY IN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT - APPROACHES IN PREDICTING MECHANISMS OF TOXIC ACTION FROM CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 84 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300163 ER PT J AU SLIVON, LE HO, JS BUDDE, WL AF SLIVON, LE HO, JS BUDDE, WL TI REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER USING MASS-SPECTROMETRY WITH A HELIUM PURGED HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,DEPT ENVIRONM CHEM & PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 85 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301468 ER PT J AU LEWIS, RG BOND, AE FORTMAN, RC CAMANN, DE AF LEWIS, RG BOND, AE FORTMAN, RC CAMANN, DE TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS OF THE EPA HOUSE DUST INFANT PESTICIDES EXPOSURE STUDY (HIPES) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 89 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300168 ER PT J AU LUNCHICK, C JAQUITH, D APPLETON, H AF LUNCHICK, C JAQUITH, D APPLETON, H TI METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES - THE UNITED-STATES-EPA PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,NON DIETARY EXPOSURE BRANCH,ARLINGTON,VA. PALADIN ASSOCIATES INC,DEWITT,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 92 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300171 ER PT J AU ZUBKOFF, PL AF ZUBKOFF, PL TI ASSESSING THE FATE OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT WITH SIMULATION-MODELS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS H7507C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 94 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300173 ER PT J AU DITORO, DM MAHONY, JD HANSEN, DJ SCOTT, KJ CARLSON, AR ANKLEY, GT AF DITORO, DM MAHONY, JD HANSEN, DJ SCOTT, KJ CARLSON, AR ANKLEY, GT TI ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE PREDICTS THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF CADMIUM AND NICKEL IN SEDIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MANHATTAN COLL,ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI PROGRAM,BRONX,NY 10471. MANHATTAN COLL,DEPT CHEM,BRONX,NY 10471. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 105 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301488 ER PT J AU CAMANN, DE HSU, JP FORTMANN, RC LEWIS, RG AF CAMANN, DE HSU, JP FORTMANN, RC LEWIS, RG TI MEASUREMENT OF DISLODGEABLE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES FROM HOME CARPETS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 112 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300191 ER PT J AU ECKL, PM ANDERSONCARNAHAN, L JIRTLE, RL AF ECKL, PM ANDERSONCARNAHAN, L JIRTLE, RL TI AQUATIC GENOTOXICITY TESTING WITH RAT HEPATOCYTES IN PRIMARY CULTURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SALZBURG UNIV,DIV GENET,A-5020 SALZBURG,AUSTRIA. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,DIV WATER MANAGEMENT,ATLANTA,GA 30365. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 114 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301497 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V AF LOPEZAVILA, V TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MIDPACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 127 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300325 ER PT J AU VALENTINE, RL ZEPP, RG AF VALENTINE, RL ZEPP, RG TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION OF CARBON-MONOXIDE IN WETLANDS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 154 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301536 ER PT J AU BUTLER, LC HILLMAN, DC NOWINSKI, P AF BUTLER, LC HILLMAN, DC NOWINSKI, P TI ROBOTIC-MICROWAVE DIGESTION SYSTEM FOR THE CONTRACT LABORATORY PROGRAM (CLP) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 155 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301537 ER PT J AU LESNIK, B AF LESNIK, B TI AN OVERVIEW OF EPAS SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) METHODS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,METHODS SECT OS 331,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 157 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300355 ER PT J AU PURDUE, L REAGAN, J AF PURDUE, L REAGAN, J TI UNITED-STATES-EPA SUMMER 1990 OZONE PRECURSOR STUDY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CTR TELECOMMUN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 161 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301543 ER PT J AU BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ AF BREEN, JJ DELLARCO, MJ TI POLLUTION PREVENTION - THE NEW ENVIRONMENTAL ETHIC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 165 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301547 ER PT J AU NEWBURGRINN, SD AF NEWBURGRINN, SD TI RIGHT-TO-KNOW LEGISLATION AND THE CHEMIST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 166 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301548 ER PT J AU BURCH, WM AF BURCH, WM TI THE INDUSTRIAL TOXICS PROJECT - TARGETING CHEMICALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESULTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 167 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301549 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA PAGE, NP OLSON, GR AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA PAGE, NP OLSON, GR TI 90-DAY TOXICITY STUDY OF SODIUM MONOCHLOROACETATE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID; SODIUM MONOCHLOROACETATE; CHLOROACETIC ACID; CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS ID TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID AB Male and female Sprague - Dawley rats were administered the sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid (SMCA) by oral gavage for a period of 90 consecutive days. Dosage levels of 15, 30, 60 or 120 mg/kg per day were employed. SMCA clearly induced toxicity in both females and males, with the greatest severity in the male animals. Both the liver and kidneys were identified as target organs. At 120 mg/kg per day, 30% of females and 80% of the males died, most within the first 2 days of treatment. Hemorrhagic and congested lungs (possibly a postmortem change) were seen in the early deaths (1 - 3 days) whereas liver lesions were observed in later deaths. In addition, there was nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevated creatinine, blood calcium (BCAL), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Hepatotoxicity was indicated by increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Both organs showed increased organ-to-body weight ratios. Microscopic examination revealed a significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) increase in chronic renal nephropathy and increased splenic pigmentation at 60 mg/kg per day in the males. Based on the observation of toxicity at all treatment levels in males, a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 15 mg/kg per day is proposed for a 90-day exposure to SMCA by oral gavage to the Sprague - Dawley rat. C1 PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 8 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 2 BP 171 EP 185 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FL847 UT WOS:A1991FL84700005 PM 2031251 ER PT J AU LIGHTHART, B SHAFFER, BT MARTHI, B GANIO, L AF LIGHTHART, B SHAFFER, BT MARTHI, B GANIO, L TI TRAJECTORY OF AEROSOL DROPLETS FROM A SPRAYED BACTERIAL SUSPENSION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIABLE AIRBORNE MICROBES; DOWNWIND AB Simulated droplet trajectories of a polydispersed microbial aerosol in a laminar air flow regimen were compared with observed dispersal patterns of aerosolized Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger spores in quasilaminar airflow. Simulated dispersal patterns could be explained in terms of initial droplet sizes and whether the droplets evaporated to residual aeroplanktonic size before settling to the ground. For droplets that evaporated prior to settling out, a vertical downwind size fractionation is predicted in which the microbial residue of the smallest droplets settles the least, and is found in the airstream at about sprayer height, and progressively larger droplet residues settle to progressively lower heights. Observations of spore particle size distributions downwind from a spray source support the simulation. Droplet and particle size distributions near the source had three size fractions: one containing large, presumably nonevaporated droplets of greater-than-or-equal-to 7-mu-m in diameter, and two smaller fractions, with diameters of 2 to 3-mu-m (probably the residue of droplets containing more than one spore) and 1 to 2-mu-m (probably the residue from single-spore droplets). As predicted by the simulation, the aerosol settled and progressed downwind, with the number of small droplets and particles increasing in proportion to the height and distance downwind. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP LIGHTHART, B (reprint author), US EPA,ECOTOXICOL BRANCH,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL TEAM,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1012 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900019 PM 1905515 ER PT J AU MCKENNEY, CL HAMAKER, TL MATTHEWS, E AF MCKENNEY, CL HAMAKER, TL MATTHEWS, E TI CHANGES IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY-METABOLISM OF AN ESTUARINE MYSID (MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA) EXPOSED IN THE LABORATORY THROUGH A COMPLETE LIFE-CYCLE TO THE DEFOLIANT DEF SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEF; MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; ENERGY METABOLISM; LIFE-CYCLE EXPOSURE ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXICITY; STRESS AB Measures of physiological performance and energy metabolism were made on an estuarine mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) exposed throughout a life cycle to the defoliant DEF. Continuous exposure to DEF concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 0.246-mu-g/l reduced survival through release of the first brood. Young production by individual females was completely arrested in DEF concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 0.606-mu-g/l. Life-cycle exposure to concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 0.085-mu-g DEF/l reduced young production by the population. An interaction between mysid age and DEF exposure concentration modified growth rates and energy metabolism. Growth of early juveniles was not altered by DEF exposure. However, concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 0.140-mu-g/l and greater-than-or-equal-to 0.085-mu-g/l retarded growth rates in older juveniles and young adults, respectively. Exposure to these same DEF concentrations stimulated respiration rates of most juvenile stages and young adults. Following 5-days exposure to DEF concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 0.085-mu-g/l, mysids excreted less ammonia. O:N ratios of unexposed mysids became lower as juveniles matured, while DEF exposure resulted in higher O:N ratios. Higher O:N ratios during maturation of DEF-exposed mysids suggests greater reliance on energy-rich lipid substrates to support elevated metabolic demands, leaving reduced lipid for reproductive preparations. RP MCKENNEY, CL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(91)90032-5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA FQ371 UT WOS:A1991FQ37100005 ER PT J AU POLITZER, IR CRAGO, KT BENJAMIN, W JOSEPH, J AMOS, K COLEMAN, WE AF POLITZER, IR CRAGO, KT BENJAMIN, W JOSEPH, J AMOS, K COLEMAN, WE TI EFFECT OF BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN ON MUCOCHLORIC ACID AND 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Cyclodextrins from inclusion complexes with a wide range of guest molecules which wholly, or in part, fit into their hydrophobic cavity. Since no covalent bonds are formed in this complexation, the guests can subsequently be eluted. The possibility of such complexation was envisioned as a means of removing chlorinated furanones from drinking water. Using a combination of infrared and ultraviolet techniques, evidence is presented for inclusion complex formation between mucochloric acid and beta-cyclodextrin in acidic aqueous solutions. Ultraviolet evidence supports the conclusion that under these acidic conditions, mucochloric acid exists in its cyclic form. Solid samples of the mucochloric acid-beta-cyclodextrin complex could be isolated by recrystallization of a 1:1 mole ratio of the above compounds from water at pH approximately 2. Solid sample infrared (potassium bromide or Nujol) showed a carbonyl shift of approximately 20 cm-1 when mucochloric acid was compared to the mucochloric acid-beta-cyclodextrin complex. No such shift was found upon simply grinding together the above components. Thus the carbonyl shift is ascribed to inclusion complexation of mucochloric acid into the beta-cyclodextrin activity. Melting point and thin-layer chromatographic analyses also yielded supporting evidence for the formation of solid mucochloric acid-beta-cyclodextrin complexes. Pilot studies with 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), suggest a similar beta-cyclodextrin-complex formation in acidic solutions. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ANALYT STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP POLITZER, IR (reprint author), XAVIER UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70125, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FE108 UT WOS:A1991FE10800013 PM 1859209 ER PT J AU MAKAREWICZ, JC BERTRAM, P AF MAKAREWICZ, JC BERTRAM, P TI EVIDENCE FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE LAKE ERIE ECOSYSTEM - WATER-QUALITY, OXYGEN LEVELS, AND PELAGIC FUNCTION APPEAR TO BE IMPROVING SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ZOOPLANKTON; MICHIGAN; PREDATION; SIZE C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,SURVEILLANCE & RES SECT,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP MAKAREWICZ, JC (reprint author), SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT BIOL SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420, USA. NR 61 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.2307/1311411 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA FD177 UT WOS:A1991FD17700005 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, PJ FINKELSTEIN, PL AF ROBINSON, PJ FINKELSTEIN, PL TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPACT-ORIENTED CLIMATE SCENARIOS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; RAINFALL; MODELS; EVENTS AB Appropriate scenarios of future climate must be developed prior to any assessment of the impacts of climate change. Information needed was examined in consultation with those having experience in scenario use. Most assessors require regional scenarios with a temporal resolution of one day and a spatial resolution of around 100 km. Scenarios should contain one or more of: 1) general descriptive statistics of the major climate elements, 2) information about climatic anomalies such as drought, 3) statistics on the frequency and probability of events exceeding particular thresholds, and 4) general synoptic information. Techniques of climate analysis currently available were reviewed for their suitability to meet these scenario needs. The techniques were divided into a series of modules: groups of similar analysis techniques providing scientifically sound pieces of required information. A series of linked modules then provides the complete scenario. One set of modules emphasizes process models, another set uses empirical analyses. The final set involves linkage between the other two. For each module the needs and opportunities for research directed towards scenario development are discussed. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ROBINSON, PJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOG,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 72 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<0481:TDOIOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FH286 UT WOS:A1991FH28600002 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI UN-PLOT-IT - AUTOMATIC DIGITIZING SYSTEM VERSION 30 SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 273 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(91)80086-6 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA FM007 UT WOS:A1991FM00700002 ER PT J AU COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L LEVEE, G BAADSGAARD, O ANDERSON, T KOREN, H AF COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L LEVEE, G BAADSGAARD, O ANDERSON, T KOREN, H TI UV EXPOSURE IMPAIRS CONTACT SENSITIVITY RESPONSES TO EPICUTANEOUS ANTIGEN IN HUMANS - CORRELATION WITH ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV COPENHAGEN,DK-1168 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A532 EP A532 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302233 ER PT J AU TITUS, JG PARK, RA LEATHERMAN, SP WEGGEL, JR GREENE, MS MAUSEL, PW BROWN, S GAUNT, C TREHAN, M YOHE, G AF TITUS, JG PARK, RA LEATHERMAN, SP WEGGEL, JR GREENE, MS MAUSEL, PW BROWN, S GAUNT, C TREHAN, M YOHE, G TI GREENHOUSE-EFFECT AND SEA-LEVEL RISE - THE COST OF HOLDING BACK THE SEA SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SEA LEVEL RISE; EROSION; ECONOMICS; WETLANDS; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; CLIMATIC CHANGE AB Previous studies suggest that the expected global warming from the greenhouse effect could raise sea level 50 to 200 cm (2 to 7 ft) in the next century. This article presents the first nationwide assessment of the primary impacts of such a rise on the United States: (1) the cost of protecting ocean resort communities by pumping sand onto beaches and gradually raising barrier islands in place; (2) the cost of protecting developed areas along sheltered waters through the use of levees (dikes) and bulkheads; and (3) the loss of coastal wetlands and undeveloped lowlands. The total cost for a 1-m rise would be between $270 and $475 billion, ignoring future development. We estimate that if no measures are taken to hold back the sea, a 1-m rise in sea level would inundate 30,000 sq km (14,000 sq mi), with wet and dry land each accounting for about half the loss. The 1500 sq km (600-700 sq mi) of densely developed coastal lowlands could be protected for approximately $1000 to $2000 per year for a typical coastal lot. Given high coastal property values, holding back the sea would probably be cost-effective. The environmental consequences of doing so, however, may not be acceptable. Although the most common engineering solution for protecting the ocean coast, pumping sand, would allow us to keep our beaches, levees and bulkheads along sheltered waters would gradually eliminate most of the nation's wetland shorelines. To ensure the long-term survival of coastal wetlands, federal and state environmental agencies should begin to lay the groundwork for a gradual abandonment of coastal lowlands as sea level rises. RP TITUS, JG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 171 EP 204 DI 10.1080/08920759109362138 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GD178 UT WOS:A1991GD17800002 ER PT J AU MESSER, JJ LINTHURST, RA OVERTON, WS AF MESSER, JJ LINTHURST, RA OVERTON, WS TI AN EPA PROGRAM FOR MONITORING ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND TRENDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Despite hundreds of millions of dollars spent annually in the United States on environmental monitoring, policy and decision makers seldom have ready access to monitoring data to aid in prioritizing research and assessment efforts or to assess the extent to which current policies are meeting the desired objectives. EPA is currently conducting research to evaluate options for establishing an integrated, cooperative monitoring program, with participation by federal, state, and private entities, that could result in annual statistical reports and interpretive summaries on the status and trends in indicators of adverse disturbance and corresponding 'health' of the nation's ecosystem on the regional and national scale. RP MESSER, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,MD 75,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF00402462 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FG673 UT WOS:A1991FG67300005 PM 24233374 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, J PRICE, CJ SLEET, RB GEORGE, JD MARR, MC KIMMEL, CA MORRISSEY, RE AF WILLIAMS, J PRICE, CJ SLEET, RB GEORGE, JD MARR, MC KIMMEL, CA MORRISSEY, RE TI CODEINE - DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY IN HAMSTERS AND MICE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO DOSE CONTROL; DRUGS; MALFORMATIONS C1 US EPA,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,OHEA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,DEV & REPROD TOXICOL GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR LIFE SCI & TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-55080] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90081-E PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FE983 UT WOS:A1991FE98300002 PM 1855614 ER PT J AU CROFTON, KM DEAN, KF HAMRICK, RC BOYES, WK AF CROFTON, KM DEAN, KF HAMRICK, RC BOYES, WK TI THE EFFECTS OF 2,4-DITHIOBIURET ON SENSORY AND MOTOR FUNCTION SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS; REFLEX MODIFICATION; DITHIOBIURET NEUROTOXICITY; RATS; TOXICITY; AUDIOMETRY; MUSCLE; MODULATION; METABOLISM; WEAKNESS C1 NSI CORP,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 469 EP 481 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90087-K PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FE983 UT WOS:A1991FE98300008 PM 1906822 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM PERREAULT, SD HARRIS, ST AF CUMMINGS, AM PERREAULT, SD HARRIS, ST TI VALIDATION OF PROTOCOLS FOR ASSESSING EARLY-PREGNANCY FAILURE IN THE RAT - CLOMIPHENE CITRATE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE RATS; METHOXYCHLOR; ESTRADIOL C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 506 EP 516 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90091-H PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FE983 UT WOS:A1991FE98300012 PM 1855622 ER PT J AU HAUGLAND, RA SANGODKAR, UMX SFERRA, PR CHAKRABARTY, AM AF HAUGLAND, RA SANGODKAR, UMX SFERRA, PR CHAKRABARTY, AM TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CHROMOSOMAL DNA REGION REQUIRED FOR GROWTH ON 2,4,5-T BY PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA AC1100 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE CATABOLIC PATHWAY EVOLUTION; INSERTION SEQUENCE; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL; MONOOXYGENASE GENE ID AERUGINOSA PAO CHROMOSOME; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; GENES; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; EXPRESSION; VECTORS; PURE AB A series of spontaneous 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) nonmetabolizing mutants of Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100 were characterized to be defective in either 2,4,5-T uptake or conversion of this compound to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP). Two of these mutants, RHC22 and RHC23, were complemented for growth on 2,4,5-T using an AC1100 genomic library constructed in the cosmid vector pCP13. Recombinant cosmids isolated from the complemented mutants contained a 27.5-kb insert which frequently underwent various-sized deletions in Escherichia coli. Hybridization studies showed this DNA to be of chromosomal origin and totally deleted in RHC22, RHC23 and other similar mutants. Complementation analyses of RHC22 with a series of subcloned fragments and spontaneously deleted derivatives of the recombinant cosmid pRHC21 showed the 2,4,5-T (tft) genes to occur within an 8.9-kb region. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells transformed with this DNA acquired the ability to convert 2,4,5-T to 2,4,5-TCP. The genetic determinant for this function was further localized within a 3.7-kb region. This DNA, in the absence of other sequences from the 8.9-kb tft gene region allowed RHC22 cells to metabolize 2,4,5-T, but at low rates which were insufficient to support growth. Copies of the insertions sequence element IS931 were identified either adjacent to or within this tft gene region in the genomes of two independent wild-type AC1100 isolates. Preliminary evidence suggests that these sequences either facilitate or are required for growth on 2,4,5-T and hence may be implicated in the genetic evolution of the 2,4,5-T metabolic pathway. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CHICAGO,IL 60612. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04050-06] NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD APR PY 1991 VL 100 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90351-B PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FV373 UT WOS:A1991FV37300009 PM 2055481 ER PT J AU YEAGER, WM LUCAS, RM DAUM, KA SENSINTAFFAR, E POPPELL, S FELDT, L CLARKIN, M AF YEAGER, WM LUCAS, RM DAUM, KA SENSINTAFFAR, E POPPELL, S FELDT, L CLARKIN, M TI A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION STUDY OF 3 TYPES OF ALPHA-TRACK DETECTOR RADON MONITORS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Three models of alpha-track detector (ATD) Rn monitors were exposed in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Rn chambers to obtain estimates of precision and bias for the National Residential Radon Survey (NRRS). Exposures in this study ranged from 37 to 740 Bq y m-3 (1 to 20 pCi y L-1), plus blanks. These exposures correspond to the range expected in most U.S. residences. All detectors were purchased through a Rn mitigation firm to assure that the vendors did not give special attention to the ATDs used in this study. Ten ATDs of each model were studied at 12 exposures. The mean and standard deviation of the reported values for each model were calculated and compared with the continuously monitored chamber concentrations to determine the bias and precision at each exposure. Results of this analysis were discussed with the vendors, who took corrective actions. Changes in track counting procedures and calibrations improved detector performance. Readings of one detector were adjusted based on a regression of the monitored values on the reported values. C1 US EPA, NATL AIR & RADIAT ENVIRONM LAB, MONTGOMERY, AL 36109 USA. US EPA, OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. CAMRODEN ASSOCIATES, ORISKANY, NY 13424 USA. RP YEAGER, WM (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD APR PY 1991 VL 60 IS 4 BP 507 EP 515 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA FD282 UT WOS:A1991FD28200004 PM 2001946 ER PT J AU HAWTHORN, G AF HAWTHORN, G TI TRANSPORTATION PROVISIONS IN THE CLEAN-AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990 SO ITE JOURNAL-INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS LA English DT Article AB On November 15, 1990, President Bush signed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 into law. The law will have a major impact on transportation planning and project development in areas not meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and carbon monoxide; the federal-aid highway program in those areas will be revised as a result of the new law's provisions for highway sanctions, conformity, transportation/air quality planning, vehicle-miles of travel forecasting, and other transportation/air quality issues. In some nonattainment areas, the law could mandate a reduction in vehicle-miles of travel. This article takes a look at the key transportation-related provisions in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and discusses how they are likely to to affect ongoing transportation programs and practices. RP HAWTHORN, G (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS PI WASHINGTON PA SUITE 410 525 SCHOOL ST S W, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 SN 0162-8178 J9 ITE J JI ITE J.-Inst. Transp. Eng. PD APR PY 1991 VL 61 IS 4 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA FF683 UT WOS:A1991FF68300002 ER PT J AU PARROTTA, MJ AF PARROTTA, MJ TI RADIOACTIVITY IN WATER-TREATMENT WASTES - A USEPA PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; RA-226 AB Radioactive substances, such as radium, in water treatment wastes often result in difficult and confusing situations for those people with responsibility for handling and disposing of the wastes. In 1990, the US Environmental Protection Agency signaled its concern by issuing guidance for the disposal of radionuclide-bearing wastes and for stemming potential radiation hazards. RP PARROTTA, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 83 IS 4 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA FH463 UT WOS:A1991FH46300009 ER PT J AU HANKE, DW NELSON, ME BASKIN, SI AF HANKE, DW NELSON, ME BASKIN, SI TI CARDIOTONIC DRUGS INHIBIT PURIFIED MAMMALIAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARDIOTONIC DRUGS; ORGANOPHOSPHONATE; VX; OXIME; PURIFIED MAMMALIAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; REACTIVATION ID FETAL BOVINE SERUM; OUABAIN; DISSOCIATION; PURIFICATION; ENZYME; ATPASE AB Oxime- and non-oxime-related drugs, as well as cardionic drugs (CDs), have been used to treat the effects of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning. We conducted our experiments to determine what effects CDs may have on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and how CDs interact with other treatment drugs as well as with OP-inhibited AChE. True AChE (EC 3.1.1.7) was purified from fetal bovine serum, and enzyme activity was measured according to Ellman et al. The CDs coumingine, cassaine, proscillaridin and convallatoxin were incubated with AChE at 550-mu-M at pH 7.6 and 25-degrees-C. The CD ouabain was incubated with AChE at 500-mu-M. The CDs inhibited AChE by 97%, 89%, 10%, 7% and 6%, respectively. The mean AChE activities for these experiments, except for ouabian, were significantly different (P = 0.05) from their controls, as determined by the two-tailed Student's t-test. In a separate experiment, the oxime TMB-4.2Br (100-mu-M), which did not inhibit AChE, increased the inhibitory effect of proscillaridin from 4% to 11% (a 3.7-fold increase). When AChE was inhibited 39% with 37 nM VX, the addition of proscillaridin increased the inhibition to 51% (a 1.3-fold increase). When TMB-4 was added to the proscillaridin- and VX-inhibited AChE mixture, the inhibition decreased from 50% to 32% (a 0.37-fold decrease), whereas TMB-4 alone added to VX-inhibited AChE decreased the inhibition from 39% to 24% (a 0.38-fold decrease). The results show that TMB-4 increases the inhibition of AChE by proscillaridin. However, TMB-4 decreases the inhibition of AChE by VX and proscillaridin combined. The inhibition of AChE by the CDs alone may help in part to account for the cardiac parasympathetic response of CDs. C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1002/jat.2550110209 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FC706 UT WOS:A1991FC70600008 PM 2061549 ER PT J AU FINKELSTEIN, PL TRUPPI, LE AF FINKELSTEIN, PL TRUPPI, LE TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION SEASONALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB A detailed, long term portrait of the seasonality of precipitation over the United States is developed using a 90 year climate division record. Selected decadal maps of seasonality are also presented, and their variability over time considered. Relationships between significant changes in precipitation or temperature and seasonality were sought, but not found. Model output from four global climate models (GCMs) are analyzed with respect to precipitation seasonality over the same area, both for present conditions, and for a doubled CO2 climate. Comparison of model output to present patterns suggests that in most cases the models are doing reasonably well in matching regional details of seasonality. For the future climate, there is some agreement among models suggesting a trend toward a spring, rather than summer precipitation maximum in the midcontinental areas of the United States. RP FINKELSTEIN, PL (reprint author), US EPA,GLOBAL PROC RES BRANCH,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0373:SDOPSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FK290 UT WOS:A1991FK29000001 ER PT J AU COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L LEVEE, G BAADSGAARD, O ANDERSON, T KOREN, H AF COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L LEVEE, G BAADSGAARD, O ANDERSON, T KOREN, H TI UV EXPOSURE IMPAIRS CONTACT SENSITIVITY RESPONSES TO EPICUTANEOUS ANTIGEN IN HUMANS - CORRELATION WITH ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV COPENHAGEN,DK-1168 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 96 IS 4 BP 626 EP 626 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FE591 UT WOS:A1991FE59100592 ER PT J AU LARSEN, RI MCDONNELL, WF HORSTMAN, DH FOLINSBEE, LJ AF LARSEN, RI MCDONNELL, WF HORSTMAN, DH FOLINSBEE, LJ TI AN AIR-QUALITY DATA-ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR INTERRELATING EFFECTS, STANDARDS, AND NEEDED SOURCE REDUCTIONS .11. A LOGNORMAL MODEL RELATING HUMAN LUNG-FUNCTION DECREASE TO O3 EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION CHANGES; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CROP REDUCTION; OZONE EXPOSURE; EXERCISE; INJURY AB Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured in 21 men exercising while exposed to four O3 concentrations (0.0, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm). A lognormal multiple linear regression model was fitted to their mean FEV1 measurements to predict FEV1 percent decrease as a function of O3 concentration and exposure duration. The exercise level used was probably comparable to heavy manual labor. The longest O3 exposure studied was 6 h. Extrapolating cautiously to an 8-h workday of heavy manual labor, the model predicts that O3 concentrations of 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm would decrease FEV1 by 9, 15, and 20 percent, respectively. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,PHYSIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ABB ENVIRONM SERV INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP LARSEN, RI (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 455 EP 459 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FH760 UT WOS:A1991FH76000011 PM 2064764 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, ML BARKLEY, NP AF TAYLOR, ML BARKLEY, NP TI DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF A PILOT-SCALE DEBRIS WASHING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Metallic, masonary, and other solid debris that may be contaminated with hazardous chemicals litter numerous hazardous waste sites in the United States. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, lead or other metals are some of the contaminants of concern. In some cases, cleanup standards have been established (e.g., 10-mu-g PCBs/100 cm2 for surfaces to which humans may be frequently exposed). Decontaminated debris could be either returned to the site as "clean" fill or, in the case of metallic debris, sold to a metal smelter. This project involves the development and demonstration of a technology specifically for performing on-site decontamination of debris. Both bench-scale and pilot-scale versions of a debris washing system (DWS) have been designed, constructed, and demonstrated. The DWS entails the application of an aqueous solution during a high-pressure spray cycle, followed by turbulent wash and rinse cycles. The aqueous cleaning solution is recovered and reconditioned for reuse concurrently with the debris-cleaning process, which minimizes the quantity of process water required to clean the debris. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP TAYLOR, ML (reprint author), IT ENVIRONM PROGRAMS INC,RES & DEV,11499 CHESTER RD,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 488 EP 496 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FH760 UT WOS:A1991FH76000014 ER PT J AU VANDERVAART, DR VATAVUK, WM WEHE, AH AF VANDERVAART, DR VATAVUK, WM WEHE, AH TI THE COST ESTIMATION OF THERMAL AND CATALYTIC INCINERATORS FOR THE CONTROL OF VOCS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS AB In an earlier paper, major commercially available incinerator technologies designed to treat dilute waste gas streams containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were described in a qualitative comparison. In addition, a simplified procedure was outlined through which important sizing parameters could be calculated given certain information about the waste gas. This paper describes the use of these parameters in developing a study (+/- 30 percent) cost estimate for the total capital investment and the total annual costs incurred in treating a waste stream of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An illustrative problem used in the former paper is completed here in order to contrast some of the economic differences between thermal and catalytic incinerator systems. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OAQPS,STAND DEV BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 497 EP 501 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FH760 UT WOS:A1991FH76000015 ER PT J AU BERCZ, JP ROBINSON, M GARNER, LM PAGE, NP OLSON, GR AF BERCZ, JP ROBINSON, M GARNER, LM PAGE, NP OLSON, GR TI REPEATED-DOSE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF 2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANOL IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MICE AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE) by gavage for 14 or 90 consecutive days. The gavage solution consisted of TCE dissolved in distilled water, containing 10% Emulphor Doses of 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day in the 14-day study and 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg/day for the 90-day study were employed. Evaluation of clinical symptoms, clinical chemistry, and pathology examinations did not reveal a specific toxic effect or identify a target organ. In male rats an increase of red blood cells (RBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) in both 14- and 90-day studies, as well as increased hemoglobin (Hgb) in the 90-day study was observed at the highest dose level. In the high-dose females only increase of Hgb was seen in the 14-day study. These hematopoietic indices were not accompanied by commensurate changes in reticulocytes, mean corpuscular volumes or spleen weights. Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were increased in males at the two highest dose levels of both studies. Other changes in chemistries were sporadic in nature and did not appear to be dose related. Collectively, there was no basis to identify a target organ. The RBC and LDH levels did not correlate with other biochemical or pathology results and did not support the hypothesis that they represent a specific toxic effect. Based on the lack of detectable toxicity of TCE at the highest doses tested in rats, the following lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) were assigned for this chemical: in the 14-day exposure, 300 mg/kg/day for both sexes; in the 90-day protocol, 320 mg/kg/day for female; and 160 mg/kg/day for male rats. C1 PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH. RP BERCZ, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,ANALYT SUPPORT BRANCH,TOXICODYNAM SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GN779 UT WOS:A1991GN77900002 ER PT J AU BELILES, RP MAKRIS, NG SCOTT, WJ AF BELILES, RP MAKRIS, NG SCOTT, WJ TI CONSIDERATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND TEMPORAL SENSITIVITY FOR HYDROXYUREA IN RELATION TO TERATOGENIC POTENTIAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL AB A compartmental pharmacokinetic-mathematical model for the time-dependent distribution of hydroxyurea (HU) in both the maternal plasma and embryonic fluids of pregnant rats and rhesus monkeys was developed. Across species scaling was based on maternal plasma clearance rates and compartmental sizes as a percent of the body weight of the dam. Mathematical optimization provided the compartmental transfer rates. The estimated maternal and embryonic concentrations of HU correlated well with the experimental pharmacokinetic data regarding both time and quantity for both the rat and the monkey. When the biological effective dose was considered to be the embryonic HU concentration over time (AUC), the dose to the individual embryos was higher in the monkeys (392 mg HU hr/L/day) than in the rats (69 mg HU hr/L/day) at an applied dose of 100 mg HU/kg administered to the dams. The AUC doses are consistent with the evaluation of the embryos of both species for teratogenic changes and embryonic death. The effect of repeated doses as compared with a single dose given only on one day of gestation was examined in the rat. Because of the rapid maternal clearance the carryover of embryonic HU concentration from one day to the next was minimal. A single treatment on Day 9 only was estimated to be sufficient to produce the adverse embryonic effects of HU on Days 9 through 12 as reported by Wilson et al. The sensitivity of the embryo to HU decreased with increasing embryonic age. The implications of the pharmacokinetic simulation and the temporal susceptibility for ongoing clinical trials of HU in the treatment of sickle cell anemia were reviewed. A human embryo dose of 69 mg HU hr/L/day was estimated to result from an i.v. dose of 10 mg/kg to the mother. This concentration produced no effect in the rat. An i.v. dose of 50 mg HU/mg was estimated to result in a human embryo dose of 353 mg HU hr/L/day which approaches a Rhesus monkey embryo dose that produced adverse effects in all embryos. C1 NGM CONSULTING,FALLS CHURCH,VA. CHILDRENS HOSP RES FDN,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. RP BELILES, RP (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,RD 689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GN779 UT WOS:A1991GN77900006 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL AF DEARFIELD, KL TI REGULATORY EXPERIENCE WITH UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY GENETIC TOXICITY TESTING REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 252 IS 2 BP 180 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90047-C PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FE677 UT WOS:A1991FE67700037 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KF OHMSTEDE, CA FISHER, RS SAHYOUN, N AF JENSEN, KF OHMSTEDE, CA FISHER, RS SAHYOUN, N TI NUCLEAR AND AXONAL LOCALIZATION OF CA2+ CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE TYPE-GR IN RAT CEREBELLAR CORTEX SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CEREBELLUM; PARALLEL FIBERS; CLIMBING FIBERS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELL; SYNAPSIN ID SYNAPSIN-I; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; BRAIN; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; FOREBRAIN; DENSITY; FORMS; GENE AB The granule cell-enriched Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase-Gr) is a recently discovered neuron-specific enzyme. The kinase avidly phosphorylates synapsin I and contains a polyglutamate sequence, which suggests an association with chromatin as well. A possible role in synapsin I phosphorylation and in nuclear Ca2+ signaling was supported by immunochemical and ultrastructural examination of CaM kinase-Gr distribution. CaM kinase-Gr immunoreactivity was present in the molecular and granule cell layers of the rat cerebellum. This pattern corresponded to the occurrence of the enzyme in the granule cell axons and nuclei, respectively. Immunoblots confirmed these findings. Thus, CaM kinase-Gr may mediate and coordinate Ca2+-signaling within different subcellular compartments. C1 WELLCOME RES LABS,DIV CELL BIOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BIOBEHAV SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,MENTAL RETARDAT RES CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP JENSEN, KF (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD05958]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS24596] NR 28 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR PY 1991 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2850 EP 2853 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.7.2850 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FE864 UT WOS:A1991FE86400050 PM 2011593 ER PT J AU HARRIS, DT JASOFRIEDMANN, L DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS EVANS, DL AF HARRIS, DT JASOFRIEDMANN, L DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS EVANS, DL TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED, FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED MOLECULE ON HUMAN NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NATURAL KILLER ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ID CYTO-TOXIC CELLS; FISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TARGET-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; RECEPTOR; LYSIS; ACTIVATION; MONOCYTES; ANTIGENS; ANTIBODY AB Nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) in teleost fish are analogous to human natural killer (NK) cells and spontaneously lyse a variety of transformed human cell lines sensitive to human NK cell lysis. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) made against these NK-like effector cells inhibited their lytic activity. These anti-NCC mAbs were examined with human NK cells for their effects. It was observed that these mAbs bound specifically to a small percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (5-15%) and to the majority (> 85%) of CD3- NK cells. The mAbs inhibited human NK cell lysis against a variety of transformed cell lines. Single-cell assays showed that the mAbs exerted their effects through inhibition of conjugate formation (recognition). However, the mAbs did not inhibit NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Biochemical analysis of the NK cell molecule revealed that a dimeric structure was involved (distinct from antigen receptors on T cells). Thus, this molecule appears to be a candidate NK cell antigen receptor. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,MOLEC BIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HARRIS, DT (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47338-02] NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR PY 1991 VL 88 IS 8 BP 3009 EP 3013 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3009 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FG913 UT WOS:A1991FG91300009 PM 2014223 ER PT J AU SLOTKIN, TA SEIDLER, FJ KAVLOCK, RJ BARTOLOME, JV AF SLOTKIN, TA SEIDLER, FJ KAVLOCK, RJ BARTOLOME, JV TI FETAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE IMPAIRS CELLULAR-DEVELOPMENT IN NEONATAL RAT-HEART AND KIDNEY - EFFECTS ON DNA AND PROTEIN IN WHOLE TISSUES SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE; ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; TERBUTALINE EXPOSURE; BRAIN; LUNG; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; MACROMOLECULES; PROLIFERATION AB Fetal glucocorticoid exposure causes postnatal growth retardation. To examine the mechanisms underlying effects on specific organ systems, we administered 0.2 or 0.8 mg/kg of dexamethasone to pregnant rats on gestational days 17, 18, and 19 and assessed three biochemical markers of cell development in heart and kidney of the offspring: DNA content per organ as an index of total cell numbers, DNA per g tissue as an index of cell packing density, and protein/DNA ratio as an index of relative cell size. In both tissues, DNA content became markedly subnormal during the first postnatal week, the ontogenetic period of rapid cell division. Partial recovery occurred by the end of the first postnatal month. In the heart, cell packing density was subnormal initially and the cells were significantly enlarged. In contrast, packing density was slightly elevated in the kidney; protein/DNA was increased by the low dose of dexamethasone, but markedly decreased by the high dose. These results suggest that tissue growth impairment caused by prenatal dexamethasone treatment reflects primary deficits in cell proliferation that extend to a variety of different cell types; however, consequent effects on cell packing density and cell size are dose-specific, possibly reflecting actions of glucocorticoids selective for certain cell types or phases of cell development. C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SLOTKIN, TA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-09713] NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 1991 VL 43 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1002/tera.1420430404 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA FD002 UT WOS:A1991FD00200003 PM 2048038 ER PT J AU LASKEY, JW PHELPS, PV AF LASKEY, JW PHELPS, PV TI EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND OTHER METAL-CATIONS ON INVITRO LEYDIG-CELL TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS; MALE-RATS; CHLORIDE; EXPOSURE; COBALT; LEAD RP LASKEY, JW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 108 IS 2 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90119-Y PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FG044 UT WOS:A1991FG04400011 PM 1850171 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL TI ENVIRONMENTAL-LAW RELATING TO MEDICAL WASTE-DISPOSAL IN THE UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Review RP LEE, CC (reprint author), US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 9 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0734-242X(91)90101-C PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FJ594 UT WOS:A1991FJ59400006 ER PT J AU GLASS, GE SORENSEN, JA SCHMIDT, KW RAPP, GR YAP, D FRASER, D AF GLASS, GE SORENSEN, JA SCHMIDT, KW RAPP, GR YAP, D FRASER, D TI MERCURY DEPOSITION AND SOURCES FOR THE UPPER GREAT-LAKES REGION SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE MERCURY; PRECIPITATION; ONTARIO; AIR AB Mercury concentrations and depositions for northeastern Minnesota were measured in precipitation to investigate depositional trends, relationships with major cations and anions, and possible source emission regions. Results for 1987-1990 showed that environmentally significant amounts of Hg are present in precipitation and air and are subsequently deposited to remote lake watersheds. Volume-weighted concentrations of total Hg in precipitation averaged about 18 ng Hg L-1 with calculated annual depositions near 15-mu-g Hg m-2. Mercury concentrations in precipitation are positively correlated with the major ions, conductivity, and pH, and are negatively correlated with precipitation volume. The best predictor equation from stepwise regression has an r2 of 0.65 with Mg and chloride concentrations as predictor variables. From measurements of Hg in rain concentrations as a function of time within events, scavenging ratios for "washable" Hg were calculated to be 140 +/- 80 (mass based at a 1 mm hr-1 precipitation rate). Up to about 10% of the total Hg in air is subject to washout by precipitation for a given event. Air parcel back-trajectories indicate that possible source regions within 72-hr travel time were located mostly to the south, southeast, and southwest, up to 2500 km distance away but local sources may also be important. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL SCI & ENGN,DULUTH,MN 55812. ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM,AIR RESOURCES BRANCH,REXDALE M9W 5L1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP GLASS, GE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1991 VL 56 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1007/BF00342274 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA GM382 UT WOS:A1991GM38200019 ER PT J AU OSTENDORF, DW KAMPBELL, DH AF OSTENDORF, DW KAMPBELL, DH TI BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBON VAPORS IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-LIMITED BIODEGRADATION; AVIATION GASOLINE; TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS; SOILS; MEDIA; FUEL; GAS AB The time-averaged concentration of hydrocarbon and oxygen vapors were measured in the unsaturated zone above the residually contaminated capillary fringe at the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station in Traverse City, Michigan. Total hydrocarbon and oxygen vapor concentrations were observed over a 13-month period. Supplementary gain size, porosity, and moisture content data support the assumption of a uniform, homogeneous site geology which, in view of the planar hydrocarbon source term, abundant oxygen, and sparse data base, is suitable for simple analytical modeling. In the assumed absence of advection, leaching, and transience, the analysis is a straight-forward balance of gaseous diffusion and biological degradation coupled stoichiometrically in the two reacting constituents. Volatilization is shown to be a significant transport mechanism for hydrocarbons at Traverse City, and biodegradation prevents the escape of appreciable contamination to the atmosphere for most locations at this site. Little oxygen is expected to reach the water table because of the aerobic biodegradation process in the unsaturated zone. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP OSTENDORF, DW (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 44 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1029/91WR00111 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FF714 UT WOS:A1991FF71400002 ER PT J AU KAUFMANN, PR HERLIHY, AT MITCH, ME MESSER, JJ OVERTON, WS AF KAUFMANN, PR HERLIHY, AT MITCH, ME MESSER, JJ OVERTON, WS TI STREAM CHEMISTRY IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES .1. SYNOPTIC SURVEY DESIGN, ACID-BASE STATUS, AND REGIONAL PATTERNS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY PINELANDS; SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; ACIDIFICATION; ALUMINUM; SULFATE; FISH; QUALITY; RAIN AB To assess the regional acid-base status of streams in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States, spring base flow chemistry was surveyed in a probability sample of 500 stream reaches representing a population of 64,300 reaches (224,000 km). Approximately half of the streams had acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) less-than-or-equal-to 200-mu-eq L-1. Acidic (ANC less-than-or-equal-to 0) streams were located in the highlands of the Mid-Atlantic region (southern New York to southern Virginia, 2330 km), in coastal lowlands of the Mid-Atlantic (2600 km), and in Florida (462 km). Acidic streams were rare (less than 1%) in the highlands of the Southeast. Inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al(im)) concentrations were highest in acidic streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands where over 70% of the acidic streams had Al(im) greater than 100-mu-g L-1, a concentration above which deleterious biological effects have frequently been reported. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were much higher in lowland coastal streams, compared with inland streams. Our data support a hypothesis that atmospheric sources and watershed retention control regional patterns in streamwater sulfate concentrations. Most stream watersheds retain the vast majority of the total nitrogen loading from wet deposition. The data suggest, however, that some deposition nitrogen may be reaching streams in the Northern Appalachians. These results show that acidic surface waters are found outside the glaciated northeastern portions of the United States and that watershed sulfate retention is not sufficient to prevent acidic conditions in some Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP KAUFMANN, PR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH WATER RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 69 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 611 EP 627 DI 10.1029/90WR02767 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FF714 UT WOS:A1991FF71400016 ER PT J AU HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR MITCH, ME AF HERLIHY, AT KAUFMANN, PR MITCH, ME TI STREAM CHEMISTRY IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES .2. CURRENT SOURCES OF ACIDITY IN ACIDIC AND LOW ACID-NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY STREAMS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY PINELANDS; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; HEADWATER STREAMS; WATERS; RAIN; DEPOSITION AB We examined anion composition in National Stream Survey (NSS) data in order to evaluate the most probable sources of current acidity in acidic and low acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) streams in the eastern United States. Acidic streams that had almost no organic influence (less than 10% of total anions) and sulfate and nitrate concentrations indicative of evaporative concentration of atmospheric deposition were classified as acidic due to acidic deposition. These acidic streams were located in small (< 30 km2) forested watersheds in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands (an estimated 1950 km of stream length) and in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain (1250 km). Acidic streams affected primarily by acidic deposition but also influenced by naturally occurring organic anions accounted for another 1180 km of acidic stream length and were located in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, plateau tops in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast Highlands, and the Florida Panhandle. The total length of streams acidic due to acid mine drainage in the NSS (4590 km) was about the same as the total length of acidic streams likely affected by acidic deposition (4380 km). Acidic streams whose acid anion composition was dominated by organics were located in Florida and the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. In Florida, most of the acidic streams were organic dominated, whereas about half of the streams in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain were organic dominated. Organic-dominated acidic streams were not observed in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast Highlands. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP HERLIHY, AT (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH WATER RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1029/90WR02768 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA FF714 UT WOS:A1991FF71400017 ER PT J AU MUELLER, TC BANKS, PA STEEN, WC AF MUELLER, TC BANKS, PA STEEN, WC TI MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION OF FLURTAMONE IN 3 GEORGIA SOILS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLURTAMONE, 5-(METHYLAMINO)-2-PHENYL-4-[3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL); PHENYL]-3-(2H)-FURANONE ID CHLORSULFURON; DISSIPATION; PERSISTENCE; FLURIDONE; SURFACE AB Degradation of flurtamone3 in a Greenville sandy clay loam, a Cecil loam, and a Dothan loamy sand with 0, 1, or 2 yr of previous flurtamone field use was evaluated under controlled conditions. Soil sterilization by autoclaving significantly reduced flurtamone dissipation rate in all soils. Enhanced degradation of flurtamone was observed in a Greenville sandy clay loam after 1 yr of previous flurtamone field use and in a Cecil loam after 2 yr of previous flurtamone field use. No enhancement of flurtamone degradation was observed in a Dothan loamy sand. Flurtamone degradation kinetics in these studies was described as a first-order process. Microbial populations in each soil showed no major changes in total bacterial numbers due to preexposure to flurtamone in the field. C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 270 EP 274 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FY474 UT WOS:A1991FY47400024 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, WG AF ROSENBERG, WG TI CLEAN-AIR ACT AMENDMENTS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP ROSENBERG, WG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & RADIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 29 PY 1991 VL 251 IS 5001 BP 1546 EP 1547 DI 10.1126/science.251.5001.1546-a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FD890 UT WOS:A1991FD89000003 PM 17793121 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L LEE, L HIGHFILL, J AF GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L LEE, L HIGHFILL, J TI ACUTE EFFECTS OF DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE (DFP) ON AUTONOMIC AND BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES IN THE LONG-EVANS RAT SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORGANOPHOSPHATES; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; MOTOR ACTIVITY; BODY TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; EVAPORATIVE WATER LOSS; PERIPHERAL VASODILATION ID CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TOLERANCE; MAMMALS; AGENTS; BRAIN; SOMAN AB Experiments were designed to assess the mechanisms of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)-induced changes in thermoregulation of the rat. In one study, male rats of the Long-Evans strain were injected with DFP (s.c.) at doses ranging from 0 to 2.0 mg/kg while maintained at an ambient temperature (T(a)) of 20-24-degrees-C. Body (T(b)) and tail skin (T(t)) temperatures were recorded for 5 h post-injection. DFP doses of greater-than-or-equal-to 1.0 mg/kg resulted in significant decreases in T(b) lasting up to 5 h and increases in T(t) lasting up to 1 h post-injection. In a second study, metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), motor activity (MA), T(b), and T(t) were measured at 2 h post-injection of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg DFP (s.c.) at T(a) values of 10, 20, and 30-degrees-C. DFP treatment resulted in hypothermia at all three T(a) values, but the effect was attenuated at 30-degrees-C. MR was significantly reduced at a T(a) of 20-degrees-C following 1.5 mg/kg, unaffected by DFP at a T(a) of 30-degrees-C, and stimulated at 10-degrees-C following 0.5 mg/kg DFP. EWL was significantly elevated at 30-degrees-C following 1.5 mg/kg DFP. MA was significantly reduced following greater-than-or-equal-to 1.0 mg/kg DFP at 20 and 30-degrees-C and 1.5 mg/kg at 10-degrees-C. T(t) was elevated and reduced by DFP at T(a) values of 30 and 10-degrees-C, respectively. In a third study, rats were injected with DFP and placed in a temperature gradient for 1 to 2 h post-injection while selected T(a) and T(b) were monitored. While both control and DFP-treated rats remained in the cool end of the gradient, rats administered DFP at doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg were significantly hypothermic. It was also found that T(a) values of 10, 20, and 30-degrees-C had no effect on DFP-induced inhibition of cholinesterase activity of plasma and erythrocyte fractions of whole blood. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that acute DFP may lower the set-point for the control of body temperature in the rat and demonstrates that the toxicity of DFP is modified by changes in T(a). C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV SPECIAL STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 25 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(91)90159-X PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FJ196 UT WOS:A1991FJ19600001 PM 2017760 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J TI MORTALITY AND AIR-POLLUTION IN LONDON - A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,PM221,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 6 BP 632 EP 633 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FD790 UT WOS:A1991FD79000016 ER PT J AU CALVERT, RJ SATCHITHANANDAM, S SCHAUDIES, RP AF CALVERT, RJ SATCHITHANANDAM, S SCHAUDIES, RP TI CONSUMPTION OF DIETARY-FIBERS WITH DIFFERENT POTENTIALS TO ALTER COLONIC CARCINOGENESIS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS COLONIC LUMINAL IMMUNOREACTIVE EGF LEVELS IN RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1083 EP A1083 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55000963 ER PT J AU COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L LEVEE, G BAADSGAARD, O KOREN, H AF COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L LEVEE, G BAADSGAARD, O KOREN, H TI EFFECT OF UV-LIGHT ON INDUCTION OF IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO EPICUTANEOUS ANTIGEN IN HUMANS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV COPENHAGEN,DK-1168 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A967 EP A967 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55000294 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L WATKINSON, WP AF GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L WATKINSON, WP TI BEHAVIORAL AND AUTONOMIC THERMOREGULATION IN THE RAT FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE (DFP) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1401 EP A1401 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002807 ER PT J AU HATHCOCK, JN REICKS, M POIRIER, L FULLERTON, F WHITTAKER, P AF HATHCOCK, JN REICKS, M POIRIER, L FULLERTON, F WHITTAKER, P TI EFFECT CHRONIC ACETAMINOPHEN INGESTION ON LIVER S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE AND ON INVIVO FE-INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION IN MICE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1217 EP A1217 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55001740 ER PT J AU IVES, PJ GERRITY, TR DEWITT, P FOLINSBEE, LJ AF IVES, PJ GERRITY, TR DEWITT, P FOLINSBEE, LJ TI PULMONARY-FUNCTION AND CLEARANCE AFTER PROLONGED SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL EXPOSURE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ABB ENVIRONM BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,CLIN RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1056 EP A1056 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55000811 ER PT J AU NORWOOD, J HATCH, G KILLOUGH, P AF NORWOOD, J HATCH, G KILLOUGH, P TI A RAPID METHOD FOR NASAL LAVAGE IN ANIMALS AND CALCULATION OF MUCUS VOLUME SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NSI TECH SERV INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1398 EP A1398 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002791 ER PT J AU WATKINSON, WP WIESTER, MJ AF WATKINSON, WP WIESTER, MJ TI MODULATION OF OZONE TOXICITY WITH CHANGES IN AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE IN THE UNANESTHETIZED, UNRESTRAINED RAT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1402 EP A1402 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002811 ER PT J AU BECKER, S ROGER, LJ DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS AF BECKER, S ROGER, LJ DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS TI LYMPHOCYTE INFILTRATION AND INCREASED MACROPHAGE PHAGOCYTOSIS IN THE LUNGS OF HNO3-EXPOSED HUMANS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ABB ENVIRONM & CLIN RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A890 EP A890 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20703022 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KB JENSEN, KF COATES, NH MUELLER, RA CRISWELL, HE DUNCAN, GE BREESE, GR CARON, MG FREMEAU, RT AF JOHNSON, KB JENSEN, KF COATES, NH MUELLER, RA CRISWELL, HE DUNCAN, GE BREESE, GR CARON, MG FREMEAU, RT TI INDUCTION OF C-FOS-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY BY THE SELECTIVE D1-DOPAMINE AGONIST A-68930 IN NEONATALLY-6-OHDA-LESIONED RATS - COMPARISON WITH D1-RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA LOCALIZATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A413 EP A413 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20700250 ER PT J AU LUEBKE, RW MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP AF LUEBKE, RW MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP TI EFFECTS OF THE NEUROTOXICANT 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP) ON IMMUNE FUNCTION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A507 EP A507 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20700788 ER PT J AU MCKINNON, K JOYCE, M NOAH, T DEVLIN, R KOREN, H AF MCKINNON, K JOYCE, M NOAH, T DEVLIN, R KOREN, H TI BEAS S6 (BEAS) HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS PRODUCE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS FOLLOWING OZONE(O3) EXPOSURE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ABB ENVIRONM SERV,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A634 EP A634 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701529 ER PT J AU POIRIER, KA VELAZQUEZ, SF AF POIRIER, KA VELAZQUEZ, SF TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF MANGANESE - A COMPARISON OF ORAL AND INHALATION DERIVATIONS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A486 EP A486 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20700669 ER PT J AU SAMET, JM NOAH, T MCKINNON, K DEVLIN, R FRIEDMAN, M AF SAMET, JM NOAH, T MCKINNON, K DEVLIN, R FRIEDMAN, M TI EFFECT OF OZONE ON PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ABB ENVIRONM SERV,RES TRANGLE PK,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A484 EP A484 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20700655 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, TF STEFANSKI, SA WILSON, RE BLAIR, PC CLARK, AM BIRNBAUM, LS AF MCMAHON, TF STEFANSKI, SA WILSON, RE BLAIR, PC CLARK, AM BIRNBAUM, LS TI COMPARATIVE ACUTE NEPHROTOXICITY OF SALICYLIC-ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID, AND 2,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED FISCHER-344 RATS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALICYLIC ACID; 2,3-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; 2,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; NEPHROTOXICITY; AGING ID URINARY ENZYMES AB Experimental evidence suggests that the oxidative metabolites, 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DIOH) may be responsible for the nephrotoxicity of salicylic acid (SAL). In the present study, enzymuria in conjunction with glucose (GLU) and protein (PRO) excretion were used as endpoints to compare the relative nephrotoxicity of SAL with 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH. In addition, the effect of age on enzymuria and GLU and PRO excretion following treatment with SAL or 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH was investigated because the elderly are at greater risk for SAL-induced nephrotoxicity. Three and 12-month male Fischer 344 rats were administered either no treatment, vehicle, SAL, 2,3-DIOH, or 2,5-DIOH at 500 mg/kg p.o. in 5 ml/kg corn oil/DMSO (5:1). Effects of these treatments on functional integrity of renal tissue was assessed from 0-72 h after dosing by measurement of urinary creatinine, GLU, and PRO, as well as excretion of proximal and distal tubular renal enzymes. Enzymes measured as indicators of proximal tubular damage were N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP), while urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured as indicators of distal tubular damage. In comparison to 3-month vehicle-treated rats, 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH caused a significant increase between 0-8 h in excretion of urinary GLU and activities of AST, NAG, and LD, with peak effects occurring between 4-8 h. Toxic effects of either metabolite were not evident beyond 24 h, and toxicity of 2,5-DIOH was significantly greater in comparison to 2,3-DIOH. SAL treatment resulted in similar effects on enzymuria as well as GLU and PRO excretion, but peak effects did not occur until 16-24 h, and often persisted until 72 h after dosing. Maximal enzymuria in response to SAL treatment was significantly greater in 12- vs. 3-month rats for AST, NAG, and LD. In response to 2,3-DIOH treatment, the maximal response was significantly greater in 12- vs. 3-month rats for LD and AST, and for NAG in response to 2,5-DIOH treatment. The results of this study suggest that both 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH are nephrotoxic metabolities of SAL, but implicate 2,5-DIOH as the more potent nephrotoxic metabolite. The relative lack of an age effect for 2,3- and 2,5-DIOH vs. SAL supports the hypothesis [2] that age-related differences in biotransformation of SAL, and not increased tissue sensitivity to 2,3- or 2,5-DIOH, contribute to the age-related increase in susceptibility to SAL-induced nephrotoxicity. C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,ENVIRONM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,MOLEC TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 66 IS 3 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(91)90201-B PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FG533 UT WOS:A1991FG53300006 PM 2011854 ER PT J AU KANG, HK WATANABE, KK BREEN, J REMMERS, J CONOMOS, MG STANLEY, J FLICKER, M AF KANG, HK WATANABE, KK BREEN, J REMMERS, J CONOMOS, MG STANLEY, J FLICKER, M TI DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS IN ADIPOSE-TISSUE OF UNITED-STATES VIETNAM VETERANS AND CONTROLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; MISSOURI; SAMPLES AB The primary reason for concern about the adverse effects of exposure to Agent Orange is attributable to its toxic contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or dioxin. We studied adipose tissues from 36 Vietnam veterans, a similar group of 79 non-Vietnam veterans, and 80 civilians; the tissue specimens were selected from the 8,000 archived tissues collected from the non-institutionalized general population by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The geometric mean (+/- standard deviation) dioxin levels in adipose tissue for Vietnam veterans, non-Vietnam veterans, and civilian controls were 11.7 (+/- 1.7), 10.9 (+/- 1.7), and 12.4 (+/- 1.9) parts per trillion on a lipid weight basis, respectively. The mean levels for these groups were not significantly different from each other with or without adjustment for age of individuals, body mass index, and specimen collection year. In addition, none of the surrogate measures of Agent Orange exposure such as military branch, service within specific geographic region, military occupation, and troop location in relation to recorded Agent Orange spray was associated with the dioxin levels in adipose tissue of Vietnam veterans. Our results suggest that heavy exposure to Agent Orange or dioxin for most US troops was unlikely. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. VET ADM MED CTR,LEAVENWORTH,KS. RP KANG, HK (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS,OFF ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,1825 K ST NW,SUITE 322,WASHINGTON,DC 20006, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.3.344 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FF473 UT WOS:A1991FF47300011 PM 1994743 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB REDDY, TV STOBER, JA OLSON, GR AF DANIEL, FB REDDY, TV STOBER, JA OLSON, GR TI SITE-SPECIFIC MODULATION OF CARCINOGEN-INDUCED GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT NUCLEAR ANOMALIES IN B6C3F1 MICE BY CHLOROFORM SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANTICANCER EFFECT; CHLOROFORM; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; APOPTOSIS; NUCLEAR ANOMALIES; MICE ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; COLON CANCER; CELL-DEATH; APOPTOSIS; MICRONUCLEI; EPITHELIUM; 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE; PURIFICATION; THYMOCYTES; DEPENDENCE AB chloroform (CHCl3) is an established rodent carcinogen and a prevalent contaminant of chlorine-disinfected drinking water. Thus in the United States CHCl3, along with other trihalomethanes, is regulated not to exceed 100 ppb in potable water. Recently, several studies have shown that CHCl3 also has anti-cancer properties as it inhibits tumor growth in mouse liver and in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. In this paper we show that CHCl3 also inhibits the propensity for three gastrointestinal tract carcinogens, benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and methylnitrosourea (MNU), to induce nuclear anomalies in the proximal colon of the B6C3F1 mouse. For example, in mice pre-adapted to 1800 ppm CHC13 for 30 days prior to the carcinogen administration the level of nuclear anomalies induced in the proximal colon by BAP was reduced by four-fold (0.9 +/- 0.7 v. 3.6 +/- 1.0 anomalies/10 crypts; p < 0.001) and two-fold for MNU (2.4 +/- 1.0 v. 4.6 +/- 1.6; p < 0.001) and DMH (0.9 +/- 0.9 v. 1.7 +/- 0.8; p = 0.03). In the duodenum CHCl3 was effective at inhibiting unclear anomalies only for MNU (45.3 +/- 4.6 v. 30.4 +/- 3.5; p = 0.02). The inhibitory effect of CHCl3 does not extend to nuclear anomalies of the forestomach. The anti-cancer properties of CHCl3 are discussed in light of its cancer causing potential and possible application to human risk assessment. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45069. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,AW BREIDENBACH ENVIRONM RES CTR,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FU206 UT WOS:A1991FU20600024 PM 2064320 ER PT J AU SIKDAR, SK COLE, KD STEWART, RM SZLAG, C TODD, P CABEZAS, H AF SIKDAR, SK COLE, KD STEWART, RM SZLAG, C TODD, P CABEZAS, H TI AQUEOUS 2-PHASE EXTRACTION IN BIOSEPARATIONS - AN ASSESSMENT SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CTR CHEM TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT CHEM ENGN, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP US EPA, 26 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 9 IS 3 BP 252 EP + DI 10.1038/nbt0391-252 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA FA930 UT WOS:A1991FA93000014 PM 1367300 ER PT J AU YANAGIDA, K YANAGIMACHI, R PERREAULT, SD KLEINFELD, RG AF YANAGIDA, K YANAGIMACHI, R PERREAULT, SD KLEINFELD, RG TI THERMOSTABILITY OF SPERM NUCLEI ASSESSED BY MICROINJECTION INTO HAMSTER OOCYTES SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID DNA-SYNTHESIS; SPERMATOZOA; MAMMALS; INVIVO; EGGS AB Nuclei isolated from spermatozoa of various species (golden hamster, mouse, human, rooster, and the fish tilapia) were heated at 60-degrees-125-degrees-C for 20-120 min and then microinjected into hamster oocytes to determine whether they could decondense and develop into pronuclei. Mature, mammalian sperm nuclei, which are stabilized by protamine disulfide bonds, were moderately heat resistant. For example, they remained capable of pronucleus formation even after pretreatment for 30 min at 90-degrees-C. Indeed, a temperature of 125-degrees-C (steam) was required to inactivate hamster sperm nuclei completely. On the other hand, nuclei of rooster and tilapia spermatozoa and those of immature hamster and mouse spermatozoa, which are not stabilized by protamine disulfide bonds, were sensitive to heating; although some of them decondensed after exposure to 90-degrees-C, none formed male pronuclei. Furthermore, nuclei of mature hamster sperm became heat labile when they were pretreated with dithiothreitol to reduce their protamine disulfide bonds. These observations suggest that the thermostability shown by the nuclei of mature spermatozoa of eutherian mammals is related to disulfide cross-linking of sperm protamines. C1 UNIV HAWAII,JOHN A BURNS SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & REPROD BIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-03402] NR 23 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1095/biolreprod44.3.440 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA EX842 UT WOS:A1991EX84200008 PM 2015362 ER PT J AU BURDETTE, LJ OCALLAGHAN, JP AF BURDETTE, LJ OCALLAGHAN, JP TI CA2+/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION IS NOT ALTERED BY AMYGDALOID KINDLING SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Note DE KINDLING; SEIZURES; AMYGDALA; HIPPOCAMPUS; CALMODULIN; PHOSPHORYLATION ID CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; LASTING CHANGE; KINASE SYSTEM; CALMODULIN; MEMBRANE; RAT; SEIZURE; INHIBITION; EPILEPSY AB Kindling is a process in which episodic electrical stimulation permanently increases seizure susceptibility. One mechanism to account for a change in seizure susceptibility is some alteration in signal transduction, possibly at the level of second messenger systems. In this study, male Long-Evans rats were kindled in the amygdala, and Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM)-dependent protein phosphorylation was assessed at the site of the primary kindled focus using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In vitro phosphorylation of membrane and cytosol fractions in the presence or absence of Ca2+/CaM did not differentiate kindled from nonkindled amygdaloid tissue. These results suggest that changes in Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphorylation are not related to the mechanism(s) underlying the establishment of an amygdaloid kindled focus. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BURDETTE, LJ (reprint author), GRAD HOSP PHILADELPHIA,DEPT NEUROL,RES BLDG,415 S 19TH ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19146, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1016/0361-9230(91)90024-E PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FD382 UT WOS:A1991FD38200024 PM 2049615 ER PT J AU REDDY, TV STOBER, JA OLSON, GR DANIEL, FB AF REDDY, TV STOBER, JA OLSON, GR DANIEL, FB TI INDUCTION OF NUCLEAR ANOMALIES IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT BY POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT NUCLEAR ANOMALIES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON MIXTURES ID TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; DIOL-EPOXIDES; ULTIMATE CARCINOGEN; WORK ATMOSPHERE; TRIOL-EPOXIDES; MOUSE SKIN; BENZO(A)PYRENE; MICE; BENZOPYRENE; DIHYDRODIOLS AB A selective list of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with varied carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies, which are identified as common contaminants at industrial sites and which often contaminate the neighboring ground water, are investigated for their ability to induce nuclear anomalies (NA) in the mouse gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract. These studies examined the hypothesis that a relationship between NA induction and carcinogenic potency of these PAH exists. Among the PAH tested, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthrene (DMBA) was most effective inducer of NA in all G.I. tract tissues examined, with the relative potency in duodenum of DMBA > > > benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) > > benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F). The induction of NA by benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A), pyrene (PY) and benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) was not different from that elicited by vehicle controls. MNU, a known potent inducer of NA in the mouse G.I. tract, yielded a high level of NA in duodenum and proximal colon but was less effective than DMBA in the forestomach. The data suggest that induction of NA by DMBA and B[a]P PAH are in approximate accordance with their relative carcinogenic potency in the gastrointestinal tract. When binary mixtures of some PAH were administered the yield of NA was less than that expected by simple additivity and closer to that expected by averaging the activities of the two PAH comprising the mixture. Thus, this short-term in vivo assay may be useful as a predictor of the genotoxic or carcinogenic strength of individual PAH and/or mixtures of these compounds. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,BIOCHEM & MOLEC TOXICOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(91)90005-3 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FF263 UT WOS:A1991FF26300005 PM 2021925 ER PT J AU RICHARD, AM HONGSLO, JK BOONE, PF HOLME, JA AF RICHARD, AM HONGSLO, JK BOONE, PF HOLME, JA TI STRUCTURE ACTIVITY STUDY OF PARACETAMOL ANALOGS - INHIBITION OF REPLICATIVE DNA-SYNTHESIS IN V79 CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; BENZOQUINONE IMINE; HEPATIC NECROSIS; ACETAMINOPHEN; OXIDATION; INDUCTION; BINDING; PLASMA; TUMORS AB Experimental and theoretical evidence pertaining to cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of paracetamol in biological systems was used to formulate a simple mechanistic hypothesis to explain the relative inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis by a series of 19 structurally similar paracetamol analogues, 5 of which were specifically analyzed for the current study. It was hypothesized that the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues was based on the relative abilities of these compounds to undergo H atom loss at the phenolic oxygen, and on the relative stabilities of the resulting free-radical species. Three calculated parameters were found to be relevant-the partial atomic charge on the ring carbon attached to the phenolic oxygen, the partial charge on the phenoxy radical oxygen, and the energy difference between the parent phenolic paracetamol analogue and the corresponding radical dissociation products. The variation in parameter values was significantly correlated with the relative inhibition of DNA synthesis and was easily rationalized in terms of the mechanistic hypothesis proposed. More specifically, competitive reaction with a tyrosyl radical species involving the transfer of a hydrogen atom at the active site of ribonucleotide reductase was suggested as the underlying mechanistic basis for the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues. Comparison of calculated parameters for a model tyrosyl species and the paracetamol analogues was entirely consistent with this view. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,N-0462 OSLO 4,NORWAY. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP RICHARD, AM (reprint author), US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1021/tx00020a005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA FC030 UT WOS:A1991FC03000005 PM 1782344 ER PT J AU LIEGEL, L CASSELL, D STEVENS, D SHAFFER, P CHURCH, R AF LIEGEL, L CASSELL, D STEVENS, D SHAFFER, P CHURCH, R TI REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND-USE IN NORTHEAST AND SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE - ASSOCIATIONS WITH ACID-RAIN EFFECTS ON SURFACE-WATER CHEMISTRY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE LAND USE; ACID RAIN; WATER CHEMISTRY; WETLANDS ID STREAM CHEMISTRY; MOOSE RIVER; NEW-YORK; QUALITY; VEGETATION; PHOSPHORUS; DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS; BRANCH AB The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) is one of several studies being conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to assess risk to surface waters from acidic deposition in the eastern United States. In one phase of DDRP, land use, wetland, and forest cover data were collected for statistical samples of 145 Northeast lake and 35 Southern Blue Ridge Province stream watersheds in the United States. Land-use and other data then were extrapolated from individual to target watershed populations. Project statistical design allows summarization of results for various subsets of the target population. This article discusses results and implications of the land-use and land-cover characterization for both regions. Forest cover was the primary land use in both regions. In the Northeast, developed (agriculture and urban) land was positively associated with surface-water chemistry values for acid neutralizing capacity, Ca plus Mg, pH, and sulfate in the Pocono/Catskill subregion. Extensive wetlands and beaver activity occur in parts of the Northeast region, whereas topography limits wetland and riparian development in the Southern Blue Ridge Province. Northeast soils have low sulfate adsorption capacity, most watersheds are near sulfur steady state, and lake sulfate concentrations are controlled principally by levels of sulfur deposition. Net annual sulfur retention in Northeast watersheds in positively correlated with ocurrence of wetlands and beaver impoundments. In contrast, most Southern Blue Ridge Province soils have high sulfate adsorption capacities, resulting in high net watershed sulfur retention. At the present time, stream sulfate concentrations and percent sulfur retention are controlled principally by soil chemical properties related to adsorption rather than atmospheric deposition and land use. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI,TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP LIEGEL, L (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35 ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1007/BF02393859 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FF303 UT WOS:A1991FF30300014 ER PT J AU OMERNIK, JM ROHM, CM LILLIE, RA MESNER, N AF OMERNIK, JM ROHM, CM LILLIE, RA MESNER, N TI USEFULNESS OF NATURAL REGIONS FOR LAKE MANAGEMENT - ANALYSIS OF VARIATION AMONG LAKES IN NORTHWESTERN WISCONSIN, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; LAKE MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY; REGIONALIZATION; ECOREGIONS; GIS ID UNITED-STATES AB A map of summer total phosphorus in lakes was compiled recently for a three-state area of the upper Midwest for purposes of identifying regional patterns of total phosphorus in lakes and attainable lake trophic state. Spatial patterns in total phosphorus from approximately 3000 lakes were studied in conjunction with maps of geographic characteristics that tend to affect phosphorus balance in lakes to identify regions of similarity in phosphorus concentrations in lakes or similarity in the mosaic of values as compared to adjacent areas. While degrees of relative homogeneity are apparent at many scales, the map was designed at a scale that would yield regions with sufficient homogeneity to be useful for lake management throughout the area. In this study, data from 210 lakes in a 1560-mi2 area in northwestern Wisconsin, sampled by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in the spring of 1988 (subsequent to the compilation of the phosphorus map), were examined to: (1) substantiate the existence of the regions depicted on the map in northwest Wisconsin, (2) determine the nature and relative precision of the regional boundaries, (3) determine the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic watershed characteristics, lake types, lake area, and lake depth in explaining within-region differences in lake phosphorus, and (4) demonstrate how the regions might be used by local lake managers. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR RES,MADISON,WI 53711. RP OMERNIK, JM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Mesner, Nancy/C-9584-2011 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1007/BF02393860 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FF303 UT WOS:A1991FF30300015 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL NALESNIK, RP AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL NALESNIK, RP TI MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT - THE STATE-OF-THE-ART SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP LEE, CC (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,THERMAL PROC SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.1021/es00015a607 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ643 UT WOS:A1991EZ64300002 ER PT J AU ROWE, WD AF ROWE, WD TI SUPERFUND AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION - ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROWE, WD (reprint author), US EPA,REG 6,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ643 UT WOS:A1991EZ64300005 ER PT J AU PRITCHARD, PH COSTA, CF AF PRITCHARD, PH COSTA, CF TI EPAS ALASKA OIL-SPILL BIOREMEDIATION PROJECT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; CRUDE-OIL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BIODEGRADATION; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; PATHWAY; SYSTEM; MODEL C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV NUCL RADIAT ASSESSMENT,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP PRITCHARD, PH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 63 TC 160 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1021/es00015a002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ643 UT WOS:A1991EZ64300006 ER PT J AU GHOLSON, AR ALBRITTON, JR JAYANTY, RKM KNOLL, JE MIDGETT, MR AF GHOLSON, AR ALBRITTON, JR JAYANTY, RKM KNOLL, JE MIDGETT, MR TI EVALUATION OF AN ENCLOSURE METHOD FOR MEASURING EMISSIONS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM QUIESCENT LIQUID SURFACES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; FIELD AB An enclosure method for direct measurement of volatile organic emissions from quiescent liquid surfaces was investigated under simulated conditions in the laboratory and in the field at two hazardous waste treatment facilities. In the laboratory study, accuracy and precision of the method was estimated under a variety of environmental and operational conditions including level of emission rates, emission composition, solar intensity, and enclosure sweep flow rate. Precision of the method was determined in the field studies at two sites under a range of environmental conditions including winter versus summer, full sun versus shade, low emission rate versus high emission rate, and polar and nonpolar compounds. The results of the laboratory study show that precision for a single-component emission rate was 3.0% or less measured as pooled relative standard deviation with a sweep flow rate of 5 L/min or above. A consistent negative bias of approximately 50% was found, which was independent of emission rate, solar intensity, or sweep flow rate at or above 5 L/min. The bias was found to vary with compound and between single-compound and multicompound emissions. Precision in the field was found to be approximately 20% expressed as relative standard deviation. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1021/es00015a021 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ643 UT WOS:A1991EZ64300026 ER PT J AU BANERJEE, S BAUGHMAN, GL AF BANERJEE, S BAUGHMAN, GL TI BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS AND LIPID SOLUBILITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; OCTANOL; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; ELIMINATION; CHEMICALS AB The log-log relationship between bioconcentration and hydrophobicity breaks down for several medium and high molecular weight solutes that bioconcentrate either to a small extent or not at all. Much of the failure is attributed to the relatively low solubility of these compounds in lipid. Inclusion of a term in octanol solubility (in place of lipid solubility, which is generally unavailable) considerably improves the quality of the relationship (r = 0.95). It is speculated that the octanol solubility term compensates for the relatively low solubility of large compounds in lipid. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP BANERJEE, S (reprint author), INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL,575 14TH ST NW,ATLANTA,GA 30318, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 536 EP 539 DI 10.1021/es00015a024 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ643 UT WOS:A1991EZ64300029 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, WF SEAL, E AF MCDONNELL, WF SEAL, E TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LUNG-FUNCTION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUNG-ADULT BLACK-AND-WHITE MALES AND FEMALES SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LUNG FUNCTION; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; SPIROMETRY ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; VENTILATORY FUNCTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; NORMAL STANDARDS; VITAL CAPACITY; ONE 2ND; HEALTHY; POPULATION; DISEASE; DECLINE AB The relationships of lung function to physical characteristics in young adults have not been adequately described for different gender-race groups in the United States. As part of a study of the effects of ozone exposure upon Black and White men and women, we measured lung volumes, expiratory flow rates, and airways resistance on a sample of 314 healthy 18-35 yr old nonsmokers. Regression analysis indicated that lung function was adequately described as a linear function of either height or sitting height in each of the four groups, and that while not always significant, gender and race differences in the height and sitting height coefficients were consistently present with those of males and Whites larger than those of females and Blacks, respectively. Lung volumes were frequently observed to be associated with body mass index as measured by Quetelet Index (weight-height-2). The best fitting gender-race specific multiple regression models including these terms and occasional age terms are presented. Two additional models are presented, one of which simultaneously adjusts for both gender and race, and the other of which adjusts for gender for a given race. Comparison of predicted values from our study to those of other studies suggests that the population samples from this study may be similar to those of other American populations reported upon by others. RP MCDONNELL, WF (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CAMPUS BOX 7315,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 3 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA FK977 UT WOS:A1991FK97700004 PM 1864343 ER PT J AU GENTHNER, BRS TOWNSEND, GT CHAPMAN, PJ AF GENTHNER, BRS TOWNSEND, GT CHAPMAN, PJ TI PARA-HYDROXYBENZOATE AS AN INTERMEDIATE IN THE ANAEROBIC TRANSFORMATION OF PHENOL TO BENZOATE SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PHENOL TRANSFORMATION; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; PARA-CARBOXYLATION; BENZOATE; PARA-HYDROXYBENZOATE ID AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; DEGRADATION; CARBOXYLATION; MECHANISM AB Anaerobic phenol transformation was studied using a consortium which transformed phenol to benzoate without complete mineralization of benzoate. Products of monofluorophenol transformation indicated para-carboxylation. Phenol and benzoate were detected during para-hydroxybenzoate (p-OHB) degradation. p-OHB was detected in phenol-transforming cultures containing 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-OHNA), a structural analogue of p-OHB, or at elevated initial concentrations of phenol (greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mM), or benzoate (greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mM). C1 US EPA,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,ENVIRONM RES LAB SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP GENTHNER, BRS (reprint author), US EPA,TECHN RESOURCES INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 78 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FC928 UT WOS:A1991FC92800025 PM 2040433 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, E BANERJEE, S RONEN, D MAGARITZ, M MACHLIN, A SOSNOW, M KOGLIN, E AF KAPLAN, E BANERJEE, S RONEN, D MAGARITZ, M MACHLIN, A SOSNOW, M KOGLIN, E TI MULTILAYER SAMPLING IN THE WATER-TABLE REGION OF A SANDY AQUIFER SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER SAMPLES AB Depth profiles of organic pollutants, metals, and anions were obtained using a ground-water multilayer sampler (MLS) in a sandy unconfined aquifer contaminated by liquid fuels. The sampler incorporates dialysis membranes and is capable of obtaining vertical profiles with a resolution on the order of few centimeters. Of the eight solutes examined (metals, organics, and anions), all except sulfate exhibited microscale heterogeneities in their concentration over a vertical interval of 200 cm. Chloride, manganese, and iron showed a long linear concentration gradient versus depth which is probably the result of vertical mixing by rainfall input. Maximum concentrations of toluene, xylene, and xylidine at the water table were 17.1, 8.3, and 17.1 mg/l, respectively, decreasing with depth. For toluene and xylene the maximum concentrations found at the water table with the MLS are 40 and 4 times higher, respectively, than those detected at depths greater than 200 cm in water samples obtained with a pump. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NEW YORK DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,AVON,NY 14414. NEW YORK DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP KAPLAN, E (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT NUCL ENERGY,DIV RADIOL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 2 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00510.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA FA883 UT WOS:A1991FA88300006 ER PT J AU MILLS, WB LIU, S FONG, FK AF MILLS, WB LIU, S FONG, FK TI LITERATURE-REVIEW AND MODEL (COMET) FOR COLLOID METALS TRANSPORT IN POROUS-MEDIA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; FILTRATION; PARTICLES; WATER; PESTICIDES; LONDON; FORCES; SOIL AB This paper summarizes topics related to colloid transport in subsurface media. The ultimate objective of the paper is to present a model that can be used to evaluate the significance of colloid facilitated transport on the mobility of metals. Field and laboratory studies are first reviewed to evaluate evidence that colloids are transported in subsurface media. Second, researchers active in the field are contacted to identify areas of ongoing research, and to solicit opinions concerning the level of understanding of mechanisms that control colloid migration. Third, the literature on colloid transport mechanisms is reviewed, with particular emphasis on colloid (and particle) filtration and on colloid stability as influenced by electrical repulsion and Van der Waals attraction. Fourth, a conceptual colloids-metal transport model (COMET) is developed and incorporated into EPA's CML model, a model that simulates solute migration from a landfill in the unsaturated zone to a receptor (i.e., drinking-water well) in the saturated zone. Among the major features of the COMET model are the capability to simulate multiple metal species either dissolved or adsorbed to mobile colloids (in conjunction with results from a geochemical equilibrium model), the capability to simulate the influence of multiple colloid types, and to adjust source concentration and duration in the presence of colloids that migrate from a source. These capabilities are embodied in equations (2) and (3) in the main text of this paper. As expected, results from the COMET simulations indicate that mobile phase metal concentrations (dissolved concentration plus concentration adsorbed to mobile colloids) increase as colloid concentrations increase, and arrival times of soluble metal species (solutes) to stationary receptors decrease. When the partition coefficients for solute-colloid adsorption and solute-soil matrix adsorption are the same, neither the increase in mobile phase concentration nor decrease in travel time is always significant. However, when partition coefficients for solute-colloid adsorption are greater than partition coefficients for solute-soil matrix adsorption, travel times to stationary receptors can dramatically decrease and total mobile phase concentrations dramatically increase. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MILLS, WB (reprint author), TETRA TECH INC,3746 MT DIABLO BLVD,SUITE 300,LAFAYETTE,CA 94549, USA. NR 42 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 11 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00511.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA FA883 UT WOS:A1991FA88300007 ER PT J AU LIU, ZY HE, XZ CHAPMAN, RS AF LIU, ZY HE, XZ CHAPMAN, RS TI SMOKING AND OTHER RISK-FACTORS FOR LUNG-CANCER IN XUANWEI, CHINA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE SMOKING; WOMEN AB In Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality rates are among the highest in China in both males and females. Previous studies have shown a strong association of lung cancer mortality with indoor air pollution from 'smoky' coal combustion. In the present case-control study, 110 newly-diagnosed lung cancer patients and 426 controls were matched with respect to age, sex, occupation (all subjects were farmers), and village of residence (which provided matching with respect to fuel use). This design allowed assessment of known and suspected lung cancer risk factors other than those mentioned above. Data from males and females were analysed by conditional logistic regression. In females who do not smoke, the presence of lung cancer was statistically significantly associated with chronic bronchitis (odds ratio [OR] = 7.37,95% confidence interval [Cl]: 2.40-22.66) and family history of lung cancer (OR 4.18, 95% Cl: 1.61-10.85). Females' results also suggested an association of lung cancer with duration of cooking food (OR 1.00,9.18 and 14.70), but not with passive smoking (OR 0.77, 95% Cl: 0.30-1.96). In males, lung cancer was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis (OR 7.32, 95% Cl: 2.66-20.18), family history of lung cancer (OR 3.79, 95% Cl: 1.70-8.42), and personal history of cooking food (OR 3.36, 95% Cl: 1.27-8.88). In males a dose-response relationship of lung cancer with smoking index (years of smoking* amount of smoking) was shown by risks of 1.00, 2.61, 2.17 and 4.70. C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED, INST ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN, BEIJING 100050, PEOPLES R CHINA. US EPA, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1093/ije/20.1.26 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FK354 UT WOS:A1991FK35400005 PM 2066232 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, JA LYKINS, BW CLARK, RM OPPELT, ET AF GOODRICH, JA LYKINS, BW CLARK, RM OPPELT, ET TI IS REMEDIATED GROUNDWATER MEETING SDWA REQUIREMENTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOCS AB Treating groundwater for drinking purposes is quite different from treating it for site remediation. However, given that aquifer cleanup goals are becoming more stringent, it has been suggested that drinking water treatment technology be integrated into groundwater remediation strategies as a final polishing step and as a means of meeting the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act. This article discusses how traditional drinking water treatment technologies could be used for dealing with hazardous waste sites, including cost, performance, and applicability. Pump and treat technology as used in groundwater remediation is compared with that employed in drinking water applications. C1 US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GOODRICH, JA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA FD021 UT WOS:A1991FD02100010 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB AF MARTONEN, TB TI AEROSOL THERAPY IMPLICATIONS OF PARTICLE DEPOSITION PATTERNS IN SIMULATED HUMAN AIRWAYS SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE AEROSOL THERAPY; ENHANCED DEPOSITION; SITE-SPECIFIC DRUGS; LUNG CANCER AB The efficacy of inhalation therapy may be improved by the selective deposition of aerosolized medicines, by explicitly targeting and delivering drugs to prescribed lung sites. This may be accomplished by controlling particle sizes and regulating breathing patterns. Here, the deposition patterns of 1.9 - 10.6-mu-m mass median aerodynamic diameter test aerosols, mapped in surrogate respiratory tracts consisting of replica laryngeal casts and fabricated tracheobronchial models, are analyzed. Configurations of the laryngeal casts corresponded to inspiratory flow rates of 15, 30 and 60 Lmin-1. Particles were preferentially deposited at bifurcations, specifically at carinal ridges. Evidence from other investigations indicates that mucociliary clearance may be impeded at such sites in vivo. When these two effects, enhanced deposition and impaired clearance, are coupled, the findings suggest that epithelial cells and receptors at airway branching sites may receive concentrated doses of inhaled pharmacological agents. To focus the effects of airborne drugs the lung should, therefore, be considered as a serial network of Y-shaped bifurcation units. The findings have important implications to current aerosol therapy using metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers, and future protocols including: (1) the treatment of bronchogenic carcinomas because malignant tumors have a predilection for upper airway bifurcations; and, (2) lung diseases related to the afferent nervous system since components of neural pathways frequent such locations. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV INHALAT TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD SPR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1089/jam.1991.4.25 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA FF317 UT WOS:A1991FF31700002 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR MUNSLOW, WD GRANGE, AH PETTIT, TL SIMMONS, RD SOVOCOOL, GW AF DONNELLY, JR MUNSLOW, WD GRANGE, AH PETTIT, TL SIMMONS, RD SOVOCOOL, GW TI CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE WITH LINEAR RETENTION INDEX FOR BROMODIBENZO-PARA-DOXINS AND BROMOCHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS AND BROMODIBENZOFURANS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; INCINERATOR FLY-ASH; POLYBROMINATED DIBENZOFURANS; ELECTROPHILIC BROMINATION; P-DIOXINS; IDENTIFICATION; PYROLYSIS AB A model-correlating structure with gas chromatographic retention index was developed to assist in making positional isomer assignments for dioxins halogenated by bromine and/or chlorine using commercially available standards and synthetic mixtures. Bromodibenzofuran assignments were made using pyrolysate mixtures, assuming the elution order was the same as for chlorinated dibenzofurans. These strategies can be used, on an interim basis, for isomer assignments in environmental monitoring efforts. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,1050 E FLAMINGO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 540 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88817-8 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FB799 UT WOS:A1991FB79900023 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, LH WALLING, JF AF WRIGHT, LH WALLING, JF TI PREDICTION OF RETENTION TIMES IN TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED MULTICHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS; TUBULAR CAPILLARY COLUMNS; ISOTHERMAL DATA; INDEXES; OPTIMIZATION AB The calculation of retention times for temperature-programmed serially linked capillary gas chromatography columns is demonstrated. Equations are derived for the verification of operating conditions via two internal standards and for the precise calculation of the mid-point pressure required to obtain a given relative retentivity. The predicted retention times for 23 volatile organic compounds are compared to experimental results. RP WRIGHT, LH (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,MD-78,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 540 IS 1-2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88818-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FB799 UT WOS:A1991FB79900024 ER PT J AU BENDER, J TINGEY, DT JAGER, HJ RODECAP, KD CLARK, CS AF BENDER, J TINGEY, DT JAGER, HJ RODECAP, KD CLARK, CS TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF BUSH BEAN (PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS) TO OZONE AND DROUGHT STRESS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; CARBOHYDRATES; DROUGHT STRESS; FREE AMINO ACIDS; OSMOREGULATION; OZONE; PLANT NUTRIENTS; WATER POTENTIALS ID SOIL-MOISTURE DEFICIT; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH; EXPOSURE; PLANTS; LEAVES; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; SALINITY; INJURY C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BENDER, J (reprint author), INST PROD & OKOTOXIKOL BUNDESFORSCH ANSTALT LANDWIRTSCHAFT,BUNDESALLEE 50,W-3300 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 137 IS 5 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FK203 UT WOS:A1991FK20300010 ER PT J AU PLEIL, JD VOSSLER, TL MCCLENNY, WA OLIVER, KD AF PLEIL, JD VOSSLER, TL MCCLENNY, WA OLIVER, KD TI OPTIMIZING SENSITIVITY OF SIM MODE OF GC MS ANALYSIS FOR EPAS TO-14 AIR TOXICS METHOD SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Guidelines for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at ambient levels in air are published in Method TO-14 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air." To achieve the sensitivity required for sub-part-per-billion-by-volume (ppbv) determinations of VOCs, TO-14 recommends selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode of operation when a conventional quadrupole mass spectrometer is used as the analytical finish. This paper describes the implementation of SIM mode of analysis and presents the rationale and methods for optimizing SIM parameters for maximum sensitivity when analyzing whole-air samples for trace levels of targeted VOCs. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP PLEIL, JD (reprint author), US EPA,METHODS RES BRANCH,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FC879 UT WOS:A1991FC87900008 ER PT J AU ESKRIDGE, RE PETERSEN, WB RAO, ST AF ESKRIDGE, RE PETERSEN, WB RAO, ST TI TURBULENT-DIFFUSION BEHIND VEHICLES - EFFECT OF TRAFFIC SPEED ON POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; VELOCITY; FIELDS; WAKE AB Recent theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that turbulent diffusion behind moving vehicles is influenced by the speed of the vehicle. Vertical wake induced turbulent diffusion, explicitly treated in the numerical ROADWAY model, is proportional to the square of the wind speed relative to the moving vehicle. Hence, the model predictions of turbulent mixing and pollutant concentrations on and downwind of a roadway are dependent upon the traffic speed. It is expected from theoretical considerations that the effect of vehicle speed on pollutant concentrations will be more significant during stable atmospheric conditions, because in neutral and unstable conditions the vehicle-wake turbulence is quickly masked by the ambient turbulence. In this study, experimental data are utilized to evaluate the theoretical predictions of the effects of traffic speed on the ambient pollutant concentrations. The effects of vehicle speed upon ambient concentrations are investigated through wind tunnel experiments and field studies that used dual tracers. Consistent with predictions of the ROADWAY model, data obtained near the Long Island Expressway indicate that the influence of traffic speed on the ambient pollutant concentrations is not significant during unstable and neutral conditions. The Long Island experiment did not provide sufficient field data to assess the model predictions of the traffic speed effect during stable atmospheric conditions. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,DIV AIR RESOURCES,ALBANY,NY 12233. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 312 EP 317 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FC879 UT WOS:A1991FC87900011 ER PT J AU MARTIN, JF AF MARTIN, JF TI OVERVIEW AND UPDATE OF THE SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION (SITE) DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review AB The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program is now in its sixth year of demonstrating technologies applicable to Superfund sites. The SITE Program, conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, is intended to accelerate the use of new and innovative treatment processes as well as evaluate innovative measurement and monitoring techniques. Within the SITE Program, the Demonstration Program and the Emerging Technologies Program are responsible for innovative/alternative waste treatment technology development. Separate and parallel activities are progressing for development and evaluation of measuring and monitoring technologies as well as technology transfer operations. RP MARTIN, JF (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 344 EP 347 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FC879 UT WOS:A1991FC87900015 PM 2059422 ER PT J AU KOVALICK, WW CUMMINGS, JB AF KOVALICK, WW CUMMINGS, JB TI TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN HAZARDOUS-WASTE REMEDIATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The following is the first in a series of articles on various efforts to encourage and support innovation in hazardous waste treatment technologies for sites and affected groundwater. This article provides a brief discussion of the origins of the U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Technology Innovation Office (TIO), its mission, and the major initiatives underway or under contemplation. Subsequent articles will provide progress reports on these initiatives and other activities related to technology innovation by federal and state regulators, technology developers, responsible parties, the engineering community, and other interested parties. RP KOVALICK, WW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,401 M ST SW OS-110,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FC879 UT WOS:A1991FC87900016 PM 2059423 ER PT J AU CLOGG, CC RUBIN, DB SCHENKER, N SCHULTZ, B WEIDMAN, L AF CLOGG, CC RUBIN, DB SCHENKER, N SCHULTZ, B WEIDMAN, L TI MULTIPLE IMPUTATION OF INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION CODES IN CENSUS PUBLIC-USE SAMPLES USING BAYESIAN LOGISTIC-REGRESSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; MISSING DATA; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; PRIOR DISTRIBUTION; SPARSE DATA; STRUCTURAL ZEROS ID EXPECTED CELL COUNTS; LOG-LINEAR MODELS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; CONTINGENCY-TABLES; FREQUENCY TABLES; EMPIRICAL LOGIT; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERS; EFFICIENCY; STATISTICS AB We describe methods used to create a new Census data base that can be used to study comparability of industry and occupation classification systems. This project represents the most extensive application of multiple imputation to date, and the modeling effort was considerable as well-hundreds of logistic regressions were estimated. One goal of this article is to summarize the strategies used in the project so that researchers can better understand how the new data bases were created. Another goal is to show how modifications of maximum likelihood methods were made for the modeling and imputation phases of the project. To multiply-impute 1980 census-comparable codes for industries and occupations in two 1970 census public-use samples, logistic regression models were estimated with flattening constants. For many of the regression models considered, the data were too sparse to support conventional maximum likelihood analysis, so some alternative had to be employed. These methods solve existence and related computational problems often encountered with maximum likelihood methods. Inferences pertaining to effects of predictor variables and inferences regarding predictions from logit models are also more satisfactory. The Bayesian strategy used in this project can be applied in other sparse-data settings where logistic regression is used because the approach can be implemented easily with any standard computer program for logit regression or log-linear analysis. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT STAT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US BUR CENSUS,DIV STAT RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP CLOGG, CC (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 65 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 86 IS 413 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.2307/2289716 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA FD712 UT WOS:A1991FD71200011 ER PT J AU EDGELL, KW JENKINS, EL LOPEZAVILA, V LONGBOTTOM, JE AF EDGELL, KW JENKINS, EL LOPEZAVILA, V LONGBOTTOM, JE TI CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS DETECTION FOR DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING PESTICIDES IN FINISHED DRINKING WATERS - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB A joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/AOAC interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on EPA Method 507, Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Finished Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector, to determine the mean recovery and precision for analyses of 45 nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing pesticides in reagent water and finished drinking waters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with 45 nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing pesticides at 6 concentration levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. Ten volunteer laboratories extracted the spiked test waters with methylene chloride, performed a solvent exchange with methyl tert-butyl ether, and analyzed an aliquot of each extract by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Results were analyzed using an EPA computer program, which measured recovery and precision for each of the 45 pesticides and compared the performance of the method between water types. Method 507 was judged acceptable for all analytes tested except merphos, which thermally decomposed in the injection port of the gas chromatograph. Five compounds (carboxin, disulfoton, metolachlor, pronamide, and simazine) exhibited statistically significant matrix effects for the finished drinking water. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC. C1 MID PACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 295 EP 309 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000009 PM 2050612 ER PT J AU EDGELL, KW BIEDERMAN, LA LONGBOTTOM, JE AF EDGELL, KW BIEDERMAN, LA LONGBOTTOM, JE TI DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH POSTCOLUMN DERIVATIZATION FOR DETERMINATION OF N-METHYLCARBAMOYLOXIMES AND N-METHYLCARBAMATES IN FINISHED DRINKING-WATER - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB An interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on EPA Method 531.1, Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post Column Derivatization, to determine the precision and mean recovery for determination of 10 carbamate pesticide compounds in reagent water and in finished drinking waters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with 10 carbamate pesticides at 6 concentration levels, as 3 Youden pairs. Eight laboratories analyzed the samples by direct aqueous injection, with separation by reverse-phase liquid chromatography and post-column hydrolysis of the carbamates and carbamoyloximes to methylamine, followed by reaction of the methylamine with o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol using fluorescence detection. Results were analyzed using an EPA computer program, which measured precision and recovery for each of the 10 compounds and compared the performance of the method between water types. The method was acceptable for all analytes tested. After removal of a nonrepresentative data set for aldicarb sulfoxide, no matrix effects were observed; the statistics for the pooled drinking waters were not significantly different from the statistics for the reagent waters. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 309 EP 317 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000010 PM 2050613 ER PT J AU BINSTOCK, DA GROHSE, PM GASKILL, A SELLERS, C KINGSTON, HM JASSIE, LB AF BINSTOCK, DA GROHSE, PM GASKILL, A SELLERS, C KINGSTON, HM JASSIE, LB TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR DETERMINING ELEMENTS IN SOLID-WASTE USING MICROWAVE DIGESTION SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; RAPID-DETERMINATION; FLOW-INJECTION; ACID DIGESTION; TRACE-METALS; OVEN; DISSOLUTION; ZINC; DECOMPOSITION AB A microwave-assisted method for preparing samples for determination of elements in solid waste has been developed (draft EPA Method 3051). Validation of the sample preparation method was performed through a collaborative study to determine its precision and accuracy. Fifteen independent laboratories digested 4 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference materials (SRMs) and 1 solvent recovery waste in duplicate. Digestates were analyzed for 19 elements using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. The precision and bias of the method were evaluated. When compared with an open vessel hot-plate digestion method (SW-846 Method 3050), the microwave method produced similar analytical results with better overall precision. Bias for the 1 sample that allowed this determination was found to be excellent. C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BINSTOCK, DA (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 360 EP 366 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000017 ER PT J AU KLIGERMAN, AD ATWATER, AL BRYANT, MF EREXSON, GL KWANYUEN, P DEARFIELD, KL AF KLIGERMAN, AD ATWATER, AL BRYANT, MF EREXSON, GL KWANYUEN, P DEARFIELD, KL TI CYTOGENETIC STUDIES OF ETHYL ACRYLATE USING C57BL/6 MICE SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID METHYL ACRYLATE; LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; ACID; RATS AB The clastogenicity of ethyl acrylate (EA) was examined in vivo by injecting i.p. five male C57BL/6 mice per dose group with either 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg EA dissolved in saline. Controls received solvent only. Acrylamide (100 mg/kg), because of its similarity in structure and mode of action to EA, was used as a positive control. Twenty-four hours after injection, the animals were anesthetized and the spleens aseptically removed. Splenocytes were isolated on density gradients and cultured with concanavalin A to stimulate cell division. In half the cultures bromodeoxyuridine was added at 21 h for analysis of chromosome aberrations (CAs) in first division cells and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in second division cells. In the remaining cultures cytochalasin B was added to produce binucleated cells for scoring of micronuclei (MN). There was no significant increase in SCE or CAs at any of the doses of EA examined. At the highest dose examined (1000 mg/kg), EA did cause a small but significant increase in binucleated cell MN. Acrylamide caused an increase in MN and SCEs in splenocytes. Because others have found EA to be clastogenic in vitro, isolated splenocytes were exposed to a wide range of concentrations of EA during the G0 stage of the cell cycle or 23 h after mitogen stimulation during the late G1 or early S phase of the cell cycle. Although EA was toxic for both exposure regimens, significant increases in chromatid-type aberrations were found only when the target cells were treated 23 h after mitogenic stimulation. No statistically significant increase in SCE frequency was found after either treatment regimen. These data suggest that EA is only clastogenic at near toxic concentrations during a specific stage of the cell cycle. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP KLIGERMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD MAR PY 1991 VL 6 IS 2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1093/mutage/6.2.137 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FF544 UT WOS:A1991FF54400007 PM 2056915 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP MILLER, DB AF OCALLAGHAN, JP MILLER, DB TI THE CONCENTRATION OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN INCREASES WITH AGE IN THE MOUSE AND RAT-BRAIN SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Note DE GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP); AGING; SYNAPSIN-I; BETA-TUBULIN; NEUROFILAMENT-200; ASTROCYTE ID CEREBRAL-CORTEX; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; ASTROCYTES; HYPERTROPHY AB The role of aging in the expression of the astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was examined. In both mice and rats the concentration of GFAP increased throughout the brain as a function of aging. The largest increase (2-fold) was observed in striatum for both species. The neuron-specific proteins, synapsin I and neurofilament-200 (M(r) 200 kilodaltons), were not altered by aging in any region of the mouse or rat brain. Brains of aged rats, but not mice, showed a decrease in beta-tubulin. The data suggest that astrocytic hypertrophy observed with aging involves an accumulation of glial filaments. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU ONDIEH CDC HHS [RA-ND-89-4] NR 27 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0197-4580(91)90057-Q PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FA963 UT WOS:A1991FA96300012 PM 1904995 ER PT J AU MENACHE, MG PATRA, AL MILLER, FJ AF MENACHE, MG PATRA, AL MILLER, FJ TI AIRWAY STRUCTURE VARIABILITY IN THE LONG-EVANS RAT LUNG SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN EXTRAPOLATION : ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES CY MAR 13-15, 1990 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP UNIV TEXAS SAN ANTONIO, COLL SCI & ENGN, DIV LIFE SCI, USAF, DIV HUMAN SYST, MED READINESS ADV DEV OFF, USAF, SCH AEROSP MED, DIV RADIAT SCI, SYST RES LAB, USN, MED RES & DEV COMMAND DE LUNG CASTS; DOSIMETRY; VARIABILITY; RAT; CONDUCTING AIRWAYS ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS; TREE; MODELS AB Mathematical models used to study deposition of inhaled toxicants require morphometric data to represent the trachebronchial airways of laboratory animals. Because of the difficulty and cost of obtaining detailed measurements, morphometric models are generally based on measurements from a small number of specimens. To determine the degree of interanimal variability among laboratory animals of the same strain and size, lengths and diameters of the same 200 airways were measured in solid casts in each of 10 male Long-Evans rats. Intraanimal variability was substantially greater then interanimal variability for airway lengths and diameters. Intraanimal variability was reduced when the airways were grouped so that airway generations were adjusted for lobar position. The study results suggest that detailed measurements of the conducting airways in a small number of casts with summarization techniques that retain lobar information will provide a less variable estimate of lung geometry than a smaller number of measurements made in several casts. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MENACHE, MG (reprint author), NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ENVIRON SCI,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80093-4 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FC484 UT WOS:A1991FC48400011 PM 2052200 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI TOXIC-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA AND HYPOMETABOLISM - DO THEY INCREASE UNCERTAINTY IN THE EXTRAPOLATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL DATA FROM EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS TO HUMANS SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN EXTRAPOLATION : ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES CY MAR 13-15, 1990 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP UNIV TEXAS SAN ANTONIO, COLL SCI & ENGN, DIV LIFE SCI, USAF, DIV HUMAN SYST, MED READINESS ADV DEV OFF, USAF, SCH AEROSP MED, DIV RADIAT SCI, SYST RES LAB, USN, MED RES & DEV COMMAND DE ACUTE TOXICITY; BODY TEMPERATURE; BODY MASS; SURFACE AREA; METABOLIC RATE; HUMAN; EXTRAPOLATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; HYPOMETABOLISM; HYPOTHERMIA ID BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; BODY-TEMPERATURE; MICE; RATS; RESPONSES; SULFOLANE; CHLORIDE; AGENTS; NICKEL AB Commonly used experimental mammals, such as the rat and mouse, exhibit hypothermia and hypometabolism when exposed acutely to many drugs and other chemical substances. This toxic-induced hypothermic/hypometabolic state may be an inherently protective response that can reduce the lethality of a toxic insult. However, as body mass increases, the ability to lower body temperature in response to toxic insult is diminished. Hence, the presence of a protective hypothermic/hypometabolic response in small laboratory mammals and apparent lack thereof in larger species, such as humans, may represent an additional physiological dissimilarity which may underestimate the risk assessment of acute toxicological data. It is proposed that acute toxicological studies in rodents be performed at relatively warm ambient temperatures (ca. 28 to 32-degrees-C) to prevent toxic-induced hypothermia. This would assure a more uniform internal thermal environment between species, thus reducing a major physiological variable in species-to-species extrapolation. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80098-3 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FC484 UT WOS:A1991FC48400016 PM 2052205 ER PT J AU HUDNELL, HK BOYES, WK AF HUDNELL, HK BOYES, WK TI THE COMPARABILITY OF RAT AND HUMAN VISUAL-EVOKED POTENTIALS SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN EXTRAPOLATION : ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES CY MAR 13-15, 1990 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP UNIV TEXAS SAN ANTONIO, COLL SCI & ENGN, DIV LIFE SCI, USAF, DIV HUMAN SYST, MED READINESS ADV DEV OFF, USAF, SCH AEROSP MED, DIV RADIAT SCI, SYST RES LAB, USN, MED RES & DEV COMMAND DE RAT; HUMAN; VISION; PATTERN ADAPTATION; EVOKED POTENTIALS; VISUAL-EVOKED POTENTIALS; DIAZEPAM ID SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; CONTRAST; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; DIAZEPAM; MOVEMENT; SYSTEM; DRUGS; COLOR; DEPTH AB A series of experiments addressed the issue of comparability among neurological processes in pigmented rat and human visual systems. In the first set of experiments, transient visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were elicited by the onset of sine-wave gratings of various spatial frequencies. The spatial frequency-response profiles of the first positive and immediately succeeding negative components differed from one another, but were similar in the two species. In addition, amplitude of the negative, but not the positive, component was strongly attenuated in both species following stationary pattern adaptation. In the second set of experiments, steady-state VEPs were elicited by the onset and offset of the gratings. The spatial frequency profiles of the 1F (response amplitude at the frequency of stimulus onset-offset) and 2F response components differed from one another, but were similar in both species. The final set of experiments indicated that diazepam, a GABA agonist, reduced amplitude of 2F, but not 1F, in both species. These results suggested that at least some functional subsystems mediating spatial vision in humans may have qualitatively similar counterparts in rats. RP HUDNELL, HK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROPHYSIOL TOXICOL BRANCH,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80109-5 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FC484 UT WOS:A1991FC48400027 PM 2052191 ER PT J AU BENIGNUS, VA BOYES, WK HUDNELL, HK FREY, CM SVENDSGAARD, DJ AF BENIGNUS, VA BOYES, WK HUDNELL, HK FREY, CM SVENDSGAARD, DJ TI QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR CROSS-SPECIES MAPPING (CSM) SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN EXTRAPOLATION : ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES CY MAR 13-15, 1990 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP UNIV TEXAS SAN ANTONIO, COLL SCI & ENGN, DIV LIFE SCI, USAF, DIV HUMAN SYST, MED READINESS ADV DEV OFF, USAF, SCH AEROSP MED, DIV RADIAT SCI, SYST RES LAB, USN, MED RES & DEV COMMAND DE CROSS-SPECIES EXTRAPOLATION; ANIMAL-TO-MAN EXTRAPOLATION; QUANTIFICATION OF SPECIES DIFFERENCES; RISK ASSESSMENT AB Cross-species extrapolation will be defined as prediction from one species to another without empirical verification. Cross-species mapping (CSM) is the same except empirical verification is performed. CSM may be viewed as validation of methods for extrapolation. Algorithms for CSM may originate from theory, from empirical observations or a combination of the two. Regardless of their origins, CSM algorithms must be explicated and confidence intervals given around their predictions. This paper offers a quantitative method for constructing CSM equations which is useful in evaluation of the CSM and as an aid in the design of new experiments in CSM and extrapolation. The method requires fitting mathematical models for the physiological or behavioral phenomena to be mapped across species. A CSM equation can then be derived from the models in each species and approximate confidence limits may be obtained for predictions from the equation. The method is useful even when the models in the two species differ in form, implying differences in physiology or behavioral principles between species. The method proposed has a number of remaining uncertainties and possible problems. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES & REGULATORY SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BENIGNUS, VA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,MAIL DROP 58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80110-1 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA FC484 UT WOS:A1991FC48400028 PM 2052192 ER PT J AU MACPHAIL, RC AF MACPHAIL, RC TI PEELE,DAVID,B. - SEPTEMBER 8, 1953 OCTOBER 21, 1990 - IN MEMORIAM SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP MACPHAIL, RC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 127 EP 127 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90001-D PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA FD442 UT WOS:A1991FD44200001 ER PT J AU SCHWEITZER, L JENSEN, KF JANSSEN, R AF SCHWEITZER, L JENSEN, KF JANSSEN, R TI GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY IN RAT AUDITORY-SYSTEM - COCHLEAR NUCLEAR-COMPLEX SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUDITORY; COCHLEAR NERVE; COCHLEAR NUCLEUS; DEGENERATION; EXCITOTOXICITY; GLUTAMATE; NEUROTOXICITY ID MONOSODIUM L-GLUTAMATE; AMINO-ACIDS; GUINEA-PIG; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; EVOKED EXCITATION; ASPARTIC-ACID; NERVE LESION; CAT; DEGENERATION; NEURONS AB In other systems such as the hypothalamus and hippocampus, it has been shown that cells postsynaptic with respect to glutamatergic inputs degenerate when exposed to large doses of glutamate ("glutamate neurotoxicity"). We have shown that large doses of glutamate administered intraperitoneally are toxic to spiral ganglion cells in the inner ear of the rat. In the present study, we have investigated whether similar levels of glutamate cause alterations in the neurons of the cochlear nuclei. Specifically, we have studied the morphology and size of the cochlear nuclear complex and its subdivisions as well as the size and density of cochlear nucleus neurons following administration of glutamate. The morphological evidence indicates that glutamate caused severe anatomical alteration of the cochlear nuclei. The changes were most pronounced in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, especially in the neurons that receive terminals of the end bulbs of Held from the cochlear nerve. This could be a direct effect of glutamate in the cochlear nuclei or secondary to degeneration of cochlear nerve fibers in the inner ear. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SCHWEITZER, L (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT SCI & NEUROBIOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00233] NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90010-T PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA FD442 UT WOS:A1991FD44200010 PM 1675422 ER PT J AU BELLAMY, WD HICKMAN, GT MUELLER, PA ZIEMBA, N AF BELLAMY, WD HICKMAN, GT MUELLER, PA ZIEMBA, N TI TREATMENT OF VOC-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER BY HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AND OZONE OXIDATION SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION LA English DT Article DE ADVANCED OXIDATION; GROUNDWATER; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OZONE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ID DISSOCIATING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE CONSTANTS; WATER AB Groundwater contamination by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been the subject of numerous Superfund Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) investigations. When VOCs were detected in groundwater of the San Gabriel Basin, the valley was listed as a Superfund site. As part of the remedial investigation (RI), treatment techniques were investigated to determine possible procedures for reducing the VOCs in these waters to drinking water standards. Bench-scale studies were conducted to assess the applicability of the ozone/hydrogen peroxide oxidation process for treatment of PCE, TCE, CTC, and DCE. Results of the treatability study indicated the following: (1) an H2O2/O3 molar ratio of 0.5 yielded higher VOC oxidation rates and the most efficient use of oxidants compared to other ratios; (2) the higher ozone mass feed rate of the two ground-water sources tested yielded higher oxidation rates; (3) reaction rate constants were essentially independent of VOC concentrations; (4) gas stripping was small or negligible for DCE, TCE, and PCE, whereas CTC was removed primarily by stripping; and (5) first-order rate constants for the "best" oxidant conditions tested were 15-25 x 10(-4) sec-1 for PCE, 30-60 x 10(-4) sec-1 for TCE, and > 90 x 10(-4) sec-1 for DCE. C1 CH2M HILL INC,2300 NW WALNUT BLVD,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 6 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1047-7624 J9 RES J WATER POLLUT C PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 63 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EZ210 UT WOS:A1991EZ21000004 ER PT J AU WILSON, JW AF WILSON, JW TI IF ONLY WE COULD MAKE IT ALL GO AWAY - THE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGE FOR HAZARDOUS-WASTE SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article RP WILSON, JW (reprint author), US EPA,WASTE POLICY BRANCH,OFF POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00567.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA FD081 UT WOS:A1991FD08100012 ER PT J AU MONES, S AF MONES, S TI CAPTURING SUPERFUND POTENTIAL - IDEAS ON THE FEDERAL CLEANUP PROGRAM AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW-MAKING GENERALLY SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article RP MONES, S (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00577.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA FD081 UT WOS:A1991FD08100022 ER PT J AU CLAY, DR AF CLAY, DR TI SYNTHESIS OF CONFERENCE ON MINIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL-DAMAGE - STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING HAZARDOUS-WASTE SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article RP CLAY, DR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00580.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA FD081 UT WOS:A1991FD08100025 ER PT J AU COUTUREHAWS, L HARRIS, MW MCDONALD, MM LOCKHART, AC BIRNBAUM, LS AF COUTUREHAWS, L HARRIS, MW MCDONALD, MM LOCKHART, AC BIRNBAUM, LS TI HYDRONEPHROSIS IN MICE EXPOSED TO TCDD-CONTAMINATED BREAST-MILK - IDENTIFICATION OF THE PEAK PERIOD OF SENSITIVITY AND ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL RECOVERY SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED DIOXINS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; DIBENZOFURANS; TOXICITY; ACETAZOLAMIDE; FURANS; PCDDS; PCDFS; FATE; RATS C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,CHEM CARCINOGENESIS BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NIEHS,SYST TOX BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 107 IS 3 BP 413 EP 428 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90305-X PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EZ947 UT WOS:A1991EZ94700003 PM 2000632 ER PT J AU KLINEFELTER, GR LASKEY, JW ROBERTS, NL AF KLINEFELTER, GR LASKEY, JW ROBERTS, NL TI INVITRO INVIVO EFFECTS OF ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE ON LEYDIG-CELLS OF ADULT-RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE DIMETHANESULFONATE; TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION; SELECTIVE DESTRUCTION; INTERSTITIAL-TISSUE; SULFONATE EDS; STEROIDOGENESIS; REGENERATION; INHIBITION; TESTIS C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KLINEFELTER, GR (reprint author), NSI INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 107 IS 3 BP 460 EP 471 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90309-3 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EZ947 UT WOS:A1991EZ94700007 PM 1848028 ER PT J AU DIEBEL, D BRISTOW, M ZIMMERMANN, R AF DIEBEL, D BRISTOW, M ZIMMERMANN, R TI STOKES SHIFTED LASER LINES IN KRF-PUMPED HYDROGEN - REDUCTION OF BEAM DIVERGENCE BY ADDITION OF HELIUM SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Note ID H-2 AB The beam divergences of the recollimated Stokes shifted lines of H-2 excited by a focused KrF laser are reduced by addition of helium. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DIEBEL, D (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,CTR ENVIRONM RES,4505 MARYLAND PKWY,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 6 BP 626 EP 628 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA EX560 UT WOS:A1991EX56000002 PM 20582034 ER PT J AU GUIMOND, RJ AF GUIMOND, RJ TI RADON RISK AND EPA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID LUNG-CANCER; HOMES RP GUIMOND, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 251 IS 4995 BP 724 EP 725 DI 10.1126/science.1990434 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EX575 UT WOS:A1991EX57500003 ER PT J AU COGLIANO, VJ FARLAND, WH PREUSS, PW WILTSE, JA RHOMBERG, LR CHEN, CW MASS, MJ NOSNOW, S WHITE, PD PARKER, JC WUERTHELE, SM AF COGLIANO, VJ FARLAND, WH PREUSS, PW WILTSE, JA RHOMBERG, LR CHEN, CW MASS, MJ NOSNOW, S WHITE, PD PARKER, JC WUERTHELE, SM TI CARCINOGENS AND HUMAN HEALTH .3. SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP COGLIANO, VJ (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 8 PY 1991 VL 251 IS 4994 BP 606 EP 607 DI 10.1126/science.251.4994.606-b PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EW399 UT WOS:A1991EW39900004 PM 1992511 ER PT J AU BURKHARD, LP DURHAN, EJ LUKASEWYCZ, MT AF BURKHARD, LP DURHAN, EJ LUKASEWYCZ, MT TI IDENTIFICATION OF NONPOLAR TOXICANTS IN EFFLUENTS USING TOXICITY-BASED FRACTIONATION WITH GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; CONSTITUENTS; SCHEME; ACID AB A toxicity-based method to identify nonpolar organic toxicants in effluents has been developed. This method has low artifactual toxicity and excellent detection limits, allows multiple toxicant situations to be easily handled, and features the use of cladocerans and fishes as test organisms and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the toxicants. This method uses reverse-phase chromatography techniques to extract and fractionate the nonpolar organic toxicants from the effluent. GC/MS analysess are performed on the toxic fractions, and lists of tentative compound identifications are made by interpretation of the mass spectra and elution information from the chromatographic separations. These initial lists are refined by assembling and then comparing toxicity data of the identified chemicals to the toxicity of the fraction. The refined lists of suspect chemicals are further evaluated by pure chemical toxicity testing, and this process ultimately leads to toxicant identification. The fractionation scheme, instrumental parameters, the toxicant identification process, an example illustrating the method, and discussion relevant to the method are presented. C1 NATL EFFLUENT TOX ASSESSMENT CTR,ASCI,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP BURKHARD, LP (reprint author), US EPA,NATL EFFLUENT TOX ASSESSMENT CTR,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1021/ac00003a017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV495 UT WOS:A1991EV49500018 ER PT J AU HURST, CJ SCHAUB, SA SOBSEY, MD FARRAH, SR GERBA, CP ROSE, JB GOYAL, SM LARKIN, EP SULLIVAN, R TIERNEY, JT OBRIEN, RT SAFFERMAN, RS MORRIS, ME WELLINGS, FM LEWIS, AL BERG, G BRITTON, PW WINTER, JA AF HURST, CJ SCHAUB, SA SOBSEY, MD FARRAH, SR GERBA, CP ROSE, JB GOYAL, SM LARKIN, EP SULLIVAN, R TIERNEY, JT OBRIEN, RT SAFFERMAN, RS MORRIS, ME WELLINGS, FM LEWIS, AL BERG, G BRITTON, PW WINTER, JA TI MULTILABORATORY EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR DETECTING ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SOILS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; SURVIVAL; ENTEROVIRUSES; SLUDGE AB Two candidate methods for the recovery and detection of viruses in soil were subjected to round robin comparative testing by members of the American Society for Testing and Materials D19:24:04:04 Subcommittee Task Group. Selection of the methods, designated ''Berg'' and ''Goyal,'' was based on results of an initial screening which indicated that both met basic criteria considered essential by the task group. Both methods utilized beef extract solutions to achieve desorption and recovery of viruses from representative soils: a fine sand soil, an organic muck soil, a sandy loam soil, and a clay loam soil. One of the two methods, Goyal, also used a secondary concentration of resulting soil eluant via low-pH organic flocculation to achieve a smaller final assay volume. Evaluation of the two methods was simultaneously performed in replicate by nine different laboratories. Each of the produced samples was divided into portions, and these were respectively subjected to quantitative viral plaque assay by both the individual, termed independent, laboratory which had done the soil processing and a single common reference laboratory, using a single cell line and passage level. The Berg method seemed to produce slightly higher virus recovery values; however, the differences in virus assay titers for samples produced by the two methods were not statistically significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) for any one of the four soils. Despite this lack of a method effect, there was a statistically significant laboratory effect exhibited by assay titers from the independent versus reference laboratories for two of the soils, sandy loam and clay loam. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US FDA,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. EPIDEMIOL RES CTR,TAMPA,FL 33614. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. USA,BIOMED RES & DEV LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21701. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP HURST, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 395 EP 401 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV647 UT WOS:A1991EV64700010 PM 1849712 ER PT J AU SHORT, KA DOYLE, JD KING, RJ SEIDLER, RJ STOTZKY, G OLSEN, RH AF SHORT, KA DOYLE, JD KING, RJ SEIDLER, RJ STOTZKY, G OLSEN, RH TI EFFECTS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL, A METABOLITE OF A GENETICALLY ENGINEERED BACTERIUM, AND 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE ON SOME MICROORGANISM-MEDIATED ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; DEGRADATION; ACID; CLONING; GENES; 2,4-D; RESISTANCE; HERBICIDES; PJP4 AB A genetically engineered microorganism, Pseudomonas putida PPO301(pRO103), and the plasmidless parent strain, PPO301, were added at approximately 10(7) CFU/g of soil amended with 500 ppm of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) (500-mu-g/g). The degradation of 2,4-D and the accumulation of a single metabolite, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), occurred only in soil inoculated with PPO301(pRO103), wherein 2,4-DCP accumulated to > 70 ppm for 5 weeks and the concentration of 2,4-D was reduced to < 100 ppm. Coincident with the accumulation of 2,4-DCP was a > 400-fold decline in the numbers of fungal propagules and a marked reduction in the rate of CO2 evolution, whereas 2,4-D did not depress either fungal propagules or respiration of the soil microbiota. 2,4-DCP did not appear to depress the numbers of total heterotrophic, sporeforming, or chitin-utilizing bacteria. In vitro and in situ assays conducted with 2,4-DCP and fungal isolates from the soil demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was toxic to fungal propagules at concentrations below those detected in the soil. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,ENVIRONM SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NYU,DEPT BIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10003. NR 36 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 412 EP 418 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV647 UT WOS:A1991EV64700012 PM 16348408 ER PT J AU RICE, EW ALLEN, MJ BRENNER, DJ EDBERG, SC AF RICE, EW ALLEN, MJ BRENNER, DJ EDBERG, SC TI ASSAY FOR BETA-GLUCURONIDASE IN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ESCHERICHIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS FOR DRINKING-WATER ANALYSIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NATIONAL FIELD-EVALUATION; DEFINED SUBSTRATE METHOD; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; TOTAL COLIFORMS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; COLI; BIOGROUPS AB Recently, Escherichia species other than Escherichia coli have been isolated from potable water. Environmental isolates as well as clinical isolates of E. adecarboxylata, E. blattae, E. fergusonii, E. hermannii, and E. vulneris were assayed for the enzyme beta-glucuronidase by using EC MUG medium and the Colilert system. None of the isolates were positive for the enzyme by either method. C1 AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC RES FDN,DENVER,CO 80235. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 592 EP 593 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV647 UT WOS:A1991EV64700041 PM 2014993 ER PT J AU FERRARO, SP LEE, H SMITH, LM OZRETICH, RJ SPECHT, DT AF FERRARO, SP LEE, H SMITH, LM OZRETICH, RJ SPECHT, DT TI ACCUMULATION FACTORS FOR 11 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUGACITY RP FERRARO, SP (reprint author), US EPA,MARK O HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ET714 UT WOS:A1991ET71400017 PM 1902131 ER PT J AU BARBER, MC SUAREZ, LA LASSITER, RR AF BARBER, MC SUAREZ, LA LASSITER, RR TI MODELING BIOACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN FISH WITH AN APPLICATION TO PCBS IN LAKE-ONTARIO SALMONIDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELASMOBRANCH SCYLIORHINUS-STELLARIS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; AQUATIC FOOD-CHAINS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; GASTRIC EVACUATION; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON AB A model describing passive accumulation of organic chemicals from the aqueous environment and contaminated food in fish is developed. This model considers both biological attributes of the fish and physicochemical properties of the chemical that determine diffusive exchange across gill membranes and intestinal mucosa. Important biological characteristics addressed by the model are the fish's gill morphometry, feeding and growth rate, and fractional aqueous, lipid, and nonlipid organic composition. Relevant physicochemical properties are the chemical's molar volume and n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)), which are used to estimate the chemical's aqueous diffusivity and partitioning to the fish's lipid and nonlipid organic fractions, respectively. The model is used to describe and to analyze the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Ontario alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). RP BARBER, MC (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 159 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 48 IS 2 BP 318 EP 337 DI 10.1139/f91-044 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EX296 UT WOS:A1991EX29600023 ER PT J AU WALTER, MV PORTEOUS, LA PRINCE, VJ GANIO, L SEIDLER, RJ AF WALTER, MV PORTEOUS, LA PRINCE, VJ GANIO, L SEIDLER, RJ TI A MICROCOSM FOR MEASURING SURVIVAL AND CONJUGATION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED BACTERIA IN RHIZOSPHERE ENVIRONMENTS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SOIL; TRANSDUCTION; EXCHANGE; STRAINS; WATER AB A microcosm is described to evaluate and measure bacterial conjugation in the rhizosphere of barley and radish with strains of Pseudomonas cepacia. The purpose was to describe a standard method useful for evaluating the propensity of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) to transfer DNA to recipient bacteria. Results demonstrated the formation of transconjugants from the rhizosphere of each plant 24 h after inoculation. Transconjugant populations peaked at 1.8 x 10(2) colony forming units (CFU)/g root and associated soil in barley and 2.0 x 10(2) CFU/g root and associated soil in radish; they then declined over the next five days of the experiment. No significant differences were found in the survival of transconjugant populations monitored from the two plant species. The microcosm was also used to document the formation of false positive transconjugants, which resulted from donor and recipient P. cepacia mating on the surface of selective agar plates instead of in microcosms. Transconjugants resulting from such plate mating occurred in substantial numbers during the first 5 days of the experiment but declined to undetectable numbers by day 7. The use of nalidixic acid was investigated to determine the magnitude of plate mating. The number of transconjugants detected from radish rhizosphere was reduced by two orders of magnitude by including nalidixic acid in the plating medium; this indicated that 99% of the transconjugants were a result of plate mating. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP WALTER, MV (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB CORVALLIS,NSI TECHNOL SERV INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1007/BF02105386 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FN481 UT WOS:A1991FN48100007 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J TI LEAD, BLOOD-PRESSURE, AND CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE IN MEN AND WOMEN SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; HYPERTENSION; CADMIUM; BRAIN; CONTRACTION; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; RATS AB Lead has been shown to be associated with elevated blood pressure in males in the NHANES II survey and in numerous other studies. This study confirms the association in males aged 20 to 74 and documents a significant, although weaker, association in females as well. Prospective cardiovascular disease studies such as the Framingham study indicate that increases in blood pressure should be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Using electrocardiogram data from NHANES II, this study confirms the expected association of lead with left ventricular hypertrophy (p < 0.01). Such an association with permanent cardiovascular changes adds weight to the blood pressure findings. The logistic risk coefficients from the Framingham study can be combined with the study's association between lead and blood pressure to examine its implication for more serious outcomes. The results suggest that a halving of the population mean blood lead level would reduce myocardial infarctions by approximately 24,000 events per year and incidence of all cardiovascular disease by over 100,000. These numbers suggest a small attributable risk compared to the vast incidence of cardiovascular disease in the U.S., but a large attributable risk compared to most environmental toxins. Several biological mechanisms have been identified, with different implications for the use of bone lead as an exposure measure. RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,PM221,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 35 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 91 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.2307/3430985 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD604 UT WOS:A1991FD60400010 PM 1828226 ER PT J AU PEASE, W VANDENBERG, J HOOPER, K AF PEASE, W VANDENBERG, J HOOPER, K TI COMPARING ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO ESTABLISHING REGULATORY LEVELS FOR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANTS - DBCP AS A CASE-STUDY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS; TESTICULAR FUNCTION; DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE DBCP; SPERM PRODUCTION; SEMEN QUALITY; DNA DAMAGE; WORKERS; 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE; FERTILITY; SPERMATOGENESIS AB This paper compares four alternative approaches for deriving regulatory levels for reproductive toxicants by applying them to the available data on the human spermatotoxicant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). The alternatives examined include the Proposition 65 approach (application of a mandatory 1000-fold uncertainty factor to a no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL]), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approach (application of flexible uncertainty factors to a NOAEL), the Benchmark Dose approach (application of flexible uncertainty factors to a dose associated with a known level of change in a reproductive parameter), and the Quantitative Risk Estimation approach (using low-dose linear extrapolation and a model of the relationship between sperm count and infertility). Applied to DBCP, these approaches do not produce substantially different estimates of allowable exposure levels. However, the approaches do have different data requirements and provide different amounts of information on reproductive hazards to risk managers and the public. Neither the Proposition 65 nor the EPA approach provides information about the extent of health risk remaining at a regulatory level. In contrast, the Benchmark Dose approach can provide estimates of the magnitude of sperm count reduction at a regulatory level, and the Quantitative Risk Estimation approach can provide estimates of exposure-induced infertility. C1 US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,REPROD & CANC HAZARD ASSESSMENT SECT,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP PEASE, W (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 NR 77 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 91 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.2307/3430990 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD604 UT WOS:A1991FD60400015 PM 2040244 ER PT J AU OPATKEN, EJ BOND, JJ AF OPATKEN, EJ BOND, JJ TI RBC NITRIFICATION OF HIGH AMMONIA LEACHATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted on treating a simulated leachate that contained high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen ranging between 20 and 1000 mg/L. A pilot sized rotating biological contractor (RBC) was used to treat a surrogate leachate composed of primary effluent that was adjusted with glucose and ammonium chloride to achieve various concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonia-nitrogen. Experiments were conducted to determine: The rate of ammonia conversion The drop in pH at high ammonia concentrations The effect of low pH on ammonia conversion The effect of high ammonia levels (1000 mg/L) on ammonia conversion The effect of temperature on the reaction rate constant The results from these experiments and the applicability of a RBC to treat leachates containing high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen are reported. RP OPATKEN, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,26 M L KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1002/ep.670100117 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FB525 UT WOS:A1991FB52500011 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J LEVIN, R AF SCHWARTZ, J LEVIN, R TI THE RISK OF LEAD TOXICITY IN HOMES WITH LEAD PAINT HAZARD SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BLOOD; STATURE; BOSTON; WATER; SOIL RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80189-6 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FC594 UT WOS:A1991FC59400001 PM 2004633 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ AF KAVLOCK, RJ TI SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY RISK ASSESSMENTS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 213 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90102-A PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EX314 UT WOS:A1991EX31400001 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ OGLESBY, LA HALL, LL FISHER, HL COPELAND, F LOGSDON, T EBRONMCCOY, M AF KAVLOCK, RJ OGLESBY, LA HALL, LL FISHER, HL COPELAND, F LOGSDON, T EBRONMCCOY, M TI INVIVO AND INVITRO STRUCTURE DOSIMETRY ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY ASSAYS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 29TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF TOXICOLOGY : APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS IN DEVELOPMENT TOXICITY RISK ASSESSMENT CY FEB 12-16, 1990 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP SOC TOXICOL, REPRODUCT & DEV SPECIALTY SECT ID CULTURE; EMBRYOS C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90106-E PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EX314 UT WOS:A1991EX31400005 PM 2055353 ER PT J AU MOODY, DE REDDY, JK LAKE, BG POPP, JA REESE, DH AF MOODY, DE REDDY, JK LAKE, BG POPP, JA REESE, DH TI PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION AND NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENESIS - COMMENTARY ON A SYMPOSIUM SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CULTURED RAT HEPATOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE DEHP; HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUGS CLOFIBRATE; LAURIC ACID HYDROXYLATION; ENOYL-COA HYDRATASE; FEMALE F344 RATS; BETA-OXIDATION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DNA-SYNTHESIS C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60611. BRITISH IND BIOL RES ASSOC,CARSHALTON SM5 4DS,SURREY,ENGLAND. CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MOODY, DE (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,COLL PHARM,CTR HUMAN TOXICOL,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,417 WAKARA WAY,ROOM 290,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-23750] NR 113 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90108-G PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EX314 UT WOS:A1991EX31400007 PM 2055355 ER PT J AU DEANGELO, AB DANIEL, FB STOBER, JA OLSON, GR AF DEANGELO, AB DANIEL, FB STOBER, JA OLSON, GR TI THE CARCINOGENICITY OF DICHLOROACETIC ACID IN THE MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 29TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF TOXICOLOGY : APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS IN DEVELOPMENT TOXICITY RISK ASSESSMENT CY FEB 12-16, 1990 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP SOC TOXICOL, REPRODUCT & DEV SPECIALTY SECT ID AQUEOUS CHLORINATION; STRAND BREAKS; LIVER; MUTAGENICITY; METABOLITES; MICE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PRODUCTS; LESIONS; INVIVO C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. RP DEANGELO, AB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,BIOCHEM & MOLEC TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 25 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90118-N PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EX314 UT WOS:A1991EX31400017 PM 2055364 ER PT J AU WILCHER, LS AF WILCHER, LS TI OFFICE OF WATER REORGANIZATION SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP WILCHER, LS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 18 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EY210 UT WOS:A1991EY21000004 ER PT J AU EDNEY, EO GAY, BW DRISCOLL, DJ AF EDNEY, EO GAY, BW DRISCOLL, DJ TI CHLORINE INITIATED OXIDATION STUDIES OF HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS - RESULTS FOR HCFC-123 (CF3CHCL2) AND HCFC-141B (CFCL2CH3) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HCFC-123; HCFC-141B; OXIDATION; CF3C(O)CL; C(O)FCL AB Oxidation reactions of the proposed CFC substitutes HCFC-123 (CF3CHCl2) and HCFC-141b (CFCl2CH3) have been studied in the laboratory using long-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The air oxidation of the HCFCs was initiated by the photolysis of Cl2 forming Cl atoms that abstract H atoms from the HCFC. CF3C(O)Cl was the only carbon containing compound observed in the infrared spectrum of the products of the HCFC-123/Cl2 irradiations and its yield was approximately one. The product data are consistent with formation of CF3C(O)Cl by Cl elimination of the intermediate halogenated alkoxy radical CF3CCl2O. The Cl-initiated oxidation of HCFC-141b led to the formation of CO and C(O)FCl. The product data are consistent with a 1:1 relationship between C(O)FCl formed and HCFC-141b reacted. Product data were compatible with both decomposition by cleavage of the C-C bond of the radical CFCl2CH2O leading to the prompt generation of C(O)FCl and reaction of the radical with O2 forming the two carbon halogenated aldehyde CFCl2CH(O), which in the presence of Cl was likely oxidized to C(O)FCl. An approximate method was developed in which the ratio was extracted from analysis of the time evolution of HCFC-141b, C(O)FCl, and CO. The data suggest that the contributions are comparable. RP EDNEY, EO (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1007/BF00115774 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EZ972 UT WOS:A1991EZ97200001 ER PT J AU HETRICK, DM JARABEK, AM TRAVIS, CC AF HETRICK, DM JARABEK, AM TRAVIS, CC TI SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; SENSITIVITY; MONTE-CARLO; STYRENE; METHYLCHLOROFORM; METHYLENE CHLORIDE; MICHAELIS-MENTEN PARAMETERS ID STREAM ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ERROR ANALYSIS; RATS; EXTRAPOLATIONS; STYRENE AB The present study evaluates the sensitivity of pharmacokinetic model output to variability in the biochemical and metabolic input parameters. Pharmacokinetic models of three chemicals are chosen for analysis: styrene, methylchloroform, and methylene chloride. Results show that model sensitivities are time-, dose-, and species-dependent and that the most sensitive parameters are the maximum Michaelis-Menten metabolism rate V(max) and the blood/air and fat/air partition coefficients. For humans, the muscle/air partition coefficient is also important. Model output is insensitive to the Michaelis-Menten parameter K(m) (except for low doses) and to other tissue/air partition coefficients. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP HETRICK, DM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV COMP & TELECOMMUN,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-466X J9 J PHARMACOKINET BIOP JI J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EW201 UT WOS:A1991EW20100001 PM 2023106 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ PADILLA, SS WARD, T POPE, CN OLSZYK, VB AF BUSHNELL, PJ PADILLA, SS WARD, T POPE, CN OLSZYK, VB TI BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RATS DOSED REPEATEDLY WITH DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; WORKING MEMORY; DELAYED-RESPONSE; NUCLEUS BASALIS; RECEPTORS; TOLERANCE; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE; SCOPOLAMINE; HIPPOCAMPUS AB Behavioral effects of organophosphates (OPs) typically decrease with repeated exposure, despite persistence of OP-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and downregulation of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. To characterize this tolerance phenomenon, rats were trained to perform an appetitive operant task which allowed daily quantification of working memory (accuracy of delayed matching-to-position), reference memory (accuracy of visual discrimination) and motor function (choice response latencies and inter-response times during delay). Daily s.c. injections of 0.2 mg/kg of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) caused no visible cholinergic signs, did not affect body weight or visual discrimination, but progressively impaired matching accuracy and lengthened response latencies and inter-response times. These effects recovered in seven of eight treated rats after termination of DFP treatment. Resumption of daily DFP at 0.1 mg/kg caused smaller impairments of both matching accuracy and response latency. After 21 injections of 0.2 mg/kg/day of DFP, rats were subsensitive to the hypothermia induced by acute oxotremorine (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), as expected after OP-induced downregulation of muscarinic ACh receptors. Evidence for supersensitivity to scopolamine (0.03 and 0.056 mg/kg i.p.) in DFP-treated rats was mixed, with additive effects predominating on both the cognitive and motor aspects of the task. After 18 days of 0.1 mg/kg of DFP, AChE was inhibited 50 to 75% and muscarinic ACh receptor density was reduced 15 to 20% in hippocampus and frontal cortex. Progressive declines in AChE activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex across 15 daily doses with DFP at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg were observed in other rats; quinuclidinyl benzilate binding was significantly reduced in hippocampus after 15 doses at both levels of DFP. These results indicate that animals showing a definitive sign of tolerance to OP administration (subsensitivity to a cholinergic agonist) were also functionally impaired on both the mnemonic and motoric demands of a working memory task. The nature of this impairment suggests further that it results from compensatory changes in the central nervous system, e.g., muscarinic receptor downregulation, considered to produce "tolerance" to OPs in exposed animals. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,MONROE,LA 71209. NSI ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 256 IS 2 BP 741 EP 750 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EY611 UT WOS:A1991EY61100049 PM 1994004 ER PT J AU CLAY, DR AF CLAY, DR TI 10 YEARS OF PROGRESS IN THE SUPERFUND PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Superfund celebrated its tenth anniversary in December 1990. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)-popularly known as Superfund-was passed into law in December 1980 in the wake of such incidents as Love Canal and the Valley of the Drums. The program was designed to clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and, during the past ten years, thousands of actions have been taken to protect human health and the environment from the hazards posed by those sites. The trials and successes of the evolving Superfund program are described in this article. RP CLAY, DR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EY538 UT WOS:A1991EY53800004 ER PT J AU CONNER, WD BENNETT, RL WEATHERS, WS WILSON, WE AF CONNER, WD BENNETT, RL WEATHERS, WS WILSON, WE TI PARTICULATE CHARACTERISTICS AND VISUAL EFFECTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE AT RESEARCH-TRIANGLE-PARK SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; VISIBILITY; AEROSOL; EXTINCTION; HOUSTON; CARBON; HAZE AB During a 38-day period in the fall of 1987 a wide range in the visual quality of the atmosphere at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina was observed. Throughout the period, the light scatter coefficient; SO2, NO2, and O3 concentrations; temperature; relative humidity; and radiation intensity of the atmosphere were continuously monitored. Additionally, 60 filter samples were intermittently collected with two dichotomous (course and fine particle) size-selective samplers. The dichotomous samplers were operated concurrently to obtain samples on Teflon and quartz filters for different analyses. Also collected were six impactor samples for sulfate size distribution analysis. At selected times during the study, long-path measurements were made of the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the extinction of contrast by the atmosphere. The primary results were as follows: (1) The average light scatter coefficient to fine particles mass ratio was 4.55 m2/g, and this ratio varied from a low of around 3 m2/g when the scatter coefficient was around 0.05/km to a high around 6 m2/g when the scatter coefficient increased to around 0.4/km. (2) Elemental measurements of the compositions of the particulate samples showed that sulfur dominated the elemental composition of the fine fraction but was generally below the detection limit in the coarse fraction. Quantifiable amounts of Si, Al, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti, and Cu were found in both size fractions. (3) Carbon measurements of the particulate samples showed the elemental carbon content of the atmosphere was only around 2 percent of the mass concentration, and the volatile carbon (VOC) content was around 17 percent. Most of the elemental carbon content was in the fine fraction, while the volatile carbon content was generally equally divided between the coarse and fine fractions. (4) Sulfate particle size distribution measurements indicated a mass distribution peak between 0.5 and 1.0-mu-m diameter and a large mass fraction around 38 percent below 0.25-mu-m diameter. (5) Measurements of the light scatter coefficient were on average 22 percent lower than light extinction measurements. The major reasons for this difference at this site appears to be due to elemental carbon absorption and nephelometer error. RP CONNER, WD (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EY538 UT WOS:A1991EY53800006 ER PT J AU STINSON, MK SKOVRONEK, HS CHRESAND, TJ AF STINSON, MK SKOVRONEK, HS CHRESAND, TJ TI EPA SITE DEMONSTRATION OF BIOTROL AQUEOUS TREATMENT SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB BioTrol's pilot scale, fixed-film biological system was evaluated, under the EPA's SITE program, for its effectiveness at removing pentachlorophenol from groundwater. The demonstration was performed in the summer of 1989 at a wood preserving site in New Brighton, Minnesota. The system employs indigenous microorganisms amended with a specific pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterium. Groundwater from a well on the site was fed to the system at 1, 3, and 5 gpm with no pretreatment other than pH adjustment, nutrient addition, and temperature control. Each flowrate was maintained for about two weeks while samples were collected for extensive analyses. At 5 gpm, the system was capable of eliminating about 96 percent of the pentachlorophenol in the groundwater and producing effluent with pentachlorophenol concentrations of about 1 ppm. At the lower flows (1 and 3 gpm) removal was higher (about 99 percent) and effluent pentachlorophenol concentrations were well below 0.5 ppm. The system consistently produced a completely nontoxic effluent at all three flowrates. Review of other data provided by BioTrol indicates that the process is also effective on other hydrocarbons, including solvents and fuels. The system appears to be a compact and cost-effective treatment for contaminated wastewaters requiring minimal operating attention once acclimated. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,PARAMUS,NJ 07652. BIOTROL INC,CHASKA,MN 55318. RP STINSON, MK (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,TECH SUPPORT BRANCH,TECH ASSISTANCE SECT,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 228 EP 233 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EY538 UT WOS:A1991EY53800014 PM 2054165 ER PT J AU HARTIG, PC CARDON, MC KAWANISHI, CY AF HARTIG, PC CARDON, MC KAWANISHI, CY TI INSECT VIRUS - ASSAYS FOR VIRAL REPLICATION AND PERSISTENCE IN MAMMALIAN-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE BACULOVIRUS; INSECT VIRUS; PERSISTENCE ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS; REOVIRUS; GENOME; LINES; GENE AB Viral pesticidal agents must be evaluated for potential health hazards prior to utilization. Assessment of the likelihood of replication in humans has included in vitro exposure of human cells to the potential pesticidal agent. Previous in vitro evaluation strategies have lacked positive controls. Thus, negative results, interpreted as no effect of the virus on human cells, could reflect basic deficiencies in the testing protocols. We designed a testing scheme for viral pesticides and used it to test the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica. Tests were aimed at evaluating potential replication or gene expression in primate cells. Parallel tests were run utilizing identical protocols with primate viruses known to produce the biological effect being evaluated. Thus protocols described were tested with positive viral controls. C1 NSI ENVIRONM SCI INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP HARTIG, PC (reprint author), US EPA,MAIL DROP 67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90171-U PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA FE975 UT WOS:A1991FE97500020 PM 1650786 ER PT J AU WEBER, D EASLEY, D ENGLUND, E AF WEBER, D EASLEY, D ENGLUND, E TI PROBABILITY OF PLUME INTERCEPTION USING CONDITIONAL SIMULATION OF HYDRAULIC-HEAD AND INVERSE MODELING SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARAMETER ESTIMATION; SIMULATION; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ID STATE GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ESTIMATING PARAMETERS; ASSESSING RELIABILITY; AQUIFER; IDENTIFICATION AB A procedure to estimate the probability of intercepting a contaminant groundwater plume for monitoring network design has been developed and demonstrated. The objective of the procedure is to use all available information in a method that accounts for the heterogeneity of the aquifer and the paucity of data. The major components of the procedure are geostatistical conditional simulation and parameter estimation that are used sequentially to generate flow paths from a suspected contaminant source location to a designated monitoring transect. From the flow paths, a histogram is constructed that represents the spatial probability distribution of plume centerlines. With an independent estimate of the plume width, a relationship between the total cost and the probability of detecting a plume can be made. The method uses geostatistical information from hydraulic head measurements and is conditioned by the data and the physics of groundwater flow. This procedure was developed specifically for the design of monitoring systems at sites where very few, if any, hydraulic conductivity data are available. C1 UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89121. RP WEBER, D (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,CTR ENVIRONM RES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 219 EP 239 DI 10.1007/BF02066296 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA EY301 UT WOS:A1991EY30100005 ER PT J AU STRAUSS, GHS AF STRAUSS, GHS TI NONRANDOM CELL KILLING IN CRYOPRESERVATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE OF THE BATTERY OF LEUKOCYTE TESTS (BLT) .1. TOXIC AND IMMUNOTOXIC EFFECTS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BATTERY OF LEUKOCYTE TESTS (BLT); LEUKOCYTE TESTS; BATTERY OF; CRYOPRESERVATION; IMMUNOTOXIC EFFECTS; CELL KILLING; NONRANDOM ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SUBSETS AB To eliminate between-tests error in longitudinal human studies, for specimen sharing, convenient scheduling, etc., it is necessary for us to freeze leukocytes as well as non-transformed, continuous T lymphocyte (CTL) lines. Two commonly used cropreservation method were compared in terms of efficacy. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CTLs were each aliquoted into three sets of vials. Two sets each were frozen in a 1:1 mixture of 15% DMSO in Mixed Medium (MM) and 20% FBS in MM using a commonly employed styrofoam freezer insert method for liquid nitrogen refrigerators and a programmed freezer (temperature falls at an optimal rate), respectively. The remaining set was held in MM with 20% FBS at 20-degrees-C during the 2-h freezing process. The cells were thawed and/or washed and assayed for viability and T helper (T(h))/T suppressor (T(s)) ratio. It is clear that inadequate freezing (via the styrofoam method) non-randomly damages cells of T cell subpopulations, T(h) being more sensitive than T(s). Further, it is shown that inadequate cryopreservation can confound results from a number of assessment methods owing to morphological and functional damages. The battery of leukocyte test (BLT) under development in this laboratory, is designed to detect toxic, immunotoxic and genotoxic effects of in vivo mutagen exposure on human blood. It is concluded that minimization of non-random cell losses (as quantitated on the basis of morphology) and preservation of related regulatory cell function is essential if one would assess the in vivo and vitro states of heterogeneous cells. Futher, it is suggested that freezing methods should be used only after verification that selective damage to subpopulations is not occurring among cells that otherwise might wrongly be assumed to be intact. RP STRAUSS, GHS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 252 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90247-6 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EX961 UT WOS:A1991EX96100001 PM 1996128 ER PT J AU BELL, DA LEVINE, JG DEMARINI, DM AF BELL, DA LEVINE, JG DEMARINI, DM TI DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF REVERTANTS OF THE HISD3052 ALLELE OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM TA98 USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING - APPLICATION TO 1-NITROPYRENE-INDUCED REVERTANTS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MUTATIONAL SPECTRUM; MUTAGENIC SPECIFICITY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; REVERTANTS; DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; DIRECT SEQUENCING; 1-NITROPYRENE-INDUCED REVERTANTS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS; MUTAGENICITY TEST; MUTAGENESIS; SPECTRUM; GENE; TRANSITIONS; LOCUS; 1-NITROSOPYRENE AB We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to speed the DNA sequence analysis of revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Briefly, a crude DNA extract from a single colony was prepared and used in an asymmetric PCR to amplify a 328-bp fragment containing the hisD3052 mutation approximately in the center. Following ultrafiltration, the ssDNA was sequenced using an end-labeled probe and dideoxy sequencing. The most frequent mutation among the revertants was a -2 deletion of GC or CG within the sequence CGCGCGCG, which is upstream of the hisD3052 mutation. This deletion occurred in 38% (6/16) of the spontaneous (-S9) revertants and in 94% (15/16) of a set of 1-nitropyrene-induced revertants. Other mutations, mostly deletions but also some complex mutations (i.e., single mutational events involving a combination of insertions, deletions, and substitutions), occurred within quasipalindromic regions of DNA. Possible mutational mechanisms are discussed, and the results with 1-NP are compared to those obtained in other systems. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 252 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(91)90249-8 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EX961 UT WOS:A1991EX96100003 PM 1996130 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE CHANG, JJ KOHAN, MJ DEKKER, JP LONG, JE DUFFY, MC WILLIAMS, RW AF CHADWICK, RW GEORGE, SE CHANG, JJ KOHAN, MJ DEKKER, JP LONG, JE DUFFY, MC WILLIAMS, RW TI POTENTIATION OF 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE GENOTOXICITY IN FISCHER-344 RATS BY PRETREATMENT WITH PENTACHLOROPHENOL SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR COVALENT BINDING; DNA ADDUCTS; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; HUMAN-PLACENTA; GUT FLORA; MUTAGENICITY; METABOLISM; INVIVO; DINITROTOLUENE; EXTRACTION C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CHADWICK, RW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ENVIRONM RES CTR MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 168 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90137-B PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA EY503 UT WOS:A1991EY50300009 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ WATKINSON, WP OCALLAGHAN, JP MILLER, DB AF GORDON, CJ WATKINSON, WP OCALLAGHAN, JP MILLER, DB TI EFFECTS OF 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE ON AUTONOMIC THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES OF THE RAT SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE METABOLIC RATE; EVAPORATIVE WATER LOSS; SALIVATION; PILOERECTION; HYPERTHERMIA; HYPOTHERMIA; MOTOR ACTIVITY; STIMULANT; AMBIENT TEMPERATURE; SKIN TEMPERATURE; LETHALITY; HEART RATE; TELEMETRY ID D-AMPHETAMINE; TEMPERATURE; MDMA; METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; DOPAMINE; RELEASE AB 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a substituted amphetamine analogue which stimulates serotonin release in the CNS, has been shown to induce near lethal elevations in core temperature in the rat. To characterize the effects of MDMA on temperature regulation, we measured metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), motor activity (MA), and colonic temperature (T(c)) in male, Long-Evans rats at 60 min following 30 mg/kg (SC) MDMA or saline at ambient temperatures (T(a)) of 10, 20, and 30-degrees-C. MDMA caused an elevation in MR at T(a)'s of 20 and 30-degrees-C but had no effect at 10-degrees-C. At a T(a) of 30-degrees-C, MR of the MDMA group was double that of the saline group. EWL was elevated by MDMA, an effect which was potentiated with increasing T(a). MDMA also elicited an increase in MA at all three T(a)'s. MDMA led to a 3.2-degrees-C increase in T(c) at 30-degrees-C, no change in T(c) at 20-degrees-C, and a 2.0-degrees-C decrease in T(c) at 10-degrees-C. A second study found that treatment with 20 mg/kg MDMA failed to elicit an increase in blood flow to the tail in spite of a hyperthermic core temperature of 41.4-degrees-C. Preliminary studies using radiotelemetry methodology suggested that MDMA lethality is preceded by precipitous elevations in heart rate and core temperature. The data suggest that, at relatively warm T(a)'s, MDMA-induced stimulation of serotonergic pathways causes an elevation in MR and peripheral vasoconstriction, thus producing life-threatening elevations in T(c). The increase in EWL following MDMA partially attenuates the hyperthermia at warm T(a)'s, but leads to hypothermia in the rat maintained at a cold T(a) of 10-degrees-C. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG RA89-4] NR 23 TC 166 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 38 IS 2 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90288-D PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EY519 UT WOS:A1991EY51900018 PM 1676171 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, JM COOPER, RL EDWARDS, TL REHNBERG, GL MCELROY, WK HEIN, JF AF GOLDMAN, JM COOPER, RL EDWARDS, TL REHNBERG, GL MCELROY, WK HEIN, JF TI SUPPRESSION OF THE LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE BY CHLORDIMEFORM IN OVARIECTOMIZED, STEROID-PRIMED FEMALE RATS SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMAMIDINE PESTICIDES; LH-RELEASE; PROESTROUS RATS; RHESUS-MONKEY; PULSATILE; INVITRO; CATECHOLAMINES; STIMULATION; INHIBITION; SECRETION AB The midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary provides the physiological trigger in the mammalian female for the process of ovulation. Accordingly, any agent that compromises the LH surge could function as a reproductive toxicant. Since ovariectomized (OVX) rats implanted with oestradiol capsules will exhibit daily afternoon surges, such animals can serve as a useful model for the investigation of toxicant-induced alterations in this functional hormonal event. The acaricide chlordimeform (CDF) has previously been found to decrease serum LH, probably by altering the hypothalamic noradrenergic transmitter control of LH secretion. Consequently, the present study focused on the effect of acute CDF administration on the appearance of the induced LH surge. Single intraperitoneal injections of CDF (0, 10, 25, 50 mg/kg) in OVX, oestradiol-implanted female Long-Evans rats approximately 5 hr prior to the expected surge caused a complete suppression at 25 and 50 mg/kg. Ten mg/kg had no effect on surge amplitude, but advanced the LH peak by 2 hr. The observed suppression did not persist beyond the day of CDF administration. Earlier dosing at 11 or 18 hr prior to the surge was without effect. Since CDF has been found to elevate serum corticosterone (CORT), 10 mg CORT/rat were given at different times prior to the surge. Twenty hr after administration only a partial lowering was seen; 5 hr exposure were ineffective. This indicates that an indirect adrenal effect was not the principal route, but may accompany an action of CDF on the hypothalamic mechanisms regulating the surge and becomes evidence after more prolonged exposure. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,ENDOCRINOL GERONTOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GOLDMAN, JM (reprint author), NSI TECHNOL SERV,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FA974 UT WOS:A1991FA97400012 PM 1852718 ER PT J AU HERR, DW BOYES, WK DYER, RS AF HERR, DW BOYES, WK DYER, RS TI RAT FLASH-EVOKED POTENTIAL PEAK N160 AMPLITUDE - MODULATION BY RELATIVE FLASH INTENSITY SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE FLASH-EVOKED POTENTIAL; PEAK N160; RELATIVE FLASH INTENSITY; SENSITIZATION; HABITUATION; TEST PARAMETERS ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; HOODED RATS; BEHAVIORAL REACTIVITY; AFTER-DISCHARGES; LIGHT ADAPTATION; PHOTIC STIMULI; HABITUATION; ALBINO; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AB The flash-evoked potential (FEP) of rats has a large negative peak (N160) approximately 160 ms following stimulation. This peak has been reported to be modulated by the subject's state of behavioral arousal and influenced by several test parameters. These experiments examined the influences of repeated testing, the number of stimuli/session, interactions of ambient illumination and flash intensity, and the effect of pupillary dilation on the development and amplitude of peak N160. The amplitude of peak N160 increased with daily testing and reached an asymptotic amplitude by about day 10. This amplitude was affected by the intensity of the flash stimulus relative to the ambient illumination (RFI) and appeared to reach a "ceiling" amplitude at greater than 50 dB RFI. The number of stimuli/session and dilation of the subject's pupils did not have a large influence on the growth or asymptotic level of peak N160 amplitude. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the growth of peak N160 may represent a sensitization-like phenomenon. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 49 IS 2 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90056-T PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA EZ611 UT WOS:A1991EZ61100022 PM 2062908 ER PT J AU BACKER, LC SONTAG, MR ALLEN, JW AF BACKER, LC SONTAG, MR ALLEN, JW TI STAGE-SPECIFIC DAMAGE TO SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES AND METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES INDUCED BY X-RAYS IN MALE-MOUSE GERM-CELLS SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; MALE-MICE; PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ABERRATIONS; SPERMATOGONIA; TRANSMISSION; HAMSTER C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BACKER, LC (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 125 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.2307/3577887 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA EX538 UT WOS:A1991EX53800010 PM 1996377 ER PT J AU PEPELKO, WE AF PEPELKO, WE TI EFFECT OF EXPOSURE ROUTE ON POTENCY OF CARCINOGENS SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2-YEAR DRINKING-WATER; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ORAL TOXICITY; RATS; MICE; INHALATION; DICHLOROMETHANE; BIOASSAYS; HAMSTERS; ASBESTOS RP PEPELKO, WE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0273-2300(91)90038-W PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EX212 UT WOS:A1991EX21200002 PM 2024044 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ GREENE, JA KIMMEL, GL MORRISSEY, RE OWENS, E ROGERS, JM SADLER, TW STACK, HF WATERS, MD WELSCH, F AF KAVLOCK, RJ GREENE, JA KIMMEL, GL MORRISSEY, RE OWENS, E ROGERS, JM SADLER, TW STACK, HF WATERS, MD WELSCH, F TI ACTIVITY PROFILES OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND PILOT IMPLEMENTATION SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENETHIOUREA-INDUCED HYDROCEPHALUS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM; EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; GENETIC-ACTIVITY PROFILES; INVIVO TERATOLOGY SCREEN; RATS EXPOSED INUTERO; 2 INVITRO ASSAYS; CHICK-EMBRYOS; PREGNANT RATS; FROG EMBRYO AB The available literature was searched for quantitative test results from both in vitro and in vivo assays for developmental toxicity for five model compounds: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, caffeine, and ethylenethiourea. These compounds were chosen on the basis of their extensive utilization in a variety of assay systems for developmental toxicity as evidenced by their representation in the ETIC database (each generally has 100-500 citations encompassing multiple test systems). Nine cellular-based assays, six assays using whole embryos in culture, as well as Segment II and abbreviated exposure tests for mammalian test species are included in the database. For each assay, the critical endpoints were identified, each of which was then provided a three-letter code, and the criteria for extraction of quantitative information were established. The extracted information was placed into a computerized reference file and subsequently plotted such that the qualitative (positive/negative) and quantitative (e.g., IC50, highest ineffective dose (HID), lowest effective dose (LED)) results across all test systems could be displayed. The information contained in these profiles can be used to compare qualitative and quantitative results across multiple assay systems, to identify data gaps in the literature, to evaluate the concordance of the assays, to calculate relative potencies, and to examine structure-activity relationships. C1 BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HUMAN GENOME & TOXICOL GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN. MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD,W POINT,PA 19486. RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 142 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 43 IS 2 BP 159 EP 185 DI 10.1002/tera.1420430208 PG 27 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA EV805 UT WOS:A1991EV80500007 PM 2014481 ER PT J AU PEELE, DB ALLISON, SD BOLON, B PRAH, JD JENSEN, KF MORGAN, KT AF PEELE, DB ALLISON, SD BOLON, B PRAH, JD JENSEN, KF MORGAN, KT TI FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS PRODUCED BY 3-METHYLINDOLE-INDUCED OLFACTORY MUCOSAL DAMAGE REVEALED BY A SIMPLE OLFACTORY LEARNING-TASK SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALATION EXPOSURE; RAT; PATHOLOGY; MICE; 3-METHYLFURAN; REGENERATION; TOXICITY; HAMSTER C1 CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NORTHROP SERV INC,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 107 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90202-P PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EW195 UT WOS:A1991EW19500001 PM 1994507 ER PT J AU BANKS, YB BIRNBAUM, LS AF BANKS, YB BIRNBAUM, LS TI ABSORPTION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN (TCDD) AFTER LOW-DOSE DERMAL EXPOSURE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; PAPER-MILLS; PULP; PHARMACOKINETICS; DISPOSITION; SINGLE; PCDFS; RATS; FATE C1 NIEHS,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP BANKS, YB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 51,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 107 IS 2 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90210-6 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EW195 UT WOS:A1991EW19500009 PM 1994512 ER PT J AU VERONESI, B PADILLA, S BLACKMON, K POPE, C AF VERONESI, B PADILLA, S BLACKMON, K POPE, C TI MURINE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ORGANOPHOSPHORUS-INDUCED DELAYED NEUROPATHY (OPIDN) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORTHO-CRESYL PHOSPHATE; ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS ESTERS; NEUROTOXIC ESTERASE; SPINAL-CORD; DIISOPROPYL PHOSPHOROFLUORIDATE; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; RAT C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP VERONESI, B (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 65 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 107 IS 2 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90211-V PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EW195 UT WOS:A1991EW19500010 PM 1994513 ER PT J AU SKINNER, J AF SKINNER, J TI HAZARDOUS-WASTE TREATMENT TRENDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SKINNER, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0734-242X(91)90087-N PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ108 UT WOS:A1991EZ10800005 ER PT J AU NENDZA, M RUSSOM, CL AF NENDZA, M RUSSOM, CL TI QSAR MODELING OF THE ERL-D FATHEAD MINNOW ACUTE TOXICITY DATABASE SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALS; PHENOLS AB 1. Regression analysis has been applied to examine the structure-activity relationships regarding the acute fish toxicity (96 h LC50 fathead minnow) of organic chemicals. The log P dependent baseline toxicity model has been confirmed for a data set composed of 618 compounds from 24 chemical classes associated with a putative common mode of action. 2. Covariance analysis of the discrete by class regression functions resulted in the combination of chemicals to subsets associated with their mode of action. Separate models were derived for nonpolar (Class I) and polar (Class II and III) compounds. Chemicals which are more toxic than estimated from the baseline model are identified. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP NENDZA, M (reprint author), FRAUNHOFER INST UMWELTCHEM & OKOTOXIKOL,W-5948 SCHMALLENBERG,GERMANY. OI Nendza, Monika/0000-0002-1305-2235 NR 29 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD FEB PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 147 EP 170 PG 24 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FA003 UT WOS:A1991FA00300002 PM 2058173 ER PT J AU RABINOWITZ, JR LITTLE, SB AF RABINOWITZ, JR LITTLE, SB TI PREDICTION OF THE REACTIVITIES OF CYCLOPENTA-POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS BY QUANTUM-MECHANICAL METHODS SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID FUSED ISOMERS; DNA; CARCINOGENS; METABOLITES; CELLS; AM1 AB 1. The direction of epoxide ring opening may be predicted using the techniques of theoretical chemistry by comparing the computed total energy of the two possible carbocations formed. 2. To predict the direction of epoxide ring opening and the potential binding of aceanthrylene 1,2-epoxide to biopolymers, quantum mechanical calculations were performed on the two potential hydroxy carbocations. 3. The 2-hydroxy carbocation (II) was favoured over the 1-hydroxy carbocation by 11.8 kcal/mol. Molecule II had more positive charge at the meso carbon group than at the nominally charged 1 position. Both the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the molecular electrostatic potential confirm this result, and indicate the possibility of unusual adducts to biopolymers. 4. Similar calculations on the equivalent epoxides of acenaphthylene and acephenanthrylene do not show the same results. 5. Modelling the addition products of II with small nucleophiles indicates that these unusual addition products do not form, and that the interaction is controlled by electronic effects and not electrostatic effects. 6. The calculations on acephenanthrylene demonstrate the importance of including the hydroxyl group when making predictions relative to epoxide ring opening. 7. Molecular descriptors are surrogates for the interaction of that molecule with an often unknown biological target. In cases where molecular descriptors are used without information about the target, small quantitative differences may not be appropriate discriminators. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP RABINOWITZ, JR (reprint author), US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD FEB PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 263 EP 275 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FA003 UT WOS:A1991FA00300012 PM 2058181 ER PT J AU CAMPT, DD ROELOFS, JV RICHARDS, J AF CAMPT, DD ROELOFS, JV RICHARDS, J TI PESTICIDE REGULATION IS SOUND, PROTECTIVE, AND STEADILY IMPROVING SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD JAN 7 PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA EQ858 UT WOS:A1991EQ85800022 ER PT J AU CHAMKASEM, N HILL, KD SEWELL, GW AF CHAMKASEM, N HILL, KD SEWELL, GW TI USE OF ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR MONITORING FATTY-ACIDS PRODUCED BY BACTERIAL ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF TETRACHLOROETHENE IN GROUND-WATER SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON COLUMN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CY MAY 20-25, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA ID CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SEPARATION AB A rapid method for the simultaneous quantification of non-volatile and volatile fatty acids in aqueous sample by ion-exclusion chromatography is described. The sample is directly injected into the column and detected by a chemically suppressed conductivity detector, connected in tandem with an UV detector at 210 nm. The method allows detection of fatty acid as low as 1ppm with a linear dynamic range up to 1000ppm. At least 13 fatty acids can be determined within 50 min. This technique has been used to monitor the common fermentation products(lactate, acetate, propionate and butyrate) of the reductive dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene by anerobic bacteria. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV,ADA,OK 74820. US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 4 PY 1991 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89249-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EU612 UT WOS:A1991EU61200018 PM 2050765 ER PT J AU JOZEWICZ, W KIRCHGESSNER, DA AF JOZEWICZ, W KIRCHGESSNER, DA TI CALCINATION OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SORBENT IN THE PRESENCE OF SO2 AND ITS EFFECT ON REACTIVITY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID SULFATION; OXIDE; SIZE; CAO AB When calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] is calcined in an isothermal flow reactor with 300 ppm or less sulfur dioxide (SO2) present, the structure of the sorbent is characterized by retention of higher pore volumes and surface areas than when calcined in the absence of SO2. Upon reinjection into the isothermal flow reactor (1,000-degrees-C, 3,000 ppm SO2, 0.8 s) a higher level of reactivity with SO2 is observed for the SO2-modified calcine than for the unmodified sorbent. Structural evidence suggests that a slower initial rate of sintering in the modified calcine accounts for its enhanced reactivity. It is postulated that deposition of small amounts of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) on pore faces and along crystal boundaries retards the solid state diffusion process responsible for sintering. The effects on sintering and reactivity of various combinations of residence time (0.6-2.0 s) and SO2 concentration (10-50 ppm) during precalcination have been tested. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JOZEWICZ, W (reprint author), ACUREX CORP,DIV ENVIRONM SYST,POB 13109,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 468 BP 50 EP 64 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GC602 UT WOS:A1991GC60200005 ER PT J AU UTGIKAR, V GOVIND, R SHAN, Y SAFFERMAN, S BRENNER, RC AF UTGIKAR, V GOVIND, R SHAN, Y SAFFERMAN, S BRENNER, RC TI BIODEGRADATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN A BIOFILTER SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL AB Emission of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has recently received increased attention due to its environmental impact. It is possible to treat these compounds by biodegradation. A mathematical model has been developed in this paper to describe the biodegradation of the VOCs in a biofilter. Numerical solutions of a mathematical model describing the steady state biodegradation of VOCs in the biofilter have been presented in the paper. The use of the model in design of the biofilter is demonstrated for a given load of leachates. Preliminary experimental data on the removal of toluene and methylene chloride have been presented. Calculations have been made for removal of the most common constituents of the leachate. It was found that for an inlet gas flow rate of 0.175 m3/s(370 ft3/min), a biofilter 3 m in diameter and 5.3 m in height is required for 90% removal of the contaminants. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP UTGIKAR, V (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 468 BP 233 EP 260 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GC602 UT WOS:A1991GC60200013 ER PT J AU NASH, RG HELLING, CS RAGONE, SE LESLIE, AR AF NASH, RG HELLING, CS RAGONE, SE LESLIE, AR TI GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING - OVERVIEW OF THE APPROACH TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID WELL WATER; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB Recognition that nitrogen applied as fertilizer may reach groundwater has been known for two to three decades. It is only in the past decade that evidence has become available suggesting pesticides may leach to groundwater, also. The evidence, though mostly anecdotal, has raised the nation's awareness of the potential for contamination of our water resources, the need to ascertain the extent of the problem, and ways to prevent it. Because of the complexity of natural systems, an interdisciplinary study approach is needed to provide information for cost-effective solutions to the problem. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US GEOL SURVEY,OFF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR RES,RESTON,VA 22092. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP NASH, RG (reprint author), EPL BIOANALYT SERV INC,BOX 1708,DECATUR,IL 62525, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600001 ER PT J AU LESLIE, AR BARRETT, M AF LESLIE, AR BARRETT, M TI HEALTH ADVISORIES AND ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES - REGULATORY BASIS FOR CONCERN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LEGISLATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB Farming practices that require intensive use of pesticides and fertilizer are believed to contribute to groundwater contamination in agricultural areas. Dependency on these practices is attributable in part to certain requirements of the federal commodity programs that result in continuous cropping patterns to retain government subsidies. There is increasing evidence of groundwater contamination; a number of studies have examined alternative approaches to prevent further contamination. The USEPA assigns risk-based advisories or regulatory standards to drinking water contaminants; this has had an important influence on legislative changes already made or being considered to provide incentives for farmers to reduce their dependence upon agricultural chemicals. RP LESLIE, AR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,MAIL STOP H7506C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 16 EP 26 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600002 ER PT J AU BEHL, E EIDEN, CA AF BEHL, E EIDEN, CA TI FIELD-SCALE MONITORING STUDIES TO EVALUATE MOBILITY OF PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND GROUNDWATER SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may require data from ground-water monitoring studies to support the registration of pesticide products under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) sections 3(c)5 and 3(c)7. Data from ground-water monitoring studies are used both to determine the likelihood that a pesticide will leach and to detect the presence of a pesticide in ground water from years of use. Field-scale monitoring studies are necessary because patterns of pesticide degradation and movement in the field are influenced by a wide variety of natural environmental factors that cannot be duplicated in the laboratory. Monitoring studies have been required for 37 compounds when residues of the pesticide are reported in ground water or when the Agency has evaluated the pesticide as a potential "leacher," based on a review of it's persistence and mobility. This paper explains the history of ground-water monitoring requirements for the Office of Pesticide Programs of EPA and events and issues that led to the development of the monitoring guidance. New directions in small-scale monitoring studies are described. Large-scale ground-water monitoring is mentioned briefly. RP BEHL, E (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,MAIL STOP H7506C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 27 EP 47 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600003 ER PT J AU MASON, RE BOLAND, J AF MASON, RE BOLAND, J TI MINIMUM COST SAMPLE ALLOCATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB A procedure for determining the minimum cost allocation of samples subject to multiple variance constraints is described. The procedure is illustrated using information developed for the National Pesticide Survey conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MASON, RE (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 91 EP 109 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600005 ER PT J AU ASMUSSEN, LE SMITH, CN AF ASMUSSEN, LE SMITH, CN TI STUDY DESIGN TO INVESTIGATE AND SIMULATE AGROCHEMICAL MOVEMENT AND FATE IN GROUNDWATER RECHARGE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB The vulnerability of aquifers to contamination by agrochemicals is relatively high in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Transport and fate of agrochemicals in either the root, unsaturated, or saturated zones can be simulated by existing mathematical models. However, a linked mathematical model is needed to simulate the movement and degradation from the point of application through the unsaturated zone, and into groundwater. The United States Geological Survey and Agricultural Research Service initiated a cooperative investigation in 1986. In 1988, the United States Environmental Protection Agency joined the research investigation. These agencies are sharing technical expertise and resources to develop an understanding of physical, chemical, and biological processes and to evaluate their spatial and temporal variability; and to develop and validate linked model(s) that would describe chemical transport and fate. Study sites have been selected in the Fall Line Hills district of the Coastal Plain province. The Claiborne aquifer recharge area is located in this district near Plains, Georgia. Instrumentation to measure water and chemical transport has been installed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP ASMUSSEN, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 150 EP 164 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600008 ER PT J AU LEACH, LE ROSS, RR AF LEACH, LE ROSS, RR TI ASEPTIC SAMPLING OF UNCONSOLIDATED HEAVING SOILS IN SATURATED ZONES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID INSTALLATION; WELLS AB Collecting undisturbed subsurface soil samples in noncohesive, heaving sandy environments below the water table has been extremely difficult using conventional soil sampling equipment. Several modifications of the conventional hollow-stem auger coring procedures were adapted, which allowed collection of depth-discreet soil samples in very fluid, heaving sands. These methods were used where accurate subsurface characterization of the contamination of RCRA and CERCLA sites was essential. Cohesionless cores were consistently retrieved, aseptically extruded from the core barrel inside an anaerobic environmental chamber, and preserved in the field. The physical, chemical, and biological integrity of discreet soil intervals was maintained for laboratory analysis. Statistical analysis of repeated collection of soil samples from the same depth intervals in nearby boreholes was documented. RP LEACH, LE (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 334 EP 348 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600020 ER PT J AU KARU, AE HARRISON, RO SCHMIDT, DJ CLARKSON, CE GRASSMAN, J GOODROW, MH LUCAS, A HAMMOCK, BD VANEMON, JM WHITE, RJ AF KARU, AE HARRISON, RO SCHMIDT, DJ CLARKSON, CE GRASSMAN, J GOODROW, MH LUCAS, A HAMMOCK, BD VANEMON, JM WHITE, RJ TI MONOCLONAL IMMUNOASSAY OF TRIAZINE HERBICIDES - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; WATER; SOIL AB This paper summarizes a three-laboratory effort to develop a sensitive, reliable enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for triazine herbicides using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Simazine and atrazine haptens with mercaptopropionic acid and aminohexanoic acid spacers were synthesized and conjugated to proteins via N-hydroxysuccinimide active esters. MAbs derived from mice immunized with these conjugates had I50 values of 3 ppb to 4 ppm for various triazines in standard and simazine-enzyme conjugate competition EIAs. The EIAs are compatible with simplified methods for triazine extraction and concentration from soil and water. The limit of detection for atrazine was approximately 0.05 to 0.1 ppb, similar to that obtained with gas chromatography. EIA and GC results agreed closely for 75 groundwater samples, with no "false negatives." Gas-liquid chromatography and EIA data for simazine in 48 soil extracts had a correlation of 0.97. The EIA has also been used to monitor groundwater from beneath a toxic waste pit and water from agricultural evaporation ponds. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT ENTOMOL & ENVIRONM TOXICOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. RP KARU, AE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 451 BP 59 EP 77 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU894 UT WOS:A1991EU89400006 ER PT J AU MALLOY, EA GARNER, WY YOUNG, FE HESS, CE KIMM, V BONTEMPO, L AF MALLOY, EA GARNER, WY YOUNG, FE HESS, CE KIMM, V BONTEMPO, L TI A HARVEST OF QUESTIONS - CHEMICALS AND THE FOOD-CHAIN SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review C1 QUAL ASSOCIATES INC, ELLICOTT CITY, MD 21043 USA. CIBA GEIGY CORP, DIV AGR, GREENSBORO, NC 27419 USA. US EPA, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. US DEPT HHS, WASHINGTON, DC 20201 USA. USDA, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. RP MALLOY, EA (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200001 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, AL AF JENNINGS, AL TI SOME ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF PESTICIDE USE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Pesticide chemicals are used for the same reason we use any other chemical tool-they offer some real or perceived advantage over the alternatives. Pesticides are an integral part of modern agriculture because they reduce the labor or cost of production, reduce the risks of crop loss, and remove some of the market uncertainties. While the techniques of modern farming have improved the economic efficiency of production, these same techniques have led to increased reliance on pest control chemicals. Specialization, geographical concentration of production, grower flexibility, and large monoculture farming are all made possible by pesticides. Pesticides are also policy tools used to support the complex array of markets and economic regulations that affect the price, quality, and availability of food. RP JENNINGS, AL (reprint author), US EPA, OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS, DIV BIOL & ECON ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200003 ER PT J AU TOMERLIN, JR ENGLER, R AF TOMERLIN, JR ENGLER, R TI ESTIMATION OF DIETARY EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES USING THE DIETARY RISK-EVALUATION SYSTEM SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB The Environmental Protection Agency uses a computer based system to evaluate exposure to pesticide residues on food. The system uses average food consumption data and estimates of pesticide residues to calculate estimates of chronic exposure to pesticides, which are then compared to a Reference Dose (RfD) determined from toxicology studies. Estimates of acute exposure are calculated using individual food consumption and are used to calculate Margins of Exposure. Initial exposure estimates assume that 100 percent of eligible crops contain tolerance level residues, generally overestimating exposure. More refined pesticide usage or residue data may be used to calculate exposure estimates presumed to more closely approximate actual exposure. The Agency is considering the development of analytical systems based less on empirical relationships and more on probability theory. C1 US EPA, DIV HLTH EFFECTS, OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 192 EP 201 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200021 ER PT J AU SCHOENY, RS AF SCHOENY, RS TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY PROCESSES FOR CONSENSUS BUILDING FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review RP SCHOENY, RS (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF, OFF RES & DEV, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200023 ER PT J AU ENGLER, R LEVY, R AF ENGLER, R LEVY, R TI COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT WITH CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review RP ENGLER, R (reprint author), US EPA, DIV HLTH EFFECTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 226 EP 234 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200025 ER PT J AU TRICHILO, CL SCHMITT, RD AF TRICHILO, CL SCHMITT, RD TI THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY IN ASSURING A SAFE FOOD-SUPPLY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID PESTICIDE AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates pesticide residues in food under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) and has an important role in establishing and maintaining appropriate tolerances to assure a safe food supply. Tolerances minimize the uncertainty about food safety and serve as an enforcement tool in checking food commodities as they travel in interstate commerce. EPA establishes tolerances after reviewing exposure and hazard data and concluding that the risks to the public are acceptable. Feedback in the form of monitoring data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the individual states is essential to EPA in reassessing tolerances and keeping the tolerance-setting process consistent with real-world changes in agricultural practices. Because of the growing impact of recycling and pollution prevention programs on minimizing waste generation from crops and other food processing by-products, EPA will be examining its regulations, guidelines and policies to be sure current nonfood use pesticides do not pose food residue problems. Scientific data acceptable by today's standards to assess exposure and hazard of pesticide residues and effective label restrictions are important elements in reevaluating older chemicals through the reregistration process. The 1988 Amendments to FIFRA are expected to speed up the pace of this process. RP TRICHILO, CL (reprint author), US EPA, OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS, DIV HLTH EFFECTS H7509C, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 286 EP 296 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200032 ER PT J AU DICARLO, FJ AF DICARLO, FJ TI CARBOXYLIC-ACID DRUGS CAUSING BIRTH-DEFECTS SO ACTA PHARMACEUTICA JUGOSLAVICA LA English DT Article ID TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; VITAMIN-A MOLECULE; VALPROIC ACID; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; TERATOGENIC ACTIVITY; ENANTIOSELECTIVE TERATOGENICITY; ANTICONVULSANT DRUG; METHOXYACETIC ACID AB Focused upon three teratogenic drugs, valproic acid, retinoic acid and mevinolinic acid, this review has attempted to illustrate that presently recognized carboxylic acid teratogens constitute a large structural family which includes some drugs, industrial chemicals and potential new drugs. RP DICARLO, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,TS-796,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHARMACEUTICA PI ZAGREB PA CROATIAN PHARMACEUTICAL SOC MASARYKOVA 2, 41000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0001-6667 J9 ACTA PHARM JUGOSL PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GB398 UT WOS:A1991GB39800001 ER PT J AU LEWIS, CW AF LEWIS, CW TI DZUBAY,THOMAS,GARY 1939-1990 SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP LEWIS, CW (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 214 EP 215 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GH682 UT WOS:A1991GH68200009 ER PT J AU YE, Y TSAI, CJ PUI, DYH LEWIS, CW AF YE, Y TSAI, CJ PUI, DYH LEWIS, CW TI PARTICLE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ANNULAR DENUDER AMBIENT SAMPLING SYSTEM SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLUTANTS; DIFFUSION; AIR AB Transmission measurements have been performed on University Research Glassware, Inc. model 2000-30B glass annular denuders at 10 L/min using monodisperse particles in the 0.01-1-mu-m diameter size range. Through control of the aerosol charge state, particle losses due to diffusion and electrostatic effects were separately measured and theoretical descriptions of both were developed. For Boltzmann charged (atmospheric) particles in the important 0.1-1-mu-m diameter size range total losses averaged only a few percent or less. Particle transmission measurements also confirmed the design value of 2.5-mu-m for the 50% cutpoint diameter of the URG 2000-30EN cyclone inlet used with these annular denuders. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MECH ENGN,PARTICLE TECHNOL LAB,111 CHURCH ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1080/02786829108959475 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EP726 UT WOS:A1991EP72600010 ER PT J AU LUCAS, SV LEE, KW MELTON, CW PETERSEN, BA LEWTAS, J KING, LC BALL, LM AF LUCAS, SV LEE, KW MELTON, CW PETERSEN, BA LEWTAS, J KING, LC BALL, LM TI A TECHNIQUE FOR CONTROLLABLE VAPOR-PHASE DEPOSITION OF 1-NITRO[C-14]PYRENE AND OTHER POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS ONTO ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICULATE MATTER SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIESEL PARTICLES; ORGANIC-MATTER; 1-NITROPYRENE; METABOLISM; MUTAGENS; RELEASE; LUNG; RAT AB To produce environmental particles fortified with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) for toxicology studies, an experimental apparatus was devised for deposition of the desired chemical species onto particles in a controlled and reproducible manner. The technique utilized consists of dispersion of the particles on a gaseous stream at a controlled rate, thermal vaporization of a solution of PAH, delivery of the vaporized PAH into the aerosol of particles at a controlled rate, subsequent condensation of the PAH onto the particles, and final recovery of the coated particles. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by vapor-coating a C-14-labeled PAH (1-nitro[C-14]-pyrene) onto diesel engine exhaust particles that had previously been collected by tunnel dilution sampling techniques. Using the C-14 label as a tracer, the coated particles were characterized with respect to degree of coating, integrity of particle structure and absence of chemical decomposition of the coating substrate. This study demonstrates that the described method provides a controllable means for depositing a substance uniformly and with a high coating efficiency onto aerosolized particles. The technique was also used to vapor-coat benzo(a)pyrene onto diesel engine exhaust and urban ambient air particulate matter, and 2-nitrofluoranthene onto urban ambient air particulate matter. Coating efficiencies of about 400 mu-g/g particulate matter were routinely obtained on a single coating run, and up to 1200 mu-g/g (1200 ppm) were achieved after a second pass through the process. The coated particles were subsequently utilized in biological fate, distribution and metabolism studies. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS LABS,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 210 EP 223 DI 10.1080/02786829108959484 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EY671 UT WOS:A1991EY67100006 ER PT J AU DAMATO, A CHOPRA, SK AF DAMATO, A CHOPRA, SK TI WHALES - THEIR EMERGING RIGHT-TO-LIFE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,DALLAS,TX. RP DAMATO, A (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH LAW,EVANSTON,IL, USA. NR 131 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC INT LAW PI WASHINGTON PA 2223 MASSACHUSETTS AVE N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20008-2864 SN 0002-9300 J9 AM J INT LAW JI Am. J. Int. Law PD JAN PY 1991 VL 85 IS 1 BP 21 EP 62 DI 10.2307/2203557 PG 42 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA FC055 UT WOS:A1991FC05500002 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L AF GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA ON BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION IN RATS, HAMSTERS, AND MICE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIORAL TEMPERATURE REGULATION; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; BODY TEMPERATURE; CHEMICAL TOXICITY ID TEMPERATURE REGULATION; BODY-TEMPERATURE; HYPOTHERMIA AB Recent studies using reptiles and other ectothermic species have shown that hypoxia lowers the set point for the control of body temperature. This is characterized by a preference for cooler ambient (T(a)) and deep body temperatures (T(b)) when placed in a temperature gradient. To elucidate the presence of this effect in mammals, the selected T(a) and T(b) of three rodent species (mouse, hamster, and rat) were measured while subjected to graded hypoxia in a temperature gradient. Individual animals were placed in the gradient for 30 min. Oxygen content of air entering the gradient was then reduced to a constant level for a period of 60 min by dilution with nitrogen. T(b) was significantly reduced in all species at %O2 levels of 5.5-10%. Selected T(a) was significantly reduced in the mouse at %O2 levels of 5.5 and 7.3%. Selected T(a) of the hamster and rat were reduced slightly at %O2 levels of 5.8 and 7.4%, respectively; however, the effect was not statistically significant. To clarify the effects of hypoxia in these two species, the sample size of rat and hamster was increased to strengthen statistical analysis, and the animals were exposed for 60 min to %O2 levels of 7.4 and 6.7%, respectively. Both species exhibited a significant reduction in selected T(a) during hypoxia concomitant with hypothermia. These data support the hypothesis that hypoxia lowers the set point for the control of body temperature in rodents. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 260 IS 1 BP R120 EP R125 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA EU071 UT WOS:A1991EU07100056 PM 1992812 ER PT J AU DEVLIN, RB MCDONNELL, WF MANN, R BECKER, S HOUSE, DE SCHREINEMACHERS, D KOREN, HS AF DEVLIN, RB MCDONNELL, WF MANN, R BECKER, S HOUSE, DE SCHREINEMACHERS, D KOREN, HS TI EXPOSURE OF HUMANS TO AMBIENT LEVELS OF OZONE FOR 6.6 HOURS CAUSES CELLULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES IN THE LUNG SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ANION RADICAL PRODUCTION; 0.12 PPM OZONE; SUPEROXIDE ANION; STIMULATING FACTOR; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; HEPATOMA-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR AB An acute (2 h) exposure of humans to 0.4 ppm ozone initiates biochemical changes in the lung that result in the production of components mediating inflammation and acute lung damage as well as components having the potential to lead to long-term effects such as fibrosis. However, many people are exposed to lower levels of ozone than this, but for periods of several hours. Therefore, it is important to determine if a prolonged exposure to low levels of ozone is also capable of causing cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Nonsmoking males were randomly exposed to filtered air and either 0.10 ppm ozone or 0.08 ppm ozone for 6.6 h with moderate exercise (40 liters/min). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 18 h after each exposure, and cells and fluid were analyzed. The BAL fluid of volunteers exposed to 0.10 ppm ozone had significant increases in neutrophils (PMNs), protein, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), fibronectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared with BAL fluid from the same volunteers exposed to filtered air. In addition, there was a decrease in the ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytize yeast via the complement receptor. Exposure to 0.08 ppm ozone resulted in significant increases in PMNs, PGE2, LDH, IL-6, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and decreased phagocytosis via the complement receptor. However, BAL fluid protein and fibronectin were no longer significantly elevated. We conclude that exposure of humans to as low a level as 0.08 ppm for 6.6 h is sufficient to initiate an inflammatory reaction in the lung. C1 ABB ENVIRONM SERV INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP DEVLIN, RB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 56 TC 349 Z9 351 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA ET511 UT WOS:A1991ET51100011 PM 1846079 ER PT J AU EVANS, O JACOBS, BJ COHEN, AL AF EVANS, O JACOBS, BJ COHEN, AL TI LIQUID SOLID EXTRACTION OF TRIBUTYLTIN FROM MARINE SAMPLES SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE LIQUID SOLID EXTRACTION; TRIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; SPLITLESS HOT INJECTION; SPECIATION ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; ELECTROTHERMAL QUARTZ FURNACE; PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDRIDE GENERATION; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; PHASE EXTRACTION; INORGANIC TIN AB An analytical method based on a liquid-solid extraction (LSE) procedure followed by gas chromatography (splitless 'hot' injection mode) with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed and evaluated for tributyltin (TBT) chloride in fresh and marine waters. Splitless 'hot' injection GC requires the rigorous exclusion of water from the eluting solvent and the sample extract solutions. Tributyltin chloride is thermally sensitive and tends to degrade in the injection liner. This thermal degradation, possibly a debutylation reaction, is enhanced in the presence of trace amounts of water. Electron capture detection, although offering adequate sensitivity, has insufficient specificity for TBT chloride at trace level concentrations. Also, the solvent, ethyl acetate, can extract compounds from the LSE column or cartridge housings. These compounds, phthalates, cresols, adipates, etc., may interfere with the measurement and detection of the analyte. Chromatograms of extracts of LSE discs and procedural blanks have 'clean' backgrounds in contrast to many of the LSE columns and cartridges. Extraction discs mounted in a tandem arrangement show no breakthrough of analyte from the front to the rear disc for sample volumes which ranged from 100 to 500 ml. Liquid-solid extraction appears to meet the need for sample collection (on-site), preservation/storage (column of disc) and convenient and inexpensive sample shipment. The TBT chloride can be preserved on column(s) or disc(s) for at least 1 month. Recoveries of the tin analyte at the 0.1 ng ml-1 level range between 91 and 104%. RP EVANS, O (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 40 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1039/an9911600015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ER781 UT WOS:A1991ER78100002 ER PT J AU TRUSTY, CD ELLINGTON, JJ AF TRUSTY, CD ELLINGTON, JJ TI TECHNIQUES AFFECTING PRECISION AND ACCURACY IN HYDROLYSIS RATE-CONSTANT DETERMINATIONS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS USING JEFFERS ZERO HEADSPACE REACTION BULBS SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND(S); TRICHLOROETHANE; REACTION BULB; AQUATIC FATE AB A recently published method for measurement of hydrolysis rate constants for volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples was adopted for use in our laboratory. In applying the method, we developed the capability to make the zero-headspace reaction bulbs and used them to measure the hydrolysis rate constant for 1,1,1 trichloroethane. After establishing and mastering the critical points of the technique, we were able to determine an acceptable neutral hydrolysis rate constant (k(n) = 7.98 E-2 min-1, 115-degrees-C) that was within 17% of the value calculated using the Arrhenius parameters of Jeffers' method. A detailed description of our experiences while learning this technique and becoming proficient in its use is provided with the belief that our experiences would benefit other analytical chemists. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP TRUSTY, CD (reprint author), US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 327 EP 344 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FJ716 UT WOS:A1991FJ71600014 ER PT J AU MARTIN, F ZAIOU, M LETACON, F RYGIEWICZ, P AF MARTIN, F ZAIOU, M LETACON, F RYGIEWICZ, P TI STRAIN SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN RIBOSOMAL DNA FROM THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI LACCARIA-BICOLOR (MAIRE) ORTON AND LACCARIA-LACCATA (SCOP EX FR) BR SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article DE LACCARIA-BICOLOR; LACCARIA-LACCATA; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; RFLP; RIBOSOMAL DNA; TAXONOMY; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID RNA GENES; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; POLYMORPHISMS; ORGANIZATION; TOOL AB The restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the ribosomal RNA genes of 14 isolates belonging to various ectomycorrhizal fungus species including the related basidiomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria laccata (Scop ex Fr) Br and Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton have been determined. The isolates were obtained from various geographical sources in France, the United Kingdom and North America. Total DNA of vegetative mycelium was cleaved with a series of restriction enzymes, electrophoretically separated and probed with radiolabelled rDNA gene from Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff: Fr) SF Gray. Results indicate that isolates belonging to different species had different restriction enzyme sites in the rDNA. Although distinct patterns were observed within species, a core of common bands could be discerned within each species. Since various patterns were observed within L bicolor and L laccata, rRNA gene restriction patterns may have epidemiological as well as taxonomic interest. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP MARTIN, F (reprint author), INRA,MICROBIOL FORESTIERES LAB,F-35042 RENNES,FRANCE. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1991 VL 48 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1051/forest:19910305 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FZ689 UT WOS:A1991FZ68900005 ER PT J AU BIRNBAUM, LS AF BIRNBAUM, LS TI PHARMACOKINETIC BASIS OF AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN SENSITIVITY TO TOXICANTS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE SENESCENCE; DISPOSITION; XENOBIOTICS; TOXICOKINETICS; TOXICODYNAMICS ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; MALE FISCHER-344 RATS; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; OLD RATS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FEMALE RATS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; BILIARY-EXCRETION RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 282 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0362-1642 J9 ANNU REV PHARMACOL JI Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 31 BP 101 EP 128 PG 28 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FH228 UT WOS:A1991FH22800004 PM 2064370 ER PT J AU DONEGAN, K MATYAC, C SEIDLER, R PORTEOUS, A AF DONEGAN, K MATYAC, C SEIDLER, R PORTEOUS, A TI EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING, RECOVERY, AND ENUMERATION OF BACTERIA APPLIED TO THE PHYLLOPLANE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION-ACTIVE BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; POPULATIONS; PLANTS AB Determining the fate and survival of genetically engineered microorganisms released into the environment requires the development and application of accurate and practical methods of detection and enumeration. Several experiments were performed to examine quantitative recovery methods that are commonly used or that have potential applications. In these experiments, Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter cloacae were applied in greenhouses to Blue Lake bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Cayuse oats (Avena sativa). Sampling indicated that the variance in bacterial counts among leaves increased over time and that this increase caused an overestimation of the mean population size by bulk leaf samples relative to single leaf samples. An increase in the number of leaves in a bulk sample, above a minimum number, did not significantly reduce the variance between samples. Experiments evaluating recovery methods demonstrated that recovery of bacteria from leaves was significantly better with stomacher blending, than with blending, sonication, or washing and that the recovery efficiency was constant over a range of sample inoculum densities. Delayed processing of leaf samples, by storage in a freezer, did not significantly lower survival and revovery of microorganisms when storage was short term and leaves were not stored in buffer. The drop plate technique for enumeration of bacteria did not significantly differ from the spread plate method. Results of these sampling, recovery, and enumeration experiments indicate a need for increased development and standardization of methods used by researchers as there are significant differences among, and also important limitations to, some of the methods used. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP DONEGAN, K (reprint author), NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ER206 UT WOS:A1991ER20600008 PM 16348404 ER PT B AU BARE, JC GAGE, CL RADERMACHER, R JUNG, D AF BARE, JC GAGE, CL RADERMACHER, R JUNG, D BE Geshwiler, M TI SIMULATION OF NONAZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANT MIXTURES FOR USE IN A DUAL-CIRCUIT REFRIGERATOR-FREEZER WITH COUNTERCURRENT HEAT-EXCHANGERS SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1991, VOL 97, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1991 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JUN 22-26, 1991 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,STRATOSPHER OZONE PROTECT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1991 VL 97 BP 447 EP 454 PN 2 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA38Y UT WOS:A1991BA38Y00056 ER PT B AU THOMPSON, RS AF THOMPSON, RS BE Geshwiler, M TI CONCENTRATIONS FROM ABOVE-ROOF RELEASES OF LABORATORY EXHAUSTS - A WIND-TUNNEL STUDY SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1991, VOL 97, PT 2 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1991 Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JUN 22-26, 1991 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1991 VL 97 BP 562 EP 572 PN 2 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA38Y UT WOS:A1991BA38Y00069 ER PT J AU ANLAUF, KG WIEBE, HA TUAZON, EC WINER, AM MACKAY, GI SCHIFF, HI ELLESTAD, TG KNAPP, KT AF ANLAUF, KG WIEBE, HA TUAZON, EC WINER, AM MACKAY, GI SCHIFF, HI ELLESTAD, TG KNAPP, KT TI INTERCOMPARISON OF ATMOSPHERIC NITRIC-ACID MEASUREMENTS AT ELEVATED AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE DENNDER DIFFERENCE METHODS; FILTER PACKS; TRANSITION FLOW REACTOR; FOURIER TRANSFORM IR SPECTROSCOPY AB Several methods for measurement of ambient HNO3 were compared over a 9-day period during the Carbonaceous Species Methods Comparison Study at Glendora, California, in August 1986. Hourly averaged HNO3 concentrations were in the range 0.5-25 ppbv, with hourly maxima each day in excess of 15 ppbv. The measurement methods included absorption by a nylon filter in an open-face filter pack (FP), a transition flow reactor tube (TFR) in conjunction with a nylon filter, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The latter method was chosen as the common method for comparison of the daytime HNO3 measurements (night-time concentrations were below the 4 ppbv detection limit of the FT-IR). Comparing the mean daytime HNO3 mixing ratios, the 1-h FP method yielded 13.9 ppbv (vs 12.9 for FT-IR), the 1-h TDLAS was 11.7 ppbv (vs 13.2 for FT-IR) and the 12-h TFR was 11.4 ppbv (vs 12.0 for FT-IR). For the night-time periods, the means of the 2-h FP and the 12-h TFR were 1.2 and 0.95 ppbv, respectively. These measured means were within the uncertainities of the methods. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNISEARCH ASSOCIATES INC,CONCORD L4K 1B5,ONTARIO,CANADA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ANLAUF, KG (reprint author), ENVIRONM CANADA,ATOMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,4905 DUFFERIN ST,TORONTO M3H 5T4,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 2 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90310-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EZ975 UT WOS:A1991EZ97500020 ER PT J AU KAMENS, R LEE, CT WIENER, R LEITH, D AF KAMENS, R LEE, CT WIENER, R LEITH, D TI A STUDY TO CHARACTERIZE INDOOR PARTICLES IN 3 NONSMOKING HOMES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE PARTICLES; INDOORS; NONSMOKING; CHARACTERIZATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SOURCES AB Aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions in three middle income homes were characterized over a three day period. Occupants of the homes were non-smokers. A single central sampling location between the kitchen and dining room areas was used in each of the homes. Thirty-seven and 47 mm prototype personal sampling inlets were collocated with two fixed PM10 dichotomous ambient samplers to determine the average concentration of particulate mass during daytime and evening-early morning sampling periods. Particulate concentrations in the three homes ranged from 14 to 42-mu-g m-3. On average, 37% of the particle mass was collected in a fine (2.5-mu-m aerodynamic diameter or below) fraction, 26% was observed in a coarse fraction between 2.5 and 10-mu-m, and 37% was found in a fraction greater than 10-mu-m. Particle concentrations obtained with prototype personal samplers compared reasonably well to those obtained with 10-mu-m ambient air dichotomous samplers. Aerosol size information obtained from automated aerosol instruments suggests that the most significant event for generating small particles in all of the households was cooking. Household vacuum sweeping was the most significant large particle generating event. Electron photomicrographs indicated that particles below 1-mu-m dominate the particle size-number distribution. Biological and mineral based particles predominantly make up the 2.5-10-mu-m size range. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KAMENS, R (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 9 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90136-U PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FF359 UT WOS:A1991FF35900011 ER PT J AU HUBER, AH ARYA, SP RAJALA, SA BOREK, JW AF HUBER, AH ARYA, SP RAJALA, SA BOREK, JW TI PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF VIDEO IMAGES OF SMOKE DISPERSION IN THE NEAR WAKE OF A MODEL-BUILDING SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON WIND AND WATER TUNNEL MODELLING OF ATMOSPHERIC FLOW AND DISPERSION CY OCT 03-05, 1988 CL UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST HYDROL & WASSERWIRTSCH, KARLSRUHE, FED REP GER HO UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST HYDROL & WASSERWIRTSCH DE VIDEO IMAGE PROCESSING; BUILDING WAKE EFFECTS; WIND TUNNEL MODEL AB A summary of analyses of video images of smoke in a wind tunnel study of dispersion in the near wake of a model building is presented. The analyses provide information on both the instantaneous and time-average patterns of dispersion. Since the images represent vertically-integrated or crosswind-integrated smoke concentration, only the primary spatial and temporal scales of pollutant dispersion can be examined. Special graphic displays of the results are presented to assist in the data interpretation. The video image format is shown to have great potential as an easily quantifiable electronic medium for studying the dispersion of smoke. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HUBER, AH (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1199 EP 1209 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90231-U PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FL914 UT WOS:A1991FL91400009 ER PT J AU LEE, JT CALL, DL LAWSON, RE CLEMENTS, WE HOARD, DE AF LEE, JT CALL, DL LAWSON, RE CLEMENTS, WE HOARD, DE TI A VIDEO IMAGE-ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS AND FLOW VISUALIZATION IN BUILDING WAKES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON WIND AND WATER TUNNEL MODELLING OF ATMOSPHERIC FLOW AND DISPERSION CY OCT 03-05, 1988 CL UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST HYDROL & WASSERWIRTSCH, KARLSRUHE, FED REP GER HO UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST HYDROL & WASSERWIRTSCH DE BUILDING WAKES; DISPERSION IN BUILDING WAKES; FLOW VISUALIZATION; VIDEO IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; WIND TUNNEL MODELING AB A video image analysis technique for concentration measurements and flow visualization was developed for the study of diffusion in building wakes and other wind tunnel flows. Smoke injected into the flow was photographed from above with a video camera, and the video signal was digitized in real time during the experiment and during playback with a video image analysis system. The relation between the digitized smoke intensity and the vertically-integrated concentration of smoke particles was obtained from calibration experiments in which the smoke was replaced by a mixture of ethane and air. The time-averaged vertically-integrated concentration of the ethane tracer was measured at discrete points throughout the flow field and correlated with the time-averaged smoke intensity data. After the system was calibrated, the instantaneous and time-averaged fields of vertically-integrated concentration were obtained by simply photographing the smoke plume. Color-contoured images of the plume were created and displayed in real time thus creating a pseudo-color movie that was very useful for flow visualization. This technique was used to study the effects of building geometry and source location on the concentration and flow patterns in building wakes. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,DIV SPACE SCI & TECHNOL,DATA ANAL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. US EPA,FLUID MODELING FACIL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LEE, JT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,GEOANAL GRP,MS-D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90232-V PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FL914 UT WOS:A1991FL91400010 ER PT J AU HUBER, AH AF HUBER, AH TI WIND-TUNNEL AND GAUSSIAN PLUME MODELING OF BUILDING WAKE DISPERSION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON WIND AND WATER TUNNEL MODELLING OF ATMOSPHERIC FLOW AND DISPERSION CY OCT 03-05, 1988 CL UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST HYDROL & WASSERWIRTSCH, KARLSRUHE, FED REP GER HO UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST HYDROL & WASSERWIRTSCH DE BUILDING WAKE POLLUTION DISPERSION; GAUSSIAN PLUME MODELS; WIND TUNNEL MODELING; AIR QUALITY MODELS AB This paper summarizes a study of the relationship between Gaussian plume models and wind tunnel models. Wind tunnel measurements of the distribution of tracer concentrations downwind of a point source in the near wake of a rectangular model building were evaluated. Profiles of mean velocity and turbulence were measured to characterize the flow. These experiments were conducted in both a low-turbulence boundary layer and a simulated atmospheric boundary layer. The study covered a range of four flow speeds and four different sized buildings. The differences in observed velocity and concentrations between the results for the low-turbulence and simulated atmospheric boundary layer flow were not significant very near the building, but these differences increased in significance at downstream distances greater-than 10 times the building height. The transition from building-affected dispersion levels to levels that were not significantly different from dispersion without a building was a function of the size of the building. The application of a modified Gaussian plume model showed it to be a simple, well suited complement to wind tunnel measurements of mean concentrations. RP HUBER, AH (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1237 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90234-X PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FL914 UT WOS:A1991FL91400012 ER PT J AU SNYDER, WH KHURSHUDYAN, LH NEKRASOV, IV LAWSON, RE THOMPSON, RS AF SNYDER, WH KHURSHUDYAN, LH NEKRASOV, IV LAWSON, RE THOMPSON, RS TI FLOW AND DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS WITHIN 2-DIMENSIONAL VALLEYS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; VALLEYS; WIND TUNNEL MODELING; AIR POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER ID DISTURBED BOUNDARY-LAYER; COMPLEX TERRAIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL HILLS; SOURCES DOWNWIND; POINT-SOURCE; WIND-TUNNEL; DIFFUSION; RIDGE; MODEL AB Wind tunnel experiments and a theoretical model concerning the flow structure and pollutant diffusion over two-dimensional valleys of varying aspect ratio are described and compared. Three model valleys were used, having small, medium, and steep slopes. Measurements of mean and turbulent velocity fields were made upstream, within and downwind of each of these valleys. Concentration distributions were measured downwind of tracer sources placed at an array of locations within each of the valleys. The data are displayed as maps of terrain amplification factors, defined as the ratios of maximum ground-level concentrations in the presence of the valleys to the maxima observed from sources of the same height located in flat terrain. Maps are also provided showing the distance to locations of the maximum ground-level concentrations. The concentration patterns are interpreted in terms of the detailed flow structure measured in the valleys. These data were also compared with results of a mathematical model for treating flow and dispersion over two-dimensional complex terrain. This model used the wind tunnel measurements to generate mean flow fields and eddy diffusivities, and these were applied in the numerical solution of the diffusion equation. Measured concentration fields were predicted reasonably well by this model for the valley of small slope and somewhat less well for the valley of medium slope. Because flow separation was observed within the steepest valley, the model was not applied in this case. C1 MAIN GEOPHYS OBSERV,LENINGRAD,USSR. MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,INST MECH,MOSCOW,USSR. RP SNYDER, WH (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1347 EP 1375 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90245-3 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FL914 UT WOS:A1991FL91400023 ER PT J AU BOHM, M MCCUNE, B VANDETTA, T AF BOHM, M MCCUNE, B VANDETTA, T TI DIURNAL CURVES OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE CONIFEROUS FORESTS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS ID RURAL-AREAS; GROWTH; DEPOSITION AB Diurnal curves of tropospheric ozone are characterized for the areas near coniferous forests in the western U.S. A given day of hourly data can be placed into one of 17 classes of diurnal curves simply by knowing the 24-h mean and coefficient of variation or range, or more precisely, by applying equations derived from our discriminant analysis. The variation among curves is shown to be related to theory of ozone formation, scavenging, and transport. Season, latitude, and position relative to source areas affect the form of the diurnal curve. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEN SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP BOHM, M (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WESTERN CONIFERS RES COOPERAT,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1577 EP 1590 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90016-Z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FP764 UT WOS:A1991FP76400016 ER PT J AU VANDOP, H DENNIS, RL HUNT, JCR KALLOS, G MCBEAN, G OKE, TR SCHIERMEIER, FA SHANNON, JD AF VANDOP, H DENNIS, RL HUNT, JCR KALLOS, G MCBEAN, G OKE, TR SCHIERMEIER, FA SHANNON, JD TI 18TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF NATO-CCMS ON AIR-POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELLING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW,ENGLAND. UNIV ATHENS,DEPT APPL PHYS,METEOROL LAB,GR-10680 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT GEOG,VANCOUVER V6T JW5,BC,CANADA. US EPA,DIV METEOROL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP VANDOP, H (reprint author), WORLD METEOROL ORG,CASE POSTALE 2300,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1730 EP 1732 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FP764 UT WOS:A1991FP76400032 ER PT J AU TURNER, DB BENDER, LW PAUMIER, JO BOONE, PF AF TURNER, DB BENDER, LW PAUMIER, JO BOONE, PF TI EVALUATION OF THE TUPOS AIR-QUALITY DISPERSION MODEL USING DATA FROM THE EPRI KINCAID FIELD-STUDY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE RURAL AIR POLLUTION MODELS; MODEL EVALUATION; MODEL PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION; TUPOS MODEL ID LAYER AB Data from SF6 tracer studies conducted at the Kincaid power plant in central Illinois by the Electric Power Research Institute in 1980 and 1981 have been used to evaluate the TUPOS air quality dispersion model. Most of the 96 h data are from periods representing daytime convective conditions when the impact of an elevated buoyant source would be expected to be greatest at ground level. Since on the order of 200 tracer measurement stations on four to six arcs were in operation during each hour of the study, a reasonable estimate of the maximum concentration along each arc could be made. The maximum concentration on each arc was the principal value used for purposes of comparing tracer measurements with model estimates. In addition to making comparisons between tracer and TUPOS estimates, comparisons were also made using the regulatory model MPTER. Although the means of residuals (model concentration minus tracer concentration) from the hourly maxima are both negative, TUPOS with a mean residual of -32.6 ppt (parts per trillion) shows improvement over MPTER with a mean residual of -50.3 ppt. Tracer concentrations show 4 hourly maxima exceed 500 ppt. TUPOS estimates 3 and MPTER estimates 2 concentrations above 500 ppt. The performance results were used to suggest further changes to the TUPOS model. These consisted primarily of determining the fluctuation statistics and wind speed and direction for a height midway between effective plume height and ground level rather than at plume height. These changes were implemented and shown to provide improvement when tested on the dependent data set used to evaluate the original model. The mean of the residuals for hourly maxima for the REVISED TUPOS is -0.2 ppt showing a shift to almost no bias. The REVISED TUPOS estimates 5 hourly maxima exceeding 500 ppt. Although the significance of the results for the revised model are not as great as they would be if an independent data set were used, these results are still useful in indicating the proper direction of changes to be made that can improve modeling. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2187 EP 2201 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GB566 UT WOS:A1991GB56600011 ER PT J AU SNYDER, WH LAWSON, RE AF SNYDER, WH LAWSON, RE TI FLUID MODELING SIMULATION OF STACK-TIP DOWNWASH FOR NEUTRALLY BUOYANT PLUMES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE STACK-TIP DOWNWASH; ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION; WIND-TUNNEL MODELING; AIR POLLUTION AB Downwash of neutrally buoyant effluent on the immediate lee side of a circular stack was modeled using a wind-tunnel simulation. Both subcritical and supercritical turbulent flows were simulated, where the criticality refers to Reynolds numbers below and above the critical Reynolds number, Re(c) (congruent-to 2 x 10(5)), where the boundary layer on the cylinder becomes turbulent and the drag coefficient drops sharply. Subcritical Reynolds numbers are typically attained by small-diameter stacks in relatively light winds; supercritical ones are attained by large-diameter stacks in strong winds. The downwash characteristics differ markedly in the two regimes. In the subcritical regime, downwash begins when the ratio of effluent speed to wind speed (W/U) is about 1.5; in the supercritical regime, downwash begins at W/U congruent-to 1.1. The downwash in the immediate lee of the stack at W/U = 0.3 extends to 7 diameters down from the stack top in the subcritical regime and to 4 diameters down in the supercritical regime. Graphs and simple formulas are presented describing the plume trajectories and plume widths for 0.4 less-than-or-equal-to W/U less-than-or-equal-to 2.0 and for downwind distances from the source to 30 stack diameters. Practical recommendations are made for modeling the downwash of neutrally buoyant plumes. C1 NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RP SNYDER, WH (reprint author), US EPA, ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2837 EP 2850 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90209-P PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GN034 UT WOS:A1991GN03400015 ER PT J AU COHEN, MA RYAN, PB SPENGLER, JD OZKAYNAK, H HAYES, C AF COHEN, MA RYAN, PB SPENGLER, JD OZKAYNAK, H HAYES, C TI SOURCE RECEPTOR STUDY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AND PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE KANAWHA VALLEY, WV .1. METHODS AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE KANAWHA VALLEY; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PARTICULATE MATTER; METHODOLOGY; DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ID AMBIENT AIR AB The Kanawha Valley of West Virginia is a highly industrialized region stretching 100 km from Alloy in the southeast to Nitro in the north. The valley which contains the state capital, Charleston, has a population of approximately 250,000 and is noted for its chemical manufacturing industry. The valley itself is narrow and steeply-walled. The combination of topography, local meteorological conditions, and the chemical industry potentiate elevated concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted within the region. An integrated approach designed to assess pollutant exposure in this region was implemented between April 1987 and March 1988. Data were collected simultaneously on volatile organic compound concentrations, particle pH, inorganic gases, and meteorological parameters. Data were collected using a mobile van sampling platform at one of the three within-valley sites for 15 days each month. A discussion of sampling methodology and statistics describing pollutant concentrations are presented in this paper. Concentrations of most pollutants were found to be in agreement with those found by other researchers, except during a period when a forest fire influenced the air quality. The results suggest that multivariate relationships may be found that will be useful in source identification. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,CTR ENERGY & ENVIRONM POLICY,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(91)90042-D PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GE272 UT WOS:A1991GE27200007 ER PT J AU COHEN, MA RYAN, PB SPENGLER, JD OZKAYNAK, H HAYES, C AF COHEN, MA RYAN, PB SPENGLER, JD OZKAYNAK, H HAYES, C TI SOURCE RECEPTOR STUDY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AND PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE KANAWHA VALLEY, WV .2. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO VOC AND PARTICLE EXPOSURES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE KANAWHA VALLEY; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PARTICULATE MATTER; FACTOR ANALYSIS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION ID SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; AMBIENT AIR; EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE; POLLUTION; VEHICLES; AEROSOLS; MODELS AB The Kanawha Valley region of West Virginia includes a deep river valley with a large population living in close proximity to many potential sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The valley runs approximately 100 km from Alloy to Nitro and is between 100 and 200 m deep. Nearly 250,000 people live in this section of the valley, which includes the state capital of Charleston. Many large chemical manufacturing, transportation, and storage facilities are also located within the valley's walls. The topography, population density, and locations of sources dictate the possibility of high population exposures. To investigate exposures to VOCs emitted by the local industry, simultaneous measurements of 19 VOCs, particle pH, particle elemental composition, inorganic gases, and meterological parameters were collected over an entire year. With the use of a mobile van, sampling was performed in the valley at three sites. Samples were collected for 15 days per month for 4 months at each site. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in an effort to resolve source contributions. Results of factor analyses suggest auto-related sources, transported aerosol, chlorinated organic sources as well as site-specific sources and a single incident source-a forest fire. The techniques employed suggest that inclusion of VOC measurements increase the ability of such studies to identify pollutant sources. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,CTR ENERGY & ENVIRONM POLICY,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009 NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(91)90043-E PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GE272 UT WOS:A1991GE27200008 ER PT J AU WALDMAN, JM LIOY, PJ ZELENKA, M JING, L LIN, YN HE, QC QIAN, ZM CHAPMAN, R WILSON, WE AF WALDMAN, JM LIOY, PJ ZELENKA, M JING, L LIN, YN HE, QC QIAN, ZM CHAPMAN, R WILSON, WE TI WINTERTIME MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL ACIDITY AND TRACE-ELEMENTS IN WUHAN, A CITY IN CENTRAL CHINA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE AEROSOL ACIDITY; TRACE ELEMENTS; EMISSIONS ID TEMPORAL PATTERNS; AMMONIUM; CITIES; FINE AB A 2-week intensive ambient aerosol study was conducted in December 1988 in Wuhan (Hubei Province), a city of nearly 2 million located on the Yangtze River in central China (P.R.C.). This is an industrial region where soft coal burning is widespread, and emission controls for vehicles and industrial facilities are minimal. The sampling site was located in one of the civic centers where residential and commercial density is highest. An Andersen dichotomous sampler was operated with Teflon membrane filters to collect fine (d(p) < 2.5-mu-mad) and coarse (2.5 less-than-or-equal-to d(p) < 10-mu-mad) particles for total mass and element determinations. An annular denuder system (ADS) was used to collect fine fraction aerosols for analyses of ionic species including strong acidity (H+). The study was conducted between 18 and 30 December, which was rainless, consistently cool (3-10-degrees-C) and overcast, but without fog or acute stagnation. Fine particulate mass (PM, as mu-g m-3) averaged 139 (range 54-207); coarse PM averaged 86 (range 29-179). Trace element concentrations were also high. Crustal elements (Si, Al, Ca and Fe) were found primarily in the coarse fraction, while elements associated with combustion (S, K, Cl, Zn and Se) were enriched in the fine fraction. The concentrations of arsenic and selenium were evidence of a large source of coal burning, while vanadium levels (associated with fuel oil use) were not especially enriched. Despite the seemingly high PM loadings, ionic concentrations were not especially high. The average composition of soluble fine aerosol species (in neq m-3) were SO42-: 520 (range 180-980), NO3-: 225 (range 50-470), Cl-: 215 (range 20-640), and NH4+: 760 (range 280-1660). A deficit in accountable FP components (total mass compared to the total of ionic plus element masses) as well as the black appearance of collected materials indicate an abundance of carbonaceous aerosol, as high as 100-mu-g m-3. Aerosol acidity was negligible during most monitoring periods, H+: 14 (range 0-50 neq m-3, equivalent to 0-2.5-mu-g m-3 as H2SO4). Sulfur dioxide, measured by the West-Gaeke method for part of the study, concentrations were low. Although not directly measured, the aerosol measurements suggested that gaseous HCl (from refuse incineration) and NH3 (animal wastes) concentrations might have been high. Higher aerosol acidity might be expected if HCl sources were more prominent and not neutralized by local ammonia or other base components. C1 WUHAN ENVIRONM PROTECT INST,WUHAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. CHINA NATL ENVIRONM MONITORING CTR,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP WALDMAN, JM (reprint author), UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854, USA. RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(91)90045-G PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GE272 UT WOS:A1991GE27200010 ER PT J AU CHUANG, JC MACK, GA KUHLMAN, MR WILSON, NK AF CHUANG, JC MACK, GA KUHLMAN, MR WILSON, NK TI POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR IN AN 8-HOME STUDY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE INDOOR AIR; PAH; NO2-PAH; OXYGENATED PAH; GC/MS; ANALYSIS ID TOBACCO-SMOKE; XAD-2 RESIN; NICOTINE; MUTAGENICITY; COLLECTION; POLLUTANTS; SAMPLER; NOX AB A pilot field study was performed in Columbus, OH, during the winter of 1986/1987. The objectives were to determine the feasibility of the use of a newly developed quiet sampler in indoor air sampling for particles and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) and to measure the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), PAH derivatives, and nicotine in air in selected residences. Eight homes were chosen for sampling on the basis of these characteristics: electric/gas heating system, electric/gas cooking appliances, and the absence/presence of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The indoor sampler was equipped with a quartz-fiber filter to collect particles followed by XAD-4 resin to trap SVOC. A PS-1 sampler with a similar sampling module was used outdoors. The indoor air was sampled in the kitchen and living room areas over two consecutive 8-h periods. The outdoor air was sampled concurrently with the indoor samples over a 16-h period. Fifteen PAH, five nitro-PAH, five oxygenated PAH, and three nitrogen heterocyclic compounds were determined in these samples. The most abundant PAH found indoors was naphthalene. The indoor concentrations of PAH derivatives were lower than those of their parent compounds. Average concentrations of all but three target compounds (naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, pyrene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and 2-nitrofluoranthene) were higher indoors, than outdoors. Environmental tobacco smoke was the most significant influence on indoor pollutant levels. Homes with gas heating systems had higher indoor pollutant levels than homes with electric heating systems. However, the true effects of heating and cooking systems were not characterized as accurately as the effects of ETS because of the small sample sizes and the lack of statistical significance for most pollutant differences in the absence of ETS. The concentrations of PAH marker compounds (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) correlated well with the concentrations of other target compounds. Quinoline and isoquinoline can be used to indicate indoor levels of ETS. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHUANG, JC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 28 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(91)90008-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HB588 UT WOS:A1991HB58800008 ER PT B AU MCKIM, JM SCHMIEDER, PK AF MCKIM, JM SCHMIEDER, PK BE NAGEL, R LOSKILL, R TI BIOACCUMULATION - DOES IT REFLECT TOXICITY SO BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ASSESSMENT OF BIOACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS CY DEC 06-07, 1990 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP UMWELTBUNDESAMT RP MCKIM, JM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DILUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU V C H PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 3-527-28395-1 PY 1991 BP 161 EP 188 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BV36N UT WOS:A1991BV36N00009 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE AF BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE TI THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE DURING ELECTRIC-FIELD-INDUCED AND MAGNETIC-FIELD-INDUCED ALTERATION OF CALCIUM-ION RELEASE FROM INVITRO BRAIN-TISSUE SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELF; ELECTRIC; MAGNETIC; AVIAN TISSUE ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; CEREBRAL TISSUE; EFFLUX; FREQUENCY; INDUCTION; HZ AB A technique based on release of calcium ions from in vitro preparations of avian brain tissues has been used by several investigators to demonstrate a biological effect of weak electric and magnetic fields. When the tissues have been exposed to ELF-modulated, VHF or UHF fields, enhanced release of calcium ions has resulted. In contrast, when the tissues have been exposed directly to an ELF field, outcomes have differed. Both inhibition and enhancement in release of calcium ions have been reported. We now find that either outcome-or a null result-is possible, depending on the temperature of tissue samples before and during exposure. Avian-brain tissues were exposed to 16-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields at 14.1 V(rms/m (in air) and 64 nT(rms). During 20-min exposures, as tissue-sample temperature rose by 0.7 to 2.5-degrees-C to a final temperature of 35, 36, or 37, but not of 38 or 39-degrees-C, an enhanced release of ions was observed. When the temperature was stable during exposure (i.e., constant within +/- 0.3-degrees-C) at a final value of 36 or 37, but not of 35 or 38-degrees-C, the quantity of ions released was reduced. And when descending by 0.7 to 1.5-degrees-C to any final temperature from 35 to 38-degrees-C, a null result occurred. These findings may reconcile the apparent disagreement in the direction of a field-induced response, and they may explain why experimental outcomes have been difficult to confirm in some laboratories. Of greater importance, the findings may also provide insight into the mechanism of the field-induced phenomenon. RP BLACKMAN, CF (reprint author), US EPA,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1002/bem.2250120305 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA FM271 UT WOS:A1991FM27100004 PM 1854354 ER PT J AU SMITH, JB AF SMITH, JB TI THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GREAT-LAKES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Global climate change could have a significant impact on the Great Lakes. A number of studies of the potential effects of climate change on the Great Lakes were commissioned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, using common scenarios of global warming derived mainly from general circulation models. These studies found that a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere could eventually lower Great Lakes water levels by 0.5 to 2.5m; reduce ice cover by 1 to 2 1/2 months; lengthen shipping seasons while increasing shipping and dredging costs; reduce dissolved oxygen levels in shallow lake basins; and increase fish productivity. Measures should be taken in the near future to anticipate many of these impacts and mitigate their effects or avoid costly political issues. RP SMITH, JB (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<0021:TPIOCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EY148 UT WOS:A1991EY14800002 ER PT J AU HURST, CJ AF HURST, CJ TI PRESENCE OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN FRESH-WATER AND THEIR REMOVAL BY THE CONVENTIONAL DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT PROCESS SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Review ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; VIROLOGICAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT-PLANT; POLLUTED WATER; SURFACE-WATER; COLIPHAGES; ENTEROVIRUSES; SYSTEMS; SEWAGE; RIVER AB A review of results published in English or French between 1980 and 1990 was carried out to determine the levels of indigenous human enteric viruses in untreated surface and subsurface freshwaters, as well as in drinking water that had undergone the complete conventional treatment process. For this purpose, the conventional treatment process was defined as an operation that included coagulation followed by sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Also assessed was the stepwise efficiency of the conventional treatment process, as practised at full-scale facilities, for removing indigenous viruses from naturally occurring freshwaters. A list was compiled of statistical correlations relating to the occurrence of indigenous viruses in water. RP HURST, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR W,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FL531 UT WOS:A1991FL53100013 PM 1647273 ER PT J AU BALL, LM RAFTER, JJ GUSTAFSSON, JA GUSTAFSSON, BE KOHAN, MJ LEWTAS, J AF BALL, LM RAFTER, JJ GUSTAFSSON, JA GUSTAFSSON, BE KOHAN, MJ LEWTAS, J TI FORMATION OF MUTAGENIC URINARY METABOLITES FROM 1-NITROPYRENE IN GERM-FREE AND CONVENTIONAL RATS - ROLE OF THE GUT FLORA SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CARCINOGEN 1-NITROPYRENE; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; PARTICULATE MATTER; REDUCTION; BACTERIA; INVIVO; 1-AMINOPYRENE; EXCRETION AB 1-Nitropyrene (NP), an environmental pollutant, a potent mutagen and an animal carcinogen, undergoes reduction, acetylation, ring-hydroxylation and conjugation in the rat in vivo to form mutagenic metabolites which are excreted in the urine. In order to investigate the role of the gut flora in the generation of these metabolites, germ-free rats of the AGUS strain, and conventional AGUS rats matched for sex and age, were injected i.p. with NP labelled with C-14. The germ-free rats excreted significantly less of the dose in urine than did the conventional rats. When urines were examined for mutagenicity with the Ames plate incorporation assay, the highest mutagenic activity was seen in the presence of S9 in 8-24 h urine from conventional rats. The conventional urines exceeded the germ-fre urines by 10-fold in their content of 6-hydroxy-1-acetamidopyrene (NAAP-6-OH), previously identified as the predominant contributor to the mutagenicity of the urines of rats dosed with NP and excreted mainly as its beta-glucuronide conjugate. Conventional Charles River CD rats treated orally with D-glucaro-1,4-lactone, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase activity, excreted somewhat less NP-derived C-14 in their urines over 48 h than did matched untreated rats, and their 8-24 h urines contained less than half as much of the mutagenic NAAP-6-OH as was found in the urines of the control rats. These results indicate that the gut flora are necessarily involved in the formation of NAAP-6-OH, and that both nitroreduction and the hydrolysis of glucuronides released for enterhepatic recirculation are essential in generating mutagenic metabolites from NP. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. KAROLINSKA INST,HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP,DEPT MED NUTR,S-14186 HUDDINGE,SWEDEN. KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT GERM FREE RES,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. RI Rafter, Joseph/L-6049-2014 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JAN PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1093/carcin/12.1.1 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA EU656 UT WOS:A1991EU65600001 PM 1988167 ER PT J AU NICKELSEN, MG NWEKE, A SCULLY, FE RINGHAND, HP AF NICKELSEN, MG NWEKE, A SCULLY, FE RINGHAND, HP TI REACTIONS OF AQUEOUS CHLORINE INVITRO IN STOMACH FLUID FROM THE RAT - CHLORINATION OF TYROSINE SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; N-CHLORAMINES; WASTE-WATER; PRODUCTS AB Aqueous chlorine reacts with tyrosine to form ring-chlorinated products. Ring substitution occurs at Cl:tyrosine mole ratios greater than 1. Because the nitrogen function of amides is much less reactive than that of amines, the aromatic ring of N-acetyltyrosine is chlorinated at chlorine:substrate mole ratios less than 1. When an aqueous solution of the gastric protein pepsin was chlorinated (37-degrees-C, 45 min), tyrosine residues were chlorinated at pH 2 but not at pH 8. The carbohydrate, protein, and chloride concentrations in stomach fluid from fasted rats were determined. When varying concentrations of aqueous chlorine (20-180 mg/L Cl2) were added to the stomach fluid at pH 2, tyrosine residues were mono - and dichlorinated on the aromatic ring. The amount of mono- to dichlorination products varied with the concentration of aqueous chlorine. A mechanism is proposed. The implications for toxicological studies involving chlorinated drinking water are discussed. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,NORFOLK,VA 23529. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1021/tx00019a013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA EV687 UT WOS:A1991EV68700013 PM 1912306 ER PT B AU WEIS, CP LAVELLE, JM AF WEIS, CP LAVELLE, JM BE BERRY, MR ELIAS, RW TI CHARACTERISTICS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING AN ANIMAL-MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF LEAD BIOAVAILABILITY SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY, VOL 3, NOS 3-4, DECEMBER 1991: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY AND DIETARY EXPOSURE OF LEAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY AND DIETARY EXPOSURE OF LEAD CY SEP 24-27, 1990 CL CHAPEL HILL, NC SP UN ENVIRONM PROGRAM, SOC ENVIRONM GEOCHEM & HLTH RP WEIS, CP (reprint author), US EPA,REG 8,999 18TH ST,SUITE 500,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA NORTHWOOD BN 0-946682-10-0 PY 1991 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BV64D UT WOS:A1991BV64D00016 ER PT B AU COHEN, J MARCUS, A ELIAS, R AF COHEN, J MARCUS, A ELIAS, R BE BERRY, MR ELIAS, RW TI ESTIMATING CHILDHOOD MULTIMEDIA LEAD-EXPOSURE - EXPANDED EXPOSURE UPTAKE BIOKINETIC MODEL SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY, VOL 3, NOS 3-4, DECEMBER 1991: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY AND DIETARY EXPOSURE OF LEAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY AND DIETARY EXPOSURE OF LEAD CY SEP 24-27, 1990 CL CHAPEL HILL, NC SP UN ENVIRONM PROGRAM, SOC ENVIRONM GEOCHEM & HLTH RP COHEN, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,WH-550,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA NORTHWOOD BN 0-946682-10-0 PY 1991 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BV64D UT WOS:A1991BV64D00023 ER PT B AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP BE BUTTERWORTH, BE SLAGA, TJ FARLAND, W MCCLAIN, M TI ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE INDUCTION AND DNA DAMAGE AS A PREDICTIVE ASSAY FOR POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY SO CHEMICALLY INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT SE PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON CHEMICALLY INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1989 CL AUSTIN, TX SP HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, AMER IND HLTH, INT LIFE SCI INST, UNIV TEXAS, M D ANDERSON CANC CTR, SCI PARK, RES DIV, AMER PETR INST, DUPONT CO, US EPA, PROCTER & GAMBLE, ROHM & HAAS, SHELL OIL RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS, INC PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-471-56111-8 J9 PROG CLIN BIOL RES JI Prog.Clin.Biol.Res. PY 1991 VL 369 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BU89W UT WOS:A1991BU89W00012 PM 1946513 ER PT B AU CHEN, C FARLAND, W AF CHEN, C FARLAND, W BE BUTTERWORTH, BE SLAGA, TJ FARLAND, W MCCLAIN, M TI INCORPORATING CELL-PROLIFERATION IN QUANTITATIVE CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT - APPROACHES, ISSUES, AND UNCERTAINTIES SO CHEMICALLY INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT SE PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON CHEMICALLY INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1989 CL AUSTIN, TX SP HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, AMER IND HLTH, INT LIFE SCI INST, UNIV TEXAS, M D ANDERSON CANC CTR, SCI PARK, RES DIV, AMER PETR INST, DUPONT CO, US EPA, PROCTER & GAMBLE, ROHM & HAAS, SHELL OIL RP CHEN, C (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS, INC PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-471-56111-8 J9 PROG CLIN BIOL RES JI Prog.Clin.Biol.Res. PY 1991 VL 369 BP 481 EP 499 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BU89W UT WOS:A1991BU89W00041 PM 1946541 ER PT J AU TURNER, DP BAGLIO, JV WONES, AG PROSS, D VONG, R MCVEETY, BD PHILLIPS, DL AF TURNER, DP BAGLIO, JV WONES, AG PROSS, D VONG, R MCVEETY, BD PHILLIPS, DL TI CLIMATE CHANGE AND ISOPRENE EMISSIONS FROM VEGETATION SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OXIDANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INDEX; OZONE; TRANSPIRATION; REFLECTANCE; SENSITIVITY; OXIDATION AB A global model was developed for estimating spatial and temporal patterns in the emission of isoprene from vegetation under the current climate. Results were then used to evaluate potential emissions under doubled-CO2 climate scenarios. Current emissions were estimated on the basis of vegetation type, foliar biomass (derived from the satellite-generated Global Vegetation index), and global databases for air temperature and photoperiod. The model had a monthly time step and the spatial resolution was 0.5 degrees latitude and longitude. Emissions under patterns of precipitation and temperature projected for a doubling of atmospheric CO2 were estimated based on predicted changes in the areal extent of different vegetation types, each having a specific rate of annual isoprene emissions. The global total for current emissions was 285 Tg. The calculated isoprene emissions under a doubled-CO2 climate were about 25% higher than current emissions due mainly to the expansion of tropical humid forests which had the highest annual emission rates. An increase in isoprene emissions would be likely to increase atmospheric concentrations of ozone and methane, which are important greenhouse gases, and thus act as a positive feedback to global warming. Detailed treatment of this question, however, will require incorporation of these emission surfaces into global atmospheric chemistry models. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. US EPA, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. RP TURNER, DP (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 37 EP 56 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90115-T PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GC228 UT WOS:A1991GC22800003 ER PT J AU CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS WILLIAMS, R KREMER, F AF CLAXTON, LD HOUK, VS WILLIAMS, R KREMER, F TI EFFECT OF BIOREMEDIATION ON THE MUTAGENICITY OF OIL SPILLED IN PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND, ALASKA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; ASSAY AB On 24 March 1989 approximately 11 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil spilled into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska ultimately contaminating nearly 1000 miles of shoreline. Approximately 300 miles of contaminated beach were considered amenable to cleanup by bioremediation. To determine whether or not bioremediation would be effective in this geophysical setting and under such climatic conditions and to identify potential deleterious effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted one of the world's largest in situ bioremediation field demonstration research projects. One of the methods used to assess potential health effects associated with this and similar efforts was the examination of mutagenicity associated with the oil spill and the products of bioremediation. Salmonella mutagenicity was assessed using a semi-automated plating device (spiral plater) that requires less sample than the standard assay. Both the Prudhoe Bay crude oil and its weathered counterpart collected from oil-impacted water were weakly mutagenic. The mutagenicity of samples collected from the contaminated beaches (undergoing both enhanced and natural bioremediation) declined over time. C1 US EPA,CTR ENVIRONM RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CLAXTON, LD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5 BP 643 EP 650 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90286-M PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GJ731 UT WOS:A1991GJ73100008 ER PT J AU BAUER, KM STANLEY, JS REMMERS, J BREEN, JJ SCHWEMBERGER, J SCHULTZ, B KANG, HK AF BAUER, KM STANLEY, JS REMMERS, J BREEN, JJ SCHWEMBERGER, J SCHULTZ, B KANG, HK TI PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS OF VA/EPA PCDD AND PCDF DATA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 10-14, 1990 CL BAYREUTH, GERMANY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate, by pattern recognition techniques, the relationships of PCDDs and PCDFs in human adipose tissue among the analytes themselves and with respect to demographic variables (military/civilian status, age, collection year, race, and geographic region). The conclusions of this study provide a multivariate context for the data and strengthen the conclusions obtained in a univariate study (on 2,3,7,8-TCDD) previously conducted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). From a principal component analysis, the result of most interest, based on a set of matched specimens (36 Vietnam veterans, 79 non-Vietnam veterans, and 80 civilians), is that Vietnam veterans in this study do not exhibit higher levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, PCDDs, and PCDFs than the other two groups. Also, cluster analysis of the PCDDs and PCDFs demonstrates that 2,3,7,8-TCDD is not strongly correlated with any of the other analytes, indicating possible differences in exposure routes to these chemicals. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS,OFF ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BAUER, KM (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,425 VOLKER BLVD,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 8-10 BP 971 EP 980 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90124-V PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB104 UT WOS:A1991HB10400002 ER PT J AU REMMERS, J BREEN, JJ GLATZ, JA CANTERBURY, J STEELE, DH STANLEY, JS AF REMMERS, J BREEN, JJ GLATZ, JA CANTERBURY, J STEELE, DH STANLEY, JS TI STATUS OF POLYHALOGENATED DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN DIBENZOFURAN TESTING AND REPORTING UNDER THE TOXIC-SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 10-14, 1990 CL BAYREUTH, GERMANY DE HALOGENATED DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; HALOGENATED DIBENZOFURANS; TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT; PRECURSORS; HEALTH AND SAFETY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), under the authority granted by Sections 4 and 8 of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), has promulgated a testing and reporting Rule that requires manufacturers or importers of eleven chlorinated or brominated chemicals, structurally related to dioxins and furans, to submit analytical testing protocols for approval and carry out testing to determine whether the chemicals contain halogenated dioxins and furans above limits of quantitation set forth in the Rule. Twenty-one submissions, five for chlorinated compounds and 16 for brominated compounds, have been received under this provision of the Rule. Testing data for the chlorinated submissions have been received and have been reviewed by the USEPA. In addition, manufacturers of 29 precursors chemicals are required to submit reports describing the process conditions under which the chemicals are produced. To date, 19 chemical manufacturers have submitted 85 reports covering 93 processes employing 16 of the precursors identified in the Rule. Also, as required by the Rule, existing test data has been submitted for 16 chemicals and health and safety data has been submitted for 48 chemicals. No submissions of worker allegations of adverse health effects have been received. C1 MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. RP REMMERS, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 8-10 BP 1125 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90137-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB104 UT WOS:A1991HB10400015 ER PT J AU STANLEY, JS CRAMER, PH THORNBURG, KR REMMERS, JC BREEN, JJ SCHWEMBERGER, J AF STANLEY, JS CRAMER, PH THORNBURG, KR REMMERS, JC BREEN, JJ SCHWEMBERGER, J TI MASS-SPECTRAL CONFIRMATION OF CHLORINATED AND BROMINATED DIPHENYLETHERS IN HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 10-14, 1990 CL BAYREUTH, GERMANY ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; FLAME RETARDANTS; P-DIOXINS; ETHERS; POLLUTANTS; FISH AB This study has resulted in the detection and confirmation of polyhalogenated diphenylethers (PHDPEs) in human adipose tissues. The PHDPEs are commercially produced as brominated fire retardants and are known contaminants in some other commercial products, e.g., pentachlorophenol. The samples analyzed were selected from composites of the fiscal year 1987 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (FY87 NHATS) repository. Identification of the PHDPEs was based on comparison of full scan mass spectra of the samples to the available standards, application of SIM techniques to compare theoretical ion ratios to observed ion ratios for characteristic ions, and measurement of fragment losses from the molecular ion clusters. Estimated concentrations were achieved through comparison of responses from the analysis of a PCDPE standard solution, the results of the analysis of two commercial fire retardants and the analysis of a decabromodiphenylether standard. All samples were found to contain detectable levels of the PHDPEs. The response profiles or patterns for both the chlorinated and brominated diphenylethers were consistent across all samples. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP STANLEY, JS (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,425 VOLKER BLVD,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. NR 19 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 8-10 BP 1185 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90143-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB104 UT WOS:A1991HB10400021 ER PT J AU PERDEK, JM FREESTONE, FJ SANDIFER, D SHERMAN, A AF PERDEK, JM FREESTONE, FJ SANDIFER, D SHERMAN, A TI CLOSURE OF A DIOXIN INCINERATION FACILITY SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 10-14, 1990 CL BAYREUTH, GERMANY DE CLOSURE; DECONTAMINATION; INCINERATION; DIOXIN AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mobile Incineration System, which was operated at the Denney Farm site in southwestern Missouri between October 1985 and June 1989, treated almost six million kilograms of dioxin-contaminated wastes from eight area sites. At the conclusion of operations, the site soils, equipment, and buildings were decontaminated following approved closure plans. The closure operation and closure certification process are described in this paper. C1 US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66101. FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRESPONSE INC,EDISON,NJ 08837. RP PERDEK, JM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 23 IS 8-10 BP 1295 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90154-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB104 UT WOS:A1991HB10400032 ER PT J AU SHAUL, GM HOLDSWORTH, TJ DEMPSEY, CR DOSTAL, KA AF SHAUL, GM HOLDSWORTH, TJ DEMPSEY, CR DOSTAL, KA TI FATE OF WATER-SOLUBLE AZO DYES IN THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to determine the partitioning of water soluble azo dyes in the activated sludge process (ASP). Azo dyes are of concern because some of the dyes, dye precursors, and/or their degradation products such as aromatic amines (which are also dye precursors) have been shown to be, or are suspected to be, carcinogenic. Specific azo dyes were spiked at 1 and 5 mg/L to pilot-scale treatment systems with both liquid and sludge samples collected. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet-visible detector. Mass balance calculations were made to determine the amount of the dye compound in the waste activated sludge (WAS) and in the activated sludge effluent (ASE). Of the 18 dyes studied, 11 compounds were found to pass through the ASP substantially untreated, 4 were significantly adsorbed onto the WAS, and 3 were apparently biodegraded. RP SHAUL, GM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,DIV WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT RES,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 10 TC 225 Z9 238 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90269-J PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD999 UT WOS:A1991FD99900011 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW AF DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW TI PREDICTIONS OF BROMO-DIOXIN AND BROMOCHLORO-DIOXIN GC ELUTION PROPERTIES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; INCINERATOR FLY-ASH AB Gas chromatographic retention indices (RI) were calculated for selected halogenated dioxins. The calculated RI were used to predict the first and last eluting isomers of each Br(n) and Br1Cl(n) (n = 1-7) congener series, and to predict RI for all 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrahalogenated bromochlorodioxins and their anticipated close-eluting isomers. The Br1Cl6 dioxin components of a fly ash sample were used as an example where RI modelling could assist in making isomer assignments. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,1050 E FLAMINGO RD,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90057-K PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN424 UT WOS:A1991FN42400003 ER PT J AU KUEHL, DW BUTTERWORTH, BC LIBAL, J MARQUIS, P AF KUEHL, DW BUTTERWORTH, BC LIBAL, J MARQUIS, P TI AN ISOTOPE-DILUTION HIGH-RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS - APPLICATION TO FISH AND MARINE MAMMALS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONO-ORTHO; PCBS; CONGENERS; SAMPLES; MILK; 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL; SEPARATION; MIXTURES; CARBON AB Analytical procedures and a quality assurance plan have been developed for the determination of coplanar PCBs in biological tissue at a target level of quantification of 5 pg/g. The methodology is based upon isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS and is analogous to rigorous protocols developed for PCDD/PCDFs. Results from the determination of coplanar PCBs in fish and marine mammals are presented. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP KUEHL, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGPON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 27 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 22 IS 9-10 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90242-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FW206 UT WOS:A1991FW20600005 ER PT J AU KUEHL, DW HAEBLER, R POTTER, C AF KUEHL, DW HAEBLER, R POTTER, C TI CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN DOLPHINS FROM THE UNITED-STATES ATLANTIC COAST INCLUDING ATLANTIC BOTTLE-NOSED OBTAINED DURING THE 1987/88 MASS MORTALITY SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE POLLUTANTS; CETACEANS; POLLUTION; PCBS AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected during the 1987/88 mass mortality event along the Atlantic coast of the United States have been analyzed for anthropogenic chemical contaminants. Average contaminant concentrations in adult males were higher than the average concentrations measured in adult females. Females could be divided into two groups by contaminant concentrations, one with low concentrations, and another with concentrations 4.4 times (PCBs) to 8.9 times (p,p'-DDE) greater. Contaminant concentrations in bottlenose were generally greater than the concentrations measured in either common (Delphinus delphis) or white-sided (Lagenorhynchus acutus) dolphins from the western North Atlantic Ocean. A subset of animals screened for unusual chemical contaminants showed that numerous polybrominated chemicals were present, including polybrominated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers not previously found in marine mammals from U. S. coastal waters. C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20562. RP KUEHL, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 20 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1071 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90308-Z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FY941 UT WOS:A1991FY94100010 ER PT J AU WALLING, JF DAUGHTREY, EH ADAMS, JR AF WALLING, JF DAUGHTREY, EH ADAMS, JR TI CHANGES IN POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MONITORED USING FUZZIFIED CHROMATOGRAMS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A simple rapid chromatographic technique for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which is poor at speciation has been used to obtain data on the presence of the class in air particulate. Matching of such chromatograms to a fuzzified reference from these data is illustrated as a practical way to obtain overviews of changes in species distributions summarized in few values. Such information is lost in more commonly used surrogate approaches to "class analyses". C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP WALLING, JF (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PY 1991 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1103 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90206-S PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GB199 UT WOS:A1991GB19900002 ER PT J AU STAPANIAN, MA GARNER, FC FITZGERALD, KE FLATMAN, GT ENGLUND, EJ AF STAPANIAN, MA GARNER, FC FITZGERALD, KE FLATMAN, GT ENGLUND, EJ TI PROPERTIES OF 2 TESTS FOR OUTLIERS IN MULTIVARIATE DATA SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE MARDIAS MULTIVARIATE KURTOSIS; GENERALIZED DISTANCE; MULTIVARIATE OUTLIERS; TYPE-I ERROR RATE ID ELLIPTICALLY SYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS; KURTOSIS; ROBUSTNESS; NORMALITY; SKEWNESS; POINTS AB Mardia's multivariate kurtosis and the generalized distance have desirable properties as multivariate outlier tests. However, extensive critical values have not been published heretofore. A published approximation formula for critical values of the kurtosis is shown to inadequately control the type I error rate, with observed error rates often differing from their intended values by a factor of two or more. Critical values derived from simulations for both tests for up to 25 dimensions and 500 observations are presented. The power curves of both tests are discussed. The generalized distance is the more powerful test when exactly one outlier is present and the contaminant is substantially mean-shifted. However, as the number of outliers increases, the kurtosis becomes the more powerful test. The two tests are compared with respect to power and vulnerability to masking. Recommendations for the use of these tests and interpretation of results are given. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO, LAS VEGAS, NV 89119 USA. US EPA, DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES, LAS VEGAS, NV 89119 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 EI 1532-4141 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 667 EP 687 DI 10.1080/03610919108812977 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA GA751 UT WOS:A1991GA75100017 ER PT J AU DAHLING, DR AF DAHLING, DR TI DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN CELL-CULTURE SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE CELL CULTURE; VIRUS SENSITIVITY; CELL GROWTH; PLAQUE ASSAY; ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES ID FETAL BOVINE SERUM; PLAQUE-ASSAY TITERS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; UNCONFIRMED PLAQUES; CONFIRMED VIRUSES; NORWALK VIRUS; MONKEY KIDNEY; CYTO-TOXICITY; FECAL SAMPLES AB The use of cell cultures remains the most reliable and functional tool for the detection of viable human enteric viruses in environmental samples. There is, however, a definite need for uniformity in cell culture practices. Among the serious concerns repeatedly addressed for virus monitoring have been negative results arising, not from the absence of virus, but from the lack of sensitivity due to significant variations in detection methodology. Over the past 5 years, many cell culture procedures applied to environmental virology have been upgraded, refined, or replaced; thus, the continued use of insensitive methodology may hinder reliable virus monitoring programs. This report provides a singular updated resource, encompassing those changes which have been shown to make a difference in the sensitivity of the cell culture virus detection system. RP DAHLING, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 116 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-838X J9 CRIT REV ENV CONTR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 263 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GL549 UT WOS:A1991GL54900002 ER PT J AU BLACK, FM AF BLACK, FM TI CONTROL OF MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS - THE UNITED-STATES EXPERIENCE SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL; CRANKCASE; EVAPORATIVE; TAILPIPE; EMISSIONS; TAMPERING AB An historical overview of U.S. experience with highway motor vehicle emissions control is presented. The evolution of new motor vehicle emissions certification practice, end-of-assembly-line inspection, in-use surveillance and recall, inspection and maintenance, and antitampering programs is discussed. The changes in motor vehicle design and fuel formulation resulting from these practices are also described, along with associated changes in the characteristics of emissions. Although significant reductions of new motor vehicle emission rates have been experienced, excessive consumer tampering and poor maintenance, along with large increases in the number of roadway miles traveled, have decreased the magnitude of air quality improvements resulting from these control efforts. As a result of these and other observations, the U.S. Congress amended the Clean Air Act in 1990 to require more stringent new motor vehicle emission standards, changes in procedures for identification and repair of motor vehicles that have been tampered with or poorly maintained, and use of cleaner, more environmentally benign alternatives to conventional petroleum-based fuels. RP BLACK, FM (reprint author), US EPA,MOBILE SOURCE EMISS RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-838X J9 CRIT REV ENV CONTR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 373 EP 410 PG 38 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV663 UT WOS:A1991GV66300001 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, M BERCZ, JP RINGHAND, HP CONDIE, LW PARNELL, MJ AF ROBINSON, M BERCZ, JP RINGHAND, HP CONDIE, LW PARNELL, MJ TI 10-DAY AND 90-DAY TOXICITY STUDIES OF 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE ADMINISTERED BY ORAL GAVAGE TO SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Ten- and ninety-day toxicity studies of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to meet the needs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for toxicity data on this chemical for use in their determination of possible health risks related to human exposure. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene was administered at doses of 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day (10-day), and 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/day (90-day) in corn oil by oral gavage; control animals received corn oil. At time of sacrifice, gross necropsies were performed and selected tissues were weighed and prepared for histological evaluation. Blood was taken for hematology and clinical chemistries. In the 10-day study, exposure of 300 mg DCB/kg body weight to male rats resulted in a statistically significant decrease in final body weight, organ weights (heart, kidneys, spleen, testes, and thymus), and relative organ weights (spleen and thymus). A significant increase in absolute and relative liver weights was also noted in this dose group. Males also displayed significant increases in water consumption (300 mg/kg group), ALT (300 mg/kg) and leukocyte count (150 and 300 mg/kg). A significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular necrosis was seen in the 300 mg/kg group of males compared to controls. In the 90-day study, male rats exposed to 400 mg DCB/kg displayed a statistically significant decrease in body weight, organ weight (spleen), and relative organ weight (spleen). The absolute weights of kidney and liver and the relative weights for heart, kidney, liver, lung, brain, and testes were increased significantly for this dose group. The absolute and relative weights of both the kidney and liver were significantly increased in the female 400 mg/kg dose group. The only clinical chemistry parameters statistically different than control were increased ALT (100 and 400 mg/kg groups), BUN and total bilirubin in the male 400 mg/kg group and total bilirubin in the 400 mg/kg female group. Histopathological evaluation showed hepatocellular lesions associated with DCB treatment which included centrolobular degeneration and hypertrophy, and single cell necrosis in male and females receiving 400 mg DCB/kg. The NOAEL observed in this study is 25 mg/kg/day. C1 USA,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT 84022. USAF,AEROSP MED RES LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP ROBINSON, M (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 112 DI 10.3109/01480549109017870 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FV876 UT WOS:A1991FV87600005 PM 1889379 ER PT J AU DICARLO, FJ AF DICARLO, FJ TI CREATIVITY - SCIENCE, GAMES, AND CELEBRATION SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material RP DICARLO, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,HERD TS-796,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 471 EP 472 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HC769 UT WOS:A1991HC76900001 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, IWF BELILES, RP AF DAVIDSON, IWF BELILES, RP TI CONSIDERATION OF THE TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN TERMS OF METABOLITE TOXICITY AND PHARMACOKINETICS SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MOUSE-TISSUES INVIVO; CONJUGATE BETA-LYASE; CHLORAL HYDRATE; RAT-LIVER; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; CARCINOGEN TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS C1 US EPA,ORD-RD 689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27103. NR 278 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 493 EP 599 DI 10.3109/03602539109029772 PG 107 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HC769 UT WOS:A1991HC76900003 PM 1802654 ER PT J AU BAUGHMAN, GL WEBER, EJ AF BAUGHMAN, GL WEBER, EJ TI ESTIMATION OF WATER SOLUBILITY AND OCTANOL WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT OF HYDROPHOBIC DYES .1. - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLUBILITY AND PARTITION-COEFFICIENT SO DYES AND PIGMENTS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSE DYES; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES; CRYSTAL MODIFICATION; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; BIOACCUMULATION; FISH; FATE AB Three regression approaches are examined for use in estimating water solubilities and octanol/water partition coefficients, two fundamental equilibrium constants that are widely used in predicting the fate of organic chemicals in aquatic systems. Approaches examined are regression of solubility against partition coefficient, determination of the product of solubility and partition coefficient, and application of an equation from Yalkowsky and Valvani (J. Pharm. Sci., 69 (1980) 912). The regressions are based on data for water solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient, entropy of fusion, and melting point of 20 disperse and solvent dyes. In the study all three methods produced more reliable data on dyes than other equations available in the literature. Root-mean-square deviations are on the order of a factor of four to six for all three methods. Factors such as purity, polymorphism, tautomerization, polarization and hydrogen bonding are suggested as factors precluding the development of highly reliable prediction relationships between solubility and partition coefficient of dyes. Sources of error in both the data and methodologies are discussed. The study also provided information on entropies of fusion, which ranged from 50.7 to 136 and averaged 78.8 J/mol K. Anthraquinone dyes exhibited much lower entropies of fusion than did many azo dyes. Thus use of an average entropy in estimation is inappropriate for dyes and leads to more error than neglecting the change in heat capacity. RP BAUGHMAN, GL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-7208 J9 DYES PIGMENTS JI Dyes Pigment. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0143-7208(91)85016-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA GC469 UT WOS:A1991GC46900002 ER PT J AU PITCHER, HM LONGSTRETH, JD AF PITCHER, HM LONGSTRETH, JD TI MELANOMA MORTALITY AND EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION - AN EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP PITCHER, HM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,DIV SCI ECON & STAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 7 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90333-L PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG135 UT WOS:A1991EG13500002 ER PT J AU TICHENOR, BA GUO, ZS AF TICHENOR, BA GUO, ZS TI THE EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON EMISSION RATES OF WOOD FINISHING MATERIALS SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The rate of emission of organic compounds from building materials varies according to: type of material, material loading (area of material/volume of room), compound emitted, temperature, humidity, and ventilation rate. For some compounds and materials (e.g., formaldehyde from particleboard), the relationship between emission rate and these variables is well established. For most materials and compounds, however, such relationships are unavailable. Research, using small test chambers, is being conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop data on emission rates from a variety of building materials. This paper presents selected results from the EPA studies. Emphasis is placed on the effect of ventilation (air changes/h) and material loading on the emission rate for selected organics and total measured organics. Test data for three wood finishing materials (i.e., stain, polyurethane, and wax) are presented. The data are analyzed to show the effect of ventilation on the emission characteristics of each material. RP TICHENOR, BA (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90018-L PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN261 UT WOS:A1991FN26100019 ER PT J AU TUCKER, WG AF TUCKER, WG TI EMISSION OF ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES FROM INDOOR SURFACE MATERIALS SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A wide variety of surface materials in buildings can release organic compounds. Examples include building materials, furnishings, maintenance materials, clothing, and paper products. These sources contribute substantially to the hundreds of organic compounds that have been measured in indoor air. Their emissions have been directly connected to complaints of odors or hyperreactivity and are presumed to contribute to the problems in many "sick buildings" where the cause of complaints is uncertain. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in developing procedures for measuring emissions from such materials, in controlled experiments where factors affecting emission rates can be determined and quantified. Emissions data are still limited but are being accumulated gradually by research groups in Europe and North America. It is clear from the recent data gathered in research and modeling studies that one of the most effective ways to limit indoor concentrations of organic compounds is to limit the content of volatile compounds in materials that are used in buildings. Limiting the original residual content of such compounds in the materials, or conditioning such materials proir to use in buildings, or (perhaps) conditioning such materials in place before occupancy of a new or renovated building, are most likely to prevent excessive indoor concentrations. If emissions testing and product certification procedures are available and there is sufficient market demand for low-emitting materials caused by indoor air quality concerns, significant reductions of indoor concentrations of vapor-phase organic compounds could be achieved within the next decade. RP TUCKER, WG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN261 UT WOS:A1991FN26100024 ER PT J AU REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH AF REPACE, JL LOWREY, AH TI OBSERVATIONAL VS EXTRAPOLATIVE MODELS IN ESTIMATING MORTALITY FROM PASSIVE SMOKING SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter RP REPACE, JL (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 386 EP 387 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90030-T PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN261 UT WOS:A1991FN26100031 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JE AF GALLAGHER, JE TI GENOTOXICITY OF THE FUNGICIDE DICHLOFLUANID IN 7 ASSAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Letter ID P-32-POSTLABELING TEST; DNA RP GALLAGHER, JE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 1 BP 84 EP 84 DI 10.1002/em.2850180110 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GA206 UT WOS:A1991GA20600009 PM 1864270 ER PT J AU GEORGE, SE CHADWICK, RW CREASON, JP KOHAN, MJ DEKKER, JP AF GEORGE, SE CHADWICK, RW CREASON, JP KOHAN, MJ DEKKER, JP TI EFFECT OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL ON THE ACTIVATION OF 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE TO GENOTOXIC URINARY METABOLITES IN CD-1 MICE - A COMPARISON OF GI ENZYME-ACTIVITIES AND URINE MUTAGENICITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE DINITROTOLUENE; POTENTIATION; GENOTOXICITY; TRANSFORMATION; ANAEROBIC ENZYMES; CHLORINATED PHENOLS; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; FISCHER-344 RATS; CYTO-TOXICITY; GUT FLORA; INVIVO; DINITROTOLUENES; MICROFLORA; INDUCTION; BINDING; INVITRO AB 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are used for industrial purposes and are found in the environment as hazardous contaminants. Because concurrent exposure to both compounds can occur, it is of interest to determine if organochlorine compounds potentiate the effect of nitroaromatic chemicals. CD-1 mice were treated with PCP (42.8 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. On week 1, 2, and 4 after the initial PCP dose, mice were treated p.o. with 2,6-DNT (75 mg/kg)and 24 hr urines were collected. After concentration, the urines were tested for their mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 without metabolic activation in a microsuspension bioassay. A significant increase (P < .05)in mutagenicity was observed in urines from mice treated with 2,6-DNT alone and in combination with PCP. By week 4, mice that received both 2,6-DNT and PCP excreted urine that was more mutagenic than that from animals which received only 2,6-DNT. At weeks 2 and 4, mice were sacrificed and intestinal enzyme activities (nitroreductase, azo reductase, beta-glucuronidase, dechlorinase, and dehydrochlorinase) were quantitated. The enhanced genotoxicity observed in urines from 2,6-DNT/PCP-treated mice coincided with a decrease in nitroreductase and an increase in beta-glucuronidase activities in the small intestine. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1002/em.2850180203 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GE400 UT WOS:A1991GE40000002 PM 1879408 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, TF CUNNINGHAM, ML AF MCMAHON, TF CUNNINGHAM, ML TI MUTAGENICITY OF METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL ACETATE IN THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE, ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE, AND RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES IN SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM HIS-G46 SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE MAM; ADH; ALDH; CYCASIN; MAM ACETATE; PORCINE LIVER ESTERASE ID INHIBITION; METABOLISM; COLON; DNA; METHYLATION; CYCASIN; MUCOSA; TUMORS; INVIVO AB Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) is the short-lived toxic and carcinogenic aglycone of cycasin, a natural component of the cycad plant. In the present study, the stable acetate ester of MAM, MAM acetate, was tested in combination with porcine liver esterase and Salmonella typhimurium His G46 to study the comparative mutagenicity of this compound in the presence of rat hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and rat liver microsomes. In the presence of rat liver microsomes and an NADPH-generating system, mutagenicity of MAM acetate was not significantly altered. However, addition of rat liver 105,000g supernatant fraction and/or NAD+ significantly increased the number of his+ revertants above control. A concentration-dependent increase in mutagenicity of MAM acetate was observed for NAD+ from 50 to 200-mu-M, while NADP+ caused a decrease in mutagenicity of MAM acetate in this some concentration range. Pyrazole (100-500-mu-M) had no significant effect on mutagenicity of MAM acetate in the presence of rat liver 105,000g supernatant, while disulfiram at 500-mu-M resulted in a significant decrease in mutagenicity of MAM acetate. The results of this study implicate ALDH as essential in activation of MAM acetate to a mutagenic species in this system, while the role of ADH and microsomes appears to be minimal. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MCMAHON, TF (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1002/em.2850180302 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GK817 UT WOS:A1991GK81700001 PM 1915309 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM FUSCOE, JC AF DEMARINI, DM FUSCOE, JC TI WORKSHOP OVERVIEW - NEW MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES IN GENOME ANALYSIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22ND MEETING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN SOC CY APR 06-11, 1991 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP ENVIRONM MUTAGEN SOC DE PCR; COLONY PROBE HYBRIDIZATION; MISMATCH HYBRIDIZATION; DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AB An overview of the application of various molecular techniques to the analysis of genomic DNA is presented. For the analysis of small-scale changes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), colony probe hybridization, mismatch hybridization, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) ore providing information on mutations within prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. For large-scale changes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Southern blotting, multiplex PCR, hybridization of linked probes, and restriction enzyme mapping are permitting analysis of genomic alterations that are larger than point mutations but below the resolution of standard cytogenetic analysis. Many of these techniques, either alone or in combination, produce DNA that con be subjected to DNA sequence analysis, which provides the most detailed information regarding genomic changes. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1002/em.2850180403 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GU244 UT WOS:A1991GU24400002 PM 1748081 ER PT J AU HEDDLE, JA CIMINO, MC HAYASHI, M ROMAGNA, F SHELBY, MD TUCKER, JD VANPARYS, P MACGREGOR, JT AF HEDDLE, JA CIMINO, MC HAYASHI, M ROMAGNA, F SHELBY, MD TUCKER, JD VANPARYS, P MACGREGOR, JT TI MICRONUCLEI AS AN INDEX OF CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22ND MEETING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN SOC CY APR 06-11, 1991 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP ENVIRONM MUTAGEN SOC DE MICRONUCLEUS TEST; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; BONE MARROW; ERYTHROCYTES; TOXICOLOGY ID ASSAY; ERYTHROCYTES; SLIDES; MICE AB The workshop was designed to present what is known about the production of micronuclei, what protocols are now accepted or proposed internationally, what new results have been obtained, and what new methods and protocols are likely to be forthcoming. This report is designed to convey the flavour of the workshop and to provide the essence of the new information. After the workshop an effort was made to determine what single protocol would satisfy the requirements set for the micronucleus test by as many regulatory agencies as possible. The result, reported here, includes the requirements of six regulatory authorities in Canada, the European Economic Community, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Japan, and the United States. C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL INST HYG SCI,DIV GENET & MUTAGENESIS,SETAGAYA KU,TOKYO 158,JAPAN. SANDOZ PHARMA LTD,DRUG SAFETY ASSESSMENT TOXICOL,BASEL,SWITZERLAND. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV CALIF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. JANSSEN PHARMACEUT,GENET TOXICOL,B-2340 BEERSE,BELGIUM. SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HEDDLE, JA (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT BIOL,N YORK M3J 1P3,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 25 TC 306 Z9 333 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1002/em.2850180414 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GU244 UT WOS:A1991GU24400013 PM 1748091 ER PT J AU CIMINO, MC AF CIMINO, MC TI EPA USE OF INVIVO GERM-CELL MUTAGENICITY DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22ND MEETING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN SOC CY APR 06-11, 1991 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP ENVIRONM MUTAGEN SOC DE GUIDELINES; TEST SCHEME; GERM CELL; CHEMICAL TESTING; REGULATORY TESTING; RISK ASSESSMENT AB The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances (EPA, OTS) with the authority to regulate chemical use by requiring testing and use restrictions as appropriate to protect human health. Regulation on the basis of heritable mutation induction is specifically mentioned in the Test Rule section of the law and has also been pursued for new chemical substances. A tiered scheme of mutagenicity testing has been employed and recently revised to assess mutagenicity hazard. In vivo assay systems play key roles at all three levels in the scheme, beginning with the first level of determining intrinsic mutagenicity hazard. Once intrinsic mutagenicity has been identified, the revised scheme requires an assay or assays to assess chemical interaction with gonadal DNA. Finally, the scheme contains tests that permit risk assessment for a chemical. The recently-revised Off ice of Pesticide Programs (OPP) mutagenicity testing requirements closely parallel those of OTS. RP CIMINO, MC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REV TS 796,OFF TOX SUBST,401 M ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 295 EP 297 DI 10.1002/em.2850180416 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GU244 UT WOS:A1991GU24400015 PM 1748093 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB OLSON, GR STOBER, JA AF DANIEL, FB OLSON, GR STOBER, JA TI INDUCTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT NUCLEAR ANOMALIES IN B6C3F1 MICE BY 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2[5H]-FURANONE AND 3,4-(DICHLORO)-5-HYDROXY-2[5H]-FURANONE, MUTAGENIC BY-PRODUCTS OF CHLORINE DISINFECTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE CHLOROHYDROXYFURANONES; GENOTOXINS IN DRINKING WATER; CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; NUCLEAR ANOMALIES; APOPTOSIS; MICRONUCLEI ID POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; DRINKING-WATER; HUMIC-ACID; COLONIC EPITHELIUM; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CELL-DEATH; DNA; MICRONUCLEI; APOPTOSIS AB Two chlorinated hydroxylated furanones, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX) and 3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MA), are bacterial mutagens and they are also byproducts of chlorine disinfection, and frequent contaminants of drinking water. In this work MX is shown to induce nuclear anomalies in the gastrointestinal tract of the B6C3F1 mouse. The other chlorohydroxyfuranone, MA, gives suggestive evidence of activity. In this bioassay MX was approximately equivalent in potency to epichlorohydrin (ECH) but was much less potent than methylnitrosourea (MNU). The latter two chemicals are confirmed rodent gastrointestinal tract carcinogens. The duodenum was the most sensitive tissue responding with both increased numbers of nuclear anomalies per mouse and increased incidence of animals presenting the nuclear aberrations 24 hr after a single oral dose of 0.37 mmol/kg-1 of MX. MA also induced a significant increase in duodenal nuclear anomalies, but only at the highest dose (0.46 mmol/kg-1). The proximal colon and forestomach responded to MX but not MA. This is the first study demonstrating that chlorohydroxyfuranones are capable of inducing nuclear toxicity in vivo. However, it is clear, for MX at least, that its potency in the gastrointestinal tract nuclear anomalies assay is not commensurate with its extreme bacterial mutagenicity. Since the gastrointestinal tract tissues are directly exposed to orally administered genotoxins, one possible explanation for the weak response observed in this study could be that mammalian cells can effectively detoxify chlorohydroxyfuranones. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,AW BREIDENBACH ENVIRONM RES CTR,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 42 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1002/em.2850170106 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EU288 UT WOS:A1991EU28800005 PM 1991457 ER PT J AU HOUK, VS EARLY, G CLAXTON, LD AF HOUK, VS EARLY, G CLAXTON, LD TI USE OF THE SPIRAL SALMONELLA ASSAY TO DETECT THE MUTAGENICITY OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATED BIOASSAY TECHNIQUES; AMES TEST; COMPLEX MIXTURES ID FRACTIONS; WOODSMOKE AB The success demonstrated by the spiral Salmonella assay in a recent study of 20 pure prompted us to examine the effectiveness of this automated bacterial mutagenicity assay for testing complex environmental mixtures. Three sets of combustion emissions were selected for evaluation: automotive diesel exhaust, woodsmoke, and a coal combustion emission. Each sample was tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay according to standard protocol (plate incorporation) and spiral assay techniques. In the spiral assay, a specialized plating instrument dispenses the bacteria, test agent, and S9 mix in a spiral pattern onto a minimal agar plate supplemented with histidine and biotin. The components of the assay are administered in such a way that a uniform density of bacteria is exposed to a concentration gradient of the test agent on a single plate. When results are analyzed, a dose-response curve comprised of 13 data points is generated. A comparison of results from the two assays demonstrated the following: 1) Diesel exhaust was generally the most mutagenically potent sample in both assays, followed closely by the coal combustion emission. The woodsmoke sample was only weakly mutagenic in the standard assay but demonstrated higher mutagenic activity in the spiral assay. 2) Samples were more mutagenic on rev/mu-g basis in the spiral assay, especially when metabolic activation was added. This disparity presumably was due to differences in the relative amounts of S9 administered across the dose range. 3) The spiral assay required 1/20 the sample mass of the standard assay to test equivalent doses; in addition, for some samples, 50 times more sample mass was required by the standard assay to generate a comparable dose response. 4) Dichloromethane extracts of the complex mixtures could be tested for mutagenicity in the spiral assay, thereby precluding solvent exchange (to dimethylsulfoxide) required by the standard assay for sample/bioassay compatibility. C1 ST AUGUSTINES COLL,RALEIGH,NC. RP HOUK, VS (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1002/em.2850170208 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA FC593 UT WOS:A1991FC59300007 PM 2009866 ER PT B AU KOVALICK, WW AF KOVALICK, WW BE SAYLER, GS FOX, R BLACKBURN, JW TI REMOVING IMPEDIMENTS TO THE USE OF BIOREMEDIATION AND OTHER INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE TREATMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY : MOVING FROM THE FLASK TO THE FIELD CY OCT 17-19, 1990 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP INT TECHNOL, AMER CYANAMID, USAF, OFF SCI RES, UNIV TENNESSEE, WASTE MANAGEMENT RES & EDUC INST, OAK RIDGE WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC RP KOVALICK, WW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,TECHNOL INNOVAT OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43943-3 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1991 VL 41 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT23V UT WOS:A1991BT23V00006 ER PT B AU SKINNER, JH AF SKINNER, JH BE SAYLER, GS FOX, R BLACKBURN, JW TI BIOREMEDIATION RESEARCH ISSUES SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE TREATMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY : MOVING FROM THE FLASK TO THE FIELD CY OCT 17-19, 1990 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP INT TECHNOL, AMER CYANAMID, USAF, OFF SCI RES, UNIV TENNESSEE, WASTE MANAGEMENT RES & EDUC INST, OAK RIDGE WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC RP SKINNER, JH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43943-3 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1991 VL 41 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT23V UT WOS:A1991BT23V00007 ER PT B AU KREMER, FV KOVALICK, WW AF KREMER, FV KOVALICK, WW BE SAYLER, GS FOX, R BLACKBURN, JW TI THE FIELD IMPLEMENTATION OF BIOREMEDIATION - AN EPA PERSPECTIVE SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE TREATMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY : MOVING FROM THE FLASK TO THE FIELD CY OCT 17-19, 1990 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP INT TECHNOL, AMER CYANAMID, USAF, OFF SCI RES, UNIV TENNESSEE, WASTE MANAGEMENT RES & EDUC INST, OAK RIDGE WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC RP KREMER, FV (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43943-3 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1991 VL 41 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT23V UT WOS:A1991BT23V00018 ER PT J AU NESNOW, S LEWTAS, J AF NESNOW, S LEWTAS, J TI INTERSPECIES SENSITIVITY TO CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOUSE SKIN TUMORS AND HUMAN LUNG-CANCER SO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS-PART C OF JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE CONDENSATE; DIESEL EXHAUST EXPOSURE; DNA-ADDUCT FORMATION; COAL-TAR; RAILROAD WORKERS; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; INITIATING ACTIVITY; TOPICAL APPLICATION; CULTURED HUMAN C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,GENET BIDASSAY BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 117 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1059-0501 J9 ENVIRON CARCIN ECO R JI Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxical. Rev.-Pt. C J. Env. Sci. Health PY 1991 VL 9 IS 2 BP 229 EP 259 PG 31 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HW404 UT WOS:A1991HW40400003 ER PT J AU FISHER, LJ AF FISHER, LJ TI COURSE SETTING AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS REVIEWS-PART C OF JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review RP FISHER, LJ (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0882-8164 J9 ENVIRON CARCINOG REV PY 1991 VL 8 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GC838 UT WOS:A1991GC83800004 ER PT J AU GARDNER, GR YEVICH, PP HURST, J THAYER, P BENYI, S HARSHBARGER, JC PRUELL, RJ AF GARDNER, GR YEVICH, PP HURST, J THAYER, P BENYI, S HARSHBARGER, JC PRUELL, RJ TI GERMINOMAS AND TERATOID SIPHON ANOMALIES IN SOFTSHELL CLAMS, MYA-ARENARIA, ENVIRONMENTALLY EXPOSED TO HERBICIDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ANIMALS; POLLUTANTS; NEOPLASIA; DISEASES AB Seminomas and dysgerminomas are epizootic in softshell clams, Mya arenaria, from three Maine estuaries contaminated with herbicides. The first epizootic was discovered in 22% of clams collected as Searsport near Long Cove Brook and three culverts that conveyed heating oil and jet fuel spilled from a tank farm in 1971. Data from subsequent epizootiological studies and a series of long-term experimental exposures of softshell clams to no. 2 fuel oil, JP-4, and JP-5 jet fuel at the U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory in Narragansett, Rhode Island, and in the field did not support an etiology by these petroleum products. In the two recent epizootics reported here, the germinomas have been observed in 3% of the softshell clams collected from Roque Bluffs near Machiasport and from 35% of softshell clams collected from Dennysville. Mya collected at Dennysville had pericardial mesotheliomas and teratoid siphon anomalies in addition to gonadal neoplasms. Estuaries at Dennysville had been contaminated by herbicides in a 1979 accidental spray overdrift during aerial application of Tordon 101 to adjacent forests. Further investigation determined widespread use of the herbicides Tordon 101, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and other agrochemicals in an extensive forestry and blueberry industry in both the Roque Bluffs and the Dennysville areas. Herbicide applications at Searsport were confirmed for railroad property bordering Long Cove estuary and for Long Cove Brook adjacent to the estuary where a highway department reportedly cleans its spray equipment. Herbicide contamination is the only common denominator identified at all three sites where Mya have been found with gonadal neoplasms. The suggested association of herbicides with gonadal neoplasms in clams is strengthened by the increased incidence of seminomas observed in military working dogs exposed to defoliating herbicides in Vietnam between 1967 and 1972. C1 MAINE DEPT MARINE RES,FISHERIES RES LAB,BOOTHBAY HARBOR,ME 04575. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,REGISTRY TUMORS LOWER ANIM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GARDNER, GR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-61063] NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.2307/3430844 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300007 PM 2050082 ER PT J AU GARDNER, GR YEVICH, PP HARSHBARGER, JC MALCOLM, AR AF GARDNER, GR YEVICH, PP HARSHBARGER, JC MALCOLM, AR TI CARCINOGENICITY OF BLACK ROCK HARBOR SEDIMENT TO THE EASTERN OYSTER AND TROPHIC TRANSFER OF BLACK ROCK HARBOR CARCINOGENS FROM THE BLUE MUSSEL TO THE WINTER FLOUNDER SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC COOPERATION; BACTERIAL MUTAGENS; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; AQUATIC ANIMALS; AROMATIC-AMINES; ACTIVATION; POLLUTANTS; DISEASES; LIVER AB The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) developed neoplastic disorders when experimentally exposed both in the laboratory and field to chemically contaminated sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport, Connecticut. Neoplasia was observed in oysters after 30 and 60 days of continuous exposure in a laboratory flow-through system to a 20 mg/L suspension of BRH sediment plus postexposure periods of 0, 30, or 60 days. Composite tumor incidence was 13.6% (49 neoplasms in 40, n = 295) for both exposures. Tumor occurrence was highest in the renal excretory epithelium, followed in order by gill, gonad, gastrointestinal, heart, and embryonic neural tissue. Regression of experimental neoplasia was not observed when the stimulus was discontinued. In field experiments, gill neoplasms developed in oysters deployed in cages for 30 days at BRH and 36 days at a BRH dredge material disposal area in Central Long Island Sound, and kidney and gastrointestinal neoplasms developed in caged oysters deployed 40 days in Quincy Bay, Boston Harbor. Oysters exposed to BRH sediment in the laboratory and in the field accumulated high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and chlorinated pesticides. Chemical analyses demonstrated high concentrations of PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated pesticides, and heavy metals in BRH sediment. Known genotoxic carcinogens, cocarcinogens, and tumor promoters were present as contaminants. The uptake of parent PAH and PCBs from BRH sediment observed in oysters also occurs in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Winter flounder fed BRH-contaminated blue mussels contained xenobiotic chemicals analyzed in mussels. The flounder developed renal and pancreatic neoplasms and hepatotoxic neoplastic precursor lesions, demonstrating trophic transfer of sediment-bound carcinogens up the food chain. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, REGISTRY TUMORS LOWER ANIM, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP GARDNER, GR (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 27 TARZWELL DR, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-61063]; PHS HHS [MW-75-930029] NR 47 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.2307/3430845 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300008 PM 2050083 ER PT J AU COOPER, CB DOYLE, ME KIPP, K AF COOPER, CB DOYLE, ME KIPP, K TI RISKS OF CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED SEAFOOD - THE QUINCY BAY CASE-STUDY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID FISH AB A recent EPA-sponsored study of sediment and seafood contamination in Quincy Bay revealed elevated levels of several complex organic pollutants frequently of concern in human health assessments. A seafood consumption risk assessment was conducted using data from samples collected in Quincy Bay in the methodology developed for EPA's Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection for such assessments. Results showed estimated plausible, upperbound excess cancer risks in the 10(-5) to 10(-2) range. These results are comparable to those found in other seafood contamination risk assessments for areas where consumption advisories and fishing restrictions were implemented. Regulatory response included consumption advisories for lobster tomalley (hepatopancreas) and other types of locally caught seafood. Uncertainties inherent in seafood risk assessment in general and for the Quincy Bay case are discussed, along with implications for further action. C1 METCALF & EDDY INC,WAKEFIELD,MA 01880. US EPA,WATER QUAL MANAGEMENT,BOSTON,MA 02203. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.2307/3430857 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300020 PM 2050051 ER PT J AU HERTZBERG, VS LEMASTERS, GK HANSEN, K ZENICK, HM AF HERTZBERG, VS LEMASTERS, GK HANSEN, K ZENICK, HM TI STATISTICAL ISSUES IN RISK ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES WITH CHEMICAL-MIXTURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING UNITS; TERATOLOGY; FERTILITY; SELECTION; WORKERS; DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE; INFERTILITY; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE AB Establishing the relationship between a given chemical exposure and human reproductive health risk is complicated by exposures or other concomitant factors that may vary from pregnancy to pregnancy. Moreover, when exposures are to complex mixtures of chemicals, varying with time in number of components, doses of individual components, and constancy of exposure, the picture becomes even more complicated. A pilot study of risk of adverse reproductive outcomes among male wastewater treatment workers and their wives is described here. The wives of 231 workers were interviewed to evaluate retrospectively the outcomes of spontaneous early fetal loss and infertility. In addition, 87 workers participated in a cross-sectional evaluation of sperm/semen parameters. Due to the ever-changing nature of the exposure and the lack of quantification of specific exposures, six dichotomous variables were used for each specific job description to give a surrogate measure of exposure. Hence, no quantitative exposure-response relationships could be modeled. These six variables were independently assigned by two environmental hygienists, and their interrater reliability was assessed. Results are presented and further innovations in statistical methodology are proposed for further applications. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HERTZBERG, VS (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD19976]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00159] NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.2307/3430864 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300027 PM 2050057 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J WYPIJ, D DOCKERY, D WARE, J ZEGER, S SPENGLER, J FERRIS, B AF SCHWARTZ, J WYPIJ, D DOCKERY, D WARE, J ZEGER, S SPENGLER, J FERRIS, B TI DAILY DIARIES OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND AIR-POLLUTION - METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND RESULTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; HEALTH; MODELS; OZONE AB Daily diaries of respiratory symptoms are a powerful technique for detecting acute effects of air pollution exposure. While conceptually simple, these diary studies can be difficult to analyze. The daily symptom rates are highly correlated, even after adjustment for covariates, and this lack of independence must be considered in the analysis. Possible approaches include the use of incidence instead of prevalence rates and autoregressive models. Heterogenity among subjects also induces dependencies in the data. These can be addressed by stratification and by two-stage models such as those developed by Korn and Whittemore. These approaches have been applied to two data sets: a cohort of school children participating in the Harvard Six Cities Study and a cohort of student nurses in Los Angeles. Both data sets provide evidence of autocorrelation and heterogeneity. Controlling for autocorrelation corrects the precision estimates, and because diary data are usually positively autocorrelated, this leads to larger variance estimates. Controlling for heterogeneity among subjects appears to increase the effect sizes for air pollution exposure. Preliminary results indicate associations between sulfur dioxide and cough incidence in children and between nitrogen dioxide and phlegm incidence in student nurses. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES01108, ES-0002, ES-07142] NR 13 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.2307/3430866 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300029 PM 2050059 ER PT J AU CHEN, C GIBB, H MOINI, A AF CHEN, C GIBB, H MOINI, A TI MODELS FOR ANALYZING DATA IN INITIATION-PROMOTION STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID ATPASE-DEFICIENT FOCI; VINYL-CHLORIDE; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; INDUCTION; GROWTH; BIOASSAY; CANCER AB The objective of this paper is to construct a class of models for analyzing data in initiation-promotion (IP) studies. After the application of an initiator in animal IP studies, histochemical and/or histopathologic criteria are used to define the foci that are postulated to be the origin of tumors. Thus, the dynamics of foci growth are of inherent interest in the study of the mechanism of carcinogenesis. In this paper, models to explain these dynamics are developed and can be used to differentiate among proposed mechanisms of tumor formation and promotion. Examples are given to illustrate useful concepts for analyzing data from IP studies. C1 COMP SCI CORP,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22046. RP CHEN, C (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT RD-689,401 M ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 90 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.2307/3430880 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FD603 UT WOS:A1991FD60300043 PM 2050074 ER PT J AU TITUS, JG AF TITUS, JG TI GREENHOUSE-EFFECT AND COASTAL WETLAND POLICY - HOW AMERICANS COULD ABANDON AN AREA THE SIZE OF MASSACHUSETTS AT MINIMUM COST SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GREENHOUSE EFFECT; COASTAL WETLAND; SEA LEVEL RISE; LAND USE PLANNING; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; PROPERTY RIGHTS; ANIMAL RIGHTS ID MODEL AB Climatologists generally expect an anthropogenic global warming that could raise sea level 30-150 cm in the next century and more thereafter. One of the impacts would be the loss of coastal wetlands. Although the inundation of adjacent dryland would enable new wetlands to form, much of this land is or will soon be developed. If developed areas are protected, wetlands will be squeezed between an advancing sea and the land being protected, which has already happened in China and the Netherlands, where people have built dikes for centuries. Unlike those countries, the United States has enough land to accommodate the landward migration of wetlands; but governments lack the funds to purchase all the coastal lowlands that might inundated and the legal authority to prohibit their development. We propose a third approach: allowing property owners to use coastal lowlands today as they choose, but setting up a legal mechanism to ensure that the land is abandoned if and when sea level rises enough to inundate it. Although compensation may be required, this approach would cost less than 1% as much as purchasing the land, and would be (1) economically efficient by enabling real estate markets to incorporate expectations of future sea level rise; (2) constitutional by compensating property owners; and (3) politically feasible by pleasing people who care about the long-term fate of the coastal environment without disturbing people who either are unconcerned about the distant future or do not believe sea level will rise. This article demonstrates that it would be irrational to delay policy formulation until sea level rise projections are more precise. The cost will be small if we act now but great if we wait, and sea level is already rising along most coasts. The US government should develop a strategy in the next three years. RP TITUS, JG (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 47 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 39 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF02393837 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ072 UT WOS:A1991EQ07200004 ER PT J AU NELSON, WG HANSEN, DJ AF NELSON, WG HANSEN, DJ TI DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF SITE-SPECIFIC CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING NEW BEDFORD HARBOR PILOT DREDGING PROJECT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DECISION-MAKING; REAL-TIME MONITORING; SITE-SPECIFIC CRITERIA; DREDGING; PCBS; NEW BEDFORD HARBOR; SUPERFUND AB Numerical site-specific chemical and biological criteria were established to assess the impact of a pilot dredging project on water quality at the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA, Superfund site. Because most existing chemical concentrations in the water column and indigenous biota exceeded federal and state water quality limits, the derivation of site-specific criteria was required. Prior to any operational phases of the project (i.e., dike construction, dredging), criteria values were developed from background concentrations of PCBs and metals in water and biota, as well as for the toxic effects of water quality on the biota. During each operational phase of the project, water samples were collected, analyzed within 16 h, and the data supplied to a management committee in order to assess the environmental impact of the previous days' operation. The ambient unfiltered water concentration of PCBs and metals were the only chemical or biological criteria exceeded. Modification of the next days' operations resulted in a return of these concentrations to background levels. The combined use of site-specific criteria and a real-time decision making management process allowed for successful completion of this project with a minimal effect on water quality. RP NELSON, WG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1007/BF02393841 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ072 UT WOS:A1991EQ07200008 ER PT B AU CANTER, DA AF CANTER, DA BE LOOTENS, DJ GREENSLADE, WM BARKER, JM TI FEDERAL-PROGRAMS LEADING TO TOXICOLOGICAL TESTING OF MINERALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE 1990S LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR MINING, METALLURGY, AND EXPLORATION : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE 1990S CY FEB 25-28, 1991 CL DENVER, CO SP SOC MIN MET & EXPLORAT, NW MIN ASSOC, COLORADO MIN ASSOC RP CANTER, DA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MIN ENGINEERS AIME PI LITTLETON PA LITTLETON BN 0-87335-095-2 PY 1991 BP 297 EP 306 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BS89E UT WOS:A1991BS89E00039 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, CP RYGIEWICZ, PT AF ANDERSEN, CP RYGIEWICZ, PT TI STRESS INTERACTIONS AND MYCORRHIZAL PLANT-RESPONSE - UNDERSTANDING CARBON ALLOCATION PRIORITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ROOT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CHRONIC OZONE EXPOSURES; LAG EX STEUD; PINE-SEEDLINGS; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; GIGASPORA-CALOSPORA; GLOMUS-FASCICULATUM; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; TAIGA SEEDLINGS; WATER RELATIONS AB In this paper, a framework is presented for studying responses of mycorrhiza to external stresses, including possible feedback effects which are likely to occur. The authors review recent literature linking carbon allocation and host/fungal response under natural and anthropogenic stress, and present a conceptual model to discuss how carbon may be involved in singular and multiple stress interactions of mycorrhizal seedlings. Due to an integral role in metabolic processes, characterizing carbon allocation in controlled laboratory environments could be useful for understanding host/fungal responses to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stresses. Carbon allocation at the whole-plant level reflects an integrated response which links photosynthesis to growth and maintenance processes. A root-mycocosm system is described which permits spatial separation of a portion of extramatrical hyphae growing in association with seedling roots. Using this system, it is shown that root/hyphal respiratory release of pulse-labeled C-14 follows a sigmoidal pattern, with typical lag, exponential and saturation phases. Total respiratory release of C-14 per mg root and the fraction respired of total C-14 allocated to the root is greater in ponderosa pine inoculated with Hebeloma crustuliniforme than in noninoculated controls. Results illustrate the nature of information that can be obtained using this system. Current projects using the mycocosms include characterizing the dynamics of carbon allocation under ozone stress, and following the fate of organic pollutants. The authors believe that the system could be used to differentiate fungal- and host-mediated responses to a large number of other stresses and to study a variety of physiological processes in mycorrhizal plants. RP ANDERSEN, CP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 68 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90051-W PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GE104 UT WOS:A1991GE10400005 PM 15092079 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK TURNER, DP AF DIXON, RK TURNER, DP TI THE GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE - RESPONSES AND FEEDBACKS FROM BELOWGROUND SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TROPICAL FORESTS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; DIOXIDE; DEFORESTATION; ATMOSPHERE; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH; SOILS; MODEL AB According to most global climate models, a continued build-up of CO2 and other greenhouse gases will lead to significant changes in temperature and precipitation patterns over large parts of the Earth. Below-ground processes will strongly influence the response of the biosphere to climate change and are likely to contribute to positive or negative biospheric feedbacks to climate change. Current global carbon budgets suggest that as much as 2000 Pg of carbon exists in soil systems. There is considerable disagreement, however, over pool sizes and flux (e.g. CO2, CH4) for various ecosystems. An equilibrium analysis of changes in global below-ground carbon storage due to a doubled-CO2 climate suggests a range from a possible sink of 41 Pg to a possible source of 101 Pg. Components of the terrestrial biosphere could be managed to sequester or conserve carbon and mitigate accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP DIXON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 75 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90052-X PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GE104 UT WOS:A1991GE10400006 PM 15092080 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR SEWELL, GW KOVACS, DA SMITH, GA AF HUTCHINS, SR SEWELL, GW KOVACS, DA SMITH, GA TI BIODEGRADATION OF AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS BY AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; DENITRIFICATION CONDITIONS; INSITU BIORESTORATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SUBSURFACE; ENVIRONMENTS; BACTERIA; BENZENE; SAND AB A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate whether denitrification would be a suitable alternative for biorestoration of an aquifer contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel. Microcosms were prepared from both uncontaminated and contaminated aquifer material from the site, in an anaerobic glovebox, amended with nitrate, nutrients, and aromatic hydrocarbons, and incubated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 12-degrees-C. With uncontaminated core material, there was no observable lag period prior to removal of toluene whereas 30 days was required before biodegradation commenced for xylenes, ethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. An identical test with contaminated aquifer material exhibited not only much longer lag periods but decreased rates of biodegradation; benzene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene were not significantly degraded within the 6-month time period even though active denitrification occurred at this time. First-order biodegradation rate constants ranged from 0.016 to 0.38 day-1 for uncontaminated core material and from 0.022 to 0.067 day-1 for contaminated core material. Tests with individual compounds in uncontaminated core indicated that benzene and m-xylene inhibited the basal rate of denitrification. These data demonstrate that several aromatic compounds can be degraded under denitrifying conditions, but rates of biodegradation may be lower in material contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 34 TC 169 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1021/es00013a005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP991 UT WOS:A1991EP99100010 ER PT J AU TILLITT, DE GIESY, JP ANKLEY, GT AF TILLITT, DE GIESY, JP ANKLEY, GT TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE H4IIE RAT HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING TOXIC POTENCY OF PLANAR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; INVITRO AHH INDUCTION; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; HYDROXYLASE INDUCTION; ENZYME-INDUCTION; FISH EXTRACTS; FACTORS TEFS; P-DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; BIPHENYLS AB An in vitro system, the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay, was characterized for use in assessing the overall toxic potency of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs in extracts from environmental samples. This in vitro bioassay of cytochrome P450IA1 catalytic activity in the H4IIE cells in response to planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs) was repeatable over time and standards were reproducible among laboratories when dosing conditions were similar. Three common extraction/cleanup procedures tested had no adverse affect on the response of the cells and biogenic interferences were not encountered. Comparison of the response of the H4IIE cells to extracts was calibrated against their response to the standard, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). This method of calibration proved to be effective for quantitation of known amounts of PHHs spiked into a sample matrix. The potential utility of this bioassay is as an integrative tool to assess the toxic potency of complex mixtures of PHHs. The results of this bioassay can complement chemical residue analysis and direct the need for such analysis, as well as aid in the interpretation of biological effects data from environmental studies. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,PESTICIDE RES CTR 201,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 52 TC 210 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1021/es00013a007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP991 UT WOS:A1991EP99100012 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M RINGHAND, HP STOBER, JA PAGE, NP OLSON, GR AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M RINGHAND, HP STOBER, JA PAGE, NP OLSON, GR TI SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF OZONATED AND OZONATED CHLORINATED HUMIC ACIDS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS - A MODEL SYSTEM FOR DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; BY-PRODUCTS; BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; OZONE; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered drinking water containing humic acids either non-disinfected or following ozonation (O3) or ozonation/chlorination (O3/Cl2) for 90 consecutive days. Test animals drank either of two concentrations of humic acids, 0.25 and 1.0 g/L total organic carbon (TOC), while controls received phosphate-buffered, distilled water. No consistent significant treatment-related effects were observed in body weight gain, organ weights, food or water consumption, or hematological and clinical chemistry parameters. No target organs were identified from the histopathological examination of the tissues. The most significant observation, an increase in liver to body weight ratio for the male animals in the 1.0 g/L O3/Cl2 humic acid group, was not observed in any other group, nor was it corroborated via any biochemical measurements or histopathological analysis. Kidney lesions, primarily chronic progressive nephropathy, were a common observation in both controls and treated groups with no apparent relationship to either humic acid concentration or the disinfection process. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ANDREW W BREIDENBACH ENVIRONM RES CTR,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1021/es00013a008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP991 UT WOS:A1991EP99100013 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, PM LONG, ER SWARTZ, RC DEWITT, TH PASTOROK, R AF CHAPMAN, PM LONG, ER SWARTZ, RC DEWITT, TH PASTOROK, R TI SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS, SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY AND BENTHIC ECOLOGY DO PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE SIGNIFICANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS - A REPLY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; WATER C1 NOAA,DIV OCEAN ASSESSMENTS,SEATTLE,WA 98115. US EPA,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR. OREGON STATE UNIV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. PTI ENVIRONM SCI INC,BELLEVUE,WA. RP CHAPMAN, PM (reprint author), EVS CONSULTANTS LTD,N VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EU280 UT WOS:A1991EU28000001 ER PT J AU BRADBURY, SP CARLSON, RW NIEMI, GJ HENRY, TR AF BRADBURY, SP CARLSON, RW NIEMI, GJ HENRY, TR TI USE OF RESPIRATORY CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES OF RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) IN IDENTIFYING ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES IN FISH .4. CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM SEIZURE AGENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDES; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; STRYCHNINE; RAINBOW TROUT; RESPIRATORY CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; STRYCHNINE; PESTICIDES; FOSSILIS; GLYCINE; TELEOST; BLOOD AB The respiratory-cardiovascular responses of spinally transected rainbow trout to acutely lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, endosulfan, endrin, and strychnine were examined. Common to all six toxicants, the most striking change in respiratory-cardiovascular parameters was an increased cough freqeuency. Ventilation frequency and volume dropped in strychnine-exposed trout, but both remained near predose levels (frequency) or elevated (volume) in the pyrethroid- and cyclodiene-exposed trout. In chlorpyrifos-intoxicated trout, ventilation frequency decreased while volume increased. Oxygen consumption remained near predose levels in the chlorpyrifos-, pyrethroid-, and strychnine-exposed trout, but increased dramatically in the cyclodiene-exposed trout. Arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH declined in all the toxicant groups. In the pyrethroid- and strychnine-exposed trout, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels tended to increase or remain constant during intoxication. Conversely, in the chlorpyrifos- and cyclodiene-exposed trout, values for these parameters decreased. The response for these pesticides (N = 23 fish) were combined with five fish acute toxicity syndrome (FATS) (N = 52 fish) previously described (non-polar narcosis syndrome, polar narcosis syndrome, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor syndrome, respiratory uncoupler syndrome, and respiratory irritant syndrome) and assessed using discriminant function analyses. The final analysis resulted in 93% correct classification of the trout. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. AMER SCI INT INC,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP BRADBURY, SP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[115:UORROR]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EU280 UT WOS:A1991EU28000013 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, SL NORBERGKING, TJ AF ANDERSON, SL NORBERGKING, TJ TI PRECISION OF SHORT-TERM CHRONIC TOXICITY TESTS IN THE REAL WORLD SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 SAN FRANCISCO BAY REG WATER,QUAL CONTROL BOARD,OAKLAND,CA 94607. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[143:POSCTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EY870 UT WOS:A1991EY87000001 ER PT J AU DITORO, DM HALLDEN, JA PLAFKIN, JL AF DITORO, DM HALLDEN, JA PLAFKIN, JL TI MODELING CERIODAPHNIA TOXICITY IN THE NAUGATUCK RIVER .2. COPPER, HARDNESS AND EFFLUENT INTERACTIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE WHOLE TOXICITY; ADDITIVITY; WATER QUALITY; MODEL; COPPER AB Previous studies have shown that whole toxicity in the Naugatuck River, Connecticut, does not exhibit additive behavior. The nature of whole toxicity in the river is reassessed using available water chemistry data to identify the primary toxicants and quantify their interactions in the river. Two major classes of toxicity-copper from industrial discharges and toxicity from publicly owned treatments works (POTWs)-are identified. A water quality model of whole toxicity is constructed, based on the analysis of specific toxicant data. The results are in closer agreement with observed instream toxicity than the previous model which assumed strict additivity of effluent toxicity. C1 HYDROQUAL INC,MAHWAH,NJ 07430. US EPA,DIV MONITORING & DATA SUPPORT,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP DITORO, DM (reprint author), MANHATTAN COLL,ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI PROGRAM,BRONX,NY 10471, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[261:MCTITN]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EY870 UT WOS:A1991EY87000016 ER PT J AU FORAN, JA HOLST, LL GIESY, JP AF FORAN, JA HOLST, LL GIESY, JP TI EFFECTS OF PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY OF ANTHRACENE ON ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FITNESS OF DAPHNIA-MAGNA - A REAPPRAISAL SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE ANTHRACENE; PHOTOENHANCED; TOXICITY; FITNESS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA ID EVOLUTION AB Holst and Giesy [1] reported photoenhanced effects of anthracene exposure on reproduction of Daphnia magna in terms of total clutch size and survival over a 21-d period. A reappraisal of those experiments, using additional data regarding time to first brood, average size of first brood and the intrinsic rate of increase, r(m), for exposures with and without anthracene and/or ultraviolet radiation (UVR), reveals that inferred impacts on genetic fitness as exemplified by r(m) are significant only for the highest exposure tested, whereas ecological fitness, measured by the time to first brood, was unimpaired at any combination of UVR and anthracene. C1 US EPA,REG 111,PROGRAM SUPPORT BRANCH,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP FORAN, JA (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT HLTH CARE SCI,ROOM 2B-422,2150 PENN AVE NE,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 3 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[425:EOPTOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FA833 UT WOS:A1991FA83300014 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RS WILLIAMS, BA SCHMEDDING, DW BENNETT, JK AF BENNETT, RS WILLIAMS, BA SCHMEDDING, DW BENNETT, JK TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY EXPOSURE TO METHYL PARATHION ON EGG-LAYING AND INCUBATION IN MALLARDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALLARD; METHYL PARATHION; NEST ABANDONMENT; NEST SUCCESS; INCUBATION ID LAUGHING GULLS; BEHAVIOR AB An outdoor pen study was conducted with mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to evaluate the effects of an 8-d dietary exposure to methyl parathion (400 ppm) on egg laying and incubation when treatment was initiated at different times in the nesting cycle. Treatment groups were defined as egg laying (chemical initiated after fourth egg laid in nest), early incubation (initiated after day 4 of incubation), late incubation (initiated after day 16 of incubation) and control (no chemical). Forty-eight pairs (12/group) were allowed to nest and hatch broods. In the egg laying group, daily egg production was reduced significantly during the treatment period compared to controls, but 4 of 10 hens resumed production post-treatment. One of ten control hens abandoned its nest, whereas 17 of 23 hens in the early and late incubation groups either died or exhibited changes in incubation behavior, with 7 hens abandoning their nests and 6 displaying reduced nest attentiveness for one or more days during treatment. Reproductive parameters were not significantly different between treatment groups, but the number of hatching per nest was 61, 43 and 58% of controls for the egg laying, early incubation and late incubation groups, respectively. This showed that nesting success may be impacted by short dietary exposures to methyl parathion, particularly during early incubation. RP BENNETT, RS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[501:EODETM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FC880 UT WOS:A1991FC88000010 ER PT J AU WALSH, GE WEBER, DE SIMON, TL BRASHERS, LK AF WALSH, GE WEBER, DE SIMON, TL BRASHERS, LK TI TOXICITY TESTS OF EFFLUENTS WITH MARSH PLANTS IN WATER AND SEDIMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ECHINOCHLOA; EFFLUENTS; GERMINATION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Methods are described for toxicity testing of water and sediment with two varieties of the freshwater marsh plant Echinochloa crusgalli (Linneaus) Palisot de Beauvois (Poaceae), and complex effluents. Two tests are described: a seed germination and early seedling growth test in water, and a survival and seedling growth test in natural and synthetic sediments. Effects of effluents from a sewage treatment plant, tannery, textile mill, pulp and paper mill, coking plant and sewage treatment plant included inhibition of germination, chlorophyll synthesis and growth. The tests with rooted marsh plants were sensitive to pollutants and detected toxicity of a range of pollutants in water and sediment. Synthetic sediments similar to natural sediments allowed toxicity tests to be done under carefully controlled conditions of particle size distribution, organic content, pH, electrode potential (Eh) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). RP WALSH, GE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 517 EP 525 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FC880 UT WOS:A1991FC88000012 ER PT J AU BUERGER, TT KENDALL, RJ MUELLER, BS DEVOS, T WILLIAMS, BA AF BUERGER, TT KENDALL, RJ MUELLER, BS DEVOS, T WILLIAMS, BA TI EFFECTS OF METHYL PARATHION ON NORTHERN BOBWHITE SURVIVABILITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; METHYL PARATHION; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; SURVIVABILITY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE ID CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; WILD BIRDS; FIELDS; GEESE AB The effects of methyl parathion on survivability of wild northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) were investigated from 1986 to 1988 near Tallahassee, Florida. In three field seasons, 197 bobwhites were administered 0, 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg methyl parathion in corn oil by oral intubation, released and monitored for 14 d using radio telemetry. Bobwhites receiving 6 mg/kg methyl parathion had lower survival (P = 0.022) than control birds due to predation, not overt toxicity. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among treatment groups in activity, but methyl parathion may have influenced covey integrity. Birds that survived methyl parathion treatment had brain cholinesterase activities similar to those of control bobwhites. The results suggest that if bobwhites receive sufficiently high methyl parathion exposure in their natural habitats, then their susceptibility to predation may increase. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,GRAD PROGRAM PHARMACOL TOXICOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CLEMSON UNIV,INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29632. TALL TIMBERS RES STN,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32312. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670. RP BUERGER, TT (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,POB 709,1 TIWET DR,PENDLETON,SC 29670, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[527:EOMPON]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FC880 UT WOS:A1991FC88000013 ER PT J AU NELSON, GM CLAXTON, LD CREASON, JP GEORGE, SE AF NELSON, GM CLAXTON, LD CREASON, JP GEORGE, SE TI A TOXICOLOGICAL SCREEN TO DETERMINE INVITRO SURVIVAL AND COMPETITION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY APPLIED PSEUDOMONADS WITH MOUSE FECAL MICROBIOTA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HEALTH EFFECT; PSEUDOMONAS SPP; COMPETITION; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PSEUDOMONADS ID BIPHENYL-DEGRADING PSEUDOMONADS; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COLONIZATION RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; TRACT; DEGRADATION; PATHOGENS; MODELS AB Engineered bacterial strains have been developed for several environmental uses, including bioremediation and application as biopesticides. Previous in vivo work in this laboratory examined the colonization and competition potential of Pseudomonas spp., isolated from a commercial product for PCB degradation with the intestinal flora of CD-1 mice. In the present study, the same pseudomonads and two additional Escherichia coli strains were evaluated by an in vitro tier testing approach developed to screen environmentally relevant microorganisms for their ability to colonize the mammalian intestinal tract and compete with the normal intestinal tract flora. In the initial tier, the competitor strains were tested for their ability to survive in anaerobic pure culture. Next, they were cultured anaerobically in the presence of mouse fecal microbiota. Finally, serial transfers were performed to monitor the survival and competition potential of each strain with the fecal microbiota. All of the tested strains survived for 48 h in pure culture, and all survived for 24 h in culture with the mouse fecal microbiota. Escherichia coli strains survived serial transfer through five cultures, although in declining numbers. Environmental Pseudomonas spp. survived transfer through three cultures but were not detected after four transfers. No effects of the competitor strains on the fecal microbiota were found. This in vitro system eventually will be used with human fecal microbiota. The potential consequences of human exposure to environmentally released microorganisms can than be extrapolated by comparison of human in vitro results with rodent in vitro and in vivo results in a parallelogram approach. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NELSON, GM (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[597:ATSTDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FK302 UT WOS:A1991FK30200006 ER PT J AU WEBER, EJ AF WEBER, EJ TI STUDIES OF BENZIDINE-BASED DYES IN SEDIMENT-WATER SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BENZIDINE-BASED DYES; SORPTION; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENT ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COVALENT BINDING; AROMATIC-AMINES; AZO DYE; METABOLISM; SORPTION; RAT; 3,3'-DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE; 3,3'-DIMETHYLBENZIDINE; QUINONES AB The sorption and degradation of several benzidine-based dyes were studied in sediment-water systems. Studies in resaturated sediment demonstrated that sorption was strongly dependent on pH and the nature and concentration of the inorganic salt in solution. Degradation of the dyes in anaerobic pond sediment followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with half-lives ranging from 2 to 16 d. Product studies indicated that the amount of recovered benzidine accounted for only 2 to 5% of lost Direct Red 28. Studies in pH-amended pond sediment demonstrated that degradation is inhibited when the dyes are strongly sorbed to the sediment. RP WEBER, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[609:SOBDIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FK302 UT WOS:A1991FK30200007 ER PT J AU CAIRNS, MA MAGUIRE, CC WILLIAMS, BA BENNETT, JK AF CAIRNS, MA MAGUIRE, CC WILLIAMS, BA BENNETT, JK TI BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF BOBWHITE ACUTELY EXPOSED TO CHLORPYRIFOS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BOBWHITE; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHOLINESTERASE; ACUTE EXPOSURE ID ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PARATHION; DIAZINON; RECOVERY; MICE AB Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus, were orally dosed with the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos to examine effects on brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Two-week-old quail were acutely exposed and euthanized at selected times following gavage-dosing, ranging from 1 to 120 h later. The ChE activity was determined in treated birds and compared to concurrently tested control (corn oil) birds. It was found that a lag time of 2 to 4 h following exposure was necessary to detect significant ChE depression caused by chlorpyrifos. The lowest dose that produced ChE depression in these tests was between approximately 30 and 50 mg chlorpyrifos/kg body weight, with some mortality occurring at the high end of that range. Depression typically persisted for at least 24 h. C1 US EPA, NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP CAIRNS, MA (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[657:BCAOBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FK302 UT WOS:A1991FK30200012 ER PT J AU WOLF, SD LASSITER, RR WOOTEN, SE AF WOLF, SD LASSITER, RR WOOTEN, SE TI PREDICTING CHEMICAL ACCUMULATION IN SHOOTS OF AQUATIC PLANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC PLANT; PREDICTIVE MODEL; DIFFUSION; CHLOROBENZENES; BIOCONCENTRATION ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER; SOIL; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; BARLEY; FATE AB Chemical exchange dynamics expected for diffusive transfer of a chemical between aqueous solution and plant shoots, and expected bioconcentration based on partitioning properties of the chemical, are explored by using a three-compartment model. The model utilizes three dynamic compartments - leaves, stems, and aqueous exposure medium. Chemical mass flux is dependent on the morphometry of the plant species, on exposure concentration, and on partitioning character of the chemical. The steady-state bioconcentration factor (K(SH)) is dependent on composition of the plant species and partitioning character of the chemical. The model was parameterized for three species of aquatic plants (Myriophyllum spicatum, Bacopa caroliniana, and Hydrilla verticillata) and two chlorinated benzenes (1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene [TCB] and 1,2-dichlorobenzene [DCB]). Predictions of uptake and bioconcentration are compared to results of static laboratory studies conducted with whole shoots of the three species over exposure periods ranging from 1 h to 21 d. Predicted tissue burdens and K(SH) values are generally within one standard deviation of measured values. Shoots approach steady-state tissue burdens between 1 and 3 d after initial exposure. K(SH) values for TCB (360-750), the more hydrophobic chemical, are at least an order of magnitude greater than those measured for DCB (11-28). C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP WOLF, SD (reprint author), US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 665 EP 680 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[665:PCAISO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FK302 UT WOS:A1991FK30200013 ER PT J AU PESCH, CE MUNNS, WR GUTJAHRGOBELL, R AF PESCH, CE MUNNS, WR GUTJAHRGOBELL, R TI EFFECTS OF A CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT ON LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS AND POPULATION-GROWTH RATE OF NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA (POLYCHAETA, NEREIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POLYCHAETES; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; POPULATION GROWTH RATE; NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA ID WATER-SOLUBLE-FRACTIONS; 2 FUEL OIL; CHRONIC TOXICITY; TABLE EVALUATION; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; NEPHTYS-INCISA; REPRODUCTION; DAPHNIA; ANNELIDA; CHROMIUM AB The effects of a highly contaminated sediment on life history traits and population dynamics of the nereid polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata Moore were assessed in a laboratory experiment. Survival, growth and fecundity were measured for one generation of worms exposed to 40 and 10% Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut (BRH) sediment (a contaminated sediment), 100% reference (REF) sediment from central Long Island Sound (the control) and a no-sediment treatment (to follow progress of pairing and reproduction). The BRH sediment did not affect survival or size of adults or number of broods. Number of eggs per brood appeared to be lower in 40% BRH sediment than 10% BRH or REF sediment, but the difference was not significant (1,397, 1,621 and 1,556 eggs per brood, respectively). However, number of larvae per brood was significantly lower in the 40% BRH sediment than in 10% BRH or REF sediment (363, 770 and 850 larvae per brood, respectively). Number of juveniles appeared to be lower in 40% BRH than in the other sediment treatments, although the differences were not significant. Size of juveniles did not differ in the sediment treatments. The finite multiplication rate of population increase, lambda, was the same for all treatments. The lack of significant differences but the presence of some trends may indicate that 40% BRH sediment was not a high enough dose to produce significant effects. Effects of BRH sediment on other species are discussed. In conjunction with an earlier study, this work demonstrates that population responses of life-cycle tests with Neanthes arenaceodentata can be used to evaluate the chronic toxicity of sediments, which could provide comparative toxicological data to evaluate the relative sensitivity of this and other marine species and may serve as a model system to study questions in population biology. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI. RP PESCH, CE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 6 BP 805 EP 815 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[805:EOACSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FR698 UT WOS:A1991FR69800011 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, CA MENZIE, CA BURMASTER, DE WILBORN, DC ERNST, T AF CALLAHAN, CA MENZIE, CA BURMASTER, DE WILBORN, DC ERNST, T TI ON-SITE METHODS FOR ASSESSING CHEMICAL-IMPACT ON THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT USING EARTHWORMS - A CASE-STUDY AT THE BAIRD AND MCGUIRE SUPERFUND SITE, HOLBROOK, MASSACHUSETTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ON-SITE ASSESSMENT; EARTHWORMS; FOOD CHAIN; MORBIDITY ID EISENIA-FOETIDA; DIELDRIN; DDT AB Five Lumbricus terrestris Linneaus were placed into enclosures at a field site and evaluated after 7 d. The enclosures were distributed in transects throughout areas of high and low contamination and in a reference area. Observations of earthworm responses for mortality, morbidity (coiling, stiffening, swelling, lesions) and whole body burden were compared to chemical measurements in corresponding soil samples. Nine chemicals (DDT, DDE, DDD, alpha-chlordane, gamma-chlordane, chlordene, gamma-chlordene, endrin, nonachlor) were measured in the whole body of earthworms and soil samples. Various levels of impact were described by scoring earthworm responses from sampling locations throughout the field site. A ranking of the sample locations from low to high impact by the earthworm response variables is directly correlated to the ranking of these locations for concentrations of total chlordane and total DDT in corresponding soil samples. Results show acute toxicity to earthworms placed on-site and suggest that whole body concentrations could impact earthworm predators. In addition, the on-site method eliminates the need to transport soils to off-site laboratories, thus preventing subsequent disposal issues. C1 MENZIE & ASSOCIATES INC,CHELMSFORD,MA 01824. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COMP SCI CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP CALLAHAN, CA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 6 BP 817 EP 826 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[817:OMFACI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FR698 UT WOS:A1991FR69800012 ER PT J AU NORBERGKING, TJ DURHAN, EJ ANKLEY, GT ROBERT, E AF NORBERGKING, TJ DURHAN, EJ ANKLEY, GT ROBERT, E TI APPLICATION OF TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION PROCEDURES TO THE AMBIENT WATERS OF THE COLUSA BASIN DRAIN, CALIFORNIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CARBOFURAN; METHYL PARATHION; CERIODAPHNIA; TIE TRE; AMBIENT ID INSECTICIDES AB Pesticides are applied to the rice fields in the Sacramento Valley to prevent the growth of plants, algae and insects that reduce rice yields. Following the pesticide application, field water is released into agricultural drains that in turn discharge into the Sacramento River and delta. Rice irrigation is the largest single use of irrigation water in the Sacramento Valley, and because the irrigation water (or rice return) flows are the primary source of drain effluent during the spring and summer (up to 33% of the total flow), these discharges can significantly affect drain water quality and resident aquatic organisms. Acute and chronic toxicity to freshwater organisms (Ceriodaphnia dubia) was observed in the drain water during the period that coincides with the initial draining of the fields in 1986, 1987 and 1988. In 1988, a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was conducted using Ceriodaphnia dubia in an effort to identify the cause of toxicity. Both methyl parathion and carbofuran were identified as possible toxicants. Mixture tests and chronic toxicity tests indicated that the concentrations of methyl parathion and carbofuran in the water sample account for the toxicity observed in Ceriodaphnia dubia. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP NORBERGKING, TJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 30 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 7 BP 891 EP 900 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[891:AOTIEP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FW116 UT WOS:A1991FW11600005 ER PT J AU SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK ANKLEY, GT AF SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK ANKLEY, GT TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF AMMONIA, METALS AND NONPOLAR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS TO THE TOXICITY OF SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER FROM AN ILLINOIS RIVER TRIBUTARY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT TOXICITY; PORE WATER TOXICITY; TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION; ELUTRIATE TOXICITY ID PUGET-SOUND; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Toxicity of Illinois River bulk sediment, sediment interstitial (pore) water and elutriates to the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the amphipod Hyalella azteca was compared to determine the most representative aqueous fraction for toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) studies. Toxicity of pore water corresponded better than elutriates to bulk sediment toxicity. Subsequent TIE procedures conducted with the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia indicated that ammonia, metals and nonpolar organic compounds (nonylphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzenes, long-chain hydrocarbons) were responsible for toxicity of the sediment pore water. Results of TIE manipulations also suggested that methods for recovering pore water that include filtration may eliminate, a priori, a major component of the sediment contaminants responsible for toxicity. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK (reprint author), ASCI CORP,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 41 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 7 BP 925 EP 939 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[925:TCOAMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FW116 UT WOS:A1991FW11600009 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD COLLETTE, TW MCGUIRE, JM AF RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD COLLETTE, TW MCGUIRE, JM TI APPLICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL TECHNIQUES TO THE PRECISE IDENTIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MULTISPECTRAL IDENTIFICATION; ALDEHYDES; MUNICIPAL SEWER; MASS SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ID TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRINKING-WATER; HAZARDOUS-WASTE; BY-PRODUCTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANICS; EXTRACTS; ACIDS; LAKE AB By using gas chromatography coupled with low- and high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry, low- and high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, eight straight-chain aldehydes were identified in a water sample taken from the overflow pipe of a municipal sewer line that contained a combination of industrial and domestic sewage. This combination of infrared and mass spectral techniques yielded precise identifications of n-hexanal, n-heptanal, 2-heptenal, n-octanal, 2-octenal, n-nonanal, 2-decenal, and 2-undecenal. These findings were significant because few straight-chain aldehydes have been identified in the environment, and all those previously found were saturated. RP RICHARDSON, SD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 8 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[991:AOMTTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FZ385 UT WOS:A1991FZ38500003 ER PT J AU YEN, CPC PERENICH, TA BAUGHMAN, GL AF YEN, CPC PERENICH, TA BAUGHMAN, GL TI FATE OF COMMERCIAL DISPERSE DYES IN SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DYES; KINETICS; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION ID AQUATIC SYSTEMS; SOLUBILITY AB Kinetics of disappearance of seven different disperse dyes were determined in compacted sediments at room temperature. The commercial dyes (in dispersed solid form) were representative of nitroazo, anthraquinone, and quinoline structures that are widely used. Reaction rates were found to be first order over at least two half-lives and were different for the three groups of dyes. Half-lives were on the order of hours, days, and months for the nitroazobenzene, aminoanthraquinone, and quinoline dyes, respectively. Stability of the latter is consistent with detection of a quinoline dye in treatment plant sludge and in sediment from a water body receiving treated effluent. The azobenzene dyes are degraded by cleavage of the azo group to give anilines and ring-substituted phenylenediamines from the diazo component of the molecule. Products from the other portion (coupling component) of the molecule are unidentified, as yet, but are expected to be N,N-disubstituted phenylenediamines. Products of the anthraquinone dyes were unidentified, except for the case of a nitrated dye on which the nitro group was reduced. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT TEXT MERCHANDISING & INTERIORS,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1017 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1009:FOCDDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FZ385 UT WOS:A1991FZ38500005 ER PT J AU MUELLER, C ANDERSON, S PESCH, G AF MUELLER, C ANDERSON, S PESCH, G TI GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF COMPLEX MARINE SEDIMENT EXTRACTS ON V79 CHINESE-HAMSTER LUNG FIBROBLASTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE; INVITRO; MARINE SEDIMENT EXTRACT ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; INDUCTION AB A mammalian in vitro system was used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of two complex environmental samples. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were measured in Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblast cells, following exposure to whole extracts of sediments collected from a highly contaminated harbor-Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut (BRH)-and from a reference site-central Long Island Sound (CLIS). Characterization of BRH sediment by analysis of prepared chemical extracts revealed high concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, anthraquinones, carbazoles, and several inorganic substances that are genotoxic and capable of inducing SCEs. The CLIS sediment, although cleaner than BRH sediment, does contain low levels of similar contaminants. For instance, BRH sediment contains 3.16-mu-g/g of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BP), whereas CLIS sediment contains only 0.807-mu-g/g BP. Sediments were extracted with organic solvents and redissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for culture exposure. Following exposure, extract-treated cells were evaluated for increased frequencies of SCEs. All assays were performed with and without exogenous S9 activation. Positive responses were observed only in the presence of exogenous S9 metabolism. Results indicated a concentration-dependent increase in SCEs in cells exposed to whole BRH sediment extracts and a smaller but significant increase in SCEs in cells exposed to whole CLIS sediment extracts. Four times as much CLIS material (0.13 g extracted sediment [dry wt.]/ml of exposure media) was needed to induce a significant doubling in SCEs, compared to BRH material, in which only 0.03 g extracted sediment (dry wt.)/ml of exposure media was needed. These findings imply that this short-term in vitro bioassay can be used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of complex environmental samples such as contaminated marine sediments. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP MUELLER, C (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1149 EP 1153 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1149:GEOCMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GE725 UT WOS:A1991GE72500006 ER PT J AU BRADBURY, SP CHRISTENSEN, GM AF BRADBURY, SP CHRISTENSEN, GM TI INHIBITION OF ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY BY ACETYLENIC AND ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS - CONCORDANCE WITH INVIVO ELECTROPHILE REACTIVITY IN FISH SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACETYLENIC ALCOHOLS; ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY; RAINBOW TROUT ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; TOXICITY; INACTIVATION AB Acetylenic and allylic alcohols have been reported to be 20 to 5,000 times more acutely toxic to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) than would be expected from a narcosis-based mechanism of action. The greater-than-expected toxicity of these alcohols has been proposed to be a result of metabolic activation to the corresponding reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes or allene derivatives. Using purified horse liver and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic cytosol alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) preparations, the propensity of a series of acetylenic and allylic alcohols to inhibit enzyme activity, in both the presence and the absence of reduced glutathione, was ascertained. Those alcohols classified as reactive toxicants in acute toxicity tests were generally effective inhibitors of ADH activity, whereas those alcohols classified as narcotics were generally ineffective inhibitors. The results from this study suggest that (a) acetylenic and allylic alcohols may be metabolically activated to reactive species and (b) to compare and ultimately predict the toxicity of these unsaturated alcohols, their rates of metabolic activation and the reactivity of the subsequently produced aldehydes must be quantified. RP BRADBURY, SP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1155 EP 1160 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1155:IOADAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GE725 UT WOS:A1991GE72500007 ER PT J AU HALE, DD ROGERS, JE WIEGEL, J AF HALE, DD ROGERS, JE WIEGEL, J TI ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS CORRELATED TO DICHLOROPHENOL DECHLORINATION IN ANOXIC FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; DICHLOROPHENOLS; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ID REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; METHANOGENIC AQUIFER; WATER SEDIMENTS; MICROORGANISMS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL; DEGRADATION; SULFATE; CHLOROANILINES; CHLOROPHENOLS AB The reductive dechlorination of three dichlorophenol (DCP) isomers was studied in anoxic sediments collected every other month for a year from five sites in one pond. Several physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the sediments also were determined to identify correlations with DCP dechlorination that may be used to predict the persistence of these compounds in anoxic sediments. Stepwise regression indicated that for 2,5- and 3,4-DCP, sediment pH, redox potential (Eh), and concentration of sulfate and nitrate accounted for 83% of the variation in T50 values (time for dechlorination of 50% of a DCP to a monochlorophenol). Although the number of sediment microorganisms that dechlorinate 2,4-DCP varied two orders of magnitude in sediments collected during the study year, regression analysis indicated that neither this nor any other variables could account for greater than 50% of the variation in T50 values for 2,4-DCP. Chlorine was preferentially removed from the aromatic ring in the order ortho > para > meta; however, the influence of chlorine position on the ring on the persistence of the DCPs was generally not statistically significant. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HALE, DD (reprint author), US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1255 EP 1265 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1255:EFCTDD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GL088 UT WOS:A1991GL08800004 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT PHIPPS, GL LEONARD, EN BENOIT, DA MATTSON, VR KOSIAN, PA COTTER, AM DIERKES, JR HANSEN, DJ MAHONY, JD AF ANKLEY, GT PHIPPS, GL LEONARD, EN BENOIT, DA MATTSON, VR KOSIAN, PA COTTER, AM DIERKES, JR HANSEN, DJ MAHONY, JD TI ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE AS A FACTOR MEDIATING CADMIUM AND NICKEL BIOAVAILABILITY IN CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; METALS; SEDIMENT; TOXICITY ID QUALITY CRITERIA; TOXICITY; MIXTURES; WATER AB We investigated the influence of sulfide, measured as acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), on the bioavailability of cadmium and nickel in sediments. Seventeen samples from an estuarine system heavily contaminated with cadmium and nickel were analyzed for AVS and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and tested in 10-d exposures with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Molar SEM (cadmium + nickel)/AVS ratios in the sediments ranged from less than one to greater than 200, with several in the range of 1 to 10. Samples with SEM/AVS ratios greater than one were consistently toxic to Hyalella azteca, whereas sediments with ratios less than one were not. Lumbriculus variegatus was less sensitive to the test sediments than Hyalella azteca, which was consistent with their relative sensitivity to cadmium and nickel in water-only exposures. SEM/AVS ratios in the sediments also appeared to be important in determining bioaccumulation of metals by Lumbriculus variegatus. These results support other studies with metal-spiked samples in demonstrating the importance of AVS in determining metal bioavailability in sediments and suggest that AVS normalization is a reasonable means for assessing the hazard of some sediment-associated metals to aquatic ecosystems. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. MANHATTAN COLL,DEPT CHEM,BRONX,NY 10471. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 23 TC 134 Z9 151 U1 2 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1299 EP 1307 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1299:ASAAFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GL088 UT WOS:A1991GL08800009 ER PT J AU CARLSON, AR PHIPPS, GL MATTSON, VR KOSIAN, PA COTTER, AM AF CARLSON, AR PHIPPS, GL MATTSON, VR KOSIAN, PA COTTER, AM TI THE ROLE OF ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE IN DETERMINING CADMIUM BIOAVAILABILITY AND TOXICITY IN FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; CADMIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE AB The objective of this study was to determine if the acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) content of freshwater sediments was important in limiting the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium. Five different concentrations of cadmium were spiked into sediments with three different AVS concentrations, and 10-d exposures with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and the snail Helisoma sp. were conducted. Concurrent water-only cadmium exposures were also conducted. When the cadmium-to-AVS ratios were less-than-or-equal-to 1, toxicity was not observed. At ratios less-than-or-equal-to 1, mean whole-body cadmium residue concentrations of organisms were approximately equal to or less than the maximum residues obtained in survivors of the cadmium exposures in water only. These results corroborated the results of a previous experiment conducted with saltwater sediments and indicate that metal/AVS relationships could be used to establish numeric sediment quality criteria for use in the protection of aquatic life. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP CARLSON, AR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 14 TC 76 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1309 EP 1319 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1309:TROASI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GL088 UT WOS:A1991GL08800010 ER PT J AU LEWIS, PA HORNING, WB AF LEWIS, PA HORNING, WB TI DIFFERENCES IN ACUTE TOXICITY TEST-RESULTS OF 3 REFERENCE TOXICANTS ON DAPHNIA AT 2 TEMPERATURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACUTE TOXICITY; DAPHNIA; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; CADMIUM ID MAGNA; REPRODUCTION; PULEX AB Ten 48-h static acute toxicity tests were conducted with Daphnia magna Straus and Daphnia pulex Leydig with each of the three reference toxicants - sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP), and cadmium (Cd) (as CdCl2)-at 20 and 26-degrees-C to investigate the effect of temperature on test results at the temperature extremes usually encountered during field studies. The mean 48-h LC50 value for SDS with Daphnia pulex at 26-degrees-C was lower (10.2 mg/L) than at 20-degrees-C (12.6 mg/L), but the difference was not significant (alpha = 0.05). For Daphnia magna the mean LC50 was significantly (alpha = 0.05) lower at 26-degrees-C (10.8 mg/L) than at 20-degrees-C (13.5 mg/L). Sensitivity of either species to NaPCP was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) at the two temperatures. The data show a fourfold increase in sensitivity to Cd at the higher temperature with Daphnia magna (mean LC50 = 0.038 mg/L at 20-degrees-C and 0.009 mg/L at 26-degrees-C) and a sevenfold increase with Daphnia pulex (mean LC50 = 0.042 mg/L at 20-degrees-C and 0.006 mg/L at 26-degrees-C). These data indicate that toxicity tests conducted at 20 and 26-degrees-C may give significantly different results with Daphnia. Because test precision, control survival, and the likelihood of obtaining valid tests are better at 20-degrees-C, that temperature is recommended for acute toxicity tests with Daphnia. RP LEWIS, PA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 28 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1351 EP 1357 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1351:DIATTR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GL088 UT WOS:A1991GL08800014 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK DIERKES, JR AF ANKLEY, GT SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK DIERKES, JR TI PREDICTING THE TOXICITY OF BULK SEDIMENTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS WITH AQUEOUS TEST FRACTIONS - PORE WATER VS ELUTRIATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BULK SEDIMENT; PORE WATER; ELUTRIATE; TOXICITY ID RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; RIVER; BAY AB The objective of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity of bulk sediment vs. pore water or elutriate to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus). A total of 29 different samples from seven sites were used for this analysis. In most instances, pore water was more toxic than corresponding elutriate. Based on the results of these assays, pore water, but not elutriate, was an effective test fraction for predicting the presence of bulk sediment toxicity; however, there were a number of observations of pore water toxicity in the absence of bulk sediment toxicity. Data from this study concerning the sensitivity of Pimephales promelas, Hyalella azteca, and Lumbriculus variegatus to bulk sediment vs. pore water or elutriate suggest that upper-water-column species are inappropriate organisms for use in bulk sediment tests focused on evaluating in situ toxicity to benthic Hyalella azteca was the most sensitive and Lumbriculus variegatus the least sensitive species evaluated. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 25 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1359 EP 1366 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1359:PTTOBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GL088 UT WOS:A1991GL08800015 ER PT J AU KARICKHOFF, SW MCDANIEL, VK MELTON, C VELLINO, AN NUTE, DE CARREIRA, LA AF KARICKHOFF, SW MCDANIEL, VK MELTON, C VELLINO, AN NUTE, DE CARREIRA, LA TI PREDICTING CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY BY COMPUTER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PKA; UV-VISIBLE; REACTIVITY; QSAR ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY AB Mathematical models for predicting the fate of pollutants in the environment require reactivity parameter values - that is, the physical and chemical constants that govern reactivity. Although empirical structure-activity relationships have been developed that allow estimation of some constants, such relationships generally hold only within limited families of chemicals. Computer programs are under development that predict chemical reactivity strictly from molecular structure for a broad range of molecular structures. A prototype computer system called SPARC (SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) uses computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate a variety of reactivity parameters (e.g., equilibrium/rate constants, UV-visible absorption spectra, etc.). This capability crosses chemical family boundaries to cover a broad range of organic compounds. SPARC does not do "first principles" computation, but seeks to analyze chemical structure relative to a specific reactivity query in much the same manner in which an expert chemist would do so. Molecular structures are broken into functional units with known intrinsic reactivity. This intrinsic behavior is modified for a specific molecule in question with mechanistic perturbation models. To date, computational procedures have been developed for UV-visible light absorption spectra, ionization pK(a), hydrolysis rate constants, and numerous physical properties. This paper describes the logic of the approach to chemistry prediction and provides an overview of the computational procedures. Additional papers are in preparation describing in detail the chemical models and specific applications. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,CTR ADV COMPUTAT METHODS,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KARICKHOFF, SW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1405 EP 1416 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1405:PCRBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GM688 UT WOS:A1991GM68800005 ER PT J AU RANDALL, RC LEE, H OZRETICH, RJ AF RANDALL, RC LEE, H OZRETICH, RJ TI EVALUATION OF SELECTED LIPID METHODS FOR NORMALIZING POLLUTANT BIOACCUMULATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LIPID; BIOACCUMULATION; LIPID ANALYSIS; BIOACCUMULATION MODELING ID FUGACITY-BASED MODEL; C-14 DDT; SEDIMENT; BINDING; TISSUE AB Current environmental models use organism lipid concentrations to estimate maximum pollutant bioaccumulation potentials. This collaborative study has shown that significantly different lipid concentrations (3.5 x) are found when using common, but different, extraction solvents and methods. Based on these variable lipid values, models that estimate tissue pollutant concentrations normalized to lipid will give significantly different bioaccumulation estimates. To reduce that variability, a standard lipid method needs to be developed or adopted. C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP RANDALL, RC (reprint author), US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,ERL N,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,2111 SE MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1431 EP 1436 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[1431:EOSLMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GM688 UT WOS:A1991GM68800008 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR AF HUTCHINS, SR TI OPTIMIZING BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AQUIFER; BIODEGRADATION; BTEX; DENITRIFICATION; MICROCOSM ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; AQUIFER; DENITRIFICATION; BIORESTORATION; TOLUENE; ABSENCE; SAND AB Laboratory tests were conducted to determine optimum conditions for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (collectively known as BTEX) biodegradation by aquifer microorganisms under denitrifying conditions. Microcosms, constructed with aquifer samples from Traverse City, Michigan, were amended with selected concentrations of nutrients and one or more hydrocarbons. Toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and p-xylene were degraded to below 5-mu-g/L when present as sole source substrates; stoichiometric calculations indicated that nitrate removal was sufficient to account for 70 to 80% of the compounds being mineralized. Omicron-xylene was recalcitrant when present as a sole source substrate, but was slowly degraded in the presence of the other hydrocarbons. Benzene was not degraded within one year, regardless of whether it was available as a sole source substrate or in combination with toluene, phenol, or catechol. Pre-exposure to low levels of BTEX and nutrients had variable effects, as did the addition of different concentrations of ammonia and phosphate. Nitrate concentrations as high as 500 mg/L NO3-N were slightly inhibitory. These data indicate that nitrate-mediated biodegradation of BTEX at Traverse City can occur under a variety of environmental conditions with rates relatively independent of nutrient concentrations. However, the data reaffirm that benzene is recalcitrant under strictly anaerobic conditions in these samples. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1437 EP 1448 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GM688 UT WOS:A1991GM68800009 ER PT J AU DITORO, DM ZARBA, CS HANSEN, DJ BERRY, WJ SWARTZ, RC COWAN, CE PAVLOU, SP ALLEN, HE THOMAS, NA PAQUIN, PR AF DITORO, DM ZARBA, CS HANSEN, DJ BERRY, WJ SWARTZ, RC COWAN, CE PAVLOU, SP ALLEN, HE THOMAS, NA PAQUIN, PR TI TECHNICAL BASIS FOR ESTABLISHING SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA FOR NONIONIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS USING EQUILIBRIUM PARTITIONING SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE EQUILIBRIUM PARTITIONING; SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; ORGANIC CARBON NORMALIZATION ID AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; WATER; SORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; COEFFICIENTS; TOXICITY; HYDROCARBONS AB The purpose of this review paper is to present the technical basis for establishing sediment quality criteria using equilibrium partitioning (EqP). Equilibrium partitioning is chosen because it addresses the two principal technical issues that must be resolved: the varying bioavailability of chemicals in sediments and the choice of the appropriate biological effects concentration. The data that are used to examine the question of varying bioavailability across sediments are from toxicity and bioaccumulation experiments utilizing the same chemical and test organism but different sediments. It has been found that if the different sediments in each experiment are compared, there is essentially no relationship between sediment chemical concentrations on a dry weight basis and biological effects. However, if the chemical concentrations in the pore water of the sediment are used (for chemicals that are not highly hydrophobic) or if the sediment chemical concentrations on an organic carbon basis are used, then the biological effects occur at similar concentrations (within a factor of two) for the different sediments. In addition, the effects concentrations are the same as, or they can be predicted from, the effects concentration determined in water-only exposures. The EqP methodology rationalizes these results by assuming that the partitioning of the chemical between sediment organic carbon and pore water is at equilibrium. In each of these phases, the fugacity or activity of the chemical is the same at equilibrium. As a consequence, it is assumed that the organism receives an equivalent exposure from a water-only exposure or from any equilibrated phase; either from pore water via respiration; from sediment carbon via ingestion; or from a mixture of the routes. Thus, the pathway of exposure is not significant. The biological effect is produced by the chemical activity of the single phase or the equilibrated system. Sediment quality criteria for nonionic organic chemicals are based on the chemical concentration in sediment organic carbon. For highly hydrophobic chemicals this is necessary because the pore water concentration is, for those chemicals, no longer a good estimate of the chemical activity. The pore water concentration is the sum of the free chemical concentration, which is bioavailable and represents the chemical activity, and the concentration of chemical complexed to dissolved organic carbon, which, as the data presented below illustrate, is not bioavailable. Using the chemical concentration in sediment organic carbon eliminates this ambiguity. Sediment quality criteria also require that a chemical concentration be chosen that is sufficiently protective of benthic organisms. The final chronic value (FCV) from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) water quality criteria is proposed. An analysis of the data compiled in the water quality criteria documents demonstrates that benthic species, defined as either epibenthic or infaunal species, have a similar sensitivity to water column species. This is the case if the most sensitive species are compared and if all species are compared. The results of benthic colonization experiments also support the use of the FCV. Equilibrium partitioning cannot remove all the variation in the experimentally observed sediment-effects concentration and the concentration predicted from water-only exposures. A variation of approximately a factor of two to three remains. Hence, it is recognized that a quantification of this uncertainty should accompany the sediment quality criteria. The derivation of sediment quality criteria requires the octanol/water partition coefficient of the chemical. It should be measured with modern "experimental techniques, which appear to remove the large variation in reported values. The derivation of the final chronic value should also be updated to include the most recent toxicological information. C1 US EPA, OFF SCI & TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, NARRAGANSETT, RI USA. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, NARRAGANSETT, RI USA. US EPA, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. EBASCO ENVIRONM, BELLEVUE, WA 98004 USA. UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, NEWARK, DE 19716 USA. US EPA, DULUTH, MN 55804 USA. HYDROQUAL INC, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA. RP MANHATTAN COLL, ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI PROGRAM, BRONX, NY 10471 USA. NR 81 TC 915 Z9 947 U1 11 U2 123 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1583 DI 10.1002/etc.5620101203 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GR759 UT WOS:A1991GR75900003 ER PT J AU SUSETYO, W CARREIRA, LA AZARRAGA, LV GRIMM, DM AF SUSETYO, W CARREIRA, LA AZARRAGA, LV GRIMM, DM TI FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES FOR METAL-HUMIC INTERACTIONS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; BINDING; SUBSTANCES; PROTONS AB Two fluorescence techniques to study metal-humic interactions are presented. In the first technique, Lanthanide Ion Probe Spectroscopy (LIPS), the humic samples are titrated by Eu3+ ions. The ratio of the intensities of two emission lines of Eu3+, R = I592/I616, is used to estimate the amount of bound and free species of the probe ions. The titration plot is presented as R versus the logarithm of total added Eu3+. In the second technique, fluorescence quenching of the humic material by Cu2+ is used to produce titration curves of intensity versus the logarithm of total added Cu2+. The two techniques are used in conjunction with a model that treats the various ligands in humic substances as continuous distributions of binding sites in which individual ligand concentrations are normally distributed with respect to the individual stability constants for metal binding. The model includes the effects of pH, ionic strength, and competing metal ions. The parameters of the model are estimated by fitting the spectral titration data to the calculated titration plot. Some simulation and experimental data are presented and discussed. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PY 1991 VL 339 IS 9 BP 624 EP 635 DI 10.1007/BF00325549 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FF157 UT WOS:A1991FF15700006 ER PT J AU GABLE, FJ AUBREY, DG GENTILE, JH AF GABLE, FJ AUBREY, DG GENTILE, JH TI GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE ISSUES IN THE WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN REGION SO GEOFORUM LA English DT Review ID TIDE-GAUGE RECORDS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; EAST-AFRICAN REGION; RELATIVE SEA LEVELS; RAIN FORESTS; CORAL REEFS; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; DEFORESTATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Mounting evidence from both instrumental and proxy records shows global climate continues to change. Analysis of near-surface temperatures over land and oceans during the past 130 years shows marked warming during the first half of this century with relatively steady temperatures through the mid-1970s followed by a rapid warming during the 1980s. The source of this warming is unclear at present. The warmest decade in the recent record is the 1980s with some of the most pronounced warming occurring in the lower latitudes, including the Western Indian Ocean. In the context of this study, the important consequences of climate warming are: (1) the potential impacts associated with rising sea level due to thermal expansion of the oceans; (2) melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers; (3) the increased frequency, intensity, and seasonality of tropical storms and the monsoon season; and (4) changes in local land-use practices. Rising sea level, coupled with meteorological changes, creates a potential for increased coastal erosion and loss of coastal habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, and coral reef communities. These potential impacts may affect future land-use and development practices. For example, the curtailment of tourism could after economic growth and development. Forecasting the potential regional and local impacts of global warming is not a trivial problem. General circulation models presently do not provide the necessary fine-scale resolution required for ascertaining such smaller-scale effects. In addition, there is little agreement between the forecasts from different models of past, present, or future patterns on such fundamental climate variables as precipitation and air temperature. The absence of quality regional and local tide-gauge data of the appropriate duration necessary for calculating changes in the relative sea level exacerbates the existing theoretical uncertainty. Nevertheless, the potential impacts do represent present-day problems resulting from the alteration and acceleration of naturally occurring processes through man's activities. These types of future problems which typify the impacts forecast as a result of global warming are occurring now, partly because of human activities. Such insular impacts in the Western Indian Ocean region should be used by local governments as case studies for educating the populace, developing remedial activities, analyzing socioeconomic patterns, and formulating long-term management and policy strategies that will minimize unwanted future changes. Finally, a regional strategy is needed to address the following issues: (1) the acquisition and interpretation of tide-gauge and other geodetic data to provide estimates of the local and regional relative sea-level rise; (2) a plan to identify and suggest possible mitigation for regional and local activities (land use, economic development practices, industrial development etc.) that may directly contribute to enhanced global warming through the release of carbon dioxide and other radiatively active gases; (3) the development of regional and local policies (e.g. land use, coastal zoning, building setbacks, etc.) to minimize the impacts resulting from extant and possible future relative sea-level rise and meteorological changes; and (4) the linkages between potential changes in global (regional) climate and present anthropogenic stress upon the environment-that is, cumulative impact assessment. The challenge is to recognize the need for regional and local action in the absence of site-specific data, or scientific certainty. C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI. RP GABLE, FJ (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,COASTAL RES CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7185 J9 GEOFORUM JI Geoforum PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 401 EP 419 DI 10.1016/0016-7185(91)90021-H PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA GW442 UT WOS:A1991GW44200004 ER PT J AU YUNG, YL DEMORE, WB PINTO, JP AF YUNG, YL DEMORE, WB PINTO, JP TI ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE BETWEEN CARBON-DIOXIDE AND OZONE VIA O(1D) IN THE STRATOSPHERE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; HEAVY OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ATOM EXCHANGE; FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; O-2; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCHARGE AB We propose a novel mechanism for isotopic exchange between CO2 and O3 via O(1D) + CO2 --> CO3* followed by CO3* --> CO2 + O(3P). A one-dimensional model calculation shows that this mechanism can account for the enrichment in O-18 in the stratospheric CO2 observed by Gamo et al. [1981]. The implications of this mechanism for other stratospheric species and as a source of isotopically heavy CO2 in the troposphere are briefly discussed. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. US EPA,AREAL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP YUNG, YL (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 56 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1029/90GL02478 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EV010 UT WOS:A1991EV01000004 PM 11538378 ER PT J AU LANDRETH, RE CARSON, DA AF LANDRETH, RE CARSON, DA TI RCRA COVER SYSTEMS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES SO GEOTEXTILES AND GEOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article AB The closure of waste management facilities, whether Subtitle C, Subtitle D or CERCLA, requires consideration of site-specific information, the Federal regulations and applicability of state regulations and the liquids management strategy. This paper will present the current EPA guidance for covers at hazardous waste facilities. Also discussed are insights into the proposed Subtitle D and CERCLA requirements for closure. RP LANDRETH, RE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0266-1144 J9 GEOTEXT GEOMEMBRANES JI Geotext. Geomembr. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5-6 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.1016/0266-1144(91)90031-Q PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA GQ340 UT WOS:A1991GQ34000002 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB OROURKE, MK AF MARTONEN, TB OROURKE, MK TI DEPOSITION PATTERNS OF RAGWEED POLLEN IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT SO GRANA LA English DT Article AB Inhaled particle deposition sites must be identified to effectively treat human airway diseases. We have determined distribution patterns of a selected aeroallergen, ragweed pollen, among human extrathoracic (ET: i.e., oro-nasopharyngeal) regions and the lung. A predictive model validated by inhalation exposure data from human subjects was utilized. Deposition locations were primarily functions of 1. ragweed particle parameters (size: 14-20-mu-m, shape: spherical, and density: 1.14 g cm-3) and 2. mode of breathing. In the general population, two styles of inhalation are prevalent: normal augmentors (NAs), and mouth breathers (MBs), their clinical definitions are based on intra-ET airflow divisions. For a NA-mode breathing, sedentary (10 L min-1) adult, 88% of inhaled ragweed pollen was removed by the ET compartment and 7% collected within the lung. For a MB, the respective deposition efficiencies were 68% and 25%. To apply the model, we used a daily springtime ragweed pollen concentration of 300 grains m-3 and an exposure time of 0.5 hour to calculate actual doses for the respiratory system. Under the stipulated conditions, a MB would inhale 45 pollen grains per day and 8 would be deposited in the lung; the value is 3 grains for a NA. Frequently, individuals with impaired respiratory functions are MBs in whom such pollen deposits are likely contributors to airway disease. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HA118 UT WOS:A1991HA11800017 ER PT B AU LESLIE, AR BARRETT, M AF LESLIE, AR BARRETT, M BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI HEALTH ADVISORIES AND ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES - REGULATORY BASIS FOR CONCERN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LEGISLATION SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP LESLIE, AR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,MAIL STOP H7506C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 16 EP 26 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00002 ER PT B AU BEHL, E EIDEN, CA AF BEHL, E EIDEN, CA BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI FIELD-SCALE MONITORING STUDIES TO EVALUATE MOBILITY OF PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND GROUNDWATER SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP BEHL, E (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,MAIL STOP H7506C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 27 EP 47 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00003 ER PT B AU LEACH, LE ROSS, RR AF LEACH, LE ROSS, RR BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI ASEPTIC SAMPLING OF UNCONSOLIDATED HEAVING SOILS IN SATURATED ZONES SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM ID INSTALLATION; WELLS RP LEACH, LE (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 334 EP 348 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00020 ER PT B AU DAVISHOOVER, WJ MURDOCH, LC VESPER, SJ PAHREN, HR SPROCKEL, OL CHANG, CL HUSSAIN, A RITSCHEL, WA AF DAVISHOOVER, WJ MURDOCH, LC VESPER, SJ PAHREN, HR SPROCKEL, OL CHANG, CL HUSSAIN, A RITSCHEL, WA BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI HYDRAULIC FRACTURING TO IMPROVE NUTRIENT AND OXYGEN DELIVERY FOR INSITU BIORECLAMATION SO IN SITU BIORECLAMATION: APPLICATION AND INVESTIGATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON AND CONTAMINATED SITE REMEDIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP DAVISHOOVER, WJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DESTRUCT RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9301-0 PY 1991 BP 67 EP 82 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85H UT WOS:A1991BU85H00005 ER PT B AU HULING, SG BLEDSOE, BE WHITE, MV AF HULING, SG BLEDSOE, BE WHITE, MV BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI THE FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AS A SOURCE OF OXYGEN IN BIOREMEDIATION SO IN SITU BIORECLAMATION: APPLICATION AND INVESTIGATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON AND CONTAMINATED SITE REMEDIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP HULING, SG (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9301-0 PY 1991 BP 83 EP 102 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85H UT WOS:A1991BU85H00006 ER PT B AU HUTCHINS, SR WILSON, JT AF HUTCHINS, SR WILSON, JT BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON BTEX BIODEGRADATION IN A FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS SO IN SITU BIORECLAMATION: APPLICATION AND INVESTIGATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON AND CONTAMINATED SITE REMEDIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9301-0 PY 1991 BP 157 EP 172 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85H UT WOS:A1991BU85H00010 ER PT J AU LOUX, NT ALLISON, JD CHAFIN, CR HASSAN, SM AF LOUX, NT ALLISON, JD CHAFIN, CR HASSAN, SM TI CARBONATE EQUILIBRIA AND GROUNDWATER SAMPLE COLLECTION - IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATED AVERAGE SUBSURFACE PROPERTIES IN CONTINENTAL NORTH-AMERICA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GROUNDWATER; CARBON DIOXIDE; SAMPLE COLLECTION; PH INSTABILITY ID SORPTION; KINETICS; CALCITE; CD-2+ C1 US EPA,COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,UNIV MANSOURA,FAC PHARM,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP LOUX, NT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. OI Hassan, Sayed/0000-0003-4713-0892 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1080/03067319108027536 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR504 UT WOS:A1991FR50400004 ER PT J AU TRYPHONAS, H LUSTER, MI WHITE, KL NAYLOR, PH ERDOS, MR BURLESON, GR GERMOLEC, D HODGEN, M HAYWARD, S ARNOLD, DL AF TRYPHONAS, H LUSTER, MI WHITE, KL NAYLOR, PH ERDOS, MR BURLESON, GR GERMOLEC, D HODGEN, M HAYWARD, S ARNOLD, DL TI EFFECTS OF PCB (AROCLOR-1254) ON NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE PARAMETERS IN RHESUS (MACACA-MULATTA) MONKEYS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; NORMAL HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION; THYMOSIN ALPHA-1; THYMIC HORMONES; CYTO-TOXICITY; COMPLEMENT; MODULATION AB The effects of low level, chronic polychlorinated biphenyl - Aroclor(R) 1254 - (PCB) exposure were investigated on non-specific immune parameters in female rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Five groups of monkeys were orally administered with PCB at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 40 or 80-mu-g/kg bw/day. Immunotoxicity testing was initiated after 55 months of exposure. The serum hemolytic complement activity in all PCB treated groups was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. A statistically significant dose-related increase in natural killer cell activity was evident at the 75 : 1 effector to target cell ratio. Similarly, a statistically significant dose-related increase was noted for thymosin alpha-1 levels but not for thymosin beta-4 levels. Statistically significant increased interferon levels were noted in the 20 and 80-mu-g/kg groups compared with the control group while the levels in the 40-mu-g/kg group were decreased significantly compared with the control group. The production of tumor necrosis factor by monocytes in the PCB treated groups was not different to that in the control group. The results indicated that long term exposure to PCB modulate several non-specific immune parameters. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT PHARMACOL,RICHMOND,VA 23298. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT TOXICOL,RICHMOND,VA 23298. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT BIOSTAT,RICHMOND,VA 23298. NIEHS,IMMUNOTOXICOL GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP TRYPHONAS, H (reprint author), HLTH & WELF CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,BUR CHEM SAFETY,DIV TOXICOL RES,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. FU FDA HHS [5VO1-FD-01217-02, FD 226-80-0003-01]; NCI NIH HHS [5-RO1-CA24974-11] NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0192-0561 J9 INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO JI Int. J. Immunopharmacol. PY 1991 VL 13 IS 6 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1016/0192-0561(91)90176-8 PG 10 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GK846 UT WOS:A1991GK84600003 PM 1721612 ER PT J AU LUEBKE, RW ANDREWS, DL COPELAND, CB RIDDLE, MM ROGERS, RR SMIALOWICZ, RJ AF LUEBKE, RW ANDREWS, DL COPELAND, CB RIDDLE, MM ROGERS, RR SMIALOWICZ, RJ TI HOST-RESISTANCE TO MURINE MALARIA IN MICE EXPOSED TO THE ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE INHIBITOR, 2'-DEOXYCOFORMYCIN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-YOELII; T-CELL; IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGES; MOUSE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; DEOXYCOFORMYCIN; TOXICITY AB Resistance to infection with the nonlethal rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (Py 17XNL) is mediated by humoral, T-cell and accessory cell activity. The purpose of this study was to profile host resistance to infection with this organism in mice exposed to 2'-deoxycoformycin (2dCF), a potent adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor. Inhibition of ADA activity by 2dFC results in defective T-cell function and either suppression or augmentation of the humoral response, depending on whether 2dCF exposure precedes (suppression) or follows (augmentation) immunization. In this study, mice injected with 2dCF during the first five days of infection cleared the infection at the same time as controls, but had lower peak parasitemia than controls. Mice infected with the lethal variant of P. yoelii were more susceptible to infection when injected with 2dCF after infection, suggesting that 2dCF injection did not directly affect the parasite. Rather, suppression of parasitemia in 2dCF-treated mice may have been mediated by augmented humoral immunity, since 2dCF injection increases antibody responses when 2dCF injection follows antigen (in this case, parasite) injection. Conversely, in mice given 2dCF prior to infection, parasitemia peaked 2 days later and was eliminated more gradually than in control mice. Exposure to 2dCF did not deplete reticulocytes and thus temporarily limit parasitemia. Similarly, enrichment of NK cells or augmentation of macrophage phagocytic activity prior to infection were not sufficient to alter the pattern of infection. In contrast, the pattern of infection in mice treated with tilorone (a macrophage activator which also causes suppressed T-cell function) prior to infection was similar to that observed in 2dCF-exposed animals. These results indicate that 2dCF, given before or after infection, alters the host response to infection with Py17XNL. It appears that a combination of increased macrophage activity and altered T-cell activity contributed to the delay in peak parasitemia and clearance of infection in mice exposed to 2dCF before infection with Py17XNL. C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP LUEBKE, RW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0192-0561 J9 INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO JI Int. J. Immunopharmacol. PY 1991 VL 13 IS 7 BP 987 EP 997 DI 10.1016/0192-0561(91)90052-9 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GN334 UT WOS:A1991GN33400020 PM 1761363 ER PT J AU ADAMS, JQ CLARK, RM AF ADAMS, JQ CLARK, RM TI EVALUATING THE COSTS OF PACKED-TOWER AERATION AND GAC FOR CONTROLLING SELECTED ORGANICS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOCS AB This article focuses on a preliminary cost analysis that compares liquid-phase granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment with packed-tower aeration (PTA) treatment, with and without air emissions control. The sensitivity of cost to design and operating variables is also discussed. For most of the contaminants examined, PTA appears to be more cost-effective than liquid-phase GAC, even when vapor-phase GAC is required in the stripping system. RP ADAMS, JQ (reprint author), US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EU882 UT WOS:A1991EU88200007 ER PT J AU OXENFORD, JL LYKINS, BW AF OXENFORD, JL LYKINS, BW TI CONFERENCE SUMMARY - PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN AND USE OF GAC SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB This article is based on papers presented at a 1989 conference on the design and use of granular activated carbon (GAC) systems. The conference was cosponsored by the AWWA Research Foundation and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Topics covered include reasons for the use of GAC, alternatives to GAC, determining system size, design considerations, cost considerations, case histories, and current and future research. C1 US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP OXENFORD, JL (reprint author), AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC RES FDN,6666 W QUINCY AVE,DENVER,CO 80235, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EU882 UT WOS:A1991EU88200008 ER PT J AU NAJM, IN SNOEYINK, VL LYKINS, BW ADAMS, JQ AF NAJM, IN SNOEYINK, VL LYKINS, BW ADAMS, JQ TI USING POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON - A CRITICAL-REVIEW SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING WATERS; REMOVAL AB Because the performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for uses other than taste and odor control is poorly documented, the purpose of this article is to critically review uses that have been reported and to analyze means of employing PAC more efficiently. The extent of adsorption of synthetic organic chemicals on PAC is strongly dependent on the type of compound being removed. The reported removals of trihalomethanes and trihalomethane precursors by PAC range from poor to very good. In selecting the point of addition of PAC, consideration must be given to the degree of mixing, the contact time between the PAC and the water, the PAC residence time, and the minimization of interference of adsorption by treatment chemicals. One of the main advantages of PAC is its low capital cost. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,ENVIRONM ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 73 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EU882 UT WOS:A1991EU88200009 ER PT J AU BALASHAZY, I HOFMANN, W MARTONEN, TB AF BALASHAZY, I HOFMANN, W MARTONEN, TB TI INSPIRATORY PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN AIRWAY BIFURCATION MODELS SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LUNG; AEROSOL AB Particle deposition in a three-dimensional bifurcation model of the human lung was computed for simultaneous effects of inertial impaction and gravitational settling. In the present approach an anatomical bifurcation unit is characterized as a contiguous system of three straight tubes with two intermediate bends, with defined radius of curvature and an effective branching angle. Idealized flow profiles of uniform velocity in the straight segments and of rotational velocity in the bend portions were assumed, the latter being corrected for physiologically realistic flow conditions. Our theoretical results show excellent agreement with published experimental data. This model is then used to predict aerosol deposition in the symmetrical Model A of Weibel [Weibel, E. R. (1963) Morphometry of the Human Lung. Springer, Berlin] and to study the effect of airway variability and asymmetry on particle deposition in the human lung. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,CTR EXTRAPOLAT MODELING,DURHAM,NC 27710. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,CENT RES INST PHYS,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. SALZBURG UNIV,BIOPHYS ABT,A-5020 SALZBURG,AUSTRIA. RP BALASHAZY, I (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV INHALAT TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(91)90090-5 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FD230 UT WOS:A1991FD23000003 ER PT J AU TOTH, GP STOBER, JA ZENICK, H READ, EJ CHRIST, SA SMITH, MK AF TOTH, GP STOBER, JA ZENICK, H READ, EJ CHRIST, SA SMITH, MK TI CORRELATION OF SPERM MOTION PARAMETERS WITH FERTILITY IN RATS TREATED SUBCHRONICALLY WITH EPICHLOROHYDRIN SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAT SPERM; MOTILITY; FERTILITY; EPICHLOROHYDRIN ID SPERMATOZOA; MOTILITY; INVITRO; SEMEN; MIGRATION; BOAR AB We investigated the relationship between fertility and sperm motion endpoints in rats treated subchronically with the male reproductive toxicant, epichlorohydrin (ECH). Male rats were given ECH orally for 23 days at dosages of 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg/day. They were mated twice (at 19 and 22 days) to estimate fertility by (1) detection of fertilized ova (presence of sperm head and tail or two pronuclei) 18 hours after mating and by (2) counting implants on day 14 of gestation. Both indices showed dose-related reductions (P < 0.001). Motion parameters of cauda epididymal sperm were assessed using the CellSoft computer-assisted sperm motion analysis (CASA) system after the rats were asphyxiated on day 25. Curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement were reduced in a dose-related manner. The fertility indices, percent fertilized ova, and percent implantation on day 14 of gestation were correlated significantly (r = 0.68; P = 0.0001). The following motion parameters were also correlated significantly with fertility (P < 0.0003; r1 = percent fertilized ova and r2 = percent implantation): linearity (r1 = 0.42; r2 = 0.40), amplitude of lateral head displacement (r1 = 0.54; r2 = 0.48), curvilinear velocity (r1 = 0.53; r2 = 0.50), straight-line velocity (r1 = 0.55; r2 = 0.50), and percent motile sperm (r1 = 0.42; r2 = 0.32). These results suggest a relationship between toxicant-induced reductions in sperm motion and fertility. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD & DEV BIOCHEM BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EX402 UT WOS:A1991EX40200007 PM 2010350 ER PT J AU LYE, DJ DUFOUR, AP AF LYE, DJ DUFOUR, AP TI A MEMBRANE-FILTER PROCEDURE FOR ASSAYING CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY IN HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM DRINKING-WATER SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENUMERATION AB Cytotoxic activity assays of Gram-negative, heterotrophic bacteria are often laborious and time consuming. The objective of this study was to develop in situ procedures for testing potential cytotoxic activities of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from drinking water systems. Water samples were passed through 0.45-mu-m membrane filters which were then placed upon appropriate media and incubated. After incubation, each membrane filter was transferred to the surface of Y-1 mouse adrenal cells overlaid with 1 % agar. The filters were removed after exposure for 15 min. The Y-1 cells were then incubated at 37-degrees-C in 2.5 % CO2 for an additional 24 h. The release of putative cytotoxic and cytotonic products from the bacterial colonies was recognized by zones of cellular lysis and injury of Y-1 cells that appeared immediately beneath the membrane. Cytotoxic strains of Aeromonas, Vibrio, Escherichia, and Legionella spp. were readily recognized by this method. About 1 % of the bacteria isolated from drinking water also released cytotoxic products. This frequency was dependent upon the primary medium used and the density of bacteria present. The majority of cytotoxic strains isolated from drinking water also expressed protease activity (95 %) and haemolytic activity (70 %). This in situ membrane filter procedure is a facile method for simultaneously testing many different bacterial colonies. RP LYE, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb03791.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV050 UT WOS:A1991EV05000012 PM 2016213 ER PT J AU ALTSHULLER, AP AF ALTSHULLER, AP TI CHEMICAL-REACTIONS AND TRANSPORT OF ALKANES AND THEIR PRODUCTS IN THE TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALKANES; LIFETIMES; TROPOSPHERIC PROCESSES; PRODUCT YIELDS ID ALKYL NITRATE FORMATION; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MODEL PREDICTIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHOTO-OXIDATION; NORMAL-HEPTANE; AMBIENT AIR; OH RADICALS; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY AB The product distributions have been calculated for more abundant alkanes contributing most of the carbon atoms in the alkane fraction of an ambient air hydrocarbon mixture reasonably representative of U.S. emissions. The effects of ambient temperatures on product yields has been calculated for a range of temperatures from 250 to 330 K. The sensitivity of product yields to uncertainties in alkoxy radical process rate constants has been examined with emphasis on uncertainties in decomposition reactions. Chemical lifetimes are estimated at 300 K under summertime conditions for hydrocarbons and for products of alkane photooxidation in the atmosphere. The atmospheric distribution of alkanes and products is evaluated in terms of the extent to which reaction processes are likely to occur in the planetary boundary layer compared to the free troposphere. The calculations predict a substantial effect of temperature on product yields. A large decrease in alkyl nitrate yields and a smaller decrease in ketone yields occur with increasing temperature. The yields of the short-lived, more reactive aldehydes undergo substantial increases with increasing temperature. Lower yields of ketones and higher yields of aldehydes are associated with the use of higher compared to lower decomposition process rate constants. For the type of U.S. hydrocarbon mixture available from measurements, 16 oxygenated products account for more than 60% of the total alkane carbon atoms converted to products, with most of these carbon atoms accounted for by four products. The effects of increased temperature on product reactivity and radical production may also influence O3 production. RP ALTSHULLER, AP (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 19 EP 61 DI 10.1007/BF00053933 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EU335 UT WOS:A1991EU33500002 ER PT J AU SPETH, TF AF SPETH, TF TI EVALUATING CAPACITIES OF GAC PRELOADED WITH NATURAL-WATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FIXED-BED ADSORBERS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; DESIGN; ADSORPTION AB Adsorption studies are conducted to determine how preloading a natural groundwater onto GAC affects the adsorption of cis-1,2-dichloroethene in small-scale and pilot-scale columns. Capacities are determined from batch-isotherm tests, microcolumns, and pilot columns, which are preloaded for various lengths of time. Breakthrough profiles from short-bed adsorbers and pilot columns provides information regarding the kinetics of adsorption. Some of the results are: adsorption capacity and kinetic rate decreases with increasing time of preloading, the preloaded microcolumns show capacity reductions similar to that of the preloaded pilot columns, and preloaded column capacities are represented well by preloaded isotherms. The reduction in pilot-column capacity due to preloading for cis-1,2-dichloroethene is shown to be partially offset by using columns in series where the columns are only added when needed to contain the mass-transfer zone. For cis-1,2-dichloroethene, the increased run time due to adding columns may not be worthwhile in field applications, unless extensive preloading occurs before the contaminant arrives at the column. RP SPETH, TF (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1991)117:1(66) PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EV507 UT WOS:A1991EV50700004 ER PT J AU PIRBAZARI, M BADRIYHA, BN MILTNER, RJ AF PIRBAZARI, M BADRIYHA, BN MILTNER, RJ TI GAC ADSORBER DESIGN FOR REMOVAL OF CHLORINATED PESTICIDES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMPONENT ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA; FIXED-BED ADSORBERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; ACTIVATED CARBON; MASS-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS; AFFINITY; SORPTION; TESTS AB The cost-effective removal of alachlor and heptachlor from drinking water by GAC adsorption was investigated. Alachlor and heptachlor represent two classes of chlorinated pesticides: the acetanilides and the cyclodienes, respectively. Transformation of these pesticides prior to and upon adsorption is an important aspect concerning their fate. In aqueous solution, heptachlor undergoes complete hydrolysis to 1-hydroxychlordene (1-HC) with a half-life of three days decreeing the use of 1-HC in GAC investigation. The dispersed-flow homogeneous-surface diffusion model (DFHSDM) was used for predicting the dynamic behavior of the fixed-bed adsorber for the target pollutants. Model parameters were obtained from bench-scale equilibrium, rate, and mini-column experiments. The model was able to successfully predict/simulate mini-column data in both organic free water and humic acid background solution. Significant reduction in adsorber performance was experienced in the presence of humic acid due to competitive interaction. Full-scale adsorbers were designed through up-scaling procedures to estimate carbon utilization rates. Cost for removal of alachlor was $0.113/1,000 gal ($0.03/m3) treated in a 10-mgd (38 x 10(3) m3/d) plant with 5-min EBCT, and 4 gpm/sq ft (235 m3/m2/d) surface loading for an influent concentration of 100-mu-g/L and treatment objective of 2-mu-g/L. The cost was increased to $0.135/1,000 gal in the presence of humic acid. The cost for removal of 1-HC was, in general, 30% higher than that for alachlor. C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP PIRBAZARI, M (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 1 BP 80 EP 100 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1991)117:1(80) PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EV507 UT WOS:A1991EV50700005 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, FT BOERSMA, L MCFARLANE, C AF LINDSTROM, FT BOERSMA, L MCFARLANE, C TI MATHEMATICAL-MODEL OF PLANT UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC-CHEMICALS - DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUNFLOWER; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of organic chemicals by plants are influenced by plant characteristics, chemical properties, and environmental conditions. Experimental evaluation of plant contamination for the many xenobiotic chemicals now in use or being developed is impractical. A mathematical model was formulated which, when adequately tested, can be used to provide information about potential contamination. The model was formulated by defining a generic plant as a set of adjacent compartments representing the major pools involved in transport and accumulation of water and solutes. The model plant is divided into root, stem, and leaves and each is subdivided into two transport compartments (xylem and phloem) and a storage compartment. Chemical uptake is modeled from the soil solution to the root surface, through the apparent free space, endodermis into the xylem and throughout the plant. Values for the anatomical dimensions of the compartments and for physical and chemical coefficients were chosen from the literature. This article shows formulation of the mass balance equations, which lead to the complete system of equations that describe uptake. The solution gives chemical mass in each compartment as a function of time. The mathematical development yielded a well-defined concept of uptake, in-plant transport, and local accumulation of organic chemicals by plants. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600020 ER PT J AU BOERSMA, L MCFARLANE, C LINDSTROM, FT AF BOERSMA, L MCFARLANE, C LINDSTROM, FT TI MATHEMATICAL-MODEL OF PLANT UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATIONS OF ORGANIC-CHEMICALS - APPLICATION TO EXPERIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY AB A mathematical model for uptake of organic chemicals by plants was calibrated by application to data from experiments in which the uptake of bromacil (C6H13BrN2O2) by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants was measured. The plants had been exposed to a range of bromacil concentrations at several transpiration rates. The model was initially formulated by defining a generic plant as a set of adjacent compartments representing the major pools and pathways involved in transport and accumulation of water and solutes. For this application the plant consists of one root, three stem, and three leaf compartments, with each compartment being subdivided into xylem, phloem, and storage. The model was calibrated with respect to storage coefficients that quantify rate of transport to and from storage. For calibration, bromacil concentrations measured in roots, stems, and leaves were compared with model predictions, while model parameters were changed until no further improvement in matching model prediction with experiment result was obtained. This calibration exercise revealed important plant behavior demonstrating the value of the model for elucidating plant response. The model was changed during the calibration to account for specific phenomena that occur in the roots and leaves. The formation obtained was applied to results from additional experiments. Storage coefficients differed substantially between roots, stems, and leaves showing differences in plant structures and physiological functions. The coefficients generally were proportional to compartment size, independent of transpiration rate except at low concentrations and idenpendent of concentration except at high concentrations. The model statisfactorily predicted the observed uptake and distribution patterns for bromacil in soybean plants at the stage of growth and under the environmental conditions of the experiments. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BOERSMA, L (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600021 ER PT J AU BROWN, KP HOSSEINIPOUR, EZ AF BROWN, KP HOSSEINIPOUR, EZ TI NEW METHODS FOR MODELING THE TRANSPORT OF METALS FROM MINERAL PROCESSING WASTES INTO SURFACE WATERS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE MINE TAILINGS; SLAG; OVERBURDEN AB The estimation of contaminant fluxes into and within river basins is the main focus of this research paper. New methods for estimating contaminant loadings and fate on a comprehensive river basin based on assembled subsite behaviors are demonstrated for a collection of Superfund sites in the Upper Clark Fork River in Montana. The methods and models used consist of a new set of techniques for estimating the overland, sub-surface and in-stream movement of mine waste constituents. A linked assessment system consisting of contaminant transformation, non-point source and groundwater mixing and transport, surface hydrology and erosion, and surface-water quality models has been developed, written, tested, and applied at the site. The object of this project is to show the importance of comparing phenomenological hypotheses with field observations for large-scale exposure models. Graphs of the river copper concentration show a good fit between measured and predicted concentrations at some stations, whereas, substantial deviations from field measurements are observed at other stations along the course of the river. RP BROWN, KP (reprint author), US EPA,ASCI CORP,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1991 VL 26 IS 6 BP 813 EP 853 PG 41 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FV163 UT WOS:A1991FV16300002 ER PT J AU COURTNEY, LA FOURNIE, JW AF COURTNEY, LA FOURNIE, JW TI OCULAR CHONDROSARCOMAS IN RIVULUS-MARMORATUS POEY SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Note RP COURTNEY, LA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00582.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA FH501 UT WOS:A1991FH50100011 ER PT J AU LEVINE, WC STEPHENSON, WT CRAUN, GF AF LEVINE, WC STEPHENSON, WT CRAUN, GF TI WATERBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS, 1986-1988 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 39, PG 1-13, 1990) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; SHIGELLOSIS; GIARDIASIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; INFANT; POOL AB From 1986 to 1988, 24 states and Puerto Rico reported 50 outbreaks of illness due to water that people intended to drink, affecting 25,846 persons. The protozoal parasite Giardia lamblia was the agent most commonly implicated in outbreaks, as it has been for the last 10 years; many of these outbreaks were associated with ingestion of chlorinated but unfiltered surface water. Shigella sonnei was the most commonly implicated bacterial pathogen; in outbreaks caused by this pathogen, water supplies were found to be contaminated with human waste. Cryptosporidium contamination of a chlorinated, filtered public water supply caused the largest outbreak during this period, affecting an estimated 13,000 persons. A large multistate outbreak caused by commercially produced ice made from contaminated well water caused illness with Norwalk-like virus among an estimated 5,000 persons. The first reported outbreak of chronic diarrhea of unknown cause associated with drinking untreated well water occurred in 1987. Twenty-six outbreaks due to recreational water use were also reported, including outbreaks of Pseudomonas dermatitis associated with the use of hot tubs or whirlpools, and swimming-associated shigellosis, giardiasis, and viral illness. Although the total number of reported water-related outbreaks has been declining in recent years, the few large outbreaks due to Cryptosporidium, Norwalk-like agent, S. sonnei, and G. lamblia caused more cases of illness in 1987 than have been reported to the Water-Related Disease Outbreak Surveillance System for any other year since CDC and the Environmental Protection Agency began tabulating these data in 1971. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LEVINE, WC (reprint author), CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30033, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ET061 UT WOS:A1991ET06100015 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC REAMS, GA COOK, ER AF VANDEUSEN, PC REAMS, GA COOK, ER TI POSSIBLE RED SPRUCE DECLINE - CONTRIBUTIONS OF TREE-RING ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH DECLINE; APPALACHIANS; HARDINESS; FOLIAGE; CLIMATE C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,TREE RING LAB,PALISADES,NY 10964. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 89 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EX651 UT WOS:A1991EX65100008 ER PT J AU ANDRESEN, NA TUCHMAN, ML AF ANDRESEN, NA TUCHMAN, ML TI ANOMALOUS DIATOM POPULATIONS IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND HURON IN 1983 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE PHYTOPLANKTON; LAKE MICHIGAN; LAKE HURON; MONITORING ID CULTURE AB Diatoms in phytoplankton samples obtained during the spring 1983 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency annual lake surveillance program exhibited abnormal morphologies. The cells appeared to be weakly silicified and/or incompletely formed with viable cellular contents. This phenomenon was present throughout Lakes Huron and Michigan. The samples were collected in the open water from the upper 20 m. The phenomenon was not noticed in 1984, 1985, or 1986 samples. C1 US EPA,BIONET CORP,5SCRL,10TH FLOOR,CHICAGO,IL 60605. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 144 EP 149 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FJ254 UT WOS:A1991FJ25400015 ER PT J AU MAKAREWICZ, JC BERTRAM, P AF MAKAREWICZ, JC BERTRAM, P TI A LAKEWIDE COMPARISON STUDY OF PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS AND ITS SPECIES COMPOSITION IN LAKE HURON, 1971 TO 1985 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE HURON; PHYTOPLANKTON; OLIGOTROPHIC AB Phytoplankton were collected at offshore sites during 23 cruises in the spring, summer and autumn of 1983, 1984, and 1985. Forty common species and varieties from a total of 448 taxa accounted for 89.8% of the total abundance and 88.1% of the total biomass. The average phytoplankton density (mean +/- S.E.) from April through December was as follows: 1985 - 2,020 +/- 113 cells/mL, 1984 - 2,918 +/- 196 cells/mL, 1983 - 2,567 +/- 178 cells/mL. Average biomass for the same period was: 1985 - 0.34 +/- 0.021 g/m3, 1984 - 0.41 +/- 0.44 g/m3, 1983 - 0.37 +/- 0.040 g/m3. The following predominant diatoms were observed in 1974, 1983, 1984, and 1985: Asterionella formosa, Cyclotella comensis, C. comta, C. ocellata, Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira islandica, Tabellaria flocculosa, and Rhizosolenia spp. The historical consistency of the mesotrophic-eutrophic diatom ratio, the similarity of dominant species, the predominance of oligotrophic and mesotrophic diatom indicator species, and the similarity in phytoplankton biomass suggest little change in the trophic status of the offshore waters of Lake Huron from 1971 to 1982-85. C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKE NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP MAKAREWICZ, JC (reprint author), SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT BIOL SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 553 EP 564 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GZ449 UT WOS:A1991GZ44900014 ER PT J AU SCHONBECK, MW RIVERA, R OBRIEN, J EBINGER, S DEGREGORIO, RE AF SCHONBECK, MW RIVERA, R OBRIEN, J EBINGER, S DEGREGORIO, RE TI VARIETY SELECTION AND CULTURAL METHODS FOR LOWERING NITRATE LEVELS IN WINTER GREENHOUSE LETTUCE AND ENDIVE SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Lowering nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentration in vegetables is desirable because of possible adverse health effects of high dietary nitrate intake. The effects of crop variety and cultural methods on NO3--N content in lettuce and endive grown during winter in greenhouses in southern New England were investigated. "Green Ice" lettuce had 20-39% less NO3--N than "Diamante," while "Winter Density," "Jeanette," "Cantille," "Sabrina," and "Vicki" had intermediate levels. "Red Salad Bowl" lettuce and the endives "Salad King" and "Nuvol" harvested in March had 52-68% less NO3--N than the same cultivars harvested in mid-November. "Red Salad Bowl" had slightly more NO3--N than "Green Ice" in November, but had 38% less than "Green Ice" in March. NO3--N concentration in greenhouse-grown lettuce was directly related to the availability of inorganic nitrogen. Hydroponically grown lettuce had significantly higher NO3--N levels than soil-grown lettuce. Transferring hydroponic lettuce to a nutrient solution containing 43% of the normal amount of N several weeks prior to harvest affected neither tissue NO3--N nor yield. However, lifting soil-grown lettuce and setting its roots in water 40 hours prior to harvest resulted in a 19% decrease in NO3--N. C1 US EPA,GAD COMPLIANCE BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1991 VL 2 IS 1 BP 49 EP 75 PG 27 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA HC390 UT WOS:A1991HC39000004 ER PT J AU LEVIN, A FRATT, DB LEONARD, A BRUINS, RJF FRADKIN, L AF LEVIN, A FRATT, DB LEONARD, A BRUINS, RJF FRADKIN, L TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Quantitative health risk assessments have been performed for a number of proposed municipal waste combuster (MWC) facilities over the past several years. This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of a total of 21 risk assessments, focusing on seven of the most comprehensive methodologies. The analysis concentrates on stack emissions of noncriteria pollutants and is comparative rather than critical in nature. Overall, the risk assessment methodologies used were similar whereas the assumptions and input values used varied from study to study. Some of this variability results directly from differences in site-specific characteristics, but much of it is due to absence of data, lack of field validation, lack of specific guidelines from regulatory agencies, and reliance on professional judgment. The results indicate that carcinogenic risks are more significant than chronic non-carcinogenic risks. In most instances polychlorodibenzodioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans, and cadmium contribute more significantly to the total carcinogenic risk from MWC stack emissions than other contaminants. In addition, the contribution to total risk of all indirect routes of exposure (ingestion and dermal contact) exceeds that of the direct inhalation route for most studies reviewed. C1 CHEMCYCLE CORP,BOSTON,MA 02111. US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,OFF SENIOR OFFICIAL RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LEVIN, A (reprint author), ALLIANCE TECHNOL CORP,DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,BOOTT MILLS S,FOOT JOHN ST,LOWELL,MA 01852, USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EV172 UT WOS:A1991EV17200004 PM 1994972 ER PT J AU DEPERCIN, PR SAWYER, S AF DEPERCIN, PR SAWYER, S TI LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE HAZCON STABILIZATION PROCESS AT THE DOUGLASSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA SUPERFUND SITE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB One technology field tested under the SITE demonstration program was stabilization-solidification. The HAZCON process was one of those tested. It treats hazardous wastes, consisting of both inorganic and organic contaminants, by mixing it with portland cement, water and a proprietary additive called Chloranan in a modified cement mixer to produce a concrete mass. In evaluating the technology during the demonstration, two major criteria were investigated by using existing laboratory tests. These criteria were mobility of the contaminants before and after treatment and the long-term effect on mobility, and durability of the solidified masses. The former criteria was evaluated using various leaching tests, primarily the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and permeability. The durability criteria was determined from weathering tests, wet-dry and freeze-thaw, unconfined compressive strength, microstructural analyses and sampling the prepared blocks from the demonstration twice at 9-month intervals. This paper describes the results of the field sampling performed 9 and 18 months after the initial field demonstration and relates it to the results obtained during the demonstration. According to the data, little or no change in the chemical and physical properties of the blocks occurred. The technology is capable of immobilizing heavy metals. The organics were not immobilized and the treated material appears quite durable. C1 FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRESPONSE INC,LIVINGSTON,NJ 07039. RP DEPERCIN, PR (reprint author), US EPA,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 88 EP 91 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EV172 UT WOS:A1991EV17200011 ER PT J AU VANDERVAART, DR VATVUK, WM WEHE, AH AF VANDERVAART, DR VATVUK, WM WEHE, AH TI THERMAL AND CATALYTIC INCINERATORS FOR THE CONTROL OF VOCS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; OXIDATION AB The emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is attracting increasing concern both from the public and by government agencies. Among the many available control technologies for the treatment of VOC containing waste streams, incineration offers an ultimate disposal strategy rather than a means for collecting or concentrating the offending compounds. This paper describes the major, commercially available thermal and catalytic incinerator systems that are designed to treat dilute, VOC containing gas streams. Qualitative guidelines are presented whereby the technologies can be compared. In addition, an example waste stream is used to illustrate a simplified procedure for calculating the material and energy balances for each of the incinerators. The resulting parameters will be used in a companion paper to estimate the capital and operating costs associated with each design. In this manner, a first estimate can be obtained of the costs of cleaning a waste stream containing low levels of VOCs. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OAQPS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 16 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EV172 UT WOS:A1991EV17200012 PM 1994974 ER PT J AU BELOIAN, A AF BELOIAN, A TI DISINFECTANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note RP BELOIAN, A (reprint author), US EPA,DIV BENEFITS & USE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600022 ER PT J AU JENSEN, TL CZERKOWICZ, TJ HOFBERG, AH KARR, JJ MINYARD, JP PORTER, F WAYNE, RS SLAHCK, SC NEMETH, MA AF JENSEN, TL CZERKOWICZ, TJ HOFBERG, AH KARR, JJ MINYARD, JP PORTER, F WAYNE, RS SLAHCK, SC NEMETH, MA TI COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND DISINFECTANTS - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OFFICIAL METHODS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note C1 CIBA GEIGY CORP,ANALYT SECT,GREENSBORO,NC 27419. ATOCHEM N AMER INC,CTR TECH,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. MISSISSIPPI STATE CHEM LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV CHEM,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301. MOBAY CORP,DIV AGRICHEM,KANSAS CITY,MO 64120. MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63167. US EPA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AMER CYANAMID CO,DIV AGR,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. RP JENSEN, TL (reprint author), STATE DEPT AGR,3703 S 14TH ST,LINCOLN,NE 68502, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600066 ER PT J AU CORNELIUSSEN, PE BOYER, KW CHIN, HB COOK, RF FONG, WG RIPLEY, BD SCHMITT, R MCCULLY, KA ALBERT, RH AF CORNELIUSSEN, PE BOYER, KW CHIN, HB COOK, RF FONG, WG RIPLEY, BD SCHMITT, R MCCULLY, KA ALBERT, RH TI COMMITTEE ON RESIDUES - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OFFICIAL METHODS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note ID GAS C1 SO TESTING & RES LABS INC,WILSON,NC 27893. NATL FOOD PROCESSORS ASSOC,DUBLIN,CA 94568. FMC CORP,AGR CHEM GRP,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. FLORIDA STATE DEPT AGR,DIV CHEM,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO MINIST AGR & FOOD,PROV PESTICIDE RESIDUE TESTING LAB,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. HLTH & WELF CANADA,FIELD OPERAT DIRECTORATE,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FDA,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP CORNELIUSSEN, PE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CONTAMINANTS CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600070 ER PT J AU HARGESHEIMER, EE GRAVES, R LANE, LG MAPPES, GW MYRDAL, G SELLERS, C STOKKER, Y STRONG, AB BARTZ, JK GARNER, FC AF HARGESHEIMER, EE GRAVES, R LANE, LG MAPPES, GW MYRDAL, G SELLERS, C STOKKER, Y STRONG, AB BARTZ, JK GARNER, FC TI COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OFFICIAL METHODS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note C1 US EPA,MONITORING & SUPPORT LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. MISSISSIPPI STATE CHEM LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. WISCONSIN DEPT AGR TRADE & CONSUMER PROTECT,BUR LAB SERV,MADISON,WI 53707. ENVIRONM CANADA,NATL WATER RES INST,RES & APPLICAT BRANCH,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. CHEM WASTE MANAGEMENT INC,RIVERDALE,IL 60627. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,ANALYT LAB,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. RP HARGESHEIMER, EE (reprint author), GLENMORE WATERWORKS LAB 35,POB 2100,CALGARY T2P 2M5,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600073 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, JP BURLESON, GR AF EHRLICH, JP BURLESON, GR TI ENHANCED AND PROLONGED PULMONARY INFLUENZA-VIRUS INFECTION FOLLOWING PHOSGENE INHALATION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RAT LUNGS; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; OZONE AB Animal infectivity models have been important in the demonstration of enhanced susceptibility to viral and bacterial infection as a result of low-level toxicant exposure. This study demonstrated an enhanced and prolonged viral infection using an influenza virus infectivity model in the rat following exposure to the toxicant gas phosgene. Fischer-344 rats exposed to either air or a sublethal concentration of phosgene demonstrated peak pulmonary influenza virus titers 1 d after infection. Virus titers in rats exposed to air declined rapidly falling below detectable levels by 4 d after infection. However, a significantly enhanced and prolonged pulmonary influenza virus infection was observed on d 3 and 4 after infection in rats exposed to phosgene. Virus was cleared below detectable limits on d 5 after infection in animals exposed to phosgene. Thus, inhalation of sublethal concentrations of phosgene resulted in an increased severity of pulmonary influenza virus infection. This study provides a demonstration of the effective use of a rat viral infectivity model to detect the immunotoxicity of inhaled pollutants. This model will allow future studies to focus on the immunological mechanism(s) responsible for the enhanced and prolonged pulmonary influenza virus infection. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NYU,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,AJ LANZA LAB,TUXEDO PK,NY. NORTHROP SERV INC,ES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 259 EP 273 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GL483 UT WOS:A1991GL48300009 PM 1920529 ER PT J AU KIMBROUGH, RD AF KIMBROUGH, RD TI CONSUMPTION OF FISH - BENEFITS AND PERCEIVED RISK SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PCBS; CARP AB Fish, a useful source of protein, may be polluted by microbes, natural toxins, and/or synthetic chemicals. However, based on a review of the U.S. General Accounting Office, "There does not appear to be a compelling case to implement a mandatory comprehensive federal seafood inspection program." Although earlier studies showed higher body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in populations who consumed a lot of fish from polluted waterways, a recent study refutes these observations. No information is available in the United States on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in anglers who consume a great deal of fish presumed to be contaminated by these chemicals. RP KIMBROUGH, RD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF ADMINISTRATOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 33 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FN033 UT WOS:A1991FN03300007 PM 1903453 ER PT J AU MOHLER, FS GORDON, CJ AF MOHLER, FS GORDON, CJ TI HYPOTHERMIC EFFECTS OF A HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF SHORT-CHAIN ALCOHOLS IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; ETHANOL; MICE AB The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the thermoregulatory system as an end point in predicting the toxicity of various short-chain alcohols. Male Fischer rats developed significant hypothermia following acute administration (ip) of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, or 2-butanol. The hypothermic responses to the six alcohols all showed similar segmented responses characterized by a threshold dose below which no change in body temperature occurred, and a suprathreshold regression with increasing dose causing greater hypothermia. Relative potency of the alcohols was assessed using both the threshold dose to cause hypothermia and the dose that would cause body temperature to decrease by 1-degrees-C. Both measures gave the progression of toxicity from least to most potent of methanol < ethanol < 2-propanol < 1-propanol < 2-butanol < 1-butanol. The effective dose of each alcohol was compared to its membrane/buffer partition coefficient (P(m/b)), and there was a high inverse correlation between the hypothermic dose of an alcohol and its lipid solubility. That the potency of an alcohol was strongly correlated with its P(m/b) suggests that the membrane disordering theory of narcosis may also be used to explain the hypothermic action of alcohols. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 32 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EZ827 UT WOS:A1991EZ82700002 PM 1995924 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L AF GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L TI COMPARISON OF RATS OF THE FISCHER-344 AND LONG-EVANS STRAINS IN THEIR AUTONOMIC THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE TO TRIMETHYLTIN ADMINISTRATION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; MAMMALS AB The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of genetic strain on the acute and long-term thermoregulatory response to the neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT) in rats of the Long-Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (FCH) strains. In one study basic thermoregulatory responses including colonic temperature (T(c)), metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), motor activity (MA), and thermal conductance (C(d)) were measured in both rat strains at ambient temperatures (T(a)) of 10, 28, and 37-degrees-C. It was found that the LE rat has a significantly higher T(c) when it is measured in their home cage. Because of its smaller body mass the FCH rat has a higher MR at all T(a) values. The FCH rat also has a greater rate of EWL during exposure to a T(a) of 37-degrees-C. Following iv administration of 8.0 mg/kg TMT both rat strains become significantly hypothermic; however, the effect differed significantly between the strains. At 26-34 d after TMT exposure thermoregulatory responses at T(a) values of 10-37-degrees-C were generally similar to that of the saline controls. Overall, the LE and FCH strains of rat exhibit some distinct thermoregulatory differences in response to changes in T(a). RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 32 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EZ827 UT WOS:A1991EZ82700003 PM 1995925 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, JE ALLIS, JW GROSE, EC SEELY, JC ROBINSON, BL BERMAN, E AF SIMMONS, JE ALLIS, JW GROSE, EC SEELY, JC ROBINSON, BL BERMAN, E TI ASSESSMENT OF THE HEPATOTOXICITY OF ACUTE AND SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO INHALED PARA-XYLENE IN F344 RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DISULFIDE; LIVER; CYTOCHROME-P-450; AIR AB Due to the ubiquitous presence of p-xylene in air and the existing uncertainty regarding its hepatotoxic potential, we examined the effect of acute and short-term exposure to inhaled p-xylene on the liver. Male F-344 rats were exposed to 0 or to 1600 ppm p-xylene, 6 h/d, for 1 or 3 d. Exposure to inhaled p-xylene caused no histopathological evidence of hepatic damage and had little or no effect on the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Exposure to p-xylene for 1 or 3 d resulted in an increase in relative liver weight on d 1 post-exposure. The concentration of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was increased by both p-xylene exposure regimens on d 1 postexposure and had returned to control levels by d 3 following the single p-xylene exposure and by d 2 following the 3-d exposure. These observations provide consistent evidence that acute and short-term exposure to 1600 ppm p-xylene by inhalation did not produce overt hepatotoxicity but resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of hepatic cytochrome P-450, the principal enzyme system involved in the metabolic biotransformation of xenobiotics. C1 PATHCO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP SIMMONS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 32 IS 3 BP 295 EP 306 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA FC963 UT WOS:A1991FC96300004 PM 2002513 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RS BENNETT, JK AF BENNETT, RS BENNETT, JK TI AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN ACTIVITY OF MALLARD PLASMA CHOLINESTERASES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE MALLARD; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; CHOLINESTERASE; AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES; REPEATED MEASURES ID INHIBITORS; PARATHION; EXPOSURE AB Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured repeatedly in 27 mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings between 7 and 85 days of age to determine age-dependent changes in enzyme activity. Plasma AChE, BChE, and total cholinesterase (ChE) activity decreased significantly with age. The relative proportion of AChE in total ChE activity also decreased slightly with age. Since some anti-ChE chemicals can selectively inhibit AChE or BChE activity, characterization of age-dependent changes in the activity of each enzyme may be necessary to accurately identify the occurrence of pesticide exposure. RP BENNETT, RS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 116 EP 118 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900018 PM 2023309 ER PT J AU MUNDY, W TANDON, P ALI, S TILSON, H AF MUNDY, W TANDON, P ALI, S TILSON, H TI AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF RAT-BRAIN SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Note ID PHORBOL ESTERS; DYSFUNCTION; HIPPOCAMPUS; METABOLISM; TURNOVER; EXPOSURE; NEURONS; SLICES; SYSTEM AB The effects of age on cholinergic markers and receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was examined in the frontal cortex and striatum of male Fischer-344 rats. Choline acetyltransferase activity was decreased 27% in the striatum of aged (24 month) rats compared to young (3 month) controls. Muscarinic receptor density as measured by [H-3]-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding showed a similar 26% decrease in the striatum of aged rats. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was measured by the release of inositol phosphate (IP) from tissue slices prelabeled with [H-3]myoinositol in response to carbachol, norepinephrine, and quisqualate. In the cortex, stimulated IP release was significantly greater in slices from aged rats compared to young rats for all three agonists. In contrast, stimulated IP release was significantly decreased in striatal slices from aged rats compared to young for all three agonists. These data indicate a differential effect of age on agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the cortex and striatum. The decreased responsiveness in the latter area may result from the age-related loss of postsynaptic receptors. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP MUNDY, W (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1991 VL 49 IS 14 BP PL97 EP PL102 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(91)90308-X PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GD059 UT WOS:A1991GD05900009 PM 1653884 ER PT J AU NAVARRO, HA KUDLACZ, EM KAVLOCK, RJ SLOTKIN, TA AF NAVARRO, HA KUDLACZ, EM KAVLOCK, RJ SLOTKIN, TA TI PRENATAL TERBUTALINE TREATMENT - TISSUE-SELECTIVE DISSOCIATION OF PERINATAL CHANGES IN BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR BINDING FROM REGULATION OF ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; NEONATAL SYMPATHECTOMY; DEVELOPING RAT; HEART-RATE; KIDNEY; 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE; LUNG; DEXAMETHASONE C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NAVARRO, HA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-09713] NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1991 VL 48 IS 3 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(91)90354-E PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EN317 UT WOS:A1991EN31700008 PM 1671519 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, BS MIDDAUGH, DP HUNT, JW TURPEN, SL AF ANDERSON, BS MIDDAUGH, DP HUNT, JW TURPEN, SL TI COPPER TOXICITY TO SPERM, EMBRYOS AND LARVAE OF TOPSMELT ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS, WITH NOTES ON INDUCED SPAWNING SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; EARLY LIFE STAGES; CALIFORNIA; FISHES; FERTILIZATION; METHYLMERCURY; SILVERSIDE; ABUNDANCE; MENIDIA; METALS AB Topsmelt, Atherinops affins, were induced to spawn repeatedly in the laboratory using a combination of environmental cues. Temperature 'spikes' appeared to be the most important factor to induce spawning. Egg production peaked four days after a 2-degrees-C increase in water temperature, and declined thereafter. A series of static toxicity tests compared the r relative sensitivity of topsmelt sperm, embroyos, and larvae to copper chloride. Of the three developmental stages compared, sperm were more sensitive than embryos, and embryos were more sensitive than larvae. The mean EC50 from four separate 48-h fertilization experiments was 109-mu-g copper liter-1. The mean EC50 from three, 12-day embryo development tests was 142-147-mu-g copper liter-1, depending on the endpoint used. The mean LC50 from three, 96-h larval mortality tests was 238-mu-g copper liter-1. Topsmelt are amendable to laboratory culture and are a promising eastern Pacific toxicity test species. C1 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,MARINE POLLUT STUDIES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93940. US EPA,GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP ANDERSON, BS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. NR 42 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(91)90003-Q PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA FN505 UT WOS:A1991FN50500002 ER PT J AU SANDERS, BM MARTIN, LS NELSON, WG PHELPS, DK WELCH, W AF SANDERS, BM MARTIN, LS NELSON, WG PHELPS, DK WELCH, W TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ACCUMULATION OF A 60-KDA STRESS PROTEIN AND SCOPE-FOR-GROWTH IN MYTILUS-EDULIS EXPOSED TO A RANGE OF COPPER CONCENTRATIONS SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; BINDING-PROTEINS; METAL; CELLS; HSP60; GENE; EXPRESSION; DOMAINS; HSP-70 AB Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were exposed in the laboratory for 7 days to a range of Cu concentrations (0 to 100-mu-g/liter) to test the feasibility of using the accumulation of a 60 kDa stress protein, also referred to as heat shock protein 60 (hsp60), as a molecular indicator of contaminant exposure and ecological status. At the end of the experiment, scope-for-growth (SFG) measurements were completed to assess whole organism physiological condition. In addition, antibodies raised against hsp60 were employed as probes for Western blot analysis and immunobinding assays of mantle tissue. Physiological measurements revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the SFG index for organisms at 32 and 100-mu-g/liter Cu. Western blot analysis indicated that the abundance of hsp60 was greater in tissues exposed to elevated Cu concentrations than in controls. Quantitation of hsp60 accumulation as determined by a dot immunobinding assay demonstrated a significant correlation between hsp60 accumulation and nominal Cu concentration in the seawater. Significant (p < 0.1) increases in accumulation of hsp60 over controls was detected at 3.2-mu-g/liter Cu and higher, Cu concentrations which were substantially lower than that at which a significant decrease in SFG was observed. These data suggest that hsp60 accumulation may hold promise as a molecular indicator of contaminant exposure and an early warning of adverse biological effects. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR LUNG BIOL,DEPT MED & PHYSIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP SANDERS, BM (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,INST MOLEC ECOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 35 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 81 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(91)90021-Y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA GA655 UT WOS:A1991GA65500001 ER PT J AU SWARTZ, RC SCHULTS, DW LAMBERSON, JO OZRETICH, RJ STULL, JK AF SWARTZ, RC SCHULTS, DW LAMBERSON, JO OZRETICH, RJ STULL, JK TI VERTICAL PROFILES OF TOXICITY, ORGANIC-CARBON, AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SEDIMENT CORES FROM THE PALOS VERDES SHELF AND SANTA-MONICA BAY, CALIFORNIA SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE SEDIMENT; POLLUTANTS; OUTFALL; TERM AB The toxicity of sediment to the amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius was determined in the laboratory for 5 cm vertical sections of sediment cores collected at two sites on the Palos Verdes Shelf near the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts' municipal wastewater outfalls and at two reference sites in Santa Monica Bay, California. The vertical distribution of sediment toxicity near the outfalls was significantly correlated with profiles of total organic carbon and sediment chemical contamination (total oil/grease, p,p'-DDE, PCBs [Aroclor 1242], di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, Cd, Cr, Pb). Dating of core horizons showed that sediment toxicity also was significantly correlated with the historic record of the mass emission rate of suspended solids from the outfalls. The vertical profile showed that toxicity of surficial sediments, increased after the initiation of the discharge in the 1950s, remained relatively high until the early 1970s, and then decreased after the implementation of source control and improved effluent treatment. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY SANIT DIST,WHITTIER,CA 90607. RP SWARTZ, RC (reprint author), US EPA,MARK O HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(91)90012-W PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA GL089 UT WOS:A1991GL08900004 ER PT J AU HILLER, MA AF HILLER, MA TI THE NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP US EPA, DIV TECH SUPPORT, OFF MARINE & ESTUARINE PROTECT, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 1991 VL 23 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(91)90750-M PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA FJ012 UT WOS:A1991FJ01200114 ER PT J AU TAN, WY CHEN, C AF TAN, WY CHEN, C TI MODELING THE TRANSLOCATION INDUCTION IN SPERMS - SOME GENERAL THEORIES SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article ID MUTANTS; NUMBER AB In this paper we develop a stochastic model for the development of heritable reciprocal translocations in spermatozoa by following the biological mechanism for the generation of spermatozoa. By using Kolmogorov forward equation we derive the probability generating function (PGF) of the number of translocation-carrying spermatids under some general conditions. Using the PGF's we then derive the means and the variances of the number of translocation-carrying spermatids; a procedure for computing the probability distribution of the translocation-carrying spermatids is also developed. The results are illustrated by some homogeneous models, leaving the results of nonhomogeneous models to our future work. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP TAN, WY (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 7 BP 15 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0895-7177(91)90030-B PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA FY075 UT WOS:A1991FY07500002 ER PT J AU RYGIEWICZ, PT ARMSTRONG, JL AF RYGIEWICZ, PT ARMSTRONG, JL TI ECTOMYCORRHIZAL DNA - ISOLATION, RFLPS AND PROBE HYBRIDIZATION SO METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; STRAIN SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES; AGARICUS-BRUNNESCENS; CULTIVATED MUSHROOM; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; FUNGI; TRANSFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX J9 METHOD MICROBIOL JI Methods Mircrobiol. PY 1991 VL 23 BP 252 EP 280 PG 29 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MC412 UT WOS:A1991MC41200009 ER PT J AU LEMKE, PA BARRETT, V DIXON, RK AF LEMKE, PA BARRETT, V DIXON, RK TI PROCEDURES AND PROSPECTS FOR DNA-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; PROTOPLAST FORMATION; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; AMDS GENE; RESISTANCE; REGENERATION C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX J9 METHOD MICROBIOL JI Methods Mircrobiol. PY 1991 VL 23 BP 281 EP 293 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MC412 UT WOS:A1991MC41200010 ER PT J AU JONES, GW BAINES, L GENTHNER, FJ AF JONES, GW BAINES, L GENTHNER, FJ TI HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA OF THE FRESH-WATER NEUSTON AND THEIR ABILITY TO ACT AS PLASMID RECIPIENTS UNDER NUTRIENT DEPRIVED CONDITIONS SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; WATER; STRAINS; RIVER; ENVIRONMENT; RESISTANCE; ENRICHMENT; DROPS AB Significantly higher numbers of Gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria were present at the air-water interface (neuston) of freshwater lakes than in the bulk water. Neuston bacteria were distinguished as a population distinct from bacteria in the bulk water by a higher incidence of pigmented colony types and significantly greater levels of multiple resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. The incidence of plasmids in 236 neuston and 229 bulk water strains were similar (14 and 16.2%, respectively). Nine of 168 plasmid-free strains and 2 of 14 plasmid carrying strains, isolated from both bulk water and neuston, acted as recipients of plasmid R68.45 in plate matings with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa donor strain PAO4032 at 21-degrees-C, but at frequencies below that of matings with a restriction-minus recipient strain of P. aeruginosa, strain PAO1168. In a model system composed of nutrient-free synthetic lake water, plasmid R68.45 was shown to transfer between P. aeruginosa strains at frequencies between 10(-3) and 10(-5). Transconjugants were detected about 100 times more frequently at the interface than in the bulk water, which in part reflected a greater enrichment of the donor at this site. None of the aquatic isolates were able to act as recipients of plasmid R68.45 in this model system with strain PAO4032 as donor. The results suggest that under nutrient deprived conditions, the spread of plasmid R68.45 and similar plasmids by lateral transfer into this particular aquatic population would be a rare event. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP JONES, GW (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF02540210 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA GJ399 UT WOS:A1991GJ39900002 PM 24194323 ER PT J AU LIEBERT, CA BARKAY, T TURNER, RR AF LIEBERT, CA BARKAY, T TURNER, RR TI ACCLIMATION OF AQUATIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES TO HG(II) AND CH3HG+ IN POLLUTED FRESH-WATER PONDS SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIABLE COUNTING METHOD; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; MERCURY METHYLATION; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; HEAVY-METAL; LAKE WATER; BIODEGRADATION; RESISTANCE; ADAPTATION; DEGRADATION AB The relationship of mercury resistance to the concentration and chemical speciation of mercurial compounds was evaluated for microbial communities of mercury-polluted and control waters. Methodologies based on the direct viable counting (DVC) method were adapted to enumerate mercury-resistant communities. Elevated tolerance to Hg(II) was observed for the microbial community of one mercury-polluted pond as compared to the community of control waters. These results suggest an in situ acclimation to Hg(II). The results of the methylmercury resistance-DVC assay suggested that minimal acclimation to CH3Hg+ occurred since similar concentrations of CH3HgCl inhibited growth of 50% of organisms in both the control and polluted communities. Analyses of different mercury species in pond waters suggested that total mercury, but not CH3Hg+ concentrations, approached toxic levels in the polluted ponds. Thus, microbial acclimation was specific to the chemical species of mercury present in the water at concentrations high enough to cause toxic effects to nonacclimated bacterial communities. C1 US EPA,BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,SURG RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1007/BF02539149 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA FN756 UT WOS:A1991FN75600004 PM 24194206 ER PT J AU BARKAY, T TURNER, RR VANDENBROOK, A LIEBERT, C AF BARKAY, T TURNER, RR VANDENBROOK, A LIEBERT, C TI THE RELATIONSHIPS OF HG(II) VOLATILIZATION FROM A FRESH-WATER POND TO THE ABUNDANCE OF MER-GENES IN THE GENE POOL OF THE INDIGENOUS MICROBIAL COMMUNITY SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WABIGOON RIVER SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MERCURY; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; DNA; BIOACCUMULATION; METHYLMERCURY; METHYLATION; RESISTANCES AB The role of biological activities in the reduction and volatilization of Hg(II) from a polluted pond was investigated. Elemental mercury was evolved from pond water immediately following spiking with Hg-203(NO3)2, whereas an acclimation period of 36 hours was required in control samples collected from a nearby, unpolluted river before onset of volatilization. Genes encoding the bacterial mercuric reductase enzyme (mer genes) were abundant in DNA fractions extracted from biomass of the pond microbial community, but not in samples extracted from control communities. Thus, evolution of Hg0 was probably due to activities mediated by the bacterial mercuric reductase. Of four characterized mer operons, the system encoded by transposon 501 (mer(Tn501)) dominated and likely contributed to the majority of the observed Hg(II) volatilization. Thus, mer-mediated reduction and volatilization could be used to reduce Hg(II) concentrations in polluted waters, in turn decreasing rates of methylmercury formation by limiting substrate availability. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP BARKAY, T (reprint author), US EPA,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 35 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1007/BF02539150 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA FN756 UT WOS:A1991FN75600005 PM 24194207 ER PT J AU HARRINGTONBROCK, K PARKER, L DOERR, C CIMINO, MC MOORE, MM AF HARRINGTONBROCK, K PARKER, L DOERR, C CIMINO, MC MOORE, MM TI ANALYSIS OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF ANTHRAQUINONE DYES IN THE MOUSE LYMPHOMA ASSAY SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY TESTS; CHEMICALS; CELLS AB Despite their widespread use and potential for significant human exposure, genotoxicity data on anthraquinones and other dyes are limited. In this study, 16 anthraquinones and one azo dye (Solvent Red 1) were selected for testing using the thymidine kinase (tk) locus and micronucleus (MN) analysis in L5178Y/TK +/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. Six of the dyes were from the same lot used in the NTP rodent bioassay. The dyes used were all production lots and thus varied in their purity. Disperse Blue 7, 2-aminoanthra-quinone, 1-amino-2-methylanthraquinone, Disperse Blue 3 and Disperse Red 11 were genotoxic (inducing 1814 mutants/10(6) survivors, 369 MN/1000 cells at 13% survival; 397 mutants/10(6) survivors, 196 MN/1000 cells at 21% survival; 178 mutants/10(6) survivors, 119 MN/1000 cells at 51% survival; 264 mutants/10(6) survivors, 109 MN/1000 cells at 15% survival, respectively). Reactive Blue 19 was weakly mutagenic (inducing 144 mutants/10(6) survivors, but only 8 MN/1000 cells at 13% survival). Vat Yellow 4 and Solvent Red 1, with exogenous activation, were also mutagenic (inducing 300 mutants/10(6) survivors, 18 MN/1000 cells at 57% survival, and 100 mutants/10(6) survivors and 16 MN/1000 cells at 22% survival, respectively). With activation 1-nitro-2-methylanthraquinone was judged to give an equivocal mutagenicity response. The maximum test concentration was limited for some compounds by their solubility. Those chemicals that did not induce mutation or cytotoxicity at the limits of solubility were classified separately. Compounds which were not evaluated without exogenous activation because of insolubility but were evaluated with activation include 1-nitro-2-methylanthraquinone, Solvent Red 1 and Vat Yellow 4. Compounds which were not evaluated either with or without S9 activation because of their insolubility in the culture medium include 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone, D&C Green, Disperse Blue 1, Disperse Red 60, Vat Blue 4, Vat Blue 20, Vat Brown 1 and Vat Brown 3. C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HARRINGTONBROCK, K (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD JAN PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1093/mutage/6.1.35 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EV255 UT WOS:A1991EV25500007 PM 2038271 ER PT J AU MOORE, MM PARKER, L HUSTON, J HARRINGTONBROCK, K DEARFIELD, KL AF MOORE, MM PARKER, L HUSTON, J HARRINGTONBROCK, K DEARFIELD, KL TI COMPARISON OF MUTAGENICITY RESULTS FOR 9 COMPOUNDS EVALUATED AT THE HGPRT LOCUS IN THE STANDARD AND SUSPENSION CHO ASSAYS SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MUSTARDS ICR COMPOUNDS; RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; MOLECULAR ANALYSES; MUTATION ASSAY; AS52 CELLS; TK-/; QUANTITATION AB The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) assay, which measures newly induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt) locus, has been widely used for mutagenesis testing. The insensitivity of the standard assay to some genotoxic agents has been speculated to be due to the relatively small number of cells used in the assay. In the present study, we have compared the standard monolayer assay with a suspension adapted CHO assy that uses cell numbers comparable to that of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay. Nine compounds, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(ethyl-2-?? chloroethyl)-aminopropylamino]-acridine 2HCI (ICR 170), methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate were evaluated in the monolayer and suspension assay. Both assays gave the same overall qualitative results for the test compounds. There were some quantitative differences in the mutant frequency for the three compounds found to be mutagenic (EMS, MMS and ICR 170). The acrylates (many of which appear to exert their genotoxic effect through a clastogenic mechanism) were negative in both test systems. The use of the suspension assay did not improve the ability of the hgprt locus to detect the genotoxicity of the acrylates. Thus, increasing the number of cells does not improve the ability of the CHO/HGPRT assay to detect compounds that act primarily by a clastogenic mechanism. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MOORE, MM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD JAN PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1093/mutage/6.1.77 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EV255 UT WOS:A1991EV25500013 PM 1710014 ER PT J AU SANDHU, SS DESERRES, FJ GOPALAN, HNB GRANT, WF VELEMINSKY, J BECKING, GC AF SANDHU, SS DESERRES, FJ GOPALAN, HNB GRANT, WF VELEMINSKY, J BECKING, GC TI STATUS-REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL-PROGRAM-ON-CHEMICAL-SAFETYS-COLLABORATIVE-STUDY-ON-PLANT-T EST-SYSTEMS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE STATUS REPORT; PLANT TEST SYSTEMS; VICIA-FABA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRADESCANTIA CLONE-4430; MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; STAMEN HAIR ASSAY; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; EMBRYO ASSAY; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS ID GENE-TOX PROGRAM; CARCINOGENS C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV NAIROBI,NAIROBI,KENYA. INST EXPT BOT,PRAGUE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. WHO,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY,IRRU,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. MCGILL UNIV,MACDONALD COLL,MONTREAL H9X 1C0,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP SANDHU, SS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY STUDY PLANT SYST,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 257 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(91)90017-P PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EY632 UT WOS:A1991EY63200002 PM 1987455 ER PT J AU TILSON, HA HONG, JS SOBOTKA, TJ AF TILSON, HA HONG, JS SOBOTKA, TJ TI HIGH-DOSES OF ASPARTAME HAVE NO EFFECTS ON SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION OR LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASPARTAME; NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; LEARNING AND MEMORY ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; INDUCED SEIZURES; COLCHICINE; HIPPOCAMPUS; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NEUROTOXICITY; STRYCHNINE; CHEMICALS AB Acute or repeated (14 days) intragastric administration of L-d-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame) suspended in saline and Tween-80 in doses of up to 1,000 mg/kg had no significant effect in male Fischer-344 rats on routine measures of sensorimotor function, including spontaneous motor activity, acoustic startle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Other experiments found that aspartame (500 or 1,000 mg/kg) had no significant effect on acquisition of passive or active avoidance or a spatial, reference memory task in the Morris water maze. A series of separate studies found that aspartame had no effects in rats fasted 24 hours prior to testing, or if it was suspended in carboxymethylcellulose or administered by the intraperitoneal route. Under the conditions of these experiments, large doses of aspartame have no significant neurobiological effects in adult rats as measured by procedures known to be sensitive to the neurobiological effects of neurotoxicants, including convulsants, organochlorine insecticides and heavy metals. C1 NIEHS,MOLEC & INTEGRAT NEUROSCI LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US FDA,CFSAN,NEUROBEHAV TOXICOL TEAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP TILSON, HA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90024-Q PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA EU560 UT WOS:A1991EU56000005 PM 2046625 ER PT B AU SEXTON, K AF SEXTON, K BE GLEDHILL, BL MAURO, F TI HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND PUBLIC-HEALTH SO NEW HORIZONS IN BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY SE PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON TRENDS IN BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY CY OCT 23-27, 1990 CL LERICI, ITALY SP ENTE NAZL ENERGIA ATOM, US DOE, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, US EPA RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS, INC PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK J9 PROG CLIN BIOL RES JI Prog.Clin.Biol.Res. PY 1991 VL 372 BP 455 EP 466 PG 12 GA BU89Y UT WOS:A1991BU89Y00042 PM 1956939 ER PT B AU SKINNER, JH ONDICH, GG BAUGH, TL AF SKINNER, JH ONDICH, GG BAUGH, TL BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI UNITED-STATES-EPA BIOREMEDIATION RESEARCH PROGRAMS SO ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION: PROCESSES FOR XENOBIOTIC AND HYDROCARBON TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP SKINNER, JH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RD-672,401 M ST W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9302-9 PY 1991 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85J UT WOS:A1991BU85J00001 ER PT B AU TABAK, HH DESAI, S GOVIND, R AF TABAK, HH DESAI, S GOVIND, R BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MULTILEVEL RESPIROMETRIC PROTOCOL TO DETERMINE BIODEGRADABILITY AND BIODEGRADATION KINETICS OF TOXIC ORGANIC POLLUTANT COMPOUNDS SO ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION: PROCESSES FOR XENOBIOTIC AND HYDROCARBON TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP TABAK, HH (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,OFF RES & DEV,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9302-9 PY 1991 BP 324 EP 340 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85J UT WOS:A1991BU85J00019 ER PT B AU TABAK, HH GLASER, JA STROHOFER, S KUPFERLE, MJ SCARPINO, P TABOR, MW AF TABAK, HH GLASER, JA STROHOFER, S KUPFERLE, MJ SCARPINO, P TABOR, MW BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND TOXIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS BY A LIGNOLYTIC WHITE ROT FUNGUS IN BENCH-SCALE BIOREACTORS SO ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION: PROCESSES FOR XENOBIOTIC AND HYDROCARBON TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP TABAK, HH (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9302-9 PY 1991 BP 341 EP 365 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85J UT WOS:A1991BU85J00020 ER PT B AU GLASER, JA AF GLASER, JA BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI NUTRIENT-ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SHORELINE - THE VALDEZ EXPERIENCE SO ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION: PROCESSES FOR XENOBIOTIC AND HYDROCARBON TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP GLASER, JA (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9302-9 PY 1991 BP 366 EP 384 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85J UT WOS:A1991BU85J00021 ER PT B AU JENNINGS, AL AF JENNINGS, AL BE TWEEDY, BG DISHBURGER, HJ BALLANTINE, LG MCCARTHY, J TI SOME ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF PESTICIDE USE SO PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY: A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SPECIAL CONF ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY : A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS CY JAN 21-25, 1990 CL POINT CLEAR, AL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP JENNINGS, AL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV BIOL & ECON ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1889-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 446 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BS47X UT WOS:A1991BS47X00003 ER PT B AU SCHOENY, RS AF SCHOENY, RS BE TWEEDY, BG DISHBURGER, HJ BALLANTINE, LG MCCARTHY, J TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY PROCESSES FOR CONSENSUS BUILDING FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION SO PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY: A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SPECIAL CONF ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY : A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS CY JAN 21-25, 1990 CL POINT CLEAR, AL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP SCHOENY, RS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1889-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 446 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BS47X UT WOS:A1991BS47X00023 ER PT B AU ENGLER, R LEVY, R AF ENGLER, R LEVY, R BE TWEEDY, BG DISHBURGER, HJ BALLANTINE, LG MCCARTHY, J TI COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT WITH CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT SO PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY: A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SPECIAL CONF ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY : A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS CY JAN 21-25, 1990 CL POINT CLEAR, AL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP ENGLER, R (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1889-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 446 BP 226 EP 234 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BS47X UT WOS:A1991BS47X00025 ER PT B AU TRICHILO, CL SCHMITT, RD AF TRICHILO, CL SCHMITT, RD BE TWEEDY, BG DISHBURGER, HJ BALLANTINE, LG MCCARTHY, J TI THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY IN ASSURING A SAFE FOOD-SUPPLY SO PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY: A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SPECIAL CONF ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND FOOD SAFETY : A HARVEST OF VIEWPOINTS CY JAN 21-25, 1990 CL POINT CLEAR, AL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM ID PESTICIDE RP TRICHILO, CL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1889-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 446 BP 286 EP 296 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BS47X UT WOS:A1991BS47X00032 ER PT J AU SILVERSTEIN, MC GREENLAND, D AF SILVERSTEIN, MC GREENLAND, D TI WET ACID DEPOSITION IN COLORADO SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Precipitation and wet atmospheric deposition patterns were investigated for Colorado for the hydrologic year 1985. Above average precipitation for the year probably gave rise to higher than average deposition of sulfates and nitrates but this potential varied by season across the state and was higher at higher elevations. Average weekly concentrations of nitrates and sulfates were greatest during spring and summer and the average weekly pH of precipitation was lowest during the fall. Usually, average nitrate and sulfate concentrations decreased with increasing elevation while precipitation pH became more acidic with elevation. There was no clear pattern between acid concentration and increasing precipitation and elevation but precipitation pH decreased with increasing precipitation. Trajectory analysis suggested that important sources of acid precursors existed to the southwest of the state in 1985, but that areas to the northwest, west, and south, and regions within the state itself, are also likely sources. RP SILVERSTEIN, MC (reprint author), US EPA,REG 8,DENVER,CO 80202, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FM809 UT WOS:A1991FM80900004 ER PT J AU MCKIM, JM ERICKSON, RJ AF MCKIM, JM ERICKSON, RJ TI ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL-MECHANISMS CONTROLLING XENOBIOTIC TRANSFER ACROSS FISH GILLS SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES; RAINBOW-TROUT; HYDROPHOBIC CHEMICALS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; ACCUMULATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL AB Fish physiologists have provided the basic information on gill morphology, gill function, and vascular dynamics with which to understand branchial flux of gases, water, and ions. In addition, pharmacologists and toxicologists, working in the area of drug action, have characterized the physicochemical attributes of xenobiotic chemicals that determine their rate of movement across biological membranes. Recently, aquatic toxicologists have applied this information to the question of what mechanisms control the movement of organic chemicals across fish gills and how exchange is affected by chemical properties. This research on gill transfer mechanisms was extended to consider environmental conditions that have been reported to influence chemical exchange (e.g., dissolved and/or suspended organic material, hydrogen ion concentration [pH], dissolved O2 content, and water temperature). Mathematical models were developed that predict gill exchange as a function of basic processes such as water flow across the gills, blood flow through the gills, partitioning of the chemical between water and blood, and diffusion between blood water across gill epithelia. Such mechanistic models can predict the effects of environmental conditions on exchange rates of xenobiotics. To fully develop a predictive capability for xenobiotic uptake and distribution by fish, it will be necessary to incorporate these gill models into emerging, physiologically based models for the entire animal. RP MCKIM, JM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 66 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0031-935X J9 PHYSIOL ZOOL JI Physiol. Zool. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 64 IS 1 BP 39 EP 67 PG 29 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA FE242 UT WOS:A1991FE24200004 ER PT B AU BROWN, RL AF BROWN, RL BE LANDIS, TD TI RESULTS OF THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF PESTICIDES IN DRINKING-WATER WELLS SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP BROWN, RL (reprint author), US EPA,GROUND WATER BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80202, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00002 ER PT B AU MUNCH, DJ AF MUNCH, DJ BE LANDIS, TD TI IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PESTICIDE SURVEY, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONDUCTING FUTURE OCCURRENCE SURVEYS SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP MUNCH, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00003 ER PT B AU MUMTAZ, MM MCKEAN, DL BRUINS, RJ SCHOENY, RS DEROSA, CT AF MUMTAZ, MM MCKEAN, DL BRUINS, RJ SCHOENY, RS DEROSA, CT BE FECHTER, LD TI RESEARCH STRATEGY FOR RISK CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX EXPOSURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 1990 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP US EPA, SWEDISH WORK ENVIRONM FUND, USAF, EXXON, MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM, AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, JOHNS HOSPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, AMER PETR INST, BRIT PETR AMER DE COMPLEX EXPOSURE; METHODOLOGY; CHEMICAL MIXTURES; MULTIPATHWAY; MULTIPLE ROUTES; VARIABLE EXPOSURE DURATIONS RP MUMTAZ, MM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE & PUBLIC HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA BALTIMORE PY 1991 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BU31X UT WOS:A1991BU31X00004 ER PT B AU GREENBERG, MM AF GREENBERG, MM BE FECHTER, LD TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ISOCYANATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 1990 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP US EPA, SWEDISH WORK ENVIRONM FUND, USAF, EXXON, MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM, AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, JOHNS HOSPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, AMER PETR INST, BRIT PETR AMER RP GREENBERG, MM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE & PUBLIC HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA BALTIMORE PY 1991 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BU31X UT WOS:A1991BU31X00005 ER PT J AU WALKER, JT AF WALKER, JT TI AN EMPIRICAL-MODEL DESCRIBING THE POSTNATAL-GROWTH OF ORGANS IN ICRP REFERENCE HUMANS .1. THE LUNGS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RESPIRATORY TRACT DOSIMETRY CY JUL 01-03, 1990 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, RADIAT PROTECT PROGRAMME, INHALATION TOXICOL RES INST AB An empirical model is presented for describing the postnatal mass growth of lungs in ICRP reference humans. A combined exponential and logistic function containing six parameters is fitted to ICRP 23 lung data using a weighted non-linear least squares technique. The results indicate that the model delineates the data well. Further analysis shows that reference male hungs attain a higher pubertal peak velocity (PPV) and adult mass size than female lungs, although the latter reach their PPV and adult mass size first. Furthermore, the model shows that lung growth rates in infants are two in three orders of magnitude higher than those in mature adults. This finding is important because of the possible association between higher radiation risks in infants' organs that have faster cell turnover rates compared to mature adult organs. The significance of the model for ICRP dosimetric purposes will be discussed. RP WALKER, JT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,MAIL STOP AMR 461,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1991 VL 38 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HB982 UT WOS:A1991HB98200003 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, T HOFMANN, W AF MARTONEN, T HOFMANN, W TI DOSIMETRY OF LOCALIZED ACCUMULATIONS OF CIGARETTE-SMOKE AND RADON PROGENY AT BIFURCATIONS SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RESPIRATORY TRACT DOSIMETRY CY JUL 01-03, 1990 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, RADIAT PROTECT PROGRAMME, INHALATION TOXICOL RES INST AB Inhalation risk assessment protocols are frequently based upon assumptions of uniform particle deposition patterns and homogeneous clearance processes within human lung airways. However, experiments conducted with cigarette smoke and surrogate airway systems reveal 'hot spots' at upper trachcobronchial branching sites. The localised deposits of sub-micron sized particles are predicted by a theory, presented here, simulating the acrodynamic behaviour of acrosol clouds. We couple the effects of enhanced deposition with impaired mucociliary clearance for the dosimetry of inhaled cigarette smoke and radon progeny. In accordance with deposition and clearance observations, upper trachcobronchial passages may be conceptualised as distinct physical regions: tubular segments, bifurcation zones and carinal ridges. For short-lived radon progeny, we first determine deposition with a validated mathematical model, then account for redistribution. Since mucociliary clearance competes with radioactive decay, surface activity distributions of alpha emitting radionuclides within the bronchial compartment will not be identical to initial deposition patterns. Our calculations predict that radon progeny accumulations at airway branching sites can lead to significantly higher doses delivered to epithelial cells located within bifurcations, particularly at carinal ridges, than along tubular sections. These anatomical sites of increased exposure, within the main, lobar, and segmental bronchi, are consistent with clinically reported preferential locations of bronchogenic carcinomas. RP MARTONEN, T (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1991 VL 38 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HB982 UT WOS:A1991HB98200013 ER PT J AU WALKER, JT BIRCHALL BOECKER, BB JAMES HAHN, FF BAILEY TANKERSLEY, W BUNKER, A GRIFFITH, WC BAIR SHYR, LJ CHENG, YS NOSSKE, D MANSFIELD, G AF WALKER, JT BIRCHALL BOECKER, BB JAMES HAHN, FF BAILEY TANKERSLEY, W BUNKER, A GRIFFITH, WC BAIR SHYR, LJ CHENG, YS NOSSKE, D MANSFIELD, G TI PROPOSED ICRP RESPIRATORY-TRACT MODEL - DISCUSSION SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Discussion CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RESPIRATORY TRACT DOSIMETRY CY JUL 01-03, 1990 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, RADIAT PROTECT PROGRAMME, INHALATION TOXICOL RES INST RP WALKER, JT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,MAIL STOP ANR 461,401 M STR SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1991 VL 38 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HB982 UT WOS:A1991HB98200025 ER PT J AU FALLER, SH KRASK, DJ KURODA, PK AF FALLER, SH KRASK, DJ KURODA, PK TI CHERNOBYL RADIOACTIVITY IN SURFACE AIR OVER WASHINGTON DC SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE CHERNOBYL EVENT; CONCENTRATION IN AIR; WASHINGTON DC; RU-106, ANTIMONY-125, CESIUM-134, AND CESIUM-137 ID UNITED-STATES AB Concentrations of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides is airborne particulate matter over Washington D.C. have been determined by gamma-ray analysis of air filter samples collected during the months of May, June, and July 1986. The results indicate that long-lived nuclides were present in levels comparable to those measured previously at other eastern locations. Extensive washout of radioactivity occurred apparently as a result of heavy rainfall on May 20, and was followed by the arrival of airborne debris with elevated Ru-103/Cs-137 and Ru-106/Cs-137 activity ratios. C1 DIST COLUMBIA DEPT CONSUMER & REGULATORY AFFAIRS,AIR MONITORING SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. RP FALLER, SH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,RADIOANALY BRANCH,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA FF626 UT WOS:A1991FF62600007 ER PT J AU CURRAN, PJ DUNGAN, JL MACLER, BA PLUMMER, SE AF CURRAN, PJ DUNGAN, JL MACLER, BA PLUMMER, SE TI THE EFFECT OF A RED LEAF PIGMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RED EDGE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID WHEAT CANOPIES; VEGETATION; SHIFT AB The point of maximum slope in a reflectance spectrum of vegetation occurs at the boundary between red and near infrared wavelengths and is known as the "red edge." There is a strong relationship between the red edge and the chlorophyll concentration of leaves and canopies. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of a second leaf pigment, red amaranthin, on the relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration. The red edge, chlorophyll concentration, and amaranthin concentration were recorded for 163 amaranth leaves in the laboratory. Experimental treatments with nitrate and salts caused a very concentration (0-20 mg / g), and amaranthin concentration (0-0.47 mg / g). There was a near-linear relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration for leaves with low amaranthin concentration (< 0.075 mg / g). This relationship was strongest for leaves from vegetative plants and was similar in form to that observed for a canopy. By contrast the red edge was at longer wavelengths and independent of chlorophyll concentration for leaves with high amaranthin concentration (> 0.075 mg / g), as a result of the strong absorption of visible light by amaranthin and the resultant movement of the red / near infrared boundary to longer wavelengths at higher amaranthin concentrations. This is the first reported study on the effect of a second leaf pigment on the relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration. The results suggest that the presence of a second leaf pigment would limit the use of a remotely sensed red edge for the estimation of chlorophyll concentration. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,TGS TECHNOL INC,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. US EPA,DRINKING WATER BRANCH W-6-1,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. BRITISH NATL SPACE CTR,MONKS WOOD EXPT STN,REMOTE SENSING APPLICAT DEV UNIT,HUNTINGDON,CAMBS,ENGLAND. RP CURRAN, PJ (reprint author), UNIV COLL SWANSEA,DEPT GEOG,SINGLETON PK,SWANSEA SA2 8PP,W GLAM,WALES. RI Dungan, Jennifer/G-9921-2016 OI Dungan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4863-1616 NR 41 TC 131 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90066-F PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FJ250 UT WOS:A1991FJ25000006 ER PT J AU LEMASTERS, GK ZENICK, H HERTZBERG, V HANSEN, K CLARK, S AF LEMASTERS, GK ZENICK, H HERTZBERG, V HANSEN, K CLARK, S TI FERTILITY OF WORKERS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO CHEMICALLY CONTAMINATED SEWER WASTES SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FERTILITY; SFRS; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; MIXTURES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; TREATMENT-PLANT; MALE-RATS; LEAD; CADMIUM; SPERM; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; REPRODUCTION; WASTEWATER AB Few studies have investigated the reproductive effects of exposure to chemical mixtures. The purpose of this study was to assess fertility in males exposed to mixed industrial and domestic wastes. A detailed reproductive history was obtained from the wives of 231 employees in order to evaluate fertility. Daily work records were used to define exposure status. To ascertain problems of infertility, the ratios of observed live births to expected live births (generated from U.S. birth probabilities) for exposed and nonexposed groups were calculated, and the ratios of these Standardized Fertility ratios (SRFs) were compared. Other analyses considered the couples' contraceptive history and preexposure versus postexposure experience. Though multiple statistical approaches were used to examine the data, the conclusion of this study was that exposure to chemical mixtures was not associated with a decrease in the couples' fertility. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LEMASTERS, GK (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(91)90107-Q PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA EW416 UT WOS:A1991EW41600002 PM 1807535 ER PT J AU KLINEFELTER, GR GRAY, LE SUAREZ, JD AF KLINEFELTER, GR GRAY, LE SUAREZ, JD TI THE METHOD OF SPERM COLLECTION SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES SPERM MOTION PARAMETERS FOLLOWING ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE RAT SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPERM MOTION; TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE; EDS ID MOTILITY; TESTOSTERONE AB Sperm motion analysis following exposure to a reproductive toxicant is one means of evaluating the functional integrity of the testis and epididymis. In this study we sought to determine whether the method used to collect sperm from the proximal cauda epididymidis, where sperm are not completely mature, has a significant influence on sperm motion parameters. Two methods of collecting rat sperm for motion analysis were used: one based on an aspiration technique selected from the literature; the other, a new approach based on diffusion of sperm from the epididymal tubule. The two methods were tested for sensitivity to effects on sperm motility parameters 4 days after a single exposure to ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS). Since EDS is known to decrease serum testosterone (T), an additional group of rats received T-filled implants just prior to dosing to determine if the decrease in serum T alone had an effect on sperm motility. The results of the study yielded strikingly different interpretations of the effect of a 65 mg/kg BW dose of EDS on the motility of sperm taken from the proximal cauda epididymidis. Sperm collected by "aspiration" showed no significant decrease in the percentage of motile or progressively motile sperm compared to vehicle-treated animals. On the contrary, sperm collected by "diffusion" showed large, significant decreases in the percentages of both motile and progressively motile sperm. This difference was due largely to lower percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm in control sperm samples collected by aspiration. Similarly, the motion parameters of sperm collected by the aspiration method were unaffected by EDS/T treatment. By contrast, sperm collected by the diffusion method showed complete restoration of the percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm, and progressive velocity was significantly, but incompletely, restored by T implantation. Statistical analyses indicate that the diffusion method of sperm collection provides enhanced sensitivity, as well as precision of the data, thereby decreasing the number of animals required in a treatment group to detect a statistically significant alteration of a sperm motion parameter. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KLINEFELTER, GR (reprint author), NSI INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(91)90108-R PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA EW416 UT WOS:A1991EW41600003 PM 1666965 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ OGLESBY, LA HALL, LL FISHER, HL COPELAND, F LOGSDON, T EBRONMCCOY, M AF KAVLOCK, RJ OGLESBY, LA HALL, LL FISHER, HL COPELAND, F LOGSDON, T EBRONMCCOY, M TI INVIVO AND INVITRO STRUCTURE DOSIMETRY ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY ASSAYS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING ON IN-VITRO CULTURE OF POST-IMPLANTATION RODENT EMBRYOS CY APR 03-06, 1990 CL LOUVAIN LA NEUVE, BELGIUM DE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PHENOLS; WHOLE EMBRYO CULTURE; EMBRYONIC DOSIMETRY AB Structure-dosimetry-activity relationships (SDARs) of a series of substituted phenols were evaluated following exposure of gestation day 11 rats in vivo and in comparable stage embryos in vitro. In the in vivo study, 27 congeners were assayed and log P (a term used synomously with lipophilicity in this paper) and Hammett sigma values (a measure of the electronic withdrawing ability of the substituent) were shown to correlate with maternal toxicity; however, no relationships between these parameters and developmental effects were observed. In the in vitro system, 13 congeners were evaluated and molar refractivity and/or lipophilicity were shown to correlate with the ability of the phenols to induce embryonic growth retardation and structural defects in the absence of the hepatocytes. In contrast, when a metabolic activating system (primary hepatocytes) was present in the in vitro system, the potential to induce growth retardation was inversely related to lipophilicity, although the relationships were weaker than the positive relationship seen without the hepatocytes. The binding of the phenols to macromolecules in the culture medium was highly correlated with log P. Correcting the in vitro potency data for the variable amount of binding improved the predictiveness of the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). The potential to induce embryotoxicity in vitro was not well correlated with the potential to induce developmental toxicity in vivo: whereas the in vitro data demonstrates that the phenols are intrinsically embryotoxic, few of them actually produced significant developmental toxicity in the in vivo system, and there were few positive correlations between effects observed in the two systems. Embryonic dosimetry obtained for the in vitro assay system indicated that the principal determining factor in producing embryotoxicity of a phenol in vitro is the ability to gain access into the embryo, but that once in the embryo, the lipophilic phenols are more toxic on a per molecule basis. Furthermore, embryonic dosimetry data for two phenols indicated that for a given exposure, in vitro embryos will accumulate more of a phenol than will the in vivo embryos. In summary, we have undertaken a systematic study of the response of in vivo and in vitro embryos to a series of structural analogues, and attempted to relate the potency of the congeners to specific physicochemical properties. While different conclusions were reached about the potency of the phenols in the two systems, the assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters provided insight into the deposition and activity of these congeners in the embryo and have pointed us in the direction of determining the reason(s) for the differences that we observed. RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(91)90059-O PG 4 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA FM053 UT WOS:A1991FM05300012 PM 1807560 ER PT J AU SLOTT, VL SUAREZ, JD PERREAULT, SD AF SLOTT, VL SUAREZ, JD PERREAULT, SD TI RAT SPERM MOTILITY ANALYSIS - METHODOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAT SPERM; MOTION ANALYSIS; SPERM MOTILITY; SPERM VELOCITY; COMPUTER-ASSISTED SPERM ANALYSIS (CASA); MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY; MALE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY; METHODOLOGIC ISSUES ID EPIDIDYMIS; EXPOSURE AB The objective of these studies was to optimize conditions for computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of rat epididymal spermatozoa. Methodologic issues addressed include sample collection technique, sampling region within the epididymis, type of diluent medium used, and sample chamber depth. In addition, sources of variation were identified and accuracy of the analysis were examined. All samples in this report were analyzed using a Hamilton Thorn Motility Analyzer (HTM-2000; Hamilton Thorn Reasearch, Danvers, MA). We found that allowing the sperm to swim out from cuts made in the distal cauda epididymidis yielded samples with percentages of motile sperm 60% higher than samples collected using an aspiration method. Furthermore, sperm isolated from the distal cauda epididymidis exhibited slightly but significantly greater percentages of motile sperm and swimming speeds than sperm isolated from the proximal cauda epididymidis. Of the four motility media examined, all maintained a high percentage of motile sperm over an hour-long incubation period, but Medium 199 and modified Hanks' Balanced Salt supported substantially greater sperm velocity than Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (with Ca++ and Mg++), with or without glucose. Motility and velocity endpoints were comparable in 200-, 100-, or 40-mu-m deep chambers, but significantly lower in 20-mu-m-deep chambers. Since these and presumably other variables in the preparation and analysis of rat sperm do influence the assessed motility endpoints, it is important to standardize these methods and to consider these issues when interpreting CASA data. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SLOTT, VL (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,MD-8,POB 12313,2 TRIANGLE DR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 11 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(91)90009-5 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA GJ670 UT WOS:A1991GJ67000009 PM 1806155 ER PT J AU TOTH, GP STOBER, JA GEORGE, EL READ, EJ SMITH, MK AF TOTH, GP STOBER, JA GEORGE, EL READ, EJ SMITH, MK TI SOURCES OF VARIATION IN THE COMPUTER-ASSISTED MOTION ANALYSIS OF RAT EPIDIDYMAL SPERM SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAT SPERM; MOTILITY; VIDEOMICROGRAPHY; STATISTICS; CELLSOFT ID MOTILITY AB Random and nonrandom factors associated with sample preparation and the automated analysis (CellSoft) of rat cauda epididymal sperm motion were studied. Random factors included inherent system variation at both the individual cell level and at the multiple cell level. Repeated analyses of identical tracks across grey level revealed a statistical interaction between grey settings and curvilinear velocity. However, in multiple track analyses, grey level was seen to be a factor only at higher settings. Nonrandom factors included time after sample preparation, dilution medium, and sample preparation procedures. Using a nicked preparation of the entire cauda epididymis from Long-Evans rats, the effects of time were studied on sperm suspended in 1) phosphate-buffered saline + 10 mg BSA/mL, 2) TEST yolk buffer, and 3) Medium 199. In PBS/BSA, the percent motile sperm estimate decreased (50% to 30%) over an hour, while the curvilinear velocity increased (127 to 142-mu-m/sec). Both sperm motion parameters were maintained in the TEST yolk buffer and in the Medium 199, although at lower values for the latter. Evaluation of the relative contribution of several factors, nested within sample, to the overall variance of three separate motion endpoints revealed that there was a large variation from field to field, negligible variation between overall CellSoft analyses of 200 cells or more, low variation at the preparation aliquot level, and moderate variation at the animal level. In planning experiments to test for effects on sperm motion endpoints, consideration of the relative contribution of the individual study factors to the overall variance of the parameter estimates will result in more sensitive experimental designs. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD & DEV BIOCHEM BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. RP TOTH, GP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,MD642,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(91)90020-G PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA GU966 UT WOS:A1991GU96600004 PM 1810576 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, GA CHANEY, RL RYAN, JA AF OCONNOR, GA CHANEY, RL RYAN, JA TI BIOAVAILABILITY TO PLANTS OF SLUDGE-BORNE TOXIC ORGANICS SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS PBBS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; AMENDED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; TRANSLOCATION; DEGRADATION C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP OCONNOR, GA (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 111 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 121 BP 129 EP 155 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GE586 UT WOS:A1991GE58600003 ER PT J AU KUTZ, FW WOOD, PH BOTTIMORE, DP AF KUTZ, FW WOOD, PH BOTTIMORE, DP TI ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON RESIDUES; HUMAN FAT; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; NORTHEAST LOUISIANA; BODY BURDEN; BLOOD; MILK; PCBS; DDT; CANADIANS C1 VERSAR INC,ENVIRONM OPERAT,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22151. RP KUTZ, FW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF MODELING MONITORING SYST & QUAL ASSURANCE,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 150 TC 226 Z9 232 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 120 BP 1 EP 82 PG 82 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ET359 UT WOS:A1991ET35900001 PM 1899728 ER PT J AU COPPINGER, KD REINERS, WA BURKE, IC OLSON, RK AF COPPINGER, KD REINERS, WA BURKE, IC OLSON, RK TI NET EROSION ON A SAGEBRUSH STEPPE LANDSCAPE AS DETERMINED BY CESIUM-137 DISTRIBUTION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; VEGETATION AB Soil erosion plays a major role in structuring landscapes of semiarid regions. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns and assess transport mechanisms of soil erosion and deposition in a native sagebrush steppe landscape in south central Wyoming using Cs-137. Six landscape units were identified using a cluster analysis based on four landscape variables. Cesium-137 values varied little among landscape units, suggesting that intermediate-scale (approximately 100 m) fluvial and eolian soil transport is unimportant in this system during the time since bomb-test Cs-137 deposition occurred. In contrast, analysis of variance showed that, on windswept landscape positions, Cs-137 was significantly higher under shrubs than between them. These differences suggest that wind-driven redistribution has occurred at a small scale (0.5-10 m). Even though Cs-137 data indicate that intermediate-scale transport is not occurring, analysis of the soil fine fraction across the landscape shows net transport of fines downslope, suggesting that, in this sagebrush ecosystem, soil redistribution by fluvial erosion occurs too slowly to be determined by Cs-137. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST & WOOD SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT BOT,LARAMIE,WY 82070. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200043 ER PT B AU OGG, CW AF OGG, CW GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI TIME FRAME FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD: A PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD - 1990 CY APR 03-04, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, OFF SCI & EDUC, NATL RES COUNCIL, BOARD AGR RP OGG, CW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-309-04578-9 PY 1991 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Education & Educational Research SC Agriculture; Education & Educational Research GA BW01F UT WOS:A1991BW01F00023 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, RS SHIPMAN, MS ROTTMAN, JW AF THOMPSON, RS SHIPMAN, MS ROTTMAN, JW TI MODERATELY STABLE FLOW OVER A 3-DIMENSIONAL HILL A COMPARISON OF LINEAR-THEORY WITH LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Several series of experiments were performed in a stratified towing tank to study the near-field flow of a linearly stratified fluid over an isolated three-dimensional hill. Streamlines were obtained in the laboratory using a stereographic method to determine the paths of plumes of dye released upstream of the hill. Velocities over the hill center were obtained by analysis of video recordings of dye plumes and with a propeller anemometer. The results of these experiments are compared with numerical solutions, computed using Fast Fourier Transforms, of the linearized equations of motion for an inviscid fluid. Numerical solutions were obtained using two different upper boundary conditions: one represents flow in a fluid of infinite depth and the other flow in a fluid of finite depth. Near the hill surface, the predicted streamline deflections were quite similar in both cases except for Froude numbers close to one in the lee of the hill. Good agreement with the measurements is found for Froude numbers (based on the hill height) greater than about 2.0. For Froude numbers greater than about 4.0, flow patterns were observed to differ only slightly from those for neutral flow. RP THOMPSON, RS (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1991.00005.x PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA EU910 UT WOS:A1991EU91000005 ER PT J AU CHANG, LW DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB AF CHANG, LW DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB TI DNA STRAND BREAKS INDUCED IN CULTURED HUMAN AND RODENT CELLS BY CHLOROHYDROXY-FURANONES - MUTAGENS ISOLATED FROM DRINKING-WATER SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE MUTAGENS IN DRINKING WATER; CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DNA STRAND BREAKS; PRH; LDH ID POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN; CHLORINATED HUMIC-ACID; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; RAT; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS AB Chlorohydroxyfuranones, by-products of chlorine disinfection and drinking water contaminants, are shown to produce DNA strand breaks in human and rodent cells. One chlorohydroxyfuranone, 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX), a potent bacterial mutagen, induces 232 +/- 89 DNA strand breaks.(cell-mu-M)-1 in human CCRF-CEM cells over a concentration range of 4.4 to 220-mu-M. This constitutes a DNA damage potency comparable to dimethylsulfate (DMS). By comparison, 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MA), another chlorohydroxyfuranone which is approximately four orders of magnitude less mutagenic than MX in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, is only about tenfold less potent as an inducer of DNA strand breaks in these cells, i.e., 18.2 +/- 3.1 strand breaks.(cell-mu-M)-1. The DNA strand-breaking potential of MX is inactivated by prior incubation with a rat liver S9 homogenate. In addition, both chlorohydroxyfuranones are ineffective at producing DNA strand breaks in primary rate hepatocytes (PRH) at concentrations below those which produce cytotoxicity as assessed by release of the cellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Prior treatment of the PRH with 750-mu-M diethyl maleate, a glutathione-depleting agent, did not enhance the cytotoxicity nor the DNA strand-breaking potential of either chlorohydroxyfuranone. This could indicate that glutathione-glutathione-S-transferase is not an important mechanism for the detoxification of these compounds in PRH. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,BIOCHEM & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1002/tcm.1770110206 PG 12 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GG503 UT WOS:A1991GG50300005 PM 1686674 ER PT J AU GRAY, JA KAVLOCK, RJ AF GRAY, JA KAVLOCK, RJ TI PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY NEONATAL GROWTH-RETARDATION - EFFECTS OF ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE ON RENAL GROWTH AND FUNCTION IN THE RAT SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR; SYMPATHETIC NEUROTRANSMISSION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; POLYAMINES; KIDNEY; DIFFERENTIATION; HEART AB The physiological consequences of early neonatal growth retardation in the kidney were investigated using alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines. We administered by s.c. 500 mg/kg/day DFMO, or saline, to Sprague-Dawley rat pups from the day of birth through postnatal day (PD) 6 and evaluated renal function on PD 4, 7, 10, and 13 using tests of basal renal clearance and urinary concentrating ability. Kidney weights and gross pathology were also obtained. On PD 39, serum chemistries and organ weights were determined. In a second experiment, we evaluated concentrating ability on PD 7-10, and basal renal function, concentrating ability, diuretic response, serum chemistries, and organ weights on PD 132-140. DFMO selectively inhibited renal growth but did not inhibit glomerular and tubular functional maturation. In fact, the rates of filtration and reabsorption (per g renal tissue), and concentrating ability were increased in treated pups. These changes were associated with long-term effects on renal function, including uremia, glucosuria, and male-specific concentrating deficits in adulthood. Several hypotheses can be developed concerning the physiological mechanisms underlying these changes (e.g., altered renal urea metabolism), which in turn may reflect either a direct role of ODC in the regulation of maturation or secondary consequences of inhibition of ODC. In conclusion, the renal growth retardation induced by neonatal administration of DFMO (PD 2-6) was associated with an apparent precocious maturation of function in the early postnatal period (PD 4-13) and dysfunction in adulthood, thus demonstrating that the physiological consequences of growth retardation are not always obvious and predictable, and must be evaluated on a case by case basis. RP GRAY, JA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JAN PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1002/tera.1420430104 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA ET417 UT WOS:A1991ET41700003 PM 2006469 ER PT J AU COUCH, JA AF COUCH, JA TI SPONGIOSIS HEPATIS - CHEMICAL INDUCTION, PATHOGENESIS, AND POSSIBLE NEOPLASTIC FATE IN A TELEOST FISH MODEL SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPONGIOSIS HEPATIS; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; INDUCTION; PATHOGENESIS; FISH; MODEL; NEOPLASIA AB Spongiosis hepatis (SH), first reported as a distinct lesion associated with certain forms of hepatic neoplasia in rats, has also been induced with chemicals, in a predictable fashion, in small teleost fishes being studied as carcinogenesis research models. The sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), exposed to N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) in sea water, provided the model for this study. The fish developed SH and presented a spectrum of developmental or progressive stages of the lesion over a 140 week holding period following a 6 week exposure to @ 57 mg/L DENA. The origin of SH in the fish model is homologous to that in the rat model, both species having the perisinusoidal cell (stellate cells of Ito) in the space of Disse as the cell of origin. Light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) studies characterized the different pathogenetic stages of SH in liver of the sheepshead minnow and revealed a possible late transition of SH to putative polymorphic cell neoplasms. The possible preneoplastic or neoplastic nature of SH from its time of origin in chemically exposed fish to time of appearance of associated presumptive neoplasms is discussed. SH may be a bioindicator of exposure to certain chemicals in some vertebrate species, from fishes to mammals. RP COUCH, JA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 237 EP 250 PG 14 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA GP999 UT WOS:A1991GP99900006 PM 1780641 ER PT J AU KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB BECKER, S PEREZ, R MCDONNELL, WF AF KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB BECKER, S PEREZ, R MCDONNELL, WF TI TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES OF MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION IN THE LUNGS OF HUMANS EXPOSED TO AMBIENT LEVELS OF OZONE SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP OF THE SOC OF TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS : PULMONARY TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY CY JUN 02-06, 1991 CL MONTEREY, CA SP SOC TOXICOL PATHOLOGISTS DE BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; CYTOKINES; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2; PERMEABILITY; FIBRONECTIN; FIBROSIS; ACUTE EXPOSURE AB Acute exposure of humans to 0.4 ppm ozone results in reversible respiratory function decrements, and cellular and biochemical changes leading to the production of substances which can mediate inflammation and acute lung injury. While pulmonary function decrements occur almost immediately after ozone exposure, it is not known how quickly the cellular and biochemical changes indicative of inflammation occur in humans. Changes in neutrophils and PGE2 have been observed in humans as early as 3 hr (28) and as late as 18 hr post exposure (19). The purpose of this study was to determine whether inflammatory changes occur relatively rapidly (within 1 hr) following exposure to ozone, or if the cascade of events which are initiated by ozone and lead to inflammation, take some time to develop. We exposed 10 healthy volunteers twice: once to filtered air and once to 0.4 ppm ozone. Each exposure lasted for 2 hr at an exercise level of 60 L/min, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 1 hr following exposure. The data from this study were compared to those from a previous study in which 10 subjects were exposed to O3 under identical conditions except that bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 18 hr following exposure. The results of the present study demonstrate that O3 is capable of inducing rapid cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. These changes were detectable as early as 1 hr following a 2 hr exposure of humans to ozone. The profiles of these changes were different at 1 hr and 18 hr following ozone exposures. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had levels of neutrophils, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 that were higher at 1 hr than at 18 hr post exposure. On the other hand, the levels of fibronectin and plasminogen activator were found to be higher at 18 hr than at 1 hr after ozone exposure. A temporal association appeared to exist between changes occurring in the biochemical markers and alterations in lung function. Further studies may be useful in determining if a causal relationship exists between these parameters. RP KOREN, HS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 406 EP 411 PN 1 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA HQ749 UT WOS:A1991HQ74900009 PM 1813985 ER PT J AU STOKER, TE GOLDMAN, JM COOPER, RL MCELROY, WK AF STOKER, TE GOLDMAN, JM COOPER, RL MCELROY, WK TI INFLUENCE OF CHLORDIMEFORM ON ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL-REGULATION IN THE RAT - PITUITARY AND ADRENOCORTICAL SECRETION SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLORDIMEFORM; ADRENOCEPTORS; CORTICOSTERONE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ADRENALS; PITUITARY ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; HYPOPHYSIAL-PORTAL CIRCULATION; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; ACTH RELEASE; BRAIN; DEXAMETHASONE; NOREPINEPHRINE; CATECHOLAMINES; HYPOTHALAMUS; SENSITIVITY AB The acaricide chlordimeform (CDF) has been reported to have effects on the central nervous system that appear to involve an interaction with alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated mechanisms of neurotransmission. The present study examined the effects of CDF on adrenocortical and pituitary prolactin secretion, which are known to involve central adrenergic receptors. Male Long-Evans rats were injected i.p. with 20 or 50 mg/kg CDF and killed after 1, 4, 8 or 24 h. Both noninjected and saline-injected controls were included. Dosing was structured so that trunk blood could be collected during the morning nadir of circulating corticosterone (CORT). Assays for plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), CORT and prolactin (PRL) showed that with 50 mg/kg, all three hormones rose sharply by 1 h. CORT increased in a dose-dependent fashion and declined over the ensuing 8 h. Other rats were treated with the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phenoxybenzamine (PBZ, 20 mg/kg) or the alpha-agonist clonidine (CLON, 0.6 mg/kg) 40 min before and killed 1 h after CDF (25 mg/kg) injection. CLON was found to completely suppress the CDF-induced rise in CORT, while PBZ enhanced the CORT/ACTH response to CDF. CLON also significantly elevated PRL, an alteration not seen in the CLON-pretreated CDF rats. Dexamethasone was able to block the CDF-induced rise in CORT and significantly suppressed PRL levels in both saline- and CDF-treated groups. These effects indicate that CDF is interfering with a regulator), signal mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptor-associated activity. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,ENDOCRINOL GERONTOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PY 1991 VL 69 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(91)90185-4 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GQ007 UT WOS:A1991GQ00700002 PM 1658985 ER EF